[ { "id": "1cf257772e", "word": "嗚呼", "reading": "ああ", "romaji": "aa", "meanings": [ "Ah!", "Oh!", "Alas!" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "int" ], "jmdict_id": 1565440, "examples": [ { "ja": "ああ、もしかして名前を呼ばれるのが恥ずかしいって？", "furigana": "ああ、もしかして{名前|なまえ}を{呼|よ}ばれるのが{恥|は}ずかしいって？", "en": "Ah, could it be you're embarrassed to be called by your first name?", "tatoeba_id": 76927 }, { "ja": "ああ飛行機が離陸する。", "furigana": "ああ{飛行機|ひこうき}が{離陸|りりく}する。", "en": "Look! There's a plane taking off.", "tatoeba_id": 234697 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c26d910f5d8e91e4e32175da031519b404fe5436723e4cfef0a5fa867900a8a7", "meanings": [ "啊", "哎呀" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ああ、もしかして名前を呼ばれるのが恥ずかしいって？", "zh": "啊，难道你是因为被人叫名字而害羞？" }, { "ja": "ああ飛行機が離陸する。", "zh": "看，飞机要起飞了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1cf257772e", "JMdict ent_seq 1565440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "685ea4a081b1bb54e91463917837ba1963928eb6129ffc0846867d492f2c1c21", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f9d361f995", "word": "相", "reading": "あい", "romaji": "ai", "meanings": [ "together", "mutually", "fellow" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1400800, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の思想は時勢と相いれなかった。", "en": "His ideas were out of harmony with the times.", "tatoeba_id": 117203 }, { "ja": "彼はすぐに相づちを打った。", "en": "He made a quick response.", "tatoeba_id": 113441 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8848840f962ba6a0009a35660050bf43598730836341a49448f6b047893eccb9", "meanings": [ "互相", "共同" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の思想は時勢と相いれなかった。", "zh": "他的思想与时代格格不入。" }, { "ja": "彼はすぐに相づちを打った。", "zh": "他马上附和了一声。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f9d361f995", "JMdict ent_seq 1400800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e7b9a7bb56dd9e70eab2226fcf587fcc69041f757bb90986d4f17aee1e459880", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "接在词语前表示相互或共同；例句中的相いれる、相づちは固定用法。" } }, { "id": "49167c4c88", "word": "愛想", "reading": "あいそ", "romaji": "aiso", "meanings": [ "civility", "courtesy", "compliments", "sociability", "graces" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1575660, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はとても愛想のよい隣人だ。", "en": "She is a most gracious neighbor.", "tatoeba_id": 91957 }, { "ja": "いいお子様たちだと愛想を言う。", "en": "Say nice things about a person's children.", "tatoeba_id": 229415 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "73c6ea6647d391923b308a31e426f471a1e8a9d959d591aa9a20e12b517af360", "meanings": [ "和蔼", "客套" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はとても愛想のよい隣人だ。", "zh": "她是个非常和气的邻居。" }, { "ja": "いいお子様たちだと愛想を言う。", "zh": "客套地说人家的孩子很不错。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/49167c4c88", "JMdict ent_seq 1575660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "01b5f94420b4f3a21436aa9360c280159bec376aeeefca3026af9837231a2245", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5e01def051", "word": "愛憎", "reading": "あいぞう", "romaji": "aizou", "meanings": [ "love and hate", "likes and dislikes" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1575670, "examples": [ { "ja": "フロイトは、親子間の愛憎関係をエディプス・コンプレックスとして展開しました。", "en": "Freud developed the love-hate relationship between parents and child as the Oedipus complex.", "tatoeba_id": 74596 }, { "ja": "愛憎の入り混じった感情を抱いている。", "en": "I have mixed feelings of love and hate." }, { "ja": "二人の間には複雑な愛憎があった。", "en": "There were complicated feelings of love and hate between them." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9b2da92d39f4d8b30ce09d74e193b2f5479d711eb0d05ac08fa2cea115fdf77c", "meanings": [ "爱憎", "爱与恨" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "フロイトは、親子間の愛憎関係をエディプス・コンプレックスとして展開しました。", "zh": "弗洛伊德把亲子间的爱憎关系发展为俄狄浦斯情结。" }, { "ja": "愛憎の入り混じった感情を抱いている。", "zh": "我怀有爱恨交织的感情。" }, { "ja": "二人の間には複雑な愛憎があった。", "zh": "两人之间存在复杂的爱恨。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5e01def051", "JMdict ent_seq 1575670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fe9438a83f4eb31998a04324bb4d6285dfb2392f8283a342a93dcdb82b0acafb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6f6edac49d", "word": "相対", "reading": "あいたい", "romaji": "aitai", "meanings": [ "confrontation", "facing", "between ourselves", "no third party", "tete-a-tete" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1401100, "examples": [ { "ja": "二人は相対で話し合った。", "en": "The two parties talked directly with each other." }, { "ja": "相対で価格を決める。", "en": "The parties decide the price between themselves." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f488171371cdc207b4ecc25afee9c3765b24ee7a9e4ea144e85ea15a2b28dc28", "meanings": [ "当事人之间", "双方直接" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "二人は相対で話し合った。", "zh": "双方直接进行了交谈。" }, { "ja": "相対で価格を決める。", "zh": "双方直接商定价格。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6f6edac49d", "JMdict ent_seq 1401100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "97322ad4c12f3db3057b31c713ba97bbb2fe6a24f220e1c1ed48b4ad09879287", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3a407bbc0b", "word": "間柄", "reading": "あいだがら", "romaji": "aidagara", "meanings": [ "relation(ship)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1215660, "examples": [ { "ja": "君と彼とはどういう間柄なのだ。", "furigana": "{君|きみ}と{彼|かれ}とはどういう{間柄|あいだがら}なのだ。", "en": "What's your relation with him?", "tatoeba_id": 178739 }, { "ja": "彼らは近所の人と良い間柄にある。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{近所|きんじょ}の{人|ひと}と{良|よ}い{間柄|あいだがら}にある。", "en": "They have been on good terms with their neighbours.", "tatoeba_id": 97313 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3de22fa150491d380c54373960347b962d9ece20045d4da53acce3c59a9add30", "meanings": [ "关系" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "君と彼とはどういう間柄なのだ。", "zh": "你和他是什么关系？" }, { "ja": "彼らは近所の人と良い間柄にある。", "zh": "他们和邻居关系很好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3a407bbc0b", "JMdict ent_seq 1215660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f3699ea2a43e63e563f10a6d869421b14f72aa44e6c7cc344364112d03109fa6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f7da525529", "word": "合間", "reading": "あいま", "romaji": "aima", "meanings": [ "interval" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1284670, "examples": [ { "ja": "勉強の合間に私はテレビをみた。", "furigana": "{勉強|べんきょう}の{合間|あいま}に{私|わたし}はテレビをみた。", "en": "I watched television during a break in my studies.", "tatoeba_id": 83300 }, { "ja": "私は仕事の合間によく漫画を読みます。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{仕事|しごと}の{合間|あいま}によく{漫画|まんが}を{読|よ}みます。", "en": "I often read manga in my spare moments at work.", "tatoeba_id": 530568 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7fc7b90a465b06817a69bb774cdb43c7c4f457c0af400f726ad853c3ae37db68", "meanings": [ "间隙", "空闲" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "勉強の合間に私はテレビをみた。", "zh": "学习的间隙我看了电视。" }, { "ja": "私は仕事の合間によく漫画を読みます。", "zh": "我经常利用工作间隙看漫画。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f7da525529", "JMdict ent_seq 1284670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7a47eeec440dd5ecdc721f25f0aadcef7401a6abf163dc7966e2c7be20ee9529", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "69bb692c2b", "word": "敢えて", "reading": "あえて", "romaji": "aete", "meanings": [ "dare (to do)", "challenge (to do)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1212850, "examples": [ { "ja": "あえて彼の意見を支持した。", "furigana": "あえて{彼|かれ}の{意見|いけん}を{支持|しじ}した。", "en": "I dared to support his opinion.", "tatoeba_id": 234525 }, { "ja": "私は危険を犯して敢えてソニーの株を５００株買った。", "en": "I went out on a limb and bought 500 shares of Sony stock.", "tatoeba_id": 157773 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8da4f6b8239586243c88de8e15a17ece2dac5307f1cfe5d3346d57d5d9d42f00", "meanings": [ "敢于", "特意" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あえて彼の意見を支持した。", "zh": "我特意支持了他的意见。" }, { "ja": "私は危険を犯して敢えてソニーの株を５００株買った。", "zh": "我冒险买了五百股索尼股票。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/69bb692c2b", "JMdict ent_seq 1212850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "eae973d531fee7e8a0b04938709b940f95b96feab0412cf193968d3163757397", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "表示明知困难、不寻常或可能遭反对仍有意去做；也可表示特意。" } }, { "id": "568d94afad", "word": "仰ぐ", "reading": "あおぐ", "romaji": "aogu", "meanings": [ "to look up (to)", "to respect", "to depend on", "to ask for", "to seek", "to revere", "to drink", "to take" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5g", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1238780, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は何事にも彼の指導を仰ぐ。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{何事|なにごと}にも{彼|かれ}の{指導|しどう}を{仰|あお}ぐ。", "en": "I look to him for direction in everything.", "tatoeba_id": 158102 }, { "ja": "彼は天を仰いだ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{天|てん}を{仰|あお}いだ。", "en": "He looked up at the sky.", "tatoeba_id": 101942 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "20aa6001d9f36d98427c107a2f45c3f84a2161b5451b4fbaec39d57363a881da", "meanings": [ "仰望", "敬仰", "请求" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は何事にも彼の指導を仰ぐ。", "zh": "我事事向他请教。" }, { "ja": "彼は天を仰いだ。", "zh": "他仰望天空。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/568d94afad", "JMdict ent_seq 1238780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8383f36627162f1c453b4d2ae1c987f160a4a984554c1e9a5cd3421b52225bb9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8645802338", "word": "亜科", "reading": "あか", "romaji": "aka", "meanings": [ "suborder", "subfamily" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1149680, "examples": [ { "ja": "この植物はバラ科の一つの亜科に属する。", "en": "This plant belongs to a subfamily of the rose family." }, { "ja": "研究者はその亜科の特徴を調べた。", "en": "The researcher studied the characteristics of the subfamily." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "009b6d594889cd4694d1480f3954fcfaccafec731b8e31e57005570d2d144bb5", "meanings": [ "亚科" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この植物はバラ科の一つの亜科に属する。", "zh": "这种植物属于蔷薇科的一个亚科。" }, { "ja": "研究者はその亜科の特徴を調べた。", "zh": "研究者调查了那个亚科的特征。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8645802338", "JMdict ent_seq 1149680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b8cd02eeb777ec610549cbec1c6f8a5bfefbac9d81450287613d180f361d65fc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3b72fad905", "word": "垢", "reading": "あか", "romaji": "aka", "meanings": [ "dirt", "filth" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1277420, "examples": [ { "ja": "いつもあかだらけで、食事も満足に与えられていない様子でした。", "furigana": "いつもあかだらけで、{食事|しょくじ}も{満足|まんぞく}に{与|あた}えられていない{様子|ようす}でした。", "en": "He was always filthy and looked like he wasn't given enough food.", "tatoeba_id": 76864 }, { "ja": "あの子はあかだらけだ。", "furigana": "あの{子|こ}はあかだらけだ。", "en": "The child is dirty.", "tatoeba_id": 230972 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "67f8e59c5560ddf5b80e89c615e43b8f574bb76af0c0b1e54d6a92860e6ee33a", "meanings": [ "污垢" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "いつもあかだらけで、食事も満足に与えられていない様子でした。", "zh": "看起来总是浑身脏兮兮的，饭也没有好好吃。" }, { "ja": "あの子はあかだらけだ。", "zh": "那个孩子浑身脏兮兮的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3b72fad905", "JMdict ent_seq 1277420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "14cb6d220ac786ceff6f1d5a52838cfacfc720c5776c26d6d7a7ee3dc10cffda", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ddb83d9881", "word": "証", "reading": "あかし", "romaji": "akashi", "meanings": [ "proof", "evidence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1351580, "examples": [ { "ja": "しかし、あなた方は私たちの証を受け入れません。", "en": "But still you people do not accept our testimony.", "tatoeba_id": 216359 }, { "ja": "この人は光についてあかしするために来た。", "furigana": "この{人|ひと}は{光|ひかり}についてあかしするために{来|き}た。", "en": "He came as a witness to testify concerning that light.", "tatoeba_id": 221001 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bf895dd0cab4acfbe13e41adaf8600d239d06ced6f0c2c92fee8389f3ea92a3e", "meanings": [ "证明", "见证" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "しかし、あなた方は私たちの証を受け入れません。", "zh": "但是你们不接受我们的见证。" }, { "ja": "この人は光についてあかしするために来た。", "zh": "这个人是来为光作见证的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ddb83d9881", "JMdict ent_seq 1351580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b61f683865a134d2c84f718d850cd5bcc60bef37ef8a471a352c29cfb2d075c0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6836124c3c", "word": "赤字", "reading": "あかじ", "romaji": "akaji", "meanings": [ "deficit", "go in the red" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1383440, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はどうにか赤字を出さずにすんだ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はどうにか{赤字|あかじ}を{出|だ}さずにすんだ。", "en": "He managed to make both ends meet.", "tatoeba_id": 111708 }, { "ja": "私たちの家計費は先月赤字になった。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちの{家計費|かけいひ}は{先月|せんげつ}{赤字|あかじ}になった。", "en": "Our household expense got into the red last month.", "tatoeba_id": 167059 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bd62477b00a72f949bb5a6d0b87f2dc48ac06234925b011fe027fcc3b72a37eb", "meanings": [ "赤字", "亏损" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はどうにか赤字を出さずにすんだ。", "zh": "他总算避免了亏损。" }, { "ja": "私たちの家計費は先月赤字になった。", "zh": "我们家的开支上个月出现了赤字。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6836124c3c", "JMdict ent_seq 1383440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f8219bb07823b9d9bb020816b0c72e0c1771bcba8b7bbf98aff71c88ca8cf4d4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b82e2ceca8", "word": "明かす", "reading": "あかす", "romaji": "akasu", "meanings": [ "to pass", "spend", "to reveal", "to divulge" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1532220, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は寝ずに一夜を明かした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{寝|ね}ずに{一夜|いちや}を{明|あ}かした。", "en": "He sat up all night.", "tatoeba_id": 103877 }, { "ja": "これは秘密です。他人に明かさないでください。", "furigana": "これは{秘密|ひみつ}です。{他人|たにん}に{明|あ}かさないでください。", "en": "This is a secret. Keep it to yourself.", "tatoeba_id": 218111 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "544462feba80a920c56449d4bd0668eb2cc570a489509ad426ac4c26dc430ec3", "meanings": [ "度过", "揭露" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は寝ずに一夜を明かした。", "zh": "他一夜没睡。" }, { "ja": "これは秘密です。他人に明かさないでください。", "zh": "这是秘密，请不要告诉别人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b82e2ceca8", "JMdict ent_seq 1532220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1ef3eb6a2911570f59fa19a642afed83a83dbedbe9a7950edfd30aeb1d9390c0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "一夜を明かす指通宵度过；秘密を明かす指揭露秘密。" } }, { "id": "ff854ec90e", "word": "赤らむ", "reading": "あからむ", "romaji": "akaramu", "meanings": [ "to become red", "to redden", "to blush" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1383280, "examples": [ { "ja": "青白い彼の顔が興奮で赤らんだ。", "en": "His pale face showed a flush of excitement.", "tatoeba_id": 142545 }, { "ja": "彼女の頬が赤らんだ。", "en": "Her cheeks reddened." }, { "ja": "夕日に雲が赤らんでいる。", "en": "The clouds are reddening in the evening sun." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "248007032ee44cfaf0baaa8c9d21d1062900d8d55cf17d4c4dc1057b211d9c55", "meanings": [ "变红", "泛红" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "青白い彼の顔が興奮で赤らんだ。", "zh": "他苍白的脸因兴奋而泛红。" }, { "ja": "彼女の頬が赤らんだ。", "zh": "她的脸颊泛红了。" }, { "ja": "夕日に雲が赤らんでいる。", "zh": "云在夕阳下泛红。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ff854ec90e", "JMdict ent_seq 1383280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c722a086340a66180852aaa724ee9f478e6d247dc928f3a935d2413cdc48b139", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b20eb26e92", "word": "上がり", "reading": "あがり", "romaji": "agari", "meanings": [ "slope", "advance income", "crop yield", "ascent", "rise", "advance", "death", "spinning", "completion", "stop", "finish", "after (rain, illness, etc.)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1352190, "examples": [ { "ja": "道はなだらかな上がりになっていた。", "furigana": "{道|みち}はなだらかな{上|あ}がりになっていた。", "en": "The road climbed gradually.", "tatoeba_id": 123585 }, { "ja": "色の上がりがよい。", "furigana": "{色|いろ}の{上|あ}がりがよい。", "en": "The color has come out well.", "tatoeba_id": 145958 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5950b3380540fe3671120298152277cad09fee794e2265fa194443310fcd35c2", "meanings": [ "上升", "完成", "收入" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "道はなだらかな上がりになっていた。", "zh": "道路是平缓的上坡。" }, { "ja": "色の上がりがよい。", "zh": "颜色效果很好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b20eb26e92", "JMdict ent_seq 1352190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "27e8b37c1423e26db6da14a74d4c4fdeb45694633f3b5adf1530332fc58dae45", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "61c572fca7", "word": "空き間", "reading": "あきま", "romaji": "akima", "meanings": [ "vacancy", "room for rent or lease" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1676080, "examples": [ { "ja": "二つの建物の空き間に草が生えている。", "en": "Grass is growing in the gap between the buildings." }, { "ja": "この家には空き間が一つあります。", "en": "There is one vacant room in this house." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bb02665b846bd494fa54885b9a2637238b1b706a30d1b77c1dfdcbe842fdc75b", "meanings": [ "空房", "空隙" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "二つの建物の空き間に草が生えている。", "zh": "两栋建筑的空隙里长着草。" }, { "ja": "この家には空き間が一つあります。", "zh": "这座房子有一间空房。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/61c572fca7", "JMdict ent_seq 1676080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "46ec905634fc0ff31a080bf954c5d2dfaad66e1c8f58fc14737a9388ff85f47c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7e9e492582", "word": "諦め", "reading": "あきらめ", "romaji": "akirame", "meanings": [ "resignation", "acceptance", "consolation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1436720, "examples": [ { "ja": "サムはあきらめのいいほうだろう？", "en": "Sam is a philosopher, isn't he?", "tatoeba_id": 216727 }, { "ja": "彼は結局あきらめざるを得なかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{結局|けっきょく}あきらめざるを{得|え}なかった。", "en": "He finally had to step down.", "tatoeba_id": 107809 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c20904f0197e302765d7568426ba1ffdd98e443f5f9a6d72676428bef6244457", "meanings": [ "放弃", "死心" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "サムはあきらめのいいほうだろう？", "zh": "萨姆算是容易死心的人吧？" }, { "ja": "彼は結局あきらめざるを得なかった。", "zh": "他最终不得不放弃。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7e9e492582", "JMdict ent_seq 1436720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "351863d7dc1d67af89de55646aa03ca67e2f6b256a1fa3caeb49ca068428b9d0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0812660ad4", "word": "悪", "reading": "あく", "romaji": "aku", "meanings": [ "evil", "wickedness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1151230, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は人種差別を悪だと決めつけた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{人種差別|じんしゅさべつ}を{悪|あく}だと{決|き}めつけた。", "en": "He condemned racial discrimination as evil.", "tatoeba_id": 103552 }, { "ja": "競争それ自体は善でも悪でもない。", "furigana": "{競争|きょうそう}それ{自体|じたい}は{善|ぜん}でも{悪|あく}でもない。", "en": "Competition is neither good nor evil in itself.", "tatoeba_id": 181522 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "53f6c043e65310dca61b2549bd622eaa65fab030d591e24a7434ce263c8efab3", "meanings": [ "恶", "邪恶" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は人種差別を悪だと決めつけた。", "zh": "他断定种族歧视是邪恶的。" }, { "ja": "競争それ自体は善でも悪でもない。", "zh": "竞争本身既不是善也不是恶。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0812660ad4", "JMdict ent_seq 1151230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7a107ff71b6f147bf54ae4c5c81706d3e52c2ed845eae31129dfd15fcd471cac", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1acc5eb731", "word": "アクセル", "reading": "アクセル", "romaji": "akuseru", "meanings": [ "accelerator" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1015290, "examples": [ { "ja": "アクセルをゆっくり踏んでください。", "en": "Please press the accelerator gently." }, { "ja": "運転手はアクセルから足を離した。", "en": "The driver took their foot off the accelerator." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ef15b7f835b07cc3a15e514ad8bcced9f4f35eeea4beb6dfa0a5d981b28ddae9", "meanings": [ "油门", "加速器" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アクセルをゆっくり踏んでください。", "zh": "请慢慢踩油门。" }, { "ja": "運転手はアクセルから足を離した。", "zh": "司机松开了油门。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1acc5eb731", "JMdict ent_seq 1015290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2e13d34997043b9db2d9072816dad6a52fb508e5e6460aecc722275cdec7a435", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c91ead7388", "word": "あくどい", "reading": "あくどい", "romaji": "akudoi", "meanings": [ "gaudy", "showy", "excessive", "vicious" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1000260, "examples": [ { "ja": "かなりあくどい事をしてきたそうだな。", "furigana": "かなりあくどい{事|こと}をしてきたそうだな。", "en": "I hear you've done some pretty extreme stuff.", "tatoeba_id": 76794 }, { "ja": "あくどい事をするな。", "furigana": "あくどい{事|こと}をするな。", "en": "Don't do wicked things.", "tatoeba_id": 234503 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "632269daff724b3e0b0c135e50f224b4cbd34aeda2659c7f80a078cf60be9b27", "meanings": [ "恶毒", "不择手段", "花哨" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "かなりあくどい事をしてきたそうだな。", "zh": "听说你做过不少缺德事。" }, { "ja": "あくどい事をするな。", "zh": "别干缺德事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c91ead7388", "JMdict ent_seq 1000260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5cc9736a14028a9c7c703232f99d7dcf014e3c4e9a63d648a381ebce361395f2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "03b0ef5987", "word": "悪日", "reading": "あくび", "romaji": "akubi", "meanings": [ "unlucky day" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1575770, "examples": [ { "ja": "今日は暦の上では悪日とされている。", "en": "Today is considered an unlucky day in the calendar." }, { "ja": "昔は悪日に祝い事を避ける人もいた。", "en": "In the past, some people avoided celebrations on unlucky days." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7150abccbb06604506eb44a1ba6faed57f8a13dfd478f81359db419227324f55", "meanings": [ "不吉利的日子" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "今日は暦の上では悪日とされている。", "zh": "按照历书，今天被认为是不吉利的日子。" }, { "ja": "昔は悪日に祝い事を避ける人もいた。", "zh": "过去有些人会避免在不吉利的日子办喜事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/03b0ef5987", "JMdict ent_seq 1575770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f3a4307a1da96c5b971ea5dbba5b469ae9baeaa8c172b7b2833f5fe606d3dbd7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1977f3c94f", "word": "明くる", "reading": "あくる", "romaji": "akuru", "meanings": [ "next", "following" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-pn" ], "jmdict_id": 1532250, "examples": [ { "ja": "僕は明くる朝パリへ立つことになっていた。", "en": "I was leaving for Paris the next morning.", "tatoeba_id": 1772250 }, { "ja": "明くる日、彼は町を出た。", "en": "He left town the next day." }, { "ja": "明くる朝は快晴だった。", "en": "The following morning was clear." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c85c55586e3e1c618e5ef1ce0438b36320dd1fa1032d1dd7675b30fa74163aa0", "meanings": [ "第二天的", "接下来的" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "僕は明くる朝パリへ立つことになっていた。", "zh": "我原定第二天早上动身去巴黎。" }, { "ja": "明くる日、彼は町を出た。", "zh": "第二天，他离开了城镇。" }, { "ja": "明くる朝は快晴だった。", "zh": "第二天早晨天气晴朗。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1977f3c94f", "JMdict ent_seq 1532250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "24c9e31fc1adf494738f83f29b587789704a5e755a0a3ec1ab231b485d6f29d0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a91e6b714f", "word": "顎", "reading": "あご", "romaji": "ago", "meanings": [ "chin" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1207560, "examples": [ { "ja": "笑いすぎて、顎がはずれそうになった。", "furigana": "{笑|わら}いすぎて、{顎|あご}がはずれそうになった。", "en": "I was laughing so hard I nearly dislocated my jaw.", "tatoeba_id": 146366 }, { "ja": "私は彼のあごに１発食らわしてやった。", "en": "I landed him a blow on the chin.", "tatoeba_id": 154036 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "317895f517212012f82c6bbe2dc13d0b5faab6286a3c4f268720fd7b85a3448a", "meanings": [ "下巴", "颌" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "笑いすぎて、顎がはずれそうになった。", "zh": "笑得下巴都快脱臼了。" }, { "ja": "私は彼のあごに１発食らわしてやった。", "zh": "我朝他的下巴打了一拳。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a91e6b714f", "JMdict ent_seq 1207560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c8d6ccbf7d340fe292c18fef7a07eb399fad962032b82afd08dc6cc05ba509df", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d290395bb6", "word": "憧れ", "reading": "あこがれ", "romaji": "akogare", "meanings": [ "yearning", "longing", "aspiration" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1453800, "examples": [ { "ja": "同時通訳が彼女の憧れだ。", "en": "Her dream is to become a simultaneous interpreter.", "tatoeba_id": 123676 }, { "ja": "彼は彼女の恵まれた才能にあこがれを抱いた。", "en": "He longed for her talented skills.", "tatoeba_id": 100924 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "83f385a0b23760e0bc39cc8739954537b49bcda8351a05959caac9f3f7379d47", "meanings": [ "憧憬", "向往" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "同時通訳が彼女の憧れだ。", "zh": "她向往成为同声传译。" }, { "ja": "彼は彼女の恵まれた才能にあこがれを抱いた。", "zh": "他羡慕她得天独厚的才能。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d290395bb6", "JMdict ent_seq 1453800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "723e924c1a0a3926fcbd052d6ba2eb82a26cc1e5cb7d06c5aa357fbc0f5e7383", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b5fbd85675", "word": "麻", "reading": "あさ", "romaji": "asa", "meanings": [ "flax", "linen", "hemp" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1524290, "examples": [ { "ja": "この服は麻でできている。", "en": "These clothes are made of linen." }, { "ja": "麻の布は涼しく感じられる。", "en": "Linen fabric feels cool." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "95e95a756ccb7b2deba14e6ea014e08baf7e5b4ce2329198082e9b70042d2195", "meanings": [ "麻", "麻布" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この服は麻でできている。", "zh": "这件衣服是麻制的。" }, { "ja": "麻の布は涼しく感じられる。", "zh": "麻布摸起来很凉爽。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b5fbd85675", "JMdict ent_seq 1524290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c2921768ff0c7a0508675ba88dd9cdceca38128710c7e20aa0b4ab354d2799e5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "13e5e36fd0", "word": "字", "reading": "あざ", "romaji": "aza", "meanings": [ "section of village" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1315120, "examples": [ { "ja": "住所の字を確認してください。", "en": "Please check the subdivision in the address." }, { "ja": "この地区には複数の字がある。", "en": "This district has several named subdivisions." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "14c8b8a7099969beb78e26fc841d9e748b1dd319d8c277e237753df727885682", "meanings": [ "小字", "村庄的小区域" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "住所の字を確認してください。", "zh": "请确认地址中的小字。" }, { "ja": "この地区には複数の字がある。", "zh": "这个地区有多个小字。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/13e5e36fd0", "JMdict ent_seq 1315120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fd722702d2712677f0c057cba90d7d469f001d1ba128644e21c60c9cbd97bdc0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f06b8ec290", "word": "朝寝坊", "reading": "あさねぼう", "romaji": "asanebou", "meanings": [ "oversleeping", "late riser" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1428410, "examples": [ { "ja": "朝寝坊が癖になった。", "furigana": "{朝寝坊|あさねぼう}が{癖|くせ}になった。", "en": "I took to sleeping late in the morning.", "tatoeba_id": 126169 }, { "ja": "彼は朝寝坊して学校に遅れた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{朝寝坊|あさねぼう}して{学校|がっこう}に{遅|おく}れた。", "en": "He got up late and was late for school.", "tatoeba_id": 102101 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fd4a36cb25f8f68f1414efa02cae67851e936f0c9272b1ddf409e42cd4b1cd8d", "meanings": [ "睡懒觉", "起晚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "朝寝坊が癖になった。", "zh": "睡懒觉成了习惯。" }, { "ja": "彼は朝寝坊して学校に遅れた。", "zh": "他起晚了，上学迟到了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f06b8ec290", "JMdict ent_seq 1428410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4bcef90ae8732f7947d281afe7aba9c6188f40986f368ff2f5483f89fe07d73c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "88828cefce", "word": "浅ましい", "reading": "あさましい", "romaji": "asamashii", "meanings": [ "wretched", "miserable", "shameful", "mean", "despicable", "abject" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1390810, "examples": [ { "ja": "人をだましてもうけるとは浅ましい。", "en": "It is shameful to profit by deceiving people." }, { "ja": "彼は浅ましい行いを恥じた。", "en": "He was ashamed of his despicable conduct." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7a9b9f43a770326710d68e1530f3ba692d7edb81e6db7b22bc318a43e8b0c883", "meanings": [ "卑鄙", "可耻", "凄惨" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人をだましてもうけるとは浅ましい。", "zh": "靠欺骗别人获利真可耻。" }, { "ja": "彼は浅ましい行いを恥じた。", "zh": "他为自己的卑劣行为感到羞耻。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/88828cefce", "JMdict ent_seq 1390810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "df6ee5996e75e4775b0f45bb6667ab7b78c1e832c7422e0558e1d187b2182854", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5f330190c2", "word": "欺く", "reading": "あざむく", "romaji": "azamuku", "meanings": [ "to deceive" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1225420, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は他人を欺くようなことはしない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{他人|たにん}を{欺|あざむ}くようなことはしない。", "en": "He is above deceiving others.", "tatoeba_id": 102606 }, { "ja": "私をあざむこうとしてもむだです。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}をあざむこうとしてもむだです。", "en": "It is no use trying to deceive me.", "tatoeba_id": 152176 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "16bda60ed57bedf48ea53c0022f139d39ab2a5e3e5022c83c14f5cc8df7ac6ee", "meanings": [ "欺骗" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は他人を欺くようなことはしない。", "zh": "他不会做欺骗别人的事。" }, { "ja": "私をあざむこうとしてもむだです。", "zh": "想骗我也是徒劳。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5f330190c2", "JMdict ent_seq 1225420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7146ac88d56a16b5e2a27f9388ef4737e5211eb04212364247c1543eb335250c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a7d4d501a5", "word": "鮮やか", "reading": "あざやか", "romaji": "azayaka", "meanings": [ "vivid", "clear", "brilliant" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1392500, "examples": [ { "ja": "月は鮮やかに輝いていた。", "en": "The moon was shining brightly.", "tatoeba_id": 175638 }, { "ja": "庭は花で色鮮やかである。", "furigana": "{庭|にわ}は{花|はな}で{色|いろ}{鮮|あざ}やかである。", "en": "The garden is bright with flowers.", "tatoeba_id": 125489 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f8bf835f42f01aac97eecca3b9e4039e7dbdc7bff46d964543275c5aca694b8e", "meanings": [ "鲜艳", "鲜明" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "月は鮮やかに輝いていた。", "zh": "月亮明亮地照耀着。" }, { "ja": "庭は花で色鮮やかである。", "zh": "花园里鲜花色彩鲜艳。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a7d4d501a5", "JMdict ent_seq 1392500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2614bd0ed03ee23a600e983261126872736537fd49c71d2e062011b7d21f39d3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9f51d0da76", "word": "あざ笑う", "reading": "あざわらう", "romaji": "azawarau", "meanings": [ "to sneer at", "to ridicule" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1565610, "examples": [ { "ja": "われわれは貧しい人をあざ笑ってはいけない。", "en": "We must not ridicule poor people." }, { "ja": "デニスはウィルソンさんの丸い顔をあざ笑う。", "furigana": "デニスはウィルソンさんの{丸|まる}い{顔|かお}をあざ{笑|わら}う。", "en": "Dennis laughs at Wilson's round face.", "tatoeba_id": 202195 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3999ec12e0578a93939138be58d4952e305744c8a0169150e07066e277b51026", "meanings": [ "嘲笑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "われわれは貧しい人をあざ笑ってはいけない。", "zh": "我们不应该嘲笑穷人。" }, { "ja": "デニスはウィルソンさんの丸い顔をあざ笑う。", "zh": "丹尼斯嘲笑威尔逊先生的圆脸。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9f51d0da76", "JMdict ent_seq 1565610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c9e400964e7191b998c4a9db69c438ee2e8f28c8aa803f6fa8d098046f8d6f6f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "940a36553f", "word": "味わい", "reading": "あじわい", "romaji": "ajiwai", "meanings": [ "flavour", "meaning", "significance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1527000, "examples": [ { "ja": "この酒には独特の味わいがある。", "en": "This liquor has a taste all of its own.", "tatoeba_id": 221266 }, { "ja": "この料理には深い味わいがある。", "en": "This dish has a rich flavor." }, { "ja": "古い建物には独特の味わいがある。", "en": "Old buildings have a distinctive charm." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8ba207b9bfcedb7277230d698a1e2d91919421c81d12338586a18c561d238e3f", "meanings": [ "味道", "趣味" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この酒には独特の味わいがある。", "zh": "这种酒有独特的风味。" }, { "ja": "この料理には深い味わいがある。", "zh": "这道菜味道醇厚。" }, { "ja": "古い建物には独特の味わいがある。", "zh": "老建筑有独特的韵味。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/940a36553f", "JMdict ent_seq 1527000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0cabca07f0c6da3662d4e5c137730c833238c743ccbfbaec089bf1c09dcfa711", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d0379ff55e", "word": "東", "reading": "あずま", "romaji": "azuma", "meanings": [ "east", "Eastern Japan" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1447430, "examples": [ { "ja": "都から東へ旅する。", "en": "I travel east from the capital." }, { "ja": "古い歌には東の地名が出てくる。", "en": "An old poem mentions a place in eastern Japan." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d31e4ae704bd29511be30347fa9c61428fdfe61bbaf010601099508063318bd7", "meanings": [ "东方", "日本东部" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "都から東へ旅する。", "zh": "我从都城向东旅行。" }, { "ja": "古い歌には東の地名が出てくる。", "zh": "古诗中出现了日本东部的地名。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d0379ff55e", "JMdict ent_seq 1447430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8e2e9ff4f4e4fd8b99b16052040f097f75d31c713064db590128f6272f901ac0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4905fc6f13", "word": "焦る", "reading": "あせる", "romaji": "aseru", "meanings": [ "to be in a hurry", "to be impatient" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1350780, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は遅れを取り戻そうと焦っている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{遅|おく}れを{取|と}り{戻|もど}そうと{焦|あせ}っている。", "en": "He's desperately trying to make up for the delay.", "tatoeba_id": 102186 }, { "ja": "売り上げを伸ばそうと焦らなくてもいい。", "furigana": "{売|う}り{上|あ}げを{伸|の}ばそうと{焦|あせ}らなくてもいい。", "en": "Don't worry about making lots of sales.", "tatoeba_id": 121477 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "16d7e880d6ae93aa7ccb1ba4fca13e1f90f1a8e027adf0d594812b3fb72cd748", "meanings": [ "焦急", "着急" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は遅れを取り戻そうと焦っている。", "zh": "他急于追回落后的进度。" }, { "ja": "売り上げを伸ばそうと焦らなくてもいい。", "zh": "不用急着增加销售额。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4905fc6f13", "JMdict ent_seq 1350780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "822645c90fd6aa90db9207b2bb424263fda9caa921c89c83b9b99112494406fd", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2b7ed7f48e", "word": "値", "reading": "あたい", "romaji": "atai", "meanings": [ "value", "price", "cost", "worth", "merit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1581630, "examples": [ { "ja": "君この車に高い値を付けすぎだよ。", "furigana": "{君|きみ}この{車|くるま}に{高|たか}い{値|あたい}を{付|つ}けすぎだよ。", "en": "You are asking too much for this car.", "tatoeba_id": 178838 }, { "ja": "ほかに値をつける人はいませんか。", "furigana": "ほかに{値|あたい}をつける{人|ひと}はいませんか。", "en": "Is anyone else bidding?", "tatoeba_id": 196437 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c68b5e6672a74209234ba7d16afa41c4b6a90f73cf6a506a0aa78d6958c1a18b", "meanings": [ "价格", "价值" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "君この車に高い値を付けすぎだよ。", "zh": "你给这辆车定价太高了。" }, { "ja": "ほかに値をつける人はいませんか。", "zh": "还有其他人出价吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2b7ed7f48e", "JMdict ent_seq 1581630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "45865b65b8d647814a59155a69223123a9d3dab70d7cb191e9c033fcae3e3429", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "92da7d5ed8", "word": "値する", "reading": "あたいする", "romaji": "ataisuru", "meanings": [ "to be worth", "to deserve", "to merit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vs-i", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1609040, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの博物館はくるに値する。", "furigana": "あの{博物館|はくぶつかん}はくるに{値|あたい}する。", "en": "That museum is worth visiting.", "tatoeba_id": 230496 }, { "ja": "あなたの提案は考慮するに値する。", "furigana": "あなたの{提案|ていあん}は{考慮|こうりょ}するに{値|あたい}する。", "en": "Your proposal is worthy of being considered.", "tatoeba_id": 233083 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "81ef989d4c22a20c2aa19784c3a73872c6fc69df921d20f1ecb14831b40fd6c0", "meanings": [ "值得" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの博物館はくるに値する。", "zh": "那座博物馆值得一去。" }, { "ja": "あなたの提案は考慮するに値する。", "zh": "你的提议值得考虑。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/92da7d5ed8", "JMdict ent_seq 1609040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "420b64d9576f4370d5fb56aa004b136a6b4c633bb806ef2e35d6f5741f8d0aad", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6859422547", "word": "私", "reading": "あたし", "romaji": "atashi", "meanings": [ "I (fem)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "pn" ], "jmdict_id": 1311125, "examples": [ { "ja": "この人、あたしをどなりつけるんですよ！", "furigana": "この{人|ひと}、あたしをどなりつけるんですよ！", "en": "This man's shouting at me!", "tatoeba_id": 221008 }, { "ja": "あたしは明日出かける。", "en": "I am going out tomorrow." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c27d41e786753c1bd132ae1536503a597e174e9c4f2be025dddbf189302b31a6", "meanings": [ "我（女性口语）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この人、あたしをどなりつけるんですよ！", "zh": "这个人冲我大喊大叫！" }, { "ja": "あたしは明日出かける。", "zh": "我明天要出门。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6859422547", "JMdict ent_seq 1311125; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "52569d0de1a9621e506a6cd6ba756d5ae3bcb56a304950c5219f22b5b996e835", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e7ce133582", "word": "当たり", "reading": "あたり", "romaji": "atari", "meanings": [ "hit", "success", "reaching the mark", "per ...", "vicinity", "neighborhood" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1448780, "examples": [ { "ja": "何回か当たりはあったが針にはかからなかった。", "furigana": "{何回|なんかい}か{当|あ}たりはあったが{針|はり}にはかからなかった。", "en": "I got several bites, but could not hook a fish.", "tatoeba_id": 187531 }, { "ja": "赤道における経度1度当たりの長さ。", "en": "Distance per degree of longitude at equator.", "tatoeba_id": 74909 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "53643959d2b2ae49a029f1f1a76260d16eeab376025982b741dd9c5813a8e2b2", "meanings": [ "中", "每", "鱼咬钩" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "何回か当たりはあったが針にはかからなかった。", "zh": "有好几次鱼咬钩，但没钓上来。" }, { "ja": "赤道における経度1度当たりの長さ。", "zh": "赤道上每一经度的长度。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e7ce133582", "JMdict ent_seq 1448780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cb3e5447b981eea81ea56b556526c8a69aadda5f501bc897544fea6911fb4035", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "あたり可指击中、鱼咬钩；数量词＋当たり表示“每……”。" } }, { "id": "91564706d0", "word": "悪化", "reading": "あっか", "romaji": "akka", "meanings": [ "deterioration", "growing worse", "aggravation", "degeneration", "corruption" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1151470, "examples": [ { "ja": "日が経つにつれて、天気は次第に悪化しつつあった。", "furigana": "{日|ひ}が{経|た}つにつれて、{天気|てんき}は{次第|しだい}に{悪化|あっか}しつつあった。", "en": "The weather was getting worse and worse as the day went on.", "tatoeba_id": 122956 }, { "ja": "自然環境の悪化を阻止しましょう。", "furigana": "{自然環境|しぜんかんきょう}の{悪化|あっか}を{阻止|そし}しましょう。", "en": "Let's stop the deterioration of the natural environment.", "tatoeba_id": 150091 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f3f93714c658e71092749a9d0427c0b2a698aef1462031edfd82c2aa846e462d", "meanings": [ "恶化" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "日が経つにつれて、天気は次第に悪化しつつあった。", "zh": "随着日子过去，天气渐渐恶化。" }, { "ja": "自然環境の悪化を阻止しましょう。", "zh": "让我们阻止自然环境恶化。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/91564706d0", "JMdict ent_seq 1151470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e469aab560a34eca0baa5f215073a94ca1327195f5bd1d57866be913aef03bfe", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f20f9cfea9", "word": "扱い", "reading": "あつかい", "romaji": "atsukai", "meanings": [ "treatment", "service" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1153430, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はピストルの扱いに注意を欠いた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はピストルの{扱|あつか}いに{注意|ちゅうい}を{欠|か}いた。", "en": "He was careless in handling his pistol.", "tatoeba_id": 111175 }, { "ja": "少年は厄介者扱いをされて憤慨した。", "furigana": "{少年|しょうねん}は{厄介者|やっかいもの}{扱|あつか}いをされて{憤慨|ふんがい}した。", "en": "The boy was fed up with being treated as a burden.", "tatoeba_id": 146511 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3257d07e40b6007b1ffb086c4ea7ea932c301ab1fcb4eb6c4b5e341d313675a1", "meanings": [ "处理", "对待" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はピストルの扱いに注意を欠いた。", "zh": "他使用手枪时不够小心。" }, { "ja": "少年は厄介者扱いをされて憤慨した。", "zh": "男孩因被当作麻烦人物对待而愤慨。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f20f9cfea9", "JMdict ent_seq 1153430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0a8d628ba33b509bf26b99a6c7dfd1287a8f56aa3fcd7f329cfc5a79b986c68a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "74fba72b6f", "word": "呆気ない", "reading": "あっけない", "romaji": "akkenai", "meanings": [ "not enough", "too quick (short, long, etc.)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1515600, "examples": [ { "ja": "休暇はいつもあっけなく終わる。", "furigana": "{休暇|きゅうか}はいつもあっけなく{終|お}わる。", "en": "The holidays always end all too soon.", "tatoeba_id": 182676 }, { "ja": "彼はあっけなく負けてしまった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はあっけなく{負|ま}けてしまった。", "en": "He was beaten too easily.", "tatoeba_id": 114946 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7dca25f5fef0a0d8a568d100d1fbc28556c8b99b4bf6e85a9616ebd4b7ce34a2", "meanings": [ "转眼就结束", "出乎意料地简单" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "休暇はいつもあっけなく終わる。", "zh": "假期总是转眼就结束了。" }, { "ja": "彼はあっけなく負けてしまった。", "zh": "他轻易地输了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/74fba72b6f", "JMdict ent_seq 1515600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "816454c4e1417793f4667de8526bdb34bc33050dd9b523c8e37545e4074bbd5d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "事态结束得过快或过于简单，令人意外或觉得不过瘾。" } }, { "id": "06dc06725b", "word": "悪口", "reading": "あっこう", "romaji": "akkou", "meanings": [ "abuse", "insult", "slander", "evil speaking" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 2862924, "examples": [ { "ja": "人の悪口を言ってはいけない。", "en": "You must not speak ill of others." }, { "ja": "悪口を聞いて彼は傷ついた。", "en": "He was hurt by the abusive remarks." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "48af733c4acb3fe5047f8d211c84b7de1bdf9e2fe11b0d125f98ca3f9d709f21", "meanings": [ "恶言", "辱骂" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人の悪口を言ってはいけない。", "zh": "不要说别人的坏话。" }, { "ja": "悪口を聞いて彼は傷ついた。", "zh": "听到那些恶言，他受伤了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/06dc06725b", "JMdict ent_seq 2862924; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "876a8ca59a08deb31f7d7a9d67be18c69b0a8653aafdfb7a7a32a243dcf63df6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bd0b0380dc", "word": "あっさり", "reading": "あっさり", "romaji": "assari", "meanings": [ "easily", "readily", "quickly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adv-to", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1000360, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はあっさり罪を白状した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はあっさり{罪|つみ}を{白状|はくじょう}した。", "en": "He confessed his crime frankly.", "tatoeba_id": 114945 }, { "ja": "彼はその問題をあっさり解いた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{問題|もんだい}をあっさり{解|と}いた。", "en": "He solved the difficult problem easily.", "tatoeba_id": 112353 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "dc7a141bc59667a6662219760afd035d1948f2dae71296aad8d47c7ea42c4152", "meanings": [ "爽快地", "清淡" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はあっさり罪を白状した。", "zh": "他痛快地承认了罪行。" }, { "ja": "彼はその問題をあっさり解いた。", "zh": "他轻松地解开了那个问题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bd0b0380dc", "JMdict ent_seq 1000360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "67709e777b5d9479904707b9f47763cb785f6cd4008ecacbf6c1186cf0bfa401", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "eab33fad07", "word": "圧迫", "reading": "あっぱく", "romaji": "appaku", "meanings": [ "pressure", "coercion", "oppression" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1153310, "examples": [ { "ja": "その政府は国民を圧迫した。", "furigana": "その{政府|せいふ}は{国民|こくみん}を{圧迫|あっぱく}した。", "en": "The government oppressed the people.", "tatoeba_id": 208677 }, { "ja": "物価の高騰が家計を圧迫している。", "furigana": "{物価|ぶっか}の{高騰|こうとう}が{家計|かけい}を{圧迫|あっぱく}している。", "en": "The rise in prices is pressing our family budget.", "tatoeba_id": 83800 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "529bfb92e39973cbb94a9885e939ac29caa57b4927179dd9f8e9cd562fd6be70", "meanings": [ "压迫", "压力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その政府は国民を圧迫した。", "zh": "那个政府压迫国民。" }, { "ja": "物価の高騰が家計を圧迫している。", "zh": "物价高涨给家庭开支带来压力。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/eab33fad07", "JMdict ent_seq 1153310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3cccf3aa11e1cf88320c9d44550e615e6c6fad37870ed19fcf0a442c887d7c86", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "08ef2a4717", "word": "アップ", "reading": "アップ", "romaji": "appu", "meanings": [ "up" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1016610, "examples": [ { "ja": "物価は毎日アップしている。", "furigana": "{物価|ぶっか}は{毎日|まいにち}アップしている。", "en": "Prices are going up every day.", "tatoeba_id": 83780 }, { "ja": "労働者たちは賃金アップを要求して団結した。", "furigana": "{労働者|ろうどうしゃ}たちは{賃金|ちんぎん}アップを{要求|ようきゅう}して{団結|だんけつ}した。", "en": "The workers united to demand higher wages.", "tatoeba_id": 77374 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fd4fe31e2da721dcee99e69acdff189fe509abce2c2875abc0ff4ff416319543", "meanings": [ "上升", "提高" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "物価は毎日アップしている。", "zh": "物价每天都在上涨。" }, { "ja": "労働者たちは賃金アップを要求して団結した。", "zh": "工人们团结起来要求加薪。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/08ef2a4717", "JMdict ent_seq 1016610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8433043976f21b0765afa1a5fee23b8363c7a06d298ba7fbb205cefa05844379", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "11fdbf024e", "word": "誂える", "reading": "あつらえる", "romaji": "atsuraeru", "meanings": [ "to give an order", "to place an order" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1572680, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はデパートでオーバーをあつらえた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はデパートでオーバーをあつらえた。", "en": "I ordered my overcoat from a department store.", "tatoeba_id": 159419 }, { "ja": "冬にグレーのスーツを１着あつらえる事を考えています。", "furigana": "{冬|ふゆ}にグレーのスーツを１{着|ちゃく}あつらえる{事|こと}を{考|かんが}えています。", "en": "I have it in mind to have a gray suit made to order for the winter.", "tatoeba_id": 124382 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b7f3a1fbf829561f7a2d8ded72d57360a7d57f998349d5bca08de1e5c4799a50", "meanings": [ "订做" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はデパートでオーバーをあつらえた。", "zh": "我在百货商店订做了大衣。" }, { "ja": "冬にグレーのスーツを１着あつらえる事を考えています。", "zh": "我正考虑冬天订做一套灰色西装。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/11fdbf024e", "JMdict ent_seq 1572680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b5f64a055448871d8f9b78a06ee7c0e5f8c4d4e33430cb784480eb0c82d3d5d2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cb8beba501", "word": "圧力", "reading": "あつりょく", "romaji": "atsuryoku", "meanings": [ "stress", "pressure" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1153340, "examples": [ { "ja": "橋が圧力で落ちた。", "furigana": "{橋|はし}が{圧力|あつりょく}で{落|お}ちた。", "en": "The bridge crashed under the pressure.", "tatoeba_id": 180139 }, { "ja": "その計画は世論の圧力で中止になった。", "en": "The plan was given up under the pressure of public opinion.", "tatoeba_id": 211237 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9683b246db94377d997584a307e103fb5d2df85dfcf144420fec52fa7334a13c", "meanings": [ "压力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "橋が圧力で落ちた。", "zh": "桥因压力而坍塌。" }, { "ja": "その計画は世論の圧力で中止になった。", "zh": "那项计划因舆论压力而取消。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cb8beba501", "JMdict ent_seq 1153340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e2ceb7107c040d1da8433329375396de915c90df2cd8f9949705dc1e46b7219d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3862e77007", "word": "宛", "reading": "あて", "romaji": "ate", "meanings": [ "addressed to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1448820, "examples": [ { "ja": "この手紙は母宛です。", "en": "This letter is addressed to my mother." }, { "ja": "その手紙は私宛に来た。", "en": "The letter is for me.", "tatoeba_id": 209496 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "61e1da190bc54f3b727b6b102e83e37871a677bf40638ac704deda59710103f8", "meanings": [ "收件人", "寄给" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この手紙は母宛です。", "zh": "这封信是寄给母亲的。" }, { "ja": "その手紙は私宛に来た。", "zh": "那封信是寄给我的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3862e77007", "JMdict ent_seq 1448820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e2e8eb9c12dcaa89164c894806338e5587c0ce943f0718be34e75bb813ae0e7e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "23f01f9d4e", "word": "当て", "reading": "あて", "romaji": "ate", "meanings": [ "object", "aim", "end", "hopes", "expectations" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1448820, "examples": [ { "ja": "その時計は正確で当てにできる。", "furigana": "その{時計|とけい}は{正確|せいかく}で{当|あ}てにできる。", "en": "The clock is accurate and reliable.", "tatoeba_id": 209721 }, { "ja": "この機械は当てにできません。", "furigana": "この{機械|きかい}は{当|あ}てにできません。", "en": "You can't rely on this machine.", "tatoeba_id": 222455 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "18ecf44f6f4743a4306feb35b7d0bb80b098a23bfec6b54ed747f7dfc6e4f037", "meanings": [ "指望", "依靠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その時計は正確で当てにできる。", "zh": "那只钟准确可靠。" }, { "ja": "この機械は当てにできません。", "zh": "这台机器靠不住。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/23f01f9d4e", "JMdict ent_seq 1448820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6e053ee80410673a0bcfa721a82d1d4a8039d07983af55a963f5a32d71334405", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f0e6460115", "word": "当て字", "reading": "あてじ", "romaji": "ateji", "meanings": [ "phonetic-equivalent character", "substitute character" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1448890, "examples": [ { "ja": "この漢字は音を借りた当て字です。", "en": "These kanji are used phonetically as ateji." }, { "ja": "当て字では字の意味と読みが一致しないことがある。", "en": "With ateji, the character’s meaning and reading may not correspond." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "40e8159f0e177bf5b754920095a0c05e5e71aa2813460d18760b43c167a91d18", "meanings": [ "假借字", "当て字" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この漢字は音を借りた当て字です。", "zh": "这个汉字是借用读音的假借字。" }, { "ja": "当て字では字の意味と読みが一致しないことがある。", "zh": "假借字中字义和读音有时并不对应。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f0e6460115", "JMdict ent_seq 1448890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ff3cd172dbc8b4988a44b3db2add3086160cfe583c6c4517eb1f5dc7b9f85652", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6a9a11e020", "word": "宛てる", "reading": "あてる", "romaji": "ateru", "meanings": [ "to address" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1153480, "examples": [ { "ja": "同一差出人から同一受取人に宛てて郵袋という、文字通り袋に印刷物を入れて郵送します。", "en": "A mailbag from a single sender addressed to one recipient, as the name suggests, is for delivering a bag of printed matter.", "tatoeba_id": 75843 }, { "ja": "友人に宛てて手紙を書いた。", "en": "I wrote a letter addressed to a friend." }, { "ja": "担当者に宛てて書類を送る。", "en": "Send the documents addressed to the person in charge." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "257ce7930c784a4d34ac54fc5d1a0b15dfa1e352916b62705ffce862167c2297", "meanings": [ "寄给", "写给" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "同一差出人から同一受取人に宛てて郵袋という、文字通り袋に印刷物を入れて郵送します。", "zh": "把印刷品装进名为邮袋的袋子，由同一寄件人寄给同一收件人。" }, { "ja": "友人に宛てて手紙を書いた。", "zh": "我写了一封信给朋友。" }, { "ja": "担当者に宛てて書類を送る。", "zh": "把文件寄给负责人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6a9a11e020", "JMdict ent_seq 1153480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "108c7ef1eefb590cc54d5fd66028f60a0c3bf535ecc01acb8c4e48ea1f4517db", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d4431c8350", "word": "跡継ぎ", "reading": "あとつぎ", "romaji": "atotsugi", "meanings": [ "heir", "successor" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1383690, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は店の跡継ぎを探している。", "en": "He is looking for a successor to the shop." }, { "ja": "長女が家業の跡継ぎになった。", "en": "The eldest daughter became the successor to the family business." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4858ec638758da8e38083e28b81353ec30c8e41e5dbd1e6665771fa31db7f5f3", "meanings": [ "继承人", "接班人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は店の跡継ぎを探している。", "zh": "他正在为店铺寻找接班人。" }, { "ja": "長女が家業の跡継ぎになった。", "zh": "长女成了家族事业的继承人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d4431c8350", "JMdict ent_seq 1383690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a56a0f5fcbede70a769f4c6b8753b7eca4d449d16e3f20b1b421ed08e342be94", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "20b715b301", "word": "後回し", "reading": "あとまわし", "romaji": "atomawashi", "meanings": [ "putting off", "postponing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1269500, "examples": [ { "ja": "その問題は後回しにしよう。", "furigana": "その{問題|もんだい}は{後回|あとまわ}しにしよう。", "en": "Let's leave that matter for later.", "tatoeba_id": 206431 }, { "ja": "その結論は後回しにした。", "furigana": "その{結論|けつろん}は{後回|あとまわ}しにした。", "en": "I put off the conclusion.", "tatoeba_id": 211101 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2d5a4c3e70013653b373cc753e1730234db5c0faa3d3a4da5905a397a36d7ef4", "meanings": [ "推迟", "放到后面" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その問題は後回しにしよう。", "zh": "那个问题先放一放吧。" }, { "ja": "その結論は後回しにした。", "zh": "结论推迟再作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/20b715b301", "JMdict ent_seq 1269500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "936d1328f8c593d2ab1768190e5dc83dc33cdbd26f0be5845d63104986c4380d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "06f6d3304a", "word": "油絵", "reading": "あぶらえ", "romaji": "aburae", "meanings": [ "oil painting" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1538630, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は油絵を始めた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{油絵|あぶらえ}を{始|はじ}めた。", "en": "She has taken to painting in oils.", "tatoeba_id": 86465 }, { "ja": "油絵は少し離れて見るとよく見える。", "furigana": "{油絵|あぶらえ}は{少|すこ}し{離|はな}れて{見|み}るとよく{見|み}える。", "en": "Oil paintings show to advantage at a distance.", "tatoeba_id": 79449 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e1af5c6c11b3c6053a2fd4ca89a8fec2488a7011adc879f10877f288cab69c59", "meanings": [ "油画" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は油絵を始めた。", "zh": "她开始画油画。" }, { "ja": "油絵は少し離れて見るとよく見える。", "zh": "油画稍微离远一点看更好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/06f6d3304a", "JMdict ent_seq 1538630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5636371c6c97da7fdebb05e368eb2398320ea39a5ca9849928643858e0666a29", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2143d1e370", "word": "アプローチ", "reading": "アプローチ", "romaji": "apuroochi", "meanings": [ "approach", "method", "approach shot in golf" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1018260, "examples": [ { "ja": "うまいアプローチだね。", "en": "That's a good approach.", "tatoeba_id": 228113 }, { "ja": "これらの図式は求職に関する様々なアプローチを示している。", "en": "These diagrams demonstrate different possible approaches to job seeking.", "tatoeba_id": 217846 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6c6a354672e800ff825fec51fa85cecb75feefce113f8e15b0fbfc3f2862fbc4", "meanings": [ "方法", "接近", "球道切球" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "うまいアプローチだね。", "zh": "这次切球打得不错。" }, { "ja": "これらの図式は求職に関する様々なアプローチを示している。", "zh": "这些图示显示了求职的各种方法。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2143d1e370", "JMdict ent_seq 1018260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c73899bcb9bb95c20b0df3a780469e90e17fa7d0f8b395d9e4f254fc43ee69bc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3d62f0758a", "word": "あべこべ", "reading": "あべこべ", "romaji": "abekobe", "meanings": [ "contrary", "opposite", "inverse" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1000470, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたはシャツをあべこべに着ている。", "furigana": "あなたはシャツをあべこべに{着|き}ている。", "en": "You are wearing your shirt inside out.", "tatoeba_id": 232676 }, { "ja": "靴下をあべこべに履いていた。", "en": "I had my socks on inside out." }, { "ja": "結果は予想とあべこべだった。", "en": "The result was the opposite of what I expected." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "30cbbaf250ee4e7c998cc125d9be1df8b596171fe6bd88b2f64363201202a9b8", "meanings": [ "颠倒", "相反" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたはシャツをあべこべに着ている。", "zh": "你把衬衫穿反了。" }, { "ja": "靴下をあべこべに履いていた。", "zh": "我把袜子穿反了。" }, { "ja": "結果は予想とあべこべだった。", "zh": "结果和预想相反。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3d62f0758a", "JMdict ent_seq 1000470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "66e0771608b16ca4d72e4a27551a93d86bd7942c77f1fb550b70ead5b79a0c57", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5869bef4e6", "word": "甘える", "reading": "あまえる", "romaji": "amaeru", "meanings": [ "to behave like a spoiled child", "to fawn on" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1213440, "examples": [ { "ja": "人の好意に甘えてはいけない。", "furigana": "{人|ひと}の{好意|こうい}に{甘|あま}えてはいけない。", "en": "Don't depend on others' kindness.", "tatoeba_id": 144610 }, { "ja": "少女は母親に甘えた。", "furigana": "{少女|しょうじょ}は{母親|ははおや}に{甘|あま}えた。", "en": "The girl played the baby to her mother.", "tatoeba_id": 146675 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a51a10d77eced9d18dd52d702b1d96f1f87f25d504857ecdce938b82c422841e", "meanings": [ "撒娇", "依赖" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人の好意に甘えてはいけない。", "zh": "不能依赖别人的好意。" }, { "ja": "少女は母親に甘えた。", "zh": "女孩向母亲撒娇。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5869bef4e6", "JMdict ent_seq 1213440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "48ac7c86421fb20a047474154072ee722c2c3da7d0bd79dd5d99043bf7ab7e86", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "向他人撒娇或依赖其好意；常用人の好意に甘える。" } }, { "id": "b8e8053584", "word": "雨具", "reading": "あまぐ", "romaji": "amagu", "meanings": [ "rain gear" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1171940, "examples": [ { "ja": "雨具をお持ちになりましたか。", "en": "Do you have rain gear with you?", "tatoeba_id": 189528 }, { "ja": "忘れずに雨具をもってきてください。", "furigana": "{忘|わす}れずに{雨具|あまぐ}をもってきてください。", "en": "Be sure to bring rain gear.", "tatoeba_id": 82579 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6338171a384c309b71f26b2250a1ea4f20dbb0d205cfaeeb5da4b7c1a29591cf", "meanings": [ "雨具" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "雨具をお持ちになりましたか。", "zh": "您带雨具了吗？" }, { "ja": "忘れずに雨具をもってきてください。", "zh": "别忘了带雨具。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b8e8053584", "JMdict ent_seq 1171940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "dcfd4a0ff5881c4fd3c7941b953608c9f43a2604b32ac92ecd1679408db58a6c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b4f987e2d7", "word": "甘口", "reading": "あまくち", "romaji": "amakuchi", "meanings": [ "sweet flavour", "mildness", "flattery", "stupidity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1213510, "examples": [ { "ja": "そんな甘口には乗らないよ。", "furigana": "そんな{甘口|あまくち}には{乗|の}らないよ。", "en": "That sort of flattery will get you nowhere.", "tatoeba_id": 76592 }, { "ja": "「ドイツワインは甘口が多く料理に合わない」というイメージが広まっている。", "furigana": "「ドイツワインは{甘口|あまくち}が{多|おお}く{料理|りょうり}に{合|あ}わない」というイメージが{広|ひろ}まっている。", "en": "The impression that many German wines are sweet, and don't go well with food, is widespread.", "tatoeba_id": 463670 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "59db17add7c18ce1c6bbac1acf8c32e2d4a4cc5726d314ff5d08fbd69c15fe2b", "meanings": [ "甜味", "奉承" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そんな甘口には乗らないよ。", "zh": "我不会被那种甜言蜜语哄骗。" }, { "ja": "「ドイツワインは甘口が多く料理に合わない」というイメージが広まっている。", "zh": "“德国葡萄酒多偏甜，不适合配菜”的印象已经流传开来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b4f987e2d7", "JMdict ent_seq 1213510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2830d11417226c5c118a06c1b46c4323c07aa3eb7dfd5c3e1ef543344ffb80e1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "可指味道偏甜，也可指奉承话；根据语境区分。" } }, { "id": "78ba852907", "word": "アマチュア", "reading": "アマチュア", "romaji": "amachua", "meanings": [ "amateur" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1018550, "examples": [ { "ja": "私のおじはアマチュアのクリケット選手です。", "en": "My uncle is an amateur cricket player.", "tatoeba_id": 164263 }, { "ja": "あなたはプロだが私はアマチュアだ。", "furigana": "あなたはプロだが{私|わたし}はアマチュアだ。", "en": "You are a professional, but I am an amateur.", "tatoeba_id": 232404 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6c7faab63474ea53d9dc4a66d28f1b2b7cc730693ad9911a5e2d2f6a84f4929e", "meanings": [ "业余爱好者" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私のおじはアマチュアのクリケット選手です。", "zh": "我叔叔是业余板球运动员。" }, { "ja": "あなたはプロだが私はアマチュアだ。", "zh": "你是专业人士，我是业余爱好者。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/78ba852907", "JMdict ent_seq 1018550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c6e133b4840a9358058d7f42887c0c5d7a0b8070b8c2494a76a0daa37d4dcd3f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4570b0ab6b", "word": "天津", "reading": "あまつ", "romaji": "amatsu", "meanings": [ "heavenly", "imperial" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-f" ], "jmdict_id": 1438200, "examples": [ { "ja": "天津神を祭る神社を訪ねた。", "en": "I visited a shrine dedicated to heavenly deities." }, { "ja": "古い物語に天津神が登場する。", "en": "Heavenly deities appear in the old story." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3569e8c3c2014a842dea57e45eb5e2fc6fb542ae6d2e3eb5cc331230f41e285b", "meanings": [ "天上的", "皇家的" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "天津神を祭る神社を訪ねた。", "zh": "我参访了祭祀天神的神社。" }, { "ja": "古い物語に天津神が登場する。", "zh": "古老的故事中出现了天神。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4570b0ab6b", "JMdict ent_seq 1438200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "af3af18842386a9004c9acf01e0844ccd39ff7ab4fa6bb9c37de49a51e6ff2e1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "925a73e9ad", "word": "網", "reading": "あみ", "romaji": "ami", "meanings": [ "net", "network" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1534380, "examples": [ { "ja": "網にかかったものは何でも魚だ。", "furigana": "{網|あみ}にかかったものは{何|なん}でも{魚|さかな}だ。", "en": "All's fish that comes to the net.", "tatoeba_id": 80154 }, { "ja": "彼女は網を張らないで綱渡りに挑んだ。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{網|あみ}を{張|は}らないで{綱渡|つなわた}りに{挑|いど}んだ。", "en": "She dared to walk the tightrope without a net.", "tatoeba_id": 86538 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1f49c77aaf2c8084ced1b417a7f9b3c4897eeffdf2a6d747c2a6223d9971f54d", "meanings": [ "网" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "網にかかったものは何でも魚だ。", "zh": "进了网的都是鱼。" }, { "ja": "彼女は網を張らないで綱渡りに挑んだ。", "zh": "她挑战不设安全网走钢丝。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/925a73e9ad", "JMdict ent_seq 1534380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "49b8be0a2dbdb2b50c43b7814f1a210fbd5349069bd669ee484e1824daeb63d3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7c9023df23", "word": "操る", "reading": "あやつる", "romaji": "ayatsuru", "meanings": [ "to manipulate", "to operate", "to pull strings" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1400010, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの通訳は５か国語を自由に操る。", "furigana": "あの{通訳|つうやく}は５か{国語|こくご}を{自由|じゆう}に{操|あやつ}る。", "en": "That interpreter is a master of five languages.", "tatoeba_id": 230569 }, { "ja": "儲けようとする投機筋に操られているのです。", "furigana": "{儲|もう}けようとする{投機筋|とうきすじ}に{操|あやつ}られているのです。", "en": "It's being manipulated by investors trying to make it rich.", "tatoeba_id": 74170 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "aa19d0085511c0519864f610a13418afd3d952260b97a1cebc427dbd7ef3bb2e", "meanings": [ "操纵", "熟练运用" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの通訳は５か国語を自由に操る。", "zh": "那位口译员能自如运用五种语言。" }, { "ja": "儲けようとする投機筋に操られているのです。", "zh": "这是被谋利的投机者操纵的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7c9023df23", "JMdict ent_seq 1400010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "18f52dec782bd7981245cadc6984ed979643fe3dd2c41632ed60535059af36b1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "既可指操纵器械或人物，也可指熟练运用语言。" } }, { "id": "e5eb0f470b", "word": "危ぶむ", "reading": "あやぶむ", "romaji": "ayabumu", "meanings": [ "to fear", "to have misgivings", "to be doubtful", "to mistrust" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1218410, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は死んでいるのではないかと危ぶまれている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{死|し}んでいるのではないかと{危|あや}ぶまれている。", "en": "They fear that he may be dead.", "tatoeba_id": 106454 }, { "ja": "私は彼の成功を危ぶむ。", "en": "I am doubtful of his success.", "tatoeba_id": 153846 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c6c7d0dd629c8238e938939fff662de1b9486f07a786ea90a174213f0a68f12f", "meanings": [ "担心", "怀疑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は死んでいるのではないかと危ぶまれている。", "zh": "人们担心他可能已经去世。" }, { "ja": "私は彼の成功を危ぶむ。", "zh": "我担心他能否成功。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e5eb0f470b", "JMdict ent_seq 1218410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "88c7b8aadc8831d1ceae6b19d7760ba7586a5c9c105fef95582b513515bdb67a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5d74f8516a", "word": "あやふや", "reading": "あやふや", "romaji": "ayafuya", "meanings": [ "uncertain", "vague", "ambiguous" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1000510, "examples": [ { "ja": "あやふやな手つきで一枚の紙を動かした。", "furigana": "あやふやな{手|て}つきで{一枚|いちまい}の{紙|かみ}を{動|うご}かした。", "en": "She fumbled with a piece of paper.", "tatoeba_id": 230082 }, { "ja": "説明があやふやでよく分からない。", "en": "The explanation is vague and hard to understand." }, { "ja": "記憶があやふやになっている。", "en": "My memory has become hazy." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "644663231b553c6f30190aeac3c176f7a039883b62efe1c285837fe096bff8fd", "meanings": [ "含糊", "不确定" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あやふやな手つきで一枚の紙を動かした。", "zh": "他用不确定的手势移动了一张纸。" }, { "ja": "説明があやふやでよく分からない。", "zh": "说明含糊，让人不太明白。" }, { "ja": "記憶があやふやになっている。", "zh": "我的记忆变得模糊了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5d74f8516a", "JMdict ent_seq 1000510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f81b96eb88da43fa38be51485d9521924cafdccc69424f74c5edbdf046e08a75", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6137659b2a", "word": "過ち", "reading": "あやまち", "romaji": "ayamachi", "meanings": [ "fault", "error", "indiscretion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1196010, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は過ちをあからさまに白状した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{過|あやま}ちをあからさまに{白状|はくじょう}した。", "en": "He openly confessed his faults.", "tatoeba_id": 118664 }, { "ja": "私は彼の過ちはたいしたことはないとみなしている。", "en": "I view his error as insignificant.", "tatoeba_id": 153981 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7752a18f36d9eb10eefd78218e6687d1a0ab2a97b31e1348c69b686726ab677c", "meanings": [ "错误", "过失" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は過ちをあからさまに白状した。", "zh": "他坦率地承认了错误。" }, { "ja": "私は彼の過ちはたいしたことはないとみなしている。", "zh": "我认为他的过错不严重。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6137659b2a", "JMdict ent_seq 1196010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "dfbc0f19f9a48aab43fbe6f05f475fcb11e583828fbc1f2751bf97cb40c11916", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "28a4658761", "word": "誤る", "reading": "あやまる", "romaji": "ayamaru", "meanings": [ "to make a mistake" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1271300, "examples": [ { "ja": "戦争は誤った政策から起こった。", "furigana": "{戦争|せんそう}は{誤|あやま}った{政策|せいさく}から{起|お}こった。", "en": "The war resulted from a mistaken policy.", "tatoeba_id": 141264 }, { "ja": "彼は判断を誤った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{判断|はんだん}を{誤|あやま}った。", "en": "He erred in his judgement.", "tatoeba_id": 101230 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2c95ada94ecd521e96f0e1c684779fe9fdc8318cb8bbb20c407ebe4289036c29", "meanings": [ "弄错", "犯错" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "戦争は誤った政策から起こった。", "zh": "战争由错误的政策引起。" }, { "ja": "彼は判断を誤った。", "zh": "他判断失误了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/28a4658761", "JMdict ent_seq 1271300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fec61130385ebb89c32e4b34beb881890fbb7dfd26f7e0f039d0324bf0a2cb39", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e4007809a1", "word": "歩み", "reading": "あゆみ", "romaji": "ayumi", "meanings": [ "walking" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1514330, "examples": [ { "ja": "何て歩みののろいやつだろう。", "furigana": "{何|なん}て{歩|あゆ}みののろいやつだろう。", "en": "How slow you are!", "tatoeba_id": 187812 }, { "ja": "入試制度の改革、カリキュラムの改革は着々と進んでいるが、歩みは遅い。", "en": "The reform of both entrance examination system and curriculum makes slow progress.", "tatoeba_id": 122065 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1ed6be3504041456accde62b09b76fe4f1d2db3b4802fc84775ce1273af85d7c", "meanings": [ "步伐", "进展" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "何て歩みののろいやつだろう。", "zh": "走得真慢啊。" }, { "ja": "入試制度の改革、カリキュラムの改革は着々と進んでいるが、歩みは遅い。", "zh": "入学考试制度和课程改革正在稳步推进，但步伐缓慢。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e4007809a1", "JMdict ent_seq 1514330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4c593704114478280d47e2fa147f38030a1f5cfeb9171d347942d2695fdf5898", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "可指行走的步伐，也可比喻事情的发展进度。" } }, { "id": "9de629082f", "word": "歩む", "reading": "あゆむ", "romaji": "ayumu", "meanings": [ "to walk", "to go on foot" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1514360, "examples": [ { "ja": "ビルはあの会社の社長になるまで成功への道を歩み続けた。", "furigana": "ビルはあの{会社|かいしゃ}の{社長|しゃちょう}になるまで{成功|せいこう}への{道|みち}を{歩|あゆ}み{続|つづ}けた。", "en": "Bill climbed the ladder of success until he became the president of the company.", "tatoeba_id": 197369 }, { "ja": "近代医学の進歩は長い道程を歩んだ。", "furigana": "{近代|きんだい}{医学|いがく}の{進歩|しんぽ}は{長|なが}い{道程|みちのり}を{歩|あゆ}んだ。", "en": "The advancement of modern medicine was a long process.", "tatoeba_id": 179801 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fa3fcb7f7611d824930bcb4ae7ab499cfe4825dbd57d9f0198e6fddd31bc3948", "meanings": [ "行走", "走过" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ビルはあの会社の社長になるまで成功への道を歩み続けた。", "zh": "比尔不断走在成功的道路上，直到成为那家公司的社长。" }, { "ja": "近代医学の進歩は長い道程を歩んだ。", "zh": "现代医学的进步经历了漫长的历程。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9de629082f", "JMdict ent_seq 1514360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "980367d64a9d48d4ec9250cb71f02087e67f25182a2013ad06d55fb3eb0f7dac", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "64eb41fae7", "word": "あら", "reading": "あら", "romaji": "ara", "meanings": [ "oh", "ah", "saw-edged perch (Niphon spinosus)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "int" ], "jmdict_id": 1000520, "examples": [ { "ja": "あら、アンジェラと呼んでください。", "furigana": "あら、アンジェラと{呼|よ}んでください。", "en": "Oh, please call me Angela.", "tatoeba_id": 230079 }, { "ja": "あら、かっこよく決めているわね。", "furigana": "あら、かっこよく{決|き}めているわね。", "en": "Wow, you're dressed to kill.", "tatoeba_id": 230078 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8bb29a8ebffb51004c59165d89ddf88aa3719b1ea91232615895e4c781618903", "meanings": [ "哎呀", "啊" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あら、アンジェラと呼んでください。", "zh": "啊，请叫我安吉拉。" }, { "ja": "あら、かっこよく決めているわね。", "zh": "哎呀，打扮得很帅气呢。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/64eb41fae7", "JMdict ent_seq 1000520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "99e76acbda6c07aab2bb19e47d319ebac84185bac87510d2ac3982acef0e6f42", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d91254a19e", "word": "予め", "reading": "あらかじめ", "romaji": "arakajime", "meanings": [ "beforehand", "in advance", "previously" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1542860, "examples": [ { "ja": "休暇の計画を予め立てている。", "furigana": "{休暇|きゅうか}の{計画|けいかく}を{予|あらかじ}め{立|た}てている。", "en": "We are making advance plans for our holidays.", "tatoeba_id": 75268 }, { "ja": "私たちはあらかじめスナックを用意しておいた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちはあらかじめスナックを{用意|ようい}しておいた。", "en": "We prepared snacks beforehand.", "tatoeba_id": 166624 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "aef7d1ebf2d0354511eefcf91f29c0b0e4c9c9b14b81adf9b4dd933ae9543885", "meanings": [ "预先", "事先" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "休暇の計画を予め立てている。", "zh": "我提前制定假期计划。" }, { "ja": "私たちはあらかじめスナックを用意しておいた。", "zh": "我们事先准备了点心。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d91254a19e", "JMdict ent_seq 1542860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b90f03d799b524a8916f23381209f447678e3e61d7a37aeed2e959f41403848b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8a11bf912f", "word": "荒らす", "reading": "あらす", "romaji": "arasu", "meanings": [ "to lay waste", "to devastate", "to damage", "to invade", "to break into" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1281480, "examples": [ { "ja": "掲示板を荒らす人の精神状態がわかりません。", "furigana": "{掲示板|けいじばん}を{荒|あ}らす{人|ひと}の{精神状態|せいしんじょうたい}がわかりません。", "en": "I just don't understand what goes through the minds of people who troll forums.", "tatoeba_id": 75037 }, { "ja": "彼らは私の果実園を荒らした。", "en": "They robbed my orchard.", "tatoeba_id": 97010 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "90ee500627ea6462f24c0e03c656de641f26e2746964be908fc9c934b800cb23", "meanings": [ "破坏", "捣乱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "掲示板を荒らす人の精神状態がわかりません。", "zh": "我不理解在留言板捣乱的人的心理状态。" }, { "ja": "彼らは私の果実園を荒らした。", "zh": "他们破坏了我的果园。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8a11bf912f", "JMdict ent_seq 1281480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "abbd6a751854c97702055d0ceaf89f5453afc36262112d24601f240f536aaa18", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "632cd5989c", "word": "争い", "reading": "あらそい", "romaji": "arasoi", "meanings": [ "dispute", "strife", "quarrel", "dissension", "conflict", "rivalry", "contest" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1400560, "examples": [ { "ja": "金銭のことで彼と争いになった。", "furigana": "{金銭|きんせん}のことで{彼|かれ}と{争|あらそ}いになった。", "en": "I had a quarrel with him over money.", "tatoeba_id": 179651 }, { "ja": "ポスト争いは厳しい。", "furigana": "ポスト{争|あらそ}いは{厳|きび}しい。", "en": "Competition for the position is very intense.", "tatoeba_id": 196264 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3699656103306c99797702d4e9ee9cc2a5db518ab457369a669460c07338c3be", "meanings": [ "争斗", "争议" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "金銭のことで彼と争いになった。", "zh": "我因为钱的事和他发生了争执。" }, { "ja": "ポスト争いは厳しい。", "zh": "职位之争很激烈。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/632cd5989c", "JMdict ent_seq 1400560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3566f3894e0838635b65e4c35d9168e14e4ed9af8b23490b4351bfc3a579825a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a0c307e58b", "word": "改まる", "reading": "あらたまる", "romaji": "aratamaru", "meanings": [ "to be renewed" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1200730, "examples": [ { "ja": "長年の習慣はなかなか改まらない。", "furigana": "{長年|ながねん}の{習慣|しゅうかん}はなかなか{改|あらた}まらない。", "en": "Old habits die hard.", "tatoeba_id": 125860 }, { "ja": "悪い習慣が少しずつ改まった。", "en": "The bad habit gradually improved." }, { "ja": "年が改まって新しい計画を立てた。", "en": "With the new year, I made a new plan." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "dcb30914a14cdb2dce4ce7b6d4a866a7b318ab24c3a15312f70972f3b887302f", "meanings": [ "改变", "改正" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "長年の習慣はなかなか改まらない。", "zh": "多年的习惯很难改变。" }, { "ja": "悪い習慣が少しずつ改まった。", "zh": "坏习惯逐渐改掉了。" }, { "ja": "年が改まって新しい計画を立てた。", "zh": "新年到来，我制定了新的计划。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a0c307e58b", "JMdict ent_seq 1200730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "80e5878070f07bef36c084887aa31146a5156eecb8a2acd014f7cefde8f71fa7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a3363e4ffe", "word": "荒っぽい", "reading": "あらっぽい", "romaji": "arappoi", "meanings": [ "rough", "rude" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1281470, "examples": [ { "ja": "ボクシングは必ずしも荒っぽいスポーツではない。", "furigana": "ボクシングは{必|かなら}ずしも{荒|あら}っぽいスポーツではない。", "en": "Boxing is not always a rough sport.", "tatoeba_id": 196405 }, { "ja": "荒っぽい運転は危険だ。", "en": "Rough driving is dangerous." }, { "ja": "彼の説明は少し荒っぽい。", "en": "His explanation is a little rough." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1dd899f52e89d69486dc761ed735a0ccbdb40250f6199936e25db8d4bf798411", "meanings": [ "粗暴", "粗糙" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ボクシングは必ずしも荒っぽいスポーツではない。", "zh": "拳击不一定是粗暴的运动。" }, { "ja": "荒っぽい運転は危険だ。", "zh": "粗暴驾驶很危险。" }, { "ja": "彼の説明は少し荒っぽい。", "zh": "他的说明有点粗略。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a3363e4ffe", "JMdict ent_seq 1281470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "893d665acecac4fa3770a3f91685f5ace7cf0b2597a26191af775198c8616776", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ce34129fb9", "word": "アラブ", "reading": "アラブ", "romaji": "arabu", "meanings": [ "Arab" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1019060, "examples": [ { "ja": "日本は石油をアラブ諸国に頼っている。", "en": "Japan relies on Arab countries for oil.", "tatoeba_id": 122440 }, { "ja": "彼はアラブの歴史を研究している。", "en": "He studies Arab history." }, { "ja": "会議にはアラブ諸国の代表が出席した。", "en": "Representatives of Arab countries attended the meeting." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5101e1526f344d754a32cada9fa7e5683bedf571cffc381eb939afaaeedd6dc0", "meanings": [ "阿拉伯" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "日本は石油をアラブ諸国に頼っている。", "zh": "日本依赖阿拉伯国家供应石油。" }, { "ja": "彼はアラブの歴史を研究している。", "zh": "他研究阿拉伯历史。" }, { "ja": "会議にはアラブ諸国の代表が出席した。", "zh": "阿拉伯各国代表出席了会议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ce34129fb9", "JMdict ent_seq 1019060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "606d4d438fdefca9f4c5e706ad344e3768134c88f90f927a915c8b24fef57064", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "61a475aebb", "word": "あられ", "reading": "あられ", "romaji": "arare", "meanings": [ "graupel", "hail pellets", "rice cracker" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1574100, "examples": [ { "ja": "突然敵の爆弾が雨あられと我々に降り注いだ。", "en": "All of a sudden, the enemy bombs came down on us like rain.", "tatoeba_id": 123287 }, { "ja": "空からあられが降ってきた。", "en": "Graupel began to fall from the sky." }, { "ja": "あられが地面に積もった。", "en": "Graupel accumulated on the ground." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d4cac1183c7884c1c7c139a4e668aa3f08210cba3335ea1d97da4c597158f8a4", "meanings": [ "霰", "霰粒" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "突然敵の爆弾が雨あられと我々に降り注いだ。", "zh": "敌人的炸弹突然像雨点和霰粒一样向我们倾泻。" }, { "ja": "空からあられが降ってきた。", "zh": "天空开始下霰。" }, { "ja": "あられが地面に積もった。", "zh": "霰粒积在了地上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/61a475aebb", "JMdict ent_seq 1574100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5ed4b4b11f316826e0b7990a170c7c287ba7a9370a8aaa89e3bdd4d9f320eac8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "92893bbd77", "word": "有様", "reading": "ありさま", "romaji": "arisama", "meanings": [ "state", "condition", "circumstances", "the way things are or should be", "truth" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1541060, "examples": [ { "ja": "それはさんたんたる有様だった。", "furigana": "それはさんたんたる{有様|ありさま}だった。", "en": "That was a fearful scene.", "tatoeba_id": 205503 }, { "ja": "彼女は哀れを誘う有様だった。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{哀|あわ}れを{誘|さそ}う{有様|ありさま}だった。", "en": "She was in a piteous state.", "tatoeba_id": 74068 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1c76ab9fb6f28dc8e5fc7de62f53f20f1eb26de3516de7fe2085450c1df912d6", "meanings": [ "状况", "惨状" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それはさんたんたる有様だった。", "zh": "那是一副惨状。" }, { "ja": "彼女は哀れを誘う有様だった。", "zh": "她的样子令人怜悯。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/92893bbd77", "JMdict ent_seq 1541060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3a281822b104fbab0436b1bbf7d64485bdf9211a83f4992171cf4d8043f5d8d7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "085d431d0a", "word": "ありのまま", "reading": "ありのまま", "romaji": "arinomama", "meanings": [ "the truth", "fact", "as it is", "frankly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "adv", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1541000, "other_forms": [ "有りのまま" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ありのままの事実を伝えることは難しい。", "furigana": "ありのままの{事実|じじつ}を{伝|つた}えることは{難|むずか}しい。", "en": "It is difficult to tell the bare facts.", "tatoeba_id": 229967 }, { "ja": "彼は事実をありのままに述べた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{事実|じじつ}をありのままに{述|の}べた。", "en": "He gave a bald statement of the facts.", "tatoeba_id": 105351 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e6391aed3cf3f69dd4e18cdc890720a918c63212155ab7b789bfcc46f7bf8355", "meanings": [ "原原本本", "如实" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ありのままの事実を伝えることは難しい。", "zh": "传达事实的原貌很难。" }, { "ja": "彼は事実をありのままに述べた。", "zh": "他如实叙述了事实。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/085d431d0a", "JMdict ent_seq 1541000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "68ff81e0fab05f11e451c92b3c1d282ba44029b12fd46d501c0993ee4af84430", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "aca834a881", "word": "アルカリ", "reading": "アルカリ", "romaji": "arukari", "meanings": [ "alkali" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1019210, "examples": [ { "ja": "アルカリは酸を中和する。", "furigana": "アルカリは{酸|さん}を{中和|ちゅうわ}する。", "en": "Alkalis neutralize acids.", "tatoeba_id": 76887 }, { "ja": "小学校のときから、酸性・アルカリ性という性質をリトマス紙で調べたりしてきていますね。", "furigana": "{小学校|しょうがっこう}のときから、{酸性|さんせい}・アルカリ{性|せい}という{性質|せいしつ}をリトマス{紙|し}で{調|しら}べたりしてきていますね。", "en": "Since primary school we've been checking for the qualities known as acidity and alkalinity with litmus paper.", "tatoeba_id": 74266 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9923cc9a36ff670b58cc0953029105803d5e61a592e76b4496e57156daa005c7", "meanings": [ "碱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アルカリは酸を中和する。", "zh": "碱能中和酸。" }, { "ja": "小学校のときから、酸性・アルカリ性という性質をリトマス紙で調べたりしてきていますね。", "zh": "从小学开始，我们就用石蕊试纸检测酸性和碱性等性质。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aca834a881", "JMdict ent_seq 1019210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9644082ca73a80f22aada735b110751c808b968caeac4bebe4a95e84a0afca8f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bb6e76c774", "word": "アルミ", "reading": "アルミ", "romaji": "arumi", "meanings": [ "aluminum (Al)", "aluminium" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1019620, "examples": [ { "ja": "アルミニウム、マグネシウム、シリコンなどの粉末が爆発する。", "furigana": "アルミニウム、マグネシウム、シリコンなどの{粉末|ふんまつ}が{爆発|ばくはつ}する。", "en": "Powders of aluminium, magnesium, silicon, etc. explode.", "tatoeba_id": 74253 }, { "ja": "アルミは金属です。", "en": "Aluminium is a metal.", "tatoeba_id": 2465578 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8398f387378b1ae359c64b34de529590e758ce444d8fe2ced7b20aa088468786", "meanings": [ "铝" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アルミニウム、マグネシウム、シリコンなどの粉末が爆発する。", "zh": "铝、镁和硅等粉末会爆炸。" }, { "ja": "アルミは金属です。", "zh": "铝是金属。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bb6e76c774", "JMdict ent_seq 1019620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "408f0a240dcecf58889a658d3650f2cc6eb595c204f9a2a21815d18cdc15bf94", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c7318ae6de", "word": "アワー", "reading": "アワー", "romaji": "awaa", "meanings": [ "hour" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1019840, "examples": [ { "ja": "ラッシュアワーの交通渋滞にあった。", "furigana": "ラッシュアワーの{交通渋滞|こうつうじゅうたい}にあった。", "en": "I was caught in the rush hour.", "tatoeba_id": 192577 }, { "ja": "ラッシュアワーにでくわすのは最低だ。", "furigana": "ラッシュアワーにでくわすのは{最低|さいてい}だ。", "en": "It's horrible to get caught in rush hour traffic.", "tatoeba_id": 192579 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e24065247e5385e3f419ae8c96593ae247b9adb5140371479088a0e0bd674ae2", "meanings": [ "小时" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ラッシュアワーの交通渋滞にあった。", "zh": "我遇到了高峰时段的交通堵塞。" }, { "ja": "ラッシュアワーにでくわすのは最低だ。", "zh": "遇上高峰时段真糟糕。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c7318ae6de", "JMdict ent_seq 1019840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4320d0fa7df976805dc4d0bdc6dbab4223b759536d3b77d3798eb660cf93197f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "dbffd52c9b", "word": "合わす", "reading": "あわす", "romaji": "awasu", "meanings": [ "to join together", "to face", "to unite", "to be opposite", "to combine", "to connect", "to add up", "to mix", "to match" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1284460, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその破片をくっつけ合わした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{破片|はへん}をくっつけ{合|あ}わした。", "en": "He stuck the broken pieces together.", "tatoeba_id": 112458 }, { "ja": "私は収支を合わすのに苦労しました。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{収支|しゅうし}を{合|あ}わすのに{苦労|くろう}しました。", "en": "I had a hard time making both ends meet.", "tatoeba_id": 156045 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "802ac6bd6a0f462abf2dea6b3d1deda48100dede52dbd63fefb822030b27dcce", "meanings": [ "合并", "配合" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその破片をくっつけ合わした。", "zh": "他把碎片拼在一起。" }, { "ja": "私は収支を合わすのに苦労しました。", "zh": "我费力地平衡收支。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dbffd52c9b", "JMdict ent_seq 1284460; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "94ef24e36b066c98a59222c7d71247e48179276a39c9fd1b96b12261676f7457", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3044b84bf6", "word": "合わせ", "reading": "あわせ", "romaji": "awase", "meanings": [ "joint together", "opposite", "facing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf", "pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1284470, "examples": [ { "ja": "二つの布を合わせにした。", "en": "I put the two pieces of cloth together." }, { "ja": "合わせの着物を着た。", "en": "I wore a lined kimono." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "367ca87862924556b00f3d4385246bea62708157785ba6f4a6b374c8619e7b78", "meanings": [ "合在一起", "合计" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "二つの布を合わせにした。", "zh": "我把两块布合在一起。" }, { "ja": "合わせの着物を着た。", "zh": "我穿了夹里和服。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3044b84bf6", "JMdict ent_seq 1284470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "89358eb72c6dca5bdbb8d821ea7583c6ab803642eae84d7b3f4f931538613664", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "44c50f365c", "word": "アンケート", "reading": "アンケート", "romaji": "ankeeto", "meanings": [ "questionnaire (fr: enquete)", "survey" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1019940, "examples": [ { "ja": "このアンケート、項目が多すぎて記入する気になれないよ。", "furigana": "このアンケート、{項目|こうもく}が{多|おお}すぎて{記入|きにゅう}する{気|き}になれないよ。", "en": "I don't feel like filling out this questionnaire. There are too many items.", "tatoeba_id": 224003 }, { "ja": "当社はアンケート入力、アンケート集計のお手伝いをする少数精鋭のベンチャーです。", "en": "Our company is a small but elect venture business that assists in entry and totalling of questionnaires.", "tatoeba_id": 75847 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c3d53f4611e3e445809e1197e47dc4ac653050e62ec684bb2c90fc6c5973cc4c", "meanings": [ "问卷", "调查" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このアンケート、項目が多すぎて記入する気になれないよ。", "zh": "这份问卷项目太多，我都不想填写了。" }, { "ja": "当社はアンケート入力、アンケート集計のお手伝いをする少数精鋭のベンチャーです。", "zh": "我们是一家精干的小型创业公司，协助问卷录入和统计。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/44c50f365c", "JMdict ent_seq 1019940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8ef6a044111595b44b716d91b27cdb9f65fa0ed7980dd4c69efc0801719a115b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "01babb71fd", "word": "アンコール", "reading": "アンコール", "romaji": "ankooru", "meanings": [ "encore" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1019950, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのピアニストはアンコールに応えて２曲弾いた。", "en": "The pianist played two encores.", "tatoeba_id": 212708 }, { "ja": "歌手に向かって盛んなアンコールが起こった。", "en": "Everyone called out to the singer for an encore.", "tatoeba_id": 186778 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b2c14f5a8931b9cb7501e02839ac9e2c11ac688fa6b7a886f9610c8923beed7d", "meanings": [ "安可", "返场" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのピアニストはアンコールに応えて２曲弾いた。", "zh": "钢琴家应观众要求返场演奏了两首曲子。" }, { "ja": "歌手に向かって盛んなアンコールが起こった。", "zh": "观众热烈要求歌手返场。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/01babb71fd", "JMdict ent_seq 1019950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7c49b8e4844fe24127a0c517f69a2b3ffaccfd250d95f44b27a8d1c7ab00521b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "eda4f150bd", "word": "暗殺", "reading": "あんさつ", "romaji": "ansatsu", "meanings": [ "assassination" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1154520, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは大統領の暗殺を企てた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{大統領|だいとうりょう}の{暗殺|あんさつ}を{企|くわだ}てた。", "en": "They attempted to assassinate the president.", "tatoeba_id": 96596 }, { "ja": "暗殺が世界の歴史を変えたことはない。", "furigana": "{暗殺|あんさつ}が{世界|せかい}の{歴史|れきし}を{変|か}えたことはない。", "en": "Assassination has never changed the history of the world.", "tatoeba_id": 191249 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "afbb67ecfcd8b79987d60b4d304593be85f94c0b093e46c5e30a8462d84ee6cf", "meanings": [ "暗杀" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは大統領の暗殺を企てた。", "zh": "他们企图暗杀总统。" }, { "ja": "暗殺が世界の歴史を変えたことはない。", "zh": "暗杀从未改变过世界历史。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/eda4f150bd", "JMdict ent_seq 1154520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5f67671d10e4e3919b6138a88676743f6738349e321cb53d31e13c8e48e7f507", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3db9caca40", "word": "暗算", "reading": "あんざん", "romaji": "anzan", "meanings": [ "mental arithmetic" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1154540, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は暗算をするほど頭が良くない。", "en": "He doesn't have enough brains to do sums in his head.", "tatoeba_id": 110180 }, { "ja": "この計算は暗算でできる。", "en": "I can do this calculation mentally." }, { "ja": "暗算で答えを出した。", "en": "I worked out the answer in my head." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b1c981f5012bbb87734d7fb5e6b7d779e5e108bafda0fa1222f5e15b26f3d761", "meanings": [ "心算" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は暗算をするほど頭が良くない。", "zh": "他不够聪明，无法进行心算。" }, { "ja": "この計算は暗算でできる。", "zh": "这道计算可以心算。" }, { "ja": "暗算で答えを出した。", "zh": "我通过心算得出了答案。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3db9caca40", "JMdict ent_seq 1154540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "93830235b23b5b8111822fe1726fa4033ab39341ef1cac30c659e65cc7093f0f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "71a29a57d6", "word": "暗示", "reading": "あんじ", "romaji": "anji", "meanings": [ "hint", "suggestion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1154550, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の言葉は何を暗示しているのか。", "en": "What do his words imply?", "tatoeba_id": 117509 }, { "ja": "その発言は計画の変更を暗示している。", "en": "That statement suggests a change of plan." }, { "ja": "彼の表情は不安を暗示していた。", "en": "His expression suggested anxiety." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3ae53f6a10821127c220b79b017940215785ad0e0f2e8fc0e8a34791cac61d38", "meanings": [ "暗示", "提示" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の言葉は何を暗示しているのか。", "zh": "他的话暗示着什么？" }, { "ja": "その発言は計画の変更を暗示している。", "zh": "那番话暗示计划会改变。" }, { "ja": "彼の表情は不安を暗示していた。", "zh": "他的表情暗示了不安。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/71a29a57d6", "JMdict ent_seq 1154550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a4bd6ba6f459d44e9fb29f555869730cc18e6cae210e3441b9d2ef9afd79240c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ba3f929e63", "word": "案じる", "reading": "あんじる", "romaji": "anjiru", "meanings": [ "to be anxious", "to ponder" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1154780, "examples": [ { "ja": "母は私の将来を案じている。", "en": "Mother is anxious about my future.", "tatoeba_id": 82946 }, { "ja": "彼は息子の将来をとても案じている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{息子|むすこ}の{将来|しょうらい}をとても{案|あん}じている。", "en": "He is very much concerned about the future of his son.", "tatoeba_id": 102717 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9f014da0be17ec0eb1b02e9f574cd295ff282056ccd0f3707920b13fc9f27078", "meanings": [ "担忧", "考虑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "母は私の将来を案じている。", "zh": "母亲担心我的未来。" }, { "ja": "彼は息子の将来をとても案じている。", "zh": "他非常担心儿子的未来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ba3f929e63", "JMdict ent_seq 1154780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ce1a749b91f3e9a992aabf98078327fce34a9ad6ec10326cc80c3c5f60ce3031", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cf51a81d5e", "word": "安静", "reading": "あんせい", "romaji": "ansei", "meanings": [ "rest" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1153910, "examples": [ { "ja": "しばらく安静にしておきなさい。", "furigana": "しばらく{安静|あんせい}にしておきなさい。", "en": "Keep quiet in bed for a while.", "tatoeba_id": 216105 }, { "ja": "安静にして寝ていてください。", "furigana": "{安静|あんせい}にして{寝|ね}ていてください。", "en": "You should stay in bed.", "tatoeba_id": 191325 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d9c0a7f7288d4f8767952b83a127b713883a1684c9b1b93dbe8bf29e3123e6f0", "meanings": [ "静养", "安静" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "しばらく安静にしておきなさい。", "zh": "请暂时静养。" }, { "ja": "安静にして寝ていてください。", "zh": "请安静地躺着休息。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cf51a81d5e", "JMdict ent_seq 1153910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "78590fe077a93b0cd01f84a054865cc36c2ca61e2b1c3dadedf4213b5212bdaa", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c052d729c7", "word": "案の定", "reading": "あんのじょう", "romaji": "annojou", "meanings": [ "sure enough", "as usual" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1154790, "examples": [ { "ja": "案の定、彼は疑念を抱いていた。", "en": "Sure enough, he entertained doubts.", "tatoeba_id": 191244 }, { "ja": "案の定、彼女は電話をかけてきた。", "furigana": "{案|あん}の{定|じょう}、{彼女|かのじょ}は{電話|でんわ}をかけてきた。", "en": "She called me up, as I had expected.", "tatoeba_id": 191241 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b702a35da87817376deb59f1ee8d39ea4c6c700a51f20ba0d2f0b5f015ae09d6", "meanings": [ "果然", "不出所料" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "案の定、彼は疑念を抱いていた。", "zh": "果然，他心里有疑虑。" }, { "ja": "案の定、彼女は電話をかけてきた。", "zh": "果然，她打来了电话。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c052d729c7", "JMdict ent_seq 1154790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1820cd59902c57e25e40de7b79bcaf8db1d768a707934dabb1909f482792cfcb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "表示结果正如预期，既可用于好结果，也可用于担忧的结果。" } }, { "id": "73a0f22579", "word": "いい加減", "reading": "いいかげん", "romaji": "iikagen", "meanings": [ "moderate", "right", "random", "not thorough", "vague", "irresponsible", "halfhearted" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1277440, "examples": [ { "ja": "この静かな生活にはいい加減飽きてしまった。", "en": "I'm about tired of this quiet life.", "tatoeba_id": 220895 }, { "ja": "いいかげんに仕事をするな。", "furigana": "いいかげんに{仕事|しごと}をするな。", "en": "Don't do the job just any old way.", "tatoeba_id": 229411 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3deff89d136a05c22812f76798e334df5284f72e81dfe4097fd7189cf329ee55", "meanings": [ "敷衍", "适可而止", "相当" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この静かな生活にはいい加減飽きてしまった。", "zh": "我已经很厌倦这种平静的生活了。" }, { "ja": "いいかげんに仕事をするな。", "zh": "不要敷衍工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/73a0f22579", "JMdict ent_seq 1277440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "427716ca741f31c34181adb4df60d797e300b5e06906d0e7304a8c629d70887d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "表示敷衍、不认真时常带批评；也有“相当”“适可而止”等意思。" } }, { "id": "79e98bddbd", "word": "言い訳", "reading": "いいわけ", "romaji": "iiwake", "meanings": [ "excuse", "explanation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1587030, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は言い訳を考え出すのがうまい。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{言|い}い{訳|わけ}を{考|かんが}え{出|だ}すのがうまい。", "en": "He is inventive of excuses.", "tatoeba_id": 107595 }, { "ja": "もう言い訳なんか聞きたくないね。", "furigana": "もう{言|い}い{訳|わけ}なんか{聞|き}きたくないね。", "en": "I don't want to hear any more excuses.", "tatoeba_id": 194216 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8675501836104244184ca2ef44c1a56c7949d0446ee07a41ef5769799ec62600", "meanings": [ "借口", "辩解" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は言い訳を考え出すのがうまい。", "zh": "他很擅长找借口。" }, { "ja": "もう言い訳なんか聞きたくないね。", "zh": "我不想再听借口了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/79e98bddbd", "JMdict ent_seq 1587030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "83a6b7eccfbcdd0ffc6f69f36f1f2852bcb065f09a397dcbc4c900d68bc1bab0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "299fd7ae70", "word": "イエス", "reading": "イエス", "romaji": "iesu", "meanings": [ "Jesus", "yes" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1021010, "examples": [ { "ja": "イエスの教えについて学ぶ。", "en": "Study the teachings of Jesus." }, { "ja": "イエスの生涯を描いた本を読んだ。", "en": "I read a book depicting the life of Jesus." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "56092d2fe02f11ca9f1b589371aa1e3606db634769dc17f72129e95bb614324f", "meanings": [ "耶稣" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "イエスの教えについて学ぶ。", "zh": "学习耶稣的教导。" }, { "ja": "イエスの生涯を描いた本を読んだ。", "zh": "我读了一本描绘耶稣生平的书。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/299fd7ae70", "JMdict ent_seq 1021010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6530790d4de6b919ef87556903c8763600f7a28aacfa6d59d80f1e4742ce20f9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4f85c70c6c", "word": "家出", "reading": "いえで", "romaji": "iede", "meanings": [ "running away from home", "leaving home" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1192030, "examples": [ { "ja": "舞が家出を敢行する、直前のことだろう。", "en": "That was probably just before Mai took the drastic step of leaving home.", "tatoeba_id": 75728 }, { "ja": "彼女は持ち物全部を持って家出した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{持|も}ち{物|もの}{全部|ぜんぶ}を{持|も}って{家出|いえで}した。", "en": "She left home bag and baggage.", "tatoeba_id": 89179 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a4b0776e9fd8df7676546ccd902f9857ab2459e7f349606bd47f0741ff8ea62f", "meanings": [ "离家出走" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "舞が家出を敢行する、直前のことだろう。", "zh": "那大概是在舞离家出走前不久的事。" }, { "ja": "彼女は持ち物全部を持って家出した。", "zh": "她带着全部东西离家出走了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4f85c70c6c", "JMdict ent_seq 1192030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "217e264776bb67d4c169a7149623361262d9d9c0b3e1cde9c32818bb123bfd49", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5d8eead4ba", "word": "生かす", "reading": "いかす", "romaji": "ikasu", "meanings": [ "to revive", "to resuscitate", "to make use of" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1587070, "examples": [ { "ja": "心停止の患者を応急処置で生かした。", "furigana": "{心停止|しんていし}の{患者|かんじゃ}を{応急処置|おうきゅうしょち}で{生|い}かした。", "en": "We used emergency measures to revive the cardiac arrest patient.", "tatoeba_id": 393806 }, { "ja": "自分も生き、他人も生かせ。", "furigana": "{自分|じぶん}も{生|い}き、{他人|たにん}も{生|い}かせ。", "en": "Live and let live.", "tatoeba_id": 149745 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8d62da77f35421ce0933ec2f6147a0bc4ad621d3a73ef670946596db19c46c8e", "meanings": [ "使活过来", "活用" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "心停止の患者を応急処置で生かした。", "zh": "对心搏骤停的患者实施急救使其活了下来。" }, { "ja": "自分も生き、他人も生かせ。", "zh": "自己活，也让别人活。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5d8eead4ba", "JMdict ent_seq 1587070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9ffbed207588671d538a8c20e17951c5e7498522357f8486b3b56416bf59c3a7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9215794cc3", "word": "雷", "reading": "いかずち", "romaji": "ikazuchi", "meanings": [ "thunder" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2868304, "examples": [ { "ja": "遠くで雷が鳴っている。", "en": "Thunder is rumbling in the distance." }, { "ja": "雷が夜空を照らした。", "en": "Lightning lit up the night sky." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c9f330ca585863c7cfe9f16eda7098cca064f36ce40ac5a4817d2dcc000dee7d", "meanings": [ "雷", "闪电" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "遠くで雷が鳴っている。", "zh": "远处雷声隆隆。" }, { "ja": "雷が夜空を照らした。", "zh": "闪电照亮了夜空。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9215794cc3", "JMdict ent_seq 2868304; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3da758f5be33043e952c778de275952dc55f783663de4c0966ac5e3361249022", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b2f39149f2", "word": "如何に", "reading": "いかに", "romaji": "ikani", "meanings": [ "how?", "in what way?", "how much?", "however", "whatever" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1466970, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は教育がいかに重要であるかを痛感しました。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{教育|きょういく}がいかに{重要|じゅうよう}であるかを{痛感|つうかん}しました。", "en": "It was brought home to me how important education is.", "tatoeba_id": 157609 }, { "ja": "いかに粗末であろうとも、我が家は我が家である。", "furigana": "いかに{粗末|そまつ}であろうとも、{我|わ}が{家|や}は{我|わ}が{家|や}である。", "en": "No matter how humble it may be, home is home.", "tatoeba_id": 229275 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e00ab8c11f0af657bf160f38199a5cbaf02c3469034b58ae5d90cf74d7abd867", "meanings": [ "如何", "无论多么" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は教育がいかに重要であるかを痛感しました。", "zh": "我深切地感受到教育有多么重要。" }, { "ja": "いかに粗末であろうとも、我が家は我が家である。", "zh": "无论多么简陋，自己的家总归是家。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b2f39149f2", "JMdict ent_seq 1466970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d50623ab37ae60ced615e15a1d5ea60c4e3770f2bfd608fb5dbf7dbf1b134b14", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "edb73d5cb3", "word": "如何にも", "reading": "いかにも", "romaji": "ikanimo", "meanings": [ "indeed", "really", "phrase meaning agreement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1000660, "examples": [ { "ja": "いかにもビルのやりそうなことだ。", "en": "That's Bill all over.", "tatoeba_id": 229281 }, { "ja": "彼はいかにも「営業」って感じだね。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はいかにも「{営業|えいぎょう}」って{感|かん}じだね。", "en": "He's a salesman's salesman.", "tatoeba_id": 114714 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "71041e36dd7f56be94ddfdd25bcba6809008d66541f5c2223c57371f5ea5e73f", "meanings": [ "确实", "的确", "很像" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "いかにもビルのやりそうなことだ。", "zh": "这的确是比尔会做的事。" }, { "ja": "彼はいかにも「営業」って感じだね。", "zh": "他看起来很像个销售人员。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/edb73d5cb3", "JMdict ent_seq 1000660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "52852fcda8af8063428ce147823bd1e0ea2f6ca6a9d40c4cc6d7d2746d4892ce", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9b84f255df", "word": "怒り", "reading": "いかり", "romaji": "ikari", "meanings": [ "anger", "hatred" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1445670, "examples": [ { "ja": "私の誤りは彼の怒りを招いた。", "en": "My mistake incurred his anger.", "tatoeba_id": 163667 }, { "ja": "彼女は怒りで気も狂うほどだった。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{怒|いか}りで{気|き}も{狂|くる}うほどだった。", "en": "She was mad with anger.", "tatoeba_id": 87737 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "69e8ca8f49aedbf132b3b794a251cec80e21d57a65de042f71e46b634d5c10a1", "meanings": [ "愤怒" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私の誤りは彼の怒りを招いた。", "zh": "我的错误引发了他的愤怒。" }, { "ja": "彼女は怒りで気も狂うほどだった。", "zh": "她气得几乎发狂。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9b84f255df", "JMdict ent_seq 1445670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fcf673fa8e52c127d9b1618098051cb08f6d9613e0dc8df215ff63878859f20d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fedad22ef0", "word": "怒る", "reading": "いかる", "romaji": "ikaru", "meanings": [ "to get angry", "to be angry" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 2859682, "examples": [ { "ja": "父は約束を破った私に怒った。", "en": "My father was angry with me for breaking my promise." }, { "ja": "彼は不公平な扱いに怒っている。", "en": "He is angry about the unfair treatment." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "51cd66eec84ede7e37c45d062d0adc646faf2a226d9779c11ceac167c0f37220", "meanings": [ "生气", "发怒" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "父は約束を破った私に怒った。", "zh": "父亲因为我违背约定而生气了。" }, { "ja": "彼は不公平な扱いに怒っている。", "zh": "他对不公平的待遇感到愤怒。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fedad22ef0", "JMdict ent_seq 2859682; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "52e729ef6cebc866e6adaf94a7bc91f8354b33974fa095ee588921cf9aafed8a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d19fa15a3f", "word": "粋", "reading": "いき", "romaji": "iki", "meanings": [ "chic", "style", "purity", "essence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1372410, "examples": [ { "ja": "今日の格好はとっても粋ですね。", "en": "You're looking snappy today.", "tatoeba_id": 171968 }, { "ja": "粋な着物を着ていますね。", "en": "You are wearing a stylish kimono." }, { "ja": "彼は粋な計らいで客を喜ばせた。", "en": "He delighted his guest with a thoughtful gesture." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e7d891090c453348ea2a8af83a9a6e84e683f3809bf5d3430e717a48b222d91b", "meanings": [ "时髦", "有情趣" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "今日の格好はとっても粋ですね。", "zh": "你今天穿得真时髦。" }, { "ja": "粋な着物を着ていますね。", "zh": "你穿的和服真有品味。" }, { "ja": "彼は粋な計らいで客を喜ばせた。", "zh": "他用体贴巧妙的安排让客人高兴。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d19fa15a3f", "JMdict ent_seq 1372410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "edaaa997a5f69bfef95dfbf1742c5ca890091deaae4725f6ab79a2ee47b42b87", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d88fd8db92", "word": "異議", "reading": "いぎ", "romaji": "igi", "meanings": [ "objection", "dissent", "protest" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1157580, "examples": [ { "ja": "だからといって異議があるわけではない。", "furigana": "だからといって{異議|いぎ}があるわけではない。", "en": "Not that I have any objection.", "tatoeba_id": 203835 }, { "ja": "出席者の側には異議はなかった。", "furigana": "{出席者|しゅっせきしゃ}の{側|そば}には{異議|いぎ}はなかった。", "en": "There was no objection on the part of those present.", "tatoeba_id": 147726 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "eb07510cc2a6879c766e19724481a0b1ae34ce1b136f8e163fc1c5292f7f2402", "meanings": [ "异议" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "だからといって異議があるわけではない。", "zh": "但这并不意味着我有异议。" }, { "ja": "出席者の側には異議はなかった。", "zh": "出席者没有提出异议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d88fd8db92", "JMdict ent_seq 1157580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "61a266056bd9d6c0222a0bebf158a69ad6885ff6c916c4d5df1914222814afc6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a96bfe80af", "word": "域外", "reading": "いきがい", "romaji": "ikigai", "meanings": [ "outside the area" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1160500, "examples": [ { "ja": "域外からも多くの人が訪れた。", "en": "Many people also visited from outside the area." }, { "ja": "域外への輸送には時間がかかる。", "en": "Transport outside the area takes time." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "198744333f1ee93706ea7ffbd41c317f9fd6e58cd47ca58a4e1dd6d1b8b98d16", "meanings": [ "区域以外" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "域外からも多くの人が訪れた。", "zh": "许多人也从区外前来。" }, { "ja": "域外への輸送には時間がかかる。", "zh": "向区域外运输需要时间。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a96bfe80af", "JMdict ent_seq 1160500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e76e907e802c721b424f1f215d1454609a0858b307a63cf8d74069fa669b54bc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5ffd03b2a2", "word": "意気込む", "reading": "いきごむ", "romaji": "ikigomu", "meanings": [ "to be enthusiastic about" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1156450, "examples": [ { "ja": "初めから意気込みすぎると、途中で息切れするぞ。", "furigana": "{初|はじ}めから{意気込|いきご}みすぎると、{途中|とちゅう}で{息切|いきぎ}れするぞ。", "en": "You have to pace yourself or you'll choke halfway through.", "tatoeba_id": 147567 }, { "ja": "彼は大会で勝とうと意気込んでいる。", "en": "He is eager to win the tournament." }, { "ja": "新しい仕事に意気込んで取り組んだ。", "en": "I tackled the new job with enthusiasm." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0db6dceeef1db95f03fd17799ea86b95e6b4ab1cae8807b6a9eb9a26f2452511", "meanings": [ "干劲十足", "热切" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "初めから意気込みすぎると、途中で息切れするぞ。", "zh": "一开始干劲过头的话，中途会后劲不足哦。" }, { "ja": "彼は大会で勝とうと意気込んでいる。", "zh": "他满怀干劲，想赢得比赛。" }, { "ja": "新しい仕事に意気込んで取り組んだ。", "zh": "我干劲十足地投入新工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5ffd03b2a2", "JMdict ent_seq 1156450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "514c936dbc1fa6e869aed2f194564885356172f55572243551298fa929da28c8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "75012ef36e", "word": "経緯", "reading": "いきさつ", "romaji": "ikisatsu", "meanings": [ "details", "whole story", "sequence of events", "particulars", "how it started", "how things got this way" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2873066, "examples": [ { "ja": "事故の経緯を説明してください。", "en": "Please explain the sequence of events leading to the accident." }, { "ja": "契約に至る経緯を調べた。", "en": "I investigated how the agreement came about." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "59088701d55a63378d27ea39bf35a83f5baef11dc2e213273d5711b306850e32", "meanings": [ "事情经过", "来龙去脉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "事故の経緯を説明してください。", "zh": "请说明事故的经过。" }, { "ja": "契約に至る経緯を調べた。", "zh": "我调查了达成合同的来龙去脉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/75012ef36e", "JMdict ent_seq 2873066; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "db03fcf75c9b875316bce2aed4bc9373bbeb9301c086e8e88d4a99267ecc938b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f555ee7e0d", "word": "行き違い", "reading": "いきちがい", "romaji": "ikichigai", "meanings": [ "misunderstanding", "estrangement", "disagreement", "crossing without meeting", "going astray" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1578800, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちの手紙は行き違いになった。", "en": "Our letters crossed each other.", "tatoeba_id": 166946 }, { "ja": "あなたの手紙は私のと行き違いになった。", "en": "Your letter crossed mine.", "tatoeba_id": 233212 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2a70b3e6da581b8ae790fb19cd9dba66ef794838bb2ca595aadd8bed61ced76b", "meanings": [ "错过", "交错" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちの手紙は行き違いになった。", "zh": "我们的信在途中交错了。" }, { "ja": "あなたの手紙は私のと行き違いになった。", "zh": "你的信和我的信在途中交错了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f555ee7e0d", "JMdict ent_seq 1578800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5563771d069a5cc4857a7d78dfd8ba4e6a2f998f0c3421510fd8bc9eaf515687", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cb3d7cda2e", "word": "軍", "reading": "いくさ", "romaji": "ikusa", "meanings": [ "war", "battle", "campaign", "fight" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1587140, "examples": [ { "ja": "軍に出る覚悟を決めた。", "en": "He resolved to go to war." }, { "ja": "軍のさなかに村を離れた。", "en": "They left the village during the war." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b07a7a17bf2719ded18e61c0e7c992472eccfc211a33cb6851ca2a1f7c7f11a9", "meanings": [ "战争", "战斗" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "軍に出る覚悟を決めた。", "zh": "他下定决心奔赴战场。" }, { "ja": "軍のさなかに村を離れた。", "zh": "他们在战乱中离开了村庄。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cb3d7cda2e", "JMdict ent_seq 1587140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cf94dc3f6608c610915e24c3ad352d16a1f1916181dd4276222adc23a8922e9b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d5373e6a45", "word": "戦", "reading": "いくさ", "romaji": "ikusa", "meanings": [ "war", "battle", "campaign", "fight" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1587140, "examples": [ { "ja": "腹が減っては戦ができぬ。", "furigana": "{腹|はら}が{減|へ}っては{戦|いくさ}ができぬ。", "en": "An army travels on its stomach.", "tatoeba_id": 83870 }, { "ja": "戦に備えて兵が集まった。", "en": "Soldiers assembled in preparation for battle." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a8f3db158dd58adc8c0bfaff9389b3420897ae9d3867a7f7c3e5469c806c2d2d", "meanings": [ "战争", "战斗" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "腹が減っては戦ができぬ。", "zh": "肚子饿了就无法打仗。" }, { "ja": "戦に備えて兵が集まった。", "zh": "士兵们集合准备作战。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d5373e6a45", "JMdict ent_seq 1587140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6a039b6faaead2f0367b694a7f208f5d5eb38fe25bf70c67dddf9deaf236297b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8dc66af6e2", "word": "育成", "reading": "いくせい", "romaji": "ikusei", "meanings": [ "rearing", "training", "nurture", "cultivation", "promotion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1587150, "examples": [ { "ja": "ワインにはいろいろなタイプがあり、それによって育成の仕方もさまざまです。", "furigana": "ワインにはいろいろなタイプがあり、それによって{育成|いくせい}の{仕方|しかた}もさまざまです。", "en": "There are various types of wines and the way they are matured varies accordingly.", "tatoeba_id": 74317 }, { "ja": "若い選手の育成に力を入れる。", "en": "Focus on developing young athletes." }, { "ja": "苗木の育成には時間がかかる。", "en": "Growing seedlings takes time." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2e5b63bc899fdd8507920dca2a0fc2c46033b9e75611b999d57faa554a0706a3", "meanings": [ "培育", "培养" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ワインにはいろいろなタイプがあり、それによって育成の仕方もさまざまです。", "zh": "葡萄酒有多种类型，培育方式也各不相同。" }, { "ja": "若い選手の育成に力を入れる。", "zh": "致力于培养年轻运动员。" }, { "ja": "苗木の育成には時間がかかる。", "zh": "培育树苗需要时间。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8dc66af6e2", "JMdict ent_seq 1587150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4a53735fc71589b67fcc62e13c3447ad5c3d262f0dcc30cf7e32671dbc2ffbd8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ff3f63ebf1", "word": "幾多", "reading": "いくた", "romaji": "ikuta", "meanings": [ "many", "numerous" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "adv", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1220040, "examples": [ { "ja": "我々は幾多の困難を克服しなければならない。", "furigana": "{我々|われわれ}は{幾多|いくた}の{困難|こんなん}を{克服|こくふく}しなければならない。", "en": "We have to cope with hosts of difficulties.", "tatoeba_id": 185922 }, { "ja": "彼は幾多の苦難を乗り越えなければならない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{幾多|いくた}の{苦難|くなん}を{乗|の}り{越|こ}えなければならない。", "en": "He had to go through a lot of hardships.", "tatoeba_id": 108627 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "471f08e196fa8bd056c92ece8def3917968147bcc43c2e92cfe49922e580117c", "meanings": [ "许多", "众多" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "我々は幾多の困難を克服しなければならない。", "zh": "我们必须克服许多困难。" }, { "ja": "彼は幾多の苦難を乗り越えなければならない。", "zh": "他必须克服许多苦难。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ff3f63ebf1", "JMdict ent_seq 1220040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7cf8079649012633d30e47bbb721ed0f1199d9462122156fd0f0d27f589d255a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8af48d87c5", "word": "活ける", "reading": "いける", "romaji": "ikeru", "meanings": [ "to arrange (flowers)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1587190, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は花を生けるのが好きです。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{花|はな}を{生|い}けるのが{好|す}きです。", "en": "She likes to arrange flowers.", "tatoeba_id": 90802 }, { "ja": "花瓶に美しいバラの花を生けている。", "en": "Beautiful roses are arranged in the vase." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b437d6e3b35e8fb6b43f4a292ac4c9609975b99e116259d5882eafc26cba0abc", "meanings": [ "插花" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は花を生けるのが好きです。", "zh": "她喜欢插花。" }, { "ja": "花瓶に美しいバラの花を生けている。", "zh": "花瓶里插着美丽的玫瑰。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8af48d87c5", "JMdict ent_seq 1587190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a74af23bfc5317e22231660511098a4d4e03f11922d1615de2aa7cf89916bd37", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "685e56a1d4", "word": "異見", "reading": "いけん", "romaji": "iken", "meanings": [ "different opinion", "objection" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1157640, "examples": [ { "ja": "その提案に異見を述べた。", "en": "I expressed a different view on the proposal." }, { "ja": "異見があれば聞かせてください。", "en": "Please let me know if you have a different opinion." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "66d89738da410dc3139e1c9659c7829aba9f92bf0e9675db3f3a6cce236b450d", "meanings": [ "不同意见", "异议" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その提案に異見を述べた。", "zh": "我对那个提案提出了不同意见。" }, { "ja": "異見があれば聞かせてください。", "zh": "如果有不同意见，请告诉我。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/685e56a1d4", "JMdict ent_seq 1157640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "36043ce8a4272217e8ca866f200d2d7b4a7a4397cc763a0711691d804692bc77", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "419813adc3", "word": "意向", "reading": "いこう", "romaji": "ikou", "meanings": [ "intention", "idea", "inclination" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1587200, "examples": [ { "ja": "政府は減税の意向を明言した。", "furigana": "{政府|せいふ}は{減税|げんぜい}の{意向|いこう}を{明言|めいげん}した。", "en": "The government has declared its intention to reduce taxes.", "tatoeba_id": 143104 }, { "ja": "彼の意向をもう一度確認すべきだ。", "en": "We should confirm his intentions once more.", "tatoeba_id": 118138 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4a21ea0aedb11408285d78b8919b1baa13cbe50b7a7a381e78e68ead6c9a5d37", "meanings": [ "意向" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "政府は減税の意向を明言した。", "zh": "政府明确表示有减税的意向。" }, { "ja": "彼の意向をもう一度確認すべきだ。", "zh": "应该再次确认他的意向。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/419813adc3", "JMdict ent_seq 1587200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "23430ed76188a999d7d07c36cf7d25983dced001cf44707890c20ae154b16d3b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2427a8f4e6", "word": "移行", "reading": "いこう", "romaji": "ikou", "meanings": [ "switching over to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1158240, "examples": [ { "ja": "英国は、１９７１年にその貨幣制度を１０進法に移行させた。", "en": "In 1971 the United Kingdom changed its currency to the decimal system.", "tatoeba_id": 189003 }, { "ja": "農場生活から都市の生活への移行は困難なことが多い。", "en": "The transition from farm life to city life is often difficult.", "tatoeba_id": 121694 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "80e090bb46df690598be73c3e69600833181583136c463780d014483e649cb73", "meanings": [ "转移", "过渡" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "英国は、１９７１年にその貨幣制度を１０進法に移行させた。", "zh": "英国在1971年将货币制度转为十进制。" }, { "ja": "農場生活から都市の生活への移行は困難なことが多い。", "zh": "从农场生活过渡到城市生活往往很困难。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2427a8f4e6", "JMdict ent_seq 1158240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "19f15f7f626b3859c1fe55c618eca45b7d0561fceec8ddf52ba36777a84428b9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c4a44d28ef", "word": "いざ", "reading": "いざ", "romaji": "iza", "meanings": [ "now", "come (now)", "well", "crucial moment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "int" ], "jmdict_id": 1000750, "examples": [ { "ja": "いざ投票という時、彼は棄権した。", "furigana": "いざ{投票|とうひょう}という{時|とき}、{彼|かれ}は{棄権|きけん}した。", "en": "When it was time to vote, he abstained.", "tatoeba_id": 229133 }, { "ja": "あなたから離れようと思っているのにいざそうしようとしてもうまくいかない。", "furigana": "あなたから{離|はな}れようと{思|おも}っているのにいざそうしようとしてもうまくいかない。", "en": "I want to split up, but I know I couldn't even if I tried.", "tatoeba_id": 234139 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "85bc7b6d9da6f8a32228fd3844e837153bfb52c8adc9fb6cba1268ed93c5e924", "meanings": [ "关键时刻", "来吧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "いざ投票という時、彼は棄権した。", "zh": "到了投票的关键时刻，他弃权了。" }, { "ja": "あなたから離れようと思っているのにいざそうしようとしてもうまくいかない。", "zh": "虽然想着要离开你，但真要这么做时又做不到。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c4a44d28ef", "JMdict ent_seq 1000750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cf256207fa9ad41697b2a143f2cbb4bd34a8a8fa21734ff966deff1110f69ce8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "いざ用于关键时刻，常与という時等搭配。" } }, { "id": "b92c5e2b63", "word": "意地", "reading": "いじ", "romaji": "iji", "meanings": [ "disposition", "spirit", "willpower", "obstinacy", "backbone", "appetite" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1156720, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の意地の悪い発言で、講義が一層激しくなった。", "en": "His nasty comments fueled the argument.", "tatoeba_id": 118135 }, { "ja": "みかけはそうではないのに本当は意地が悪い。", "furigana": "みかけはそうではないのに{本当|ほんとう}は{意地|いじ}が{悪|わる}い。", "en": "He doesn't look that way, but he's really a nasty piece of work.", "tatoeba_id": 74706 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "358dae6cd8928b9e3ec6f2a1762f23d6d1f6d35a8e0433ebf3b22cf059e09ff4", "meanings": [ "意志", "固执", "心肠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の意地の悪い発言で、講義が一層激しくなった。", "zh": "他恶意的发言使讲座更加激烈。" }, { "ja": "みかけはそうではないのに本当は意地が悪い。", "zh": "虽然外表看不出来，他其实心肠很坏。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b92c5e2b63", "JMdict ent_seq 1156720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cd8d1d351793bb0e68ca94db158eab43673bd0683b8b9b15addd191a4ac4aeb5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "意地悪是心肠坏；意地を張る则是固执坚持。" } }, { "id": "ee7bcbddd5", "word": "碑", "reading": "いしぶみ", "romaji": "ishibumi", "meanings": [ "stone monument bearing an inscription" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1702990, "examples": [ { "ja": "禎子の友人達は、彼女と原爆でなくなったすべての子供達の慰霊碑を建てたいと思った。", "en": "Sadako's friends wanted to build a monument to her and all children who were killed by the atomic bomb.", "tatoeba_id": 125403 }, { "ja": "公園に古い碑が立っている。", "en": "An old stone monument stands in the park." }, { "ja": "碑に刻まれた文字を読んだ。", "en": "I read the characters carved on the monument." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f2aa3b5278bf2ced396c4f7f6c3f9e73524bc5ca799ff4989ab0a2e1573a46bc", "meanings": [ "碑", "石碑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "禎子の友人達は、彼女と原爆でなくなったすべての子供達の慰霊碑を建てたいと思った。", "zh": "贞子的朋友们想为她和所有死于原子弹的孩子建立纪念碑。" }, { "ja": "公園に古い碑が立っている。", "zh": "公园里立着一块古老的石碑。" }, { "ja": "碑に刻まれた文字を読んだ。", "zh": "我读了石碑上刻的文字。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ee7bcbddd5", "JMdict ent_seq 1702990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6fc6db8bc0e6d49d7e9542927b7bfa359a3f8200e9d765521bb74602c6ea56f1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1325504949", "word": "移住", "reading": "いじゅう", "romaji": "ijuu", "meanings": [ "migration", "immigration" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1158280, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らはアメリカに移住するつもりです。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはアメリカに{移住|いじゅう}するつもりです。", "en": "They are going to emigrate to America.", "tatoeba_id": 98220 }, { "ja": "彼らは、ニュージーランドに移住する計画を立てている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは、ニュージーランドに{移住|いじゅう}する{計画|けいかく}を{立|た}てている。", "en": "They are planning to settle in New Zealand.", "tatoeba_id": 98363 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "24f1ba7f8cf479c5346c0a3a8381c5200fc7c0e76c02c04a05de55f127be8527", "meanings": [ "移居" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らはアメリカに移住するつもりです。", "zh": "他们打算移居美国。" }, { "ja": "彼らは、ニュージーランドに移住する計画を立てている。", "zh": "他们计划移居新西兰。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1325504949", "JMdict ent_seq 1158280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "874d34dd872231c894f096b019209c599e45f49ea3170cad63a0487810bf2539", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "dcdd5a11a3", "word": "衣装", "reading": "いしょう", "romaji": "ishou", "meanings": [ "clothing", "costume", "outfit", "garment", "dress" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1158760, "examples": [ { "ja": "ぬれた衣装が彼女の体にくっついていた。", "en": "Wet clothes clung to her body.", "tatoeba_id": 198654 }, { "ja": "彼女は花嫁のような衣装を着ている。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{花嫁|はなよめ}のような{衣装|いしょう}を{着|き}ている。", "en": "She is dressed like a bride.", "tatoeba_id": 90800 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bff2552e12f51cdaeb63313e6cf4b3216ab8ae11c187b61ebd1b510ec6a5f16d", "meanings": [ "服装", "衣服" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ぬれた衣装が彼女の体にくっついていた。", "zh": "湿衣服贴在她的身体上。" }, { "ja": "彼女は花嫁のような衣装を着ている。", "zh": "她穿着像新娘一样的服装。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dcdd5a11a3", "JMdict ent_seq 1158760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "750f3965abd996fd99f36ed65ae74b266bfc56447c19409d4f11a971a1d9f55a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "43933ded5e", "word": "弄る", "reading": "いじる", "romaji": "ijiru", "meanings": [ "to touch", "to tamper with" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1560700, "examples": [ { "ja": "書類は勝手にいじられた形跡があった。", "furigana": "{書類|しょるい}は{勝手|かって}にいじられた{形跡|けいせき}があった。", "en": "The documents were tampered with.", "tatoeba_id": 147400 }, { "ja": "子供がおもちゃをカチャカチャいじっている。", "furigana": "{子供|こども}がおもちゃをカチャカチャいじっている。", "en": "The kid is clanging away with his toy.", "tatoeba_id": 168843 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b28a9844c1180b909fb590880d1f3865e767e02f85a1733837d03ba97eb3e875", "meanings": [ "摆弄", "动手脚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "書類は勝手にいじられた形跡があった。", "zh": "文件有被擅自改动的痕迹。" }, { "ja": "子供がおもちゃをカチャカチャいじっている。", "zh": "孩子正摆弄玩具，发出咔嗒声。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/43933ded5e", "JMdict ent_seq 1560700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bbbc446265d84beb20d98b1ac81c4b155edf1783e49f7adc8767ce90eb692796", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2fd54fbe7c", "word": "異性", "reading": "いせい", "romaji": "isei", "meanings": [ "the opposite sex" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1157860, "examples": [ { "ja": "私の彼氏、異性の友達が多いのよね。", "en": "My boyfriend has a lot of female friends.", "tatoeba_id": 11550210 }, { "ja": "あいつ、異性の友達多いよな。", "en": "He has a lot female friends.", "tatoeba_id": 11550208 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "dff47d355507871af15487e496d56d8e4c3cfe4a4a2abd49efabc448f909daf6", "meanings": [ "异性" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私の彼氏、異性の友達が多いのよね。", "zh": "我的男朋友有很多异性朋友。" }, { "ja": "あいつ、異性の友達多いよな。", "zh": "那家伙有很多异性朋友啊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2fd54fbe7c", "JMdict ent_seq 1157860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f9a63c3287c499902ef35effe0538fee7eddb934aed53da1a4bd743687375f94", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0e38a2be42", "word": "遺跡", "reading": "いせき", "romaji": "iseki", "meanings": [ "historic ruins (remains, relics)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1159380, "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい遺跡で未発掘はいくつだったのですか。", "en": "How many new sites were uncovered?", "tatoeba_id": 145455 }, { "ja": "その遺跡は訪れてみる価値がある。", "furigana": "その{遺跡|いせき}は{訪|おとず}れてみる{価値|かち}がある。", "en": "The ruins are worth visiting.", "tatoeba_id": 212362 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5e70719fa0fc9dd5cb57371caa1f7b676d8af46a3f0e25eaa0c0710e6fa8b8b3", "meanings": [ "遗迹" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい遺跡で未発掘はいくつだったのですか。", "zh": "新遗迹中还有多少没有发掘？" }, { "ja": "その遺跡は訪れてみる価値がある。", "zh": "那个遗迹值得一游。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0e38a2be42", "JMdict ent_seq 1159380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ad4ca05579e38c7e53c1d11ed45faaf30aa1fb00faf8e624fc5f14f78dbb1654", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "17b0cd54d6", "word": "依然", "reading": "いぜん", "romaji": "izen", "meanings": [ "still", "as yet" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-t", "adv-to", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1155650, "examples": [ { "ja": "３人が依然行方不明です。", "en": "Three people are still missing.", "tatoeba_id": 235305 }, { "ja": "不景気なのに依然物価は高い。", "en": "In spite of the depression, the prices of commodities are still high.", "tatoeba_id": 85114 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5c3b96a2084400cb8dc3f6d83761fbfe6f5a2b03449548093babb3a272b709ef", "meanings": [ "依然", "仍然" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "３人が依然行方不明です。", "zh": "三个人仍然下落不明。" }, { "ja": "不景気なのに依然物価は高い。", "zh": "尽管经济不景气，物价仍然很高。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/17b0cd54d6", "JMdict ent_seq 1155650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "15f55d2b61f73a2a56086dd0eb8a1aa29b9cf9441fb7ffe5e019536b45e6fd06", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "表示以前的状态仍然持续；多用于书面语。" } }, { "id": "bd89f26551", "word": "依存", "reading": "いぞん", "romaji": "izon", "meanings": [ "dependence", "dependent", "reliance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1575870, "other_readings": [ "いそん" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それはすべて天候に依存している。", "furigana": "それはすべて{天候|てんこう}に{依存|いぞん}している。", "en": "It all depends on the weather.", "tatoeba_id": 205489 }, { "ja": "子供は衣食住を親に依存している。", "furigana": "{子供|こども}は{衣食住|いしょくじゅう}を{親|おや}に{依存|いぞん}している。", "en": "Children depend on their parents for food, clothing and shelter.", "tatoeba_id": 168553 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6c90520f665d864ffce53a85b0998ddb1ec9ef47217e2f2859b93f576377c0d6", "meanings": [ "依赖", "依存" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それはすべて天候に依存している。", "zh": "那完全取决于天气。" }, { "ja": "子供は衣食住を親に依存している。", "zh": "孩子在衣食住方面依赖父母。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bd89f26551", "JMdict ent_seq 1575870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0bd47c8839df8fe25c66d036efa85b343d1a2ecaef851e9763a661d816d1b560", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "65258065e5", "word": "委託", "reading": "いたく", "romaji": "itaku", "meanings": [ "consign (goods (for sale) to a firm)", "entrust (person with something)", "commit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1156160, "examples": [ { "ja": "ベンは日記を弁護士が管理するよう委託した。", "furigana": "ベンは{日記|にっき}を{弁護士|べんごし}が{管理|かんり}するよう{委託|いたく}した。", "en": "Ben committed his diary to the lawyer's care.", "tatoeba_id": 196612 }, { "ja": "僕は、有り金をすべて彼に委託した。", "furigana": "{僕|ぼく}は、{有|あ}り{金|がね}をすべて{彼|かれ}に{委託|いたく}した。", "en": "I trusted him with all the money I had.", "tatoeba_id": 82144 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a78a752bca110c10291f2ee1cae73bde9309472e9cafc256674bd10989fb9783", "meanings": [ "委托" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ベンは日記を弁護士が管理するよう委託した。", "zh": "本委托律师管理日记。" }, { "ja": "僕は、有り金をすべて彼に委託した。", "zh": "我把身上所有的钱都托付给了他。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/65258065e5", "JMdict ent_seq 1156160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cf727115c337e47006615b426069be26881286ec485e25478d69789b79657445", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "97698d32b7", "word": "頂", "reading": "いただき", "romaji": "itadaki", "meanings": [ "(top of) head", "summit", "spire" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1430200, "examples": [ { "ja": "今朝起きてみると、山の頂が雪におおわれていた。", "furigana": "{今朝|けさ}{起|お}きてみると、{山|やま}の{頂|いただき}が{雪|ゆき}におおわれていた。", "en": "I awoke this morning to find the summit of the mountain covered with snow.", "tatoeba_id": 172231 }, { "ja": "その山の頂は、雪で覆われている。", "furigana": "その{山|やま}の{頂|いただき}は、{雪|ゆき}で{覆|おお}われている。", "en": "The summit of the mountain is covered with snow.", "tatoeba_id": 210457 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4f51789eed373b83d63aa98a496726a5d7d803047ba5f9c2e26e8d2dbeae3cee", "meanings": [ "顶", "山顶" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "今朝起きてみると、山の頂が雪におおわれていた。", "zh": "今天早晨醒来，山顶被雪覆盖了。" }, { "ja": "その山の頂は、雪で覆われている。", "zh": "那座山的山顶被雪覆盖。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/97698d32b7", "JMdict ent_seq 1430200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1783730014718f20c73574d0ea4befaf52004818ddbe57a0f990b3ee4068a643", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a5e340a2e7", "word": "至って", "reading": "いたって", "romaji": "itatte", "meanings": [ "very much", "exceedingly", "extremely" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1311850, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は至って健康で、風邪ひとつひきません。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{至|いた}って{健康|けんこう}で、{風邪|かぜ}ひとつひきません。", "en": "I am quite healthy and have had no cold.", "tatoeba_id": 156471 }, { "ja": "準備運動からバタ足の練習まで滞りなく進み、レッスンは至って順調。", "furigana": "{準備運動|じゅんびうんどう}からバタ{足|あし}の{練習|れんしゅう}まで{滞|とどこお}りなく{進|すす}み、レッスンは{至|いた}って{順調|じゅんちょう}。", "en": "Proceeding from warm-up exercises to leg kick practice without a hitch, the lesson went completely smoothly.", "tatoeba_id": 76028 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3617b598e1892f4d22688c2947be1bec13364276a9299734e4978346a18257a6", "meanings": [ "非常", "极其" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は至って健康で、風邪ひとつひきません。", "zh": "我身体非常健康，连感冒都不患。" }, { "ja": "準備運動からバタ足の練習まで滞りなく進み、レッスンは至って順調。", "zh": "从准备运动到打腿练习都顺利进行，课程进展非常顺利。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a5e340a2e7", "JMdict ent_seq 1311850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "68099649a0c58e68115235d1a3b689a2c806c9277175ca01b7a7c09b7b41c4cc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "副词，强调程度很高。" } }, { "id": "eb3966f9f5", "word": "痛む", "reading": "いたむ", "romaji": "itamu", "meanings": [ "to hurt", "to feel a pain", "to be injured" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1432710, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はいま歯が痛むのでよくかむことができない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はいま{歯|は}が{痛|いた}むのでよくかむことができない。", "en": "He can't chew well, because he has a toothache now.", "tatoeba_id": 114408 }, { "ja": "その療法は少し痛むのでしょうか。", "furigana": "その{療法|りょうほう}は{少|すこ}し{痛|いた}むのでしょうか。", "en": "Will the therapy cause me any pain?", "tatoeba_id": 206213 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a62aef4a7e3984005a7ee2664db5e0fe7507fb3f20b233385bff11e3b1e561ca", "meanings": [ "疼痛" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はいま歯が痛むのでよくかむことができない。", "zh": "他现在牙疼，不能好好咀嚼。" }, { "ja": "その療法は少し痛むのでしょうか。", "zh": "那种疗法会有点疼吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/eb3966f9f5", "JMdict ent_seq 1432710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6a4ed223c30b79f02983f8caf4c57544e89f31723464d67b50b8dad68a880f3f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ce5fc44451", "word": "痛める", "reading": "いためる", "romaji": "itameru", "meanings": [ "to hurt", "to injure", "to cause pain", "to worry", "to bother", "to afflict", "to be grieved over" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1432720, "examples": [ { "ja": "転んで手首を痛めました。", "furigana": "{転|ころ}んで{手首|てくび}を{痛|いた}めました。", "en": "I fell down and hurt my wrist.", "tatoeba_id": 124958 }, { "ja": "彼は読書のしすぎで目を痛めた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{読書|どくしょ}のしすぎで{目|め}を{痛|いた}めた。", "en": "He strained his eyes by reading too much.", "tatoeba_id": 101585 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d02dafa956f64bc1da2c031887268e543bcf26508a9415926e0e1155b5cfd59e", "meanings": [ "弄伤", "伤害" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "転んで手首を痛めました。", "zh": "我摔倒时伤了手腕。" }, { "ja": "彼は読書のしすぎで目を痛めた。", "zh": "他看书过度伤了眼睛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ce5fc44451", "JMdict ent_seq 1432720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a80a7d157fcd23de12237d8946222f2b2352a3bdea492748e4c2a840646033b4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "57c6c0ff93", "word": "炒める", "reading": "いためる", "romaji": "itameru", "meanings": [ "to stir-fry" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1568920, "examples": [ { "ja": "ルーは、バターと小麦粉を炒めながら作ります。", "furigana": "ルーは、バターと{小麦粉|こむぎこ}を{炒|いた}めながら{作|つく}ります。", "en": "Roux is made while cooking flour and butter together.", "tatoeba_id": 76369 }, { "ja": "私はフライパンで野菜を炒めた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はフライパンで{野菜|やさい}を{炒|いた}めた。", "en": "I pan-fried vegetables.", "tatoeba_id": 159008 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4c05373ed691d2878e8d47d8e4876c762027bf0711f4b0a78823a5dadff3d872", "meanings": [ "炒" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ルーは、バターと小麦粉を炒めながら作ります。", "zh": "炒黄油和面粉来制作面糊。" }, { "ja": "私はフライパンで野菜を炒めた。", "zh": "我在平底锅里炒了蔬菜。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/57c6c0ff93", "JMdict ent_seq 1568920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1db0fdb29be085cffee4fedae1380b8465051501ae9e27912dc84ce5f74c8fb0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "537ad36361", "word": "労る", "reading": "いたわる", "romaji": "itawaru", "meanings": [ "to pity", "to sympathize with", "to console", "to care for", "to be kind to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1560240, "examples": [ { "ja": "老人をいたわりなさい。", "furigana": "{老人|ろうじん}をいたわりなさい。", "en": "Be kind to old people.", "tatoeba_id": 77263 }, { "ja": "私は病気の姉をいたわった。", "en": "I took care of my sick sister.", "tatoeba_id": 153075 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "33d87820aa4836b5c4da09f0f1ccd5b4b96a363169f47c846a0416ad82c12712", "meanings": [ "体恤", "照顾" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "老人をいたわりなさい。", "zh": "请体恤老人。" }, { "ja": "私は病気の姉をいたわった。", "zh": "我照顾生病的姐姐。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/537ad36361", "JMdict ent_seq 1560240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a542669be3dbd52813d281d5a672f7003a7b293febf09ebfec64ad1ea77083cb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2f38551629", "word": "一概に", "reading": "いちがいに", "romaji": "ichigaini", "meanings": [ "unconditionally", "as a rule" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1161390, "examples": [ { "ja": "そうですね。一概には言えませんね。", "en": "Yes, well, that depends.", "tatoeba_id": 213836 }, { "ja": "人を年齢だけで一概に判断できない。", "en": "You cannot judge people solely by age." }, { "ja": "どちらがよいとは一概に言えない。", "en": "You cannot say categorically which is better." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6067fcbe3fe5cc8a681390a555345166c4bce6e2fb9743fcc0ef8c35a0993eba", "meanings": [ "一概而论", "一律" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そうですね。一概には言えませんね。", "zh": "是啊，不能一概而论。" }, { "ja": "人を年齢だけで一概に判断できない。", "zh": "不能只凭年龄一概判断人。" }, { "ja": "どちらがよいとは一概に言えない。", "zh": "不能一概而论哪个更好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2f38551629", "JMdict ent_seq 1161390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f03f4985766eedf523a555947123fdfe1511ac7663cce0dba137cd109a63e469", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4f60e61ae2", "word": "一見", "reading": "いちげん", "romaji": "ichigen", "meanings": [ "unfamiliar", "never before met" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1727890, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの店、一見さんでも入れるのかな。", "furigana": "あの{店|みせ}、{一見|いちげん}さんでも{入|い}れるのかな。", "en": "I wonder if that restaurant accepts unfamiliar customers.", "tatoeba_id": 230567 }, { "ja": "この店は一見の客も歓迎する。", "en": "This shop welcomes first-time customers too." }, { "ja": "一見では入れない店もある。", "en": "Some establishments do not admit first-time visitors without an introduction." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5f6da0697911a839755cde3096204d321963868ef42b6951d3cafdb9a0b19e61", "meanings": [ "初次到访的客人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの店、一見さんでも入れるのかな。", "zh": "那家店第一次去的客人也能进吗？" }, { "ja": "この店は一見の客も歓迎する。", "zh": "这家店也欢迎初次到访的客人。" }, { "ja": "一見では入れない店もある。", "zh": "有些店不接待没有介绍的初次到访者。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4f60e61ae2", "JMdict ent_seq 1727890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fafdeb9ff22a0dc6ad6f48099a558a086120b51f9923a0868dae5971aba5c5c1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1d578a6738", "word": "一定", "reading": "いちじょう", "romaji": "ichijou", "meanings": [ "certainly", "verily", "certain", "inevitable" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adj-nari", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2859332, "examples": [ { "ja": "「一定（いちじょう）」は「確かに」という意味を表す。", "en": "The dated reading ichijō of 一定 means “certainly”." }, { "ja": "古い文章では「一定」を「いちじょう」と読むことがある。", "en": "In older writing, 一定 can be read ichijō." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "200eb3f1fa165735216d23e39796f1361393c0bbaabb398035da7de8e39d316c", "meanings": [ "确实", "一定" ], "notes": "いちじょう是旧式读法：作副词表示“确实”，古语中亦可表示必然；现代常见的“固定、一定”通常读いってい。", "examples": [ { "ja": "「一定（いちじょう）」は「確かに」という意味を表す。", "zh": "“一定”读作いちじょう时，是旧式说法，表示“确实”。" }, { "ja": "古い文章では「一定」を「いちじょう」と読むことがある。", "zh": "古文中“一定”有时读作いちじょう。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1d578a6738", "JMdict ent_seq 2859332; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7e1299f31575bd3d33bdd98c83923707b7c6712106e84dc14d32c91ae84a271b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "241f51574c", "word": "著しい", "reading": "いちじるしい", "romaji": "ichijirushii", "meanings": [ "remarkable", "considerable" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1427070, "examples": [ { "ja": "科学は著しく進歩した。", "furigana": "{科学|かがく}は{著|いちじる}しく{進歩|しんぽ}した。", "en": "Science has made remarkable progress.", "tatoeba_id": 186864 }, { "ja": "両者の間には著しい違いがある。", "furigana": "{両者|りょうしゃ}の{間|あいだ}には{著|いちじる}しい{違|ちが}いがある。", "en": "There are noticeable differences between the two.", "tatoeba_id": 78089 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ac21d31dcf38f4c1a46fce7dcc837679d52b35057ba6aa740c4c08b30f5e26b0", "meanings": [ "显著", "明显" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "科学は著しく進歩した。", "zh": "科学取得了显著进步。" }, { "ja": "両者の間には著しい違いがある。", "zh": "两者之间有显著差异。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/241f51574c", "JMdict ent_seq 1427070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f03e88161b601a8332ed5ecbfdb05364308bb44418cd97e911c8cdff15af5ff5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0b6a6ef3da", "word": "一同", "reading": "いちどう", "romaji": "ichidou", "meanings": [ "all present", "all concerned", "all of us" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1165340, "examples": [ { "ja": "一同を代表して、歓迎の意を表します。", "furigana": "{一同|いちどう}を{代表|だいひょう}して、{歓迎|かんげい}の{意|い}を{表|あらわ}します。", "en": "On behalf of the company, I welcome you.", "tatoeba_id": 190289 }, { "ja": "司祭は会衆一同を祝福した。", "furigana": "{司祭|しさい}は{会衆|かいしゅう}{一同|いちどう}を{祝福|しゅくふく}した。", "en": "The priest blessed the congregation.", "tatoeba_id": 168980 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6a4d2e66e180014d6e88b0aab7144a8a8be38707dffc308c202f8733c7b1e2f5", "meanings": [ "全体", "在场所有人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "一同を代表して、歓迎の意を表します。", "zh": "我代表全体表示欢迎。" }, { "ja": "司祭は会衆一同を祝福した。", "zh": "神父为全体会众祝福。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0b6a6ef3da", "JMdict ent_seq 1165340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7869fc244ec92627a1ee3456a5a99173c74403f788aee5ce4258abecedd00a1e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8e0babd804", "word": "一部", "reading": "いちぶ", "romaji": "ichibu", "meanings": [ "one copy e.g. of a document", "a part", "partly", "some" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1166180, "examples": [ { "ja": "太陽、月、星は宇宙の一部である。", "furigana": "{太陽|たいよう}、{月|つき}、{星|ほし}は{宇宙|うちゅう}の{一部|いちぶ}である。", "en": "The sun, moon, and stars are all part of the universe.", "tatoeba_id": 138207 }, { "ja": "彼は資金の一部を寄付に頼っていた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{資金|しきん}の{一部|いちぶ}を{寄付|きふ}に{頼|たよ}っていた。", "en": "He was dependent on contribution for a part of capital.", "tatoeba_id": 105397 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5747fe97e6d28f4ad0113b682c9a9bca617cfb6453ae7cd1a5f154236e0a8314", "meanings": [ "一部分", "一份" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "太陽、月、星は宇宙の一部である。", "zh": "太阳、月亮和星星都是宇宙的一部分。" }, { "ja": "彼は資金の一部を寄付に頼っていた。", "zh": "他的一部分资金依靠捐款。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8e0babd804", "JMdict ent_seq 1166180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2da7434486306e8195d7f3f859706a171809f7a2893eac2d48aa04c6d23e3349", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a9862719ca", "word": "一部分", "reading": "いちぶぶん", "romaji": "ichibubun", "meanings": [ "a part" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1166200, "examples": [ { "ja": "その建物の一部分だけが地震で破壊された。", "furigana": "その{建物|たてもの}の{一部分|いちぶぶん}だけが{地震|じしん}で{破壊|はかい}された。", "en": "Only part of the building has been destroyed by the earthquake.", "tatoeba_id": 211048 }, { "ja": "北海道の一部分はまだ自然のままの状態で残っている。", "furigana": "{北海道|ほっかいどう}の{一部分|いちぶぶん}はまだ{自然|しぜん}のままの{状態|じょうたい}で{残|のこ}っている。", "en": "Part of Hokkaido still remains in its natural state.", "tatoeba_id": 82442 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0d6492ee5a9bc8e2e3f25996d9be2c5e30e7eb53b19eecb5f1e0b30cafe93b4c", "meanings": [ "一部分" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その建物の一部分だけが地震で破壊された。", "zh": "那栋建筑只有一部分在地震中被毁。" }, { "ja": "北海道の一部分はまだ自然のままの状態で残っている。", "zh": "北海道的一部分仍保留着自然状态。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a9862719ca", "JMdict ent_seq 1166200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "eb0ca42c94088bdd18589fccd8177ef4a2fa1c5e90de1eb7475d7f77801266c6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5a16851bd6", "word": "一別", "reading": "いちべつ", "romaji": "ichibetsu", "meanings": [ "parting" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1166400, "examples": [ { "ja": "友人と一別して故郷へ帰った。", "en": "I parted from my friend and returned home." }, { "ja": "一別以来、彼とは会っていない。", "en": "I have not seen him since we parted." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "74182554834c8ba9757a08a678684f6aad5fdf52f1cf329eb41511ba462b2923", "meanings": [ "离别" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "友人と一別して故郷へ帰った。", "zh": "我与朋友告别后回到了故乡。" }, { "ja": "一別以来、彼とは会っていない。", "zh": "自从分别后，我没有见过他。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5a16851bd6", "JMdict ent_seq 1166400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "95c686634f44392a08e37bd71dcbc06567b382c591b32f52a8b616d63de5e522", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9a43e5dbf7", "word": "一面", "reading": "いちめん", "romaji": "ichimen", "meanings": [ "one side", "one phase", "front page", "the other hand", "the whole surface" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1166870, "examples": [ { "ja": "地面は一面の雪に覆われていた。", "furigana": "{地面|じめん}は{一面|いちめん}の{雪|ゆき}に{覆|おお}われていた。", "en": "The ground lay beneath a blanket of snow.", "tatoeba_id": 126824 }, { "ja": "彼は新聞を取り上げて何気なく１面を眺めた。", "en": "He picked up the newspaper and glanced casually over the front page.", "tatoeba_id": 103748 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a607b33686ad1dcc9afd7be73a9e9f46f24a6b93fd0a55718115f5d6d2200872", "meanings": [ "一面", "整个表面", "头版" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "地面は一面の雪に覆われていた。", "zh": "地面全部被雪覆盖。" }, { "ja": "彼は新聞を取り上げて何気なく１面を眺めた。", "zh": "他拿起报纸，随意看了看头版。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9a43e5dbf7", "JMdict ent_seq 1166870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fda359a327de9f23a566d17aaf58f861d82cea959e3c14015e3c16a163c0a938", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "一面可指整个表面、一方面或报纸头版。" } }, { "id": "e183ec9f8c", "word": "一目", "reading": "いちもく", "romaji": "ichimoku", "meanings": [ "a glance", "a look", "a glimpse" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 2810460, "examples": [ { "ja": "何としても海をひと目みたいものだ。", "en": "I ache for a sight of the sea.", "tatoeba_id": 187770 }, { "ja": "彼は一目見て彼女に恋をした。", "en": "He fell in love with her at first sight.", "tatoeba_id": 109851 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c4044e0a4a868fa96aaff6cef172f8d7cd48a26532bfba88896ad3751c5aaf02", "meanings": [ "一眼" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "何としても海をひと目みたいものだ。", "zh": "无论如何都想看一眼大海。" }, { "ja": "彼は一目見て彼女に恋をした。", "zh": "他对她一见钟情。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e183ec9f8c", "JMdict ent_seq 2810460; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "eb8d024156a61011f1fa4a15529d87a66bfad9eee96c3775be991b1c28615cf3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "312c69ed58", "word": "一様", "reading": "いちよう", "romaji": "ichiyou", "meanings": [ "uniformity", "evenness", "similarity", "equality", "impartiality" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1167130, "examples": [ { "ja": "参加者の意見は一様ではない。", "en": "Participants do not all have the same opinion." }, { "ja": "同じ色が一様に広がっている。", "en": "The same color spreads uniformly." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c6696b8993aabaf8023c94fe3377361688d79c491ad9474beadb1d370bcca94c", "meanings": [ "均一", "一律" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "参加者の意見は一様ではない。", "zh": "参加者的意见并不一致。" }, { "ja": "同じ色が一様に広がっている。", "zh": "同一种颜色均匀地铺展开来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/312c69ed58", "JMdict ent_seq 1167130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e1b9a9b2f149da4d89a2ccf457e674e555a9e5a5ca461b7a5b5d392a89a4100b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e190e9818a", "word": "一律", "reading": "いちりつ", "romaji": "ichiritsu", "meanings": [ "evenness", "uniformity", "monotony", "equality" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "adj-na", "adv", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1167250, "examples": [ { "ja": "料金を一律に引き上げた。", "en": "Fees were raised uniformly." }, { "ja": "全員に一律の基準を適用する。", "en": "The same standard applies to everyone." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "76b4a5eeca7ad9f1a4aedbc06c508c35f1d5d6cda0b30e7cfe027478c89e0f39", "meanings": [ "一律", "统一" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "料金を一律に引き上げた。", "zh": "费用一律上调了。" }, { "ja": "全員に一律の基準を適用する。", "zh": "对所有人适用统一标准。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e190e9818a", "JMdict ent_seq 1167250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "50f53de969b72183f6913c9a8d8161aa1d6abf20958693de97a12ee7c973a9fa", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fe6273e5ef", "word": "一連", "reading": "いちれん", "romaji": "ichiren", "meanings": [ "a series", "a chain", "a ream (of paper)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1167450, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは一連の音楽会を開催した。", "en": "They gave a series of concerts.", "tatoeba_id": 97530 }, { "ja": "彼はＵＣＬＡで日本文学に関して一連の講義をした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はＵＣＬＡで{日本文学|にほんぶんがく}に{関|かん}して{一連|いちれん}の{講義|こうぎ}をした。", "en": "He gave a series of lectures on Japanese literature at UCLA.", "tatoeba_id": 114995 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b5c52cd938367ecdc96bb162ef156c055566150f1621e6eee0a95bd79b7e3d28", "meanings": [ "一系列" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは一連の音楽会を開催した。", "zh": "他们举办了一系列音乐会。" }, { "ja": "彼はＵＣＬＡで日本文学に関して一連の講義をした。", "zh": "他在加州大学洛杉矶分校作了一系列关于日本文学的讲座。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fe6273e5ef", "JMdict ent_seq 1167450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2afe403ec92565f4c5b43ef31703b8614de9552a0e1ae749b2cd9dc1b724701d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "da18ebb396", "word": "一括", "reading": "いっかつ", "romaji": "ikkatsu", "meanings": [ "all together", "batch", "one lump", "one bundle", "summing up" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1161470, "examples": [ { "ja": "それらの議題は一括して取り上げられた。", "furigana": "それらの{議題|ぎだい}は{一括|いっかつ}して{取|と}り{上|あ}げられた。", "en": "Those agenda items were taken up en bloc for discussion.", "tatoeba_id": 204760 }, { "ja": "物はすべて一括して買うとやすい。", "furigana": "{物|もの}はすべて{一括|いっかつ}して{買|か}うとやすい。", "en": "You can get anything less expensive in bulk.", "tatoeba_id": 83832 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ef8f728e5155e07a468321a1f27802d910ae7ab4819cd3d13eb542ce928835f7", "meanings": [ "汇总", "一并" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それらの議題は一括して取り上げられた。", "zh": "那些议题被一并讨论。" }, { "ja": "物はすべて一括して買うとやすい。", "zh": "东西全部一起买会便宜。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/da18ebb396", "JMdict ent_seq 1161470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a7f5781f4aff81ed103f6504e4bb76ea774c0f9f02bd921a286aec614441b500", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5db17b4a79", "word": "一気", "reading": "いっき", "romaji": "ikki", "meanings": [ "in one go", "at a stretch", "one breath" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "int" ], "jmdict_id": 1161720, "examples": [ { "ja": "今こそ一気に取引をまとめるときだ。", "furigana": "{今|いま}こそ{一気|いっき}に{取引|とりひき}をまとめるときだ。", "en": "Now is the time to clinch the deal.", "tatoeba_id": 172860 }, { "ja": "その報告書を一気に書き上げた。", "furigana": "その{報告書|ほうこくしょ}を{一気|いっき}に{書|か}き{上|あ}げた。", "en": "I dashed off the report.", "tatoeba_id": 206784 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ec3e269274f1e0827b2499f58f55189dffdee5817b6cb83f1075fb51f0d0c487", "meanings": [ "一口气", "一鼓作气" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "今こそ一気に取引をまとめるときだ。", "zh": "现在正是一鼓作气敲定交易的时候。" }, { "ja": "その報告書を一気に書き上げた。", "zh": "我一口气写完了那份报告。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5db17b4a79", "JMdict ent_seq 1161720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ea591fc58f048f7b30cccc5b6d4520423ab653fcc184f7f8af9b4f7e0126c26d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b46bd7a8fa", "word": "一挙に", "reading": "いっきょに", "romaji": "ikkyoni", "meanings": [ "at a stroke", "with a single swoop" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1609220, "examples": [ { "ja": "問題を一挙に解決するのは難しい。", "en": "It is difficult to solve the problems all at once." }, { "ja": "新しい制度が一挙に広まった。", "en": "The new system spread rapidly all at once." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "68547ca0f0068ffc4d713e940d58ad99b936d30d94f3249bbffecb33669857d3", "meanings": [ "一举", "一下子" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "問題を一挙に解決するのは難しい。", "zh": "很难一下子解决所有问题。" }, { "ja": "新しい制度が一挙に広まった。", "zh": "新制度一下子广泛传播开来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b46bd7a8fa", "JMdict ent_seq 1609220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "49aef0d409fc17cd7c67ab29434aab480b7ba646c8d9b1736a5a4d32a130cb6e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0bf76a38ae", "word": "一切", "reading": "いっさい", "romaji": "issai", "meanings": [ "all", "everything", "without exception", "the whole", "entirely", "absolutely" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1164170, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私に食べ物を一切くれなかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{私|わたし}に{食|た}べ{物|もの}を{一切|いっさい}くれなかった。", "en": "He didn't give me anything to eat.", "tatoeba_id": 106034 }, { "ja": "彼は一切の論議に耳を貸さなかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{一切|いっさい}の{論議|ろんぎ}に{耳|みみ}を{貸|か}さなかった。", "en": "He was deaf to all arguments.", "tatoeba_id": 109915 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7cccb7c667a6b0678377087242e9d77ab76408e93919d45034eaff08fe6400e4", "meanings": [ "一切", "完全不" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私に食べ物を一切くれなかった。", "zh": "他一点食物也没给我。" }, { "ja": "彼は一切の論議に耳を貸さなかった。", "zh": "他不听任何讨论。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0bf76a38ae", "JMdict ent_seq 1164170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "80530752639facae98f1ac278c2249751b418d83507635d00992393bad41fc00", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e4d22132c5", "word": "一心", "reading": "いっしん", "romaji": "isshin", "meanings": [ "one mind", "wholeheartedness", "the whole heart" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1163580, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は一心に祈っていた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{一心|いっしん}に{祈|いの}っていた。", "en": "She was rapt in prayer.", "tatoeba_id": 91166 }, { "ja": "そのピアニストの演奏中、彼らは一心に耳を傾けた。", "en": "They were all ears while the pianist was playing.", "tatoeba_id": 212710 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "72386e07c49dd287ecd872b6a58a41e6025ca690fa1755549a1456555fb822f3", "meanings": [ "一心", "专心" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は一心に祈っていた。", "zh": "她一心祈祷着。" }, { "ja": "そのピアニストの演奏中、彼らは一心に耳を傾けた。", "zh": "钢琴家演奏时，他们专心聆听。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e4d22132c5", "JMdict ent_seq 1163580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8b9592fa00fb4ef86f39328abee08600d185c80639e359215fc91784a0cba080", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "一心に表示专心致志。" } }, { "id": "2718829b22", "word": "いっそ", "reading": "いっそ", "romaji": "isso", "meanings": [ "rather", "sooner", "might as well" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 2613280, "examples": [ { "ja": "いっそ電車で行こう。", "en": "We might as well go by train." }, { "ja": "迷うならいっそ断ろう。", "en": "If you are unsure, you might as well decline." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "871b2466e96af0d130ced85129dbce431106da2ca9f8bebf8abb0b073d749b59", "meanings": [ "索性", "干脆" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "いっそ電車で行こう。", "zh": "干脆坐电车去吧。" }, { "ja": "迷うならいっそ断ろう。", "zh": "如果犹豫不决，干脆拒绝吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2718829b22", "JMdict ent_seq 2613280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d55d75084643b3df88ab0b984c4e478e6b2474147250cd9e12f7b5179dcba85f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7ffd6e68aa", "word": "一帯", "reading": "いったい", "romaji": "ittai", "meanings": [ "a region", "a zone", "the whole place" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1164570, "examples": [ { "ja": "雨があたり一帯に降っている。", "furigana": "{雨|あめ}があたり{一帯|いったい}に{降|ふ}っている。", "en": "The rain is raining all around.", "tatoeba_id": 189844 }, { "ja": "ここを中心とする一帯が爆撃された。", "furigana": "ここを{中心|ちゅうしん}とする{一帯|いったい}が{爆撃|ばくげき}された。", "en": "The area the center of which is here was bombed.", "tatoeba_id": 224242 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3903446300f482b9c3fdf598bf42e0f18dad52e956b3b8848f3a8d1665dc07ed", "meanings": [ "一带", "整个地区" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "雨があたり一帯に降っている。", "zh": "雨落在附近整个地区。" }, { "ja": "ここを中心とする一帯が爆撃された。", "zh": "以这里为中心的一带遭到了轰炸。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7ffd6e68aa", "JMdict ent_seq 1164570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "09d584f6180b7d7f2be79549226d6035e0b28ae3ccc29e3285bdfaf4879db125", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ae82b5d72e", "word": "一敗", "reading": "いっぱい", "romaji": "ippai", "meanings": [ "one defeat" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1165660, "examples": [ { "ja": "これからの星勘定を考えると、一敗もしたくない！", "furigana": "これからの{星勘定|ほしかんじょう}を{考|かんが}えると、{一敗|いっぱい}もしたくない！", "en": "When I think of our standing in the series from now I don't want us to lose even once!", "tatoeba_id": 627886 }, { "ja": "チームは今季一敗しかしていない。", "en": "The team has lost only once this season." }, { "ja": "一敗しても次の試合に集中する。", "en": "Even after one defeat, focus on the next match." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ad90fbaf0e24b6f150582a721d8d280df2cbf99fde9e803c7e82b527b9214e23", "meanings": [ "一败", "输一次" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これからの星勘定を考えると、一敗もしたくない！", "zh": "考虑到今后的胜负，我一次都不想输！" }, { "ja": "チームは今季一敗しかしていない。", "zh": "球队本赛季只输了一场。" }, { "ja": "一敗しても次の試合に集中する。", "zh": "即使输了一场，也要专注下一场比赛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ae82b5d72e", "JMdict ent_seq 1165660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b9b3ab6abffccc6e381dd1a4e6fd2177df655ade649c2dcfb6c3dc9c78d56d8f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "17cdd2798b", "word": "一変", "reading": "いっぺん", "romaji": "ippen", "meanings": [ "complete change", "about-face" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1166420, "examples": [ { "ja": "夫妻は化学を近代科学へと一変させた。", "furigana": "{夫妻|ふさい}は{化学|かがく}を{近代科学|きんだいかがく}へと{一変|いっぺん}させた。", "en": "The couple transformed chemistry into a modern science.", "tatoeba_id": 84983 }, { "ja": "新しい駅ができて町の様子は一変した。", "en": "The town changed completely when a new station was built." }, { "ja": "彼の表情が一変した。", "en": "His expression changed completely." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9ccdb92a7047b066389ebc586dff902d090a4496b6513a2b29668afd8b1a3745", "meanings": [ "骤变", "完全改变" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "夫妻は化学を近代科学へと一変させた。", "zh": "这对夫妇把化学彻底变成了现代科学。" }, { "ja": "新しい駅ができて町の様子は一変した。", "zh": "新车站建成后，城镇面貌焕然一新。" }, { "ja": "彼の表情が一変した。", "zh": "他的表情骤然改变。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/17cdd2798b", "JMdict ent_seq 1166420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "15186b343dcdd616f2736a221fa5807a09f4fe25611f8b57eb9138dbc7b3ad3b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "69063cb582", "word": "意図", "reading": "いと", "romaji": "ito", "meanings": [ "intention", "aim", "design" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1156690, "examples": [ { "ja": "意図していたものとかけ離れた結果となった。", "furigana": "{意図|いと}していたものとかけ{離|はな}れた{結果|けっか}となった。", "en": "It had an effect alien from the one intended.", "tatoeba_id": 191041 }, { "ja": "これはいったい何を意図しているのか。", "furigana": "これはいったい{何|なに}を{意図|いと}しているのか。", "en": "What's this in aid of?", "tatoeba_id": 218639 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9f298988c0a43b54ecd5e5496a5b41f44d1de97fc448352e2333cd319ad767b6", "meanings": [ "意图", "目的" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "意図していたものとかけ離れた結果となった。", "zh": "结果与原本的意图相去甚远。" }, { "ja": "これはいったい何を意図しているのか。", "zh": "这到底有什么意图？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/69063cb582", "JMdict ent_seq 1156690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6a00f517947bd247afefe85add09a06ef0f71c871cf9f55fb47810c91280a4a1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "deb93f291c", "word": "異動", "reading": "いどう", "romaji": "idou", "meanings": [ "a change" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1157970, "examples": [ { "ja": "来月、営業部に異動する。", "en": "I will transfer to the sales department next month." }, { "ja": "人事異動が発表された。", "en": "The personnel transfers were announced." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f1207190b37f2c347135877c84988fd755d12f231b8eee6de593d1d8532fdbc2", "meanings": [ "人事调动" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "来月、営業部に異動する。", "zh": "下个月我将调到销售部。" }, { "ja": "人事異動が発表された。", "zh": "人事调动公布了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/deb93f291c", "JMdict ent_seq 1157970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f9e98c05e16624ea56e2802e1db2afa567b96f2a05bd49c456cb7f8bbd04ac4a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cdd1146fbf", "word": "営む", "reading": "いとなむ", "romaji": "itonamu", "meanings": [ "to carry on (e.g. in ceremony)", "to run a business" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1173420, "examples": [ { "ja": "その島には漁業を営む人たちが住んでいた。", "en": "The island was inhabited by a fishing people.", "tatoeba_id": 207505 }, { "ja": "僕は事業を大規模に営んでいる。", "furigana": "{僕|ぼく}は{事業|じぎょう}を{大規模|だいきぼ}に{営|いとな}んでいる。", "en": "I am doing business on a large scale.", "tatoeba_id": 81877 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6260663d1ed0311d14013ad0133bfb121fa8c399081982fe4f7884f602901616", "meanings": [ "经营", "从事" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その島には漁業を営む人たちが住んでいた。", "zh": "岛上住着从事渔业的人。" }, { "ja": "僕は事業を大規模に営んでいる。", "zh": "我大规模经营事业。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cdd1146fbf", "JMdict ent_seq 1173420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f91decc0a281179c3ef9bfce303630f9febc4be3c046e2a2c3eb424d8d5d6734", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "334a8aa633", "word": "暇", "reading": "いとま", "romaji": "itoma", "meanings": [ "free time", "leisure", "leave", "spare time", "farewell" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2858986, "examples": [ { "ja": "忙しくて休む暇もない。", "en": "I am so busy that I have no time to rest." }, { "ja": "そろそろお暇いたします。", "en": "I should take my leave now." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "44413d6e23cb5cc129c2a645501e9e6c22b9bb5d37da2341d58821b9b47b68d6", "meanings": [ "空闲", "告辞" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "忙しくて休む暇もない。", "zh": "忙得连休息的时间都没有。" }, { "ja": "そろそろお暇いたします。", "zh": "我差不多该告辞了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/334a8aa633", "JMdict ent_seq 2858986; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "56e8f5aaf4d68f6b6743547f6b95d638354ab93422123adcc0efe1811b1f9cd7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "71377eae9e", "word": "挑む", "reading": "いどむ", "romaji": "idomu", "meanings": [ "to challenge", "to contend for", "to make love to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1428230, "examples": [ { "ja": "魔王が神に野球で勝負を挑んだ。", "furigana": "{魔王|まおう}が{神|かみ}に{野球|やきゅう}で{勝負|しょうぶ}を{挑|いど}んだ。", "en": "The devil challenged God to a baseball game.", "tatoeba_id": 81445 }, { "ja": "ベティは私にテニスの試合を挑んだ。", "furigana": "ベティは{私|わたし}にテニスの{試合|しあい}を{挑|いど}んだ。", "en": "Betty challenged me to a game of tennis.", "tatoeba_id": 196752 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "586a2c61da5491cb9ff4f15ae5001bc91cdba9d3a2b3566692b2ebed89dbdace", "meanings": [ "挑战" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "魔王が神に野球で勝負を挑んだ。", "zh": "魔王向神发起棒球挑战。" }, { "ja": "ベティは私にテニスの試合を挑んだ。", "zh": "贝蒂向我发起网球比赛挑战。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/71377eae9e", "JMdict ent_seq 1428230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "86fde8ad12311ae01f03ff267fe7475c8a99e9bbb4e97919890b128003b2030a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5d1ad6cf31", "word": "否", "reading": "いな", "romaji": "ina", "meanings": [ "no", "nay", "yes", "well" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "int" ], "jmdict_id": 2857381, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の答は「否」であった。", "en": "His answer was in the negative.", "tatoeba_id": 116416 }, { "ja": "それは長い手紙だったが、要するに彼は「否」と言っているのだった。", "en": "It was a long letter, but in brief, he said, \"No.\"", "tatoeba_id": 204981 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f7a682ef958a1addd1bb4ee7c57ba19bb69389bdf5c04f6017d41e2e2ec7509a", "meanings": [ "否", "不" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の答は「否」であった。", "zh": "他的回答是“不”。" }, { "ja": "それは長い手紙だったが、要するに彼は「否」と言っているのだった。", "zh": "那封信很长，但归根结底他是在说“不”。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5d1ad6cf31", "JMdict ent_seq 2857381; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f48f93c9973c4ee6d61d2585d7bf3afecf98789143af8b6f0ac085dfa622adaf", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "dab09239d8", "word": "稲光", "reading": "いなびかり", "romaji": "inabikari", "meanings": [ "(flash of) lightning" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1167850, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのジェット機は稲光より速かった。", "en": "Those jets were faster than lightning.", "tatoeba_id": 213060 }, { "ja": "ゆうべは雷がなって稲光がした。", "furigana": "ゆうべは{雷|かみなり}がなって{稲光|いなびかり}がした。", "en": "There was thunder and lightning last night.", "tatoeba_id": 192985 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4d0e504566a97b44e1fe7d04028c125b936a536e965a0859850f618c9a87b684", "meanings": [ "闪电" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのジェット機は稲光より速かった。", "zh": "那架喷气式飞机比闪电还快。" }, { "ja": "ゆうべは雷がなって稲光がした。", "zh": "昨晚打雷又闪电。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dab09239d8", "JMdict ent_seq 1167850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b5496453d9068c87dcc2990fa214e94af918799b4f18c4655feb84aab4b70eb5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6c4936ba30", "word": "古", "reading": "いにしえ", "romaji": "inishie", "meanings": [ "antiquity", "ancient times" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1265040, "examples": [ { "ja": "古の人々の暮らしを研究する。", "en": "I study how people lived in ancient times." }, { "ja": "古から伝わる物語を聞いた。", "en": "I heard a story handed down from ancient times." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8752591a8c33a2e4e9b54bc1205d5436e21f2348b95b233765a5edb89b74b8ca", "meanings": [ "古代", "往昔" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "古の人々の暮らしを研究する。", "zh": "我研究古人的生活。" }, { "ja": "古から伝わる物語を聞いた。", "zh": "我听了一个自古流传的故事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6c4936ba30", "JMdict ent_seq 1265040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "efa97d79446d540edf31a3733bf574a029618687ccf3854c38915d936e7e1bd4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a85f0694be", "word": "祈り", "reading": "いのり", "romaji": "inori", "meanings": [ "prayer", "supplication" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1222760, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はひざまずいて神に祈りをささげた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はひざまずいて{神|かみ}に{祈|いの}りをささげた。", "en": "She prayed to God on her knees.", "tatoeba_id": 91658 }, { "ja": "すぐによくなるよう、お祈りします。", "furigana": "すぐによくなるよう、お{祈|いの}りします。", "en": "I hope he'll get better soon.", "tatoeba_id": 214925 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "036e381fe6f1a9808278c812d346fc574a0a830614b07e45ebf2fac284c586c5", "meanings": [ "祈祷" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はひざまずいて神に祈りをささげた。", "zh": "她跪下向神祈祷。" }, { "ja": "すぐによくなるよう、お祈りします。", "zh": "祝愿你早日康复。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a85f0694be", "JMdict ent_seq 1222760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4372bbe1b546d66447bfe8096de6b084230ed9ff6c43ab821b5cfc6a7db7611c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e21dfd4766", "word": "鼾", "reading": "いびき", "romaji": "ibiki", "meanings": [ "snoring" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1575480, "examples": [ { "ja": "いびきとたばこの吸い過ぎは実際に関連がある。", "furigana": "いびきとたばこの{吸|す}い{過|す}ぎは{実際|じっさい}に{関連|かんれん}がある。", "en": "Snoring and excessive smoking are indeed related.", "tatoeba_id": 228569 }, { "ja": "いびきにかけては、スノーさんにかなうものはいない。", "en": "When it comes to snoring, no one can top Mr Snore.", "tatoeba_id": 228567 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b86fd9e34edd7b8a687cebf120f8c5a1999c3cb76ad6665d84057e6384fc40da", "meanings": [ "打鼾", "鼾声" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "いびきとたばこの吸い過ぎは実際に関連がある。", "zh": "打鼾和吸烟过量确实有关。" }, { "ja": "いびきにかけては、スノーさんにかなうものはいない。", "zh": "论打鼾，没有人比得过斯诺先生。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e21dfd4766", "JMdict ent_seq 1575480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "eabb243c050f3a43a6df578a8ad305c58b717288016c3027d8dc60d14bb5cddb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f7f8a306a6", "word": "今更", "reading": "いまさら", "romaji": "imasara", "meanings": [ "now", "at this late hour" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1289150, "examples": [ { "ja": "今更後悔しても無駄だ。", "en": "It's no use regretting it now.", "tatoeba_id": 228554 }, { "ja": "今更悔やんでも後の祭りだ。", "en": "It is too late to repent.", "tatoeba_id": 172417 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e829a82523049e88fcc18ff40343c0d681c8f149cd01fd78ef797f0bcbe4d030", "meanings": [ "事到如今" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "今更後悔しても無駄だ。", "zh": "事到如今后悔也没用。" }, { "ja": "今更悔やんでも後の祭りだ。", "zh": "事到如今后悔也来不及了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f7f8a306a6", "JMdict ent_seq 1289150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3754c262d8ef2e47d20b6347b1f64d8d9c9d38e497e5350182409f882eeabaee", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "30935266bc", "word": "未だ", "reading": "いまだ", "romaji": "imada", "meanings": [ "as yet", "hitherto", "not yet (neg)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1527110, "examples": [ { "ja": "問題はいまだ解決していない。", "en": "The problem remains unsolved." }, { "ja": "彼はいまだに連絡をくれない。", "en": "He still has not contacted me." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7825a213c965d60dccf69a2b3052b5cdc1faec615193fa7fe4fbfd2933574621", "meanings": [ "至今仍", "尚未" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "問題はいまだ解決していない。", "zh": "问题至今仍未解决。" }, { "ja": "彼はいまだに連絡をくれない。", "zh": "他至今仍没有联系我。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/30935266bc", "JMdict ent_seq 1527110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "19131fb2fc5f6334db50ff92e2bf78ffa0b21c2e68df6f6a4a0b43de6dbfff2c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "94fa2eb100", "word": "移民", "reading": "いみん", "romaji": "imin", "meanings": [ "emigration", "immigration", "emigrant", "immigrant" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1158440, "examples": [ { "ja": "ドイツの首相は移民問題に悩まされています。", "furigana": "ドイツの{首相|しゅしょう}は{移民|いみん}{問題|もんだい}に{悩|なや}まされています。", "en": "The German Chancellor is plagued by immigration problems.", "tatoeba_id": 201758 }, { "ja": "移民は流れを成してその国に入った。", "furigana": "{移民|いみん}は{流|なが}れを{成|な}してその{国|くに}に{入|はい}った。", "en": "Immigrants streamed into the land.", "tatoeba_id": 191006 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bd0f1c6937b7feb5c69e35998e0580d81419a2d9835f581f38fe5884513cfe74", "meanings": [ "移民" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ドイツの首相は移民問題に悩まされています。", "zh": "德国总理正为移民问题烦恼。" }, { "ja": "移民は流れを成してその国に入った。", "zh": "移民源源不断地进入那个国家。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/94fa2eb100", "JMdict ent_seq 1158440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3f9c4872ffa1e3f225ad71bbc3c9c1edb329faba93c264190d9387dea9c40586", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2b1903712a", "word": "いやいや", "reading": "いやいや", "romaji": "iyaiya", "meanings": [ "unwillingly", "grudgingly", "shaking head in refusal (to children)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1587620, "other_forms": [ "嫌々", "厭々" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その命令に嫌々従う兵もいた。", "en": "Some soldiers were reluctant to obey the commands.", "tatoeba_id": 206570 }, { "ja": "彼女は嫌々ながらヒロシと結婚した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{嫌々|いやいや}ながらヒロシと{結婚|けっこん}した。", "en": "She married Hiroshi against her will.", "tatoeba_id": 90258 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "59c1103e7db74bb124e14761b85676d18815908aa8b5894ecb1bc29109752da6", "meanings": [ "不情愿地" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その命令に嫌々従う兵もいた。", "zh": "有些士兵不情愿地服从了那个命令。" }, { "ja": "彼女は嫌々ながらヒロシと結婚した。", "zh": "她不情愿地嫁给了浩志。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2b1903712a", "JMdict ent_seq 1587620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e1e2a9b34f756d93e4b0c61003514b22ed0e7f74ebdb181ae5d5e5bf2c8945db", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "嫌々表示不情愿地做某事，不等于口头的“不是不是”。" } }, { "id": "4c6dd2408d", "word": "卑しい", "reading": "いやしい", "romaji": "iyashii", "meanings": [ "greedy", "vulgar", "shabby", "humble", "base", "mean", "vile" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1482660, "examples": [ { "ja": "卑しいことは絶対にしない。", "furigana": "{卑|いや}しいことは{絶対|ぜったい}にしない。", "en": "He is above all meanness.", "tatoeba_id": 121162 }, { "ja": "彼は卑しい振舞いをした。", "en": "He behaved in a cheap manner.", "tatoeba_id": 101211 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3450450a2333ab2b4d7f2f79df7b52be19147486d312fda817b2dc40ccc5844a", "meanings": [ "卑鄙", "低贱", "贪婪" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "卑しいことは絶対にしない。", "zh": "绝不做卑鄙的事。" }, { "ja": "彼は卑しい振舞いをした。", "zh": "他举止卑劣。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4c6dd2408d", "JMdict ent_seq 1482660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "aa412b4aad1d4f0b44add63ceaa1cb7c944691805dfd9a8eb28c959c63c62709", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cd9ffe0242", "word": "いやに", "reading": "いやに", "romaji": "iyani", "meanings": [ "awfully", "terribly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1000910, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は、今日はいやに礼儀正しい。", "en": "He is being very polite today.", "tatoeba_id": 115538 }, { "ja": "今日はいやに暑い。", "en": "It's awfully hot today.", "tatoeba_id": 171808 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "55ad676bb8234accd036e8f2b14c3353147f5b96cddc432d640e2031c1580121", "meanings": [ "异常地", "非常" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は、今日はいやに礼儀正しい。", "zh": "他今天礼貌得反常。" }, { "ja": "今日はいやに暑い。", "zh": "今天热得反常。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cd9ffe0242", "JMdict ent_seq 1000910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b7a0b116f4e5bd63e0f037b820c68bd6fc31a64267befe82a363894cbecd9a5d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f79e08fc6d", "word": "嫌らしい", "reading": "いやらしい", "romaji": "iyarashii", "meanings": [ "detestable", "disagreeable" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1257270, "other_forms": [ "厭らしい" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女の厚化粧が嫌らしい。", "en": "Her thick makeup is disgusting.", "tatoeba_id": 94439 }, { "ja": "なんていやらしい男でしょう。", "furigana": "なんていやらしい{男|おとこ}でしょう。", "en": "What a nasty man he is!", "tatoeba_id": 198946 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0da8b1c4dda0bc33ef1cf44843767fa7abec36175addad7dc65c1c13fac0b350", "meanings": [ "讨厌", "下流" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女の厚化粧が嫌らしい。", "zh": "她浓妆艳抹令人讨厌。" }, { "ja": "なんていやらしい男でしょう。", "zh": "多么下流的男人啊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f79e08fc6d", "JMdict ent_seq 1257270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "af3e7fa4dddc191a7db903de403099d2c76d06ae2beb144490acec9ff32c0780", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6a8979ffef", "word": "意欲", "reading": "いよく", "romaji": "iyoku", "meanings": [ "will", "desire", "ambition" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1587690, "examples": [ { "ja": "その老人は生きる意欲をなくした。", "furigana": "その{老人|ろうじん}は{生|い}きる{意欲|いよく}をなくした。", "en": "The old man lost the will to live.", "tatoeba_id": 206112 }, { "ja": "何より大切なのは、英語をマスターしようという強い意欲である。", "en": "What is most important is your strong will to master English.", "tatoeba_id": 187637 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f2c6db141d688a03e0994f456e0c5fd28c2b95b9b8b760ca4ad2c530f6800bd0", "meanings": [ "意愿", "干劲" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その老人は生きる意欲をなくした。", "zh": "那位老人失去了活下去的意愿。" }, { "ja": "何より大切なのは、英語をマスターしようという強い意欲である。", "zh": "最重要的是掌握英语的强烈意愿。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6a8979ffef", "JMdict ent_seq 1587690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "316cc4fe18427ca4e546421ea2cdb430934604ce2c8f8b26214849817c7d71ee", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a672cac6f3", "word": "衣料", "reading": "いりょう", "romaji": "iryou", "meanings": [ "clothing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1158830, "examples": [ { "ja": "衣料品がだぶついている。", "en": "We have an oversupply of clothing.", "tatoeba_id": 190976 }, { "ja": "その店ではくつと衣料が売られている。", "furigana": "その{店|みせ}ではくつと{衣料|いりょう}が{売|う}られている。", "en": "They deal in shoes and clothes at that store.", "tatoeba_id": 207661 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1d37007cea5b9c7626bf0f9bed917c96b83ec7ef9e4ed9eccae17c3ae045c0af", "meanings": [ "衣料", "衣物" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "衣料品がだぶついている。", "zh": "衣物供过于求。" }, { "ja": "その店ではくつと衣料が売られている。", "zh": "那家店卖鞋和衣服。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a672cac6f3", "JMdict ent_seq 1158830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0d321087099ba859f16702744d100c155473d18e5936e5c4a320db5b7c7d876c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "896058a507", "word": "威力", "reading": "いりょく", "romaji": "iryoku", "meanings": [ "power", "might", "authority", "influence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1587770, "examples": [ { "ja": "台風の威力に驚いた。", "en": "I was shocked by the power of the typhoon." }, { "ja": "新しい機械は作業で威力を発揮した。", "en": "The new machine proved effective in the work." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3e066fb9ef330087251561db9db8c04544d0b6c1279a6ccf74baedd002df568a", "meanings": [ "威力", "力量" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "台風の威力に驚いた。", "zh": "我对台风的威力感到震惊。" }, { "ja": "新しい機械は作業で威力を発揮した。", "zh": "新机器在工作中发挥了威力。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/896058a507", "JMdict ent_seq 1587770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "69b91f881ad9bf7dda3af92221b42ffc966b3d93562ff8478e94c0275565d2bf", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0d79c7283f", "word": "入る", "reading": "いる", "romaji": "iru", "meanings": [ "to get in", "to go in", "to come in", "to flow into", "to set", "to set in" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1465580, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はお風呂に入っているんだ。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はお{風呂|ふろ}に{入|い}っているんだ。", "en": "I am taking a bath now.", "tatoeba_id": 161218 }, { "ja": "私が部屋に入ると彼らは拍手した。", "en": "As I entered the room, they applauded.", "tatoeba_id": 167434 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "109a548f66ba2fed6a7fc7bdb839a35b94062a1154589ed507af3d530a98b351", "meanings": [ "进入" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はお風呂に入っているんだ。", "zh": "我正在洗澡。" }, { "ja": "私が部屋に入ると彼らは拍手した。", "zh": "我进房间时，他们鼓掌了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0d79c7283f", "JMdict ent_seq 1465580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a4c501536a8badb048e9ffa6f4ac0993fc6d5ea6a9c7cc6122f90f4a9341958c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "16c8d1b9b7", "word": "衣類", "reading": "いるい", "romaji": "irui", "meanings": [ "clothes", "clothing", "garments" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1613280, "examples": [ { "ja": "男性用の衣類はゆったりしている。", "furigana": "{男性用|だんせいよう}の{衣類|いるい}はゆったりしている。", "en": "Men's clothing is loose fitting.", "tatoeba_id": 127144 }, { "ja": "上着は、衣類の１つである。", "furigana": "{上着|うわぎ}は、{衣類|いるい}の１つである。", "en": "A coat is an article of clothing.", "tatoeba_id": 146210 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0c2627cffb87266a7946d96803af4f78313bca591e2c47194a77b983fb8bd097", "meanings": [ "衣服", "衣物" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "男性用の衣類はゆったりしている。", "zh": "男装宽松。" }, { "ja": "上着は、衣類の１つである。", "zh": "外套是衣服的一种。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/16c8d1b9b7", "JMdict ent_seq 1613280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4157f27ec0ba24c6ad43b186ff5aa2252e64aface4cbef0d57ab3b93c966da5f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3f5fcba58b", "word": "異論", "reading": "いろん", "romaji": "iron", "meanings": [ "different opinion", "objection" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1158150, "examples": [ { "ja": "異論はないです。", "furigana": "{異論|いろん}はないです。", "en": "There is no objection on my part.", "tatoeba_id": 191010 }, { "ja": "学生側にはなんの異論もなかった。", "furigana": "{学生|がくせい}{側|がわ}にはなんの{異論|いろん}もなかった。", "en": "There was no objection on the part of the students.", "tatoeba_id": 184209 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c62214a46e36da3259a4e0423ac6a16cb47eee3220789b3d08b121d55336efcf", "meanings": [ "不同意见", "异议" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "異論はないです。", "zh": "没有异议。" }, { "ja": "学生側にはなんの異論もなかった。", "zh": "学生方面没有任何异议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3f5fcba58b", "JMdict ent_seq 1158150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "265a4a4869b0f413d82c07f48762dca14012ea4fadb27cae8b3dec2b5d5f1a1e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "579a1fd344", "word": "印", "reading": "いん", "romaji": "in", "meanings": [ "seal", "stamp", "mark", "print" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1168050, "examples": [ { "ja": "書類に印を押してください。", "en": "Please stamp the document." }, { "ja": "契約書には代表者の印がある。", "en": "The contract bears the representative’s seal." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "50bb6e273f03f5073fb0552714f7a5c2a47543d5fd7db83c317bdfe3ea133dbe", "meanings": [ "印章", "印记" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "書類に印を押してください。", "zh": "请在文件上盖章。" }, { "ja": "契約書には代表者の印がある。", "zh": "合同上盖有代表人的印章。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/579a1fd344", "JMdict ent_seq 1168050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4a8d2de1755fe8529e8d2ccbe650150cfb8f5aed0986e26d742931758d62b0e0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7ac2b47d4c", "word": "員", "reading": "いん", "romaji": "in", "meanings": [ "member" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1168610, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はまったくの民主党員だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はまったくの{民主党|みんしゅとう}{員|いん}だ。", "en": "He is heart and soul a Democrat.", "tatoeba_id": 110786 }, { "ja": "オーケストラの楽団員はみな成功を喜んだ。", "furigana": "オーケストラの{楽団|がくだん}{員|いん}はみな{成功|せいこう}を{喜|よろこ}んだ。", "en": "All the orchestra were pleased with their success.", "tatoeba_id": 227808 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8b525b38eaf4cbb6ac0efa2ba72ac4c7f63f092d18a7b5c12292be7584619637", "meanings": [ "成员", "人员" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はまったくの民主党員だ。", "zh": "他是个彻头彻尾的民主党党员。" }, { "ja": "オーケストラの楽団員はみな成功を喜んだ。", "zh": "管弦乐团的成员都为成功感到高兴。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7ac2b47d4c", "JMdict ent_seq 1168610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "174d27a3002a06c9ae05b1dad1a557849351b1f20a0bacaa486285972bb9fb6c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7a05683c04", "word": "印鑑", "reading": "いんかん", "romaji": "inkan", "meanings": [ "stamp", "seal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1168120, "examples": [ { "ja": "こちらに印鑑かサインをお願いします。", "en": "Your seal or signature here, please.", "tatoeba_id": 3193627 }, { "ja": "ここに印鑑を押して下さい。", "en": "Please put your seal here.", "tatoeba_id": 828730 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d21d1750301d252abd86023c89d414ca48bdf28b9688cf8897be70119ecc2024", "meanings": [ "印章" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "こちらに印鑑かサインをお願いします。", "zh": "请在这里盖章或签名。" }, { "ja": "ここに印鑑を押して下さい。", "zh": "请在这里盖章。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7a05683c04", "JMdict ent_seq 1168120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b8fe24d713bbae8c87db68918f35a3c75aa039cb4e9e0436b6e468e09d7a0993", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9033ded88e", "word": "陰気", "reading": "いんき", "romaji": "inki", "meanings": [ "gloom", "melancholy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1170280, "examples": [ { "ja": "その家は見かけがたいへん陰気だった。", "furigana": "その{家|いえ}は{見|み}かけがたいへん{陰気|いんき}だった。", "en": "The house looked very dismal.", "tatoeba_id": 212089 }, { "ja": "彼女の目つきは陰気になった。", "en": "Her eyes darkened.", "tatoeba_id": 93897 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "285ae2816aa3c6e329295b49ba7efc61a6f9ba8cc2054ca3be30affb8260d90d", "meanings": [ "阴沉", "忧郁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その家は見かけがたいへん陰気だった。", "zh": "那栋房子外观看起来非常阴沉。" }, { "ja": "彼女の目つきは陰気になった。", "zh": "她的眼神变得忧郁。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9033ded88e", "JMdict ent_seq 1170280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "382420c5603f4f18c404d2380aa8e8cce02248ecff5f99435b4213f59e52e40b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f3190b2a08", "word": "隠居", "reading": "いんきょ", "romaji": "inkyo", "meanings": [ "retirement", "retired person" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1170690, "examples": [ { "ja": "父は店を息子に譲り隠居した。", "en": "My father handed the shop over to his son and retired." }, { "ja": "隠居して静かに暮らしている。", "en": "He lives quietly in retirement." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "afd8675e0125f73cfa9461dbf1cae429b86866a07459aabadb625feed0b6c5fb", "meanings": [ "隐退", "退休" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "父は店を息子に譲り隠居した。", "zh": "父亲把店交给儿子后退休了。" }, { "ja": "隠居して静かに暮らしている。", "zh": "他退休后过着平静的生活。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f3190b2a08", "JMdict ent_seq 1170690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d718dbfa4a8e6e47211cb2cf31d1cef1ce1a7af9450ab0d5e832a1417220bcdd", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e68cf2059a", "word": "インターチェンジ", "reading": "インターチェンジ", "romaji": "intaachenji", "meanings": [ "interchange" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1022840, "examples": [ { "ja": "次のインターチェンジで高速道路を降りる。", "en": "Leave the expressway at the next interchange." }, { "ja": "インターチェンジの近くで渋滞している。", "en": "Traffic is congested near the interchange." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "cabff4539aa4481156e0194daea150d6ff20167caf41c542ad38a843bbbef9eb", "meanings": [ "立交", "互通式立交" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "次のインターチェンジで高速道路を降りる。", "zh": "在下一个立交驶离高速公路。" }, { "ja": "インターチェンジの近くで渋滞している。", "zh": "立交附近交通拥堵。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e68cf2059a", "JMdict ent_seq 1022840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "42f6b9db6ad3c69f7e8f12cbfbb27aefb430baf1a06467fe78aea31b348d2836", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "592706bc9c", "word": "インターナショナル", "reading": "インターナショナル", "romaji": "intaanashonaru", "meanings": [ "international" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1022850, "examples": [ { "ja": "この学校はインターナショナルな雰囲気だ。", "en": "This school has an international atmosphere." }, { "ja": "インターナショナルな会議に参加した。", "en": "I attended an international conference." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0dc59c52fb5cd2373c65c20ac0e9a60a34baea79b01c79586b5f3d96624677c2", "meanings": [ "国际的" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この学校はインターナショナルな雰囲気だ。", "zh": "这所学校有国际化的氛围。" }, { "ja": "インターナショナルな会議に参加した。", "zh": "我参加了一场国际会议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/592706bc9c", "JMdict ent_seq 1022850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ef96687c38f2a0b078531e0149c8c79ba00be240fdf737b2d27de1e64beb1786", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cdc5cc7f6c", "word": "インターフォン", "reading": "インターフォン", "romaji": "intaafon", "meanings": [ "intercom" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1022990, "examples": [ { "ja": "インターフォンで来客を確認した。", "en": "I checked who was at the door using the intercom." }, { "ja": "玄関のインターフォンが鳴った。", "en": "The intercom at the entrance rang." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "65c2c7a7ab76d765775f5591f6aa5e98883897a9f42e5bd08f4f7699c06240c1", "meanings": [ "对讲机", "门铃对讲" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "インターフォンで来客を確認した。", "zh": "我通过对讲机确认来访者。" }, { "ja": "玄関のインターフォンが鳴った。", "zh": "门口的对讲门铃响了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cdc5cc7f6c", "JMdict ent_seq 1022990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b733623e50a3c044e61e39d74551a0db9ddfaaa6aa1efcab8e75d4dc1aa0ff5f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "07bd9dcf33", "word": "インテリ", "reading": "インテリ", "romaji": "interi", "meanings": [ "egghead", "intelligentsia" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1023410, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの本の読者たちは自分のことをインテリだと思っている。", "furigana": "あの{本|ほん}の{読者|どくしゃ}たちは{自分|じぶん}のことをインテリだと{思|おも}っている。", "en": "The readers of that book think themselves sophisticated.", "tatoeba_id": 230458 }, { "ja": "彼はインテリとして知られている。", "en": "He is known as an intellectual." }, { "ja": "インテリ層の意見を聞いた。", "en": "I listened to the views of the intelligentsia." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "416d6915a4242d51e58681a2796c1124cd3039918c6513d6ee460b00a7fb703a", "meanings": [ "知识分子" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの本の読者たちは自分のことをインテリだと思っている。", "zh": "那本书的读者认为自己是知识分子。" }, { "ja": "彼はインテリとして知られている。", "zh": "他以知识分子闻名。" }, { "ja": "インテリ層の意見を聞いた。", "zh": "我听取了知识阶层的意见。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/07bd9dcf33", "JMdict ent_seq 1023410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "19bd81211daf46aad052dc0d93feb90af1d17e24f7ffd6804312770e0370be9b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f3830b7aa8", "word": "インフォメーション", "reading": "インフォメーション", "romaji": "infomeeshon", "meanings": [ "information" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1024190, "examples": [ { "ja": "空港のインフォメーションカウンターで働いています。", "en": "I work at an airport information desk.", "tatoeba_id": 11795488 }, { "ja": "駅のインフォメーションで地図をもらった。", "en": "I got a map at the station information desk." }, { "ja": "インフォメーションに行き方を尋ねた。", "en": "I asked the information desk for directions." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9e05789afe753c3a0fd5e2da7c0f4c9c7b724c79c6261a0f91e99465820a16cd", "meanings": [ "信息", "咨询处" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "空港のインフォメーションカウンターで働いています。", "zh": "我在机场问询台工作。" }, { "ja": "駅のインフォメーションで地図をもらった。", "zh": "我在车站问询处拿到了地图。" }, { "ja": "インフォメーションに行き方を尋ねた。", "zh": "我在问询处询问了路线。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f3830b7aa8", "JMdict ent_seq 1024190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "aa1dac52e547c40480ddd077790885ae18c8597a5b798a67eb9b636ddd9762ed", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4cfeb38640", "word": "インフレ", "reading": "インフレ", "romaji": "infure", "meanings": [ "inflation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1024430, "examples": [ { "ja": "インフレを考慮した数値です。", "furigana": "インフレを{考慮|こうりょ}した{数値|すうち}です。", "en": "It's an inflation-adjusted figure.", "tatoeba_id": 228349 }, { "ja": "政府はインフレ抑制に努力すべきだ。", "furigana": "{政府|せいふ}はインフレ{抑制|よくせい}に{努力|どりょく}すべきだ。", "en": "The government should endeavor to curb inflation.", "tatoeba_id": 143139 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b8ad99fe558394efa8d1620e21c491c745c5aa63d491d7a5ea53655cdc1de63e", "meanings": [ "通货膨胀" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "インフレを考慮した数値です。", "zh": "这是考虑了通货膨胀后的数字。" }, { "ja": "政府はインフレ抑制に努力すべきだ。", "zh": "政府应该努力抑制通货膨胀。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4cfeb38640", "JMdict ent_seq 1024430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bcf50e086c530fa8fa59bb193f0ec71cacaa2adac8e66557853b155c68164261", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1e2cd74d5d", "word": "卯", "reading": "う", "romaji": "u", "meanings": [ "fourth sign of Chinese zodiac (The Hare, 5am-7am, east, February)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1576460, "other_readings": [ "ぼう" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "卯は十二支の四番目である。", "en": "The Rabbit is the fourth sign of the zodiac." }, { "ja": "卯の年に生まれた。", "en": "I was born in the Year of the Rabbit." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "997a8aa4a467ed469cf4173ce4b11f770dc0d2b06b5f9f050214c5eac5e8b00f", "meanings": [ "卯", "兔" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "卯は十二支の四番目である。", "zh": "卯是十二生肖中的第四位。" }, { "ja": "卯の年に生まれた。", "zh": "我出生在兔年。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1e2cd74d5d", "JMdict ent_seq 1576460; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "913ad49fb68990c9d83c31ec0f1a779ef67cec21664a8d50601bbc320e087b26", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "104005ac4b", "word": "ウェートレス", "reading": "ウェートレス", "romaji": "weetoresu", "meanings": [ "waitress" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1025690, "examples": [ { "ja": "ウェートレスが水を運んできた。", "en": "The waitress brought water." }, { "ja": "ウェートレスに注文を伝えた。", "en": "I gave my order to the waitress." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2bcc75c38a9f40b2e30b1a44ed8bd63f43ec40f6c924b1131a09326dd0e59952", "meanings": [ "女服务员" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ウェートレスが水を運んできた。", "zh": "女服务员端来了水。" }, { "ja": "ウェートレスに注文を伝えた。", "zh": "我向女服务员点了餐。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/104005ac4b", "JMdict ent_seq 1025690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8bd2b75c89b75013a339816b03059550297a06a45d3ac68fe1e6c7d1a58ba723", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1f3b016d79", "word": "上下", "reading": "うえした", "romaji": "ueshita", "meanings": [ "high and low", "up and down", "unloading and loading", "praising and blaming" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1352700, "examples": [ { "ja": "紙の上下を間違えた。", "en": "I mixed up the top and bottom of the paper." }, { "ja": "箱の上下を確認して置いてください。", "en": "Check which side is up before setting the box down." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "cf189d6b9169dc0847a00d717a2da0de656c8c1dc320acc78d291006ea4d421f", "meanings": [ "上下", "颠倒" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "紙の上下を間違えた。", "zh": "我弄错了纸的上下方向。" }, { "ja": "箱の上下を確認して置いてください。", "zh": "请确认箱子的上下方向后再放下。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1f3b016d79", "JMdict ent_seq 1352700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4a402eef509524a4254e8d21b9f2d07ab4c9bbed7b51f82bf0f7be9f98021d36", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3b9ec31cf4", "word": "含嗽", "reading": "うがい", "romaji": "ugai", "meanings": [ "gargle", "rinse mouth" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 2797680, "examples": [ { "ja": "せきには塩水のうがいが効く。", "furigana": "せきには{塩水|しおみず}のうがいが{効|き}く。", "en": "Gargling with salt water helps stop coughing.", "tatoeba_id": 214049 }, { "ja": "うがい薬でたびたびうがいをしてください。", "furigana": "うがい{薬|ぐすり}でたびたびうがいをしてください。", "en": "Please rinse often with mouthwash.", "tatoeba_id": 228288 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "baa1306fff72e02ebc7cc0e1d149c4800258c24b34f963336db76fc53c6caab8", "meanings": [ "漱口" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "せきには塩水のうがいが効く。", "zh": "用盐水漱口对咳嗽有效。" }, { "ja": "うがい薬でたびたびうがいをしてください。", "zh": "请经常用漱口水漱口。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3b9ec31cf4", "JMdict ent_seq 2797680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a07e91f66b4e30311f587dcf1e1dee4f2972fad1f95031909c6b91f94d3e5b09", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d46f3d3b77", "word": "受かる", "reading": "うかる", "romaji": "ukaru", "meanings": [ "to pass (examination)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1329580, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はかろうじて試験に受かった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はかろうじて{試験|しけん}に{受|う}かった。", "en": "He barely passed the examination.", "tatoeba_id": 114080 }, { "ja": "彼が試験に受かるのは間違いない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}が{試験|しけん}に{受|う}かるのは{間違|まちが}いない。", "en": "It is certain that he will pass the examination.", "tatoeba_id": 120242 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "51e8bd4e9677c61eb087853ef4f4136c3705fe4fb20f0316b2d47d121dd759ed", "meanings": [ "通过考试" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はかろうじて試験に受かった。", "zh": "他勉强通过了考试。" }, { "ja": "彼が試験に受かるのは間違いない。", "zh": "他一定会通过考试。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d46f3d3b77", "JMdict ent_seq 1329580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b5345e0b0d77006914bef99bb8c6ab120ae58ce0ac1b766f35625a5127c6d5dc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bae36d5c14", "word": "受け入れ", "reading": "うけいれ", "romaji": "ukeire", "meanings": [ "receiving", "acceptance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1329660, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は彼らの受け入れ方、接待のしかたが気に入らないのだ。", "en": "He dislikes the way they receive and entertain people." }, { "ja": "産科・婦人科の計６１床も満床で、受け入れは不可能と答えたという。", "furigana": "{産科|さんか}・{婦人科|ふじんか}の{計|けい}６１{床|とこ}も{満床|まんしょう}で、{受|う}け{入|い}れは{不可能|ふかのう}と{答|こた}えたという。", "en": "They replied that because all 61 beds in the obstetrics/gynaecology department were full, no admissions were possible.", "tatoeba_id": 391892 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "414547d9cd7898e8ee6b9b29c2d8ba1ee69b0f7884d8ee26d3c05329f4b2200c", "meanings": [ "接收", "接待" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は彼らの受け入れ方、接待のしかたが気に入らないのだ。", "zh": "他不喜欢他们接待客人的方式。" }, { "ja": "産科・婦人科の計６１床も満床で、受け入れは不可能と答えたという。", "zh": "据说妇产科共六十一张床位也已满，答复说无法接收。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bae36d5c14", "JMdict ent_seq 1329660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "59f9fe03b85b5b353057d98d632ef4c9c725e49c4d96c63d5df74acca641b0bb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4b78567357", "word": "受け入れる", "reading": "うけいれる", "romaji": "ukeireru", "meanings": [ "to accept", "to receive" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1329670, "examples": [ { "ja": "このホテルは犬は受け入れない。", "furigana": "このホテルは{犬|いぬ}は{受|う}け{入|い}れない。", "en": "This hotel does not take dogs.", "tatoeba_id": 223147 }, { "ja": "彼女は提案をある程度受け入れた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{提案|ていあん}をある{程度|ていど}{受|う}け{入|い}れた。", "en": "She accepted the proposal to a certain degree.", "tatoeba_id": 93362 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9415e745207c8b38925db2e4e1f6f49c0ff2824bbe290bdbd7b287bacb63e1fb", "meanings": [ "接受", "接纳" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このホテルは犬は受け入れない。", "zh": "这家酒店不接待狗。" }, { "ja": "彼女は提案をある程度受け入れた。", "zh": "她在一定程度上接受了提议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4b78567357", "JMdict ent_seq 1329670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fbcd441f6311f2353ceaf1a561a408b2a91acab2b69ffa9f0e8249f195043b43", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8932a42228", "word": "受け継ぐ", "reading": "うけつぐ", "romaji": "uketsugu", "meanings": [ "to inherit", "to succeed", "to take over" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5g", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1329600, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその財産を受け継ぐ資格はない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{財産|ざいさん}を{受|う}け{継|つ}ぐ{資格|しかく}はない。", "en": "He has no claim to the property.", "tatoeba_id": 112873 }, { "ja": "母親の青い目を受け継いでいる。", "furigana": "{母親|ははおや}の{青|あお}い{目|め}を{受|う}け{継|つ}いでいる。", "en": "She inherited her mother's blue eyes.", "tatoeba_id": 82813 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a3e53a56146a46393486ee0d73ce7bf5e958da7271e58cc75b4aa32112464f7e", "meanings": [ "继承", "承袭" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその財産を受け継ぐ資格はない。", "zh": "他没有资格继承那份财产。" }, { "ja": "母親の青い目を受け継いでいる。", "zh": "他遗传了母亲的蓝眼睛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8932a42228", "JMdict ent_seq 1329600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6c24566c8d13e76a019af28bc16e8afecab0ff4fe05e1ff8e4ddd959325ae1fa", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5b9fc8d12f", "word": "受け付ける", "reading": "うけつける", "romaji": "uketsukeru", "meanings": [ "to be accepted", "to receive (an application)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1329690, "examples": [ { "ja": "後になってテストを提出しても、受け付けられません。", "en": "If you turn in a test late, it will not be accepted.", "tatoeba_id": 174323 }, { "ja": "電話でも受け付けていますよ。", "furigana": "{電話|でんわ}でも{受|う}け{付|つ}けていますよ。", "en": "We take telephone orders.", "tatoeba_id": 124715 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5f7a5feb4a1d90067b2af3767a0d8abad3252b177207f65e194e7fc004b67d5a", "meanings": [ "受理", "接受" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "後になってテストを提出しても、受け付けられません。", "zh": "之后再交考试也不会被受理。" }, { "ja": "電話でも受け付けていますよ。", "zh": "电话也可以受理哦。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5b9fc8d12f", "JMdict ent_seq 1329690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7e95ac13dd396903e82f4d920bef0f17cb626442d385d5dc5f65d170d7488be5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ba309fb9db", "word": "受け止める", "reading": "うけとめる", "romaji": "uketomeru", "meanings": [ "to catch", "to stop the blow", "to react to", "to take" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1329630, "examples": [ { "ja": "・・・はぁ、どう状況を受け止めればいいのかしら。", "furigana": "・・・はぁ、どう{状況|じょうきょう}を{受|う}け{止|と}めればいいのかしら。", "en": "... Aaah, just how am I supposed to cope with this I wonder?", "tatoeba_id": 75572 }, { "ja": "彼女は知らせを冷静に受け止めた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{知|し}らせを{冷静|れいせい}に{受|う}け{止|と}めた。", "en": "She took the news calmly.", "tatoeba_id": 87939 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "27735f72ccea70f9c3dc4621a6a5ec017591dad662010e408a1a5237fbfb914b", "meanings": [ "接住", "接受", "看待" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "・・・はぁ、どう状況を受け止めればいいのかしら。", "zh": "唉，我该怎样看待这个状况呢？" }, { "ja": "彼女は知らせを冷静に受け止めた。", "zh": "她冷静地接受了消息。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ba309fb9db", "JMdict ent_seq 1329630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e8774752be42bebdc51b9e97ffc69d2e6a59072b3f1bfd23ccf31927bff00d00", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "aab4b1a261", "word": "受身", "reading": "うけみ", "romaji": "ukemi", "meanings": [ "passive", "passive voice" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1329860, "examples": [ { "ja": "公式問題集には\"受け身の現在進行形\"と説明されています。", "furigana": "{公式|こうしき}{問題集|もんだいしゅう}には\"{受|う}け{身|み}の{現在進行形|げんざいしんこうけい}\"と{説明|せつめい}されています。", "en": "In the official question collection it is explained as being \"passive voice of the present continuous tense\".", "tatoeba_id": 75078 }, { "ja": "テレビは精神を受け身の状態にして置くという点で有害である。", "furigana": "テレビは{精神|せいしん}を{受|う}け{身|み}の{状態|じょうたい}にして{置|お}くという{点|てん}で{有害|ゆうがい}である。", "en": "TV is harmful in that it keeps your mind in a passive state.", "tatoeba_id": 201980 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4ce8cb45f8477a859516130d368b272152931927bfd8a39d30397aac2bc85a46", "meanings": [ "被动", "被动态" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "公式問題集には\"受け身の現在進行形\"と説明されています。", "zh": "官方习题集将其解释为“被动语态的现在进行时”。" }, { "ja": "テレビは精神を受け身の状態にして置くという点で有害である。", "zh": "电视有害，因为它使精神处于被动状态。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aab4b1a261", "JMdict ent_seq 1329860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f4ab196fcb3379817a9d4d607ebd4af426f0bdcc5a12dc5e30d27667339c128c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "可指语法上的被动态，也可指态度上的被动。" } }, { "id": "d5bc2a73b1", "word": "動き", "reading": "うごき", "romaji": "ugoki", "meanings": [ "movement", "activity", "trend", "development", "change" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1451180, "examples": [ { "ja": "このロボットの動きはぎこちない。", "furigana": "このロボットの{動|うご}きはぎこちない。", "en": "The movements of this robot are awkward.", "tatoeba_id": 222991 }, { "ja": "母はいつも忙しく動きまわっている。", "furigana": "{母|はは}はいつも{忙|いそが}しく{動|うご}きまわっている。", "en": "My mother is always on the go.", "tatoeba_id": 83087 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0efc1269f661c45544da66d06a8be6e1ce25453b5b7782836b08804a2c539ae0", "meanings": [ "动作", "动向" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このロボットの動きはぎこちない。", "zh": "这个机器人的动作很不自然。" }, { "ja": "母はいつも忙しく動きまわっている。", "zh": "母亲总是忙碌地走来走去。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d5bc2a73b1", "JMdict ent_seq 1451180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "da4cd4592b67cfe50c39c478abee27176acd4e3af520fc1a93028e468111ed9d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3ffc020bb5", "word": "氏", "reading": "うじ", "romaji": "uji", "meanings": [ "family name" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1311010, "examples": [ { "ja": "人は氏より育ち。", "furigana": "{人|ひと}は{氏|うじ}より{育|そだ}ち。", "en": "Birth is much, breeding is more.", "tatoeba_id": 168115 }, { "ja": "古い氏の由来を調べた。", "en": "I researched the origin of an old clan name." }, { "ja": "氏と育ちを比較する。", "en": "Compare lineage and upbringing." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "292ec27cce6c2414f6f546bdb99cd2fe773e7a3fcdcf6a64bd8bf35a2ae49050", "meanings": [ "姓氏", "出身" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人は氏より育ち。", "zh": "人的教养比出身更重要。" }, { "ja": "古い氏の由来を調べた。", "zh": "我调查了一个古老氏族名称的由来。" }, { "ja": "氏と育ちを比較する。", "zh": "比较出身与教养。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3ffc020bb5", "JMdict ent_seq 1311010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "60b1aba1939968fc7706dcbc6eb35aa3802296cfaf9b9f9ed83a24556042ca3b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6659596f97", "word": "潮", "reading": "うしお", "romaji": "ushio", "meanings": [ "tide" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2866951, "examples": [ { "ja": "潮が満ちてきた。", "en": "The tide is coming in." }, { "ja": "潮の流れが速い。", "en": "The tidal current is fast." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5617abd87638e7c36d7ab9cb3d24e6be7f1a1694d648f3d4fdad109f2fcf3015", "meanings": [ "潮", "海水" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "潮が満ちてきた。", "zh": "潮水涨起来了。" }, { "ja": "潮の流れが速い。", "zh": "潮流很急。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6659596f97", "JMdict ent_seq 2866951; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ea6b6c2a8e3f0bdd89386ede3d56da5a5388a935995d18963058ebeffd0b07e6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9c8fe060e5", "word": "渦", "reading": "うず", "romaji": "uzu", "meanings": [ "swirl" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1172310, "examples": [ { "ja": "川に渦ができている。", "en": "An eddy has formed in the river." }, { "ja": "渦に巻き込まれないよう注意する。", "en": "Take care not to be caught in the whirlpool." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e18bd8afd82270b165ca640567eab85c8e7b5f04980dffa36d94a711a2781175", "meanings": [ "漩涡", "涡流" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "川に渦ができている。", "zh": "河里形成了漩涡。" }, { "ja": "渦に巻き込まれないよう注意する。", "zh": "要小心不要被卷进漩涡。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9c8fe060e5", "JMdict ent_seq 1172310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7db17ae684508a20aa4ae5dbfff3741193fc3e0f435b0621d922be53896a8585", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "88984a7ed8", "word": "埋まる", "reading": "うずまる", "romaji": "uzumaru", "meanings": [ "to be buried", "to be surrounded", "to overflow", "to be filled" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1584340, "examples": [ { "ja": "この区域に財宝が埋まっているという話だ。", "en": "It is said that treasure is buried in this area.", "tatoeba_id": 222278 }, { "ja": "会場は立すいの余地もないほどに聴衆で埋まっていた。", "en": "The hall was filled with such a large audience that there wasn't even standing room.", "tatoeba_id": 185219 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "134bfe81332a0156bd73fd46ecd596bd48b5f6a15be2e41cdd3f7c1eaac8d970", "meanings": [ "埋藏", "被填满" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この区域に財宝が埋まっているという話だ。", "zh": "据说这片区域埋着财宝。" }, { "ja": "会場は立すいの余地もないほどに聴衆で埋まっていた。", "zh": "会场挤满了听众，几乎没有立足之地。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/88984a7ed8", "JMdict ent_seq 1584340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4f3812fdff9c3d7d2fc99965091b52a657479fbfb8a7d2f7ad6bbf84bcbaa65c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d24ffe73c2", "word": "嘘つき", "reading": "うそつき", "romaji": "usotsuki", "meanings": [ "liar (sometimes said with not much seriousness)", "fibber" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1172460, "examples": [ { "ja": "もし嘘なら、彼女はうそつきだ。", "furigana": "もし{嘘|うそ}なら、{彼女|かのじょ}はうそつきだ。", "en": "If that's false, she's a liar.", "tatoeba_id": 193757 }, { "ja": "私は彼が嘘つきではないかと思った。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{彼|かれ}が{嘘|うそ}つきではないかと{思|おも}った。", "en": "I suspected he was a liar.", "tatoeba_id": 154525 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "58b7defd42440376d50f9f0c1163d54acefde60fd6cd1788cfa00848888f517a", "meanings": [ "说谎者" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "もし嘘なら、彼女はうそつきだ。", "zh": "如果是谎话，她就是说谎的人。" }, { "ja": "私は彼が嘘つきではないかと思った。", "zh": "我怀疑他是不是骗子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d24ffe73c2", "JMdict ent_seq 1172460; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "099e8cb45b8eb169404141f2277275f5f9e3b67fb821b69a971cf8ea45133c10", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4b812c0625", "word": "打ち合わせる", "reading": "うちあわせる", "romaji": "uchiawaseru", "meanings": [ "to knock together", "to arrange" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1588150, "examples": [ { "ja": "その仕事をブラウン氏と打ち合わせた。", "en": "I arranged the business with Mr Brown.", "tatoeba_id": 210335 }, { "ja": "明日の予定を担当者と打ち合わせる。", "en": "I will discuss tomorrow’s schedule with the person in charge." }, { "ja": "会議の前に進行を打ち合わせた。", "en": "We discussed the proceedings before the meeting." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "724b9f3a5adc8cbc010606e697c80f9d0810bc864d804eaef5efbac6b33ad363", "meanings": [ "商量", "碰头" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その仕事をブラウン氏と打ち合わせた。", "zh": "我和布朗先生商量了那项工作。" }, { "ja": "明日の予定を担当者と打ち合わせる。", "zh": "我和负责人商量明天的安排。" }, { "ja": "会議の前に進行を打ち合わせた。", "zh": "会议前我们商量了流程。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4b812c0625", "JMdict ent_seq 1588150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "989338ed55f1dd6828d437ca75f95afe3bf16ebd952985db60917d2ceeb8fa0c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9728523e51", "word": "打ち切る", "reading": "うちきる", "romaji": "uchikiru", "meanings": [ "to stop", "to abort", "to discontinue", "to close" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1408720, "examples": [ { "ja": "この交渉を打ち切りたい。", "furigana": "この{交渉|こうしょう}を{打|う}ち{切|き}りたい。", "en": "We want to break off this negotiation.", "tatoeba_id": 222009 }, { "ja": "両国は友好関係を打ち切った。", "furigana": "{両国|りょうこく}は{友好関係|ゆうこうかんけい}を{打|う}ち{切|き}った。", "en": "The countries terminated friendly relations.", "tatoeba_id": 78098 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "98616bff678496b297ae83184e2267903cc9738acb71c3587986b80bfdd19e18", "meanings": [ "中止", "终止" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この交渉を打ち切りたい。", "zh": "我想中止这次谈判。" }, { "ja": "両国は友好関係を打ち切った。", "zh": "两国断绝了友好关系。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9728523e51", "JMdict ent_seq 1408720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c2bd8ac24ee142d4e3dd4dcdc01a2b8792cf0752ea58a84c796534591f5e5890", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a55c5f8705", "word": "打ち消し", "reading": "うちけし", "romaji": "uchikeshi", "meanings": [ "negation", "denial", "negative" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1588200, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はうわさを打ち消したわよ。", "en": "He denied the rumor.", "tatoeba_id": 13714030 }, { "ja": "その発言は打ち消しを意味する。", "en": "The statement expresses a denial." }, { "ja": "打ち消しの言葉を使った。", "en": "He used a negative expression." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1a6b158b1ebc23032dc578214aa4d8cc641867f97814c4dc2c2095e9a95cc2b1", "meanings": [ "否定", "否认" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はうわさを打ち消したわよ。", "zh": "他否认了那个传言。" }, { "ja": "その発言は打ち消しを意味する。", "zh": "那句话表示否定。" }, { "ja": "打ち消しの言葉を使った。", "zh": "他使用了否定表达。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a55c5f8705", "JMdict ent_seq 1588200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8acaf11e7ea27d40265d3e7e195bc46bd08f8b20a452b1ef6dad215a6ac7fae7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "90cae1be23", "word": "打ち込む", "reading": "うちこむ", "romaji": "uchikomu", "meanings": [ "to drive in (e.g. nail, stake)", "to devote oneself to", "to shoot into", "to smash", "to throw into" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1581440, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその仕事に打ち込んだ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{仕事|しごと}に{打|う}ち{込|こ}んだ。", "en": "He applied himself to the task.", "tatoeba_id": 112846 }, { "ja": "板にくぎを打ち込んだ。", "furigana": "{板|いた}にくぎを{打|う}ち{込|こ}んだ。", "en": "He hammered nails into the plank.", "tatoeba_id": 121230 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "49f9dc9f6a1314879631b67e3542bb8a491c1c36c6d6b24d0448057bf2ba6a6e", "meanings": [ "钉入", "专心投入" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその仕事に打ち込んだ。", "zh": "他专心投入那项工作。" }, { "ja": "板にくぎを打ち込んだ。", "zh": "把钉子钉进木板。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/90cae1be23", "JMdict ent_seq 1581440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1587b7a326cc5190e349f929ca4b686ad66aee23d0a9c336ed94ada499581e63", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9f4eec854b", "word": "団扇", "reading": "うちわ", "romaji": "uchiwa", "meanings": [ "fan" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1419250, "examples": [ { "ja": "ちなみに、この部屋には冷房設備なんて物は何も無い。あるのはうちわだけ。", "furigana": "ちなみに、この{部屋|へや}には{冷房設備|れいぼうせつび}なんて{物|もの}は{何|なに}も{無|な}い。あるのはうちわだけ。", "en": "Incidentally, this room doesn't have anything like an air conditioner. All it has is a hand-held paper fan.", "tatoeba_id": 76567 }, { "ja": "うちわで風を送った。", "en": "I fanned myself with a hand fan." }, { "ja": "祭りでうちわをもらった。", "en": "I received a hand fan at the festival." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8fb9adc8ea534487739d57443c07f6fefa662797781aa3850c9135dee0fda4c8", "meanings": [ "团扇" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ちなみに、この部屋には冷房設備なんて物は何も無い。あるのはうちわだけ。", "zh": "顺便一提，这个房间没有任何空调设备，只有团扇。" }, { "ja": "うちわで風を送った。", "zh": "我用团扇扇风。" }, { "ja": "祭りでうちわをもらった。", "zh": "我在祭典上得到了团扇。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9f4eec854b", "JMdict ent_seq 1419250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2279e1a9a5b37ed3cd31c793f3110ed96790ea5ed138cd7b372c7de3cd092004", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d1a7b5a2a1", "word": "内訳", "reading": "うちわけ", "romaji": "uchiwake", "meanings": [ "the items", "breakdown", "classification" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1459360, "examples": [ { "ja": "内訳はどのようにしましょう？", "furigana": "{内訳|うちわけ}はどのようにしましょう？", "en": "How would you like these items?", "tatoeba_id": 123214 }, { "ja": "その内訳は？", "furigana": "その{内訳|うちわけ}は？", "en": "Give me the details.", "tatoeba_id": 207402 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5506016e664ffe4142e08bbea43b6d9cabc8fe93f4373d0c97e604cee4871f9d", "meanings": [ "明细", "构成" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "内訳はどのようにしましょう？", "zh": "明细该怎么安排呢？" }, { "ja": "その内訳は？", "zh": "明细是什么？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d1a7b5a2a1", "JMdict ent_seq 1459360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "55d2a44bc8e680ebf154b98845eea08fc46667d729ef6b9f692280f7917770ae", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c0b855c1c3", "word": "写し", "reading": "うつし", "romaji": "utsushi", "meanings": [ "copy", "duplicate", "facsimile", "transcript" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1321790, "examples": [ { "ja": "その写しは原本と合っている。", "furigana": "その{写|うつ}しは{原本|げんぽん}と{合|あ}っている。", "en": "The copy agrees with the original.", "tatoeba_id": 209621 }, { "ja": "この報告書の写しを取りなさい。", "furigana": "この{報告書|ほうこくしょ}の{写|うつ}しを{取|と}りなさい。", "en": "Make a copy of this report.", "tatoeba_id": 219847 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e5ccefcd33066730aee1db25dbb841e92fbe795b96916bb05c67c849c837ecbe", "meanings": [ "副本", "复印件" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その写しは原本と合っている。", "zh": "副本与原件一致。" }, { "ja": "この報告書の写しを取りなさい。", "zh": "请复印一份这份报告。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c0b855c1c3", "JMdict ent_seq 1321790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cfef7ef08c3e762c6b6b5c6f0751bf755d9088cec58b443373da2aef92781ffe", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "80a13982d0", "word": "訴え", "reading": "うったえ", "romaji": "uttae", "meanings": [ "lawsuit", "complaint" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1397710, "examples": [ { "ja": "この訴えを退けたくはない。", "furigana": "この{訴|うった}えを{退|しりぞ}けたくはない。", "en": "I do not want to reject this claim.", "tatoeba_id": 220719 }, { "ja": "彼は僕の訴えを聞こうとしなかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{僕|ぼく}の{訴|うった}えを{聞|き}こうとしなかった。", "en": "He was deaf to my pleas.", "tatoeba_id": 99938 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c3912991fed4e5c9bce93de453328f107b289da0ca8e4ddf929d60ccb342d4a5", "meanings": [ "诉讼", "诉求" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この訴えを退けたくはない。", "zh": "我不想驳回这项诉求。" }, { "ja": "彼は僕の訴えを聞こうとしなかった。", "zh": "他不愿听我的诉求。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/80a13982d0", "JMdict ent_seq 1397710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "30a22bda1d922e55fca78bc52d307f4d2b69abd0c0efbabdf40b015b4a5d8322", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "345c476ef0", "word": "鬱陶しい", "reading": "うっとうしい", "romaji": "uttoushii", "meanings": [ "gloomy", "depressing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1568430, "examples": [ { "ja": "毎日うっとうしくていやですね。", "furigana": "{毎日|まいにち}うっとうしくていやですね。", "en": "Don't you just hate this weather?", "tatoeba_id": 81316 }, { "ja": "ベタベタするんじゃねえよっ！鬱陶しい！", "furigana": "ベタベタするんじゃねえよっ！{鬱陶|うっとう}しい！", "en": "Get off me you little pest!", "tatoeba_id": 76448 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0bbd46ca8bbd88cd0960d0723873d925dbecd049b77519584d4ffe36a22c2ff3", "meanings": [ "阴郁", "烦人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "毎日うっとうしくていやですね。", "zh": "每天都阴沉沉的，真讨厌。" }, { "ja": "ベタベタするんじゃねえよっ！鬱陶しい！", "zh": "别黏着我！真烦人！" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/345c476ef0", "JMdict ent_seq 1568430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6c546d5c57376aa03545765456a67e0accdbc1c457c740fd41e0c624bfd066b6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "de65bd7649", "word": "空ろ", "reading": "うつろ", "romaji": "utsuro", "meanings": [ "blank", "cavity", "hollow", "empty (space)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1588340, "examples": [ { "ja": "洞窟からうつろに反響する音を耳にした。", "en": "We heard somber hollow sounds from the cave.", "tatoeba_id": 123631 }, { "ja": "彼は空ろな目で窓を見た。", "en": "He looked at the window with vacant eyes." }, { "ja": "心が空ろになった気がした。", "en": "I felt empty inside." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c41627789e9996bdccfca69716cca71f88bca35fb7019f65cd67a093625f95c6", "meanings": [ "空洞", "空虚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "洞窟からうつろに反響する音を耳にした。", "zh": "我听到洞窟传来空洞的回响。" }, { "ja": "彼は空ろな目で窓を見た。", "zh": "他目光空洞地望着窗户。" }, { "ja": "心が空ろになった気がした。", "zh": "我感到内心空虚。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/de65bd7649", "JMdict ent_seq 1588340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ae8573647f38000092c43bfdcb846a81fbaeff6f5c16c1908a2c9a233a950841", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1789430d86", "word": "器", "reading": "うつわ", "romaji": "utsuwa", "meanings": [ "bowl", "vessel", "container" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1218880, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は将来国家の棟梁たるべき器だ。", "en": "He has the capacity to be a future leader of the nation.", "tatoeba_id": 75109 }, { "ja": "いくら器だけを日本一にしても、中身が三流やったらな～んの意味もないんちゃうの？", "furigana": "いくら{器|うつわ}だけを{日本一|にほんいち}にしても、{中身|なかみ}が{三流|さんりゅう}やったらな～んの{意味|いみ}もないんちゃうの？", "en": "The container may be the best in Japan, but if the contents are third class, then isn't it completely meaningless?", "tatoeba_id": 76868 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3877b3a9b6fcfee6f543b7904f93af9e352a63934d29e5ec3823ae06ac097914", "meanings": [ "器皿", "器量" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は将来国家の棟梁たるべき器だ。", "zh": "他是将来能够成为国家栋梁的人才。" }, { "ja": "いくら器だけを日本一にしても、中身が三流やったらな～んの意味もないんちゃうの？", "zh": "光是把容器做到日本第一，如果内容只有三流水平，不就毫无意义了吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1789430d86", "JMdict ent_seq 1218880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "04054dce9f678e8b51d4cb7355a3880225ad471f181505793912c2ecbb9fb593", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "器除器皿外，可比喻一个人的才干或器量。" } }, { "id": "0d9ba347d8", "word": "腕前", "reading": "うでまえ", "romaji": "udemae", "meanings": [ "ability", "skill", "facility" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1562890, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はそのゴルファーの腕前に驚いた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はそのゴルファーの{腕前|うでまえ}に{驚|おどろ}いた。", "en": "I marveled at the golfer's skill.", "tatoeba_id": 160381 }, { "ja": "彼のピアノの腕前は上がってきている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}のピアノの{腕前|うでまえ}は{上|あ}がってきている。", "en": "He is making good progress in playing the piano.", "tatoeba_id": 118266 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "67a15fdb4cf9ec1210f539122630a110cac4350d45d5fcfa05747f117eae2bac", "meanings": [ "本领", "技术" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はそのゴルファーの腕前に驚いた。", "zh": "我对那位高尔夫球手的技术感到惊讶。" }, { "ja": "彼のピアノの腕前は上がってきている。", "zh": "他的钢琴技艺正在提高。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0d9ba347d8", "JMdict ent_seq 1562890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "616ee37015b92200569cbf50535b389fc91060e321abaa698d4010cb06fd5ae7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "21bbf8697c", "word": "雨天", "reading": "うてん", "romaji": "uten", "meanings": [ "rainy weather" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1172100, "examples": [ { "ja": "雨天の後には晴天が来る。", "furigana": "{雨天|うてん}の{後|あと}には{晴天|せいてん}が{来|く}る。", "en": "After rain comes fair weather.", "tatoeba_id": 189518 }, { "ja": "当日雨天の場合は順延となります。", "furigana": "{当日|とうじつ}{雨天|うてん}の{場合|ばあい}は{順延|じゅんえん}となります。", "en": "If it rains on that day, the game will be postponed until the next fine day.", "tatoeba_id": 123963 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "29af800a10c8afa05cf95c174ac1296810b46e039b1f6a8bbf0dafadfaf7ab40", "meanings": [ "雨天" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "雨天の後には晴天が来る。", "zh": "雨过天晴。" }, { "ja": "当日雨天の場合は順延となります。", "zh": "活动当天如果下雨，就延期举行。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/21bbf8697c", "JMdict ent_seq 1172100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "31063b2ca5ec08c9e783f17ae73b6df767cc6250156d02f147438d36b27a1fc9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e6b73af208", "word": "促す", "reading": "うながす", "romaji": "unagasu", "meanings": [ "to urge", "to press", "to suggest", "to demand", "to stimulate", "to quicken", "to incite", "to invite (attention to)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1403760, "examples": [ { "ja": "この曲は眠りを促してくれます。", "furigana": "この{曲|きょく}は{眠|ねむ}りを{促|うなが}してくれます。", "en": "This music helps me to fall asleep.", "tatoeba_id": 11495611 }, { "ja": "彼は彼女に注意して運転するようにと促した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{彼女|かのじょ}に{注意|ちゅうい}して{運転|うんてん}するようにと{促|うなが}した。", "en": "He urged her to drive carefully.", "tatoeba_id": 100977 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0289761bd391f7286bc6b4f71f04e7ca576e9b9d0eb9e09912f838d67448cbdf", "meanings": [ "促使", "催促" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この曲は眠りを促してくれます。", "zh": "这首曲子有助于入睡。" }, { "ja": "彼は彼女に注意して運転するようにと促した。", "zh": "他提醒她小心驾驶。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e6b73af208", "JMdict ent_seq 1403760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bd840ec772677cdac41096db84b5dfd6971f2fa190e7354136d962c6bb93d333", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4bea3861ba", "word": "自惚れ", "reading": "うぬぼれ", "romaji": "unubore", "meanings": [ "pretension", "conceit", "hubris" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1317730, "examples": [ { "ja": "誰でも大なり小なり自惚れはある。", "furigana": "{誰|だれ}でも{大|だい}なり{小|しょう}なり{自惚|うぬぼ}れはある。", "en": "Everyone is more or less conceited.", "tatoeba_id": 136793 }, { "ja": "彼女はいつも鏡で自分の姿を見ている、何といううぬぼれだ。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はいつも{鏡|かがみ}で{自分|じぶん}の{姿|すがた}を{見|み}ている、{何|なに}といううぬぼれだ。", "en": "She's always looking at herself in the mirror - What vanity.", "tatoeba_id": 93298 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c6dbe72aa8cc4e097a5ee13cf2aba4999b8cec6aa7cdfb0901dc75159de528f4", "meanings": [ "自负", "自恋" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "誰でも大なり小なり自惚れはある。", "zh": "每个人或多或少都有些自负。" }, { "ja": "彼女はいつも鏡で自分の姿を見ている、何といううぬぼれだ。", "zh": "她总是在镜子里看自己，多么自恋啊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4bea3861ba", "JMdict ent_seq 1317730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c95f86ae98421b78774264bea3c0c33c47b01cb2568884e78e960bb02d9d5f3c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "eac9dd5c43", "word": "生まれつき", "reading": "うまれつき", "romaji": "umaretsuki", "meanings": [ "by nature", "by birth", "native" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1378770, "examples": [ { "ja": "この生まれつきのあざに悩んでいます。", "furigana": "この{生|う}まれつきのあざに{悩|なや}んでいます。", "en": "I'm troubled by this birth-mark.", "tatoeba_id": 224082 }, { "ja": "僕は生まれつき数学の才能がある。", "furigana": "{僕|ぼく}は{生|う}まれつき{数学|すうがく}の{才能|さいのう}がある。", "en": "I have a natural ability in mathematics.", "tatoeba_id": 82287 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d8a5690d7b188ea7d797748ffa590de2a7f8a33f877958c7299bb1c7c5490e01", "meanings": [ "天生" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この生まれつきのあざに悩んでいます。", "zh": "我为这块天生的胎记烦恼。" }, { "ja": "僕は生まれつき数学の才能がある。", "zh": "我天生有数学天赋。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/eac9dd5c43", "JMdict ent_seq 1378770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ca69974a73d2cf71012ff05abe16dc5c1a26d15fc71b5a7cffa967df8cfa582a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c887a99195", "word": "産む", "reading": "うむ", "romaji": "umu", "meanings": [ "to give birth", "to deliver", "to produce" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1588410, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は来年子供を産む予定です。", "en": "She is due to give birth next year." }, { "ja": "彼女の猫、また四匹も産んだんだ。", "en": "Her cat had another four kittens.", "tatoeba_id": 94101 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e9ac94d81684acbfd8b23439449a38aba6749fc3138061efbb21ce2c661d770a", "meanings": [ "生", "生育" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は来年子供を産む予定です。", "zh": "她预计明年生孩子。" }, { "ja": "彼女の猫、また四匹も産んだんだ。", "zh": "她的猫又生了四只。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c887a99195", "JMdict ent_seq 1588410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "16f43107e87c947e96d272ee1970c3ae56658e9275653e83f83f44bc66b4beb4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a0a7a8da18", "word": "埋め込む", "reading": "うめこむ", "romaji": "umekomu", "meanings": [ "to bury" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1524520, "examples": [ { "ja": "壁にセンサーを埋め込んだ。", "en": "A sensor was embedded in the wall." }, { "ja": "機械に小さな部品を埋め込む。", "en": "Embed a small component in the machine." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e38369e46ac91b55909b29bec3c26f153e04b6d45bd386d02ce94bf0864c6459", "meanings": [ "嵌入", "埋入" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "壁にセンサーを埋め込んだ。", "zh": "传感器被嵌进墙里。" }, { "ja": "機械に小さな部品を埋め込む。", "zh": "把一个小零件嵌进机器。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a0a7a8da18", "JMdict ent_seq 1524520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ffd797aa68d435e57bb4549a54d076871eafb3749042a02373f5cf2c134ada79", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "661870fff1", "word": "梅干", "reading": "うめぼし", "romaji": "umeboshi", "meanings": [ "dried plum" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1473500, "examples": [ { "ja": "この梅干し、塩辛いね。", "en": "This umeboshi tastes really salty.", "tatoeba_id": 9453628 }, { "ja": "外国人に梅干しを試食させることが大好きです。", "en": "I love making foreigners try Japanese pickled plums.", "tatoeba_id": 9712454 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "14b06d7b941185f84d7531bf6a4052e363a1b7e2f708e1848a9bdd31a40347cf", "meanings": [ "梅干", "腌梅" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この梅干し、塩辛いね。", "zh": "这梅干真咸啊。" }, { "ja": "外国人に梅干しを試食させることが大好きです。", "zh": "我很喜欢让外国人尝梅干。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/661870fff1", "JMdict ent_seq 1473500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "519a4543c5729a59d62eae4c373904cc987777473f7b7b32da2e45a8cc4c48d6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f3f408a1e8", "word": "末", "reading": "うら", "romaji": "ura", "meanings": [ "top end", "tip" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1525230, "examples": [ { "ja": "木の末まで枝が伸びている。", "en": "Branches extend to the tip of the tree." }, { "ja": "枝の末が風に揺れた。", "en": "The tip of the branch swayed in the wind." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "559d0b0a9cd0eb6112809b580f68eeb254031c6622f4c1909360506fc55bfe2a", "meanings": [ "末端", "尖端" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "木の末まで枝が伸びている。", "zh": "树枝延伸到树的末端。" }, { "ja": "枝の末が風に揺れた。", "zh": "枝梢在风中摇摆。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f3f408a1e8", "JMdict ent_seq 1525230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8ca1b599970060847f1726ac6f137b5b1798e2c9dfdabd7dff67c49e92481f8e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "00b65e54a4", "word": "裏返し", "reading": "うらがえし", "romaji": "uragaeshi", "meanings": [ "inside out", "upside down" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1550620, "examples": [ { "ja": "ここへ来る途中、風が強すぎて僕の傘は裏返しになってしまった。", "furigana": "ここへ{来|く}る{途中|とちゅう}、{風|かぜ}が{強|つよ}すぎて{僕|ぼく}の{傘|かさ}は{裏返|うらがえ}しになってしまった。", "en": "On my way here, the strong wind blew my umbrella inside out.", "tatoeba_id": 224255 }, { "ja": "レコードが終わった。裏返しにしてくれ。", "furigana": "レコードが{終|お}わった。{裏返|うらがえ}しにしてくれ。", "en": "The record is finished. Turn it over.", "tatoeba_id": 192360 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "be51f1231fdbe832278cc0eee15311e2c9b0bd2dfd47921337b4366247294ae9", "meanings": [ "翻面", "里外颠倒" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ここへ来る途中、風が強すぎて僕の傘は裏返しになってしまった。", "zh": "来这里的路上风太大，我的伞被吹翻了。" }, { "ja": "レコードが終わった。裏返しにしてくれ。", "zh": "唱片播完了，请翻一面。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/00b65e54a4", "JMdict ent_seq 1550620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1b32d6bfc89f33e927e26758a07609f91c3ac2c2d87d96e35818a7b3cf97be72", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "689a54b032", "word": "売り出し", "reading": "うりだし", "romaji": "uridashi", "meanings": [ "(bargain) sale" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1588530, "examples": [ { "ja": "あのデパートでは今週メンズスーツが売り出し中だ。", "furigana": "あのデパートでは{今週|こんしゅう}メンズスーツが{売|う}り{出|だ}し{中|ちゅう}だ。", "en": "Men's suits are on sale this week at that department store.", "tatoeba_id": 231302 }, { "ja": "新商品の売り出しが始まった。", "en": "Sales of the new product have begun." }, { "ja": "売り出しの日には客が集まる。", "en": "Customers gather on the first day of the sale." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d67613515a2842468439657d0e9a7b3699f9b3bffc8330ccc26dcab38ca8e034", "meanings": [ "促销", "上市" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あのデパートでは今週メンズスーツが売り出し中だ。", "zh": "那家百货商店本周正在促销男士西装。" }, { "ja": "新商品の売り出しが始まった。", "zh": "新商品开始上市销售。" }, { "ja": "売り出しの日には客が集まる。", "zh": "促销当天顾客会聚集。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/689a54b032", "JMdict ent_seq 1588530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "52a6bdf2749e077ace17fda295f640e75af3ff5f7da606805771e186c26685fb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "94031b8804", "word": "売り出す", "reading": "うりだす", "romaji": "uridasu", "meanings": [ "to put on sale", "to market", "to become popular" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1473860, "examples": [ { "ja": "クリスマスは新しいおもちゃを売り出すいい機会だ。", "furigana": "クリスマスは{新|あたら}しいおもちゃを{売|う}り{出|だ}すいい{機会|きかい}だ。", "en": "Christmas is a good time to market new toys.", "tatoeba_id": 225461 }, { "ja": "東京で新型の車が売り出された。", "furigana": "{東京|とうきょう}で{新型|しんがた}の{車|くるま}が{売|う}り{出|だ}された。", "en": "They started to sell a new type of car in Tokyo.", "tatoeba_id": 124267 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2d506a0e078be6a711a10aac898d61cbfd7dfa1313d81132b34ac44e16e1a4a7", "meanings": [ "上市", "推出" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "クリスマスは新しいおもちゃを売り出すいい機会だ。", "zh": "圣诞节是推出新玩具的好机会。" }, { "ja": "東京で新型の車が売り出された。", "zh": "新款汽车在东京上市了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/94031b8804", "JMdict ent_seq 1473860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a300991dfa847970d8ebbadbd9d10b50a3ed9c5bf4cfd1fad12da867c6dadd9f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "268a5fd6dc", "word": "潤う", "reading": "うるおう", "romaji": "uruou", "meanings": [ "to be moist", "to be damp", "to get wet", "to profit by", "to be watered", "to receive benefits", "to favor", "to charm" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1341790, "examples": [ { "ja": "このクリーム試してみて、肌がめっちゃ潤うから。", "en": "Try this cream. It's so moisturizing.", "tatoeba_id": 9457947 }, { "ja": "ボーナスが出てよかったね。これで、家計も愛も潤うね。", "en": "Good thing you got your bonus. Now we can both pay the bills and treat ourselves.", "tatoeba_id": 9457943 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "db78e627b349ac83d6d360f1c3abc5662883265f82c22a2c09efab27c3431261", "meanings": [ "湿润", "受益" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このクリーム試してみて、肌がめっちゃ潤うから。", "zh": "试试这款面霜，皮肤会变得很滋润。" }, { "ja": "ボーナスが出てよかったね。これで、家計も愛も潤うね。", "zh": "拿到奖金真好，这下家庭经济和爱情都滋润了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/268a5fd6dc", "JMdict ent_seq 1341790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "661fef95c8526143acdfd0419669c06d950387b6861ceb5059f6bd5da297e7b1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "指皮肤等湿润，也可比喻生活富足或获益。" } }, { "id": "cca92e4195", "word": "五月蝿い", "reading": "うるさい", "romaji": "urusai", "meanings": [ "noisy", "loud", "fussy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1481920, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの子はなんてうるさい子だろう。", "furigana": "あの{子|こ}はなんてうるさい{子|こ}だろう。", "en": "What a nuisance that child is!", "tatoeba_id": 230966 }, { "ja": "彼女は服装にうるさい。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{服装|ふくそう}にうるさい。", "en": "She is particular about what she wears.", "tatoeba_id": 86838 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "10e5b7f8600667159e32952748b8d4e9c7666bbe0f67cdfabcfa41ad235bdaee", "meanings": [ "吵闹", "讲究" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの子はなんてうるさい子だろう。", "zh": "那个孩子真吵啊。" }, { "ja": "彼女は服装にうるさい。", "zh": "她对穿着很讲究。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cca92e4195", "JMdict ent_seq 1481920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a6bb6579d8330bba628b511b2a3f2da44caf8703b27dbc5f2776e9702d25dbff", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4014e54a17", "word": "浮気", "reading": "うわき", "romaji": "uwaki", "meanings": [ "flighty", "fickle", "wanton", "unfaithful" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1497450, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は決して浮気をしなかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{決|けっ}して{浮気|うわき}をしなかった。", "en": "He was always faithful to his wife.", "tatoeba_id": 107842 }, { "ja": "彼女は上役と浮気をしている。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{上役|うわやく}と{浮気|うわき}をしている。", "en": "She's having an affair with her boss.", "tatoeba_id": 88643 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1290b9c767cdbb6b1acdc5a4219239f8500ddeddaf918cdae9b80521c7fab69e", "meanings": [ "出轨", "不忠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は決して浮気をしなかった。", "zh": "他从来没有出轨。" }, { "ja": "彼女は上役と浮気をしている。", "zh": "她和上司有婚外情。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4014e54a17", "JMdict ent_seq 1497450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "36a01080bc836934ec858a780e02ac339cb4ed335fe94b71719f206014f6f8d5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4436cfdbab", "word": "上手", "reading": "うわて", "romaji": "uwate", "meanings": [ "upper part", "upper stream", "left side (of a stage)", "skillful (only in comparisons)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1580400, "examples": [ { "ja": "交渉では彼の方が一枚上手だ。", "en": "He has the upper hand in negotiations." }, { "ja": "相手が上手だったと認めた。", "en": "I acknowledged that my opponent was better." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "eb82d56c430f2e71c9689f2d4e8e5b762397fe325f9ed00067105ffcee501b52", "meanings": [ "更高明", "上手" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "交渉では彼の方が一枚上手だ。", "zh": "谈判方面他更胜一筹。" }, { "ja": "相手が上手だったと認めた。", "zh": "我承认对手更高明。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4436cfdbab", "JMdict ent_seq 1580400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e25ad89322461559875a35172a3c8611a672b95ec5d2a293b6470accff4f5083", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3803d886c8", "word": "上回る", "reading": "うわまわる", "romaji": "uwamawaru", "meanings": [ "to exceed" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1352770, "examples": [ { "ja": "所得税は控除額を上回るいかなる所得にもかかる。", "furigana": "{所得税|しょとくぜい}は{控除額|こうじょがく}を{上回|うわまわ}るいかなる{所得|しょとく}にもかかる。", "en": "An income tax is levied on any income that exceeds deductions.", "tatoeba_id": 147489 }, { "ja": "もちろん利潤は生産費を上回るべきです。", "furigana": "もちろん{利潤|りじゅん}は{生産費|せいさんひ}を{上回|うわまわ}るべきです。", "en": "Benefits of course should exceed the costs.", "tatoeba_id": 193354 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "cc1935fc7407a8781603958c56ef5ec9a1dc3e04251fc27f6ec581992ac75afd", "meanings": [ "超过" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "所得税は控除額を上回るいかなる所得にもかかる。", "zh": "所得税适用于超过扣除额的任何收入。" }, { "ja": "もちろん利潤は生産費を上回るべきです。", "zh": "当然，利润应该超过生产成本。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3803d886c8", "JMdict ent_seq 1352770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "929171afa88307b47844baf88d9f0b99daece7d1ab1fadbef880af04e09894ad", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "57d17c9b5d", "word": "植わる", "reading": "うわる", "romaji": "uwaru", "meanings": [ "to be planted" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1357260, "examples": [ { "ja": "とうとう子供たちは山の真中に、りんごの木が植わっている小さな果樹園を見つけました。", "en": "Finally the children saw a little orchard in the middle of the mountain with apple trees growing inside it.", "tatoeba_id": 201213 }, { "ja": "庭に桜の木が植わっている。", "en": "A cherry tree is planted in the garden." }, { "ja": "道の両側に木が植わっている。", "en": "Trees are planted on both sides of the road." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "55301d9b2e123a94d7487b366b39786c10209ef9d1f55f9fdc05e056b6770d5d", "meanings": [ "种着" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "とうとう子供たちは山の真中に、りんごの木が植わっている小さな果樹園を見つけました。", "zh": "孩子们终于在山中央发现了一座种着苹果树的小果园。" }, { "ja": "庭に桜の木が植わっている。", "zh": "院子里种着樱花树。" }, { "ja": "道の両側に木が植わっている。", "zh": "道路两旁种着树。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/57d17c9b5d", "JMdict ent_seq 1357260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "afddf59af4a091c2e17b05aa9a5f6b6c25910899ce079cb7de71b00bb2dcbebc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "df00842b13", "word": "運営", "reading": "うんえい", "romaji": "un'ei", "meanings": [ "management", "administration", "operation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1172690, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は病院の管理運営に責任がある。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{病院|びょういん}の{管理|かんり}{運営|うんえい}に{責任|せきにん}がある。", "en": "He's in charge of administration at the hospital.", "tatoeba_id": 100608 }, { "ja": "学校を運営する費用が上昇し続けた。", "furigana": "{学校|がっこう}を{運営|うんえい}する{費用|ひよう}が{上昇|じょうしょう}し{続|つづ}けた。", "en": "The cost of operating schools continued to rise.", "tatoeba_id": 184357 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "38b91ab974523dadb63c3c53d6f077489466a19e50b09d398182a66e3bc4e0db", "meanings": [ "运营", "管理" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は病院の管理運営に責任がある。", "zh": "他负责医院的管理运营。" }, { "ja": "学校を運営する費用が上昇し続けた。", "zh": "运营学校的费用持续上涨。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/df00842b13", "JMdict ent_seq 1172690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "606f502cb8e926bc6492f27bbf938958a32267e2e665a25be76ca0531110ccd2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f326cdd448", "word": "うんざり", "reading": "うんざり", "romaji": "unzari", "meanings": [ "tedious", "boring", "being fed up with" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adv-to", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1001110, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの子にはうんざりする。", "furigana": "あの{子|こ}にはうんざりする。", "en": "The kid is a pain in the neck.", "tatoeba_id": 230980 }, { "ja": "彼女はみんなをうんざりさせます。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はみんなをうんざりさせます。", "en": "She drives everybody up the wall.", "tatoeba_id": 91418 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "97dc386c2bcc773bd6c60c8b7ef82a8085818e21251de872b8aaf2fb95e1462f", "meanings": [ "厌烦" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの子にはうんざりする。", "zh": "我受够那个孩子了。" }, { "ja": "彼女はみんなをうんざりさせます。", "zh": "她让所有人都感到厌烦。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f326cdd448", "JMdict ent_seq 1001110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a1774f212a2535a83d92e0e80c41db381c6e6bb38dc12a76c1d8b8de8c3264d4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6d4666b784", "word": "運送", "reading": "うんそう", "romaji": "unsou", "meanings": [ "shipping", "marine transportation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1588620, "examples": [ { "ja": "荷物の運送を会社に頼んだ。", "en": "I asked a company to transport the goods." }, { "ja": "運送費は別途必要です。", "en": "Shipping costs are charged separately." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ade2dc7494bd04473b64e5d4b1aa1d38a92a4c2191e29dd98e79bf67afbfde79", "meanings": [ "运输", "货运" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "荷物の運送を会社に頼んだ。", "zh": "我委托公司运输货物。" }, { "ja": "運送費は別途必要です。", "zh": "运费需要另付。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6d4666b784", "JMdict ent_seq 1588620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e066801e4b159e1be376b601b5f1a98659ee6717354cfbd6b948c0eb6a7c016c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2eba52219f", "word": "運賃", "reading": "うんちん", "romaji": "unchin", "meanings": [ "freight rates", "shipping expenses", "fare" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1172820, "examples": [ { "ja": "運賃は片道1ドルです。", "furigana": "{運賃|うんちん}は{片道|かたみち}1ドルです。", "en": "The fare is one dollar each way.", "tatoeba_id": 189469 }, { "ja": "この価格には、運賃は含まれていません。", "furigana": "この{価格|かかく}には、{運賃|うんちん}は{含|ふく}まれていません。", "en": "Delivery is not included in the price.", "tatoeba_id": 222874 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "db1dfef92a27469088656b206f1eba15e5c0a1d0e84435820dfc28091f3c14ad", "meanings": [ "运费", "车费" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "運賃は片道1ドルです。", "zh": "单程票价是一美元。" }, { "ja": "この価格には、運賃は含まれていません。", "zh": "这个价格不包括运费。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2eba52219f", "JMdict ent_seq 1172820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "94923820353ade97f1ac0072415db3601ddafe7fd2efe19c7f386cd20376f323", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "326a77ddc9", "word": "云々", "reading": "うんぬん", "romaji": "unnun", "meanings": [ "and so on", "and so forth", "comment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "exp" ], "jmdict_id": 1588630, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は制度について云々した。", "en": "He commented on the system." }, { "ja": "才能が云々されることが多い。", "en": "Talent is often talked about." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3576852c28e919ccd459333ea952363b91b159dbee7fe73198d8aab7b3085ab3", "meanings": [ "云云", "评论" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は制度について云々した。", "zh": "他对制度发表了评论。" }, { "ja": "才能が云々されることが多い。", "zh": "才能经常被人议论。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/326a77ddc9", "JMdict ent_seq 1588630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d3ae3dd568c701ac8b5c46b900cd81d1cf4874c64354a14fa71fd29676c1ebb7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7e99520775", "word": "運搬", "reading": "うんぱん", "romaji": "unpan", "meanings": [ "transport", "carriage" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1173010, "examples": [ { "ja": "男性は一人で運搬トラックに荷物を詰め込んでいる。", "furigana": "{男性|だんせい}は{一人|ひとり}で{運搬|うんぱん}トラックに{荷物|にもつ}を{詰|つ}め{込|こ}んでいる。", "en": "The man is loading the moving truck on his own.", "tatoeba_id": 127152 }, { "ja": "重い機械を運搬する。", "en": "Transport the heavy machine." }, { "ja": "運搬には専用の車が必要だ。", "en": "A special vehicle is needed for transport." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0d99388a2e7aa2525031ff1976f25642fd7b28e8c62402d7b293e28bb99dacd2", "meanings": [ "运输", "搬运" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "男性は一人で運搬トラックに荷物を詰め込んでいる。", "zh": "男子独自往运输卡车上装货。" }, { "ja": "重い機械を運搬する。", "zh": "搬运重机器。" }, { "ja": "運搬には専用の車が必要だ。", "zh": "搬运需要专用车辆。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7e99520775", "JMdict ent_seq 1173010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "151fb013fabf9ed21fe033d4e1f0eb0c1d0afaf1899ef962383757b49dd6ccd2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "645451702d", "word": "運命", "reading": "うんめい", "romaji": "unmei", "meanings": [ "fate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1173030, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは二度と彼女に会えない運命だった。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちは{二度|にど}と{彼女|かのじょ}に{会|あ}えない{運命|うんめい}だった。", "en": "We were never to see her again.", "tatoeba_id": 165374 }, { "ja": "彼らは決してあえない運命だった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{決|けっ}してあえない{運命|うんめい}だった。", "en": "They were destined never to meet.", "tatoeba_id": 97275 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "644498836ce22a786fafceb43b12ad85cc6f26546da3adf7a4ca5d77ad3e802a", "meanings": [ "命运" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは二度と彼女に会えない運命だった。", "zh": "我们命中注定再也见不到她。" }, { "ja": "彼らは決してあえない運命だった。", "zh": "他们注定永远无法相见。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/645451702d", "JMdict ent_seq 1173030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f7cb7eb58d3fb6587648f22280d12ac840239ead5167dca3b28ac9010b26561f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "01f242436f", "word": "運輸", "reading": "うんゆ", "romaji": "un'yu", "meanings": [ "transportation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1173050, "examples": [ { "ja": "運輸の安全を守る。", "en": "Protect transportation safety." }, { "ja": "彼は運輸業で働いている。", "en": "He works in the transport industry." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "316cf22fe20517a92122a78c2be75b38ebafc29003eca2151f254748d79b8d31", "meanings": [ "运输" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "運輸の安全を守る。", "zh": "保障运输安全。" }, { "ja": "彼は運輸業で働いている。", "zh": "他在运输业工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/01f242436f", "JMdict ent_seq 1173050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "10ff4d13ec613423bba1b656a3c4b86ee3024f91b80300b13b472e65d15f411e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1103db2949", "word": "運用", "reading": "うんよう", "romaji": "un'you", "meanings": [ "making use of", "application", "investment", "practical use" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1173090, "examples": [ { "ja": "問題は、お金をどう運用すべきかだ。", "en": "The problem is how we should manage the money.", "tatoeba_id": 11883545 }, { "ja": "資金を安全に運用したい。", "en": "I want to manage the funds safely." }, { "ja": "新しい制度の運用を始めた。", "en": "We started operating the new system." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f68cd22c0ae9f0305e5dade9fc34f0870481faeb5d4175667a234632bebe7501", "meanings": [ "运用", "运营" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "問題は、お金をどう運用すべきかだ。", "zh": "问题是应该怎样运用资金。" }, { "ja": "資金を安全に運用したい。", "zh": "我想安全地运用资金。" }, { "ja": "新しい制度の運用を始めた。", "zh": "我们开始运行新制度。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1103db2949", "JMdict ent_seq 1173090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "858d9fed10ce74813a2f451799c48108bd54deb015d92a9037db90a80c71baf5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5da1033412", "word": "会", "reading": "え", "romaji": "e", "meanings": [ "understanding" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1198160, "examples": [ { "ja": "寺で法会が開かれた。", "en": "A Buddhist service was held at the temple." }, { "ja": "仏教の会に参列した。", "en": "I attended a Buddhist gathering." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d0c6429f5f209e9417e34dc50311a434183f055778a28493119333c2a087ff0a", "meanings": [ "会", "法会" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "寺で法会が開かれた。", "zh": "寺院举行了法会。" }, { "ja": "仏教の会に参列した。", "zh": "我参加了佛教法会。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5da1033412", "JMdict ent_seq 1198160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6161b816fd916df1346bba9f898bdf4e6925449401acdbaf3d257a79a1897ada", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5fd6ea6d24", "word": "重", "reading": "え", "romaji": "e", "meanings": [ "-fold", "-ply" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf", "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1335730, "examples": [ { "ja": "箱を二重に包んだ。", "en": "I wrapped the box in two layers." }, { "ja": "この花は八重に咲く。", "en": "This flower blooms with multiple layers of petals." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "047816ff77f1fb51402a9780ba4eeef337dc9fbc9f4eebce075ff9e7248717b3", "meanings": [ "重", "层" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "箱を二重に包んだ。", "zh": "我给箱子包了两层。" }, { "ja": "この花は八重に咲く。", "zh": "这种花开重瓣。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5fd6ea6d24", "JMdict ent_seq 1335730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2a78e48dc7b8984946a542b08c1f92aa9e2ef54983e70cbea59afd1a565be197", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a26814e88a", "word": "エアメール", "reading": "エアメール", "romaji": "eameeru", "meanings": [ "air mail" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1027510, "examples": [ { "ja": "エアメールだといくらですか？", "en": "What's the airmail rate?", "tatoeba_id": 9434899 }, { "ja": "彼女は手紙をエアメールで送った。", "en": "She sent the letter by airmail.", "tatoeba_id": 1772315 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "19cc9c040d04d8742eda80da7e3453a6bddc409f19ccfc7642207a49cd7dc2dd", "meanings": [ "航空邮件" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "エアメールだといくらですか？", "zh": "用航空邮件寄要多少钱？" }, { "ja": "彼女は手紙をエアメールで送った。", "zh": "她用航空邮件寄了信。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a26814e88a", "JMdict ent_seq 1027510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bab4c4357e83795c8eb064d6721e8ca55e69b8fc578e122b1a85be27c8d27721", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "922da07980", "word": "えい", "reading": "えい", "romaji": "ei", "meanings": [ "ray (fish)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1001130, "examples": [ { "ja": "水族館でえいを見た。", "en": "I saw a ray at the aquarium." }, { "ja": "えいが海の底を泳いでいる。", "en": "A ray is swimming along the seabed." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c1086069ab3edde7350aadb34fcb837e972290e8ef3221631726cb764b2c8f36", "meanings": [ "鳐鱼" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "水族館でえいを見た。", "zh": "我在水族馆看到了鳐鱼。" }, { "ja": "えいが海の底を泳いでいる。", "zh": "一条鳐鱼正在海底游动。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/922da07980", "JMdict ent_seq 1001130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "182c855c89a5a10e1d10a44de2c0ef7120d0730c23060db3563e1d8c97c0b866", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cebfa04858", "word": "英字", "reading": "えいじ", "romaji": "eiji", "meanings": [ "English letter (character)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1174530, "examples": [ { "ja": "名前を英字で書いてください。", "en": "Please write your name in English letters." }, { "ja": "パスワードに英字を使う。", "en": "Use alphabetic characters in the password." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "720db4dd6dc62a4adaad8d0046f97fb10497dd74930660a6db3fe044cbaec82d", "meanings": [ "英文字母" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "名前を英字で書いてください。", "zh": "请用英文字母写姓名。" }, { "ja": "パスワードに英字を使う。", "zh": "密码中使用英文字母。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cebfa04858", "JMdict ent_seq 1174530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0a5c45587d91ba03f1352aee02564852af7a6da6adcaffaf388bcdcfb4e08362", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "189db824d3", "word": "映写", "reading": "えいしゃ", "romaji": "eisha", "meanings": [ "projection" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1173780, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその劇場で映写係をやっている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{劇場|げきじょう}で{映写|えいしゃ}{係|がかり}をやっている。", "en": "He's the projectionist at the theater.", "tatoeba_id": 112939 }, { "ja": "映画の映写が始まった。", "en": "The film projection began." }, { "ja": "古い映写機で映画を映す。", "en": "A film is projected with an old projector." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "63b631fc5005ebdba54352c3f27221da0c5501b06b431294a1d02858ed95e348", "meanings": [ "放映" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその劇場で映写係をやっている。", "zh": "他在那家剧院担任放映员。" }, { "ja": "映画の映写が始まった。", "zh": "电影开始放映了。" }, { "ja": "古い映写機で映画を映す。", "zh": "用旧放映机放电影。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/189db824d3", "JMdict ent_seq 1173780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0bb4f7f433e1308dd02d92c60d8fe4c73ef57809f46115ecb496ad3f40c22000", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "be5ed48bcd", "word": "衛生", "reading": "えいせい", "romaji": "eisei", "meanings": [ "health", "hygiene", "sanitation", "medical" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1174790, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は衛生監視員である。", "en": "He is a sanitary inspector.", "tatoeba_id": 109611 }, { "ja": "衛生用品売り場はどこですか。", "furigana": "{衛生|えいせい}{用品|ようひん}{売|う}り{場|ば}はどこですか。", "en": "Where is the sanitary section?", "tatoeba_id": 188967 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "dfdc008f1e7fe79a2bd6756312c48516e3af116bcb51a05b838dff5e2e91184e", "meanings": [ "卫生" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は衛生監視員である。", "zh": "他是卫生监督员。" }, { "ja": "衛生用品売り場はどこですか。", "zh": "卫生用品柜台在哪里？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/be5ed48bcd", "JMdict ent_seq 1174790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "14184b900800b67825c9a76a572f3d670bb1bcaab5810e30fbf423c6ac61e962", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b1ee34b937", "word": "映像", "reading": "えいぞう", "romaji": "eizou", "meanings": [ "reflection", "image" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1173800, "examples": [ { "ja": "その映像はピントがあっていない。", "furigana": "その{映像|えいぞう}はピントがあっていない。", "en": "The image is not in focus.", "tatoeba_id": 212216 }, { "ja": "多くの場合、音楽を聴く時に心に浮かぶ映像はＣＤのアートワークです。", "en": "In many cases, the image that comes to mind when you listen to music is that of the CD's artwork.", "tatoeba_id": 644264 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ed72ed63da7764d42af183380163f871928cdd3c7d7a781cf2a62b9068047050", "meanings": [ "影像", "画面" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その映像はピントがあっていない。", "zh": "那个影像没有对好焦。" }, { "ja": "多くの場合、音楽を聴く時に心に浮かぶ映像はＣＤのアートワークです。", "zh": "很多时候，听音乐时脑海中浮现的画面是CD封面。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b1ee34b937", "JMdict ent_seq 1173800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "14be442fd93554d554e9f48ed921c3cc22132f8f05c9c7080d046895a5eae5b9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "62924474c4", "word": "英雄", "reading": "えいゆう", "romaji": "eiyuu", "meanings": [ "hero", "great man" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1174680, "examples": [ { "ja": "英雄も従者にはただの人。", "en": "No man is a hero to his valet.", "tatoeba_id": 188973 }, { "ja": "彼らは彼を英雄として崇拝した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{彼|かれ}を{英雄|えいゆう}として{崇拝|すうはい}した。", "en": "They worshipped him as a hero.", "tatoeba_id": 96305 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4296d67f8fe7561cb4d99240bde9d5573c91f71fb6cd6d5b8316513f90369428", "meanings": [ "英雄" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "英雄も従者にはただの人。", "zh": "英雄在随从眼里也只是普通人。" }, { "ja": "彼らは彼を英雄として崇拝した。", "zh": "他们把他当英雄崇拜。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/62924474c4", "JMdict ent_seq 1174680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "22964dbcff2368e4d3d76eebdd738eb17c97dc4e398659353db2301a915d53a6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "19595bf6aa", "word": "液", "reading": "えき", "romaji": "eki", "meanings": [ "liquid", "fluid" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1174970, "examples": [ { "ja": "その液はいやな臭いを発した。", "en": "The liquor gave off a sickly odor.", "tatoeba_id": 212208 }, { "ja": "その液から溶剤を揮発させる。残るのは、香り成分と植物ワックスの塊。", "furigana": "その{液|えき}から{溶剤|ようざい}を{揮発|きはつ}させる。{残|のこ}るのは、{香|かお}り{成分|せいぶん}と{植物|しょくぶつ}ワックスの{塊|かたまり}。", "en": "Vaporise the solvent from the liquid. What's left is the perfume component and a lump of vegetable wax.", "tatoeba_id": 74545 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "67c3c3ff530d2d0882dff2ce0ed86155b637697391d6911a00b13ddb0c62fa03", "meanings": [ "液体" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その液はいやな臭いを発した。", "zh": "那液体发出了难闻的气味。" }, { "ja": "その液から溶剤を揮発させる。残るのは、香り成分と植物ワックスの塊。", "zh": "让溶剂从液体中挥发，剩下的是香味成分和植物蜡的块状物。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/19595bf6aa", "JMdict ent_seq 1174970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6150655e58a78f2b2c9ff793753aacd5635e6e06f5a7c0fd0826fec1dbc46b95", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ca47625fe8", "word": "役", "reading": "えき", "romaji": "eki", "meanings": [ "war", "campaign", "battle" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1537960, "examples": [ { "ja": "その役で多くの兵が亡くなった。", "en": "Many soldiers died in that campaign." }, { "ja": "歴史書にはその役の経過が記されている。", "en": "The history book records the course of the campaign." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "49d34e74769f9a73388fb80ef10e94a6096d5e37a1443aa5a11ffd7c9d913dd0", "meanings": [ "战争", "战役" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その役で多くの兵が亡くなった。", "zh": "许多士兵死于那场战役。" }, { "ja": "歴史書にはその役の経過が記されている。", "zh": "史书记录了那场战役的经过。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ca47625fe8", "JMdict ent_seq 1537960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1f7e1cdba286b0b9bdf0c069f317a855b02843f642383aea18de87e1071a0ece", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2cd66712b3", "word": "閲覧", "reading": "えつらん", "romaji": "etsuran", "meanings": [ "inspection", "reading" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1175380, "examples": [ { "ja": "お前の好きなインターネット閲覧ソフトはなんだ。", "en": "What's your favorite web browser?", "tatoeba_id": 1487208 }, { "ja": "インターネットの閲覧にYahooを使っている。", "en": "I use \"Yahoo\" to browse the internet.", "tatoeba_id": 9855974 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fa8de14766e272ea3ae11e42f859758e90eb5ac8f9d28bdaa3a87899f5805aea", "meanings": [ "阅览", "浏览" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "お前の好きなインターネット閲覧ソフトはなんだ。", "zh": "你喜欢的网页浏览软件是什么？" }, { "ja": "インターネットの閲覧にYahooを使っている。", "zh": "我用Yahoo浏览互联网。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2cd66712b3", "JMdict ent_seq 1175380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6f2c65b4c77f80b54cefcf132af09a608e51c535906c99fd18f14d94696ac716", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d8f1d8b772", "word": "獲物", "reading": "えもの", "romaji": "emono", "meanings": [ "game", "spoils", "trophy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1205760, "examples": [ { "ja": "ワシは獲物めがけて急降下した。", "furigana": "ワシは{獲物|えもの}めがけて{急降下|きゅうこうか}した。", "en": "The eagle dived at its prey.", "tatoeba_id": 191978 }, { "ja": "男は狩人で、女はその獲物である。", "furigana": "{男|おとこ}は{狩人|かりゅうど}で、{女|おんな}はその{獲物|えもの}である。", "en": "Man is the hunter, woman is his game.", "tatoeba_id": 127200 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "685fdda4ba8c4a8f94b641175d450871fd02fb83eb4b5b414fbf8b4856a48455", "meanings": [ "猎物", "战利品" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ワシは獲物めがけて急降下した。", "zh": "鹰朝猎物猛冲下去。" }, { "ja": "男は狩人で、女はその獲物である。", "zh": "男人是猎人，女人是他的猎物。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d8f1d8b772", "JMdict ent_seq 1205760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "47afcbc8112d6557fa82b37d6aeb952585186d33834586a0670990969abeb39c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "13ff9735e2", "word": "襟", "reading": "えり", "romaji": "eri", "meanings": [ "neck", "collar", "lapel", "neckband" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1588750, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はそのメダルをピンで襟にとめた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はそのメダルをピンで{襟|えり}にとめた。", "en": "She fastened the medal on the lapel with a pin.", "tatoeba_id": 92566 }, { "ja": "彼のえりのサイズはいくつですか。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}のえりのサイズはいくつですか。", "en": "What size of collar does he take?", "tatoeba_id": 118398 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a546ffd5bcfa38fa046267cc6470f6967ef4bb27a84e7524523ba6357072e503", "meanings": [ "衣领" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はそのメダルをピンで襟にとめた。", "zh": "她用别针把奖章别在领子上。" }, { "ja": "彼のえりのサイズはいくつですか。", "zh": "他的衣领尺寸是多少？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/13ff9735e2", "JMdict ent_seq 1588750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "df3898f1055162081dd036322b6fff2c13db035c409387e524eb9bd513e0f826", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6451784f21", "word": "エレガント", "reading": "エレガント", "romaji": "ereganto", "meanings": [ "elegant" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1030350, "examples": [ { "ja": "なんてエレガントなヨットなんでしょう！", "en": "What an elegant yacht!", "tatoeba_id": 3375549 }, { "ja": "彼女はエレガントな服を着ている。", "en": "She is wearing an elegant outfit." }, { "ja": "エレガントなデザインが人気だ。", "en": "The elegant design is popular." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3ef950058b6af22d82560d22de88d4f5f7a6513a1db234c7675704f83b07be2f", "meanings": [ "优雅" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "なんてエレガントなヨットなんでしょう！", "zh": "多么优雅的游艇啊！" }, { "ja": "彼女はエレガントな服を着ている。", "zh": "她穿着优雅的衣服。" }, { "ja": "エレガントなデザインが人気だ。", "zh": "优雅的设计很受欢迎。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6451784f21", "JMdict ent_seq 1030350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0896b37d92ac2edf664f8069c6dcaf09ad0fc6e0f7250c7429b104e09573edb3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9214f9905f", "word": "園", "reading": "えん", "romaji": "en", "meanings": [ "garden (esp. man-made)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 2854424, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは私の果実園を荒らした。", "en": "They robbed my orchard.", "tatoeba_id": 97010 }, { "ja": "彼らは私の果実園からりんごを盗んだ。", "en": "They stole apples from my orchard.", "tatoeba_id": 97011 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1a6684c125c2c581a14bc02367bcb2ef97b7f81e294cda72c283440d45295ca8", "meanings": [ "园", "果园" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは私の果実園を荒らした。", "zh": "他们破坏了我的果园。" }, { "ja": "彼らは私の果実園からりんごを盗んだ。", "zh": "他们从我的果园偷了苹果。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9214f9905f", "JMdict ent_seq 2854424; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f6b507d849e379547bd55a51331b66bf750507de143687cadea8ea186bdf9c81", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f11ad5d8d2", "word": "縁", "reading": "えん", "romaji": "en", "meanings": [ "chance", "fate", "destiny", "relation", "bonds", "connection", "karma" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1177490, "examples": [ { "ja": "金の切れ目が縁の切れ目。", "furigana": "{金|かね}の{切|き}れ{目|め}が{縁|えん}の{切|き}れ{目|め}。", "en": "The end of money is the end of love.", "tatoeba_id": 179747 }, { "ja": "戸籍上の縁は切れても、昔日の絆はそのままだ。", "furigana": "{戸籍|こせき}{上|じょう}の{縁|えん}は{切|き}れても、{昔日|せきじつ}の{絆|きずな}はそのままだ。", "en": "Our connection may be cut on paper but the bonds of old remain as they were.", "tatoeba_id": 76182 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d37feade781f14df9ff7aaf8c375d3aa31542059dc8dd7d8e66e04f9397e9177", "meanings": [ "缘分", "关系" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "金の切れ目が縁の切れ目。", "zh": "钱尽缘断。" }, { "ja": "戸籍上の縁は切れても、昔日の絆はそのままだ。", "zh": "即使户籍上的关系断绝，往日的羁绊仍然存在。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f11ad5d8d2", "JMdict ent_seq 1177490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c91edd202efb87b8933c911e203ee9ff3d464748a7254156fb9dc7d85399f98f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "缘分、人际关系或联系；与円（钱币、圆）同音。" } }, { "id": "281570f768", "word": "艶", "reading": "えん", "romaji": "en", "meanings": [ "charming", "fascinating", "voluptuous" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1615260, "examples": [ { "ja": "艶な姿に目を奪われた。", "en": "I was captivated by the alluring figure." }, { "ja": "艶な着物姿を描いた。", "en": "The artist depicted an alluring figure in a kimono." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b8f239aa5878e2b448b4cc7ecd2af600f2036e53aa5bf4b031401ef56e5d00a6", "meanings": [ "妖艳", "迷人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "艶な姿に目を奪われた。", "zh": "那妖艳的身姿吸引了我的目光。" }, { "ja": "艶な着物姿を描いた。", "zh": "艺术家描绘了迷人的和服身姿。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/281570f768", "JMdict ent_seq 1615260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0cb0ee87201d95939cd3b1f0126df3e909ce097972829d3ec08b5f4a86b6c7c8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f9aaf64bd0", "word": "塩", "reading": "えん", "romaji": "en", "meanings": [ "salt" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2847901, "examples": [ { "ja": "酸と塩基から塩ができる。", "en": "A salt forms from an acid and a base." }, { "ja": "塩の性質を実験で調べた。", "en": "I studied the properties of a salt in an experiment." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "994100c403a6bf9e1e4ca0bae5ba84bb5a236c410cb9745fe0f13d57a8b11a10", "meanings": [ "盐（化学）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "酸と塩基から塩ができる。", "zh": "酸与碱反应生成盐。" }, { "ja": "塩の性質を実験で調べた。", "zh": "我通过实验研究了盐的性质。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f9aaf64bd0", "JMdict ent_seq 2847901; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e75f88e64318c5664cf8e875da99016dd84a7c85cf85c177320719f7a5065183", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c21a451e73", "word": "円滑", "reading": "えんかつ", "romaji": "enkatsu", "meanings": [ "harmony", "smoothness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1576570, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は、中国語をしっていたので、私たちは計画を円滑に実行できた。", "en": "His knowledge of Chinese enabled us to carry out our plan smoothly.", "tatoeba_id": 115430 }, { "ja": "話し合いが円滑に進んだ。", "en": "The discussion proceeded smoothly." }, { "ja": "円滑な連携が重要です。", "en": "Smooth cooperation is important." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d1884c9243eec255322a8bfb7091b41a2076c1bf509a102a140bf9aef8160266", "meanings": [ "顺利", "圆滑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は、中国語をしっていたので、私たちは計画を円滑に実行できた。", "zh": "因为他懂中文，我们得以顺利实施计划。" }, { "ja": "話し合いが円滑に進んだ。", "zh": "讨论进行得很顺利。" }, { "ja": "円滑な連携が重要です。", "zh": "顺畅合作很重要。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c21a451e73", "JMdict ent_seq 1576570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9d482412bd4ce2bc86a91b7de3fd552d0af2983dd591df0dd6e6f48eb89aa7fe", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "26a7133c2f", "word": "縁側", "reading": "えんがわ", "romaji": "engawa", "meanings": [ "veranda", "porch", "balcony", "open corridor" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1177630, "examples": [ { "ja": "縁側で庭を眺めた。", "en": "I looked at the garden from the veranda." }, { "ja": "祖母は縁側に座っている。", "en": "Grandmother is sitting on the veranda." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "41420b59d16b211677f01fbce9ba21024221f1d773ad4e2f2e2e46b4cb5fbf85", "meanings": [ "日式房屋外廊" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "縁側で庭を眺めた。", "zh": "我在外廊眺望庭院。" }, { "ja": "祖母は縁側に座っている。", "zh": "祖母坐在外廊上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/26a7133c2f", "JMdict ent_seq 1177630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "44e40eee560743e6ab8e6852bf9a7fb6c60a96be7fa7f2868e040a66c0fefc0c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "32f7aa5c9b", "word": "沿岸", "reading": "えんがん", "romaji": "engan", "meanings": [ "coast", "shore" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1176740, "examples": [ { "ja": "トロール漁船は沿岸の魚をとりつくしました。", "furigana": "トロール{漁船|ぎょせん}は{沿岸|えんがん}の{魚|さかな}をとりつくしました。", "en": "Fishing trawlers have fished out all the local waters.", "tatoeba_id": 199625 }, { "ja": "船は沿岸に向かって急いで進んだ。", "furigana": "{船|ふね}は{沿岸|えんがん}に{向|む}かって{急|いそ}いで{進|すす}んだ。", "en": "The ship made for the shore.", "tatoeba_id": 141139 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3d0dd45149db9cd2671cc53f907f463dc8d8d44c250733c35b1cf2bc7d77e498", "meanings": [ "沿岸", "海岸" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "トロール漁船は沿岸の魚をとりつくしました。", "zh": "拖网渔船把沿岸的鱼捕光了。" }, { "ja": "船は沿岸に向かって急いで進んだ。", "zh": "船朝海岸急速前进。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/32f7aa5c9b", "JMdict ent_seq 1176740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "73967072915fab0e16ff3266cd105031113c07f8248b13730633bb9b4c0b8611", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "93fe84e748", "word": "婉曲", "reading": "えんきょく", "romaji": "enkyoku", "meanings": [ "euphemistic", "circumlocution", "roundabout", "indirect", "insinuating" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1566060, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は婉曲な表現で断った。", "en": "He declined using indirect language." }, { "ja": "婉曲に意見を伝える。", "en": "Express an opinion indirectly." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c9324df0de51744ddb9c271844ad0f31f8d52edbe6a9899feb6d4a86cff5863d", "meanings": [ "委婉", "含蓄" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は婉曲な表現で断った。", "zh": "他用委婉的措辞拒绝了。" }, { "ja": "婉曲に意見を伝える。", "zh": "委婉地表达意见。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/93fe84e748", "JMdict ent_seq 1566060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e8f736ab2d502c5562e0c3dae8329f4fecde49099de3799b7133195704fa1266", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e5d4fba484", "word": "エンジニア", "reading": "エンジニア", "romaji": "enjinia", "meanings": [ "engineer" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1030910, "examples": [ { "ja": "どうしてビルはエンジニアになる決心をしたのか。", "furigana": "どうしてビルはエンジニアになる{決心|けっしん}をしたのか。", "en": "What made Bill decide to be an engineer?", "tatoeba_id": 201521 }, { "ja": "父は私をエンジニアにするつもりです。", "furigana": "{父|ちち}は{私|わたし}をエンジニアにするつもりです。", "en": "My father intends that I should become an engineer.", "tatoeba_id": 84480 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "01c6a4f1d512ac5e99e8d328c1043b058ffe53e5dda7eddf9d32e227a024ad78", "meanings": [ "工程师" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "どうしてビルはエンジニアになる決心をしたのか。", "zh": "比尔为什么决定当工程师？" }, { "ja": "父は私をエンジニアにするつもりです。", "zh": "父亲打算让我当工程师。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e5d4fba484", "JMdict ent_seq 1030910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "de1dec80aecf0f8b5c2b45a15211fe6191510361fa17d87e31148eeecff88d96", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d8d1560f90", "word": "演習", "reading": "えんしゅう", "romaji": "enshuu", "meanings": [ "practice", "exercises", "manoeuvers" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1176930, "examples": [ { "ja": "地震を想定した演習を行った。", "en": "We conducted a drill based on an earthquake scenario." }, { "ja": "授業で数学の演習をした。", "en": "We did mathematics exercises in class." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "712ff16f65de5774254018c347ccb0035c28a86060cb644306c714427b1d3e74", "meanings": [ "演习", "练习" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "地震を想定した演習を行った。", "zh": "我们进行了地震情景演习。" }, { "ja": "授業で数学の演習をした。", "zh": "我们在课上做了数学练习。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d8d1560f90", "JMdict ent_seq 1176930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c72b7e8d7e612cea1dbe9a50bb390a302c433e3b943d8fd4883ea64b9ef86a97", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "62e5ed991c", "word": "演出", "reading": "えんしゅつ", "romaji": "enshutsu", "meanings": [ "production (e.g. play)", "direction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1176950, "examples": [ { "ja": "その劇は彼によって演出された。", "furigana": "その{劇|げき}は{彼|かれ}によって{演出|えんしゅつ}された。", "en": "The play was produced by him.", "tatoeba_id": 211153 }, { "ja": "彼女は舞台を演出した。", "en": "She directed the stage production." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7777045a886f478bd94d85e878af709245d6e9ab57c9a462605b8b605d136b42", "meanings": [ "导演", "策划" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その劇は彼によって演出された。", "zh": "那出戏由他执导。" }, { "ja": "彼女は舞台を演出した。", "zh": "她执导了舞台演出。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/62e5ed991c", "JMdict ent_seq 1176950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d0e6f36af0a6a0a91cd45fdca3aa01e836f7a0c590cafc967d0224ac0cc3a27c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "df7f4310a6", "word": "演じる", "reading": "えんじる", "romaji": "enjiru", "meanings": [ "to perform (a play)", "to play (a part)", "to act (a part)", "to commit (a blunder)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1176780, "examples": [ { "ja": "学生たちは「ハムレット」を演じた。", "furigana": "{学生|がくせい}たちは「ハムレット」を{演|えん}じた。", "en": "The students performed Hamlet.", "tatoeba_id": 184320 }, { "ja": "私たちはコロンブスの話を演じた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちはコロンブスの{話|はなし}を{演|えん}じた。", "en": "We acted the story of Columbus.", "tatoeba_id": 166520 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ffcd692616995c452e0ea8c24bbc90834c4051620e979f26338c0845ba9c7632", "meanings": [ "演出", "扮演" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "学生たちは「ハムレット」を演じた。", "zh": "学生们演出了《哈姆雷特》。" }, { "ja": "私たちはコロンブスの話を演じた。", "zh": "我们表演了哥伦布的故事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/df7f4310a6", "JMdict ent_seq 1176780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b214155953523cedd58cbeb90828cc9f3b7e71bb14e0649cd4b938ae7110819b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b7dd037f7c", "word": "演ずる", "reading": "えんずる", "romaji": "enzuru", "meanings": [ "to perform", "to play" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vz", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1176790, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はロミオを演ずるとプログラムに出ていた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はロミオを{演|えん}ずるとプログラムに{出|で}ていた。", "en": "It says in the program that he's playing Romeo.", "tatoeba_id": 110309 }, { "ja": "世論は政治の領域で重要な役割を演ずる。", "en": "Public opinion plays a vital role in politics.", "tatoeba_id": 143337 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1bbe391e00749e3684e8c8982152db7b435a027d5d002e4b5a9bd8b9245663a2", "meanings": [ "演出", "扮演" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はロミオを演ずるとプログラムに出ていた。", "zh": "节目单上写着他扮演罗密欧。" }, { "ja": "世論は政治の領域で重要な役割を演ずる。", "zh": "舆论在政治领域发挥着重要作用。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b7dd037f7c", "JMdict ent_seq 1176790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9f26098206008925da6ba0c08c6691141a649307bca3df64b191d3eaf7da7e3b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7429dae3d6", "word": "沿線", "reading": "えんせん", "romaji": "ensen", "meanings": [ "along railway line" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1176750, "examples": [ { "ja": "入学式も終わりました。同じ沿線の大学です。", "en": "I've already had the entrance ceremony. It's a university alongside the same railway line.", "tatoeba_id": 75604 }, { "ja": "沿線には大学が多い。", "en": "There are many universities along the railway line." }, { "ja": "鉄道沿線に新しい店ができた。", "en": "A new shop opened along the railway line." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f885ed989ce6eea28121a624acc4b5664ada769666fc5121a5f339561e1c1770", "meanings": [ "沿线" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "入学式も終わりました。同じ沿線の大学です。", "zh": "入学仪式也结束了，是同一条线路沿线的大学。" }, { "ja": "沿線には大学が多い。", "zh": "铁路沿线有许多大学。" }, { "ja": "鉄道沿線に新しい店ができた。", "zh": "铁路沿线开了一家新店。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7429dae3d6", "JMdict ent_seq 1176750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a9dd3b53007d56e8b6f68bdaa1b6be8d9fd5813f4bd62f3f255debcae12f524d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "da24646f6d", "word": "縁談", "reading": "えんだん", "romaji": "endan", "meanings": [ "marriage proposal", "engagement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1177650, "examples": [ { "ja": "やっと、姉の縁談がまとまりました。", "en": "My older sister's marriage has finally been arranged.", "tatoeba_id": 10813358 }, { "ja": "縁談がまとまった。", "en": "The marriage arrangement was settled." }, { "ja": "家族が縁談について話している。", "en": "The family is discussing a marriage proposal." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6ccf6be1f9944d11673b5923e7f116a8d456485edf7542ba8882d09d96027676", "meanings": [ "婚事", "婚谈" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "やっと、姉の縁談がまとまりました。", "zh": "姐姐的婚事终于定下来了。" }, { "ja": "縁談がまとまった。", "zh": "婚事定下来了。" }, { "ja": "家族が縁談について話している。", "zh": "家人正在谈论婚事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/da24646f6d", "JMdict ent_seq 1177650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b1623b6108c5fb8620ec3bac3ad6746386d3a601c3b6d7d4153c41615233be9f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3bfb8d81d9", "word": "遠方", "reading": "えんぽう", "romaji": "enpou", "meanings": [ "long way", "distant place" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1178340, "examples": [ { "ja": "遠方に城が見えた。", "furigana": "{遠方|えんぽう}に{城|しろ}が{見|み}えた。", "en": "We saw a castle in the distance.", "tatoeba_id": 188650 }, { "ja": "旅人は遠方に明かりを見て喜んだ。", "furigana": "{旅人|たびびと}は{遠方|えんぽう}に{明|あ}かりを{見|み}て{喜|よろこ}んだ。", "en": "The traveler was delighted at the sight of a light in the distance.", "tatoeba_id": 78119 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "cf9275d5148ee6adc94e79dd8f8236a753f87953eddea6cc721a92d8f37ef2d0", "meanings": [ "远方" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "遠方に城が見えた。", "zh": "远处能看到城堡。" }, { "ja": "旅人は遠方に明かりを見て喜んだ。", "zh": "旅人看到远处的灯光很高兴。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3bfb8d81d9", "JMdict ent_seq 1178340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4007d24db8beb17ad71b1dedafd2846dc803db1d84e41100ae342e7909341b7e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a24b6a05b0", "word": "円満", "reading": "えんまん", "romaji": "enman", "meanings": [ "perfection", "harmony", "peace", "smoothness", "completeness", "satisfaction", "integrity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1176200, "examples": [ { "ja": "争議は円満に解決した。", "en": "The dispute was settled peacefully.", "tatoeba_id": 140468 }, { "ja": "家庭は円満だ。", "furigana": "{家庭|かてい}は{円満|えんまん}だ。", "en": "I have peace at home.", "tatoeba_id": 186906 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7268321e32807211e20bb76be60e68469b2772f2e6c150a816bd289ba2d29465", "meanings": [ "圆满", "和睦" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "争議は円満に解決した。", "zh": "争议得到圆满解决。" }, { "ja": "家庭は円満だ。", "zh": "家庭和睦。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a24b6a05b0", "JMdict ent_seq 1176200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "717af9f93e48dfa7c78fa506979783a24375115537d373a304022770561a26f1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ad00cfc278", "word": "尾", "reading": "お", "romaji": "o", "meanings": [ "tail", "ridge" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1485770, "examples": [ { "ja": "雄のくじゃくは尾の羽毛が色彩豊かである。", "furigana": "{雄|おす}のくじゃくは{尾|お}の{羽毛|うもう}が{色彩|しきさい}{豊|ゆた}かである。", "en": "The male peacock has colorful tail feathers.", "tatoeba_id": 79151 }, { "ja": "その少年はその犬の尾をつかんだ。", "furigana": "その{少年|しょうねん}はその{犬|いぬ}の{尾|お}をつかんだ。", "en": "The boy caught the dog by the tail.", "tatoeba_id": 209131 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "12f2b5c2403fcce491b36743fddd8cd7ff267e23b0404a33b82a4b97591aa946", "meanings": [ "尾巴" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "雄のくじゃくは尾の羽毛が色彩豊かである。", "zh": "雄孔雀尾羽色彩丰富。" }, { "ja": "その少年はその犬の尾をつかんだ。", "zh": "那个男孩抓住了狗的尾巴。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ad00cfc278", "JMdict ent_seq 1485770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a35866d048bbd9e7705771b19ba2e6b13a8a646fe4e758bb41f98888d8fe76d2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4fe63ccd71", "word": "甥", "reading": "おい", "romaji": "oi", "meanings": [ "nephew" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1179140, "examples": [ { "ja": "甥とは兄弟か姉妹の息子のことです。", "furigana": "{甥|おい}とは{兄弟|きょうだい}か{姉妹|しまい}の{息子|むすこ}のことです。", "en": "A nephew is a son of one's brother or sister.", "tatoeba_id": 188563 }, { "ja": "私のおいは卵に対してアレルギー体質だ。", "en": "My nephew is allergic to eggs.", "tatoeba_id": 164280 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f5adea4b908a5c758f42c6663e747a472f3a9258c236f2073941cdb08cb3115a", "meanings": [ "侄子", "外甥" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "甥とは兄弟か姉妹の息子のことです。", "zh": "侄子或外甥是兄弟姐妹的儿子。" }, { "ja": "私のおいは卵に対してアレルギー体質だ。", "zh": "我的侄子对鸡蛋过敏。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4fe63ccd71", "JMdict ent_seq 1179140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7dbdc5905450e71c94dd3dde6da4a9ade4376430285f72a305c816837fd35034", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5cdc0b28ad", "word": "追い込む", "reading": "おいこむ", "romaji": "oikomu", "meanings": [ "to herd", "to corner", "to drive" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1432330, "examples": [ { "ja": "とうとう土壇場に追い込まれた。", "furigana": "とうとう{土壇場|どたんば}に{追|お}い{込|こ}まれた。", "en": "We have been completely cornered.", "tatoeba_id": 201221 }, { "ja": "僕は追い込まれると一番仕事をする。", "en": "I work best under pressure.", "tatoeba_id": 81818 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e85b9c28e9e412ed34a9204cae8d96db747a14ea32a11bf61917bbcaabefad0d", "meanings": [ "逼入", "追赶" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "とうとう土壇場に追い込まれた。", "zh": "最终被逼到了绝境。" }, { "ja": "僕は追い込まれると一番仕事をする。", "zh": "我在被逼急的时候工作效率最高。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5cdc0b28ad", "JMdict ent_seq 1432330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7b6bc2a1e17d0fb72797c1186278979f2ceb5cc9d580678d0b0cd5db375e34b8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bbd3ff32ae", "word": "追い出す", "reading": "おいだす", "romaji": "oidasu", "meanings": [ "to expel", "to drive out" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1432350, "examples": [ { "ja": "台所からその猫を追い出してくれ。", "furigana": "{台所|だいどころ}からその{猫|ねこ}を{追|お}い{出|だ}してくれ。", "en": "Chase the cat out of the kitchen.", "tatoeba_id": 137838 }, { "ja": "彼は策略で役職から追い出された。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{策略|さくりゃく}で{役職|やくしょく}から{追|お}い{出|だ}された。", "en": "He was maneuvered out of office.", "tatoeba_id": 106735 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f08946c368ea6a96ce4cd90d7cf6d9e840a91920f9c0bd1fc7bc5ab4acd187ab", "meanings": [ "赶走", "驱逐" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "台所からその猫を追い出してくれ。", "zh": "请把那只猫从厨房赶出去。" }, { "ja": "彼は策略で役職から追い出された。", "zh": "他被人用计赶下了职位。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bbd3ff32ae", "JMdict ent_seq 1432350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c04d2047141fa2f57638b47d9c438788a9af3cf8b3a951ea62ab577c6a588dee", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "98c6945629", "word": "おいて", "reading": "おいて", "romaji": "oite", "meanings": [ "at", "in", "on" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "exp" ], "jmdict_id": 1178920, "other_forms": [ "於いて" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "会議は東京において開催される。", "en": "The meeting will be held in Tokyo." }, { "ja": "この場合においては例外を認める。", "en": "An exception is permitted in this case." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4a624a8ee35180b7afb846f76b96b4edc4b5317a6513ca8ffb628badebb6ea0e", "meanings": [ "在", "于" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "会議は東京において開催される。", "zh": "会议将在东京举行。" }, { "ja": "この場合においては例外を認める。", "zh": "在这种情况下允许例外。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/98c6945629", "JMdict ent_seq 1178920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "48620d06774bfd4cb483be5645b08ccff5ef729bb2f026e321d36cb4603d2d5a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "df8f0c0717", "word": "老いる", "reading": "おいる", "romaji": "oiru", "meanings": [ "to age", "to grow old" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1560990, "examples": [ { "ja": "かわいそうな事にその老いた女性はまたもバッグを盗まれた。", "furigana": "かわいそうな{事|こと}にその{老|お}いた{女性|じょせい}はまたもバッグを{盗|ぬす}まれた。", "en": "The poor old woman had her bag stolen again.", "tatoeba_id": 226119 }, { "ja": "老いた犬に新しい芸当を教え込むことはできない。", "furigana": "{老|お}いた{犬|いぬ}に{新|あたら}しい{芸当|げいとう}を{教|おし}え{込|こ}むことはできない。", "en": "You can't teach an old dog new tricks.", "tatoeba_id": 77334 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "13f583e9f886dca08a58d0fd4293882587a87690c0e832050037ce8122a1fe47", "meanings": [ "变老" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "かわいそうな事にその老いた女性はまたもバッグを盗まれた。", "zh": "可怜的那位老妇人包又被偷了。" }, { "ja": "老いた犬に新しい芸当を教え込むことはできない。", "zh": "不能教老狗新把戏。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/df8f0c0717", "JMdict ent_seq 1560990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bfade21c83a1bee34ccda0be81a9df6e1f1448b33b0170e11e8b19be2c7b1a7e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4c962a58bb", "word": "負う", "reading": "おう", "romaji": "ou", "meanings": [ "to bear", "to owe" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1497930, "examples": [ { "ja": "負うた子に教えられて浅瀬を渡る。", "furigana": "{負|お}うた{子|こ}に{教|おし}えられて{浅瀬|あさせ}を{渡|わた}る。", "en": "A child on your back may guide you across a ford.", "tatoeba_id": 84286 }, { "ja": "これについては私がすべて責任を負います。", "furigana": "これについては{私|わたし}がすべて{責任|せきにん}を{負|お}います。", "en": "I will accept full responsibility for this.", "tatoeba_id": 218735 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2aa6e047c61254fed16eca1e6c1de8fd0e18bfdc0569e86f065aaa00992103dd", "meanings": [ "背负", "承担" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "負うた子に教えられて浅瀬を渡る。", "zh": "被背着的孩子指路，带大人渡过浅滩。" }, { "ja": "これについては私がすべて責任を負います。", "zh": "这件事由我承担全部责任。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4c962a58bb", "JMdict ent_seq 1497930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2d08127278ecb8ca91567cee73572ae18801dd23c052c73913bd24be2b1f42c1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "负う可指背负、承担责任或蒙受伤害。" } }, { "id": "263aeb9d53", "word": "応急", "reading": "おうきゅう", "romaji": "oukyuu", "meanings": [ "emergency" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1179880, "examples": [ { "ja": "これらの建物は応急の修理が必要です。", "furigana": "これらの{建物|たてもの}は{応急|おうきゅう}の{修理|しゅうり}が{必要|ひつよう}です。", "en": "These buildings need temporary repairs.", "tatoeba_id": 217921 }, { "ja": "大地震の発生から、応急対策の収束までの避難の流れです。", "en": "We are interested in the flow of evacuation events from the occurrence of a large earthquake to the conclusion of emergency countermeasures.", "tatoeba_id": 75895 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "275511c97da274ffa3c698b5c704ad01cfb3cffffdcde63ba579a6a5a34896bb", "meanings": [ "应急" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これらの建物は応急の修理が必要です。", "zh": "这些建筑需要应急修理。" }, { "ja": "大地震の発生から、応急対策の収束までの避難の流れです。", "zh": "这是从大地震发生到应急措施结束期间的避难流程。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/263aeb9d53", "JMdict ent_seq 1179880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "264769855f26fd50b8116d5b33b3d386f0281ecbfcdf143fa27c1c88bb75678e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "75b3f9459f", "word": "黄金", "reading": "おうごん", "romaji": "ougon", "meanings": [ "gold" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1181860, "examples": [ { "ja": "絵の中の少女は黄金ではなくて花のかんむりをかぶっています。", "furigana": "{絵|え}の{中|なか}の{少女|しょうじょ}は{黄金|おうごん}ではなくて{花|はな}のかんむりをかぶっています。", "en": "The girl in the picture is wearing a crown not of gold but of flowers.", "tatoeba_id": 184945 }, { "ja": "女王のクラウンは黄金でできています。", "en": "The Queen's crown was made of gold.", "tatoeba_id": 522632 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4bd26f0fb64298a045f52eec493b8e8e7a0a2c0c40ab35f230656187fe47d3d6", "meanings": [ "黄金" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "絵の中の少女は黄金ではなくて花のかんむりをかぶっています。", "zh": "画中的少女戴的是花冠而不是金冠。" }, { "ja": "女王のクラウンは黄金でできています。", "zh": "女王的王冠是黄金做的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/75b3f9459f", "JMdict ent_seq 1181860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "088cabe8d6e6bd4d17b4b53bea0030aab3cd0cdd2f26c057a201020bf6ffb187", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "571519d3bb", "word": "応募", "reading": "おうぼ", "romaji": "oubo", "meanings": [ "subscription", "application" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1180030, "examples": [ { "ja": "夫婦でその仕事に応募できます。", "furigana": "{夫婦|ふうふ}でその{仕事|しごと}に{応募|おうぼ}できます。", "en": "Married couples can apply for the post.", "tatoeba_id": 84979 }, { "ja": "私は博覧会のコンパニオンに応募した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{博覧会|はくらんかい}のコンパニオンに{応募|おうぼ}した。", "en": "I applied to be an attendant at the exposition.", "tatoeba_id": 154625 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "52e5531d84d692be33a7dadb5ad76af6be5d9e078ddcddf27ab972c5b6b405ef", "meanings": [ "申请", "应征" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "夫婦でその仕事に応募できます。", "zh": "夫妻可以一起申请那份工作。" }, { "ja": "私は博覧会のコンパニオンに応募した。", "zh": "我应征了博览会接待员。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/571519d3bb", "JMdict ent_seq 1180030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d48884b60693c2ff3b02b62cacef92fdcd34c5aa0f607ed011f1655fe39d3a58", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "98909531bf", "word": "おおい", "reading": "おおい", "romaji": "ooi", "meanings": [ "hey!" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "int" ], "jmdict_id": 2853873, "examples": [ { "ja": "おおい、こちらへ来てくれ。", "en": "Hey, come over here." }, { "ja": "おおい、聞こえますか。", "en": "Hey, can you hear me?" } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "98b6db7db61b8c95a0f9b6accef89227c9536b025f6f52ef7cfe99875eda9a63", "meanings": [ "喂" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "おおい、こちらへ来てくれ。", "zh": "喂，到这边来。" }, { "ja": "おおい、聞こえますか。", "zh": "喂，听得到吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/98909531bf", "JMdict ent_seq 2853873; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5e736a1c2ea3946c253726f423b6de1b7fea8159e2e471fea4ab9a58577af731", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3351589df4", "word": "大方", "reading": "おおかた", "romaji": "ookata", "meanings": [ "perhaps", "almost all", "majority" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1415020, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の言っていることの大方に私は同感である。", "en": "I am in agreement with most of what he says.", "tatoeba_id": 117551 }, { "ja": "準備は大方終わった。", "en": "Most of the preparations are complete." }, { "ja": "大方の予想どおりの結果だった。", "en": "The result was as most people expected." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "416d09174ea60afea926c0b7c0bdf10fbb97ecb30b1ff7f16466a520a98a1f54", "meanings": [ "大部分", "大概" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の言っていることの大方に私は同感である。", "zh": "他说的内容我大部分都赞同。" }, { "ja": "準備は大方終わった。", "zh": "准备工作大部分完成了。" }, { "ja": "大方の予想どおりの結果だった。", "zh": "结果与大多数人的预期一致。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3351589df4", "JMdict ent_seq 1415020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "32417973d55cc5b1eb52283ff7d83a5b421412c1413ff8a9960bd78559f49dba", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4259b4ca3c", "word": "大柄", "reading": "おおがら", "romaji": "oogara", "meanings": [ "large build", "large pattern" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1414980, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は肥満とはいえないが、大柄の人だった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{肥満|ひまん}とはいえないが、{大柄|おおがら}の{人|ひと}だった。", "en": "He was well built, if not fat as such.", "tatoeba_id": 100732 }, { "ja": "ある研究によれば、大柄な女性は双子を生む傾向がより強い。", "en": "According to a study, big women are more prone to have twins.", "tatoeba_id": 229890 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8a4717386dcaf1b054c89d9f6a70d5c6c199530cf013ac59a384d225a5d406eb", "meanings": [ "体格大", "大花纹" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は肥満とはいえないが、大柄の人だった。", "zh": "他虽然不能说是肥胖，但体格很大。" }, { "ja": "ある研究によれば、大柄な女性は双子を生む傾向がより強い。", "zh": "一项研究显示，体型高大的女性更容易生双胞胎。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4259b4ca3c", "JMdict ent_seq 1414980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0828dc79d7fed4482200592eb9624aae95595bc5c9b65fcd735365ddc14221a7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f1f8fbc2f8", "word": "オーケー", "reading": "オーケー", "romaji": "ookee", "meanings": [ "OK" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "int", "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1031600, "examples": [ { "ja": "フルコースもあれば、サラダで軽いお食事もオーケー。", "furigana": "フルコースもあれば、サラダで{軽|かる}いお{食事|しょくじ}もオーケー。", "en": "You can eat a complete meal, or just go easy with our salad bar.", "tatoeba_id": 196935 }, { "ja": "彼はＯＫのしぐさをして答えた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はＯＫのしぐさをして{答|こた}えた。", "en": "He responded by giving the \"OK\" gesture.", "tatoeba_id": 114997 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e58ac5dedd133d8c760d5e7bf89ec0ce07ca69ee5d2585407131e2137267cbae", "meanings": [ "可以", "好" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "フルコースもあれば、サラダで軽いお食事もオーケー。", "zh": "既有全套套餐，吃一份沙拉作为轻食也可以。" }, { "ja": "彼はＯＫのしぐさをして答えた。", "zh": "他做了个OK的手势作答。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f1f8fbc2f8", "JMdict ent_seq 1031600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "21b42e1ad29ecf548df72b0f247353825d45ff024f706edfbedec7703d96c454", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e8a535ddec", "word": "大げさ", "reading": "おおげさ", "romaji": "oogesa", "meanings": [ "grandiose", "exaggerated" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1588890, "examples": [ { "ja": "漁師は釣り上げた魚の大きさをおおげさにいった。", "furigana": "{漁師|りょうし}は{釣|つ}り{上|あ}げた{魚|さかな}の{大|おお}きさをおおげさにいった。", "en": "The fisherman exaggerated the size of the fish he had caught.", "tatoeba_id": 182133 }, { "ja": "彼は何でも大げさに言う傾向がある。", "en": "He has a tendency toward exaggeration.", "tatoeba_id": 109432 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d847aa645eae5f7685eff77975ab84592fdb8a2b2eb7c3b35f23f867915abaeb", "meanings": [ "夸张" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "漁師は釣り上げた魚の大きさをおおげさにいった。", "zh": "渔夫夸大了钓到的鱼的大小。" }, { "ja": "彼は何でも大げさに言う傾向がある。", "zh": "他倾向于把什么都说得很夸张。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e8a535ddec", "JMdict ent_seq 1588890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "453c666b31f8ec1a591dd09388ff682a3e23a25bf46edc5ae0d6514e04c87b91", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c117100746", "word": "大事", "reading": "おおごと", "romaji": "oogoto", "meanings": [ "important", "valuable", "serious matter" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2833293, "examples": [ { "ja": "大事になる前に対処しよう。", "en": "Let us deal with it before it becomes serious." }, { "ja": "けが人がなく大事には至らなかった。", "en": "No one was injured, and it did not become a major incident." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0f1d6a24928dad248fe50e66738d8a15a999eb6f972a02c43b57fe6f10c13392", "meanings": [ "大事", "严重事件" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大事になる前に対処しよう。", "zh": "趁事情闹大之前处理吧。" }, { "ja": "けが人がなく大事には至らなかった。", "zh": "没有人受伤，事情没有闹大。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c117100746", "JMdict ent_seq 2833293; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "acdfc38bfbf562fccb2ea175ab02685a9ba4ca3c0dd849b3cca09b57cda9f583", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d8aaab462e", "word": "大筋", "reading": "おおすじ", "romaji": "oosuji", "meanings": [ "outline", "summary" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1413490, "examples": [ { "ja": "その計画に大すじで賛成していただけませんか。", "en": "Would you agree to the plan in principle?", "tatoeba_id": 211274 }, { "ja": "計画の大筋を説明した。", "en": "I explained the outline of the plan." }, { "ja": "大筋では意見が一致した。", "en": "We agreed on the main points." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "425cd0c49e7085c1293db37e743987d5251ea72db1c2ec74aa000aaa9a192108", "meanings": [ "大致", "概要" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その計画に大すじで賛成していただけませんか。", "zh": "您能大致同意那项计划吗？" }, { "ja": "計画の大筋を説明した。", "zh": "我说明了计划的大致内容。" }, { "ja": "大筋では意見が一致した。", "zh": "我们在主要方面达成一致。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d8aaab462e", "JMdict ent_seq 1413490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f8a571d509e63d12c0f53f43663d6c1732827a31e038c47ce9ee46b86f5b7df0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7823eb7759", "word": "大空", "reading": "おおぞら", "romaji": "oozora", "meanings": [ "heaven", "firmament", "the sky" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1413510, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は世の中のどんなことをするよりも大空に飛びたい。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{世|よ}の{中|なか}のどんなことをするよりも{大空|おおぞら}に{飛|と}びたい。", "en": "I want to fly more than anything else in the world.", "tatoeba_id": 155590 }, { "ja": "鳥が大空を飛んでいる。", "en": "Birds are flying in the wide sky." }, { "ja": "大空に雲が浮かんでいる。", "en": "Clouds float in the open sky." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c2213c4563e41677ff6f65eaad7c81712e8afbe26e6cccfe07ddce7a28e8056a", "meanings": [ "天空" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は世の中のどんなことをするよりも大空に飛びたい。", "zh": "比起世间做的任何事，我更想飞向天空。" }, { "ja": "鳥が大空を飛んでいる。", "zh": "鸟儿在广阔的天空中飞翔。" }, { "ja": "大空に雲が浮かんでいる。", "zh": "云朵飘浮在广阔的天空中。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7823eb7759", "JMdict ent_seq 1413510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "af1ca25d31ab4c9d224ae6596384f25fb40db04e77e4f833dbf73ec6eea7c4de", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5eec70dba4", "word": "オートマチック", "reading": "オートマチック", "romaji": "ootomachikku", "meanings": [ "automatic" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1032100, "examples": [ { "ja": "この車はオートマチックです。", "en": "This car has an automatic transmission." }, { "ja": "オートマチックの時計を買った。", "en": "I bought an automatic watch." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b2958c0a0e7ee54a9d4238d1ef2d617d016d6940c056b45abace318dbc1fe86c", "meanings": [ "自动" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この車はオートマチックです。", "zh": "这辆车是自动挡的。" }, { "ja": "オートマチックの時計を買った。", "zh": "我买了一块自动机械表。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5eec70dba4", "JMdict ent_seq 1032100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "887261002bd7271d3e914a7635d6259f9da033b9e9751c0f614dd08ed8033c69", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ca1fafcdb2", "word": "大幅", "reading": "おおはば", "romaji": "oohaba", "meanings": [ "full width", "large scale", "drastic" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1414870, "examples": [ { "ja": "この政策で物価は大幅に値上がりした。", "en": "This policy resulted in a great rise in prices.", "tatoeba_id": 220925 }, { "ja": "この政策の結果、物価が大幅に上昇した。", "en": "Prices rose drastically as a result of this policy.", "tatoeba_id": 220924 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c04a41142a64bc2ac7a3347b4e7e3129bcfe1ac80acdc51e6c3b0d4c324e57ea", "meanings": [ "大幅度", "大规模" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この政策で物価は大幅に値上がりした。", "zh": "这项政策使物价大幅上涨。" }, { "ja": "この政策の結果、物価が大幅に上昇した。", "zh": "这项政策导致物价大幅上升。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ca1fafcdb2", "JMdict ent_seq 1414870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "72fc655bb000514fd50373713abc0be6873b529e6eac8f619eb6f5f50b24bd2d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "226ff96dc6", "word": "オープン", "reading": "オープン", "romaji": "oopun", "meanings": [ "open" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1032990, "examples": [ { "ja": "新しいショッピングモールが街のはずれにオープンした。", "furigana": "{新|あたら}しいショッピングモールが{街|まち}のはずれにオープンした。", "en": "A new shopping mall opened on the edge of town.", "tatoeba_id": 145488 }, { "ja": "オープン戦が終わり、いよいよ開幕だ。", "furigana": "オープン{戦|いくさ}が{終|お}わり、いよいよ{開幕|かいまく}だ。", "en": "The exhibition games are over and the regular season finally begins.", "tatoeba_id": 227770 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "afcb7e2357885b4d27c7f407a699c1d30a2454a38f6e15e052fd498b54175f26", "meanings": [ "开业", "公开" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新しいショッピングモールが街のはずれにオープンした。", "zh": "新的购物中心在城郊开业了。" }, { "ja": "オープン戦が終わり、いよいよ開幕だ。", "zh": "热身赛结束，终于要开赛了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/226ff96dc6", "JMdict ent_seq 1032990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c62c370a0b6f1b4eb65823b7a10d98dfafad00730b8ce804c0e53e617fa987db", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a5ee74734c", "word": "大水", "reading": "おおみず", "romaji": "oomizu", "meanings": [ "flood" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1414210, "examples": [ { "ja": "橋は大水で洗い流された。", "furigana": "{橋|はし}は{大水|おおみず}で{洗|あら}い{流|なが}された。", "en": "The bridge was washed away by the flood.", "tatoeba_id": 180116 }, { "ja": "その大雨で谷間に大水が起こった。", "furigana": "その{大雨|おおあめ}で{谷間|たにま}に{大水|おおみず}が{起|お}こった。", "en": "The heavy rain brought floods in the valley.", "tatoeba_id": 208255 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0eccd217b602d34a5b9d4863e8325df49191523851979ffe2297c08e2d26052b", "meanings": [ "洪水" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "橋は大水で洗い流された。", "zh": "桥被洪水冲走了。" }, { "ja": "その大雨で谷間に大水が起こった。", "zh": "那场大雨使山谷发生了洪水。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a5ee74734c", "JMdict ent_seq 1414210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "541236aff3b555086676bab4d4aedd137e55bfd433d7cd913f397a953cb745a1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9c2a6f0131", "word": "公", "reading": "おおやけ", "romaji": "ooyake", "meanings": [ "official", "public", "formal", "open", "governmental" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1273170, "examples": [ { "ja": "その老人は１０年前に公の生活から引退した。", "en": "The old man retired from public life ten years ago.", "tatoeba_id": 206161 }, { "ja": "多くの国が公の場所での喫煙を禁止する法律を通過させている。", "en": "Many countries have passed laws to prohibit people from smoking in public places.", "tatoeba_id": 138407 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "35ca8457cff9aa412ebde787a7582e75dbed51ece5331d2d0a082ef7b44d3d7c", "meanings": [ "公共", "公开" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その老人は１０年前に公の生活から引退した。", "zh": "那位老人十年前退出了公共生活。" }, { "ja": "多くの国が公の場所での喫煙を禁止する法律を通過させている。", "zh": "许多国家通过了禁止在公共场所吸烟的法律。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9c2a6f0131", "JMdict ent_seq 1273170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ac7d4a2bbbdf8e0048bb856035ebbc855846221a1a5e40d7ff26f1c653d0931b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bd73b2faac", "word": "侵す", "reading": "おかす", "romaji": "okasu", "meanings": [ "to invade", "to raid", "to trespass", "to violate", "to intrude on" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1359800, "examples": [ { "ja": "自然はあらゆる領域で侵されている。", "furigana": "{自然|しぜん}はあらゆる{領域|りょういき}で{侵|おか}されている。", "en": "Nature is under attack on all fronts.", "tatoeba_id": 150096 }, { "ja": "憲法を侵してはならない。", "furigana": "{憲法|けんぽう}を{侵|おか}してはならない。", "en": "We must not violate the Constitution.", "tatoeba_id": 175386 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7bb6841a634d8e007c9ee07fa797fb63132878c22b781be873554d60fbfa90d1", "meanings": [ "侵犯", "侵入" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "自然はあらゆる領域で侵されている。", "zh": "自然在各个领域都受到侵犯。" }, { "ja": "憲法を侵してはならない。", "zh": "不得违背宪法。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bd73b2faac", "JMdict ent_seq 1359800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fa88681f58f540a2d8830f6b131e3a3e8f0f8fbc89ae218d42ee96db84c7fcf7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "侵す侧重侵犯领土、权利等；犯す常指犯罪或违反规则。" } }, { "id": "f20fe91a98", "word": "犯す", "reading": "おかす", "romaji": "okasu", "meanings": [ "to commit", "to perpetrate", "to violate", "to rape" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1481550, "examples": [ { "ja": "ビルはその罪を犯していなかった。", "furigana": "ビルはその{罪|つみ}を{犯|おか}していなかった。", "en": "Bill did not commit the crime.", "tatoeba_id": 197360 }, { "ja": "彼女は私が犯した誤りを指摘した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{私|わたし}が{犯|おか}した{誤|あやま}りを{指摘|してき}した。", "en": "She pointed out the mistakes I had made.", "tatoeba_id": 89659 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ae2a6a2c5fe845ced115a584aff694d392b9525cc33ed4907eb9aca8d43cc2ce", "meanings": [ "犯", "违反" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ビルはその罪を犯していなかった。", "zh": "比尔没有犯那个罪。" }, { "ja": "彼女は私が犯した誤りを指摘した。", "zh": "她指出了我犯的错误。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f20fe91a98", "JMdict ent_seq 1481550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4bdc144ff648eaa2a661d8e6ac637d8576a89b3cc45e498b19ed69eae720e143", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "犯す常与罪、誤り等搭配；侵す常指侵犯权利或领土。" } }, { "id": "e3025feafa", "word": "臆病", "reading": "おくびょう", "romaji": "okubyou", "meanings": [ "cowardice", "timidity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1182790, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼がああ臆病だとは思わなかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}がああ{臆病|おくびょう}だとは{思|おも}わなかった。", "en": "I did not think he was so timid.", "tatoeba_id": 121126 }, { "ja": "彼は臆病というより内気だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{臆病|おくびょう}というより{内気|うちき}だ。", "en": "He is more shy than timid.", "tatoeba_id": 109514 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6d8903afc9587d74ddb5bfabb23209c5c80ae0441cdb6c68171d51dfc487e9e7", "meanings": [ "胆小", "怯懦" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼がああ臆病だとは思わなかった。", "zh": "没想到他那么胆小。" }, { "ja": "彼は臆病というより内気だ。", "zh": "与其说他胆小，不如说他害羞。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e3025feafa", "JMdict ent_seq 1182790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9b4f084edaad80f6ba9b91a534368f31584e1ee59355a0b9063fbc7cdd9c8069", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7d8114cc2a", "word": "遅らす", "reading": "おくらす", "romaji": "okurasu", "meanings": [ "to retard", "to delay" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1422000, "examples": [ { "ja": "出発を一時間遅らす。", "en": "Delay departure by an hour." }, { "ja": "予定を遅らす必要がある。", "en": "We need to delay the schedule." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1241adaeece6c5bc7687ca994837c7ccedac0cb6fa6ea9b218244bd9dee6e9b6", "meanings": [ "推迟", "延迟" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "出発を一時間遅らす。", "zh": "把出发时间推迟一小时。" }, { "ja": "予定を遅らす必要がある。", "zh": "需要推迟计划。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7d8114cc2a", "JMdict ent_seq 1422000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1e04fda264a733040696bd7c1b4974806c1bd8d56c65e43c9bdb366a347b6e09", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "37d3906e02", "word": "遅れ", "reading": "おくれ", "romaji": "okure", "meanings": [ "delay", "lag" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1422020, "examples": [ { "ja": "私達は多少の遅れを考慮に入れなければいけません。", "en": "We must allow for some delays.", "tatoeba_id": 151419 }, { "ja": "彼は遅れを取り戻そうと焦っている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{遅|おく}れを{取|と}り{戻|もど}そうと{焦|あせ}っている。", "en": "He's desperately trying to make up for the delay.", "tatoeba_id": 102186 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0986187f6b785a9eb1c54df64d275f2476dcbc9716e656dda2aab9b11bca4a0b", "meanings": [ "延迟", "落后" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私達は多少の遅れを考慮に入れなければいけません。", "zh": "我们必须考虑到一些延误。" }, { "ja": "彼は遅れを取り戻そうと焦っている。", "zh": "他急于追回落后的进度。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/37d3906e02", "JMdict ent_seq 1422020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5101564269d051641561c8b5eeecb1e37165111a28440e005b1f288cf5af47fa", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1ee8b93761", "word": "厳か", "reading": "おごそか", "romaji": "ogosoka", "meanings": [ "austere", "majestic", "dignified", "stately", "awful", "impressive" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1262520, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は群衆に向かって厳かに語りかけた。", "en": "He addressed the crowd gravely.", "tatoeba_id": 1192334 }, { "ja": "式は厳かに行われた。", "en": "The ceremony was held solemnly." }, { "ja": "厳かな音楽が流れた。", "en": "Solemn music played." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1f01062364b97c987f9379b49944e111d21ae187ea3f62881b000e3456fe345f", "meanings": [ "庄严", "肃穆" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は群衆に向かって厳かに語りかけた。", "zh": "他庄严地向群众讲话。" }, { "ja": "式は厳かに行われた。", "zh": "仪式庄严举行。" }, { "ja": "厳かな音楽が流れた。", "zh": "庄严的音乐响起。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1ee8b93761", "JMdict ent_seq 1262520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6dddb39c35faf7f1416d66cbf942e4fd5f054b0eacbec407f8f0dc5587f310b1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "59f87d1565", "word": "行い", "reading": "おこない", "romaji": "okonai", "meanings": [ "deed", "conduct", "behavior", "action", "asceticism" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1589050, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は勇気ある行いをした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{勇気|ゆうき}ある{行|おこな}いをした。", "en": "He did a courageous act.", "tatoeba_id": 99340 }, { "ja": "そのような行ないはいかにもメグらしい。", "en": "Such behavior is just like Meg.", "tatoeba_id": 212519 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "426a6fe5a3879bcf74060f38e24e68e21b97d5a06c42ff49b528f0108a72525e", "meanings": [ "行为", "举动" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は勇気ある行いをした。", "zh": "他做了一件勇敢的事。" }, { "ja": "そのような行ないはいかにもメグらしい。", "zh": "那样的举动很像梅格的作风。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/59f87d1565", "JMdict ent_seq 1589050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4230feebcc2c9330ccf4d8f19b6714b4f1f987d819146b45e0146edacbc14c21", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bc37b59298", "word": "おごる", "reading": "おごる", "romaji": "ogoru", "meanings": [ "to be proud" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 2857913, "other_forms": [ "驕る", "傲る" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "驕れる者は久しからず。", "furigana": "{驕|おご}れる{者|もの}は{久|ひさ}しからず。", "en": "Pride goes before a fall.", "tatoeba_id": 227746 }, { "ja": "驕る平家は久しからず。", "furigana": "{驕|おご}る{平家|へいけ}は{久|ひさ}しからず。", "en": "Pride will have a fall.", "tatoeba_id": 227747 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "dbd294d4fdfe1f36c29e252cded323ae947959bae38cbcd979bc8b65ce13a77a", "meanings": [ "骄傲", "傲慢" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "驕れる者は久しからず。", "zh": "骄横的人不会长久。" }, { "ja": "驕る平家は久しからず。", "zh": "骄横的平家不会长久。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bc37b59298", "JMdict ent_seq 2857913; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c866b5d826f5070b6fc8b87ff0db346b9ac632aec4259630918ab49be88dcc3c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1dd6d7ea55", "word": "長", "reading": "おさ", "romaji": "osa", "meanings": [ "chief", "head" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2647190, "examples": [ { "ja": "村の長が集会を開いた。", "en": "The village chief held a meeting." }, { "ja": "一族の長に相談する。", "en": "Consult the head of the clan." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "64c31c026cc704eb4b4bd05892c718757aa149d1870285450a991f365561c2a5", "meanings": [ "首领", "长" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "村の長が集会を開いた。", "zh": "村长召开了集会。" }, { "ja": "一族の長に相談する。", "zh": "与族长商量。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1dd6d7ea55", "JMdict ent_seq 2647190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "37ab68b6da0843caaec2f6eeec3761290ab3d808505ebed8cb148b81c786bf29", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "019aed3e0a", "word": "治まる", "reading": "おさまる", "romaji": "osamaru", "meanings": [ "to be at peace", "to clamp down", "to lessen (storm, terror, anger)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1316820, "examples": [ { "ja": "痛みはやがて治まってくるでしょう。", "furigana": "{痛|いた}みはやがて{治|おさ}まってくるでしょう。", "en": "The pain will go away by and by.", "tatoeba_id": 125675 }, { "ja": "この薬を飲めば腹痛は治まりますよ。", "furigana": "この{薬|くすり}を{飲|の}めば{腹痛|ふくつう}は{治|おさ}まりますよ。", "en": "This medicine will cure you of your stomach-ache.", "tatoeba_id": 219242 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5cf1eb3c47468b1ea12e8a7ada581e2402829601cdb666fd51a4b4251ead9f93", "meanings": [ "平息", "缓解" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "痛みはやがて治まってくるでしょう。", "zh": "疼痛过一阵就会缓解吧。" }, { "ja": "この薬を飲めば腹痛は治まりますよ。", "zh": "吃了这药，肚子就不疼了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/019aed3e0a", "JMdict ent_seq 1316820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "55c89f169940a6547c90e9840ea7e232cde6cbd83f8e86bad8fda2f953b2ba81", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6ebf36ca63", "word": "収まる", "reading": "おさまる", "romaji": "osamaru", "meanings": [ "to be obtained", "to end", "to settle into", "to fit into", "to be settled", "to be paid", "to be delivered" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1330490, "examples": [ { "ja": "最後にはうまく収まるだろう。", "furigana": "{最後|さいご}にはうまく{収|おさ}まるだろう。", "en": "It'll come right in the end.", "tatoeba_id": 170580 }, { "ja": "彼は外務大臣に収まった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{外務大臣|がいむだいじん}に{収|おさ}まった。", "en": "He was established as Foreign Minister.", "tatoeba_id": 108932 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5dbad1aa5f64b44f4a9d196338a07d0d0d9067ebd5108ea8a09d6efa6a459d78", "meanings": [ "结束", "收进", "安顿" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "最後にはうまく収まるだろう。", "zh": "最后会得到妥善解决吧。" }, { "ja": "彼は外務大臣に収まった。", "zh": "他坐上了外务大臣的位子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6ebf36ca63", "JMdict ent_seq 1330490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "558fa684dad6625201841015746df02e111b64669b4307edec7f39b3b488c9e6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ade60dd5fd", "word": "納まる", "reading": "おさまる", "romaji": "osamaru", "meanings": [ "to be obtained", "to end", "to settle into", "to fit into", "to be settled", "to be paid", "to be delivered" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1330490, "examples": [ { "ja": "最後にはうまく収まるだろう。", "furigana": "{最後|さいご}にはうまく{収|おさ}まるだろう。", "en": "It'll come right in the end.", "tatoeba_id": 170580 }, { "ja": "彼は外務大臣に収まった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{外務大臣|がいむだいじん}に{収|おさ}まった。", "en": "He was established as Foreign Minister.", "tatoeba_id": 108932 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "54bf3cc7ed0a182ad909867828b5c7f8ec61319802054b90b205d741fe575d90", "meanings": [ "收纳", "缴纳", "安顿" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "最後にはうまく収まるだろう。", "zh": "最后会得到妥善解决吧。" }, { "ja": "彼は外務大臣に収まった。", "zh": "他坐上了外务大臣的位子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ade60dd5fd", "JMdict ent_seq 1330490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d15a215e67084772f112c0461053d835e45f4f6b6500db5417de1dfb8e20cfac", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "20d2bde23d", "word": "お産", "reading": "おさん", "romaji": "osan", "meanings": [ "(giving) birth" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1001960, "examples": [ { "ja": "ケイちゃんはとても運がいいのよ。お産の時から、そうだったわ。", "furigana": "ケイちゃんはとても{運|うん}がいいのよ。お{産|さん}の{時|とき}から、そうだったわ。", "en": "Kei's very lucky! He has been since his birth.", "tatoeba_id": 76779 }, { "ja": "お産を控えて病院を探した。", "en": "I looked for a hospital ahead of childbirth." }, { "ja": "母はお産の後、元気になった。", "en": "Mother recovered after giving birth." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d5f139e896e7a91ce0f2f41113477190a8ac5c7c22785614c94f04acf22c48d5", "meanings": [ "分娩", "生产" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ケイちゃんはとても運がいいのよ。お産の時から、そうだったわ。", "zh": "小凯很幸运，从出生的时候就是这样。" }, { "ja": "お産を控えて病院を探した。", "zh": "临产前我寻找了医院。" }, { "ja": "母はお産の後、元気になった。", "zh": "母亲分娩后恢复了健康。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/20d2bde23d", "JMdict ent_seq 1001960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b69ea1116be303d49c845a7c9df127b9c63a217032b5e1b08034205d41276023", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f9d8a00b70", "word": "教え", "reading": "おしえ", "romaji": "oshie", "meanings": [ "teachings", "precept", "lesson", "doctrine" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1236890, "examples": [ { "ja": "聖書には、賢い教えがたくさん見付かります。", "en": "Much wisdom is to be found in the Bible.", "tatoeba_id": 142652 }, { "ja": "孟母三遷の教えなど持ち出して、子供のお受験での引っ越しを正当化しないでよ。", "furigana": "{孟母三遷|もうぼさんせん}の{教|おし}えなど{持|も}ち{出|だ}して、{子供|こども}のお{受験|じゅけん}での{引|ひ}っ{越|こ}しを{正当化|せいとうか}しないでよ。", "en": "Don't drag out Chinese sayings about the importance of an environment conducive to learning just to justify moving for a child's entrance exams!", "tatoeba_id": 80181 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ae75b199bc9b8bb5001e8390d3e77fe704a206a1a4e00532b72774035592e9a9", "meanings": [ "教诲", "教导" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "聖書には、賢い教えがたくさん見付かります。", "zh": "圣经里能找到许多睿智的教诲。" }, { "ja": "孟母三遷の教えなど持ち出して、子供のお受験での引っ越しを正当化しないでよ。", "zh": "不要拿孟母三迁的教诲出来，为了孩子升学考试而搬家辩解。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f9d8a00b70", "JMdict ent_seq 1236890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "71dc8fc6741d11e99465c9e230351fd22551df11ee7a1e3997849db3f60da07f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9cc36de6c5", "word": "押し込む", "reading": "おしこむ", "romaji": "oshikomu", "meanings": [ "to push into", "to crowd into" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1180260, "examples": [ { "ja": "ピストルを持った男が彼をせきたてて車に押し込んだ。", "furigana": "ピストルを{持|も}った{男|おとこ}が{彼|かれ}をせきたてて{車|くるま}に{押|お}し{込|こ}んだ。", "en": "A man with a gun urged him into the car.", "tatoeba_id": 197591 }, { "ja": "彼は私を部屋の中に押し込んだ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{私|わたし}を{部屋|へや}の{中|なか}に{押|お}し{込|こ}んだ。", "en": "He hustled me into the house.", "tatoeba_id": 105524 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6b3bfd7c6cc24937f4c7f374685d98f1ca584da7778fd59332026fdfe5fdda82", "meanings": [ "推进", "塞进" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ピストルを持った男が彼をせきたてて車に押し込んだ。", "zh": "持枪男子催逼着把他推进车里。" }, { "ja": "彼は私を部屋の中に押し込んだ。", "zh": "他把我推进了房间。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9cc36de6c5", "JMdict ent_seq 1180260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "043d74d8008051297cd87d03391dc2672d3cbd0a391c22db66d0c3449a48cc1b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "90fe50c793", "word": "惜しむ", "reading": "おしむ", "romaji": "oshimu", "meanings": [ "to be frugal", "to value", "to regret" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1382300, "examples": [ { "ja": "ほとんど弁当を食べるひまも惜しんで勉強した。", "furigana": "ほとんど{弁当|べんとう}を{食|た}べるひまも{惜|お}しんで{勉強|べんきょう}した。", "en": "He studied hard, hardly taking time out for lunch.", "tatoeba_id": 196101 }, { "ja": "彼の死は惜しんでも余りあるものだ。", "en": "We cannot grieve over his death too deeply.", "tatoeba_id": 117174 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7e54b8fdbf22d3620b1c3a3a7e3452ad3076d4e8b13abb601903fc8c0d57c6d7", "meanings": [ "珍惜", "惋惜" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ほとんど弁当を食べるひまも惜しんで勉強した。", "zh": "他连吃便当的时间都舍不得花，全用来学习。" }, { "ja": "彼の死は惜しんでも余りあるものだ。", "zh": "他的去世令人万分惋惜。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/90fe50c793", "JMdict ent_seq 1382300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4f0e6f21b844b5f69d2afb738221d5195a3aef1f805aadd72fd92f6934f3f3ee", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "惜しむ可表示珍惜、不舍得，也可表示为损失而惋惜。" } }, { "id": "d88fa19ab3", "word": "押し寄せる", "reading": "おしよせる", "romaji": "oshiyoseru", "meanings": [ "to push aside", "to advance on" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1180190, "examples": [ { "ja": "ダムが切れて流域に大水が押し寄せた。", "furigana": "ダムが{切|き}れて{流域|りゅういき}に{大水|おおみず}が{押|お}し{寄|よ}せた。", "en": "The dam gave way and sent a great flush of water down the valley.", "tatoeba_id": 203273 }, { "ja": "多くの観光客がその島に押し寄せた。", "furigana": "{多|おお}くの{観光客|かんこうきゃく}がその{島|しま}に{押|お}し{寄|よ}せた。", "en": "A lot of tourists invaded the island.", "tatoeba_id": 138418 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a04b14dc728d9b9f3ab3e2971baa8e1588072030e1e1aa102b74e2810c7d00b5", "meanings": [ "涌来", "涌向" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ダムが切れて流域に大水が押し寄せた。", "zh": "大坝决口，洪水涌向流域。" }, { "ja": "多くの観光客がその島に押し寄せた。", "zh": "许多游客涌向那座岛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d88fa19ab3", "JMdict ent_seq 1180190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "80d8619da0fbe6bda47cb831b8cab3fda098bb659020195e28816d48f4716700", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "871359b199", "word": "雄", "reading": "おす", "romaji": "osu", "meanings": [ "male (animal)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1589190, "examples": [ { "ja": "雄のくじゃくは尾の羽毛が色彩豊かである。", "furigana": "{雄|おす}のくじゃくは{尾|お}の{羽毛|うもう}が{色彩|しきさい}{豊|ゆた}かである。", "en": "The male peacock has colorful tail feathers.", "tatoeba_id": 79151 }, { "ja": "雄の鳥が鳴いている。", "en": "The male bird is calling." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "99d7742f22a93cb5a13ea0fefdeb79b9133982254a129d6c2d63585803fd3df1", "meanings": [ "雄性" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "雄のくじゃくは尾の羽毛が色彩豊かである。", "zh": "雄孔雀尾羽色彩丰富。" }, { "ja": "雄の鳥が鳴いている。", "zh": "雄鸟正在鸣叫。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/871359b199", "JMdict ent_seq 1589190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0f7c4752a553450380897c88159f0a13ba2a12a3840b09e5c7f33c0de34a32a2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "eb0a6d9289", "word": "お世辞", "reading": "おせじ", "romaji": "oseji", "meanings": [ "flattery", "compliment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1002250, "examples": [ { "ja": "私達は彼女の料理にお世辞を言った。", "en": "We flattered her on her cooking.", "tatoeba_id": 151304 }, { "ja": "彼女はすぐにお世辞に乗りやすい。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はすぐにお{世辞|せじ}に{乗|の}りやすい。", "en": "She is readily accessible to flattery.", "tatoeba_id": 92749 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5ec6aff51fd4677f7a8b904e0ccabbb584afd6a1b3004c4f17a9c45b10e25a2f", "meanings": [ "恭维", "奉承" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私達は彼女の料理にお世辞を言った。", "zh": "我们称赞了她的厨艺。" }, { "ja": "彼女はすぐにお世辞に乗りやすい。", "zh": "她很容易被恭维话打动。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/eb0a6d9289", "JMdict ent_seq 1002250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9bc949b2205a80084b432d36742f3c7d6f37c3593715cb756c101ae76502af91", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "744be0e917", "word": "襲う", "reading": "おそう", "romaji": "osou", "meanings": [ "to attack" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1333330, "examples": [ { "ja": "小泉氏が総理大臣として森氏の後を襲った。", "en": "Mr Koizumi succeeded Mr Mori as prime minister.", "tatoeba_id": 76017 }, { "ja": "奇妙な病気が町を襲った。", "en": "A curious disease struck the town.", "tatoeba_id": 183506 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "17e63a5eaa14668a107b43212dcdb0db9f750ed696cb6ae9af7d7f7af515d11e", "meanings": [ "袭击", "侵袭", "继任" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "小泉氏が総理大臣として森氏の後を襲った。", "zh": "小泉先生接替森先生出任首相。" }, { "ja": "奇妙な病気が町を襲った。", "zh": "一种奇怪的疾病袭击了城镇。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/744be0e917", "JMdict ent_seq 1333330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4167f2b860f20e754a5243c5f728e654a8ffcac815da9fc2fc16e560d7d1c192", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "000e220ab0", "word": "遅くとも", "reading": "おそくとも", "romaji": "osokutomo", "meanings": [ "at the latest" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1421990, "examples": [ { "ja": "遅くとも午前０時までには家に帰る。", "furigana": "{遅|おそ}くとも{午前|ごぜん}０{時|じ}までには{家|いえ}に{帰|かえ}る。", "en": "I'll be home by midnight at the latest.", "tatoeba_id": 126747 }, { "ja": "遅くとも金曜日までに連絡します。", "en": "I will contact you by Friday at the latest." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "21884f01790bb2d61fe5e61be1cb225de512fcca152fc2ee0e2dbe1c9c2ba1b4", "meanings": [ "最晚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "遅くとも午前０時までには家に帰る。", "zh": "最晚午夜前回家。" }, { "ja": "遅くとも金曜日までに連絡します。", "zh": "我最晚星期五联系你。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/000e220ab0", "JMdict ent_seq 1421990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ebee1c453fb26f59a84b5974a929f167610dd469feb10227e9e95f39d537a39c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a25819a086", "word": "恐れ", "reading": "おそれ", "romaji": "osore", "meanings": [ "fear", "horror" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1236660, "examples": [ { "ja": "おまけに、事故の恐れがより大きい。", "furigana": "おまけに、{事故|じこ}の{恐|おそ}れがより{大|おお}きい。", "en": "Also, there is a greater risk of accidents.", "tatoeba_id": 227508 }, { "ja": "小さな子供達の生活は恐れに満ちている。", "en": "The lives of little children are full of fears.", "tatoeba_id": 147002 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "257597cb61458f5b69fc0dac277f7094e31bd54bc445acc5a635b2639c5672b2", "meanings": [ "恐惧", "可能性" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "おまけに、事故の恐れがより大きい。", "zh": "而且发生事故的风险更大。" }, { "ja": "小さな子供達の生活は恐れに満ちている。", "zh": "小孩子的生活充满恐惧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a25819a086", "JMdict ent_seq 1236660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d010a009157f92c0d088e44e69367b65bb39ece117cb1a1793cdc32ea12df740", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c550db6672", "word": "恐れ入る", "reading": "おそれいる", "romaji": "osoreiru", "meanings": [ "to be filled with awe", "to feel small", "to be amazed", "to be surprised", "to be disconcerted", "to be sorry" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1236680, "examples": [ { "ja": "立て板に水の如きプレゼンテーション、おそれ入りました。", "en": "Your presentation was so smooth and fluent - what can I say?", "tatoeba_id": 78275 }, { "ja": "彼の才能にはおそれいったよ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}の{才能|さいのう}にはおそれいったよ。", "en": "I admire his talent.", "tatoeba_id": 117287 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4d6a4b93aaf8844be7f5c9645f3a32096eeaaa00be6cb9db6c10287cce44505d", "meanings": [ "佩服", "感到抱歉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "立て板に水の如きプレゼンテーション、おそれ入りました。", "zh": "演讲流畅得像流水一样，令人佩服。" }, { "ja": "彼の才能にはおそれいったよ。", "zh": "他的才能真让我佩服。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c550db6672", "JMdict ent_seq 1236680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0a77848dd4a45a8a542b75581fc63b87b547eaf871c4076d20cf1d7370970a46", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "774c34ef39", "word": "煽てる", "reading": "おだてる", "romaji": "odateru", "meanings": [ "to stir up", "to instigate", "to flatter" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1391600, "examples": [ { "ja": "まず彼をおだてておいたほうがいいですよ。", "furigana": "まず{彼|かれ}をおだてておいたほうがいいですよ。", "en": "You had better try buttering him up first.", "tatoeba_id": 195559 }, { "ja": "彼をおだてれば、彼は何でもしてくれる。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}をおだてれば、{彼|かれ}は{何|なん}でもしてくれる。", "en": "If you flatter him, he'll do anything.", "tatoeba_id": 95969 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "30c549f4fc6e7cac5fbf72ad760cb6ab77bbdfd21624162ddcd8e0b46f45845c", "meanings": [ "奉承", "吹捧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "まず彼をおだてておいたほうがいいですよ。", "zh": "最好先奉承他一下。" }, { "ja": "彼をおだてれば、彼は何でもしてくれる。", "zh": "只要吹捧他，他什么都会做。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/774c34ef39", "JMdict ent_seq 1391600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6461962e5a1ee4f68d1d97d49483a246d9d2f32dc4ce87453962f870cc491d28", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "35038194bb", "word": "落ち込む", "reading": "おちこむ", "romaji": "ochikomu", "meanings": [ "to fall into", "to feel down (sad)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1548570, "examples": [ { "ja": "ちょっとしたことで直ぐに落ち込んでしまいます。", "furigana": "ちょっとしたことで{直|す}ぐに{落|お}ち{込|こ}んでしまいます。", "en": "I get depressed by the slightest things.", "tatoeba_id": 202835 }, { "ja": "１年前に比べれば価格は大きく落ち込んでいる。", "en": "Compared with the level of a year ago, the price is sharply lower.", "tatoeba_id": 235671 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c4cafaeb6aad9c2306e0a7bb5381ab10b7ef795e091a9ed2542e40fc73d09147", "meanings": [ "消沉", "下降" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ちょっとしたことで直ぐに落ち込んでしまいます。", "zh": "我会因为一点小事马上消沉。" }, { "ja": "１年前に比べれば価格は大きく落ち込んでいる。", "zh": "与一年前相比，价格大幅下跌。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/35038194bb", "JMdict ent_seq 1548570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "216aa1cae86bd904f1b18cea7f7ddb3bec68242227936f396ab03820003c0915", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "62a36048d0", "word": "落ち着き", "reading": "おちつき", "romaji": "ochitsuki", "meanings": [ "calm", "composure" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1548590, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は心の落ち着きを失った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{心|こころ}の{落|お}ち{着|つ}きを{失|うしな}った。", "en": "His presence of mind deserted him.", "tatoeba_id": 103855 }, { "ja": "彼女は落ち着きを保とうと努めた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{落|お}ち{着|つ}きを{保|たも}とうと{努|つと}めた。", "en": "She tried to keep her presence of mind.", "tatoeba_id": 86325 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e8511920f17b68ac9fe0dfcc20e04d57ab478f89535e37b5b80121ac36719d63", "meanings": [ "镇定", "沉着" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は心の落ち着きを失った。", "zh": "他失去了内心的平静。" }, { "ja": "彼女は落ち着きを保とうと努めた。", "zh": "她努力保持镇定。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/62a36048d0", "JMdict ent_seq 1548590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "20a9d33b9dc9113f47f758e441b52ea6fd586f422d3bef0c7d9e926b35e1d139", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "db320989e5", "word": "落ち葉", "reading": "おちば", "romaji": "ochiba", "meanings": [ "fallen leaves", "leaf litter", "defoliation", "shedding leaves" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1585070, "examples": [ { "ja": "落葉を取り除いて下さい。", "en": "Please get rid of the dead leaves.", "tatoeba_id": 78511 }, { "ja": "小道に落ち葉が厚く積もっていた。", "furigana": "{小道|こみち}に{落|お}ち{葉|ば}が{厚|あつ}く{積|つ}もっていた。", "en": "Leaves lay thick in the lane.", "tatoeba_id": 146903 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e0bcb4abb8f7ab11e39f0bbdce673ecd2af16e4a4b8fed2913f47bef0d6c5f12", "meanings": [ "落叶" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "落葉を取り除いて下さい。", "zh": "请把落叶清除掉。" }, { "ja": "小道に落ち葉が厚く積もっていた。", "zh": "小路上积了厚厚一层落叶。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/db320989e5", "JMdict ent_seq 1585070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b66bb2c5a7269b578c86a7ef180ff07322f1e73766e371e69d02a4fa634de8a0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "027523e5bf", "word": "乙", "reading": "おつ", "romaji": "otsu", "meanings": [ "strange", "quaint", "stylish", "chic", "spicy", "queer", "witty", "tasty", "romantic", "2nd in rank" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1182940, "examples": [ { "ja": "甲の損は乙の得。", "furigana": "{甲|こう}の{損|そん}は{乙|おつ}の{得|とく}。", "en": "One man's gain is another man's loss.", "tatoeba_id": 173523 }, { "ja": "甲の食物は乙の毒。", "furigana": "{甲|こう}の{食物|しょくもつ}は{乙|おつ}の{毒|どく}。", "en": "One man's meat is another man's poison.", "tatoeba_id": 173524 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c75accefc1eeaa23401b74d4521d3ad4a1da33e442cdd6aba25a2fd58abca223", "meanings": [ "乙", "别致" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "甲の損は乙の得。", "zh": "甲的损失是乙的收获。" }, { "ja": "甲の食物は乙の毒。", "zh": "甲之食物，乙之毒药。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/027523e5bf", "JMdict ent_seq 1182940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0890ee6eee6c6e3900a1a1dbbd9f8f18eb0cecda9688c65e5d0703a66f7a8041", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "甲乙用于区分两方；乙也可指别致、有情趣。" } }, { "id": "486129fbbe", "word": "お使い", "reading": "おつかい", "romaji": "otsukai", "meanings": [ "errand" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1001980, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの子はよくお使いをする。", "furigana": "あの{子|こ}はよくお{使|つか}いをする。", "en": "The boy often runs errands.", "tatoeba_id": 230965 }, { "ja": "お使いに行って来てちょうだい。", "furigana": "お{使|つか}いに{行|い}って{来|き}てちょうだい。", "en": "Will you go out on an errand?", "tatoeba_id": 227122 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "738618c1140336aed334a59569adb2c416cbd9069d5df5e1e7f212801ddebf62", "meanings": [ "跑腿", "办事" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの子はよくお使いをする。", "zh": "那个孩子经常跑腿。" }, { "ja": "お使いに行って来てちょうだい。", "zh": "请去帮忙跑个腿。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/486129fbbe", "JMdict ent_seq 1001980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "717de9c3bbdfb786c6515a37103afe7d4251c2d9d8afb066e7e1713bfc39beab", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e6ac4a700b", "word": "おっかない", "reading": "おっかない", "romaji": "okkanai", "meanings": [ "frightening", "huge" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1001330, "examples": [ { "ja": "それを飲むのはおっかないな。", "en": "I'm afraid to drink it.", "tatoeba_id": 9634577 }, { "ja": "今日、トムはおっかない顔をした人を見ました。", "en": "Tom saw a person with a scary looking face today.", "tatoeba_id": 440745 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e85f6665d848a596e76daaa5836f79026bb1a53f53fd338f9e993936d5cec618", "meanings": [ "可怕" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それを飲むのはおっかないな。", "zh": "喝那个真可怕。" }, { "ja": "今日、トムはおっかない顔をした人を見ました。", "zh": "今天汤姆看到了一个面相吓人的人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e6ac4a700b", "JMdict ent_seq 1001330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8257f24f808ea2ac02cc419fca05eb473a70aed3af14561b28520e21c855eaf9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "84406af4b1", "word": "お手上げ", "reading": "おてあげ", "romaji": "oteage", "meanings": [ "all over", "given in", "given up hope", "bring to knees" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1002080, "examples": [ { "ja": "この問題にはお手上げだ。", "furigana": "この{問題|もんだい}にはお{手上|てあ}げだ。", "en": "This problem baffles me.", "tatoeba_id": 219427 }, { "ja": "まったくお手上げだ。", "furigana": "まったくお{手上|てあ}げだ。", "en": "Everything's a little crazy right now.", "tatoeba_id": 195360 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1903210988eab0492bfc19c70bc491019845c065f977df311a2780189f1659ae", "meanings": [ "束手无策" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この問題にはお手上げだ。", "zh": "我对这个问题束手无策。" }, { "ja": "まったくお手上げだ。", "zh": "完全没办法了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/84406af4b1", "JMdict ent_seq 1002080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "71106acda28d8587eb6c01d35de01b0102a1e51d8b3da7e5bbd9cc3815f5f4f6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3c74d17c1d", "word": "弟", "reading": "おと", "romaji": "oto", "meanings": [ "younger brother" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2837087, "examples": [ { "ja": "弟よ、元気でいておくれ。", "furigana": "{弟|おと}よ、{元気|げんき}でいておくれ。", "en": "My younger brother, please stay well." }, { "ja": "昔の言葉で弟を「おと」と呼ぶ。", "en": "In older language, a younger sibling can be called oto." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "91aab020e9ed1f9d51444ba9d2a3336c62fdf8750e3d42a4222bc9ea0aa84a2c", "meanings": [ "弟弟（古语）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "弟よ、元気でいておくれ。", "zh": "弟弟啊，愿你平安。" }, { "ja": "昔の言葉で弟を「おと」と呼ぶ。", "zh": "古语中弟弟可称为おと。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3c74d17c1d", "JMdict ent_seq 2837087; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5c065875c3fef3c20c2dec6ad3671fa6ba209a4ac976736fe6a9b2cafc971c3f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "おと是弟弟的古语读法；现代日语通常读おとうと。" } }, { "id": "af9c173d83", "word": "おどおど", "reading": "おどおど", "romaji": "odoodo", "meanings": [ "coweringly", "hesitantly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adv-to", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1001400, "examples": [ { "ja": "その来たばかりの子はおどおどして口ごもった。", "furigana": "その{来|き}たばかりの{子|こ}はおどおどして{口|くち}ごもった。", "en": "The new boy had a nervous stammer.", "tatoeba_id": 206254 }, { "ja": "彼女の前に出るときまっておどおどする。", "en": "I always get nervous in her presence.", "tatoeba_id": 94179 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0361552a350de275dd04999e135c0df33f3b17afcd959fb2c971073ab5d120e2", "meanings": [ "胆怯地", "战战兢兢" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その来たばかりの子はおどおどして口ごもった。", "zh": "刚来的那个孩子胆怯地支支吾吾。" }, { "ja": "彼女の前に出るときまっておどおどする。", "zh": "一到她面前我就总是紧张胆怯。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/af9c173d83", "JMdict ent_seq 1001400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6bbe3ada82428fb472ac4e596e277463a0751b661815278c2b425374f1327bca", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f235910220", "word": "脅す", "reading": "おどす", "romaji": "odosu", "meanings": [ "to threaten", "to menace" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1238070, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はそれを公表すると脅した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はそれを{公表|こうひょう}すると{脅|おど}した。", "en": "He threatened to make it public.", "tatoeba_id": 112182 }, { "ja": "彼はあるギャングに脅されている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はあるギャングに{脅|おど}されている。", "en": "He is threatened by a certain gangster.", "tatoeba_id": 114775 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f7cb3e2a7561a49ad9a2f41cd6dab16ec609b95536236bea268f228f3827a77e", "meanings": [ "威胁", "恐吓" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はそれを公表すると脅した。", "zh": "他威胁说要公开那件事。" }, { "ja": "彼はあるギャングに脅されている。", "zh": "他正受到一个黑帮分子的威胁。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f235910220", "JMdict ent_seq 1238070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f019bd3ab6f5ddba8df45276d9f35ad3a9c1bab800ec52de5b0cb467a7d9a52c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7fca1acfbd", "word": "訪れる", "reading": "おとずれる", "romaji": "otozureru", "meanings": [ "to visit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1518080, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたは何回京都を訪れましたか。", "en": "How often did you visit Kyoto?", "tatoeba_id": 232218 }, { "ja": "彼を訪れるたびに私は歓迎された。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}を{訪|おとず}れるたびに{私|わたし}は{歓迎|かんげい}された。", "en": "I was welcomed whenever I visited him.", "tatoeba_id": 95772 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b66225cd31066ef1d373eb908aa0756e8482e642fcebf75fad979cc86130693a", "meanings": [ "访问", "拜访" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたは何回京都を訪れましたか。", "zh": "你去过京都多少次？" }, { "ja": "彼を訪れるたびに私は歓迎された。", "zh": "每次拜访他我都受到欢迎。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7fca1acfbd", "JMdict ent_seq 1518080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e89aff9762f73ed69c266efeff28f6d2bc150c2be6c819f395bab91b67f43cd2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5b32f6a19b", "word": "少女", "reading": "おとめ", "romaji": "otome", "meanings": [ "maiden", "young girl", "young lady" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2855480, "examples": [ { "ja": "「少女」は「乙女」とも書き、「おとめ」と読むことがある。", "en": "少女 can also be written 乙女 and read otome." }, { "ja": "物語に美しい乙女が登場する。", "en": "A beautiful maiden appears in the story." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b177ef1f93b160dacb0897aec42310df135d5547cfac4284281c3f900ba78797", "meanings": [ "少女", "年轻女子" ], "notes": "おとめ常写作乙女，也可写作少女；后者在现代通常读しょうじょ。", "examples": [ { "ja": "「少女」は「乙女」とも書き、「おとめ」と読むことがある。", "zh": "“少女”也可写作“乙女”，有时读作おとめ。" }, { "ja": "物語に美しい乙女が登場する。", "zh": "故事中出现了一位美丽的少女。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5b32f6a19b", "JMdict ent_seq 2855480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6e910fce2a477e0fda4c0f5800c7c206cee561b57c7c276b1d7f80687e78a2ad", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cff7b322bd", "word": "お供", "reading": "おとも", "romaji": "otomo", "meanings": [ "attendant", "companion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1001810, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は私のお供をするように言われた。", "en": "She was told to accompany me.", "tatoeba_id": 89432 }, { "ja": "私は喜んであなたのお供をします。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{喜|よろこ}んであなたのお{供|とも}をします。", "en": "I am ready to follow you.", "tatoeba_id": 157767 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f2fea38941cbdf188611251be94e37c115023f38818efb8cf0b52e790373491c", "meanings": [ "陪同", "随从" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は私のお供をするように言われた。", "zh": "她被要求陪我。" }, { "ja": "私は喜んであなたのお供をします。", "zh": "我很乐意陪您去。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cff7b322bd", "JMdict ent_seq 1001810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "da41018f7ddcb4070766898f59cc33a3c6a81de25f537274649afd1fe547d4e6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "df698ae04e", "word": "衰える", "reading": "おとろえる", "romaji": "otoroeru", "meanings": [ "to become weak", "to decline", "to wear", "to abate", "to decay", "to wither", "to waste away" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1372430, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は体力が衰えた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{体力|たいりょく}が{衰|おとろ}えた。", "en": "My physical power has decayed.", "tatoeba_id": 155242 }, { "ja": "貿易の活動は最近衰えてきている。", "furigana": "{貿易|ぼうえき}の{活動|かつどう}は{最近|さいきん}{衰|おとろ}えてきている。", "en": "The activity of foreign trade has been declining of late.", "tatoeba_id": 82479 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5a2977433f928d80d8c76478326860884f231d30c53f87f2552a9a95cc40ab27", "meanings": [ "衰退", "减弱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は体力が衰えた。", "zh": "我的体力衰退了。" }, { "ja": "貿易の活動は最近衰えてきている。", "zh": "贸易活动最近衰退了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/df698ae04e", "JMdict ent_seq 1372430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ce5e12ed458c232442207c9594704dd6e57eef57e426efec612009440ff5a2b0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c572358a69", "word": "驚き", "reading": "おどろき", "romaji": "odoroki", "meanings": [ "surprise", "astonishment", "wonder" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1238660, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼が失敗したのは少しも驚きではない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}が{失敗|しっぱい}したのは{少|すこ}しも{驚|おどろ}きではない。", "en": "It is no wonder that he failed.", "tatoeba_id": 120197 }, { "ja": "彼がそのことを知らないとは驚きだ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}がそのことを{知|し}らないとは{驚|おどろ}きだ。", "en": "It is surprising that he should not know this.", "tatoeba_id": 120930 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "00c4ba0a3ddb5a1f114d39c8960469703f3c5a3beeb03f666b176f15c78b710a", "meanings": [ "惊讶" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼が失敗したのは少しも驚きではない。", "zh": "他的失败一点也不令人惊讶。" }, { "ja": "彼がそのことを知らないとは驚きだ。", "zh": "他竟然不知道那件事，真令人惊讶。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c572358a69", "JMdict ent_seq 1238660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7696ae8e24e034e34d4b8563a8ef252a32cc5e4f7abbd8dafcb249e2348a5e02", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f0375aa40d", "word": "同い年", "reading": "おないどし", "romaji": "onaidoshi", "meanings": [ "of the same age" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1451740, "examples": [ { "ja": "君と僕とは同い年だ。", "furigana": "{君|きみ}と{僕|ぼく}とは{同|おな}い{年|どし}だ。", "en": "You and I are the same age.", "tatoeba_id": 178737 }, { "ja": "ジョンは私と同い年です。", "furigana": "ジョンは{私|わたし}と{同|おな}い{年|どし}です。", "en": "John is as old as I.", "tatoeba_id": 215292 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6286b7781daea593b4c690683632a615eb318cc8837bad58bbf37d00f049ab70", "meanings": [ "同岁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "君と僕とは同い年だ。", "zh": "你和我同岁。" }, { "ja": "ジョンは私と同い年です。", "zh": "约翰和我同岁。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f0375aa40d", "JMdict ent_seq 1451740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1ee5644e0bb5f909f0a689036dd1de895b3af9205d99ff9aabda9820212eb0c9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5eae712fd9", "word": "女子", "reading": "おなご", "romaji": "onago", "meanings": [ "woman", "girl" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2858064, "examples": [ { "ja": "昔の物語には一人の女子が登場する。", "en": "A woman appears in the old story." }, { "ja": "女子たちが川辺に集まった。", "en": "The women gathered by the river." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bed6152d1bd3e7f6b0dd33c0f924c7b285b1f64daffbd685d87d1b7721822d80", "meanings": [ "女子", "女人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "昔の物語には一人の女子が登場する。", "zh": "古老的故事中出现了一名女子。" }, { "ja": "女子たちが川辺に集まった。", "zh": "女子们聚集在河边。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5eae712fd9", "JMdict ent_seq 2858064; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8ad1eddecb8c0641b3c2bfcde2e291a7ed70ef5a15a751325897603f5d342154", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ca6828b5da", "word": "自ずから", "reading": "おのずから", "romaji": "onozukara", "meanings": [ "naturally", "as a matter of course" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1317330, "examples": [ { "ja": "油断なく注意さえしておれば好機はおのずからうまれる。", "furigana": "{油断|ゆだん}なく{注意|ちゅうい}さえしておれば{好機|こうき}はおのずからうまれる。", "en": "Plenty of opportunities will present themselves, if only you are awake to them.", "tatoeba_id": 79447 }, { "ja": "おのずから明らかである。", "furigana": "おのずから{明|あき}らかである。", "en": "It's self-evident.", "tatoeba_id": 227595 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4fdbab81d9a0ee7af59dcf5bfa9c647144b8e90cada632b5867d0ea910fec039", "meanings": [ "自然地", "自然而然" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "油断なく注意さえしておれば好機はおのずからうまれる。", "zh": "只要保持警惕，机会自然会出现。" }, { "ja": "おのずから明らかである。", "zh": "这是不言而喻的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ca6828b5da", "JMdict ent_seq 1317330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d4c09d85f9cd35d07aea68adf1257535efe13da1d8fa20495cbc20a997e204c7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a7833aaa2c", "word": "怯える", "reading": "おびえる", "romaji": "obieru", "meanings": [ "to become frightened", "to have a nightmare" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1236630, "examples": [ { "ja": "その音に赤ん坊はおびえた。", "furigana": "その{音|おと}に{赤|あか}ん{坊|ぼう}はおびえた。", "en": "The noise frightened the baby.", "tatoeba_id": 212162 }, { "ja": "彼女はおびえた目で彼を見ていた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はおびえた{目|め}で{彼|かれ}を{見|み}ていた。", "en": "She stared at him with frightened eyes.", "tatoeba_id": 93110 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fea29750cf7b2a78a230632d88d42a506ba70e12a90af90e14bc5f45342f9075", "meanings": [ "害怕", "恐惧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その音に赤ん坊はおびえた。", "zh": "婴儿被那个声音吓到了。" }, { "ja": "彼女はおびえた目で彼を見ていた。", "zh": "她用惊恐的眼神看着他。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a7833aaa2c", "JMdict ent_seq 1236630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5c0e8d8990b5d430c6e93e352beafbbfcd51621adf5098b4c379028064fa977f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8fa321af86", "word": "夥しい", "reading": "おびただしい", "romaji": "obitadashii", "meanings": [ "abundantly", "innumerably" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1565840, "examples": [ { "ja": "子供に少し愛情を注いで見給え、すると君におびただしい愛情が戻ってくる。", "en": "Give a little love to a child, and you get a great deal back.", "tatoeba_id": 168663 }, { "ja": "おびただしい数の人々が集まってきていた。", "furigana": "おびただしい{数|かず}の{人々|ひとびと}が{集|あつ}まってきていた。", "en": "People were gathering in a huge mass.", "tatoeba_id": 227561 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6896cd25daa898879a720c0bb83cd4766b83324dcaad0a0bfc6e839a409297bc", "meanings": [ "大量", "众多" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "子供に少し愛情を注いで見給え、すると君におびただしい愛情が戻ってくる。", "zh": "试着给孩子一点爱，你就会得到大量的爱作为回报。" }, { "ja": "おびただしい数の人々が集まってきていた。", "zh": "聚集了大量的人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8fa321af86", "JMdict ent_seq 1565840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "05d1767b07afe7664e8fd6a1f3c86c4f3e654179615264b6553f33b1962eb75c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "30262fec40", "word": "帯びる", "reading": "おびる", "romaji": "obiru", "meanings": [ "to wear", "to carry", "to be entrusted", "to have", "to take on", "to have a trace of", "to be tinged with" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1410430, "examples": [ { "ja": "その問題は新しい性格を帯び始めた。", "furigana": "その{問題|もんだい}は{新|あたら}しい{性格|せいかく}を{帯|お}び{始|はじ}めた。", "en": "The question began to assume a new character.", "tatoeba_id": 206407 }, { "ja": "彼は極秘の使命を帯びていた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{極秘|ごくひ}の{使命|しめい}を{帯|お}びていた。", "en": "He was charged with a secret mission.", "tatoeba_id": 108287 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fff78bed2f5f5238ec320fca75cbf09d78cd15bef968b5908743cb0e70ab0ebf", "meanings": [ "带有", "承担" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その問題は新しい性格を帯び始めた。", "zh": "那个问题开始具有新的性质。" }, { "ja": "彼は極秘の使命を帯びていた。", "zh": "他肩负着绝密使命。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/30262fec40", "JMdict ent_seq 1410430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9a674e0b6708e601481f6d180281045cc816deefcc77cd305951e70e3acb0342", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "可指佩带、肩负使命或带有某种性质。" } }, { "id": "830a31a8d7", "word": "覚え", "reading": "おぼえ", "romaji": "oboe", "meanings": [ "memory", "sense", "experience" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1206040, "examples": [ { "ja": "どこかであなたにお会いした覚えがあります。", "en": "I remember seeing you somewhere.", "tatoeba_id": 201041 }, { "ja": "以前どこかで彼に会った覚えがある。", "furigana": "{以前|いぜん}どこかで{彼|かれ}に{会|あ}った{覚|おぼ}えがある。", "en": "I remember seeing him somewhere before.", "tatoeba_id": 154205 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "09a12fa71a40ddf54efbd8e46277903fc490130735c1aff00de1d1c1d92761f9", "meanings": [ "记得", "经历" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "どこかであなたにお会いした覚えがあります。", "zh": "我记得曾在哪里见过您。" }, { "ja": "以前どこかで彼に会った覚えがある。", "zh": "我记得以前在哪里见过他。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/830a31a8d7", "JMdict ent_seq 1206040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c8b4ce4c8f49b282cffdb916e38757e5a1e7d93579a01e05ac10e3c58a4cc439", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8b18560ec9", "word": "おまけ", "reading": "おまけ", "romaji": "omake", "meanings": [ "a discount", "a prize", "something additional", "bonus", "an extra", "an exaggeration" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1694410, "other_forms": [ "御負け" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は若いし、おまけに、二枚目だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{若|わか}いし、おまけに、{二枚目|にまいめ}だ。", "en": "He is young and, what is more, handsome.", "tatoeba_id": 104580 }, { "ja": "なんとガムのおまけだったんだよ。", "en": "Believe it or not, it came in a pack of gum.", "tatoeba_id": 198845 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6b753d989e6a2c7146939aead6b42dc4e36481e0026958d308e39da7f803ba32", "meanings": [ "赠品", "额外" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は若いし、おまけに、二枚目だ。", "zh": "他年轻，而且还是个帅哥。" }, { "ja": "なんとガムのおまけだったんだよ。", "zh": "没想到是口香糖附赠的赠品。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8b18560ec9", "JMdict ent_seq 1694410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "75b0ae620b1df761e7187403490b50bce8ebef8b6c33fbf4c9d91e32c95cb64d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2e70898eaa", "word": "お宮", "reading": "おみや", "romaji": "omiya", "meanings": [ "Shinto shrine" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1001790, "examples": [ { "ja": "以前この辺りに小さなお宮があった。", "furigana": "{以前|いぜん}この{辺|あた}りに{小|ちい}さなお{宮|みや}があった。", "en": "There used to be a small shrine around here.", "tatoeba_id": 191205 }, { "ja": "お宮にお参りした。", "en": "I visited the shrine to pray." }, { "ja": "村のお宮で祭りがある。", "en": "A festival is held at the village shrine." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "35ccd07a40c0cc3101ac9e3128d58b6b34d61dca87ab0036c5626424b05c4a5e", "meanings": [ "神社" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "以前この辺りに小さなお宮があった。", "zh": "以前这附近有座小神社。" }, { "ja": "お宮にお参りした。", "zh": "我去神社参拜了。" }, { "ja": "村のお宮で祭りがある。", "zh": "村里的神社举行祭典。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2e70898eaa", "JMdict ent_seq 1001790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9a013a51284b974686d55f3d8db69dd1d7f5bcca211682800bc4a8e2751567b4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4019600b45", "word": "おむつ", "reading": "おむつ", "romaji": "omutsu", "meanings": [ "diaper", "nappy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1270830, "other_forms": [ "お襁褓" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ピーターは新しいオムツを必要としているのかもしれない。", "en": "Peter may need a new diaper.", "tatoeba_id": 197689 }, { "ja": "赤ちゃんのおむつを替える。", "en": "Change the baby’s diaper." }, { "ja": "おむつを買いに行った。", "en": "I went to buy diapers." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4f40c42f8b2e95437272e6d1698fdd6f20fd7a20f7e9a65dc1bbab2fc7dc4115", "meanings": [ "尿布" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ピーターは新しいオムツを必要としているのかもしれない。", "zh": "彼得可能需要换尿布了。" }, { "ja": "赤ちゃんのおむつを替える。", "zh": "给婴儿换尿布。" }, { "ja": "おむつを買いに行った。", "zh": "我去买尿布了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4019600b45", "JMdict ent_seq 1270830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5aee87b8bbdfab9a6255b36e9224ba8a84f9ea28e2e8a9affa5f0ed73efbe8ec", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e562d42eba", "word": "思い付き", "reading": "おもいつき", "romaji": "omoitsuki", "meanings": [ "plan", "idea", "suggestion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1309380, "examples": [ { "ja": "それについて一つ思いつきを言ってもいいですか。", "en": "May I make a suggestion about it?", "tatoeba_id": 205681 }, { "ja": "何てよい思いつきなのでしょう。", "en": "What a good idea!", "tatoeba_id": 187821 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2f98d538abe3238536080c9e24360c552718d1d4f2e81bb41f4391bdac5fae8f", "meanings": [ "想法", "主意" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それについて一つ思いつきを言ってもいいですか。", "zh": "关于那件事，我可以说个想法吗？" }, { "ja": "何てよい思いつきなのでしょう。", "zh": "多好的主意啊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e562d42eba", "JMdict ent_seq 1309380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "19ec4be8b0b6fc4a234806223cc151d27591dfaab4d03d70886d81786bf1b76a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e6562f65be", "word": "面", "reading": "おもて", "romaji": "omote", "meanings": [ "face" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1584680, "other_readings": [ "おも" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "悲しげな面をしている。", "en": "He has a sad expression." }, { "ja": "舞台で面をつけて踊る。", "en": "Dance on stage wearing a mask." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "daa2e8f9d9556df6bff39d7d0291c0f26cb2f728b4b4f89f0eddced69c99c9ae", "meanings": [ "面容", "面具" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "悲しげな面をしている。", "zh": "他面露悲伤。" }, { "ja": "舞台で面をつけて踊る。", "zh": "戴着面具在舞台上跳舞。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e6562f65be", "JMdict ent_seq 1584680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1ebb21a4caf7ede1e85346dd39f7df0125afa96f9c1a1aa730f5e071fd5a2e8e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "eae8d1488f", "word": "主なる", "reading": "おもなる", "romaji": "omonaru", "meanings": [ "main", "principal", "important" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "exp", "adj-pn" ], "jmdict_id": 1589400, "other_forms": [ "重なる" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "主なる原因を調べた。", "en": "I investigated the main cause." }, { "ja": "主なる目的は安全の確保だ。", "en": "The main purpose is to ensure safety." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "19a0c19d4cf32bb0498410af07f169bd226051c130ec29bea71d4897681ffbeb", "meanings": [ "主要的" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "主なる原因を調べた。", "zh": "我调查了主要原因。" }, { "ja": "主なる目的は安全の確保だ。", "zh": "主要目的是保障安全。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/eae8d1488f", "JMdict ent_seq 1589400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b4cf4b038993ceb1d6f2032ae829290b489963091b64ca39b81bad86c1b62d04", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "061df73f89", "word": "趣", "reading": "おもむき", "romaji": "omomuki", "meanings": [ "meaning", "tenor", "gist", "effect", "appearance", "taste", "grace", "charm", "refinement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1328960, "examples": [ { "ja": "趣を説明することはできない。", "furigana": "{趣|おもむき}を{説明|せつめい}することはできない。", "en": "There is no accounting for tastes.", "tatoeba_id": 148475 }, { "ja": "彼の最新作は趣を異にする。", "en": "His latest work belongs to a different category.", "tatoeba_id": 117314 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "36b0616617dbc0c5544dc363f568900eba07d612a381b4499561731aaa88646f", "meanings": [ "趣味", "情趣", "旨意" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "趣を説明することはできない。", "zh": "无法解释其中的意趣。" }, { "ja": "彼の最新作は趣を異にする。", "zh": "他的最新作品风格不同。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/061df73f89", "JMdict ent_seq 1328960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6c806384f5aa22bdeb65a2f6fe2bae37a87bb9c20c0631c0bf1014b16d7b668b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "59b6e4bc77", "word": "赴く", "reading": "おもむく", "romaji": "omomuku", "meanings": [ "to go", "to proceed", "to repair to", "to become" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1498190, "examples": [ { "ja": "しばしば、彼女は自ら赴かねばならなかった。", "furigana": "しばしば、{彼女|かのじょ}は{自|みずか}ら{赴|おもむ}かねばならなかった。", "en": "More often than not, she had to go in person.", "tatoeba_id": 193208 }, { "ja": "決心がつきかねたので、私は感情のおもむくままに行動した。", "en": "I couldn't decide what to do, so I just followed my heart.", "tatoeba_id": 175907 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1a62365ff83221b82322dd86715b96fe9f18d087e4b530678dc6786f15e37c8a", "meanings": [ "前往", "趋向" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "しばしば、彼女は自ら赴かねばならなかった。", "zh": "她常常不得不亲自前往。" }, { "ja": "決心がつきかねたので、私は感情のおもむくままに行動した。", "zh": "因为拿不定主意，我就听从感情行事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/59b6e4bc77", "JMdict ent_seq 1498190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a0c9d3f4037d320cd1647ba9b63a2bd8d6f986b1a3900fb08609912cf0dd113a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c633f63d6a", "word": "重んじる", "reading": "おもんじる", "romaji": "omonjiru", "meanings": [ "to respect", "to honor", "to esteem", "to prize" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1335940, "examples": [ { "ja": "たいていの女性は流行を重んじる。", "furigana": "たいていの{女性|じょせい}は{流行|りゅうこう}を{重|おも}んじる。", "en": "Most women make much of fashion.", "tatoeba_id": 203948 }, { "ja": "女の子はファッションを重んじる。", "furigana": "{女|おんな}の{子|こ}はファッションを{重|おも}んじる。", "en": "Girls think much of fashion.", "tatoeba_id": 147336 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8e188011f3e0a4040518d29c12128ff5ebb59cc37003ae68eff5c32413042af2", "meanings": [ "重视", "尊重" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "たいていの女性は流行を重んじる。", "zh": "大多数女性重视流行。" }, { "ja": "女の子はファッションを重んじる。", "zh": "女孩重视时尚。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c633f63d6a", "JMdict ent_seq 1335940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "42f04b50dd669338c9979bde97eacdb81d7420738177857b4248c505b5757ff9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "35b4517046", "word": "重んずる", "reading": "おもんずる", "romaji": "omonzuru", "meanings": [ "to honor", "to respect", "to esteem", "to prize" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vz", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1335950, "examples": [ { "ja": "相手の意見を重んずる。", "en": "Respect the other person’s opinion." }, { "ja": "伝統を重んずる人もいる。", "en": "Some people value tradition." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "82c2d9cbbf884fcc9fb6eec1b985097e3d6e412e1ae59ad88ac85fd66fe9e57e", "meanings": [ "重视", "尊重" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "相手の意見を重んずる。", "zh": "尊重对方的意见。" }, { "ja": "伝統を重んずる人もいる。", "zh": "有些人重视传统。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/35b4517046", "JMdict ent_seq 1335950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "92b25800070e2a0be183fbcba6bcaed78b8724c4a2019e79be972191aadeb8b3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d87794e93f", "word": "及び", "reading": "および", "romaji": "oyobi", "meanings": [ "and", "as well as" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "conj" ], "jmdict_id": 1228140, "examples": [ { "ja": "それはあらゆる種類の植物、動物、及び昆虫のための実験室である。", "furigana": "それはあらゆる{種類|しゅるい}の{植物|しょくぶつ}、{動物|どうぶつ}、{及|およ}び{昆虫|こんちゅう}のための{実験室|じっけんしつ}である。", "en": "They are nature's laboratory for all kinds of plant, animal and insect life.", "tatoeba_id": 205554 }, { "ja": "このような犯罪は罰金および投獄又はそのいずれかで罰せられる。", "furigana": "このような{犯罪|はんざい}は{罰金|ばっきん}および{投獄|とうごく}{又|また}はそのいずれかで{罰|ばっ}せられる。", "en": "Such an offence is punished by a fine and/or imprisonment.", "tatoeba_id": 223083 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2bb0d4f815c0d7e6acf33b41dbbe9c6decea622d600d41fcba4dbe167e406a06", "meanings": [ "以及", "和" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それはあらゆる種類の植物、動物、及び昆虫のための実験室である。", "zh": "那是为各种植物、动物和昆虫设立的实验室。" }, { "ja": "このような犯罪は罰金および投獄又はそのいずれかで罰せられる。", "zh": "这类犯罪处以罚款及监禁，或其中之一。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d87794e93f", "JMdict ent_seq 1228140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "59ab76f149f6863c79a56218411661aae5d0d5904c8543a1cd510be25ed0424a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "120c0331ab", "word": "及ぶ", "reading": "およぶ", "romaji": "oyobu", "meanings": [ "to reach", "to come up to", "to amount to", "to befall", "to happen to", "to extend", "to match", "to equal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5b", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1228170, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は犯行に及んだと信じられていた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{犯行|はんこう}に{及|およ}んだと{信|しん}じられていた。", "en": "He was believed to have committed the crime.", "tatoeba_id": 101219 }, { "ja": "彼は父親には及ばない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{父親|ちちおや}には{及|およ}ばない。", "en": "He is not equal to his father.", "tatoeba_id": 100368 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fc11939329275fd32553c3a2a7263962ab080a931900fe16523e36303f0a3dd2", "meanings": [ "达到", "涉及", "比得上" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は犯行に及んだと信じられていた。", "zh": "人们相信他犯了罪。" }, { "ja": "彼は父親には及ばない。", "zh": "他比不上父亲。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/120c0331ab", "JMdict ent_seq 1228170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5749e012e0f9aeeec06bf034f4e6ebb58727f02835e9f23f2f9c86f445ddd74e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2b57f165a6", "word": "織", "reading": "おり", "romaji": "ori", "meanings": [ "weave", "weaving", "woven item" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1929820, "examples": [ { "ja": "目の細かい織りのカーペットが一般的には価値が高い。", "en": "Tightly-knit carpets are generally more valuable.", "tatoeba_id": 79965 }, { "ja": "細かい織りの布を選んだ。", "en": "I chose a finely woven fabric." }, { "ja": "この織りには独特の模様がある。", "en": "This weave has a distinctive pattern." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4caa19e0be02394b4888f2b82a72ec378a9f6819087ebfb6c4b3eb1759a5b79b", "meanings": [ "织法", "织物" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "目の細かい織りのカーペットが一般的には価値が高い。", "zh": "一般而言，编织细密的地毯价值较高。" }, { "ja": "細かい織りの布を選んだ。", "zh": "我选了织得细密的布。" }, { "ja": "この織りには独特の模様がある。", "zh": "这种织物有独特的花纹。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2b57f165a6", "JMdict ent_seq 1929820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "59fc1700c24eb23cea5d3e1ba5e1b8ca9fee92c11aa6051cd4419fad1d36d0f3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2d13e31758", "word": "檻", "reading": "おり", "romaji": "ori", "meanings": [ "cage", "pen", "jail cell" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1568410, "examples": [ { "ja": "その動物は檻から出ようともがいた。", "furigana": "その{動物|どうぶつ}は{檻|おり}から{出|で}ようともがいた。", "en": "The animal struggled to get out of the cage.", "tatoeba_id": 207445 }, { "ja": "そのトラは檻の真ん中に寝そべっていた。", "furigana": "そのトラは{檻|おり}の{真|ま}ん{中|なか}に{寝|ね}そべっていた。", "en": "The tiger laid in the middle of the cage.", "tatoeba_id": 212878 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "65041e0ce5f725bf1f5ab8c531b0f385d853050044ce5b6b5179ff3620542492", "meanings": [ "笼子", "牢房" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その動物は檻から出ようともがいた。", "zh": "那只动物挣扎着想逃出笼子。" }, { "ja": "そのトラは檻の真ん中に寝そべっていた。", "zh": "那只老虎躺在笼子中央。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2d13e31758", "JMdict ent_seq 1568410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c71a141fe7b236821016bb2dfa4f3cdf6acf45a3ab5f40098fa7483ce265f103", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "280c350aaf", "word": "オリエンテーション", "reading": "オリエンテーション", "romaji": "orienteeshon", "meanings": [ "orientation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1035550, "examples": [ { "ja": "新入生向けのオリエンテーションを行う。", "furigana": "{新入生|しんにゅうせい}{向|む}けのオリエンテーションを{行|おこな}う。", "en": "We will have a period of orientation for freshmen.", "tatoeba_id": 145209 }, { "ja": "入社後にオリエンテーションを受けた。", "en": "I attended an orientation after joining the company." }, { "ja": "新入生のオリエンテーションが明日ある。", "en": "The orientation for new students is tomorrow." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fc9bbec88f2aa16924083d3d9e6ee7b57090fe67dbaa2bdac935208bb3f3df0e", "meanings": [ "说明会", "迎新" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新入生向けのオリエンテーションを行う。", "zh": "举行面向新生的说明会。" }, { "ja": "入社後にオリエンテーションを受けた。", "zh": "入职后我参加了说明会。" }, { "ja": "新入生のオリエンテーションが明日ある。", "zh": "新生说明会在明天举行。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/280c350aaf", "JMdict ent_seq 1035550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ddd8e5a8309d0dd0d580dbdca9bf8fd75c031b2572a7de2ed150457eab2bbbbc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "64ad3d3360", "word": "折り返す", "reading": "おりかえす", "romaji": "orikaesu", "meanings": [ "to turn up", "to fold back" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1385900, "examples": [ { "ja": "紙の端を折り返す。", "en": "Fold back the edge of the paper." }, { "ja": "駅で折り返して家に戻った。", "en": "I turned back at the station and went home." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "58dc4040f18202d304aa10c13c927502bb33c5d02d3263859b8061c3ff5066e9", "meanings": [ "折回", "返回" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "紙の端を折り返す。", "zh": "把纸的边缘折回来。" }, { "ja": "駅で折り返して家に戻った。", "zh": "我在车站折返回家。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/64ad3d3360", "JMdict ent_seq 1385900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cba95d580fe7db963851ee5be79df48a043ae3df380d19afc986dc5e60944213", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e7af77b5ad", "word": "織物", "reading": "おりもの", "romaji": "orimono", "meanings": [ "textile", "fabric" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1357450, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの店には織物類が置いてありますか。", "furigana": "あの{店|みせ}には{織物|おりもの}{類|るい}が{置|お}いてありますか。", "en": "Does that store keep textile goods?", "tatoeba_id": 230541 }, { "ja": "この織物を染めて欲しいのです。", "furigana": "この{織物|おりもの}を{染|そ}めて{欲|ほ}しいのです。", "en": "I'd like to have this fabric dyed.", "tatoeba_id": 221063 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bf3e0c111dced5031612e6b1fa39ae428f0a8206ab33caccf9fcebdc2a1bcbba", "meanings": [ "纺织品", "织物" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの店には織物類が置いてありますか。", "zh": "那家店有纺织品吗？" }, { "ja": "この織物を染めて欲しいのです。", "zh": "我想请人染这块布。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e7af77b5ad", "JMdict ent_seq 1357450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8ca4914b052ff3883df222f647637c9b94ce2fdd2c9e02a02b830dcf224490f5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "dd75448626", "word": "織る", "reading": "おる", "romaji": "oru", "meanings": [ "to weave" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1357420, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はずっとナプキンを織り続けた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はずっとナプキンを{織|お}り{続|つづ}けた。", "en": "She folded napkins all the way.", "tatoeba_id": 92709 }, { "ja": "私の祖母ははたを織るのが好きだ。", "en": "My grandmother likes to weave things.", "tatoeba_id": 163149 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bd45ebe415123bbc2ac023948ca8ac8ad9a1322237eb2a33499466a8d161a7b6", "meanings": [ "织" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はずっとナプキンを織り続けた。", "zh": "她一直在织餐巾。" }, { "ja": "私の祖母ははたを織るのが好きだ。", "zh": "我的祖母喜欢织布。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dd75448626", "JMdict ent_seq 1357420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f99e1e5c58f8c3433b56dfaf46fb6ffc1873cbeecebab33b9eb1706c7ca3458e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1d05a03cd3", "word": "俺", "reading": "おれ", "romaji": "ore", "meanings": [ "I (ego) (boastful first-person pronoun)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "pn" ], "jmdict_id": 1576870, "examples": [ { "ja": "おまえはオレを殺そうとしている。", "furigana": "おまえはオレを{殺|ころ}そうとしている。", "en": "You are trying to kill me.", "tatoeba_id": 227533 }, { "ja": "忘れずに俺も頭数に入れてくれよ。", "furigana": "{忘|わす}れずに{俺|おれ}も{頭数|あたまかず}に{入|い}れてくれよ。", "en": "Don't forget to count me in.", "tatoeba_id": 82574 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "72b96fa320163cfbeb0bff9bb6c2211684724cfba9aefb613f35bd06b737db7e", "meanings": [ "我（男性口语）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "おまえはオレを殺そうとしている。", "zh": "你想杀我。" }, { "ja": "忘れずに俺も頭数に入れてくれよ。", "zh": "别忘了把我也算进去。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1d05a03cd3", "JMdict ent_seq 1576870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1cdd06d5cfc61718454fbe1b12fcc85a844fdf9f97645872d9323fb79a9d46c6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cfae27ab7c", "word": "オレンジ", "reading": "オレンジ", "romaji": "orenji", "meanings": [ "an orange" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1035860, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたはリンゴが好きですか、それともオレンジが好きですか。", "furigana": "あなたはリンゴが{好|す}きですか、それともオレンジが{好|す}きですか。", "en": "Do you like apples or oranges?", "tatoeba_id": 232338 }, { "ja": "地球はオレンジの形をしています。", "furigana": "{地球|ちきゅう}はオレンジの{形|かたち}をしています。", "en": "The earth is the shape of an orange.", "tatoeba_id": 126974 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "517bd63f196b59efdebb5218eca44c4ba264145a2ceb5a3ca428ff2c61e6f9eb", "meanings": [ "橙子" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたはリンゴが好きですか、それともオレンジが好きですか。", "zh": "你喜欢苹果还是橙子？" }, { "ja": "地球はオレンジの形をしています。", "zh": "地球的形状像橙子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cfae27ab7c", "JMdict ent_seq 1035860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "faf1ef3403ab1e839ab2aae3af9404bfd460accad6d0ec9d40b9fd9222224565", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "68865480c1", "word": "愚か", "reading": "おろか", "romaji": "oroka", "meanings": [ "foolish", "stupid" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1245100, "examples": [ { "ja": "そんな愚かなことを言うな。", "en": "Do not say such foolish things.", "tatoeba_id": 204158 }, { "ja": "彼は愚かにもその計画に同意した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{愚|おろ}かにもその{計画|けいかく}に{同意|どうい}した。", "en": "He was foolish to agree to the plan.", "tatoeba_id": 108103 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "800e3f21e2a29e284b24832d1d37fc8761e7626ff473cd7c471cf522df522aa1", "meanings": [ "愚蠢" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そんな愚かなことを言うな。", "zh": "别说那种傻话。" }, { "ja": "彼は愚かにもその計画に同意した。", "zh": "他愚蠢地同意了那个计划。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/68865480c1", "JMdict ent_seq 1245100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9c127b95c0565d0d627c0f381c87e25fda30c1615e440cfd921ba7cfeb3f3248", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "679dc60eb0", "word": "疎か", "reading": "おろそか", "romaji": "orosoka", "meanings": [ "neglect", "negligence", "carelessness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1396630, "examples": [ { "ja": "学業をおろそかにするなんて、君はばかだ。", "furigana": "{学業|がくぎょう}をおろそかにするなんて、{君|きみ}はばかだ。", "en": "It is silly of you to neglect your studies.", "tatoeba_id": 184509 }, { "ja": "健康をおろそかにしてはいけない。", "en": "You must not neglect your health." }, { "ja": "準備をおろそかにした結果、失敗した。", "en": "Neglecting preparation led to failure." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1659fe2b1f1b824a0d5ffa255e36d314e40f6c64813bece8a160496cebf30462", "meanings": [ "忽视", "疏忽" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "学業をおろそかにするなんて、君はばかだ。", "zh": "忽视学业，你真傻。" }, { "ja": "健康をおろそかにしてはいけない。", "zh": "不要忽视健康。" }, { "ja": "準備をおろそかにした結果、失敗した。", "zh": "因为忽视准备而失败了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/679dc60eb0", "JMdict ent_seq 1396630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "834bbb4082ccdf2be3e39ff2d3720a20c557a732c45165f13843c72dd614d61e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "612aa8aa8b", "word": "オンライン", "reading": "オンライン", "romaji": "onrain", "meanings": [ "on-line" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1036080, "examples": [ { "ja": "オンラインでお話しした方がよろしければそうします。", "en": "If you need to go off-line, that is fine.", "tatoeba_id": 227417 }, { "ja": "法律の変更で、電子商取引におけるオンライン販売が脅かされている。", "en": "Legal changes threaten online sales in digital commerce.", "tatoeba_id": 82663 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a93b8846addb15892a03c5349371fc4fec2041119a26ef70ba05c63a1c76d4b7", "meanings": [ "在线" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "オンラインでお話しした方がよろしければそうします。", "zh": "如果您觉得在线交谈更好，我们就那样做。" }, { "ja": "法律の変更で、電子商取引におけるオンライン販売が脅かされている。", "zh": "法律变更威胁到电子商务中的在线销售。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/612aa8aa8b", "JMdict ent_seq 1036080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3a259c0f9d48128c7a0dfdb0744f7a1ac9a5a88b4e4edb4f7bcb75342f428362", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "75df9efb1e", "word": "温和", "reading": "おんわ", "romaji": "onwa", "meanings": [ "gentle", "mild", "moderate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1589620, "examples": [ { "ja": "その国は気候が温和だ。", "furigana": "その{国|くに}は{気候|きこう}が{温和|おんわ}だ。", "en": "That country has a mild climate.", "tatoeba_id": 210607 }, { "ja": "概して言えば、当地の気候は温和です。", "furigana": "{概|がい}して{言|い}えば、{当地|とうち}の{気候|きこう}は{温和|おんわ}です。", "en": "Generally speaking, the climate here is mild.", "tatoeba_id": 184672 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d30aacbe007be7b3b60f1b1fe07cb8ee6636c5ea61cc13fc2f8fe578b9710edf", "meanings": [ "温和" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その国は気候が温和だ。", "zh": "那个国家气候温和。" }, { "ja": "概して言えば、当地の気候は温和です。", "zh": "一般来说，这里的气候温和。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/75df9efb1e", "JMdict ent_seq 1589620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "805aad23f54e76f8ca5b47a93872cfebaf24316ff0c663dbd9c0bddf46ece7a8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bacad0baf0", "word": "科", "reading": "か", "romaji": "ka", "meanings": [ "department", "section" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1192680, "examples": [ { "ja": "オニユリはユリ科に属する１つの種である。", "furigana": "オニユリはユリ{科|か}に{属|ぞく}する１つの{種|しゅ}である。", "en": "Tiger lilies are one species of the lily family.", "tatoeba_id": 227598 }, { "ja": "彼は大学で工学科を選んだ。", "en": "He chose engineering as his university department." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1d5fede0a80350e285429ac19506eb8edd139ddc3ee1a1cefebd9d62ce9ba2fc", "meanings": [ "科", "学科" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "オニユリはユリ科に属する１つの種である。", "zh": "卷丹是属于百合科的一种植物。" }, { "ja": "彼は大学で工学科を選んだ。", "zh": "他在大学选择了工学科。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bacad0baf0", "JMdict ent_seq 1192680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "08efa6db31bb4648aa4a330efc345280bc3647021aa9949dfb8d8365b897bfdb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b9efa4c556", "word": "カーペット", "reading": "カーペット", "romaji": "kaapetto", "meanings": [ "carpet" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1036580, "examples": [ { "ja": "このカーペットは実にお買い得だった。", "furigana": "このカーペットは{実|じつ}にお{買|か}い{得|どく}だった。", "en": "This carpet was a real bargain.", "tatoeba_id": 223917 }, { "ja": "机のしたにカーペットを敷いた。", "furigana": "{机|つくえ}のしたにカーペットを{敷|し}いた。", "en": "I put down a rug under my desk.", "tatoeba_id": 183468 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1f659fa889904ad389603b55e66fcd275d67cb163eb109e4092ae1ed09e22f3d", "meanings": [ "地毯" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このカーペットは実にお買い得だった。", "zh": "这块地毯买得真划算。" }, { "ja": "机のしたにカーペットを敷いた。", "zh": "在桌子下面铺了地毯。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b9efa4c556", "JMdict ent_seq 1036580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ab81442f8e1bd15a90ecd17f57e538058cb0aeb1366891e131c685693c7a3bdc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a77c8b1d1f", "word": "下位", "reading": "かい", "romaji": "kai", "meanings": [ "low rank", "subordinate", "lower order (e.g. byte)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1184480, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は組んだ下位候補者が悪かったので落選しました。", "en": "He was dropped because of his running mate.", "tatoeba_id": 102884 }, { "ja": "下位のチームが勝った。", "en": "A lower-ranked team won." }, { "ja": "下位の順位から上を目指す。", "en": "Aim higher from a lower rank." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "acf693db48a329f7f31a286b072b0747fb7572c0b30565c61eacc2f3e7807f8c", "meanings": [ "下位", "较低的地位" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は組んだ下位候補者が悪かったので落選しました。", "zh": "他因为搭档的下位候选人不佳而落选。" }, { "ja": "下位のチームが勝った。", "zh": "排名较低的队伍获胜了。" }, { "ja": "下位の順位から上を目指す。", "zh": "从较低的排名向上努力。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a77c8b1d1f", "JMdict ent_seq 1184480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "179f0e337428fe80638224da1f7de5dc423a00aee05a566394160bc2513f8bd9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e8f22989ca", "word": "階", "reading": "かい", "romaji": "kai", "meanings": [ "-floor (counter)", "stories" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1203020, "examples": [ { "ja": "それはもう一つ下の階ですよ。", "furigana": "それはもう{一|ひと}つ{下|した}の{階|かい}ですよ。", "en": "That's one level down.", "tatoeba_id": 205370 }, { "ja": "私の部屋は４階にあります。", "en": "My apartment is on the fourth floor.", "tatoeba_id": 236992 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "16632dc6c59da426367d5952051e344f7efc3d7ce60a54e52cff86a0b07412ae", "meanings": [ "楼层" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それはもう一つ下の階ですよ。", "zh": "那在下面一层。" }, { "ja": "私の部屋は４階にあります。", "zh": "我的房间在四楼。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e8f22989ca", "JMdict ent_seq 1203020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2f674376b3129db7bf42f3b6196dbd4dbc1384c0b74caceab3cca70e0e4f1ee5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "42cf1a5950", "word": "街", "reading": "がい", "romaji": "gai", "meanings": [ "~street", "~quarters" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1204570, "examples": [ { "ja": "ここは東京のビジネス街だ。", "furigana": "ここは{東京|とうきょう}のビジネス{街|がい}だ。", "en": "This is a business section of Tokyo.", "tatoeba_id": 224285 }, { "ja": "地下はショッピング街です。", "furigana": "{地下|ちか}はショッピング{街|がい}です。", "en": "There is a shopping district underground.", "tatoeba_id": 127022 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "461dda7b076a62c4b595cbd412fe6344951c2e936711ed8279e7a1519f7dfcff", "meanings": [ "街区", "商业街" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ここは東京のビジネス街だ。", "zh": "这里是东京的商业区。" }, { "ja": "地下はショッピング街です。", "zh": "地下是购物街。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/42cf1a5950", "JMdict ent_seq 1204570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "01cbb45000636eb0eed782f6d64a854f9333048502e588b90aa961431f91e223", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a6f8ab22ac", "word": "改悪", "reading": "かいあく", "romaji": "kaiaku", "meanings": [ "deterioration", "changing for the worse" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1200760, "examples": [ { "ja": "制度の変更は改悪だと批判された。", "en": "The change to the system was criticized as making it worse." }, { "ja": "利用者に不利な改悪を避ける。", "en": "Avoid changes that make things worse for users." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6dca422c78aa086aec9c5cc6e67cbf563bce89ea73219074b8827178bbe91197", "meanings": [ "改坏", "改得更糟" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "制度の変更は改悪だと批判された。", "zh": "制度变更被批评为越改越坏。" }, { "ja": "利用者に不利な改悪を避ける。", "zh": "避免对用户不利的改坏。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a6f8ab22ac", "JMdict ent_seq 1200760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2ccde00613d5cda2df03e79101672ee46d13c859501bcfdc3aecb1126d6bddc7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "230db12bf5", "word": "海運", "reading": "かいうん", "romaji": "kaiun", "meanings": [ "maritime", "marine transportation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1201230, "examples": [ { "ja": "海運会社に勤めています。", "en": "I work for a shipping company.", "tatoeba_id": 185082 }, { "ja": "海運で貨物を運ぶ。", "en": "Transport cargo by sea." }, { "ja": "海運の費用が上がった。", "en": "The cost of shipping rose." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2d10d61226777fccd7e8417b3ed599028e198d2fc2a4d597dbd06e6e9cbf68e2", "meanings": [ "海运" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "海運会社に勤めています。", "zh": "我在海运公司工作。" }, { "ja": "海運で貨物を運ぶ。", "zh": "通过海运运送货物。" }, { "ja": "海運の費用が上がった。", "zh": "海运费用上涨了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/230db12bf5", "JMdict ent_seq 1201230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d238f93251b5db03046918ecbbff7a1753af16e4fb77b85891f691e6372e8fb3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ac684e96b8", "word": "外貨", "reading": "がいか", "romaji": "gaika", "meanings": [ "imported goods", "foreign money" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1203410, "examples": [ { "ja": "どこで外貨の交換をすることができますか。", "furigana": "どこで{外貨|がいか}の{交換|こうかん}をすることができますか。", "en": "Where can I get my money exchanged?", "tatoeba_id": 200971 }, { "ja": "外貨の為替レートは毎日変わる。", "en": "The exchange rates for foreign currency change daily.", "tatoeba_id": 184851 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fe12b4ab7d94acf4657b25b9f019edbc3c280bfe3e7d3ec76278610d0f464aef", "meanings": [ "外币", "外国货" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "どこで外貨の交換をすることができますか。", "zh": "在哪里可以兑换外币？" }, { "ja": "外貨の為替レートは毎日変わる。", "zh": "外币汇率每天都在变化。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ac684e96b8", "JMdict ent_seq 1203410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9bb0554aa4a1d145455c06641c9d625037d8bab046e82c035d88196ce839df2b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b20fd69e1c", "word": "改革", "reading": "かいかく", "romaji": "kaikaku", "meanings": [ "reform", "reformation", "innovation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1200780, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は党を内部から改革しようとした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{党|とう}を{内部|ないぶ}から{改革|かいかく}しようとした。", "en": "He tried to reform the party from within.", "tatoeba_id": 101789 }, { "ja": "彼は大学教育の改革を主張している。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{大学教育|だいがくきょういく}の{改革|かいかく}を{主張|しゅちょう}している。", "en": "He advocates reform of university education.", "tatoeba_id": 102432 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4823b6d643e44ff1d1bc0e7a35300f540fa4649f1b7cc28366c3345e2426a9e8", "meanings": [ "改革" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は党を内部から改革しようとした。", "zh": "他试图从内部改革政党。" }, { "ja": "彼は大学教育の改革を主張している。", "zh": "他主张改革大学教育。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b20fd69e1c", "JMdict ent_seq 1200780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "234c9aa58c8f7673c85f9983e3f4987c5e85715675049316b0f6e444b25f4ffb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a260f0ef0d", "word": "貝殻", "reading": "かいがら", "romaji": "kaigara", "meanings": [ "shell" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1203130, "examples": [ { "ja": "トムは美しい貝がらを浜辺でひろった。", "en": "Tom picked up some pretty shells on the beach.", "tatoeba_id": 215703 }, { "ja": "私は岸辺で美しい貝殻を見つけた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{岸辺|きしべ}で{美|うつく}しい{貝殻|かいがら}を{見|み}つけた。", "en": "I found a beautiful shell on the shore.", "tatoeba_id": 157787 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3a6b526691979f8c0cf6a586839a814c3b9a1d5e2ec38583342ff6a50d84f49a", "meanings": [ "贝壳" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "トムは美しい貝がらを浜辺でひろった。", "zh": "汤姆在海边捡到了漂亮的贝壳。" }, { "ja": "私は岸辺で美しい貝殻を見つけた。", "zh": "我在岸边发现了漂亮的贝壳。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a260f0ef0d", "JMdict ent_seq 1203130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "be662b75a660ee07d1319a36bce591266ab703b62c1c478d672fbbd823620e1c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ade644e17c", "word": "外観", "reading": "がいかん", "romaji": "gaikan", "meanings": [ "appearance", "exterior", "facade" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1203460, "examples": [ { "ja": "問題は、その本質よりもむしろ外観である。", "furigana": "{問題|もんだい}は、その{本質|ほんしつ}よりもむしろ{外観|がいかん}である。", "en": "The question is not so much what it is as how it looks.", "tatoeba_id": 79856 }, { "ja": "外観はあてにならない。", "furigana": "{外観|がいかん}はあてにならない。", "en": "Appearance is deceptive.", "tatoeba_id": 184850 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8a1edbc510c62ab737d48576ea27caff68f1ab92188d5caab8eb397d51d59658", "meanings": [ "外观", "外表" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "問題は、その本質よりもむしろ外観である。", "zh": "问题在于外表，而不是本质。" }, { "ja": "外観はあてにならない。", "zh": "外表不可靠。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ade644e17c", "JMdict ent_seq 1203460; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "faa52e5ef8484eb99f15aeb8c84f9991a3d471016558876c49ab05e449178c60", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "40f53466d6", "word": "階級", "reading": "かいきゅう", "romaji": "kaikyuu", "meanings": [ "class", "rank", "grade" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1203040, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は２年前に、大佐の階級に昇進した。", "en": "He was raised to the rank of colonel two years ago.", "tatoeba_id": 115166 }, { "ja": "彼は中流階級の出だ。", "en": "He comes from the middle class.", "tatoeba_id": 102150 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "02da13dd47e4402246d15bf065edd7ce4499ffffba5c1688f7c5008a6f3f32b7", "meanings": [ "阶级", "军衔" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は２年前に、大佐の階級に昇進した。", "zh": "他两年前晋升为上校军衔。" }, { "ja": "彼は中流階級の出だ。", "zh": "他出身中产阶级。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/40f53466d6", "JMdict ent_seq 1203040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f39b12dbd797b549e18a03a794f95a5ba2308666447b28673fec43c843428145", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0abb370e7c", "word": "海峡", "reading": "かいきょう", "romaji": "kaikyou", "meanings": [ "channel" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1201320, "examples": [ { "ja": "その海峡に長い橋を建設中です。", "furigana": "その{海峡|かいきょう}に{長|なが}い{橋|はし}を{建設中|けんせつちゅう}です。", "en": "They are building a long bridge across the channel.", "tatoeba_id": 211749 }, { "ja": "この地点では海は狭くなって海峡となっている。", "furigana": "この{地点|ちてん}では{海|うみ}は{狭|せま}くなって{海峡|かいきょう}となっている。", "en": "At this point the sea narrows into a strait.", "tatoeba_id": 220583 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "04225d3870c62b31cc5642370c7da38bbd1d42fad85aa0e2167d9dbc186fa7ab", "meanings": [ "海峡" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その海峡に長い橋を建設中です。", "zh": "正在那条海峡上建造一座长桥。" }, { "ja": "この地点では海は狭くなって海峡となっている。", "zh": "海在这一地点变窄，形成海峡。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0abb370e7c", "JMdict ent_seq 1201320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3d2dc92828054bec65b12f20062a9f07cf5db6a293fc9de68f7a63033acaa81b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3576b5bfed", "word": "会見", "reading": "かいけん", "romaji": "kaiken", "meanings": [ "interview", "audience" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1198500, "examples": [ { "ja": "大臣は記者団との会見を拒んだ。", "furigana": "{大臣|だいじん}は{記者団|きしゃだん}との{会見|かいけん}を{拒|こば}んだ。", "en": "The minister refused to give an interview to the reporters.", "tatoeba_id": 137489 }, { "ja": "両国の代表団はジュネーブで会見した。", "furigana": "{両国|りょうこく}の{代表団|だいひょうだん}はジュネーブで{会見|かいけん}した。", "en": "The delegations of both countries met in Geneva.", "tatoeba_id": 78107 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2c801af976c60c413dc357d243a349c3272311634726f88f80450495f5635e6d", "meanings": [ "会见" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大臣は記者団との会見を拒んだ。", "zh": "部长拒绝会见记者团。" }, { "ja": "両国の代表団はジュネーブで会見した。", "zh": "两国代表团在日内瓦会见。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3576b5bfed", "JMdict ent_seq 1198500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6108e809372518858740edbb958dd06f93513f0aa4404ca50012f26be33b1f30", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "aa2c1d27ef", "word": "介護", "reading": "かいご", "romaji": "kaigo", "meanings": [ "nursing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1198060, "examples": [ { "ja": "来年から日本では介護保険制度が始まるね。", "en": "The new national elder-care insurance system starts next year, right?", "tatoeba_id": 78607 }, { "ja": "彼らは手の空いた時間の一部を病人の介護にあてている。", "en": "They give part of their spare time to take care of the sick.", "tatoeba_id": 96883 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9d8d3eb58e5a298cc85e1534ae5715c5c9206d0b245b06d2c13094121318e353", "meanings": [ "护理", "照护" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "来年から日本では介護保険制度が始まるね。", "zh": "日本从明年开始实施护理保险制度。" }, { "ja": "彼らは手の空いた時間の一部を病人の介護にあてている。", "zh": "他们把部分空闲时间用于照顾病人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aa2c1d27ef", "JMdict ent_seq 1198060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "95160bdca10b9d96638120f1cabe98269fd420bb0b5dd5ec6c74a6412dcd2c9f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4bc51f4a57", "word": "開催", "reading": "かいさい", "romaji": "kaisai", "meanings": [ "holding a meeting", "open an exhibition" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1202710, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは一連の音楽会を開催した。", "en": "They gave a series of concerts.", "tatoeba_id": 97530 }, { "ja": "理事会を開催しなければならない。", "furigana": "{理事会|りじかい}を{開催|かいさい}しなければならない。", "en": "We must hold a meeting of the council of directors.", "tatoeba_id": 78377 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8862cffc1300505225eabe3afeae8cfec2a3eaf7eb4f6bdcff4b3b17cdaaf8e0", "meanings": [ "举办" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは一連の音楽会を開催した。", "zh": "他们举办了一系列音乐会。" }, { "ja": "理事会を開催しなければならない。", "zh": "必须召开董事会。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4bc51f4a57", "JMdict ent_seq 1202710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6f17041a687f7a1fc9942c98b638722de960b245d3fffacae54ff622fb9965cc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "76371e791a", "word": "回収", "reading": "かいしゅう", "romaji": "kaishuu", "meanings": [ "collection", "recovery" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1199470, "examples": [ { "ja": "いよいよ賭け金を回収するときがきました。", "furigana": "いよいよ{賭|か}け{金|きん}を{回収|かいしゅう}するときがきました。", "en": "It's time to call in our chips.", "tatoeba_id": 228462 }, { "ja": "しかし回収時間が早すぎるため、ゴミの日に出すことが難しいです。", "furigana": "しかし{回収|かいしゅう}{時間|じかん}が{早|はや}すぎるため、ゴミの{日|ひ}に{出|だ}すことが{難|むずか}しいです。", "en": "Moreover it's difficult to get rubbish out for garbage day because the collection time is too early.", "tatoeba_id": 74980 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f2fa6f26fdae59e14131b266965c3eba41844cfc01ed0e5f54b70d4eb27c362a", "meanings": [ "回收", "收回" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "いよいよ賭け金を回収するときがきました。", "zh": "终于到了收回赌注的时候。" }, { "ja": "しかし回収時間が早すぎるため、ゴミの日に出すことが難しいです。", "zh": "但由于收集时间太早，垃圾日很难把垃圾拿出去。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/76371e791a", "JMdict ent_seq 1199470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a47638482432d7ee4a73044a1ac7dd9bdae8bfc88d29603281d6f778c406de64", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0e51793639", "word": "改修", "reading": "かいしゅう", "romaji": "kaishuu", "meanings": [ "repair", "improvement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1200880, "examples": [ { "ja": "バグ改修、終わりました。", "en": "The bug has been fixed.", "tatoeba_id": 10042636 }, { "ja": "このバグを改修してます。", "en": "We are working to fix this bug.", "tatoeba_id": 11796002 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7621e47677757a55a0f016901c3bd2a868fa44d01638869e65dc75a7f6c3f8cd", "meanings": [ "修复", "改善" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "バグ改修、終わりました。", "zh": "漏洞修复完成了。" }, { "ja": "このバグを改修してます。", "zh": "正在修复这个漏洞。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0e51793639", "JMdict ent_seq 1200880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "048315742d95201b9cbdf98afb44b463dea8537afde27f96d16e0dd0ee3b60f7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6fc1606473", "word": "怪獣", "reading": "かいじゅう", "romaji": "kaijuu", "meanings": [ "monster" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1200280, "examples": [ { "ja": "信じてもらえないだろうけど、茂みの中から怪獣が現れたんだよ。", "furigana": "{信|しん}じてもらえないだろうけど、{茂|しげ}みの{中|なか}から{怪獣|かいじゅう}が{現|あらわ}れたんだよ。", "en": "Believe it or not, a monster emerged from the bush.", "tatoeba_id": 145738 }, { "ja": "次の瞬間ヘラクレスは怪獣を捕まえた。", "en": "The next instant Hercules caught hold of the monster.", "tatoeba_id": 150274 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a38c7f850286f1f8c9fb68fba24084a699d13a5a03d60e7320f29024ac242899", "meanings": [ "怪兽" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "信じてもらえないだろうけど、茂みの中から怪獣が現れたんだよ。", "zh": "你可能不相信，但灌木丛中出现了怪兽。" }, { "ja": "次の瞬間ヘラクレスは怪獣を捕まえた。", "zh": "下一瞬间，赫拉克勒斯抓住了怪兽。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6fc1606473", "JMdict ent_seq 1200280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6a5bb17a9c11e19994e54f02ce7dbfd3eecdb9306fefc93b2f432b44c2edfedf", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a236f969f0", "word": "解除", "reading": "かいじょ", "romaji": "kaijo", "meanings": [ "cancellation", "rescinding", "release", "calling off" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1199030, "examples": [ { "ja": "貿易障壁は戦争終結後解除されました。", "en": "Trade barriers were lifted after the war ended.", "tatoeba_id": 82474 }, { "ja": "政府は物価の統制を解除した。", "furigana": "{政府|せいふ}は{物価|ぶっか}の{統制|とうせい}を{解除|かいじょ}した。", "en": "The government lifted price controls.", "tatoeba_id": 143069 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c7a962a3a485019c69b63e4a2373c0f7846f09ebf4f1f87f65e9307145166ff1", "meanings": [ "解除", "取消" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "貿易障壁は戦争終結後解除されました。", "zh": "战争结束后贸易壁垒被解除。" }, { "ja": "政府は物価の統制を解除した。", "zh": "政府解除了物价管制。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a236f969f0", "JMdict ent_seq 1199030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4e1a9de3a239fe543bc9f6f8c7bd452cb145519d504326e5593f8eb60aa63b9f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "be24bd3e1e", "word": "外相", "reading": "がいしょう", "romaji": "gaishou", "meanings": [ "Foreign Minister" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1203940, "examples": [ { "ja": "外相は、戦争は避けられないと言った。", "en": "The Foreign Minister said that war was inevitable.", "tatoeba_id": 184720 }, { "ja": "日本の外相のためにレセプションが開かれた。", "en": "A reception was given for the Japanese foreign minister.", "tatoeba_id": 122648 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7d6e9ce2b96ef6838a56f0238e74836bcf14f01b0a8fdfe2b2b579756054dafb", "meanings": [ "外相", "外交部长" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "外相は、戦争は避けられないと言った。", "zh": "外相说战争不可避免。" }, { "ja": "日本の外相のためにレセプションが開かれた。", "zh": "为日本外相举行了招待会。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/be24bd3e1e", "JMdict ent_seq 1203940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "04f2862382dcbddea75b3bf9c07d59b8e4f577261f1f2faa820be0b32f65d2f4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6cbf79a71a", "word": "害する", "reading": "がいする", "romaji": "gaisuru", "meanings": [ "to injure", "to damage", "to harm", "to kill", "to hinder" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vs-s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1609490, "examples": [ { "ja": "その気候で健康を害した。", "en": "The climate affected his health.", "tatoeba_id": 211524 }, { "ja": "飲みすぎると健康を害するよ。", "furigana": "{飲|の}みすぎると{健康|けんこう}を{害|がい}するよ。", "en": "You will ruin your health if you drink too much.", "tatoeba_id": 189971 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9d41bf927340df55e7ec6326772dd9c3749d4e14dde5292d4bb42e489f6dce08", "meanings": [ "损害", "伤害" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その気候で健康を害した。", "zh": "那里的气候损害了健康。" }, { "ja": "飲みすぎると健康を害するよ。", "zh": "喝太多会损害健康哦。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6cbf79a71a", "JMdict ent_seq 1609490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a4b24d7fe6460d703f21c678dab7a3d756bd35ff5ba5f809947116f030c509b8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "754e93952d", "word": "概説", "reading": "がいせつ", "romaji": "gaisetsu", "meanings": [ "general statement", "outline" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1204470, "examples": [ { "ja": "まず新しいサイトの概説をしようと思う。", "en": "First, I'm going to do an outline of my new website.", "tatoeba_id": 4959 }, { "ja": "報告書の概説を読んだ。", "en": "I read the overview of the report." }, { "ja": "講義では歴史を概説した。", "en": "The lecture provided an overview of history." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "85926685bce3f3d6790dd1cf5561e6ae9cc6d17ded897f1ac5344b26b91d68a8", "meanings": [ "概述" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "まず新しいサイトの概説をしようと思う。", "zh": "我想先概述一下新网站。" }, { "ja": "報告書の概説を読んだ。", "zh": "我读了报告的概述。" }, { "ja": "講義では歴史を概説した。", "zh": "讲座概述了历史。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/754e93952d", "JMdict ent_seq 1204470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1417ceb018191668df8a31df81f8d924c378301b7c7ddd59a189c27efae470a9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "eabf3cc94c", "word": "回送", "reading": "かいそう", "romaji": "kaisou", "meanings": [ "forwarding" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1199610, "examples": [ { "ja": "荷物を別の住所に回送した。", "en": "The package was forwarded to another address." }, { "ja": "電車を車庫へ回送する。", "en": "Send the train back to the depot out of service." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "87d884a95da89fe67097270f3aa21255ca1fb3df6d92bcb4449c441abc2c17cd", "meanings": [ "转送", "回送" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "荷物を別の住所に回送した。", "zh": "包裹被转送到另一个地址。" }, { "ja": "電車を車庫へ回送する。", "zh": "把列车回送到车库。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/eabf3cc94c", "JMdict ent_seq 1199610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5498208e50350e6fb69a75f6e9a43a7096eecb76eb1329865e5d2491c6f2f5f6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "06f4ced5f8", "word": "階層", "reading": "かいそう", "romaji": "kaisou", "meanings": [ "class", "level", "stratum", "hierarchy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1203080, "examples": [ { "ja": "階層問題に対する、消費社会論の著である。", "furigana": "{階層|かいそう}{問題|もんだい}に{対|たい}する、{消費社会|しょうひしゃかい}{論|ろん}の{著|ちょ}である。", "en": "It is a literary work confronting the class problem of a consumer society.", "tatoeba_id": 76277 }, { "ja": "野球への興味はわが国ではあらゆる階層、年齢にわたっている。", "en": "Interest in baseball cuts across classes and ages in this country.", "tatoeba_id": 79638 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "79bcec367102c90b903f0f35613c415a7fca2b6b1907563bfc8dd3c2ac1a036e", "meanings": [ "阶层", "层级" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "階層問題に対する、消費社会論の著である。", "zh": "这是论述消费社会与阶层问题的著作。" }, { "ja": "野球への興味はわが国ではあらゆる階層、年齢にわたっている。", "zh": "在我国，棒球爱好遍及各阶层和年龄段。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/06f4ced5f8", "JMdict ent_seq 1203080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4944a7e5998dc28ac425ac94b4b7460b3e492e14241aa77bdcbbca1f9be7fb57", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "347ac832b6", "word": "開拓", "reading": "かいたく", "romaji": "kaitaku", "meanings": [ "reclamation (of wasteland)", "cultivation", "pioneer" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1202830, "examples": [ { "ja": "これらの製品の新たなる販路を開拓せねばならない。", "furigana": "これらの{製品|せいひん}の{新|あら}たなる{販路|はんろ}を{開拓|かいたく}せねばならない。", "en": "We have to find a new market for these products.", "tatoeba_id": 217839 }, { "ja": "新たな入植者達がその広大な荒野を開拓した。", "en": "The newcomers cultivated the immense wilderness.", "tatoeba_id": 145304 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "50e261aea0557b85ac313d3f52e4f159dff61d4766f7a6bb097c1a4d7272b80e", "meanings": [ "开拓", "开发" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これらの製品の新たなる販路を開拓せねばならない。", "zh": "必须为这些产品开拓新销路。" }, { "ja": "新たな入植者達がその広大な荒野を開拓した。", "zh": "新的定居者开垦了那片广阔的荒野。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/347ac832b6", "JMdict ent_seq 1202830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cee39490a902d5dba6d1bec4c20939bcb766a38178b0bef7ec72d53edd022b57", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e871aeff74", "word": "会談", "reading": "かいだん", "romaji": "kaidan", "meanings": [ "conversation", "conference", "discussion", "interview" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1198760, "examples": [ { "ja": "会談は２日間続いた。", "en": "The talks continued for two days.", "tatoeba_id": 185218 }, { "ja": "出来るだけ早急に会談の手配をして欲しい。", "en": "We want the meeting arranged as soon as possible.", "tatoeba_id": 147677 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "66b994833ecfd255a7cad731e37a3742bcec033a297084c75bd1159cb508a157", "meanings": [ "会谈" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "会談は２日間続いた。", "zh": "会谈持续了两天。" }, { "ja": "出来るだけ早急に会談の手配をして欲しい。", "zh": "请尽快安排会谈。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e871aeff74", "JMdict ent_seq 1198760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7183d2cc6ddfbfa70510989a7f8f2ce6cf312f479e120a03ad223d6fd2d5ee08", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cd8e0693bd", "word": "改定", "reading": "かいてい", "romaji": "kaitei", "meanings": [ "reform" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1201040, "examples": [ { "ja": "料金を改定した。", "en": "The fees were revised." }, { "ja": "規則の改定を検討する。", "en": "Consider revising the rules." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f6436e73d01619cf80a6bec85ea2def7720f3a003ce1cdbedbffc58a93c7fa85", "meanings": [ "修订", "调整" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "料金を改定した。", "zh": "费用调整了。" }, { "ja": "規則の改定を検討する。", "zh": "考虑修订规则。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cd8e0693bd", "JMdict ent_seq 1201040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1209bd1f7b3c3eebe0d3725f9aea3e9514e07bbc2639e0f4e613078ae72f64df", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e1ffadc5ac", "word": "改訂", "reading": "かいてい", "romaji": "kaitei", "meanings": [ "revision" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1201060, "examples": [ { "ja": "時刻表が改訂された。", "furigana": "{時刻表|じこくひょう}が{改訂|かいてい}された。", "en": "The timetable has been revised.", "tatoeba_id": 150474 }, { "ja": "この辞書の改訂には６年かかった。", "furigana": "この{辞書|じしょ}の{改訂|かいてい}には６{年|ねん}かかった。", "en": "The revision of this dictionary took six years.", "tatoeba_id": 221532 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9146e35628e1c6c8ba6d2fd9820a0faa731e8a9481501de42e48c48b361960a1", "meanings": [ "修订" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "時刻表が改訂された。", "zh": "时刻表修订了。" }, { "ja": "この辞書の改訂には６年かかった。", "zh": "修订这部词典花了六年。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e1ffadc5ac", "JMdict ent_seq 1201060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f7f3115a9b2bea19eb2ba1b37514dc189f3fe5476875cf5bcf2642c48de50d11", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "71bcfaf693", "word": "ガイド", "reading": "ガイド", "romaji": "gaido", "meanings": [ "tour guide" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1039900, "examples": [ { "ja": "ガイドが私たちをホテルまで案内してくれた。", "furigana": "ガイドが{私|わたし}たちをホテルまで{案内|あんない}してくれた。", "en": "The guide led us to the hotel.", "tatoeba_id": 226452 }, { "ja": "日本語のガイドが雇えますか。", "furigana": "{日本語|にほんご}のガイドが{雇|やと}えますか。", "en": "Can I hire a guide who speaks Japanese?", "tatoeba_id": 122352 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "57e598f245c0d2f33fba62aa968fd66a5097571efe3245be7edfa3d730d5698a", "meanings": [ "导游", "指南" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ガイドが私たちをホテルまで案内してくれた。", "zh": "导游带我们去了酒店。" }, { "ja": "日本語のガイドが雇えますか。", "zh": "可以雇一位会日语的导游吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/71bcfaf693", "JMdict ent_seq 1039900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4fbe97d53b31f65680f14b1fa2497fe9ffe3fb01959ebd753cbcade5cff26f49", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "46b12b1acf", "word": "街道", "reading": "かいどう", "romaji": "kaidou", "meanings": [ "highway" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1204650, "examples": [ { "ja": "街道沿いのドライブインで昼食をとった。", "furigana": "{街道|かいどう}{沿|ぞ}いのドライブインで{昼食|ちゅうしょく}をとった。", "en": "We had lunch at a roadside restaurant.", "tatoeba_id": 184639 }, { "ja": "休日で車は街道をのろのろと動いた。", "furigana": "{休日|きゅうじつ}で{車|くるま}は{街道|かいどう}をのろのろと{動|うご}いた。", "en": "The holiday traffic crawled along the highway.", "tatoeba_id": 182630 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ced5ecfa022361a467cb7a7ccc0322540a65ed7a82503ec68a937e8403edfeec", "meanings": [ "街道", "大道" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "街道沿いのドライブインで昼食をとった。", "zh": "我们在沿街道的汽车餐厅吃了午饭。" }, { "ja": "休日で車は街道をのろのろと動いた。", "zh": "因为是假日，车在街道上缓慢行驶。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/46b12b1acf", "JMdict ent_seq 1204650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5d9e4e95dd7ccfdd2f78a218df4371289a8867c2873003b9eef19d9165f66b23", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "438bbd01da", "word": "街頭", "reading": "がいとう", "romaji": "gaitou", "meanings": [ "in the street" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1204640, "examples": [ { "ja": "警察は街頭デモを阻止しようとした。", "furigana": "{警察|けいさつ}は{街頭|がいとう}デモを{阻止|そし}しようとした。", "en": "The police tried to stop the street demonstration.", "tatoeba_id": 176203 }, { "ja": "彼は街頭で買った絵を額縁に入れた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{街頭|がいとう}で{買|か}った{絵|え}を{額縁|がくぶち}に{入|い}れた。", "en": "He framed the picture he had bought on the street.", "tatoeba_id": 108919 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "cac894585f077bfc4f99ce62ba593989bd6a58e32dcc78f49954027b9ee2e737", "meanings": [ "街头" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "警察は街頭デモを阻止しようとした。", "zh": "警方试图阻止街头示威。" }, { "ja": "彼は街頭で買った絵を額縁に入れた。", "zh": "他把在街头买的画装进画框。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/438bbd01da", "JMdict ent_seq 1204640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3cf1632477b8087787b738b9b1b84ab0f59399117c7dfdddccbcb99f673a0835", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a08c270ca6", "word": "該当", "reading": "がいとう", "romaji": "gaitou", "meanings": [ "corresponding", "answering to", "coming under" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1204700, "examples": [ { "ja": "この条件に該当する人は誰もいない。", "furigana": "この{条件|じょうけん}に{該当|がいとう}する{人|ひと}は{誰|だれ}もいない。", "en": "There is nobody who fulfils these conditions.", "tatoeba_id": 221071 }, { "ja": "条件に該当する人を募集する。", "en": "Recruit people who meet the conditions." }, { "ja": "この規則はその場合に該当しない。", "en": "This rule does not apply to that case." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "740438b89971531bfe886d3cd338f245cb37037f1d9ec96878911cc6de3aad3e", "meanings": [ "符合", "适用" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この条件に該当する人は誰もいない。", "zh": "没有人符合这个条件。" }, { "ja": "条件に該当する人を募集する。", "zh": "招募符合条件的人。" }, { "ja": "この規則はその場合に該当しない。", "zh": "这一规则不适用于那个情况。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a08c270ca6", "JMdict ent_seq 1204700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "13bf12060e8614b6707f00776866a3985c787859eaf65a6f9acb772ce0c7641f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "32e318a947", "word": "ガイドブック", "reading": "ガイドブック", "romaji": "gaidobukku", "meanings": [ "guidebook" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1039920, "examples": [ { "ja": "ガイドブックを過信しちゃいけない。", "furigana": "ガイドブックを{過信|かしん}しちゃいけない。", "en": "Don't rely too much on your guidebook.", "tatoeba_id": 226448 }, { "ja": "タイのガイドブックは他にないんですか。", "furigana": "タイのガイドブックは{他|ほか}にないんですか。", "en": "Do you have any other guidebooks about Thailand?", "tatoeba_id": 203911 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f17a45e5b84acf0919e84ab85ecea3b1d4dd778e1b45395a4dec86e333fb5970", "meanings": [ "旅行指南" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ガイドブックを過信しちゃいけない。", "zh": "不能过分相信旅行指南。" }, { "ja": "タイのガイドブックは他にないんですか。", "zh": "没有别的泰国旅行指南吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/32e318a947", "JMdict ent_seq 1039920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "69795f153e527ba25e6e78ae380f85daaa723c665f77818ea2a46a0958b5ce1f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5c1c884ffe", "word": "介入", "reading": "かいにゅう", "romaji": "kainyuu", "meanings": [ "intervention" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1198110, "examples": [ { "ja": "警察が騒動に介入した。", "furigana": "{警察|けいさつ}が{騒動|そうどう}に{介入|かいにゅう}した。", "en": "The police intervened in the disturbance.", "tatoeba_id": 176285 }, { "ja": "彼女のプライバシーに介入するな。", "en": "Don't intrude on her privacy.", "tatoeba_id": 94666 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "aa5984801d932abca60766554dd63efeb8aadc3a913b1ee44a218606a01aa904", "meanings": [ "介入", "干涉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "警察が騒動に介入した。", "zh": "警方介入了骚乱。" }, { "ja": "彼女のプライバシーに介入するな。", "zh": "不要干涉她的隐私。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5c1c884ffe", "JMdict ent_seq 1198110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9c3f84b4fb8d249c313bf5c5f6aae8ea93945fa68552cf6d38fc943848ee468a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2430b22515", "word": "概念", "reading": "がいねん", "romaji": "gainen", "meanings": [ "general idea", "concept", "notion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1204480, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の福祉の概念はかなり観念的だ。", "en": "His notion of welfare is pretty abstract.", "tatoeba_id": 116195 }, { "ja": "頭の良いその少年は幾何学の概念を理解した。", "furigana": "{頭|あたま}の{良|よ}いその{少年|しょうねん}は{幾何学|きかがく}の{概念|がいねん}を{理解|りかい}した。", "en": "The bright boy comprehended the concept of geometry.", "tatoeba_id": 123844 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "48ae78b7960061552c52215be044289f883d7d590c603daae8227a576458451b", "meanings": [ "概念" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の福祉の概念はかなり観念的だ。", "zh": "他对福利的概念相当抽象。" }, { "ja": "頭の良いその少年は幾何学の概念を理解した。", "zh": "那个聪明的男孩理解了几何学的概念。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2430b22515", "JMdict ent_seq 1204480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9a64920edb4883ff21add311033799f53be66806c0f1220346a16eb6c6ee6ea5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "de9ee73238", "word": "開発", "reading": "かいはつ", "romaji": "kaihatsu", "meanings": [ "development", "exploitation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1202880, "examples": [ { "ja": "エンドユーザーの視野にたった商品開発が必須。", "en": "Our new product development efforts must be done from the end user's viewpoint.", "tatoeba_id": 227856 }, { "ja": "教育は潜在する能力の開発をめざすものだ。", "furigana": "{教育|きょういく}は{潜在|せんざい}する{能力|のうりょく}の{開発|かいはつ}をめざすものだ。", "en": "Education aims to develop potential abilities.", "tatoeba_id": 180338 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7597111b57564fd59684c9f1f90dc5f2b50bcae6aeeda3b5f0c1231c519a8564", "meanings": [ "开发" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "エンドユーザーの視野にたった商品開発が必須。", "zh": "从最终用户的视角开发产品是必要的。" }, { "ja": "教育は潜在する能力の開発をめざすものだ。", "zh": "教育旨在开发潜在能力。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/de9ee73238", "JMdict ent_seq 1202880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0412b8a150a3c2b01b0750d77cdba2700c241b13beeb041ce90d3bf8d7cb6c9c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3192ac8ca0", "word": "海抜", "reading": "かいばつ", "romaji": "kaibatsu", "meanings": [ "height above sea level" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1201700, "examples": [ { "ja": "エヴェレスト山は海抜29,002フィートです。", "en": "Mt. Everest is 29,002 feet above sea level.", "tatoeba_id": 228021 }, { "ja": "その山は海抜約３０００メートルだ。", "furigana": "その{山|やま}は{海抜|かいばつ}{約|やく}３０００メートルだ。", "en": "The mountain is about 3000 meters above sea level.", "tatoeba_id": 210447 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3114aebefee94454bce05c23ee43acb83ec773d421579fc3bfd5771fd788ea67", "meanings": [ "海拔" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "エヴェレスト山は海抜29,002フィートです。", "zh": "珠穆朗玛峰海拔29002英尺。" }, { "ja": "その山は海抜約３０００メートルだ。", "zh": "那座山海拔约三千米。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3192ac8ca0", "JMdict ent_seq 1201700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5e4e84814b9a4cc80516579c812ec4a2d166bc3e3e6376d27d4508c924371107", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1fa591f378", "word": "介抱", "reading": "かいほう", "romaji": "kaihou", "meanings": [ "nursing", "looking after" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1198130, "examples": [ { "ja": "他人任せはダメ。ライフセーバーではないが、俺自身が介抱してあげないと。", "en": "I can't leave this to others. I'm no lifesaver but if I don't help her myself....", "tatoeba_id": 75910 }, { "ja": "倒れた人を介抱した。", "en": "I cared for a person who had collapsed." }, { "ja": "病人の介抱を続けた。", "en": "I continued caring for the patient." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c170700b13eed514615745851fc20f66da13a9a59ce40c316a66940f7aede8da", "meanings": [ "照顾", "护理" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "他人任せはダメ。ライフセーバーではないが、俺自身が介抱してあげないと。", "zh": "不能交给别人。我虽然不是救生员，也得亲自照顾他。" }, { "ja": "倒れた人を介抱した。", "zh": "我照顾了倒下的人。" }, { "ja": "病人の介抱を続けた。", "zh": "我继续照料病人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1fa591f378", "JMdict ent_seq 1198130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "aac3102658e8a329a5237dd246926f97c86658cb15c2ef22f385ff39900594d8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3673e85a58", "word": "解剖", "reading": "かいぼう", "romaji": "kaibou", "meanings": [ "dissection", "autopsy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1199270, "examples": [ { "ja": "死体解剖の結果、絞殺と判明しました。", "en": "The postmortem showed that she had been strangled.", "tatoeba_id": 168120 }, { "ja": "私たちは内臓器官を調べるためにカエルを解剖した。", "en": "We dissected a frog to examine its internal organs.", "tatoeba_id": 165378 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b67646dc511aa1d1d393056e4627beee8f6c344105edcf3ffcfe076db1a2fc5c", "meanings": [ "解剖" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "死体解剖の結果、絞殺と判明しました。", "zh": "尸体解剖结果表明死因是勒死。" }, { "ja": "私たちは内臓器官を調べるためにカエルを解剖した。", "zh": "我们解剖青蛙以检查内脏器官。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3673e85a58", "JMdict ent_seq 1199270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ba8229982bb859dc8e76cfe552b89354fc12634f511848ec247ae7b0ae8b4a6a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "46e584a03b", "word": "外来", "reading": "がいらい", "romaji": "gairai", "meanings": [ "imported", "outpatient clinic" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1204240, "examples": [ { "ja": "君は外来思想に偏見を抱いているようだ。", "en": "You seem to be prejudiced against ideas that come from foreign countries.", "tatoeba_id": 177387 }, { "ja": "外来で診察を受ける。", "en": "Receive an outpatient examination." }, { "ja": "外来の文化を学ぶ。", "en": "Study cultures from abroad." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "44b88189b9b98292b5b441c8641d04f2da53a0f29c030c678726667b1809e4a1", "meanings": [ "外来", "门诊" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "君は外来思想に偏見を抱いているようだ。", "zh": "你似乎对外来思想有偏见。" }, { "ja": "外来で診察を受ける。", "zh": "在门诊接受检查。" }, { "ja": "外来の文化を学ぶ。", "zh": "学习外来文化。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/46e584a03b", "JMdict ent_seq 1204240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "47a72dbc57c4a1db2273c25fddac6a008d392328cfc3779b44f8c372550c759e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a5f7798d72", "word": "回覧", "reading": "かいらん", "romaji": "kairan", "meanings": [ "circulation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1199800, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその手紙を全員に回覧した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{手紙|てがみ}を{全員|ぜんいん}に{回覧|かいらん}した。", "en": "He circulated the letter among the members.", "tatoeba_id": 112688 }, { "ja": "資料を会員に回覧した。", "en": "I circulated the materials to the members." }, { "ja": "回覧された文書を確認する。", "en": "Check the document being circulated." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "66c8874bc85c3591f5ea9195dcc91eab152bb30b01b09bf26923048f288be0d4", "meanings": [ "传阅" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその手紙を全員に回覧した。", "zh": "他把那封信传阅给所有人。" }, { "ja": "資料を会員に回覧した。", "zh": "我把资料传阅给会员。" }, { "ja": "回覧された文書を確認する。", "zh": "确认传阅的文件。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a5f7798d72", "JMdict ent_seq 1199800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9c02d122619925616b7c17fe1da03d5b4175f371bc23a41c5e84eec519650b91", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "dd35b714da", "word": "概略", "reading": "がいりゃく", "romaji": "gairyaku", "meanings": [ "outline", "summary", "gist", "in brief" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1204510, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼に計画の概略を述べてもらおう。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}に{計画|けいかく}の{概略|がいりゃく}を{述|の}べてもらおう。", "en": "Ask him to sketch out his plan.", "tatoeba_id": 118614 }, { "ja": "各種の性格類型が概略図の形で図１に示されている。", "furigana": "{各種|かくしゅ}の{性格|せいかく}{類型|るいけい}が{概略|がいりゃく}{図|ず}の{形|かたち}で{図|ず}１に{示|しめ}されている。", "en": "The different character typologies are represented schematically in figure one.", "tatoeba_id": 184623 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "218cade4a6a61ec6b4b1aa34e4053c58202cb87e392106e92febfbc0e7bbb636", "meanings": [ "概要" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼に計画の概略を述べてもらおう。", "zh": "请他说明计划概要吧。" }, { "ja": "各種の性格類型が概略図の形で図１に示されている。", "zh": "各种性格类型以概要图形式在图一中展示。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dd35b714da", "JMdict ent_seq 1204510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "35b552ca716513cc5f8415372e582d6f72ff01d4ea7fb4d06ed96a9f3fcdf1fd", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7527fce287", "word": "海流", "reading": "かいりゅう", "romaji": "kairyuu", "meanings": [ "ocean current" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1201820, "examples": [ { "ja": "海流に変化が起きたのだろうか。", "furigana": "{海流|かいりゅう}に{変化|へんか}が{起|お}きたのだろうか。", "en": "Has a change in ocean currents occurred?", "tatoeba_id": 185016 }, { "ja": "海流の向きを調べた。", "en": "I studied the direction of the ocean current." }, { "ja": "海流は気候に影響する。", "en": "Ocean currents affect the climate." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b9e0d49d75c9241cabcb6e1a345972bdc425813423454ee0160811015172660b", "meanings": [ "洋流" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "海流に変化が起きたのだろうか。", "zh": "洋流发生变化了吗？" }, { "ja": "海流の向きを調べた。", "zh": "我调查了洋流的方向。" }, { "ja": "海流は気候に影響する。", "zh": "洋流会影响气候。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7527fce287", "JMdict ent_seq 1201820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7f4874189ea46bbe4bae8c04ee7d56ce1e604083d28c834794bea71cd4ad3cd0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "534de6d5d3", "word": "改良", "reading": "かいりょう", "romaji": "kairyou", "meanings": [ "improvement", "reform" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1201140, "examples": [ { "ja": "コンピューターはたえず改良されている。", "furigana": "コンピューターはたえず{改良|かいりょう}されている。", "en": "Computers are constantly being improved.", "tatoeba_id": 217256 }, { "ja": "この制度には改良の余地がない。", "furigana": "この{制度|せいど}には{改良|かいりょう}の{余地|よち}がない。", "en": "There is no room for further improvement in this system.", "tatoeba_id": 220927 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f3107daee1a411bbb946d2d03110573860c3bc2b935531ef9d7453bd50f74aed", "meanings": [ "改良", "改善" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "コンピューターはたえず改良されている。", "zh": "计算机不断得到改进。" }, { "ja": "この制度には改良の余地がない。", "zh": "这项制度没有改进余地。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/534de6d5d3", "JMdict ent_seq 1201140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6522e28636815b2451ad7884794f6ed851b7a9ee4aea29cb6e278b1bf306cb06", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ecd9ff4900", "word": "回路", "reading": "かいろ", "romaji": "kairo", "meanings": [ "circuit (electric)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1199830, "examples": [ { "ja": "保護回路を飛ばしてしまおう。", "en": "Let's bypass the protection circuit.", "tatoeba_id": 83236 }, { "ja": "回路を調べる前に、電源のスイッチを切りなさい。", "en": "You must switch off the power before checking the circuit.", "tatoeba_id": 185179 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bac1301c708e9accabbe4ef4850e089fed831ab5cbc5a490e616be36d52245a5", "meanings": [ "电路", "回路" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "保護回路を飛ばしてしまおう。", "zh": "把保护电路烧掉吧。" }, { "ja": "回路を調べる前に、電源のスイッチを切りなさい。", "zh": "检查电路之前请关闭电源。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ecd9ff4900", "JMdict ent_seq 1199830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9a5be2c0e95bc9b52faf203a7c5f59075d27679a0fb778d601ce513a684f967e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4385ccd897", "word": "海路", "reading": "かいろ", "romaji": "kairo", "meanings": [ "sea route" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1201830, "other_readings": [ "うみじ" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "陸路を運ぶのは大変ですが、海路で運ぶのは簡単です。", "furigana": "{陸路|りくろ}を{運|はこ}ぶのは{大変|たいへん}ですが、{海路|かいろ}で{運|はこ}ぶのは{簡単|かんたん}です。", "en": "It's very difficult to transport them overland, but simple to do so by sea.", "tatoeba_id": 390718 }, { "ja": "待てば海路の日和あり。", "furigana": "{待|ま}てば{海路|かいろ}の{日和|ひより}あり。", "en": "Everything comes to those who wait.", "tatoeba_id": 137924 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5040f6a38d6a45e643e7b286111679147021c9079182ac4e1b882b3121d4bd4e", "meanings": [ "海路" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "陸路を運ぶのは大変ですが、海路で運ぶのは簡単です。", "zh": "陆路运输困难，海路运输则容易。" }, { "ja": "待てば海路の日和あり。", "zh": "耐心等待总会有好时机。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4385ccd897", "JMdict ent_seq 1201830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "22288ae9cf59f1b917a01479b8270cf9686a38fb35041caa58980051beab2535", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c41eb29491", "word": "顧みる", "reading": "かえりみる", "romaji": "kaerimiru", "meanings": [ "to look back", "to turn around", "to review" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1267870, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は費用を顧みず家を飾りたてた。", "en": "She decorated her house regardless of cost.", "tatoeba_id": 87135 }, { "ja": "顧みられぬ無数の漂流者が家を求めてる。", "en": "A hundred billion castaways are looking for a home.", "tatoeba_id": 174447 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "974d170f4f910f2212172785350378f7d574ebab769c2da7564144d962e1f7dd", "meanings": [ "回顾", "顾及" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は費用を顧みず家を飾りたてた。", "zh": "她不顾费用装饰房子。" }, { "ja": "顧みられぬ無数の漂流者が家を求めてる。", "zh": "无数无人顾及的漂泊者正在寻找家。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c41eb29491", "JMdict ent_seq 1267870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2199909f117e23e1c71d90f287fa1a0b82f8b12514410ba1999a4cf444240197", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4ff84bb232", "word": "省みる", "reading": "かえりみる", "romaji": "kaerimiru", "meanings": [ "to reflect" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 2836356, "examples": [ { "ja": "自分の行動を省みる。", "en": "Reflect on your own actions." }, { "ja": "過去を省みて次に生かす。", "en": "Reflect on the past and apply the lessons." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4d79f0b81ccd855598bfc8c375a40c89f08a54399eeb6724ae9791896a87b8f1", "meanings": [ "反省", "回顾" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "自分の行動を省みる。", "zh": "反省自己的行为。" }, { "ja": "過去を省みて次に生かす。", "zh": "回顾过去并从中吸取经验。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4ff84bb232", "JMdict ent_seq 2836356; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3ed050d7b9d18e5a20db39b9ce7617bfded26f0914fbf2c099319f9fe6ffb2a3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3bd1fc1cbb", "word": "返る", "reading": "かえる", "romaji": "kaeru", "meanings": [ "to return", "to come back", "to go back" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1512150, "examples": [ { "ja": "のろいはのろい主に返る。", "furigana": "のろいはのろい{主|ぬし}に{返|かえ}る。", "en": "Curses, like chickens, come home to roost.", "tatoeba_id": 198548 }, { "ja": "洗濯物はもう洗濯屋から返ってきてますか。", "furigana": "{洗濯物|せんたくもの}はもう{洗濯屋|せんたくや}から{返|かえ}ってきてますか。", "en": "Has the wash come back yet?", "tatoeba_id": 141205 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "20938d2687459e7ec40061a25865847f240be7bbdb1dd95612d3d69a61e8f711", "meanings": [ "返回", "回来" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "のろいはのろい主に返る。", "zh": "诅咒会反噬施咒者。" }, { "ja": "洗濯物はもう洗濯屋から返ってきてますか。", "zh": "洗的衣物已经从洗衣店送回来了吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3bd1fc1cbb", "JMdict ent_seq 1512150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e373462efdb4318a6aabe70d124810d507a097e6791e80575687db19ffaab823", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3b8b02f40f", "word": "顔付き", "reading": "かおつき", "romaji": "kaotsuki", "meanings": [ "(outward) looks", "features", "face", "countenance", "expression" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1217850, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は怒った顔つきで外へでてきた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{怒|おこ}った{顔|かお}つきで{外|そと}へでてきた。", "en": "He came out with an angry face.", "tatoeba_id": 101834 }, { "ja": "彼は悲しそうな顔つきをしている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{悲|かな}しそうな{顔|かお}つきをしている。", "en": "He has a wistful look on his face.", "tatoeba_id": 100779 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "eac87f7d15bbe1154b1eb92580023e291e1d4e3a0fe68cc2ae808ffb1bc24c4f", "meanings": [ "神情", "面容" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は怒った顔つきで外へでてきた。", "zh": "他带着愤怒的表情走了出来。" }, { "ja": "彼は悲しそうな顔つきをしている。", "zh": "他看起来很悲伤。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3b8b02f40f", "JMdict ent_seq 1217850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d164aa38eeb04d83c01a1d9319c0e6dcd48e62a43809ca91292685a6cf71626c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f89fe48d9d", "word": "課外", "reading": "かがい", "romaji": "kagai", "meanings": [ "extracurricular" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1195750, "examples": [ { "ja": "課外活動に参加する。", "en": "Participate in extracurricular activities." }, { "ja": "課外の学習時間を設けた。", "en": "We set aside time for extracurricular study." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9c803dd1bf4764f323c04d94b93d6eedc542e2d228021fd11c1ea4a306c5a2c1", "meanings": [ "课外" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "課外活動に参加する。", "zh": "参加课外活动。" }, { "ja": "課外の学習時間を設けた。", "zh": "我们安排了课外学习时间。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f89fe48d9d", "JMdict ent_seq 1195750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d01aac110079a8ed5c5380f6ed92e46da4134d1de03a1446d15b2d04df4b0aa8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b3c4614300", "word": "掲げる", "reading": "かかげる", "romaji": "kakageru", "meanings": [ "to publish", "to print", "to carry (an article)", "to put up", "to hang out", "to hoist", "to fly (a sail)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1250600, "examples": [ { "ja": "以下に掲げる人が合格です。", "furigana": "{以下|いか}に{掲|かか}げる{人|ひと}が{合格|ごうかく}です。", "en": "The following persons passed the examination.", "tatoeba_id": 191224 }, { "ja": "彼らは女王がおいでになるので旗を掲げた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{女王|じょおう}がおいでになるので{旗|はた}を{掲|かか}げた。", "en": "They hung out the flag for the Queen's visit.", "tatoeba_id": 96847 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1192eda08597f78cdf3315df9de4687dba6c97b4b2c05ec217c57baf5c58e704", "meanings": [ "掲示", "举起" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "以下に掲げる人が合格です。", "zh": "以下列出的人合格。" }, { "ja": "彼らは女王がおいでになるので旗を掲げた。", "zh": "因为女王要来，他们升起了旗帜。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b3c4614300", "JMdict ent_seq 1250600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8f298670225591772e7848ef5cb91da5a8b130b017f7261dc49b6965032ddfe8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "408b1b2559", "word": "踵", "reading": "かかと", "romaji": "kakato", "meanings": [ "(shoe) heel" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1573310, "examples": [ { "ja": "長時間歩くと踵にたこができる。", "furigana": "{長時間|ちょうじかん}{歩|ある}くと{踵|かかと}にたこができる。", "en": "If you walk a lot, you will develop calluses on your heel.", "tatoeba_id": 125874 }, { "ja": "ハイヒールのかかとが折れたとき、ストッキングがほつれた。", "furigana": "ハイヒールのかかとが{折|お}れたとき、ストッキングがほつれた。", "en": "She got a run in her stocking when she broke the heel of her shoe.", "tatoeba_id": 198332 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "93dac49e4d57dd7a405209cbb4d14933c2f8ed0500517f497a381fc6859010d3", "meanings": [ "脚跟", "鞋跟" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "長時間歩くと踵にたこができる。", "zh": "长时间行走脚跟会长茧。" }, { "ja": "ハイヒールのかかとが折れたとき、ストッキングがほつれた。", "zh": "高跟鞋的鞋跟断了，长袜也脱线了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/408b1b2559", "JMdict ent_seq 1573310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7afecb5775c5ee13c482a94bf63e9561130dc7a4cac4b9e452e94a9f6237ece5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e21caf00ad", "word": "書き取る", "reading": "かきとる", "romaji": "kakitoru", "meanings": [ "to write down", "to take dictation", "to take notes" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1343780, "examples": [ { "ja": "それを書き取るだけでよい。", "furigana": "それを{書|か}き{取|と}るだけでよい。", "en": "All you have to do is write it down.", "tatoeba_id": 204563 }, { "ja": "刑事は彼の証言をその場で書き取った。", "furigana": "{刑事|けいじ}は{彼|かれ}の{証言|しょうげん}をその{場|ば}で{書|か}き{取|と}った。", "en": "The detective took down his testimony on the spot.", "tatoeba_id": 176638 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bc91b71c02454580ce02e3f62f56d900a3cd4c2decf4cd44e291659c9d053eb8", "meanings": [ "记下", "听写" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それを書き取るだけでよい。", "zh": "只要把那个记下来就好。" }, { "ja": "刑事は彼の証言をその場で書き取った。", "zh": "刑警当场记下了他的证词。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e21caf00ad", "JMdict ent_seq 1343780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b8d746ad9fee2e8a6f6a08f7ba4b6d4e061306e7ea50fbde0daed9e5a920f198", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2bde908249", "word": "掻き回す", "reading": "かきまわす", "romaji": "kakimawasu", "meanings": [ "to stir up", "to churn", "to ransack", "to disturb" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1399880, "examples": [ { "ja": "水を加えてペースト状になるまでかき回しなさい。", "furigana": "{水|みず}を{加|くわ}えてペースト{状|じょう}になるまでかき{回|まわ}しなさい。", "en": "Add water and stir to a paste.", "tatoeba_id": 143709 }, { "ja": "彼女はちいさな金のスプーンで紅茶をかき回した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はちいさな{金|きん}のスプーンで{紅茶|こうちゃ}をかき{回|まわ}した。", "en": "She stirred her tea with a little gold spoon.", "tatoeba_id": 92123 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4f24243515406302c856e13ea31aaf5dbf9bf8250236e5002558cffe9a748f8c", "meanings": [ "搅拌", "搅乱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "水を加えてペースト状になるまでかき回しなさい。", "zh": "加水搅拌至糊状。" }, { "ja": "彼女はちいさな金のスプーンで紅茶をかき回した。", "zh": "她用一把小金勺搅拌红茶。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2bde908249", "JMdict ent_seq 1399880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9c3b6aecf98ab12d19178988e53328c40bd4843d3e8f2c03738b9929c80df89b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d3c0bd8213", "word": "佳句", "reading": "かく", "romaji": "kaku", "meanings": [ "beautiful passage of literature" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1189710, "examples": [ { "ja": "小説から佳句を選んだ。", "en": "I selected a fine passage from the novel." }, { "ja": "この詩には佳句が多い。", "en": "This poem has many fine lines." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f60fd349baa1cce505d3f753b767c4c0e4cc81b01a4f86309a082024a6e8c141", "meanings": [ "佳句" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "小説から佳句を選んだ。", "zh": "我从小说中选了一段佳句。" }, { "ja": "この詩には佳句が多い。", "zh": "这首诗里有很多佳句。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d3c0bd8213", "JMdict ent_seq 1189710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "da671c973cce721382a36d1ae05340cad1b21c5ea2c480521d781f06e58423da", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "15569a3a2f", "word": "画", "reading": "かく", "romaji": "kaku", "meanings": [ "stroke" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1197050, "examples": [ { "ja": "「道」という漢字の総画数は何画ですか。", "en": "How many strokes does the kanji for \"michi\" have?", "tatoeba_id": 76974 }, { "ja": "この字は五画です。", "en": "This character has five strokes." }, { "ja": "漢字の画を数える。", "en": "Count the strokes of a kanji." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "caf8b22408ed783f9ce408de46c6c6e9be437abe834a1b0ea2a0d0ace3235888", "meanings": [ "笔画" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "「道」という漢字の総画数は何画ですか。", "zh": "“道”这个汉字一共有几画？" }, { "ja": "この字は五画です。", "zh": "这个字有五画。" }, { "ja": "漢字の画を数える。", "zh": "数汉字的笔画。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/15569a3a2f", "JMdict ent_seq 1197050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3a546a982df4b0558c9e3131c689d8ac2f2ba2e2cffb5717120ddb867858b2f4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9c29728f70", "word": "格", "reading": "かく", "romaji": "kaku", "meanings": [ "status", "character", "case" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1205270, "examples": [ { "ja": "thatには、主格、目的格の２つしかなく、格による形の変化はない。", "furigana": "thatには、{主格|しゅかく}、{目的格|もくてきかく}の２つしかなく、{格|かく}による{形|かたち}の{変化|へんか}はない。", "en": "'That' has only the two cases, nominative and objective, and it does not inflect depending on the case.", "tatoeba_id": 76935 }, { "ja": "彼は格の高い役職に就いた。", "en": "He took a high-ranking position." }, { "ja": "文法では名詞の格を学ぶ。", "en": "In grammar we study the case of nouns." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b2bab0ad6d4e5f7bda86d2648fa2c22b45702289090bff3e2ccf9e37bb6f2219", "meanings": [ "格", "地位" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "thatには、主格、目的格の２つしかなく、格による形の変化はない。", "zh": "that只有主格和宾格两种，词形不因格而变化。" }, { "ja": "彼は格の高い役職に就いた。", "zh": "他担任了职位很高的职务。" }, { "ja": "文法では名詞の格を学ぶ。", "zh": "语法中学习名词的格。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9c29728f70", "JMdict ent_seq 1205270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9a5e462b55d310f7a5cbef50063d032ef5ea8bc534aa41a641bed548c5566e4d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0fc3c4aca9", "word": "核", "reading": "かく", "romaji": "kaku", "meanings": [ "nucleus", "kernel" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1205510, "examples": [ { "ja": "この核時代にあっては、世界中どこの国だって安全ではない。", "furigana": "この{核|かく}{時代|じだい}にあっては、{世界中|せかいじゅう}どこの{国|くに}だって{安全|あんぜん}ではない。", "en": "No country under the sun is safe in this nuclear age.", "tatoeba_id": 222614 }, { "ja": "細胞の核を観察する。", "en": "Observe the nucleus of a cell." }, { "ja": "この問題は議論の核である。", "en": "This issue is at the heart of the discussion." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4763f466834ea5685ea10b1b3ec050f85ad3e113af61dd376643237b689c7032", "meanings": [ "核心", "核" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この核時代にあっては、世界中どこの国だって安全ではない。", "zh": "在这个核时代，世界上任何国家都不安全。" }, { "ja": "細胞の核を観察する。", "zh": "观察细胞核。" }, { "ja": "この問題は議論の核である。", "zh": "这个问题是讨论的核心。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0fc3c4aca9", "JMdict ent_seq 1205510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a76c85175048d766145568b33354ccc551189fbf0164682d509fc5559af4616a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b913b671ea", "word": "角", "reading": "かく", "romaji": "kaku", "meanings": [ "angle", "bishop (shogi)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1206100, "examples": [ { "ja": "３角形のすべての角の和は１８０度に等しい。", "en": "The sum of all the angles in a triangle equals 180 degrees.", "tatoeba_id": 235339 }, { "ja": "フロントローラーのスラスト角は２度、多分レース時にはもう少し角度を強める予定です。", "en": "The front-roller thrust angle is 2 degrees, probably there were plans to strengthen that angle a little when racing.", "tatoeba_id": 76452 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8d77988a60d016ba44ca803730765fc6034646277840f61855ec5fc8fa4d97b7", "meanings": [ "角", "角行" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "３角形のすべての角の和は１８０度に等しい。", "zh": "三角形的内角之和等于180度。" }, { "ja": "フロントローラーのスラスト角は２度、多分レース時にはもう少し角度を強める予定です。", "zh": "前滚轮的推力角为两度，比赛时可能会调得更大一些。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b913b671ea", "JMdict ent_seq 1206100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9b68dbc2412f6acc1af0054806b2d3ba7beed20a8f267a819e46a2f61ded1d81", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "939c8fef9e", "word": "欠く", "reading": "かく", "romaji": "kaku", "meanings": [ "to lack", "to break", "to crack", "to chip" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1253900, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は人間としての感情を欠いていた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{人間|にんげん}としての{感情|かんじょう}を{欠|か}いていた。", "en": "He was devoid of human feeling.", "tatoeba_id": 103567 }, { "ja": "恩人に礼節を欠いてはなりませんよ。", "furigana": "{恩人|おんじん}に{礼節|れいせつ}を{欠|か}いてはなりませんよ。", "en": "You must not lack decorum dealing with your benefactors.", "tatoeba_id": 76316 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "640e741729c9346010278b568f8df5732b0b82ca81ef57e34f6f88c7f380e74c", "meanings": [ "缺少", "欠缺" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は人間としての感情を欠いていた。", "zh": "他缺乏作为人的感情。" }, { "ja": "恩人に礼節を欠いてはなりませんよ。", "zh": "对恩人不可失礼。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/939c8fef9e", "JMdict ent_seq 1253900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fa55d25e736ce2b9d305de6077a7bd9a0771e979c0cd76143340f077915aa522", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ca1ba3dd2f", "word": "学芸", "reading": "がくげい", "romaji": "gakugei", "meanings": [ "arts and sciences", "liberal arts" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1206720, "examples": [ { "ja": "学芸の発展に貢献した。", "en": "He contributed to the development of arts and sciences." }, { "ja": "学校で学芸の催しが開かれた。", "en": "An arts event was held at the school." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fc0ee5ea682ef9dabb47d85c585d80b222a0031f60c88be8f731e9e2f3c609ff", "meanings": [ "学艺", "文艺与科学" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "学芸の発展に貢献した。", "zh": "他为学艺的发展作出了贡献。" }, { "ja": "学校で学芸の催しが開かれた。", "zh": "学校举办了文艺活动。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ca1ba3dd2f", "JMdict ent_seq 1206720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a59c871f83d5e2be0df06456fce373adc96e64b7b080c2dcd5c80fb4766f2881", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1bd65ccbfc", "word": "格差", "reading": "かくさ", "romaji": "kakusa", "meanings": [ "qualitative difference", "disparity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1205340, "examples": [ { "ja": "裕福な人々と貧しい人々との格差はますます広がっている。", "en": "The gap between rich and poor is getting wider.", "tatoeba_id": 79212 }, { "ja": "地域による格差を減らしたい。", "en": "We want to reduce regional disparities." }, { "ja": "所得の格差が問題になっている。", "en": "Income disparity has become a problem." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c2241dee83e8fa6d14f5e3ccf38e914d8049c47e934d5eb24631f4dd0709922c", "meanings": [ "差距" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "裕福な人々と貧しい人々との格差はますます広がっている。", "zh": "富人与穷人的差距越来越大。" }, { "ja": "地域による格差を減らしたい。", "zh": "我们希望缩小地区差距。" }, { "ja": "所得の格差が問題になっている。", "zh": "收入差距成了问题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1bd65ccbfc", "JMdict ent_seq 1205340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e6e05031bdbd04045882a169426a05871e078c348e0e3cecc70f8d1965627d72", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "81d5fdffc8", "word": "拡散", "reading": "かくさん", "romaji": "kakusan", "meanings": [ "scattering", "diffusion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1205180, "examples": [ { "ja": "エイズウイルスの拡散は恐るべき速さで進んでいる。", "furigana": "エイズウイルスの{拡散|かくさん}は{恐|おそ}るべき{速|はや}さで{進|すす}んでいる。", "en": "The speed of the spread of AIDS is horrifyingly fast.", "tatoeba_id": 76841 }, { "ja": "科学者たちはエイズ・ウイルスの拡散をくい止めようと戦っています。", "en": "Scientists are fighting to stem the spread of the AIDS virus.", "tatoeba_id": 186849 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "77c96e5e365309c263f6c735e8e5b7e5b15a8d3b6ca794f668479c3a689c8f60", "meanings": [ "扩散", "传播" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "エイズウイルスの拡散は恐るべき速さで進んでいる。", "zh": "艾滋病毒正以可怕的速度扩散。" }, { "ja": "科学者たちはエイズ・ウイルスの拡散をくい止めようと戦っています。", "zh": "科学家们正在努力阻止艾滋病毒的传播。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/81d5fdffc8", "JMdict ent_seq 1205180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "54d575ed268ac953982410c35369cec351ac88216c81c086ebf7564b5ba6d6e4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "768e199110", "word": "学士", "reading": "がくし", "romaji": "gakushi", "meanings": [ "university graduate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1206760, "examples": [ { "ja": "大学で学士の学位を得た。", "en": "I earned a bachelor’s degree at university." }, { "ja": "彼は文学士である。", "en": "He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6cb64d0363a9d1d815ee97333a08b4ae9ee848ffe19a19fa7da86f95bf3cf3df", "meanings": [ "学士" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大学で学士の学位を得た。", "zh": "我在大学获得了学士学位。" }, { "ja": "彼は文学士である。", "zh": "他拥有文学学士学位。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/768e199110", "JMdict ent_seq 1206760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2ae520f50401756309e5fb48fd02a8a20fda9152e6b18a7063a4e60d7f79168c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7d0a45022f", "word": "各種", "reading": "かくしゅ", "romaji": "kakushu", "meanings": [ "every kind", "all sorts" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1205040, "examples": [ { "ja": "その店は各種ワインをたくさん在庫している。", "furigana": "その{店|みせ}は{各種|かくしゅ}ワインをたくさん{在庫|ざいこ}している。", "en": "The store has a large stock of wines.", "tatoeba_id": 207634 }, { "ja": "海は各種の資源を与えてくれる。", "furigana": "{海|うみ}は{各種|かくしゅ}の{資源|しげん}を{与|あた}えてくれる。", "en": "The ocean affords various kinds of resources.", "tatoeba_id": 185095 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "96c763a88b966696c4fd65c735bf384b8cb740b8cc9c604c53ede311b6915a47", "meanings": [ "各种" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その店は各種ワインをたくさん在庫している。", "zh": "那家店储存了许多各种各样的葡萄酒。" }, { "ja": "海は各種の資源を与えてくれる。", "zh": "海洋为我们提供各种资源。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7d0a45022f", "JMdict ent_seq 1205040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f25692d368098de0997f1fca57eb5f758c436fbbfa7838afee08b6ad7fd07f71", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bca7171d6e", "word": "隔週", "reading": "かくしゅう", "romaji": "kakushuu", "meanings": [ "every other week" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1607110, "examples": [ { "ja": "ミーティングは隔週でやってます。", "en": "Meetings are held every other week.", "tatoeba_id": 10758976 }, { "ja": "僕の親って別れてるから、父さんとは隔週の週末だけ一緒にいるんだ。", "en": "Because my parents are separated, I only get to see my dad every other weekend.", "tatoeba_id": 9621182 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "de96dd4fe0a9c423e52b7024e24380746e9fb83d934692a65ff3d73448cd2dd9", "meanings": [ "隔周" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ミーティングは隔週でやってます。", "zh": "会议每两周举行一次。" }, { "ja": "僕の親って別れてるから、父さんとは隔週の週末だけ一緒にいるんだ。", "zh": "我父母离异，所以我每隔一周的周末才和父亲在一起。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bca7171d6e", "JMdict ent_seq 1607110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5d2cc3725360ecf3a37f23106607f742177d2b38fb8cbdbac1f38aa6c062e8ab", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "764a72663e", "word": "確信", "reading": "かくしん", "romaji": "kakushin", "meanings": [ "conviction", "confidence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1205870, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は君の援助を確信している。", "en": "I am assured of your help.", "tatoeba_id": 157434 }, { "ja": "彼女は息子の成功を確信している。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{息子|むすこ}の{成功|せいこう}を{確信|かくしん}している。", "en": "She is confident of her son's success.", "tatoeba_id": 88114 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "63e18de80848939754df1d8eca29f4572d7a2679426317dc868b2774b9e31b53", "meanings": [ "确信", "坚信" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は君の援助を確信している。", "zh": "我确信会得到你的帮助。" }, { "ja": "彼女は息子の成功を確信している。", "zh": "她确信儿子会成功。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/764a72663e", "JMdict ent_seq 1205870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "83e69d3a2ff351f997eae0798a82a6fc36db729df85fc7775f95adcce2ac458b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9b8758c027", "word": "革新", "reading": "かくしん", "romaji": "kakushin", "meanings": [ "reform", "innovation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1206470, "examples": [ { "ja": "医学の革新は苦痛から私たちを取り除く最良の方法です。", "en": "Medical innovations are the best way to relieve us from sufferings.", "tatoeba_id": 2047946 }, { "ja": "技術革新が産業を変えた。", "en": "Technological innovation changed industry." }, { "ja": "教育の革新を目指す。", "en": "We aim to innovate in education." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "125f649b75268810ee13c9d9929416dece8e52bd4ad1fc2e94c6f8669957960f", "meanings": [ "革新", "创新" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "医学の革新は苦痛から私たちを取り除く最良の方法です。", "zh": "医学创新是帮助我们摆脱痛苦的最佳方法。" }, { "ja": "技術革新が産業を変えた。", "zh": "技术创新改变了产业。" }, { "ja": "教育の革新を目指す。", "zh": "我们致力于教育革新。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9b8758c027", "JMdict ent_seq 1206470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4015d43ad29f1d6852a6525a4e1f6a0f125ff2365a02cf8b6bbe7d3f48de82ef", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "645ccfe3be", "word": "学説", "reading": "がくせつ", "romaji": "gakusetsu", "meanings": [ "theory" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1206950, "examples": [ { "ja": "この学説は３部から成り立っている。", "furigana": "この{学説|がくせつ}は３{部|ぶ}から{成|な}り{立|た}っている。", "en": "This theory consists of three parts.", "tatoeba_id": 222594 }, { "ja": "彼はついにその学説を理解するにいたった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はついにその{学説|がくせつ}を{理解|りかい}するにいたった。", "en": "At length, he came to understand the theory.", "tatoeba_id": 111911 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3a4468bf986c277c1e3645ce4632dbc6df6b069f527f27a677b103ca29f7fe39", "meanings": [ "学说" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この学説は３部から成り立っている。", "zh": "这个学说由三部分组成。" }, { "ja": "彼はついにその学説を理解するにいたった。", "zh": "他终于理解了那个学说。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/645ccfe3be", "JMdict ent_seq 1206950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cb66e7d070d5816afff3491e6fad4d07153387e045e3361f3cfa1dc98944522d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5dd7bb9fa5", "word": "確定", "reading": "かくてい", "romaji": "kakutei", "meanings": [ "definition (math)", "decision", "settlement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1205880, "examples": [ { "ja": "月曜までに確定見積もりが必要です。", "en": "We need a firm quotation by Monday.", "tatoeba_id": 175605 }, { "ja": "彼がアメリカに行くのは、確定している。", "en": "It is definite that he will go to America.", "tatoeba_id": 121109 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4290a9281b61f14e4c34692cc18871e3980d3b9bf5293f24598e151872397ebb", "meanings": [ "确定", "敲定" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "月曜までに確定見積もりが必要です。", "zh": "周一之前需要确定报价。" }, { "ja": "彼がアメリカに行くのは、確定している。", "zh": "他去美国已经确定了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5dd7bb9fa5", "JMdict ent_seq 1205880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a4dbf5783a3c9fad90cf7b820b8bfcfc1edebe55217ac2574e94d4a6d4c6d15c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "829c94e4bb", "word": "カクテル", "reading": "カクテル", "romaji": "kakuteru", "meanings": [ "cocktail" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1037070, "examples": [ { "ja": "あのカクテルは甘くて飲みやすいよ。", "furigana": "あのカクテルは{甘|あま}くて{飲|の}みやすいよ。", "en": "That cocktail is sweet and easy to drink.", "tatoeba_id": 231352 }, { "ja": "キューバリブレはラム酒をベースにしたカクテルです。", "furigana": "キューバリブレはラム{酒|しゅ}をベースにしたカクテルです。", "en": "A Cuba Libre is a cocktail with a rum base.", "tatoeba_id": 192563 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "64983fdb86cd0af9ebc1f3bd406d2b2ce5f3470742112ef50e136f582e8d7211", "meanings": [ "鸡尾酒" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あのカクテルは甘くて飲みやすいよ。", "zh": "那款鸡尾酒甜甜的，很容易入口。" }, { "ja": "キューバリブレはラム酒をベースにしたカクテルです。", "zh": "自由古巴是以朗姆酒为基酒的鸡尾酒。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/829c94e4bb", "JMdict ent_seq 1037070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a7c70df87e7da39555c5d0a365baebdd72e8192cf81e991b3e735a5ab99dccb5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8dbc359e88", "word": "獲得", "reading": "かくとく", "romaji": "kakutoku", "meanings": [ "acquisition", "possession" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1205750, "examples": [ { "ja": "その子供達２人が賞を獲得した。", "en": "Both of the children won a prize.", "tatoeba_id": 210106 }, { "ja": "彼は勤勉によって賞を獲得した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{勤勉|きんべん}によって{賞|しょう}を{獲得|かくとく}した。", "en": "He gained the prize by dint of hard work.", "tatoeba_id": 108274 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d3788b49d159bdfc3804805bcfe2b2debfdb22a6925fac6ea830c2b3609a2456", "meanings": [ "获得", "取得" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その子供達２人が賞を獲得した。", "zh": "那两个孩子获奖了。" }, { "ja": "彼は勤勉によって賞を獲得した。", "zh": "他通过勤奋获得了奖项。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8dbc359e88", "JMdict ent_seq 1205750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "924ab0053538d81c1019b750f5f42a2ffe7ac4e4ec95980a06d17075f39bd9d5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0213bc7a8e", "word": "楽譜", "reading": "がくふ", "romaji": "gakufu", "meanings": [ "score (music)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1207490, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は楽譜なしにピアノを弾く。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{楽譜|がくふ}なしにピアノを{弾|ひ}く。", "en": "She plays the piano by ear.", "tatoeba_id": 89148 }, { "ja": "彼はピアノを楽譜なしで弾いた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はピアノを{楽譜|がくふ}なしで{弾|ひ}いた。", "en": "He played piano by ear.", "tatoeba_id": 111206 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "65114de7409e38592a9860b0dc65df55225959ffd0ca4d07a7477f3f872aa7a0", "meanings": [ "乐谱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は楽譜なしにピアノを弾く。", "zh": "她不用乐谱弹钢琴。" }, { "ja": "彼はピアノを楽譜なしで弾いた。", "zh": "他不用乐谱弹了钢琴。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0213bc7a8e", "JMdict ent_seq 1207490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a79b64ebb3636df1707a06a1252e87bb4f9bda7992fbea2e21f77cb5ba4a8b62", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9354298dbe", "word": "確保", "reading": "かくほ", "romaji": "kakuho", "meanings": [ "guarantee", "ensure", "maintain", "insure", "secure" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1205920, "examples": [ { "ja": "コロンブスはこの地方を確保した。", "furigana": "コロンブスはこの{地方|ちほう}を{確保|かくほ}した。", "en": "Columbus secured this region of interests.", "tatoeba_id": 217551 }, { "ja": "私はあなたに仕事を確保できる。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はあなたに{仕事|しごと}を{確保|かくほ}できる。", "en": "I can ensure a job for you.", "tatoeba_id": 161746 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "080fbcf977452a9ccb738395de9bfc85027a98d6079d380ee407339e72a9b857", "meanings": [ "确保", "获得" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "コロンブスはこの地方を確保した。", "zh": "哥伦布控制了这个地区。" }, { "ja": "私はあなたに仕事を確保できる。", "zh": "我能为你确保一份工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9354298dbe", "JMdict ent_seq 1205920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5469688196fd605eb98bceaebf48b9711e91167b39bc225419a9277e2fa8e11f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "af4552502c", "word": "革命", "reading": "かくめい", "romaji": "kakumei", "meanings": [ "revolution" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1206500, "examples": [ { "ja": "鉄道はある種の革命を引き起こした。", "en": "The railroad provoked a kind of revolution.", "tatoeba_id": 125229 }, { "ja": "飛行機は旅行に革命をもたらした。", "furigana": "{飛行機|ひこうき}は{旅行|りょこう}に{革命|かくめい}をもたらした。", "en": "The airplane has brought about a revolution in travel.", "tatoeba_id": 85602 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bee7d2109f7a3a6c382504eb1164ccbb55eb9ad16312933fec034c2da6c41595", "meanings": [ "革命" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "鉄道はある種の革命を引き起こした。", "zh": "铁路引发了某种革命。" }, { "ja": "飛行機は旅行に革命をもたらした。", "zh": "飞机给旅行带来了革命。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/af4552502c", "JMdict ent_seq 1206500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f0d1cc34213c6fb4fd9db46e617a00825b853fab56837fb144772e5d00f51b4b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4c51a40f31", "word": "確立", "reading": "かくりつ", "romaji": "kakuritsu", "meanings": [ "establishment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1206030, "examples": [ { "ja": "保安官は、その町の秩序を確立した。", "furigana": "{保安官|ほあんかん}は、その{町|まち}の{秩序|ちつじょ}を{確立|かくりつ}した。", "en": "The sheriff established order in the town.", "tatoeba_id": 83247 }, { "ja": "彼は原住民との友好関係を確立した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{原住民|げんじゅうみん}との{友好関係|ゆうこうかんけい}を{確立|かくりつ}した。", "en": "He established a friendly relationship with the natives.", "tatoeba_id": 107632 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b7acec79e1a2402277cb86ffdfcacfd8b093766db5a08b9d9f1ea77db42a16d4", "meanings": [ "确立", "建立" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "保安官は、その町の秩序を確立した。", "zh": "治安官在镇上确立了秩序。" }, { "ja": "彼は原住民との友好関係を確立した。", "zh": "他与原住民建立了友好关系。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4c51a40f31", "JMdict ent_seq 1206030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ab6e0b049d001d6408cdba86e03c96a907b62409574a7001d6c49b33945e204a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6714738f83", "word": "学歴", "reading": "がくれき", "romaji": "gakureki", "meanings": [ "academic background" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1207200, "examples": [ { "ja": "給料は、経験と学歴に基づいて決まります。", "furigana": "{給料|きゅうりょう}は、{経験|けいけん}と{学歴|がくれき}に{基|もと}づいて{決|き}まります。", "en": "Pay will be based on experience and educational background.", "tatoeba_id": 182350 }, { "ja": "彼は学歴を鼻にかけている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{学歴|がくれき}を{鼻|はな}にかけている。", "en": "He boasts of his education.", "tatoeba_id": 108819 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6bff3bd96bd440d61c86e4b2cd5d8bce8c4906bc08f12b54f3c325276941ba41", "meanings": [ "学历" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "給料は、経験と学歴に基づいて決まります。", "zh": "工资根据经验和学历决定。" }, { "ja": "彼は学歴を鼻にかけている。", "zh": "他以自己的学历自傲。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6714738f83", "JMdict ent_seq 1207200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e50b7a175c42d38e255895fed81bbe9e920289db837df80fde448583a902e2a5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f0b5d3fde5", "word": "掛け", "reading": "かけ", "romaji": "kake", "meanings": [ "credit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1207600, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は上着をコート掛けにかけた。", "en": "He hung his coat on a hook.", "tatoeba_id": 2295521 }, { "ja": "長くつき合うには掛けは禁物。", "en": "Short accounts make long friends.", "tatoeba_id": 125910 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d18a5210b471e198e31424639237cc2eb99c7b2712096e4b507c54bea2510f31", "meanings": [ "赊账", "挂钩" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は上着をコート掛けにかけた。", "zh": "他把外套挂在衣架上。" }, { "ja": "長くつき合うには掛けは禁物。", "zh": "要想长期交往，赊账是大忌。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f0b5d3fde5", "JMdict ent_seq 1207600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f4e0e21594b8681708d82368ebf90f2564af6e76b14aa96f5743995153602432", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "掛け可指赊账，也可作衣架等支架的后缀。" } }, { "id": "5b0b01155c", "word": "賭け", "reading": "かけ", "romaji": "kake", "meanings": [ "betting", "gambling", "a gamble" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1590040, "examples": [ { "ja": "会社の賭けはうまくいきました。", "furigana": "{会社|かいしゃ}の{賭|か}けはうまくいきました。", "en": "The company's gamble paid off.", "tatoeba_id": 185267 }, { "ja": "賭け率２対１でレッズが勝つだろう。", "furigana": "{賭|か}け{率|りつ}２{対|たい}１でレッズが{勝|か}つだろう。", "en": "The odds are two-to-one that the Reds win.", "tatoeba_id": 124587 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0175bfaed61fdbde5fe2add51fa7975d05f3d330c6029247ef8e1766529e7841", "meanings": [ "赌博", "赌注" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "会社の賭けはうまくいきました。", "zh": "公司的这场赌注成功了。" }, { "ja": "賭け率２対１でレッズが勝つだろう。", "zh": "赔率二比一，红队会赢吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5b0b01155c", "JMdict ent_seq 1590040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f0c8313b137fa310a67215b674c33bd66ecc174f3f0ecbdc7cea2724d85220df", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c5d3aaf44b", "word": "崖", "reading": "がけ", "romaji": "gake", "meanings": [ "cliff" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1204380, "examples": [ { "ja": "その崖は道路の上に突き出ている。", "furigana": "その{崖|がけ}は{道路|どうろ}の{上|うえ}に{突|つ}き{出|で}ている。", "en": "The cliff hangs over the road.", "tatoeba_id": 211693 }, { "ja": "彼らは、崖のてっぺんまで登った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは、{崖|がけ}のてっぺんまで{登|のぼ}った。", "en": "They climbed to the top of a cliff.", "tatoeba_id": 98351 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4c088a3b25aa3e22ddf79df762a46a6c5959d922ecfc17491124d2b26eb272d7", "meanings": [ "悬崖" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その崖は道路の上に突き出ている。", "zh": "那处悬崖伸出到道路上方。" }, { "ja": "彼らは、崖のてっぺんまで登った。", "zh": "他们爬到了悬崖顶部。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c5d3aaf44b", "JMdict ent_seq 1204380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7386daa9c0c9bed5eb187e705225429c1377818da447ac11a379323d4dc1f7af", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "661af4249f", "word": "駆け足", "reading": "かけあし", "romaji": "kakeashi", "meanings": [ "running fast", "double time" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1244800, "examples": [ { "ja": "トムは駆け足で階段を上っていった。", "en": "Tom ran up the stairs.", "tatoeba_id": 2774229 }, { "ja": "駆け足で駅へ向かった。", "en": "I ran toward the station." }, { "ja": "兵士たちは駆け足で進んだ。", "en": "The soldiers advanced at a run." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "62edd179f5782c67e7ab2c9e71a40b972170c982c5bcf007a0e3f0383cc0b7a1", "meanings": [ "跑步", "快跑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "トムは駆け足で階段を上っていった。", "zh": "汤姆跑上了楼梯。" }, { "ja": "駆け足で駅へ向かった。", "zh": "我跑向车站。" }, { "ja": "兵士たちは駆け足で進んだ。", "zh": "士兵们快跑前进。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/661af4249f", "JMdict ent_seq 1244800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "31c5fb492df685eee0a7bea0cf232069744479acf2da913b69b0697bbfb5cfe1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "50a82211b1", "word": "家計", "reading": "かけい", "romaji": "kakei", "meanings": [ "household economy", "family finances" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1191910, "examples": [ { "ja": "我が家の家計は赤字だ。", "furigana": "{我|わ}が{家|や}の{家計|かけい}は{赤字|あかじ}だ。", "en": "Our family budget is in the red.", "tatoeba_id": 186439 }, { "ja": "物価の高騰が家計を圧迫している。", "furigana": "{物価|ぶっか}の{高騰|こうとう}が{家計|かけい}を{圧迫|あっぱく}している。", "en": "The rise in prices is pressing our family budget.", "tatoeba_id": 83800 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "76b35d23e7955f49e64a37a4289906c730e6415319dc6393ee236cfc6ea2556e", "meanings": [ "家庭经济", "家计" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "我が家の家計は赤字だ。", "zh": "我家的收支是赤字。" }, { "ja": "物価の高騰が家計を圧迫している。", "zh": "物价高涨给家庭开支带来压力。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/50a82211b1", "JMdict ent_seq 1191910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b7dcef6ea5822625c0377a2242578d8a31f33de9ab70b05b14360acba4a111e1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ee23d690d0", "word": "ヶ月", "reading": "かげつ", "romaji": "kagetsu", "meanings": [ "counter for months" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1194480, "examples": [ { "ja": "６ヶ月後私たちは結婚した。", "furigana": "６{ヶ月|かげつ}{後|ご}{私|わたし}たちは{結婚|けっこん}した。", "en": "Six months later we were married.", "tatoeba_id": 235082 }, { "ja": "昨年彼は航海で３か月を過ごした。", "en": "Last year, he spent three months at sea.", "tatoeba_id": 169758 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f85821b88fb8fb185ee308267a54cbcb366149d1504e1b0992d53b3af0272b99", "meanings": [ "个月" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "６ヶ月後私たちは結婚した。", "zh": "六个月后我们结婚了。" }, { "ja": "昨年彼は航海で３か月を過ごした。", "zh": "去年他花了三个月航海。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ee23d690d0", "JMdict ent_seq 1194480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3c1239d97cd1ba72f441e477f09d43d830c86736323f7b6cac456c3d4e2d7d54", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cfb357ec03", "word": "駆けっこ", "reading": "かけっこ", "romaji": "kakekko", "meanings": [ "(foot) race" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1244710, "examples": [ { "ja": "居酒屋まで駆けっこしましょう！", "en": "Let's race to the Izakaya!", "tatoeba_id": 408785 }, { "ja": "あいつと駆けっこしたんだ。", "en": "I had a race with him.", "tatoeba_id": 10665104 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1b6a42296d1f05a7d557acc9b754eb55debc08cbca32f0fa6308cd4e231753be", "meanings": [ "赛跑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "居酒屋まで駆けっこしましょう！", "zh": "我们比赛跑到居酒屋吧！" }, { "ja": "あいつと駆けっこしたんだ。", "zh": "我和那家伙赛跑了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cfb357ec03", "JMdict ent_seq 1244710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1f9e88f6cff608fb68e62095a044b094f8e5a5d982d99b83da3e3dde49d41f5c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b5f8d282d1", "word": "駆ける", "reading": "かける", "romaji": "kakeru", "meanings": [ "to run (race, esp. horse)", "to gallop", "to canter" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1244720, "examples": [ { "ja": "ぱたぱたと足跡を立てて、エントランスへと駆けてゆく。", "en": "With a pitter-patter of footsteps she runs off to the entrance.", "tatoeba_id": 75490 }, { "ja": "少年が私に向かって駆けてきた。", "en": "A boy came running toward me.", "tatoeba_id": 146550 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4483eb791218fca0b867fa574fad7876a1f9335a0903884e82c5d7d13575fd5f", "meanings": [ "跑", "奔驰" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ぱたぱたと足跡を立てて、エントランスへと駆けてゆく。", "zh": "脚步啪嗒啪嗒地跑向入口。" }, { "ja": "少年が私に向かって駆けてきた。", "zh": "一个男孩朝我跑来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b5f8d282d1", "JMdict ent_seq 1244720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "72c9da5e30e8013458f6bb26ac7deb26ce08d5befe1903713d15e2ff35ae8c7f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7860c45396", "word": "賭ける", "reading": "かける", "romaji": "kakeru", "meanings": [ "to wager", "to bet", "to risk", "to stake", "to gamble" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1444840, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はその馬に５ポンド賭けた。", "en": "I bet five pounds on the horse.", "tatoeba_id": 159914 }, { "ja": "僕ならその馬に賭けたりはしない。", "furigana": "{僕|ぼく}ならその{馬|うま}に{賭|か}けたりはしない。", "en": "I wouldn't bet on that horse if I were you.", "tatoeba_id": 82381 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6fb8cce4cd91512aed859df0b4d3ee27857f1f9b7b156148e969249060d49ea8", "meanings": [ "下注", "打赌" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はその馬に５ポンド賭けた。", "zh": "我在那匹马上押了五英镑。" }, { "ja": "僕ならその馬に賭けたりはしない。", "zh": "换作我不会押那匹马。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7860c45396", "JMdict ent_seq 1444840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7c12c0a0800d182e5433cdfb93529372dc656400aa728bf5a1bb37ac72e1c1fc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "27629e72c4", "word": "加工", "reading": "かこう", "romaji": "kakou", "meanings": [ "manufacturing", "processing", "treatment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1190120, "examples": [ { "ja": "イチゴは加工されてジャムになります。", "furigana": "イチゴは{加工|かこう}されてジャムになります。", "en": "Strawberries are made into jam.", "tatoeba_id": 229061 }, { "ja": "ミルクはバターに加工される。", "furigana": "ミルクはバターに{加工|かこう}される。", "en": "Milk is made into butter.", "tatoeba_id": 195045 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "11ed6ed6729f3e31a03698a27b6884c54c058d7987718bce45d7d50b7d0c331b", "meanings": [ "加工" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "イチゴは加工されてジャムになります。", "zh": "草莓被加工成果酱。" }, { "ja": "ミルクはバターに加工される。", "zh": "牛奶被加工成黄油。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/27629e72c4", "JMdict ent_seq 1190120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a21b005f319a67a51e2d5f4f27a99034e28af9b574998ba3f3a02ddeb7263672", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f1aeb32800", "word": "化合", "reading": "かごう", "romaji": "kagou", "meanings": [ "chemical combination" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1186980, "examples": [ { "ja": "水素と酸素が化合して水ができる。", "en": "Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water." }, { "ja": "二つの元素が化合する。", "en": "Two elements combine chemically." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "faf655d9a79fbe28ab610010628b90ad19e20e89b80b01822a31dfd58320dc1c", "meanings": [ "化合" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "水素と酸素が化合して水ができる。", "zh": "氢和氧化合生成水。" }, { "ja": "二つの元素が化合する。", "zh": "两种元素发生化合。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f1aeb32800", "JMdict ent_seq 1186980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8b60badd43aba4fcee4f6c561ca3321e8f5d2577fe2edd808bff85dccbd8281d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0830cb0b68", "word": "風車", "reading": "かざぐるま", "romaji": "kazaguruma", "meanings": [ "windmill", "pinwheel" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1583710, "examples": [ { "ja": "オランダを訪問するまで、風車を見たことがなかった。", "en": "I had never seen a windmill until I visited the Netherlands.", "tatoeba_id": 227473 }, { "ja": "オランダでは、どこへ行っても風車が見られる。", "en": "Go where you will in Holland, you will see windmills.", "tatoeba_id": 227475 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4500730e150ffe753caab63e05cde5528bd23ca95e5b794fb4628d88ef876584", "meanings": [ "风车" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "オランダを訪問するまで、風車を見たことがなかった。", "zh": "去荷兰之前，我没见过风车。" }, { "ja": "オランダでは、どこへ行っても風車が見られる。", "zh": "在荷兰无论到哪里都能看到风车。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0830cb0b68", "JMdict ent_seq 1583710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f8628663bc052ed7a18e19fc9e3f4edc9eb72cd19e970e91cdc18394ac9d784f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b3f3b18c7d", "word": "嵩張る", "reading": "かさばる", "romaji": "kasabaru", "meanings": [ "to be bulky", "to be unwieldy", "to grow voluminous" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1372890, "examples": [ { "ja": "この箱はかさばりすぎて運べない。", "furigana": "この{箱|はこ}はかさばりすぎて{運|はこ}べない。", "en": "This box is too bulky to carry.", "tatoeba_id": 220184 }, { "ja": "箱のまま持ってくると嵩張るから、袋に入れ替えて持ってきたんだ。", "furigana": "{箱|はこ}のまま{持|も}ってくると{嵩張|かさば}るから、{袋|ふくろ}に{入|い}れ{替|か}えて{持|も}ってきたんだ。", "en": "The box was too big and awkward, so I put these in a bag and brought them.", "tatoeba_id": 121372 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0e81ca02c3d3dfb325ae4f4ad2f00626e844b3faf84f1ace8fd5becdc9d05915", "meanings": [ "占地方", "体积大" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この箱はかさばりすぎて運べない。", "zh": "这个箱子太大，搬不了。" }, { "ja": "箱のまま持ってくると嵩張るから、袋に入れ替えて持ってきたんだ。", "zh": "连箱子带来太占地方，所以换成袋子带来了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b3f3b18c7d", "JMdict ent_seq 1372890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7368589950f14b217710663079c51dd99b80be876c61a7da83c3313d93b0490e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "10e649caaa", "word": "嵩む", "reading": "かさむ", "romaji": "kasamu", "meanings": [ "to pile up", "to increase" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1372880, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は借財がかさんでいた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{借財|しゃくざい}がかさんでいた。", "en": "His debts were piling up.", "tatoeba_id": 104609 }, { "ja": "旅行の費用がかさんだ。", "en": "Travel expenses mounted." }, { "ja": "出費がかさんで貯金できない。", "en": "Expenses have piled up, so I cannot save." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2d4ba7d25fb7f01abbdeeeea9aa8067ff442f83ddaa16db33185ee9021e10915", "meanings": [ "增加", "积累" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は借財がかさんでいた。", "zh": "他的债务越积越多。" }, { "ja": "旅行の費用がかさんだ。", "zh": "旅行费用增加了。" }, { "ja": "出費がかさんで貯金できない。", "zh": "开支不断增加，无法存钱。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/10e649caaa", "JMdict ent_seq 1372880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7bebaf00fc23af48b7296bd6e0744973ed212b93cfbe0b989e066f128312161d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "904529718c", "word": "華奢", "reading": "かしゃ", "romaji": "kasha", "meanings": [ "luxury", "pomp", "delicate", "slender", "gorgeous" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2764440, "examples": [ { "ja": "華奢な暮らしを戒めた。", "en": "He cautioned against a lavish lifestyle." }, { "ja": "華奢な装飾を好んだ。", "en": "She favored lavish decoration." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "19addbe0efe29af93c029f6280812c2477843db7918f122d3eae2e2a2801be84", "meanings": [ "豪华", "奢华" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "華奢な暮らしを戒めた。", "zh": "他告诫人们不要生活奢华。" }, { "ja": "華奢な装飾を好んだ。", "zh": "她喜欢奢华的装饰。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/904529718c", "JMdict ent_seq 2764440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b73e3a98a5be0b61b585b035007239bffe52f9a97b00dd0eeae4e5b84ecf2e48", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4641b96f3b", "word": "箇所", "reading": "かしょ", "romaji": "kasho", "meanings": [ "passage", "place", "point", "part" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1590250, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はスキー中に２箇所も骨折した。", "en": "I broke my leg in two places during a skiing mishap.", "tatoeba_id": 160559 }, { "ja": "この湖はこの箇所が一番深い。", "en": "The lake is deepest at this point.", "tatoeba_id": 222032 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "10a9fa3d266f58e843a283c5e7fe2e3796dd7e99d99f1f0597cdd3f2e613c4d8", "meanings": [ "地方", "处" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はスキー中に２箇所も骨折した。", "zh": "我滑雪时两处骨折。" }, { "ja": "この湖はこの箇所が一番深い。", "zh": "这个湖在这里最深。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4641b96f3b", "JMdict ent_seq 1590250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0587049dce5c6a3c7a2a8460060664e9f6ec167f67d41d7d887bdaa303869c01", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "35398ed297", "word": "火傷", "reading": "かしょう", "romaji": "kashou", "meanings": [ "burn", "scald" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 2859761, "examples": [ { "ja": "熱湯による火傷の治療を受けた。", "en": "I received treatment for a burn caused by hot water." }, { "ja": "火傷の程度を医師が確認した。", "en": "A doctor checked the severity of the burn." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e0b5289574ba13edd3976bcec972c8666475bb502070bdc7f8c3041fb72ee9bb", "meanings": [ "烧伤", "烫伤" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "熱湯による火傷の治療を受けた。", "zh": "我因热水烫伤接受了治疗。" }, { "ja": "火傷の程度を医師が確認した。", "zh": "医生检查了烧伤程度。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/35398ed297", "JMdict ent_seq 2859761; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "348c41f13e19b778a4a42cb37b579cc933a57bcdb1662859df5e513335ed05fe", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c283e8c6ea", "word": "箇条書き", "reading": "かじょうがき", "romaji": "kajougaki", "meanings": [ "itemized form", "itemization" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1590280, "examples": [ { "ja": "必要な物を箇条書きにする。", "en": "List the necessary items in bullet points." }, { "ja": "要点を箇条書きでまとめた。", "en": "I summarized the main points in a list." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7ac5072c47d22eeaf0c6be4a750612c2f755f876ed80ed123c340759cc1db6bb", "meanings": [ "分条列举" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "必要な物を箇条書きにする。", "zh": "把需要的东西逐条列出来。" }, { "ja": "要点を箇条書きでまとめた。", "zh": "我把要点分条整理了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c283e8c6ea", "JMdict ent_seq 1590280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b6f65a64b4996efd66b146403de2f0ffb989628cde2c918534ed8f3e9ebbb39a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "807c84bfa5", "word": "微か", "reading": "かすか", "romaji": "kasuka", "meanings": [ "faint", "dim", "weak", "indistinct", "hazy", "poor", "wretched" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1590290, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はかすかに微笑んだ。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はかすかに{微笑|ほほえ}んだ。", "en": "I smiled faintly.", "tatoeba_id": 161206 }, { "ja": "すぐそばでかすかな音がした。", "en": "I heard a faint sound nearby.", "tatoeba_id": 214974 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2e7e6f478a04f7e2c1e21f83f9aa24bccd879cd638499d0b0d96aad2e77e7356", "meanings": [ "微弱", "模糊" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はかすかに微笑んだ。", "zh": "我微微一笑。" }, { "ja": "すぐそばでかすかな音がした。", "zh": "很近的地方传来微弱的声音。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/807c84bfa5", "JMdict ent_seq 1590290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bb86703d6d28094a14baef3e5ce5c059e0a3e8d3308d3dec4a485ba01b5758f8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6f92f7e305", "word": "霞む", "reading": "かすむ", "romaji": "kasumu", "meanings": [ "to grow hazy", "to be misty" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1196520, "examples": [ { "ja": "空はどんよりとした冬の陰にかすんでいる。", "furigana": "{空|そら}はどんよりとした{冬|ふゆ}の{陰|かげ}にかすんでいる。", "en": "The sky is a hazy shade of winter.", "tatoeba_id": 179429 }, { "ja": "彼の目は年のせいでかすんでいる。", "en": "His eyes are dim with age.", "tatoeba_id": 115983 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5e541336ad4416937ae573717715a795e019a0588fb515cdf82db27cd0487276", "meanings": [ "朦胧", "模糊" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "空はどんよりとした冬の陰にかすんでいる。", "zh": "天空笼罩在阴沉的冬日阴影中，显得朦胧。" }, { "ja": "彼の目は年のせいでかすんでいる。", "zh": "他的眼睛因年老而模糊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6f92f7e305", "JMdict ent_seq 1196520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d042be0875685613f6a769ff27511c45e169b18774ec9753e1687b00bfbfa253", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a5a7b2d6d5", "word": "化する", "reading": "かする", "romaji": "kasuru", "meanings": [ "to change into", "to convert into", "to transform", "to be reduced", "to influence", "to improve (someone)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vs-s", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1186740, "examples": [ { "ja": "データ化して、壁紙も作ってある。", "en": "I also digitized it and made a desktop image.", "tatoeba_id": 76543 }, { "ja": "野球人でこれほど神格化された男もいない。", "en": "No baseball player has been as deified as this man.", "tatoeba_id": 74342 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4068d29135ceb6d9c4cff450dd895afe7a395d68e53019fff2d6b41b5a5d0129", "meanings": [ "变化为", "化" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "データ化して、壁紙も作ってある。", "zh": "数据化后，还制作了壁纸。" }, { "ja": "野球人でこれほど神格化された男もいない。", "zh": "棒球界没有人被这样神化过。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a5a7b2d6d5", "JMdict ent_seq 1186740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "145e9725eb607804ef82c0305a71b1ab0027daaf6c5bb800a060bf43977af778", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6ba1bae967", "word": "擦る", "reading": "かする", "romaji": "kasuru", "meanings": [ "to touch lightly", "to take a percentage (from)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1636530, "examples": [ { "ja": "こうじはついていた。交通事故でたった車のサイドをちょっとかすっただけだった。", "furigana": "こうじはついていた。{交通事故|こうつうじこ}でたった{車|くるま}のサイドをちょっとかすっただけだった。", "en": "Kouji was lucky; his traffic accident left only a minor scratch on the side of his car.", "tatoeba_id": 224998 }, { "ja": "車はフェンスをかすって傷がついた。", "en": "The car brushed the fence and got scratched.", "tatoeba_id": 149005 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e6989f8bb315b46aff9c790a4bd620a17f0f3026e79baa46fd2f9b71d3123e4e", "meanings": [ "擦过", "掠过" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "こうじはついていた。交通事故でたった車のサイドをちょっとかすっただけだった。", "zh": "幸好他运气好，交通事故中车子只轻轻擦到了侧面。" }, { "ja": "車はフェンスをかすって傷がついた。", "zh": "车擦过围栏，留下了伤痕。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6ba1bae967", "JMdict ent_seq 1636530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b1191afac3455794bc4df051a554249f096a48f27fc5dc3aabe53c7adf532ef3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f5120815d3", "word": "火星", "reading": "かせい", "romaji": "kasei", "meanings": [ "Mars (planet)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1194060, "examples": [ { "ja": "火星には生物の形跡はない。", "furigana": "{火星|かせい}には{生物|せいぶつ}の{形跡|けいせき}はない。", "en": "There is no sign of life on Mars.", "tatoeba_id": 186655 }, { "ja": "火星には生き物がいるのだろうか。", "furigana": "{火星|かせい}には{生|い}き{物|もの}がいるのだろうか。", "en": "Is there any life on Mars?", "tatoeba_id": 186657 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "dc5d7763d991a6d104ab3654b7fdd94bdc8c2f7eb1e77dedc61c534daff05018", "meanings": [ "火星" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "火星には生物の形跡はない。", "zh": "火星上没有生命的迹象。" }, { "ja": "火星には生き物がいるのだろうか。", "zh": "火星上有生物吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f5120815d3", "JMdict ent_seq 1194060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7b5b6aad512caf1e14d60aef8b45e2732430b315fe887568e08deac15a68e5e7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5b0765a40d", "word": "化石", "reading": "かせき", "romaji": "kaseki", "meanings": [ "fossil", "petrifaction", "fossilization" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1187210, "examples": [ { "ja": "私が手にしてるのは貝の化石です。", "en": "What I have in my hand is a fossil seashell.", "tatoeba_id": 167691 }, { "ja": "まるで化石みたいな人間だわ。", "furigana": "まるで{化石|かせき}みたいな{人間|にんげん}だわ。", "en": "He is a living fossil!", "tatoeba_id": 195151 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "61e435e4d176c0a425884b39a47fa249064927f4e721b044de7158c33da8c470", "meanings": [ "化石" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私が手にしてるのは貝の化石です。", "zh": "我手里拿着的是贝壳化石。" }, { "ja": "まるで化石みたいな人間だわ。", "zh": "真是像化石一样的人啊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5b0765a40d", "JMdict ent_seq 1187210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ab9d5321e464250126e4576d76f71f75582053905005271da772aee99e5c2cb8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fc3ea58ad0", "word": "化繊", "reading": "かせん", "romaji": "kasen", "meanings": [ "synthetic fibres" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1187250, "examples": [ { "ja": "この服は化繊でできている。", "en": "These clothes are made of synthetic fibers." }, { "ja": "化繊と綿を混ぜた布を使う。", "en": "Use fabric made from a blend of synthetic fiber and cotton." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8102b46882f8ae764d0e1fc988f908ef63ea198de6683c570f7a22c6a135a64f", "meanings": [ "化学纤维" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この服は化繊でできている。", "zh": "这件衣服是化纤制的。" }, { "ja": "化繊と綿を混ぜた布を使う。", "zh": "使用化纤与棉混纺的布。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fc3ea58ad0", "JMdict ent_seq 1187250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3712653e8c7bc4ff32e68a82534d0ed9cb59ea05bd0c8251c3a0f94366e3b0d8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9f60aaa2a3", "word": "河川", "reading": "かせん", "romaji": "kasen", "meanings": [ "rivers" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1193520, "examples": [ { "ja": "河川は豪雨で氾濫しました。", "furigana": "{河川|かせん}は{豪雨|ごうう}で{氾濫|はんらん}しました。", "en": "The rivers were flooded by the heavy rain.", "tatoeba_id": 186771 }, { "ja": "日本の多くの河川は工場の廃液で汚染されている。", "en": "Many rivers in Japan are polluted by waste water from factories.", "tatoeba_id": 122567 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "88f59ccfb9df287a0b309d30a14842f345d22ad7bf98d0e26ab1bc9f8e151c52", "meanings": [ "河流" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "河川は豪雨で氾濫しました。", "zh": "河流因暴雨泛滥。" }, { "ja": "日本の多くの河川は工場の廃液で汚染されている。", "zh": "日本的许多河流被工厂废液污染。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9f60aaa2a3", "JMdict ent_seq 1193520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d86a7b4d31d236838411a9187e03b596ef019a105b4e93c66107ce24dba51be0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "deed4a1ac8", "word": "過疎", "reading": "かそ", "romaji": "kaso", "meanings": [ "depopulation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1196220, "examples": [ { "ja": "過疎が進む地域を支援する。", "en": "Support areas experiencing depopulation." }, { "ja": "村の過疎が深刻になった。", "en": "Depopulation in the village became severe." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2778a3c9bc239df0a0e5cd1ec168304566213e4c5e32643e70a82d19146d60da", "meanings": [ "人口稀少", "人口流失" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "過疎が進む地域を支援する。", "zh": "支持人口流失的地区。" }, { "ja": "村の過疎が深刻になった。", "zh": "村庄人口流失变得严重。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/deed4a1ac8", "JMdict ent_seq 1196220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3a00e76e8214c36348047e9df93a660e3fd4b8d9745f840055dbc5047ab16ae4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "af871ac284", "word": "過多", "reading": "かた", "romaji": "kata", "meanings": [ "excess", "superabundance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1196230, "examples": [ { "ja": "情報過多で判断に迷う。", "en": "Information overload makes it hard to decide." }, { "ja": "供給過多で価格が下がった。", "en": "Prices fell because of oversupply." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "df0d679fd58af0d58f03b81d22796ddd600f8d87a453e5a086c5e31d3f16e315", "meanings": [ "过多" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "情報過多で判断に迷う。", "zh": "信息过多让人难以判断。" }, { "ja": "供給過多で価格が下がった。", "zh": "供应过剩导致价格下降。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/af871ac284", "JMdict ent_seq 1196230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1075a23ac599fe31ff7c9d6bbf310cf7016f1b2b5ff87436be3fd1b79fb45e7e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "712db68fb8", "word": "難い", "reading": "かたい", "romaji": "katai", "meanings": [ "difficult", "hard" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1582640, "examples": [ { "ja": "これは始末の難い問題だ。", "furigana": "これは{始末|しまつ}の{難|かた}い{問題|もんだい}だ。", "en": "This is a difficult problem to solve.", "tatoeba_id": 218390 }, { "ja": "説明し難い気持ちだ。", "en": "It is a feeling that is hard to explain." }, { "ja": "忘れ難い経験になった。", "en": "It became an unforgettable experience." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "49717778d1fbed3eacc3901cd4e0be05e5aadd2f247fefe613980ff862398bda", "meanings": [ "难以" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これは始末の難い問題だ。", "zh": "这是个难以处理的问题。" }, { "ja": "説明し難い気持ちだ。", "zh": "这是难以解释的心情。" }, { "ja": "忘れ難い経験になった。", "zh": "那成了一次难忘的经历。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/712db68fb8", "JMdict ent_seq 1582640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "60ac51ff09d559cec14748259e271b8b63e355d66741a5cae22f0862ed284f22", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f61f8da3d3", "word": "課題", "reading": "かだい", "romaji": "kadai", "meanings": [ "subject", "theme", "task" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1195820, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はとうとうこの課題を終えた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はとうとうこの{課題|かだい}を{終|お}えた。", "en": "At last, I finished this homework.", "tatoeba_id": 159349 }, { "ja": "その学生は自分の課題に専念した。", "furigana": "その{学生|がくせい}は{自分|じぶん}の{課題|かだい}に{専念|せんねん}した。", "en": "The student concentrated on his subject.", "tatoeba_id": 211629 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3bdff85ed9539c8c0a4036d1ea9ba1bfc16443adcc3a25df5766440d3172b047", "meanings": [ "课题", "任务" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はとうとうこの課題を終えた。", "zh": "我终于完成了这个任务。" }, { "ja": "その学生は自分の課題に専念した。", "zh": "那位学生专心做自己的课题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f61f8da3d3", "JMdict ent_seq 1195820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a6896653ca611043e4160c55496aabce742505b4a92870b89800e2705cb9e051", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9f4f812711", "word": "片思い", "reading": "かたおもい", "romaji": "kataomoi", "meanings": [ "unrequited love" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1590350, "examples": [ { "ja": "それは片思いの恋だった。", "furigana": "それは{片思|かたおも}いの{恋|こい}だった。", "en": "It was a one-sided love affair.", "tatoeba_id": 204871 }, { "ja": "スタンはリズに昔から片思いしてきた。", "furigana": "スタンはリズに{昔|むかし}から{片思|かたおも}いしてきた。", "en": "Stan has always carried a torch for Liz.", "tatoeba_id": 214674 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4c030023a0f325e3423c3d8073a6f10e17d7b56fd671319c14e1f0fb2e5c9e47", "meanings": [ "单恋" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それは片思いの恋だった。", "zh": "那是一场单恋。" }, { "ja": "スタンはリズに昔から片思いしてきた。", "zh": "斯坦一直暗恋莉兹。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9f4f812711", "JMdict ent_seq 1590350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "95039c6c4e148b8cd1b72da487710fc2cf086241d801b4fc0a74aeef71a3c505", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a63d59c119", "word": "敵", "reading": "かたき", "romaji": "kataki", "meanings": [ "enemy", "rival" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n-suf", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1577915, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は長年の敵と向き合った。", "en": "He faced his longtime rival." }, { "ja": "敵に備えて守りを固める。", "en": "Strengthen defenses against the enemy." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2961b953e45ebed6d66832e2fb3e035aa54111d40be56acd37bf98f76eb62e15", "meanings": [ "敌人", "对手" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は長年の敵と向き合った。", "zh": "他面对多年的对手。" }, { "ja": "敵に備えて守りを固める。", "zh": "加强防御以应对敌人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a63d59c119", "JMdict ent_seq 1577915; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6abbc3eba8392043dc62976871f9dc655723d8889a718f3fc88edabbffd5509f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a2ee87bdca", "word": "気質", "reading": "かたぎ", "romaji": "katagi", "meanings": [ "spirit", "character", "trait", "temperament", "disposition" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1222250, "examples": [ { "ja": "成功不成功は気質に左右されることが多い。", "en": "Success often depends on one's temperament.", "tatoeba_id": 143229 }, { "ja": "彼女はきまじめな気質である。", "en": "She is a serious person.", "tatoeba_id": 92974 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0aa5ad40a0c0f745adeb763df18acf0105956357b517e32fbf41d1798bb55acd", "meanings": [ "气质", "性情" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "成功不成功は気質に左右されることが多い。", "zh": "成功与否往往取决于气质。" }, { "ja": "彼女はきまじめな気質である。", "zh": "她的性格十分认真。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a2ee87bdca", "JMdict ent_seq 1222250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3a978bf0aa27503a4f657e1cc72cd421f5a6ad2b6c2ac144d4f145d828b7c726", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "898632e4f2", "word": "片言", "reading": "かたこと", "romaji": "katakoto", "meanings": [ "a smattering", "talk like a baby", "speak haltingly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1511640, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのアメリカ人の男の子は片言の日本語を話した。", "furigana": "そのアメリカ{人|じん}の{男|おとこ}の{子|こ}は{片言|かたこと}の{日本語|にほんご}を{話|はな}した。", "en": "The American boy spoke broken Japanese.", "tatoeba_id": 213402 }, { "ja": "僕の片言の英語がなんとか通じたのでほっとしました。", "furigana": "{僕|ぼく}の{片言|かたこと}の{英語|えいご}がなんとか{通|つう}じたのでほっとしました。", "en": "I was relieved that I could make my broken English understood.", "tatoeba_id": 82172 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0dc4b4970ae830ce49f6761c2f77053fc061db8e6277d8917fabcb0dc37d60da", "meanings": [ "只言片语", "说得不流利" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのアメリカ人の男の子は片言の日本語を話した。", "zh": "那个美国男孩说着不流利的日语。" }, { "ja": "僕の片言の英語がなんとか通じたのでほっとしました。", "zh": "我蹩脚的英语好歹让对方听懂了，松了口气。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/898632e4f2", "JMdict ent_seq 1511640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b3ad95a922043f6d3b8045254a14f85446b56ad838888e145d70bc706f96ed77", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ae870bde15", "word": "片付け", "reading": "かたづけ", "romaji": "katazuke", "meanings": [ "tidying up", "finishing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1511780, "examples": [ { "ja": "まもなく例のウエーターが皿を片付けに戻ってきた。", "en": "Soon the same waiter came back to pick up the dishes.", "tatoeba_id": 195236 }, { "ja": "彼女は食事の後片付けをした。", "en": "She cleared away the dishes from the table.", "tatoeba_id": 88606 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "679cf2622644af524a62176d5c0dcad770925e28c4c814a41037d3b8ad767630", "meanings": [ "收拾", "整理" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "まもなく例のウエーターが皿を片付けに戻ってきた。", "zh": "不久那位服务员回来收拾盘子。" }, { "ja": "彼女は食事の後片付けをした。", "zh": "她饭后做了收拾。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ae870bde15", "JMdict ent_seq 1511780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5280a3a2fd49f48c5c06136d3c843d0392a017dce0005254068d7d89c9c5ac71", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "31abecc2fa", "word": "傾ける", "reading": "かたむける", "romaji": "katamukeru", "meanings": [ "to incline", "to list", "to bend", "to lean", "to tip", "to tilt", "to slant", "to concentrate on", "to ruin (a country)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1249420, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は君の言うことには熱心に耳を傾けている。", "en": "I am all ears to what you say.", "tatoeba_id": 157430 }, { "ja": "全力を傾けて説明してみましょう。", "furigana": "{全力|ぜんりょく}を{傾|かたむ}けて{説明|せつめい}してみましょう。", "en": "I'll try to explain it to the best of my ability.", "tatoeba_id": 140738 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e921bd31ef492b1b5aef02d3a80cb3f9add3f2ebb4498d8c02aa839865bec7b6", "meanings": [ "倾斜", "倾注" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は君の言うことには熱心に耳を傾けている。", "zh": "我正认真倾听你说的话。" }, { "ja": "全力を傾けて説明してみましょう。", "zh": "我尽全力试着解释一下吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/31abecc2fa", "JMdict ent_seq 1249420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a705fa86e1b42567f170b8a0e8efa78aea88829de4a4d3e95d6d127df6c6424b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cf7e10e3e2", "word": "固める", "reading": "かためる", "romaji": "katameru", "meanings": [ "to harden", "to freeze", "to fortify" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1266570, "examples": [ { "ja": "政府はテロ撲滅の決意を固めている。", "furigana": "{政府|せいふ}はテロ{撲滅|ぼくめつ}の{決意|けつい}を{固|かた}めている。", "en": "The government is determined to put an end to terrorism.", "tatoeba_id": 143123 }, { "ja": "砂利をセメントで固める必要がある。", "furigana": "{砂利|じゃり}をセメントで{固|かた}める{必要|ひつよう}がある。", "en": "We need to bind gravel with cement.", "tatoeba_id": 170864 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6e3e070347b5db7aa03a3cd760711ec02ce1e4454ab8701c5f559b1a71647a73", "meanings": [ "弄硬", "坚定" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "政府はテロ撲滅の決意を固めている。", "zh": "政府下定决心消灭恐怖主义。" }, { "ja": "砂利をセメントで固める必要がある。", "zh": "需要用水泥把碎石固定住。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cf7e10e3e2", "JMdict ent_seq 1266570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "49a8e11590b4828d01c73c8ddd18a7632474dfa9eb1b48dd8dda93cb05d5aee7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "09ed6cd566", "word": "偏る", "reading": "かたよる", "romaji": "katayoru", "meanings": [ "to be one-sided", "to incline", "to be partial", "to be prejudiced", "to lean", "to be biased" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1590420, "examples": [ { "ja": "ハンバーガーばかり食べていると、栄養が偏るよ。", "furigana": "ハンバーガーばかり{食|た}べていると、{栄養|えいよう}が{偏|かたよ}るよ。", "en": "Your diet is going to be really unbalanced if all you eat is hamburgers.", "tatoeba_id": 197745 }, { "ja": "２桁のＩＱがある人間なら誰でも、この選択が政治的に偏ったものだって分かってるよ。", "en": "Anybody with at least a two-digit IQ knows this was a politically biased choice.", "tatoeba_id": 235515 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9ddcfcb6321e866c858a079ff15eabe5f610e1736d37d8ad377dc898fd91c840", "meanings": [ "偏向", "不均衡" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ハンバーガーばかり食べていると、栄養が偏るよ。", "zh": "光吃汉堡会营养不均衡哦。" }, { "ja": "２桁のＩＱがある人間なら誰でも、この選択が政治的に偏ったものだって分かってるよ。", "zh": "任何智商有两位数的人都知道，这个选择在政治上有偏向。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/09ed6cd566", "JMdict ent_seq 1590420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "81431a8a882ed585f63c6eb6cc0fa54938701ae423a8257520971e718052a8dc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ab92b16431", "word": "傍ら", "reading": "かたわら", "romaji": "katawara", "meanings": [ "beside(s)", "while", "nearby" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1590440, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は読書をし、その傍らで妻が手袋を編んでいた。", "en": "He sat reading, with his wife knitting a pair of gloves beside him.", "tatoeba_id": 101583 }, { "ja": "メアリーは読書をしており、１匹の猫がかたわらで眠っていた。", "en": "Mary was reading, with a cat sleeping beside her.", "tatoeba_id": 194725 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3995d25ef3f9a51478c3a4fea110308c4af50b3e5e36ec5391720c6d1729bd4b", "meanings": [ "旁边", "同时" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は読書をし、その傍らで妻が手袋を編んでいた。", "zh": "他读书，妻子在一旁织手套。" }, { "ja": "メアリーは読書をしており、１匹の猫がかたわらで眠っていた。", "zh": "玛丽在读书，一只猫在旁边睡觉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ab92b16431", "JMdict ent_seq 1590440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "82ce1c17f804748c7a2109b758cc32725e492a37d5941546518d5466e68bd4bb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7b0ff27c4a", "word": "花壇", "reading": "かだん", "romaji": "kadan", "meanings": [ "flower bed" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1590460, "examples": [ { "ja": "その花壇は水をやる必要がある。", "furigana": "その{花壇|かだん}は{水|みず}をやる{必要|ひつよう}がある。", "en": "The flower garden needs watering.", "tatoeba_id": 211924 }, { "ja": "花壇のチューリップが咲いている。", "furigana": "{花壇|かだん}のチューリップが{咲|さ}いている。", "en": "The tulips are in bloom in the flower bed.", "tatoeba_id": 186574 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7e161fd846497c9fa012c1df7a9c5a54b19c54aea41596e5ec64c326026b44fb", "meanings": [ "花坛" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その花壇は水をやる必要がある。", "zh": "那个花坛需要浇水。" }, { "ja": "花壇のチューリップが咲いている。", "zh": "花坛里的郁金香开了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7b0ff27c4a", "JMdict ent_seq 1590460; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "32c5be8dcd0a0343e9658dfcb7343cc98977ad0d7cfdd3246f7f8c70cfa31f45", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "637ddc23e2", "word": "雅致", "reading": "がち", "romaji": "gachi", "meanings": [ "artistry", "good taste", "elegance", "grace" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1197950, "examples": [ { "ja": "この庭には雅致がある。", "en": "This garden has an elegant charm." }, { "ja": "雅致のある器を選んだ。", "en": "I chose a tasteful vessel." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "107c5461f10bf530abc15219c272441800d4acf511e6aa09c7ee8ce96d3a6645", "meanings": [ "雅致", "高雅" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この庭には雅致がある。", "zh": "这座庭院很有雅致。" }, { "ja": "雅致のある器を選んだ。", "zh": "我选了一个雅致的器皿。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/637ddc23e2", "JMdict ent_seq 1197950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "236e715239afd0c894769ce01104bb8f08d77d4f45039c2ee17d2b71ed8d4c97", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b8251bb129", "word": "家畜", "reading": "かちく", "romaji": "kachiku", "meanings": [ "domestic animals", "livestock", "cattle" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1192240, "examples": [ { "ja": "飢饉のために、家畜が餓死した。", "furigana": "{飢饉|ききん}のために、{家畜|かちく}が{餓死|がし}した。", "en": "Because of the famine, the cattle starved to death.", "tatoeba_id": 182952 }, { "ja": "家畜はみんなまるまるしている。", "furigana": "{家畜|かちく}はみんなまるまるしている。", "en": "Their cattle are all fat.", "tatoeba_id": 186920 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "160b796ea91869577d42adbdbfb6a90ceda224eea6184bc2b3ff4bba35bd410f", "meanings": [ "家畜", "牲畜" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "飢饉のために、家畜が餓死した。", "zh": "由于饥荒，牲畜饿死了。" }, { "ja": "家畜はみんなまるまるしている。", "zh": "家畜都长得圆滚滚的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b8251bb129", "JMdict ent_seq 1192240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "efd1aaa04b3fb98899c27e94dd0174a25478457b8b2990db9baf25c3bcb130d5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8d4eb1d5d4", "word": "且つ", "reading": "かつ", "romaji": "katsu", "meanings": [ "yet", "and" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "conj", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1208840, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は作家でもあり、かつまた政治家でもある。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{作家|さっか}でもあり、かつまた{政治家|せいじか}でもある。", "en": "He is a writer and a statesman.", "tatoeba_id": 106829 }, { "ja": "彼は詩人であり、かつ小説家だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{詩人|しじん}であり、かつ{小説家|しょうせつか}だ。", "en": "He is a poet and novelist.", "tatoeba_id": 105472 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "eeef8f6855a6258bcdbc2267b5d130cdd68360970ffe738b3f9b818d26ab9ad8", "meanings": [ "并且", "而且" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は作家でもあり、かつまた政治家でもある。", "zh": "他既是作家，又是政治家。" }, { "ja": "彼は詩人であり、かつ小説家だ。", "zh": "他是诗人，同时也是小说家。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8d4eb1d5d4", "JMdict ent_seq 1208840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4f32471ac752039f2f9bf16fb81f9c52bbf5e9c1998891a9296db7955cbc8e55", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f29bc600e2", "word": "画期", "reading": "かっき", "romaji": "kakki", "meanings": [ "epoch-making" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1197170, "examples": [ { "ja": "それは画期をなす発明だった。", "en": "It was an epoch-making invention." }, { "ja": "その出来事は歴史に画期をもたらした。", "en": "That event marked a turning point in history." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d19cd7a83a089f53780dc270313fc701d2b89dd973eb28532664907e461ab6af", "meanings": [ "划时代" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それは画期をなす発明だった。", "zh": "那是一项划时代的发明。" }, { "ja": "その出来事は歴史に画期をもたらした。", "zh": "那个事件为历史带来了转折。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f29bc600e2", "JMdict ent_seq 1197170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "af1449228aaee0031e8eb9afc6c95254f9a60982f722ce41ee4382e935467463", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4a24741cdf", "word": "がっくり", "reading": "がっくり", "romaji": "gakkuri", "meanings": [ "heartbroken" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "n", "vs", "adv-to" ], "jmdict_id": 1003190, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はがっくりひざをついた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はがっくりひざをついた。", "en": "His knees gave way.", "tatoeba_id": 114137 }, { "ja": "その知らせを聞いて彼はがっくりと肩を落とした。", "furigana": "その{知|し}らせを{聞|き}いて{彼|かれ}はがっくりと{肩|かた}を{落|お}とした。", "en": "His shoulders sagged when he heard the news.", "tatoeba_id": 207916 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2c3fb94dac36dca5a99b1363a4e5764ce3a00d4b82494af75463413229f92917", "meanings": [ "沮丧", "无力地" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はがっくりひざをついた。", "zh": "他颓然跪倒在地。" }, { "ja": "その知らせを聞いて彼はがっくりと肩を落とした。", "zh": "听到那个消息，他沮丧地垂下肩膀。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4a24741cdf", "JMdict ent_seq 1003190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a66850ebe1fdf01ce222ce9961052d3a729e0f3aa09fc48df0b83884c3c77ffd", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9ac5d77795", "word": "合唱", "reading": "がっしょう", "romaji": "gasshou", "meanings": [ "chorus", "singing in a chorus" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1284870, "examples": [ { "ja": "パーティーは合唱で終わった。", "furigana": "パーティーは{合唱|がっしょう}で{終|お}わった。", "en": "The party ended up with a chorus.", "tatoeba_id": 198441 }, { "ja": "全員で歌を合唱した。", "furigana": "{全員|ぜんいん}で{歌|うた}を{合唱|がっしょう}した。", "en": "They all sang in chorus.", "tatoeba_id": 140826 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9f7dd499aa79e306fb487e41d37cd119b8f376a439580764b156b20f6c68534c", "meanings": [ "合唱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "パーティーは合唱で終わった。", "zh": "聚会以合唱结束。" }, { "ja": "全員で歌を合唱した。", "zh": "大家一起合唱了一首歌。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9ac5d77795", "JMdict ent_seq 1284870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "44135fc5b6433b4fd088d42415e1df4e21661495631281f86d04d75a24a08f56", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6552d03076", "word": "がっしり", "reading": "がっしり", "romaji": "gasshiri", "meanings": [ "firmly", "solidly", "tough" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adv-to", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1003200, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのスポーツ選手はがっしりした体格をしていた。", "furigana": "そのスポーツ{選手|せんしゅ}はがっしりした{体格|たいかく}をしていた。", "en": "The athlete had a strong build.", "tatoeba_id": 213002 }, { "ja": "がっしりした私の父の隣にいて、彼は小さく見えた。", "en": "He looked small beside my father's stout body.", "tatoeba_id": 226350 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "692b8c27c8a618e27870a955e843d2216061ad5707b6a637c95aa4011b4fe86e", "meanings": [ "结实", "健壮" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのスポーツ選手はがっしりした体格をしていた。", "zh": "那位运动员体格健壮。" }, { "ja": "がっしりした私の父の隣にいて、彼は小さく見えた。", "zh": "他站在体格健壮的父亲旁边显得矮小。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6552d03076", "JMdict ent_seq 1003200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fd878fcb9aabbed2d575d55565faccb88f785db490acc7f7067e3578c32c40a4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "226962592a", "word": "合致", "reading": "がっち", "romaji": "gatchi", "meanings": [ "agreement", "concurrence", "conforming to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1285100, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の日々の振る舞いは彼の主義主張と合致していない。", "en": "His daily behavior is not consistent with his principles.", "tatoeba_id": 116387 }, { "ja": "結果は予想と合致した。", "en": "The result matched the prediction." }, { "ja": "証言が記録と合致している。", "en": "The testimony agrees with the records." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a391e6eeab45ca99c3e01a7233b001dc36294de5f49f395751cb5c524c21eed1", "meanings": [ "一致", "符合" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の日々の振る舞いは彼の主義主張と合致していない。", "zh": "他日常的行为与他的主张并不一致。" }, { "ja": "結果は予想と合致した。", "zh": "结果与预期一致。" }, { "ja": "証言が記録と合致している。", "zh": "证言与记录相符。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/226962592a", "JMdict ent_seq 1285100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9eb32e28519495fcccae85435929967f43b535850cf012a47e5d34fac58c147d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6ff26acc7a", "word": "がっちり", "reading": "がっちり", "romaji": "gatchiri", "meanings": [ "solidly built", "tightly", "shrewd", "calculating" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adv-to", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1003210, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は背が高く骨組みのがっちりした人だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{背|せ}が{高|たか}く{骨組|ほねぐ}みのがっちりした{人|ひと}だ。", "en": "He is a tall and strongly built man.", "tatoeba_id": 101286 }, { "ja": "がっちり組んで助け合わねばならない。", "furigana": "がっちり{組|く}んで{助|たす}け{合|あ}わねばならない。", "en": "You and I must stick close, back to back.", "tatoeba_id": 226349 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1a0a192338b1b1372dc85b0f163e989463a4a28484a40ef024ba8d05cbecd0de", "meanings": [ "结实", "紧紧地", "精明" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は背が高く骨組みのがっちりした人だ。", "zh": "他身材高大，骨架结实。" }, { "ja": "がっちり組んで助け合わねばならない。", "zh": "必须紧密团结、互相帮助。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6ff26acc7a", "JMdict ent_seq 1003210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b886d8299b6db0e81d07f66271644c389fdbb7c906667f82ae937a34178026a4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bb98750fc8", "word": "かつて", "reading": "かつて", "romaji": "katsute", "meanings": [ "once", "ever" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1581210, "other_forms": [ "嘗て" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はかつてその問題に直面した。", "en": "She once faced that problem." }, { "ja": "ここにかつて住んでいたのですか。", "furigana": "ここにかつて{住|す}んでいたのですか。", "en": "Did you use to live here?", "tatoeba_id": 224491 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "61047232c1dc37145ca2d7412d3fd96753fed44a24991c0feaad357b8d5f74ad", "meanings": [ "曾经", "以前" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はかつてその問題に直面した。", "zh": "她曾经面临那个问题。" }, { "ja": "ここにかつて住んでいたのですか。", "zh": "你以前住在这里吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bb98750fc8", "JMdict ent_seq 1581210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5235bebd91cfd46172cf13c7b6e3510659215a264870e266a5e4f03724236a41", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bf831318fb", "word": "カット", "reading": "カット", "romaji": "katto", "meanings": [ "cut", "cutting" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1037630, "examples": [ { "ja": "映像の一部をカットした。", "en": "I cut part of the footage." }, { "ja": "髪を短くカットする。", "en": "Cut the hair short." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8cd4349c7dc518ea87edf76fe0c004eb7166ecd8af5fff8b129ce95295cd22ce", "meanings": [ "剪", "切", "删减" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "映像の一部をカットした。", "zh": "我剪掉了部分影像。" }, { "ja": "髪を短くカットする。", "zh": "把头发剪短。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bf831318fb", "JMdict ent_seq 1037630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "98fb37315cad2ad5bd4fcac140d90c3e167b4fe92b5bd4365fcf5e587ef302b5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "35ff0c814b", "word": "活発", "reading": "かっぱつ", "romaji": "kappatsu", "meanings": [ "vigor", "active" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1208410, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはとても活発な討論をした。", "en": "We had a very vigorous debate.", "tatoeba_id": 166274 }, { "ja": "売れ行きはものすごく活発だ。", "furigana": "{売|う}れ{行|ゆ}きはものすごく{活発|かっぱつ}だ。", "en": "Sales are amazingly brisk.", "tatoeba_id": 121475 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "dcaa9470327bc1914bd16811c7c5699ed9b7077ed4de190feacf1002027ac32a", "meanings": [ "活跃", "旺盛" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはとても活発な討論をした。", "zh": "我们进行了非常活跃的讨论。" }, { "ja": "売れ行きはものすごく活発だ。", "zh": "销路非常旺盛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/35ff0c814b", "JMdict ent_seq 1208410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1eb39dc43ba7e84bef6a9e86fa19ddcb63aeccfd8ae1a3cc25a6ed6a0162d8f1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "18c78b84a5", "word": "月日", "reading": "がっぴ", "romaji": "gappi", "meanings": [ "(the) date" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1609580, "examples": [ { "ja": "申込書に月日を書く。", "en": "Write the date on the application." }, { "ja": "誕生の月日を確認した。", "en": "I checked the month and day of birth." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9f16c0e3b89d9afd0f604c4fd2966714f5148822bfacf1c6735d3bd24b14b1a6", "meanings": [ "月日", "日期" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "申込書に月日を書く。", "zh": "在申请表上写日期。" }, { "ja": "誕生の月日を確認した。", "zh": "我确认了出生的月日。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/18c78b84a5", "JMdict ent_seq 1609580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "870d11570902210df65c8fb0408bd390f01a8c88e511506ddcb8de8efb749151", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "81b1055209", "word": "合併", "reading": "がっぺい", "romaji": "gappei", "meanings": [ "combination", "union", "amalgamation", "consolidation", "merger", "coalition", "fusion", "annexation", "affiliation", "incorporation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1578970, "examples": [ { "ja": "２社は合併を計画している。", "furigana": "２{社|しゃ}は{合併|がっぺい}を{計画|けいかく}している。", "en": "The two companies plan to unite.", "tatoeba_id": 235482 }, { "ja": "その会社は大企業に吸収合併された。", "furigana": "その{会社|かいしゃ}は{大企業|だいきぎょう}に{吸収|きゅうしゅう}{合併|がっぺい}された。", "en": "The company was absorbed into a big business.", "tatoeba_id": 211776 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "50b2b102f61908f18151ec6f54b62eb3ff1e02251e73cc209a5f4380179a2c42", "meanings": [ "合并" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "２社は合併を計画している。", "zh": "两家公司计划合并。" }, { "ja": "その会社は大企業に吸収合併された。", "zh": "那家公司被大企业吸收合并了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/81b1055209", "JMdict ent_seq 1578970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "93d4d47324f3f617926c5dae12afc596828e2ef7d1d315ca46213e20dcc1a43e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "06f4d19456", "word": "カテゴリー", "reading": "カテゴリー", "romaji": "kategorii", "meanings": [ "category" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1037790, "examples": [ { "ja": "このカテゴリーには他にも異常が存在すると考えることが妥当である。", "furigana": "このカテゴリーには{他|ほか}にも{異常|いじょう}が{存在|そんざい}すると{考|かんが}えることが{妥当|だとう}である。", "en": "It is reasonable to think that there exist other anomalies in this category.", "tatoeba_id": 223899 }, { "ja": "作家としての彼女は伝統的なカテゴリーのいずれにも当てはまらない。", "en": "As a writer, she does not fit into any of the traditional categories.", "tatoeba_id": 170183 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ba3ca9e03a743b09b410da5d86d5309777e690f5562ea9b5f516bc988001aa88", "meanings": [ "类别" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このカテゴリーには他にも異常が存在すると考えることが妥当である。", "zh": "认为这个类别还存在其他异常是合理的。" }, { "ja": "作家としての彼女は伝統的なカテゴリーのいずれにも当てはまらない。", "zh": "作为作家，她不属于任何传统类别。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/06f4d19456", "JMdict ent_seq 1037790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e35929d015da0ebdc28f8041b00c364361cb88797b796f925ff90471e6f1905a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1f8754ca0a", "word": "門", "reading": "かど", "romaji": "kado", "meanings": [ "gate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2868800, "examples": [ { "ja": "門を開けて中へ入った。", "en": "I opened the gate and went in." }, { "ja": "門の前で友人を待つ。", "en": "I wait for my friend in front of the gate." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "36e0f8285072e03201431e55d9674703f84827086a57332399325ed1de1de9da", "meanings": [ "门", "门口" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "門を開けて中へ入った。", "zh": "我打开门走了进去。" }, { "ja": "門の前で友人を待つ。", "zh": "我在门前等朋友。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1f8754ca0a", "JMdict ent_seq 2868800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cbdcf94e205e4b8eabfa73ed9c030724324e4f3a86f676ecbebcced4ebfd4764", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f62a99c583", "word": "叶う", "reading": "かなう", "romaji": "kanau", "meanings": [ "to come true (wish)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1208870, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの望みがみんな叶いますように。", "furigana": "あなたの{望|のぞ}みがみんな{叶|かな}いますように。", "en": "May all your wishes come true!", "tatoeba_id": 233024 }, { "ja": "夢がすべて叶いますように。", "furigana": "{夢|ゆめ}がすべて{叶|かな}いますように。", "en": "May all my dreams come true.", "tatoeba_id": 80969 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ed24b4db877b85bf3e2117b5ff189b823ce298fc9c95054fb1246fbc4cf7fb02", "meanings": [ "实现" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの望みがみんな叶いますように。", "zh": "愿你的愿望全部实现。" }, { "ja": "夢がすべて叶いますように。", "zh": "愿所有梦想成真。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f62a99c583", "JMdict ent_seq 1208870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4df3baed7bf4ba4c418d48af447ff5fbcbd37acf5a58fb0e91c87a178f875375", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e5f895f32e", "word": "叶える", "reading": "かなえる", "romaji": "kanaeru", "meanings": [ "to grant (request, wish)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1208880, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは彼の要求を叶えた。", "en": "They granted his request.", "tatoeba_id": 96328 }, { "ja": "夢を叶えるためにはある程度の犠牲・努力・苦労は覚悟している。", "furigana": "{夢|ゆめ}を{叶|かな}えるためにはある{程度|ていど}の{犠牲|ぎせい}・{努力|どりょく}・{苦労|くろう}は{覚悟|かくご}している。", "en": "I've steeled myself to face a certain amount of sacrifice, effort and hardship if that's what it takes to fulfill my dream.", "tatoeba_id": 80951 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "969cf60f83083cc20cf323730769a90e6e60f0f904b4b9d31f387d9bab9674a2", "meanings": [ "实现", "满足" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは彼の要求を叶えた。", "zh": "他们满足了他的要求。" }, { "ja": "夢を叶えるためにはある程度の犠牲・努力・苦労は覚悟している。", "zh": "为了实现梦想，我做好了付出一定牺牲、努力和辛劳的准备。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e5f895f32e", "JMdict ent_seq 1208880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3ba0a9069d8ef39ff5099ce1c99c30caab0802c002c92b4f03c1d84befbabc4d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d0f0a90008", "word": "金槌", "reading": "かなづち", "romaji": "kanazuchi", "meanings": [ "(iron) hammer", "punishment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1779760, "examples": [ { "ja": "ジェーンはかなづち同然泳げない。", "furigana": "ジェーンはかなづち{同然|どうぜん}{泳|およ}げない。", "en": "Jane swims like a brick.", "tatoeba_id": 216505 }, { "ja": "彼女は金づちで鏡を粉々にしました。", "en": "She shattered the mirror with a hammer.", "tatoeba_id": 7015341 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ca4c9010056549ceb347e56e65a43d80fab13114eb53beef730541d057ea5b22", "meanings": [ "铁锤", "旱鸭子" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ジェーンはかなづち同然泳げない。", "zh": "简完全不会游泳，是个旱鸭子。" }, { "ja": "彼女は金づちで鏡を粉々にしました。", "zh": "她用锤子把镜子砸得粉碎。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d0f0a90008", "JMdict ent_seq 1779760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "29a7def4abd30ed6e386a0bbd46d235a5594384fa1a57ae135cf124d1ec76569", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "金槌也可比喻完全不会游泳的人。" } }, { "id": "378a7e05c1", "word": "加入", "reading": "かにゅう", "romaji": "kanyuu", "meanings": [ "becoming a member", "joining", "entry", "admission", "subscription", "affiliation", "adherence", "signing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1190430, "examples": [ { "ja": "まさかの時のために彼は保険に加入した。", "furigana": "まさかの{時|とき}のために{彼|かれ}は{保険|ほけん}に{加入|かにゅう}した。", "en": "He insured himself for a rainy day.", "tatoeba_id": 195669 }, { "ja": "彼はその会に加入させてもらえなかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{会|かい}に{加入|かにゅう}させてもらえなかった。", "en": "He was debarred from entering the club.", "tatoeba_id": 113066 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7c3255a4e00f7d959f3e4deb3d827b06b25c29cf3e40e339b192185e55000c86", "meanings": [ "加入" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "まさかの時のために彼は保険に加入した。", "zh": "为了以防万一，他买了保险。" }, { "ja": "彼はその会に加入させてもらえなかった。", "zh": "他没有获准加入那个协会。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/378a7e05c1", "JMdict ent_seq 1190430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "384a536f3eef75a6c3bb96bcad8234855074abc31c4dffffcd58c5d542937052", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d4517d7970", "word": "予言", "reading": "かねごと", "romaji": "kanegoto", "meanings": [ "promise", "prediction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2826481, "examples": [ { "ja": "「予言」には「かねごと」という古い読み方がある。", "en": "予言 has an old reading, kanegoto." }, { "ja": "古い言葉の「かねごと」は、予言や前もってした約束を意味する。", "en": "The old word kanegoto means a prediction or a prior promise." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0ac4c80a96db8e7078bda52800c15fd3d98e610bbe356ded0d9c6ce07b5a13e9", "meanings": [ "预言", "事先的约定" ], "notes": "かねごと是古语读法，表示预言或事先的约定；现代“预言”通常读よげん。", "examples": [ { "ja": "「予言」には「かねごと」という古い読み方がある。", "zh": "“予言”有一个古读法かねごと。" }, { "ja": "古い言葉の「かねごと」は、予言や前もってした約束を意味する。", "zh": "古语かねごと表示预言或事先的约定。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d4517d7970", "JMdict ent_seq 2826481; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9df95987b67d4130e47034e3e49ad9ec07bf4a34768eb4caa48a01848bb5d562", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ed378b5868", "word": "兼ねて", "reading": "かねて", "romaji": "kanete", "meanings": [ "simultaneously" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1542850, "examples": [ { "ja": "かねてから彼の作品を知っていた。", "en": "I had known his work for some time." }, { "ja": "かねて希望していた仕事に就いた。", "en": "I took the job I had long wanted." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "768a3df9c06c6fc11fd2c1ced753a70f763ed8a9cbb089014ba30be753a764b2", "meanings": [ "事先", "一直以来" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "かねてから彼の作品を知っていた。", "zh": "我早就知道他的作品。" }, { "ja": "かねて希望していた仕事に就いた。", "zh": "我从事了长期以来渴望的工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ed378b5868", "JMdict ent_seq 1542850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7b9e2ffbd6a0ff03b5d75db375e6e4b9770d7c4db1ae24f192db7600bd70ac16", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "11ea9854e2", "word": "下番", "reading": "かばん", "romaji": "kaban", "meanings": [ "going off duty" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1186150, "examples": [ { "ja": "下番後に報告書を書いた。", "en": "I wrote a report after going off duty." }, { "ja": "下番の時間になった。", "en": "It is time to go off duty." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8f8382bf96e196a55f0da765ed7d74ec962a56d74232684e00c95e8b5a6f7ec7", "meanings": [ "下班", "结束值勤" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "下番後に報告書を書いた。", "zh": "结束值勤后我写了报告。" }, { "ja": "下番の時間になった。", "zh": "到下班时间了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/11ea9854e2", "JMdict ent_seq 1186150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d2f6b14ae8a804ebbe976838c1928bf30c57470cedc4cdd404581130c49167f7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9914ba6768", "word": "華美", "reading": "かび", "romaji": "kabi", "meanings": [ "pomp", "splendor", "gaudiness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1195610, "examples": [ { "ja": "結婚の後、アランは黴だらけの小さいアパートを出て、生活が華美に流れた。", "en": "After his wedding, Alain left his small, moldy apartment and led an extravagant life.", "tatoeba_id": 408790 }, { "ja": "華美な装飾は避けた。", "en": "We avoided excessive ornamentation." }, { "ja": "華美な衣装を身に着けている。", "en": "She is wearing extravagant clothing." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e84cb22b6c218619e1a80b2b0ae7995ebb4f030ad51c428ceaf65149805b2067", "meanings": [ "华丽", "奢华" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "結婚の後、アランは黴だらけの小さいアパートを出て、生活が華美に流れた。", "zh": "结婚后，艾伦离开发霉的小公寓，生活变得奢华。" }, { "ja": "華美な装飾は避けた。", "zh": "我们避免了过于华丽的装饰。" }, { "ja": "華美な衣装を身に着けている。", "zh": "她穿着华丽的衣服。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9914ba6768", "JMdict ent_seq 1195610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "160abfd467355bf1d3ac8f71ae261b8aebc46d5a6ffb08ba800e6059f870d19e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b892be6c8b", "word": "株式", "reading": "かぶしき", "romaji": "kabushiki", "meanings": [ "stock (company)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1208970, "examples": [ { "ja": "株式は一晩のうちに下がった。", "furigana": "{株式|かぶしき}は{一晩|ひとばん}のうちに{下|さ}がった。", "en": "The stock has gone down overnight.", "tatoeba_id": 184080 }, { "ja": "私の父は今、株式取引にとても夢中になっている。", "en": "My father is very much involved in the stock market now.", "tatoeba_id": 162835 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "516950aa6cfd08fb2dd156896dcf392518861472c439169293d2c0514fcef356", "meanings": [ "股票", "股份" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "株式は一晩のうちに下がった。", "zh": "股票一夜之间下跌了。" }, { "ja": "私の父は今、株式取引にとても夢中になっている。", "zh": "我父亲现在非常热衷于股票交易。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b892be6c8b", "JMdict ent_seq 1208970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "14b33902a3fe2dafcd24c8fc6689a3697ba7ae90f2b0089e42a55d8caf348c3f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "17127782ea", "word": "かぶれる", "reading": "かぶれる", "romaji": "kabureru", "meanings": [ "to react to", "to be influenced by", "to go overboard for" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1222350, "other_forms": [ "気触れる" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ツタウルシにかぶれました。", "en": "I got a rash from poison ivy.", "tatoeba_id": 202579 }, { "ja": "耳がかぶれています。", "furigana": "{耳|みみ}がかぶれています。", "en": "I have an ear infection.", "tatoeba_id": 150169 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "24e61a451b04b79c1a86cbb67084a54a5aa78ffdeea69a5e6775fd6f98387491", "meanings": [ "起疹", "受影响" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ツタウルシにかぶれました。", "zh": "我接触毒漆藤后起疹了。" }, { "ja": "耳がかぶれています。", "zh": "耳朵起疹了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/17127782ea", "JMdict ent_seq 1222350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1890e8e74bcfd2d84c911398c5fbf0015f92bad37e2bb2d5822a08437816bb10", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "指皮肤对刺激物产生炎症或疹子；也可指过度受某文化影响。" } }, { "id": "42f7f86db3", "word": "花粉", "reading": "かふん", "romaji": "kafun", "meanings": [ "pollen" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1194890, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は花粉アレルギーだ。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{花粉|かふん}アレルギーだ。", "en": "I am allergic to pollen.", "tatoeba_id": 157980 }, { "ja": "春は花粉が多く飛ぶ。", "en": "There is a lot of pollen in the air in spring." }, { "ja": "花粉が風で運ばれる。", "en": "Pollen is carried by the wind." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "187de40e76d51fb07b37647df28becf92b94c1e650fe48bd095019bdf025eacd", "meanings": [ "花粉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は花粉アレルギーだ。", "zh": "我对花粉过敏。" }, { "ja": "春は花粉が多く飛ぶ。", "zh": "春天空气中花粉很多。" }, { "ja": "花粉が風で運ばれる。", "zh": "花粉由风传播。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/42f7f86db3", "JMdict ent_seq 1194890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ab988218b2b8aac7eb6e09281e2d8f69fb21d59a6bf6188bbd321ad5072db6f9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ea13ce8188", "word": "貨幣", "reading": "かへい", "romaji": "kahei", "meanings": [ "money", "currency", "coinage" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1195930, "examples": [ { "ja": "貨幣は銀行制度を通じて流通する。", "en": "Money circulates through the banking system.", "tatoeba_id": 186520 }, { "ja": "この代用貨幣では、会社の直営店に行き、その店で食料品や衣料を買うことしかできませんでした。", "en": "With the token they could only go to the company shop and buy food or clothing from that shop.", "tatoeba_id": 220675 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "da4b221fee6932beb508e50e8c039e4c6e7cc946a8cbea8bcfd9fd9a4e498be5", "meanings": [ "货币" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "貨幣は銀行制度を通じて流通する。", "zh": "货币通过银行系统流通。" }, { "ja": "この代用貨幣では、会社の直営店に行き、その店で食料品や衣料を買うことしかできませんでした。", "zh": "这种代用货币只能在公司直营店购买食品和衣物。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ea13ce8188", "JMdict ent_seq 1195930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3670fdfda47285dc22dd08946bd8b92b11655344a56c8858cab6d770f80ef8e4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ba175a37df", "word": "構え", "reading": "かまえ", "romaji": "kamae", "meanings": [ "posture", "pose", "style" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1279690, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は剣道の構えをとった。", "en": "He assumed a kendo stance." }, { "ja": "いつでも対応できる構えだ。", "en": "We are prepared to respond at any time." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c1b7f9add8e191d0e4b214549fc047d4a5322403ac6f777e869747d5a99e0179", "meanings": [ "姿态", "准备" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は剣道の構えをとった。", "zh": "他摆出了剑道的姿势。" }, { "ja": "いつでも対応できる構えだ。", "zh": "我们准备随时应对。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ba175a37df", "JMdict ent_seq 1279690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2866ba80ca1c4b1ee51bfbf2ff5806b7200de5e4e975913811b9bbe99bc2d68c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0cf4699a61", "word": "構える", "reading": "かまえる", "romaji": "kamaeru", "meanings": [ "to set up" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1279700, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はジャマイカに住居を構えた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はジャマイカに{住居|じゅうきょ}を{構|かま}えた。", "en": "He took up residence in Jamaica.", "tatoeba_id": 113531 }, { "ja": "彼は大通りに店を構えている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{大通|おおどお}りに{店|みせ}を{構|かま}えている。", "en": "He has a store on the main road.", "tatoeba_id": 102375 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5711ea35c79213d95e0b2520d0c74da37fc4b13f144d8f342e8c09959605fa48", "meanings": [ "设立", "建造" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はジャマイカに住居を構えた。", "zh": "他在牙买加安了家。" }, { "ja": "彼は大通りに店を構えている。", "zh": "他在大街上开了店。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0cf4699a61", "JMdict ent_seq 1279700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "add1b066372a61bd4ea43129a3f648d54e1094be49ecfa79fb3ad1134175ba46", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "faa5d9f423", "word": "加味", "reading": "かみ", "romaji": "kami", "meanings": [ "seasoning", "flavoring" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1190570, "examples": [ { "ja": "事情を加味して判断する。", "en": "Make a judgment taking the circumstances into account." }, { "ja": "年齢を加味して評価する。", "en": "Evaluate with age taken into account." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6b3f8c6168ed2c58f0bc4a85856f0149e9d687b33fdb4b15aa127b9d13d3d8bf", "meanings": [ "加入", "考虑在内", "调味" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "事情を加味して判断する。", "zh": "考虑具体情况后作出判断。" }, { "ja": "年齢を加味して評価する。", "zh": "考虑年龄进行评价。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/faa5d9f423", "JMdict ent_seq 1190570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "02a2a311bfa09728f5868b81bf9ad393fbbd1d9501029daa76ba49201d82c414", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9f4cb35bae", "word": "噛み切る", "reading": "かみきる", "romaji": "kamikiru", "meanings": [ "to bite off", "to gnaw through" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1209200, "examples": [ { "ja": "サメがその男の足を噛み切った。", "furigana": "サメがその{男|おとこ}の{足|あし}を{噛|か}み{切|き}った。", "en": "A shark snapped the man's leg off.", "tatoeba_id": 216713 }, { "ja": "プチッ、と糸を犬歯で噛み切った。", "furigana": "プチッ、と{糸|いと}を{犬歯|けんし}で{噛|か}み{切|き}った。", "en": "I snapped the thread on my canine.", "tatoeba_id": 76462 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6b7464180675ee99153e75f1b13bb4e4da4804a325ed0f59b28432824d3f1fb6", "meanings": [ "咬断" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "サメがその男の足を噛み切った。", "zh": "鲨鱼咬断了那名男子的腿。" }, { "ja": "プチッ、と糸を犬歯で噛み切った。", "zh": "用犬齿啪地咬断了线。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9f4cb35bae", "JMdict ent_seq 1209200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4bb33d937720f987a59001429a7f241c8297bca81c1ec3c99b83b2d165e1f7e1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b84686d05e", "word": "過密", "reading": "かみつ", "romaji": "kamitsu", "meanings": [ "crowded" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1196460, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は過密スケジュールを都合して、私の舞台を見に来てくれた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{過密|かみつ}スケジュールを{都合|つごう}して、{私|わたし}の{舞台|ぶたい}を{見|み}に{来|き}てくれた。", "en": "He organized his overcrowded schedule and managed to come to see my performance.", "tatoeba_id": 486591 }, { "ja": "過密な日程を見直す。", "en": "Review the overcrowded schedule." }, { "ja": "都市の人口過密が問題だ。", "en": "Urban overcrowding is a problem." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d09bd10a3cc5af83eab48b1c733b3021868890e9690e73f5f22ac100bbf17b3a", "meanings": [ "过于密集" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は過密スケジュールを都合して、私の舞台を見に来てくれた。", "zh": "他调整紧凑的日程，来看了我的演出。" }, { "ja": "過密な日程を見直す。", "zh": "重新调整过于紧凑的日程。" }, { "ja": "都市の人口過密が問題だ。", "zh": "城市人口过密是个问题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b84686d05e", "JMdict ent_seq 1196460; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "aad19134876d0675efb765a62dbad1cfbe23e82fdfb51b4613435d1bef0a45e0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "71e525cecf", "word": "カムバック", "reading": "カムバック", "romaji": "kamubakku", "meanings": [ "comeback" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1038320, "examples": [ { "ja": "選手がけがからカムバックした。", "en": "The athlete came back after an injury." }, { "ja": "彼女は舞台にカムバックした。", "en": "She made a comeback on stage." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d6494afdc43d8f5cfff5f685d12d626350ff0597e91d7bdd36911a209fc31ee8", "meanings": [ "复出", "重返" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "選手がけがからカムバックした。", "zh": "运动员伤后复出了。" }, { "ja": "彼女は舞台にカムバックした。", "zh": "她重返舞台。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/71e525cecf", "JMdict ent_seq 1038320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5920e5fe63aebd661ffa7e3f05ed0a7904776bc428922c209970c295525b6915", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "45e3926625", "word": "瓶", "reading": "かめ", "romaji": "kame", "meanings": [ "earthenware pot" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1491110, "examples": [ { "ja": "大きな瓶に水を入れる。", "en": "Put water in the large earthenware jar." }, { "ja": "庭に古い瓶が置いてある。", "en": "An old earthenware jar sits in the garden." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "64cc34bd65cdb3a6902fab159af8cc8e258b8bc2fb749011a65ff66b0aeef4e4", "meanings": [ "陶罐", "瓮" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大きな瓶に水を入れる。", "zh": "把水装进大陶罐。" }, { "ja": "庭に古い瓶が置いてある。", "zh": "院子里放着一个旧陶罐。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/45e3926625", "JMdict ent_seq 1491110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "158e69061173d0c70036e9b9ffa6c0c6d6a57aa2fcb48635f6e0e251a2ccd1a7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bb321580b5", "word": "カメラマン", "reading": "カメラマン", "romaji": "kameraman", "meanings": [ "cameraman" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1038390, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は大学卒業後カメラマンになった。", "en": "He became a cameraman after he graduated from college.", "tatoeba_id": 102427 }, { "ja": "あそこのカメラマンはどこの人ですか。", "furigana": "あそこのカメラマンはどこの{人|ひと}ですか。", "en": "What is the nationality of that cameraman over there?", "tatoeba_id": 234397 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "556d87c9397551c5a1efb4d3d1f89a1f0a46759bb003daf369d557d7d3dea403", "meanings": [ "摄影师", "摄像师" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は大学卒業後カメラマンになった。", "zh": "他大学毕业后成了摄影师。" }, { "ja": "あそこのカメラマンはどこの人ですか。", "zh": "那边的摄影师是哪里人？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bb321580b5", "JMdict ent_seq 1038390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "df23b5ff89000c7808df118e71f8fc7b35583143b7c47669142c6af3c85ea2da", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a17b494ad7", "word": "粥", "reading": "かゆ", "romaji": "kayu", "meanings": [ "(rice) gruel" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1209350, "examples": [ { "ja": "若いときは貧乏でかゆをすすって暮らした。", "furigana": "{若|わか}いときは{貧乏|びんぼう}でかゆをすすって{暮|く}らした。", "en": "When he was young, he was so poor that he virtually had to live on gruel.", "tatoeba_id": 148840 }, { "ja": "朝は温かい粥を食べた。", "en": "I ate warm rice porridge in the morning." }, { "ja": "病人のために粥を作る。", "en": "Make rice porridge for the patient." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5e388fbfb72625abf056a4ba67aba5300896587cbf3c73a0c6c69221bcc056f4", "meanings": [ "粥" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "若いときは貧乏でかゆをすすって暮らした。", "zh": "年轻时很穷，靠喝粥度日。" }, { "ja": "朝は温かい粥を食べた。", "zh": "早上我吃了热粥。" }, { "ja": "病人のために粥を作る。", "zh": "为病人煮粥。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a17b494ad7", "JMdict ent_seq 1209350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9d576bbfeb9b0e3c87203f6b35747a87faf418614d01f9e9f64c79a133f9c9ed", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e13e651c3d", "word": "体付き", "reading": "からだつき", "romaji": "karadatsuki", "meanings": [ "body build", "figure" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1409680, "examples": [ { "ja": "スポーツをするにはほっそりとした体つきが必要である。", "en": "Sports activities require a slender figure.", "tatoeba_id": 214327 }, { "ja": "彼の体つきはいかにも強そうだった。", "en": "His body showed every mark of his strength.", "tatoeba_id": 116593 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "93c56d56c89bf5346b2ae9b1b451803bfb8f7aa1003f4dcdfac7f938b07b74a1", "meanings": [ "体型", "身材" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "スポーツをするにはほっそりとした体つきが必要である。", "zh": "做这项运动需要苗条的身材。" }, { "ja": "彼の体つきはいかにも強そうだった。", "zh": "他的体格看上去很强壮。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e13e651c3d", "JMdict ent_seq 1409680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2cb83f645bc2581d401cf5c8b7d9ac91336e5a402c2e9ef22c38c7ac39abae07", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b6d0a7d9d0", "word": "絡む", "reading": "からむ", "romaji": "karamu", "meanings": [ "to entangle", "to entwine" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1548520, "examples": [ { "ja": "去年のヒットした音楽は、みんな人気ドラマが絡んでいる。", "furigana": "{去年|きょねん}のヒットした{音楽|おんがく}は、みんな{人気|にんき}ドラマが{絡|から}んでいる。", "en": "Last year's pop hit was set off by a serial TV drama.", "tatoeba_id": 182252 }, { "ja": "居酒屋で変なおっさんにからまれた。", "en": "I was given a hard time by a strange guy at the tavern.", "tatoeba_id": 76235 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8f311f6e1086f0c00603538af9f6f9aa2ada45f7d5a4f9294974fa9336c4fde4", "meanings": [ "缠绕", "牵涉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "去年のヒットした音楽は、みんな人気ドラマが絡んでいる。", "zh": "去年走红的音乐都与热门电视剧有关。" }, { "ja": "居酒屋で変なおっさんにからまれた。", "zh": "我在居酒屋被一个奇怪的大叔纠缠了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b6d0a7d9d0", "JMdict ent_seq 1548520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7a4c418735051bcc9a89b157b26ce264e0f4cdc626dc8096be4f6feafc42f29f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3c350abfd3", "word": "下吏", "reading": "かり", "romaji": "kari", "meanings": [ "lower official" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1186520, "examples": [ { "ja": "下吏が書類を運んだ。", "en": "A lower official carried the documents." }, { "ja": "下吏として役所に勤めた。", "en": "He served in the office as a lower official." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2543defe48bb78b046c131eb312734c58f1c290cb786d0547f9cf61483019f94", "meanings": [ "下级官吏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "下吏が書類を運んだ。", "zh": "下级官吏搬运了文件。" }, { "ja": "下吏として役所に勤めた。", "zh": "他作为下级官吏在衙门任职。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3c350abfd3", "JMdict ent_seq 1186520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "38ce0f399e9d71db9849570de55815c920ea5856df0a83eab33efa0baf55f23f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "86c52538cd", "word": "仮", "reading": "かり", "romaji": "kari", "meanings": [ "tentative", "provisional" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1187290, "examples": [ { "ja": "仮のブリッジをいれます。", "en": "You'll need a temporary bridge.", "tatoeba_id": 188180 }, { "ja": "仮の議事内容を送付しました。", "en": "Attached is the tentative agenda.", "tatoeba_id": 188179 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "04f0d3eb08190ad4421398ce0ddd96fed742fd91fc2a94f45ffe9c49ea916ece", "meanings": [ "暂时", "临时" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "仮のブリッジをいれます。", "zh": "给您装临时牙桥。" }, { "ja": "仮の議事内容を送付しました。", "zh": "发送了暂定议程。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/86c52538cd", "JMdict ent_seq 1187290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8e7397e7bae3413d94f8f490eb38257ef2a78e95e807b7fb0c2473a4bf2339a5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1e5e52057a", "word": "借り", "reading": "かり", "romaji": "kari", "meanings": [ "borrowing", "debt", "loan" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1323540, "examples": [ { "ja": "なした約束は払ってない借りである。", "furigana": "なした{約束|やくそく}は{払|はら}ってない{借|か}りである。", "en": "A promise made is a debt unpaid.", "tatoeba_id": 199301 }, { "ja": "私は君にいくら借りがありますか。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{君|きみ}にいくら{借|か}りがありますか。", "en": "How much do I owe you?", "tatoeba_id": 157469 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d8c5f6edbd0768052f761803154d6e4c0ee96ddf07e551369efd85d237797fc2", "meanings": [ "借款", "欠债" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "なした約束は払ってない借りである。", "zh": "许下的承诺是未还的债。" }, { "ja": "私は君にいくら借りがありますか。", "zh": "我欠你多少钱？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1e5e52057a", "JMdict ent_seq 1323540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f7771409c1f61710d98d9538b136569589640eb5a15538704d672bc14136c32b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8f03e9fe5a", "word": "がる", "reading": "がる", "romaji": "garu", "meanings": [ "feel" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf", "v5r" ], "jmdict_id": 1631750, "examples": [ { "ja": "私が早く去るので彼らは残念がった。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}が{早|はや}く{去|さ}るので{彼|かれ}らは{残念|ざんねん}がった。", "en": "My leaving early made them feel sorry.", "tatoeba_id": 167603 }, { "ja": "子どもが寒がっている。", "en": "The child is showing signs of feeling cold." }, { "ja": "彼は痛がっている。", "en": "He is showing signs of pain." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b7b9e79b82ccf50787fccbdae7019cb33b41228f39b6a3b3d21476d10668592e", "meanings": [ "表现出……的感觉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私が早く去るので彼らは残念がった。", "zh": "因为我早走，他们感到遗憾。" }, { "ja": "子どもが寒がっている。", "zh": "孩子表现出很冷的样子。" }, { "ja": "彼は痛がっている。", "zh": "他表现出疼痛的样子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8f03e9fe5a", "JMdict ent_seq 1631750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5959c2b934bfddeac8f1a83c5a37251cc62b0ba095b6cb375afdc5e506c8f93c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f37b92c192", "word": "カルテ", "reading": "カルテ", "romaji": "karute", "meanings": [ "(de:) (n) clinical records (de: Karte)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1039000, "examples": [ { "ja": "このカルテを持って３階のレントゲン室へ行ってください。", "en": "Please take this chart to the X-ray Room on the third floor.", "tatoeba_id": 223875 }, { "ja": "たいていの病院ではカルテはアルファベット順に保管されている。", "en": "The clinical records in most hospitals are kept in alphabetical order.", "tatoeba_id": 203924 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "633a7d6b4bd617163b3e510ec9685c553d4d56126281e1d7cd424c4e25417911", "meanings": [ "病历" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このカルテを持って３階のレントゲン室へ行ってください。", "zh": "请拿着这份病历去三楼的放射室。" }, { "ja": "たいていの病院ではカルテはアルファベット順に保管されている。", "zh": "大多数医院按字母顺序保存病历。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f37b92c192", "JMdict ent_seq 1039000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6e484af1dcbfd1724e08ffbb19e865180bc1f07ee1315e119241d6b7a2116673", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2270685c93", "word": "ガレージ", "reading": "ガレージ", "romaji": "gareeji", "meanings": [ "garage (at house)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1040530, "examples": [ { "ja": "父はガレージを掃除している。", "furigana": "{父|ちち}はガレージを{掃除|そうじ}している。", "en": "My father is sweeping the garage.", "tatoeba_id": 84738 }, { "ja": "ガレージは家のそばにあります。", "furigana": "ガレージは{家|いえ}のそばにあります。", "en": "The garage is at the side of the house.", "tatoeba_id": 226153 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b226f35595471d28992fb0b0449a4d2586e6efb79c4d084778ab3533c7a9c398", "meanings": [ "车库" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "父はガレージを掃除している。", "zh": "父亲正在打扫车库。" }, { "ja": "ガレージは家のそばにあります。", "zh": "车库在房子旁边。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2270685c93", "JMdict ent_seq 1040530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "da860db88498edf3a144c94132c5d872778838ba4b380c120f6c11d70d7875f0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4012ffd5eb", "word": "涸れる", "reading": "かれる", "romaji": "kareru", "meanings": [ "to dry up", "to run out" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1568740, "examples": [ { "ja": "水の価値は井戸がかれて初めて分かる。", "furigana": "{水|みず}の{価値|かち}は{井戸|いど}がかれて{初|はじ}めて{分|わ}かる。", "en": "We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.", "tatoeba_id": 143793 }, { "ja": "その川は水がかれてしまった。", "furigana": "その{川|かわ}は{水|みず}がかれてしまった。", "en": "The river has dried up.", "tatoeba_id": 208497 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1ee96d4e8cc45c9abfda3b38bec34bc4048ddbd265a933c889820b68c7a7bc5f", "meanings": [ "干涸", "枯竭" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "水の価値は井戸がかれて初めて分かる。", "zh": "只有井干了才知道水的价值。" }, { "ja": "その川は水がかれてしまった。", "zh": "那条河已经干涸了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4012ffd5eb", "JMdict ent_seq 1568740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "892957843bd8a610cc85ad97da169109ecdc73ad0216160296cafa4594d4728f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7586c985b1", "word": "過労", "reading": "かろう", "romaji": "karou", "meanings": [ "overwork", "strain" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1196490, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は過労でくたくたになっていた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{過労|かろう}でくたくたになっていた。", "en": "She was worn out from overwork.", "tatoeba_id": 90795 }, { "ja": "彼は過労の結果病気になっている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{過労|かろう}の{結果|けっか}{病気|びょうき}になっている。", "en": "He's suffering from the effects of overwork.", "tatoeba_id": 109164 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fe4f89de88a967df4287ba825e4419f46591041201246d54d94ab5c8d003cf3f", "meanings": [ "过劳" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は過労でくたくたになっていた。", "zh": "她因过劳而筋疲力尽。" }, { "ja": "彼は過労の結果病気になっている。", "zh": "他因过度劳累生病了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7586c985b1", "JMdict ent_seq 1196490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bb5fab9c630557417706c523d9d57c45152e7bab3735df6ef3543d347c806bf0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "68a47d4c28", "word": "辛うじて", "reading": "かろうじて", "romaji": "karoujite", "meanings": [ "barely", "narrowly", "just manage to do st" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1365870, "examples": [ { "ja": "際どいところを辛うじて助かった。", "furigana": "{際|きわ}どいところを{辛|かろ}うじて{助|たす}かった。", "en": "I had a close shave.", "tatoeba_id": 170240 }, { "ja": "彼女は涙を辛うじておさえた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{涙|なみだ}を{辛|かろ}うじておさえた。", "en": "She restrained tears with difficulty.", "tatoeba_id": 86237 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7a2c9355f76fce05a6c5e350932291f90b163e6356f775bf089f6ea8ece24bbf", "meanings": [ "勉强", "好不容易" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "際どいところを辛うじて助かった。", "zh": "千钧一发之际勉强得救了。" }, { "ja": "彼女は涙を辛うじておさえた。", "zh": "她勉强忍住了眼泪。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/68a47d4c28", "JMdict ent_seq 1365870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "86ae88c03b284a0e6c92a35b0a9405e62e05019f0921e92185bf221d168585e5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ddb35e549d", "word": "側", "reading": "がわ", "romaji": "gawa", "meanings": [ "side", "row", "surroundings", "part", "(watch) case" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1581310, "other_readings": [ "かわ" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "審判はどちらの側も支持するべきではない。", "furigana": "{審判|しんぱん}はどちらの{側|がわ}も{支持|しじ}するべきではない。", "en": "A referee should not favor either side.", "tatoeba_id": 145618 }, { "ja": "通りのどちら側にも駐車できます。", "furigana": "{通|とお}りのどちら{側|がわ}にも{駐車|ちゅうしゃ}できます。", "en": "You can park on either side of the street.", "tatoeba_id": 125638 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "345536ff8a75795d6c869866e12899e1f1c7086c1f3868fecb51c61de9c55040", "meanings": [ "一侧", "方面" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "審判はどちらの側も支持するべきではない。", "zh": "裁判不应支持任何一方。" }, { "ja": "通りのどちら側にも駐車できます。", "zh": "街道两边都可以停车。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ddb35e549d", "JMdict ent_seq 1581310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1c109336175c194937236b3d9eeaf21ad83bfe7dd271c01fc7f6f4aa7ecb5d3d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b966033b0e", "word": "交わす", "reading": "かわす", "romaji": "kawasu", "meanings": [ "to exchange (messages)", "to dodge", "to parry", "to avoid", "to turn aside" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1590750, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはあいさつを交わし合った。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちはあいさつを{交|か}わし{合|あ}った。", "en": "We exchanged greetings.", "tatoeba_id": 166653 }, { "ja": "彼らは激論を交わしていた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{激論|げきろん}を{交|か}わしていた。", "en": "They were engaged in a heated argument.", "tatoeba_id": 97278 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "538c8bfc95704e9412630f2dcf056f6869b8f030bf74bbca750f995c178f10ff", "meanings": [ "交换", "互相" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはあいさつを交わし合った。", "zh": "我们互相打了招呼。" }, { "ja": "彼らは激論を交わしていた。", "zh": "他们激烈地争论着。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b966033b0e", "JMdict ent_seq 1590750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8a6515bc4c15126da52570f461f7494ef831ad4cb2c3a1714892b4eb2ca99a4f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "指互相交换言辞或动作；躲避多写作かわす／躱す。" } }, { "id": "2a2e56c75e", "word": "代わる代わる", "reading": "かわるがわる", "romaji": "kawarugawaru", "meanings": [ "alternately" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1590830, "examples": [ { "ja": "二人はかわるがわる試みた。", "furigana": "{二人|ふたり}はかわるがわる{試|こころ}みた。", "en": "The two tried one after the other.", "tatoeba_id": 123077 }, { "ja": "私たちは代わる代わる馬の世話をした。", "en": "We took care of our horses by turns.", "tatoeba_id": 165467 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e95640be0249681819a904cc52355cbdb220e1da41c74cc314d0f95f1280db89", "meanings": [ "轮流", "交替" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "二人はかわるがわる試みた。", "zh": "两人轮流尝试。" }, { "ja": "私たちは代わる代わる馬の世話をした。", "zh": "我们轮流照顾马。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2a2e56c75e", "JMdict ent_seq 1590830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "41b1d6a4814460dbd17a7aaf21867ef2a6af63f2dd2a27dde1b35dc06eb854f7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8ac22c99b5", "word": "管", "reading": "かん", "romaji": "kan", "meanings": [ "pipe", "tube" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1577650, "examples": [ { "ja": "管から水が吹き出した。", "furigana": "{管|かん}から{水|みず}が{吹|ふ}き{出|だ}した。", "en": "Water shot from the pipe.", "tatoeba_id": 183844 }, { "ja": "細い管に水を通す。", "en": "Run water through the narrow tube." }, { "ja": "管の接続部分を調べた。", "en": "I checked the connection in the pipe." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5f1c6b83f493b92f1046b9089211d0f31e3f876709671254b225574f4ed4272d", "meanings": [ "管", "管道" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "管から水が吹き出した。", "zh": "水从管子里喷出来。" }, { "ja": "細い管に水を通す。", "zh": "让水通过细管。" }, { "ja": "管の接続部分を調べた。", "zh": "我检查了管子的连接处。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8ac22c99b5", "JMdict ent_seq 1577650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ef492bfe9422ad2f841c048cae3c667a8469b4ce6ed52b593cfa77d1757d6076", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e36dea4beb", "word": "観", "reading": "かん", "romaji": "kan", "meanings": [ "look", "appearance", "spectacle" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1214770, "examples": [ { "ja": "これがアメリカ人から見た日本観です。", "en": "This is Japan as Americans see it.", "tatoeba_id": 219014 }, { "ja": "私には彼のレジャー観が面白い。", "en": "I find his ideas about leisure interesting.", "tatoeba_id": 164526 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fcdd2b544d856060c7de4f92da040a65e4e1b6cc6f01afabbb2a78b25b33953d", "meanings": [ "观点", "看法" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これがアメリカ人から見た日本観です。", "zh": "这是美国人眼中的日本观。" }, { "ja": "私には彼のレジャー観が面白い。", "zh": "我觉得他对休闲的看法很有意思。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e36dea4beb", "JMdict ent_seq 1214770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1be553e86fd2f440ebe39ae9f2a63bdf8f5bc6ea9398469c3c5c6530591801f8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "982393851b", "word": "館", "reading": "かん", "romaji": "kan", "meanings": [ "house", "hall", "building", "hotel", "inn", "guesthouse" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1929870, "examples": [ { "ja": "タッソーろう人形館へ行く道を教えて頂けませんか。", "en": "Could you tell me the way to Madame Tussaud's?", "tatoeba_id": 203597 }, { "ja": "新しい図書館が開館した。", "en": "The new library opened." }, { "ja": "美術館は月曜日が休館です。", "en": "The art museum is closed on Mondays." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3886ef0fbcce733174eff3ac7c431da1ab654d48aa8fafe450ea3bcbb12573bb", "meanings": [ "馆", "建筑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "タッソーろう人形館へ行く道を教えて頂けませんか。", "zh": "请问去杜莎夫人蜡像馆怎么走？" }, { "ja": "新しい図書館が開館した。", "zh": "新图书馆开馆了。" }, { "ja": "美術館は月曜日が休館です。", "zh": "美术馆星期一闭馆。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/982393851b", "JMdict ent_seq 1929870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4c4cb78cf70ad8e992dccfd12deeb297d0fbeb6c5458b617e51bc8bbac327edf", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3032faf776", "word": "癌", "reading": "がん", "romaji": "gan", "meanings": [ "cancer" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1217110, "examples": [ { "ja": "クッキーのお母さんはガンで死んだ。", "furigana": "クッキーのお{母|かあ}さんはガンで{死|し}んだ。", "en": "Cookie's mother died of cancer.", "tatoeba_id": 225676 }, { "ja": "叔父の死因は癌だったそうです。", "furigana": "{叔父|おじ}の{死因|しいん}は{癌|がん}だったそうです。", "en": "I hear my uncle died of cancer.", "tatoeba_id": 147929 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "08e3dd6152e9023303dde2ee5bf529534802ab3a4aae496d7f5a63d7cc000fa1", "meanings": [ "癌症" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "クッキーのお母さんはガンで死んだ。", "zh": "库奇的母亲死于癌症。" }, { "ja": "叔父の死因は癌だったそうです。", "zh": "听说叔叔死于癌症。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3032faf776", "JMdict ent_seq 1217110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c87c31a114d9dbfa828cb0bfa10fe7c489b30a2d4edcea2edd769edb516371ef", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8d1c155181", "word": "簡易", "reading": "かんい", "romaji": "kan'i", "meanings": [ "simplicity", "easiness", "quasi-" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1214270, "examples": [ { "ja": "簡易ベッドの組み立て方を教えてもらえますか。", "furigana": "{簡易|かんい}ベッドの{組|く}み{立|た}て{方|かた}を{教|おし}えてもらえますか。", "en": "Will you show me how to set up a cot?", "tatoeba_id": 183842 }, { "ja": "簡易ベッドで寝てるんだ。", "en": "I sleep on a cot.", "tatoeba_id": 10153679 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5db6d91ad6b263699834cb23de4b9eb2e58a82fcb010588b2f512da64d70a88f", "meanings": [ "简易" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "簡易ベッドの組み立て方を教えてもらえますか。", "zh": "能告诉我简易床怎么组装吗？" }, { "ja": "簡易ベッドで寝てるんだ。", "zh": "我睡在简易床上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8d1c155181", "JMdict ent_seq 1214270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7cb9e9ee1bd7e48d0d0d3b94c4d1371dff4d001ca5091265dde281c932a3d2ad", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c1fa0bdbba", "word": "眼科", "reading": "がんか", "romaji": "ganka", "meanings": [ "ophthalmology" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1217150, "examples": [ { "ja": "眼科で視力検査をしました。", "en": "I took an eyesight test in the eye clinic.", "tatoeba_id": 13715788 }, { "ja": "眼科で目を診てもらう。", "en": "Have my eyes examined at ophthalmology." }, { "ja": "眼科の予約を取った。", "en": "I made an ophthalmology appointment." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4ff55e00cfcec2da2b2c8cd26bf1996f416b0a767591831cf7124f2ead82683b", "meanings": [ "眼科" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "眼科で視力検査をしました。", "zh": "我在眼科做了视力检查。" }, { "ja": "眼科で目を診てもらう。", "zh": "在眼科检查眼睛。" }, { "ja": "眼科の予約を取った。", "zh": "我预约了眼科。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c1fa0bdbba", "JMdict ent_seq 1217150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d4c9f5ceea05d0ee9ed3064f0a3da8a89bf4bfd47f163d72fc6ee7b6aa0d0c52", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "229675dfd1", "word": "感慨", "reading": "かんがい", "romaji": "kangai", "meanings": [ "strong feelings", "deep emotion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1212310, "examples": [ { "ja": "卒業式に出て感慨を覚えた。", "en": "Attending the graduation ceremony filled me with emotion." }, { "ja": "長い努力を振り返り感慨にふけった。", "en": "I reflected with deep emotion on years of effort." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "036cfa098324d796a22635190247e5832fa7f3b0417e62f2b12460a2a6e7a830", "meanings": [ "感慨" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "卒業式に出て感慨を覚えた。", "zh": "参加毕业典礼让我心生感慨。" }, { "ja": "長い努力を振り返り感慨にふけった。", "zh": "回顾多年的努力，我感慨万千。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/229675dfd1", "JMdict ent_seq 1212310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "79e92d9bcd13c81469c7d1c428ed3f04d92d0326f9bf757c4eb1947c76822424", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fd76167657", "word": "寒気", "reading": "かんき", "romaji": "kanki", "meanings": [ "cold", "frost", "chill" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2866134, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は寒気を防ぐために厚いコートを着ていた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{寒気|かんき}を{防|ふせ}ぐために{厚|あつ}いコートを{着|き}ていた。", "en": "She was wearing a thick coat against the chill.", "tatoeba_id": 90669 }, { "ja": "窓から寒気が入ってきた。", "en": "Cold air came in through the window." }, { "ja": "寒気が南へ流れ込む。", "en": "Cold air is moving south." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6e27c7dac9878b61ff7ece81d2f6e86fa197ed8bbc3795b75fa6af458f84dac9", "meanings": [ "寒气", "冷空气" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は寒気を防ぐために厚いコートを着ていた。", "zh": "她穿了厚大衣抵御寒气。" }, { "ja": "窓から寒気が入ってきた。", "zh": "寒气从窗户进来了。" }, { "ja": "寒気が南へ流れ込む。", "zh": "冷空气向南流动。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fd76167657", "JMdict ent_seq 2866134; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5ffbf6c863d56bdb850e6da1063e9d9c2171a865536fb048cd2d8aeb830b7a97", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fdf92d887d", "word": "眼球", "reading": "がんきゅう", "romaji": "gankyuu", "meanings": [ "eyeball" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1217180, "examples": [ { "ja": "豚の眼球は食べても大丈夫なんですか？", "en": "Is it safe to eat a pig's eyeball?", "tatoeba_id": 8802677 }, { "ja": "医師が眼球の状態を調べた。", "en": "The doctor examined the condition of the eyeball." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8d2962f8b2578e416c7f446d261df1bff7816139dffd4dd632be96f6e16710e3", "meanings": [ "眼球" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "豚の眼球は食べても大丈夫なんですか？", "zh": "猪的眼球吃了没问题吗？" }, { "ja": "医師が眼球の状態を調べた。", "zh": "医生检查了眼球的状况。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fdf92d887d", "JMdict ent_seq 1217180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0319918498249a3aaa69d0d43788fc55d23abad4820faea0638744eb4cf5b428", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "208f1c892d", "word": "眼鏡", "reading": "がんきょう", "romaji": "gankyou", "meanings": [ "spectacles", "glasses" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2862467, "examples": [ { "ja": "眼鏡をかけて本を読む。", "en": "I read a book wearing glasses." }, { "ja": "新しい眼鏡を作った。", "en": "I had new glasses made." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ab86c04122f4048931345821df6979c81337fc4fec48a805e5658d74189665d5", "meanings": [ "眼镜" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "眼鏡をかけて本を読む。", "zh": "我戴着眼镜读书。" }, { "ja": "新しい眼鏡を作った。", "zh": "我配了新眼镜。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/208f1c892d", "JMdict ent_seq 2862467; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7d24df487a5e0ec9bf910bf1392f2714e60b90bc72daa3875518df5a5673727c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "32936b686e", "word": "簡潔", "reading": "かんけつ", "romaji": "kanketsu", "meanings": [ "brevity", "conciseness", "simplicity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1214290, "examples": [ { "ja": "簡潔は機知の精髄。", "furigana": "{簡潔|かんけつ}は{機知|きち}の{精髄|せいずい}。", "en": "Brevity is the soul of wit.", "tatoeba_id": 183838 }, { "ja": "それを簡潔にしましょう。", "furigana": "それを{簡潔|かんけつ}にしましょう。", "en": "Let's make it brief.", "tatoeba_id": 204614 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5460229b3ee511669f8a542a54527f01ff58bfb55105ea5b685bda6e94ca5dc3", "meanings": [ "简洁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "簡潔は機知の精髄。", "zh": "简洁是机智的精髓。" }, { "ja": "それを簡潔にしましょう。", "zh": "把那个弄得简洁一些吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/32936b686e", "JMdict ent_seq 1214290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "391d26e95e5c954e18f1a4ccb2596abf833acce89a17eb49c037d461e12fa0d9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "604ed9d75d", "word": "還元", "reading": "かんげん", "romaji": "kangen", "meanings": [ "resolution", "reduction", "return to origins" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1215130, "examples": [ { "ja": "ゲイツ会長、広告収入をユーザーに還元する意向表明。", "en": "Bill Gates announces intent to return advertising revenue to the users.", "tatoeba_id": 76778 }, { "ja": "利益を利用者に還元する。", "en": "Return the profits to users." }, { "ja": "物質を元の状態に還元する。", "en": "Restore the substance to its original state." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6230182b378a4be45786346f993daebaa5cb05a1cf171192b4a777fd9889e208", "meanings": [ "还原", "回馈" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ゲイツ会長、広告収入をユーザーに還元する意向表明。", "zh": "盖茨董事长表示打算把广告收入回馈给用户。" }, { "ja": "利益を利用者に還元する。", "zh": "把收益回馈给用户。" }, { "ja": "物質を元の状態に還元する。", "zh": "把物质还原到原来的状态。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/604ed9d75d", "JMdict ent_seq 1215130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1ea4729b9cb11adf649a8e46a7623b725befe441dc18109f82d978099767119f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "48c30478f7", "word": "漢語", "reading": "かんご", "romaji": "kango", "meanings": [ "Chinese word", "Sino-Japanese word" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1213150, "examples": [ { "ja": "漢語はもともと外来語です。", "en": "Kanji compounds are originally loanwords.", "tatoeba_id": 13714062 }, { "ja": "漢語には中国語に由来する言葉が多い。", "en": "Many Sino-Japanese words originate in Chinese." }, { "ja": "和語と漢語の違いを学ぶ。", "en": "Learn the difference between native and Sino-Japanese words." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e502c551b2918fcfa64088b31245b3c74e9b65966b0baabfd4a6291b23c7e6a7", "meanings": [ "汉语词", "汉字词" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "漢語はもともと外来語です。", "zh": "汉语词原本是外来语。" }, { "ja": "漢語には中国語に由来する言葉が多い。", "zh": "汉语词中很多词源于汉语。" }, { "ja": "和語と漢語の違いを学ぶ。", "zh": "学习和语与汉语词的区别。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/48c30478f7", "JMdict ent_seq 1213150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a9b69ff08d39f4af8ca422161868d817a39d86ea694a9f1d94c87fb24ffa93ec", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "46452a33da", "word": "看護", "reading": "かんご", "romaji": "kango", "meanings": [ "nursing", "(army) nurse" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1213810, "examples": [ { "ja": "その病人は最上の看護を受けた。", "furigana": "その{病人|びょうにん}は{最上|さいじょう}の{看護|かんご}を{受|う}けた。", "en": "The sick person had the best of care.", "tatoeba_id": 207054 }, { "ja": "彼女は病院で看護されていた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{病院|びょういん}で{看護|かんご}されていた。", "en": "She was looked after in the hospital.", "tatoeba_id": 87049 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3c3c3b62ba9c7ed69081564c81f8ef25c871ca402d92391bfaea26f29719ae4b", "meanings": [ "护理", "照料" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その病人は最上の看護を受けた。", "zh": "那位病人得到了最好的护理。" }, { "ja": "彼女は病院で看護されていた。", "zh": "她在医院接受护理。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/46452a33da", "JMdict ent_seq 1213810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f77ecbc18a61da52e20e5d45f748ffa2ee1ab22d832bec60fef91b229e3d1f03", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3a51656702", "word": "頑固", "reading": "がんこ", "romaji": "ganko", "meanings": [ "stubbornness", "obstinacy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1217680, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は性質が頑固だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{性質|せいしつ}が{頑固|がんこ}だ。", "en": "He is obstinate in disposition.", "tatoeba_id": 103395 }, { "ja": "頑固になればなるほど独立するよ。", "furigana": "{頑固|がんこ}になればなるほど{独立|どくりつ}するよ。", "en": "The more stubborn you are, the more isolated you become.", "tatoeba_id": 183655 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8b83f336fc886f842a102acafe3788bc5034ae582678efaf4edbc5277222bec0", "meanings": [ "顽固", "固执" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は性質が頑固だ。", "zh": "他性格固执。" }, { "ja": "頑固になればなるほど独立するよ。", "zh": "越是固执，就越独立。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3a51656702", "JMdict ent_seq 1217680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e115f45a152502836b3169cd972768c87418bd358524ff556eb590ac29fddfb1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "83c370d019", "word": "刊行", "reading": "かんこう", "romaji": "kankou", "meanings": [ "publication", "issue" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1210570, "examples": [ { "ja": "ついに新しい小説が刊行された。", "en": "The new novel was finally published.", "tatoeba_id": 4211985 }, { "ja": "研究成果を本として刊行した。", "en": "The research results were published as a book." }, { "ja": "雑誌は毎月刊行される。", "en": "The magazine is published monthly." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f3e4e5419c78d491aa5d317e1833946143412131bb53e919adcd38177bec1d5d", "meanings": [ "刊行", "出版" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ついに新しい小説が刊行された。", "zh": "新小说终于出版了。" }, { "ja": "研究成果を本として刊行した。", "zh": "研究成果以书的形式出版了。" }, { "ja": "雑誌は毎月刊行される。", "zh": "杂志每月出版。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/83c370d019", "JMdict ent_seq 1210570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3892f189d6c8786543f538f7f9cc5fda4a93dd4d912c0d04d7d8aa3f0da9ac8b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d093342f1e", "word": "慣行", "reading": "かんこう", "romaji": "kankou", "meanings": [ "customary practice", "habit", "traditional event" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1212680, "examples": [ { "ja": "その慣行は廃止すべきだ。", "furigana": "その{慣行|かんこう}は{廃止|はいし}すべきだ。", "en": "The practice should be done away with.", "tatoeba_id": 211596 }, { "ja": "経営慣行の信頼が株価暴落によって損なわれてしまいました。", "en": "Confidence in management practices was undermined by the crash.", "tatoeba_id": 176503 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ce5a48a26a6e9e5209a018f39e354e28d41cf6290f9bd08a72e6728107f9edcb", "meanings": [ "惯例", "习惯做法" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その慣行は廃止すべきだ。", "zh": "那项惯例应该废除。" }, { "ja": "経営慣行の信頼が株価暴落によって損なわれてしまいました。", "zh": "对经营惯例的信任因股价暴跌而受损。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d093342f1e", "JMdict ent_seq 1212680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ce4c22be4753c0677f3ca7f9c41f4eb6c0210d00904a72ef7f7e81b12ae3c3b1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "473f338072", "word": "勧告", "reading": "かんこく", "romaji": "kankoku", "meanings": [ "advice", "counsel", "remonstrance", "recommendation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1210970, "examples": [ { "ja": "政府に改善を勧告した。", "en": "We recommended that the government make improvements." }, { "ja": "委員会の勧告を受け入れた。", "en": "The committee’s recommendation was accepted." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c5f8d65b9da2a7f918bbb5cfb4bb81f01b3eb6e90e1c3c2bd98d11e1f2fc747a", "meanings": [ "劝告", "建议" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "政府に改善を勧告した。", "zh": "我们建议政府进行改进。" }, { "ja": "委員会の勧告を受け入れた。", "zh": "委员会的建议被采纳了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/473f338072", "JMdict ent_seq 1210970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "766b337dd09f5747a0b98fb880de96b168d30bd43fb7d43a67d42d8f00bbb2af", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0af3e8ffd5", "word": "換算", "reading": "かんさん", "romaji": "kansan", "meanings": [ "conversion", "change", "exchange" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1212820, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたは何でも金に換算して考えない方がよい。", "en": "You had better not think of everything in terms of money.", "tatoeba_id": 232242 }, { "ja": "彼は何でもお金に換算してしまう。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{何|なん}でもお{金|かね}に{換算|かんさん}してしまう。", "en": "He thinks of everything in terms of money.", "tatoeba_id": 97483 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5e0e1210436a9514a0d53fafcdb5e677297397fc1518b5e12c8e6437871913b7", "meanings": [ "换算" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたは何でも金に換算して考えない方がよい。", "zh": "你最好不要把什么都换算成钱来考虑。" }, { "ja": "彼は何でもお金に換算してしまう。", "zh": "他把什么都换算成钱。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0af3e8ffd5", "JMdict ent_seq 1212820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b46a007191f09bd4dd4164b2abeb7186c05952a209d5126d33125f356f0c9125", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2d92e8aee6", "word": "監視", "reading": "かんし", "romaji": "kanshi", "meanings": [ "observation", "guarding", "inspection", "surveillance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1213680, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は衛生監視員である。", "en": "He is a sanitary inspector.", "tatoeba_id": 109611 }, { "ja": "国連はその国の選挙を監視した。", "furigana": "{国連|こくれん}はその{国|くに}の{選挙|せんきょ}を{監視|かんし}した。", "en": "The U.N. monitored the country's elections.", "tatoeba_id": 173009 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c72a87390fd19281db3b84ebeb41699cb3ec9e3407d0dd7fb05d1d9e4a55f921", "meanings": [ "监视", "监督" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は衛生監視員である。", "zh": "他是卫生监督员。" }, { "ja": "国連はその国の選挙を監視した。", "zh": "联合国监督了那个国家的选举。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2d92e8aee6", "JMdict ent_seq 1213680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c02a371119adc7161cbf093917783bcb799a5def07e8715a97b6b37e479b4ace", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "159cb0134a", "word": "慣習", "reading": "かんしゅう", "romaji": "kanshuu", "meanings": [ "usual (historical) custom" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1212700, "examples": [ { "ja": "その慣習は守らなくてはならない。", "furigana": "その{慣習|かんしゅう}は{守|まも}らなくてはならない。", "en": "That institution must be protected.", "tatoeba_id": 211595 }, { "ja": "この慣習はやめなければならない。", "furigana": "この{慣習|かんしゅう}はやめなければならない。", "en": "This custom should be done away with.", "tatoeba_id": 222577 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f6075d9451798a435f6f134083a3fdde092dff18d1d4fc6d8348f0ec089a7721", "meanings": [ "习惯", "惯例" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その慣習は守らなくてはならない。", "zh": "必须遵守那项习惯。" }, { "ja": "この慣習はやめなければならない。", "zh": "必须停止这一习惯。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/159cb0134a", "JMdict ent_seq 1212700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e64056b71ec013ab7e98b3829bd0b83402fbdcaceaad462c71ad3fb9cd5e8bfa", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d880e351b3", "word": "観衆", "reading": "かんしゅう", "romaji": "kanshuu", "meanings": [ "spectators", "onlookers", "members of the audience" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1214930, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのショーは観衆には楽しいものであった。", "furigana": "そのショーは{観衆|かんしゅう}には{楽|たの}しいものであった。", "en": "The show was pleasing to the audience.", "tatoeba_id": 213042 }, { "ja": "歌手が登場すると観衆は歓声を上げた。", "furigana": "{歌手|かしゅ}が{登場|とうじょう}すると{観衆|かんしゅう}は{歓声|かんせい}を{上|あ}げた。", "en": "The crowd cheered the singer's entrance.", "tatoeba_id": 186781 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5650cf02b3dec0733f6b2f02665bc95ed628e0dc957377fd86d0c9aeee99b8fb", "meanings": [ "观众" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのショーは観衆には楽しいものであった。", "zh": "那场演出令观众很开心。" }, { "ja": "歌手が登場すると観衆は歓声を上げた。", "zh": "歌手一登场，观众就欢呼起来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d880e351b3", "JMdict ent_seq 1214930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a947db13d34e4172d28eb4b66e89d3c56c948b3e229b0c5a7dfd77615da4c45c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d49401e144", "word": "願書", "reading": "がんしょ", "romaji": "gansho", "meanings": [ "written application or petition" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1218050, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は東京銀行へ就職の願書を出した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{東京|とうきょう}{銀行|ぎんこう}へ{就職|しゅうしょく}の{願書|がんしょ}を{出|だ}した。", "en": "He applied for a job with the Bank of Tokyo.", "tatoeba_id": 101764 }, { "ja": "彼は事務所に願書を提出した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{事務所|じむしょ}に{願書|がんしょ}を{提出|ていしゅつ}した。", "en": "He sent in his application to the office.", "tatoeba_id": 105334 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c12b4d4da7f36cc6d638874ca3615051eae306e67f973fed9341a1761121e3c0", "meanings": [ "申请书" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は東京銀行へ就職の願書を出した。", "zh": "他向东京银行提交了求职申请书。" }, { "ja": "彼は事務所に願書を提出した。", "zh": "他向办公室提交了申请书。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d49401e144", "JMdict ent_seq 1218050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d9ffae7250aadbb85304822785d1635101e010069b517c7e322001356bdf683f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7911d71bb7", "word": "干渉", "reading": "かんしょう", "romaji": "kanshou", "meanings": [ "interference", "intervention" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1212050, "examples": [ { "ja": "僕のことに干渉しないでくれ。", "furigana": "{僕|ぼく}のことに{干渉|かんしょう}しないでくれ。", "en": "Don't interfere in my affairs.", "tatoeba_id": 82262 }, { "ja": "大国は小国に干渉すべきではない。", "furigana": "{大国|たいこく}は{小国|しょうこく}に{干渉|かんしょう}すべきではない。", "en": "The big nations should not interfere with the smaller nations.", "tatoeba_id": 137562 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ffb8cf359f1b23d8cf8a5fd33c5abdc4da9ef9a6e5b3782916ffdc2ae6e3fcd8", "meanings": [ "干涉", "干预" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "僕のことに干渉しないでくれ。", "zh": "不要干涉我的事。" }, { "ja": "大国は小国に干渉すべきではない。", "zh": "大国不应该干涉小国。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7911d71bb7", "JMdict ent_seq 1212050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d51a37492f02468667c0a6e353d5355953c4322ab3f79f973b3abed1c19bd5d1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fb0ee55a03", "word": "頑丈", "reading": "がんじょう", "romaji": "ganjou", "meanings": [ "solid", "firm", "stout", "burly", "strong", "sturdy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1217690, "examples": [ { "ja": "これは掛けるのにたいそう頑丈ないすだ。", "en": "This is a very sturdy chair to sit in.", "tatoeba_id": 218461 }, { "ja": "その納屋は小さかったが頑丈だった。", "furigana": "その{納屋|なや}は{小|ちい}さかったが{頑丈|がんじょう}だった。", "en": "The barn was small, but it was strong.", "tatoeba_id": 207281 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7686ed7515373ea95bacc79cbabdc9c2a5f4e830cc974d24c89bc480f71b866f", "meanings": [ "结实", "坚固" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これは掛けるのにたいそう頑丈ないすだ。", "zh": "这是一把坐起来非常结实的椅子。" }, { "ja": "その納屋は小さかったが頑丈だった。", "zh": "那座谷仓虽小，却很坚固。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fb0ee55a03", "JMdict ent_seq 1217690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4e62d34c0226d032f7509600692a3bf52a4cef1205ccbb282ccf69fe5d9fff30", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d2365542f9", "word": "感触", "reading": "かんしょく", "romaji": "kanshoku", "meanings": [ "sense of touch", "feeling", "sensation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1212440, "examples": [ { "ja": "これはシルクの感触だ。", "furigana": "これはシルクの{感触|かんしょく}だ。", "en": "This feels like silk.", "tatoeba_id": 218606 }, { "ja": "布の柔らかな感触が好きだ。", "en": "I like the soft feel of the fabric." }, { "ja": "交渉ではよい感触を得た。", "en": "The negotiations gave me a good impression." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a08763870402a84a74f3b12f6e32421f2127fc6e688e48bf6a636fce73e30abd", "meanings": [ "触感", "感觉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これはシルクの感触だ。", "zh": "这是丝绸的触感。" }, { "ja": "布の柔らかな感触が好きだ。", "zh": "我喜欢这块布柔软的触感。" }, { "ja": "交渉ではよい感触を得た。", "zh": "谈判给我留下了不错的感觉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d2365542f9", "JMdict ent_seq 1212440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5785b2985279a4d6cbc09cd7e01f07d169c2af3032867c891e0d099814c2dbcf", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a8c2f09a8d", "word": "肝心", "reading": "かんじん", "romaji": "kanjin", "meanings": [ "essential", "fundamental", "crucial", "vital", "main" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1590870, "examples": [ { "ja": "なんであれ物事の本体を捕らえる事が肝心だ。", "furigana": "なんであれ{物事|ものごと}の{本体|ほんたい}を{捕|と}らえる{事|こと}が{肝心|かんじん}だ。", "en": "No matter what the problem is, it's essential to get at the heart of the matter.", "tatoeba_id": 198948 }, { "ja": "何事も最初が肝心だよな。", "furigana": "{何事|なにごと}も{最初|さいしょ}が{肝心|かんじん}だよな。", "en": "Whatever you're doing, starting off on the right foot is essential.", "tatoeba_id": 187477 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "aa4b61845b1543f8b5b41af13723e9c543e0e7776648b4d8acca4e0f58f1f2f6", "meanings": [ "关键", "重要" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "なんであれ物事の本体を捕らえる事が肝心だ。", "zh": "无论什么事，抓住本质很重要。" }, { "ja": "何事も最初が肝心だよな。", "zh": "做什么事开头都很重要。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a8c2f09a8d", "JMdict ent_seq 1590870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e1b036e79b3c121a91c60703c4b2bf19802aaf3aaf26c72184fded892841aec5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "929ca03092", "word": "歓声", "reading": "かんせい", "romaji": "kansei", "meanings": [ "cheer", "shout of joy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1213000, "examples": [ { "ja": "群集は嬉しさのあまり歓声を上げた。", "furigana": "{群集|ぐんしゅう}は{嬉|うれ}しさのあまり{歓声|かんせい}を{上|あ}げた。", "en": "The crowd yelled with delight.", "tatoeba_id": 176691 }, { "ja": "彼が登場すると群集は歓声を上げた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}が{登場|とうじょう}すると{群集|ぐんしゅう}は{歓声|かんせい}を{上|あ}げた。", "en": "The crowd cheered when he appeared.", "tatoeba_id": 119622 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2e753c02251fed5a4a963505bea7e7ec4fa18a2394da6ecfdfedf10dedcde09b", "meanings": [ "欢呼声" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "群集は嬉しさのあまり歓声を上げた。", "zh": "人群高兴得欢呼起来。" }, { "ja": "彼が登場すると群集は歓声を上げた。", "zh": "他一出现，人群就欢呼起来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/929ca03092", "JMdict ent_seq 1213000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c19019f4dcdc62e5c9d667dd3c6801dadb61ada8c8d86f77b6ddb345860a4222", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1545c39a58", "word": "関税", "reading": "かんぜい", "romaji": "kanzei", "meanings": [ "customs", "duty", "tariff" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1215930, "examples": [ { "ja": "関税申告書が必要になります。", "en": "A customs declaration is required.", "tatoeba_id": 183693 }, { "ja": "このカメラには関税がかかります。", "furigana": "このカメラには{関税|かんぜい}がかかります。", "en": "This camera is dutiable.", "tatoeba_id": 223891 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2a71b063ddbc56608c803a1e2cf8a336b8ff4011825aaf013e3a9410ba4fe61c", "meanings": [ "关税" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "関税申告書が必要になります。", "zh": "需要关税申报单。" }, { "ja": "このカメラには関税がかかります。", "zh": "这台相机需要缴纳关税。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1545c39a58", "JMdict ent_seq 1215930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "151acb85c7c8a60aadd37aa576af3d1d6974a25d4f1ef50b04ef0b12406dbb70", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0f7cd622f7", "word": "岩石", "reading": "がんせき", "romaji": "ganseki", "meanings": [ "rock" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1217360, "examples": [ { "ja": "岩石や鉱物はいろいろな面で私たちに有益である。", "furigana": "{岩石|がんせき}や{鉱物|こうぶつ}はいろいろな{面|めん}で{私|わたし}たちに{有益|ゆうえき}である。", "en": "Rocks and minerals are useful for us in many ways.", "tatoeba_id": 183661 }, { "ja": "この板状の固い岩石の層をプレートと呼ぶ。", "en": "We call these slabs of the solid-rock layer 'plates'.", "tatoeba_id": 74615 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "485d2dab2ea6e92968d919a8ebebcf62bc6cc01518d742e52877b2274cd710c9", "meanings": [ "岩石" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "岩石や鉱物はいろいろな面で私たちに有益である。", "zh": "岩石和矿物在很多方面对我们有益。" }, { "ja": "この板状の固い岩石の層をプレートと呼ぶ。", "zh": "这层板状的坚硬岩石被称为板块。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0f7cd622f7", "JMdict ent_seq 1217360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "99eb7cf6f50944cbed106fe7bf9e23604a1332b48e19c322e94cb5ad67213e13", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c6ca8a3635", "word": "幹線", "reading": "かんせん", "romaji": "kansen", "meanings": [ "main line", "trunk line" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1212140, "examples": [ { "ja": "この鉄道は地域の幹線だ。", "en": "This railway is the region’s main line." }, { "ja": "幹線道路の交通量が多い。", "en": "The main road carries heavy traffic." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ee08939244d7352df34150a5ef17528ffdc5a3651d3640d1b01feb56ba86a5cb", "meanings": [ "干线", "主干线路" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この鉄道は地域の幹線だ。", "zh": "这条铁路是地区干线。" }, { "ja": "幹線道路の交通量が多い。", "zh": "主干道的交通量很大。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c6ca8a3635", "JMdict ent_seq 1212140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5da9c3b4df775755d89b226a126c0dc53e49a54f78ed06b5afcd808d48311013", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "eac47f495f", "word": "感染", "reading": "かんせん", "romaji": "kansen", "meanings": [ "infection", "contagion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1212470, "examples": [ { "ja": "これらの感染病はミルクの汚染が原因だった。", "furigana": "これらの{感染|かんせん}{病|やまい}はミルクの{汚染|おせん}が{原因|げんいん}だった。", "en": "These infections were caused by contaminated milk.", "tatoeba_id": 217937 }, { "ja": "感染を防ぐために手を洗う。", "en": "Wash your hands to help prevent infection." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "23dbc524b580c060fd6c0ad69f372eacd82306c9a9d263a626e3e3dae101f4b4", "meanings": [ "感染" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これらの感染病はミルクの汚染が原因だった。", "zh": "这些传染病是由牛奶污染引起的。" }, { "ja": "感染を防ぐために手を洗う。", "zh": "洗手以帮助预防感染。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/eac47f495f", "JMdict ent_seq 1212470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fc5b48a4f5ca5bd06eac732b3ef1a6c38ae9c1b199784b5f6f399e2349fcaeb3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "459d66f088", "word": "簡素", "reading": "かんそ", "romaji": "kanso", "meanings": [ "simplicity", "plain" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1214300, "examples": [ { "ja": "芝刈り機が簡素な作りの荷車に積んである。", "en": "Some lawn equipment is loaded into the jerry-built cart.", "tatoeba_id": 149279 }, { "ja": "その式典は簡素だった。", "furigana": "その{式典|しきてん}は{簡素|かんそ}だった。", "en": "The ceremony was simple.", "tatoeba_id": 209672 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1299432eaff8b592bde0bd03bc5791bbb88a9e9d2c6ba3a682862ee76719627a", "meanings": [ "简朴", "简单" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "芝刈り機が簡素な作りの荷車に積んである。", "zh": "割草机装在一辆结构简单的手推车上。" }, { "ja": "その式典は簡素だった。", "zh": "仪式很简朴。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/459d66f088", "JMdict ent_seq 1214300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8e10b938473d09af5fbcba31860ca06fa3ea061878e507ddbad75523bd60f53c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bc4a6899c9", "word": "観点", "reading": "かんてん", "romaji": "kanten", "meanings": [ "point of view" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1215000, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私を違った観点から見るようになった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{私|わたし}を{違|ちが}った{観点|かんてん}から{見|み}るようになった。", "en": "He came to see me in a different light.", "tatoeba_id": 105597 }, { "ja": "母は何でもお金の観点から考える。", "furigana": "{母|はは}は{何|なん}でもお{金|かね}の{観点|かんてん}から{考|かんが}える。", "en": "My mother thinks of everything in terms of money.", "tatoeba_id": 83018 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "653ccb168120e9d94c5df6dbb2c93cad7a274512f85fcc28615a9483ce81a556", "meanings": [ "观点", "角度" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私を違った観点から見るようになった。", "zh": "他开始从不同角度看待我。" }, { "ja": "母は何でもお金の観点から考える。", "zh": "母亲什么都从钱的角度考虑。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bc4a6899c9", "JMdict ent_seq 1215000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b9d3b7929dc0a8ec5845225e51418626398ae8cd030cd794602a9f36269907a5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "aa35e35b5e", "word": "感度", "reading": "かんど", "romaji": "kando", "meanings": [ "sensitivity", "severity (quake)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1212550, "examples": [ { "ja": "カメラの感度を調整した。", "en": "I adjusted the camera’s sensitivity." }, { "ja": "受信機の感度が高い。", "en": "The receiver is highly sensitive." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "00fed046e793411d32d396f234b97706461a13803f3f748c876b7bf9840d0c76", "meanings": [ "灵敏度", "敏感度" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "カメラの感度を調整した。", "zh": "我调整了相机的感光度。" }, { "ja": "受信機の感度が高い。", "zh": "接收器的灵敏度很高。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aa35e35b5e", "JMdict ent_seq 1212550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "95ae4c3d6928ba781a1ce30413012535b31929940ef5f764186bf9d69b7f69bd", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "337e74cd80", "word": "カンニング", "reading": "カンニング", "romaji": "kanningu", "meanings": [ "cunning", "cheat" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1039490, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはみな試験でカンニングをすることは悪いと考えている。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちはみな{試験|しけん}でカンニングをすることは{悪|わる}いと{考|かんが}えている。", "en": "We all consider it wrong to cheat on the test.", "tatoeba_id": 166187 }, { "ja": "彼は生物の試験でカンニングした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{生物|せいぶつ}の{試験|しけん}でカンニングした。", "en": "He cheated on the biology exam.", "tatoeba_id": 103190 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a4fd4579fd7c676560a70429d381ef8abc49e5a221cae6ac21cdbe5cd8a91ea1", "meanings": [ "考试作弊" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはみな試験でカンニングをすることは悪いと考えている。", "zh": "我们都认为考试作弊是不对的。" }, { "ja": "彼は生物の試験でカンニングした。", "zh": "他在生物考试中作弊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/337e74cd80", "JMdict ent_seq 1039490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cf646af7255ed7ad84316d38e3c7567ba5dafd0e50dd41872040cf52dec8359e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "56d8ac0eb8", "word": "元年", "reading": "がんねん", "romaji": "gannen", "meanings": [ "first year (of a specific reign)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1261020, "examples": [ { "ja": "その制度は令和元年に始まった。", "en": "The system began in the first year of Reiwa." }, { "ja": "新時代の元年として記憶されている。", "en": "It is remembered as the first year of a new era." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d292c9b6e452c4e2581de2019de5fd97b366c066573bdb0195289909d43fba0d", "meanings": [ "元年" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その制度は令和元年に始まった。", "zh": "这项制度始于令和元年。" }, { "ja": "新時代の元年として記憶されている。", "zh": "它作为新时代的元年被铭记。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/56d8ac0eb8", "JMdict ent_seq 1261020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ff8a231695c7a8a16c80b5cfaed10d918195b60f6cd2bf4b52d85313924b4ba7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0db42a387a", "word": "幹部", "reading": "かんぶ", "romaji": "kanbu", "meanings": [ "management", "(executive) staff", "leaders" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1212170, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその問題について幹部の何人かと協議した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{問題|もんだい}について{幹部|かんぶ}の{何人|なんにん}かと{協議|きょうぎ}した。", "en": "He consulted with some of the staff on the matter.", "tatoeba_id": 112371 }, { "ja": "党幹部らは、党組織の欠陥問題に取り組んでいます。", "en": "Party leaders are grappling with flaws in the party system.", "tatoeba_id": 124399 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "83076e0deac1634a9c791216b77fb06b44023c50aa1fa899e71867b5a24dee05", "meanings": [ "干部", "领导层" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその問題について幹部の何人かと協議した。", "zh": "他就那个问题与几位干部商议。" }, { "ja": "党幹部らは、党組織の欠陥問題に取り組んでいます。", "zh": "党的干部们正在处理党组织的缺陷问题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0db42a387a", "JMdict ent_seq 1212170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "20263a7bc3435785b7c02eca2d5171483b3e8b8c927cf2752abc3e75a6044e1a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3c07e35ffe", "word": "完璧", "reading": "かんぺき", "romaji": "kanpeki", "meanings": [ "perfection", "completeness", "flawless" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1590970, "examples": [ { "ja": "君は完璧な仕事をしてくれた。", "en": "You've done a perfect job.", "tatoeba_id": 177380 }, { "ja": "この英作文は決して完璧ではない。", "furigana": "この{英作文|えいさくぶん}は{決|けっ}して{完璧|かんぺき}ではない。", "en": "This English composition is far from perfect.", "tatoeba_id": 222903 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d3b74165b234dd013a3fd02d9fad339aa12df0d308eab5f800f082220f6412e9", "meanings": [ "完美", "无缺" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "君は完璧な仕事をしてくれた。", "zh": "你做得很完美。" }, { "ja": "この英作文は決して完璧ではない。", "zh": "这篇英语作文绝不算完美。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3c07e35ffe", "JMdict ent_seq 1590970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "47439eec10a0895c80e0d88d955188fa403bb7762d37823b32821d0b68a9ee18", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b1f166bc1d", "word": "勘弁", "reading": "かんべん", "romaji": "kanben", "meanings": [ "pardon", "forgiveness", "forbearance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1210870, "examples": [ { "ja": "それだけは勘弁してください。", "furigana": "それだけは{勘弁|かんべん}してください。", "en": "I would do anything but that.", "tatoeba_id": 205796 }, { "ja": "ちょっと勘弁して下さい。", "furigana": "ちょっと{勘弁|かんべん}して{下|くだ}さい。", "en": "Give me a break, will you?", "tatoeba_id": 202796 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4df770bf8e411c2cc47a5da07a3a322d96dd15f32ac1ce7f9c4d25d5bd1b2f1b", "meanings": [ "原谅", "饶恕" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それだけは勘弁してください。", "zh": "唯独那件事请饶了我吧。" }, { "ja": "ちょっと勘弁して下さい。", "zh": "请饶了我吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b1f166bc1d", "JMdict ent_seq 1210870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3f994c1cf8b82edce110eb8cc2953d290206477d5610d511dc73cd8822941c3c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "42ee85789e", "word": "感無量", "reading": "かんむりょう", "romaji": "kanmuryou", "meanings": [ "deep feeling", "inexpressible feeling", "filled with emotion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1212620, "examples": [ { "ja": "長年の夢がかない感無量だ。", "en": "I am deeply moved that my long-held dream came true." }, { "ja": "卒業の日を迎えて感無量です。", "en": "I am deeply moved to reach graduation day." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a409f1cb8b3b04b289155c0e9747bf3ca619aeeb3d65354df4dd1e2eda93edf4", "meanings": [ "感慨万千" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "長年の夢がかない感無量だ。", "zh": "多年的梦想实现了，我感慨万千。" }, { "ja": "卒業の日を迎えて感無量です。", "zh": "迎来毕业这一天，我感慨万千。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/42ee85789e", "JMdict ent_seq 1212620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "656b76003ea54df4509decff64b9fe3db08d412f2d3751ee039ede1a6419502b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "11d82217b9", "word": "勧誘", "reading": "かんゆう", "romaji": "kan'yuu", "meanings": [ "invitation", "solicitation", "canvassing", "inducement", "persuasion", "encouragement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1211120, "examples": [ { "ja": "顧客に対する勧誘の電話が、テレマーケティング部の主要業務である。", "furigana": "{顧客|こきゃく}に{対|たい}する{勧誘|かんゆう}の{電話|でんわ}が、テレマーケティング{部|ぶ}の{主要業務|しゅようぎょうむ}である。", "en": "Cold calls are the primary function of the telemarketing department.", "tatoeba_id": 174445 }, { "ja": "彼は私たちに投票を勧誘した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{私|わたし}たちに{投票|とうひょう}を{勧誘|かんゆう}した。", "en": "He solicited our votes.", "tatoeba_id": 106318 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "04d902e82224283dbdb604f379d89057494bd3300715c4e105199b3025ec492a", "meanings": [ "劝诱", "招揽" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "顧客に対する勧誘の電話が、テレマーケティング部の主要業務である。", "zh": "向顾客打推销电话是电话营销部门的主要工作。" }, { "ja": "彼は私たちに投票を勧誘した。", "zh": "他劝我们投票。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/11d82217b9", "JMdict ent_seq 1211120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c63f785d13ea061f4e851a7fd93c56d5768910e6d48488bdfa218c5df92e5b76", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "012a1c2c8f", "word": "関与", "reading": "かんよ", "romaji": "kan'yo", "meanings": [ "participation", "taking part in", "participating in", "being concerned in" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1216050, "examples": [ { "ja": "ゲンドウがこの件に関与していたとしても不思議ではない。", "furigana": "ゲンドウがこの{件|けん}に{関与|かんよ}していたとしても{不思議|ふしぎ}ではない。", "en": "It is no wonder to me that Gendou has something to do with.", "tatoeba_id": 225195 }, { "ja": "ボブはその計画には関与しなかった。", "furigana": "ボブはその{計画|けいかく}には{関与|かんよ}しなかった。", "en": "Bob wasn't in on the plan.", "tatoeba_id": 196044 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2ab685c4ed9e83262fa94537c20388b8edecfd7db11fc5db7b967ecf5e672887", "meanings": [ "参与", "涉及" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ゲンドウがこの件に関与していたとしても不思議ではない。", "zh": "碇源堂即使参与了这件事也不奇怪。" }, { "ja": "ボブはその計画には関与しなかった。", "zh": "鲍勃没有参与那项计划。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/012a1c2c8f", "JMdict ent_seq 1216050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c2a55577ed60a41baa6ccb8a9e8bf89bec928a59d6af2257af93c31036349434", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ca9c938e99", "word": "寛容", "reading": "かんよう", "romaji": "kan'you", "meanings": [ "forbearance", "tolerance", "generosity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1211970, "examples": [ { "ja": "我々は、誰であろうとテロ活動に携わるものに寛容でいるつもりはない。", "en": "We will not tolerate anyone who engages in terrorism.", "tatoeba_id": 186175 }, { "ja": "異なる意見に寛容でありたい。", "en": "I want to be tolerant of different opinions." }, { "ja": "彼は人の失敗に寛容だ。", "en": "He is tolerant of other people’s mistakes." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e9876e9488d584871974d07945707f35ae610582d509de6d60aabd2a7b2d6baf", "meanings": [ "宽容", "容忍" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "我々は、誰であろうとテロ活動に携わるものに寛容でいるつもりはない。", "zh": "无论是谁，我们都不打算容忍参与恐怖活动的人。" }, { "ja": "異なる意見に寛容でありたい。", "zh": "我希望能包容不同意见。" }, { "ja": "彼は人の失敗に寛容だ。", "zh": "他对别人的错误很宽容。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ca9c938e99", "JMdict ent_seq 1211970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ea610f49334ae8caff021132358dfe90e725acdcc98184c9c6a5aec7adff42ed", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7dd8b9ee0b", "word": "慣用", "reading": "かんよう", "romaji": "kan'you", "meanings": [ "common", "customary" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1212720, "examples": [ { "ja": "この表現は慣用されている。", "en": "This expression is commonly used." }, { "ja": "慣用の言い方を覚える。", "en": "Learn the customary expression." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ec1637ac7c20966032da5d0232b9110b394ffa7fc0a414bb0b70992c9ca05e5f", "meanings": [ "惯用", "习惯用法" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この表現は慣用されている。", "zh": "这一表达是惯用的。" }, { "ja": "慣用の言い方を覚える。", "zh": "记住惯用说法。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7dd8b9ee0b", "JMdict ent_seq 1212720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "851fd678dc9b7638ab1541505a6d389e5e78b2f496eadad11cb476c34d553daa", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bad0f9f7f6", "word": "元来", "reading": "がんらい", "romaji": "ganrai", "meanings": [ "originally", "primarily", "essentially", "logically", "naturally" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1261080, "examples": [ { "ja": "元来の私は、内向的なんですよ。こんなところで、ちゃーちゃー言ってますけど。", "en": "I'm an introvert by nature, but here I am going on and on.", "tatoeba_id": 10906674 }, { "ja": "彼は元来慎重な人だ。", "en": "He is cautious by nature." }, { "ja": "この道は元来川だった。", "en": "This road was originally a river." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8b100d77ab7ee72227428cbeaf0da8b181aa803e8cf7de7ffe7ce2ce4a9df0f5", "meanings": [ "原来", "本来" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "元来の私は、内向的なんですよ。こんなところで、ちゃーちゃー言ってますけど。", "zh": "我本来是内向的，虽然现在在这里说个不停。" }, { "ja": "彼は元来慎重な人だ。", "zh": "他本来就是个谨慎的人。" }, { "ja": "この道は元来川だった。", "zh": "这条路原来是一条河。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bad0f9f7f6", "JMdict ent_seq 1261080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "15c2f6e9c08eebc27574b406b3286bc3e1e96004b1388cbac1a0ad4419275feb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "41eaf268bc", "word": "観覧", "reading": "かんらん", "romaji": "kanran", "meanings": [ "viewing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1215040, "examples": [ { "ja": "美術展を観覧した。", "en": "I viewed the art exhibition." }, { "ja": "観覧には予約が必要です。", "en": "A reservation is required for viewing." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d45b574a47b1e41b06c41273fc01deb2d380dba64abeb7b5fb070a634dcbc2a5", "meanings": [ "观看", "参观" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "美術展を観覧した。", "zh": "我参观了美术展。" }, { "ja": "観覧には予約が必要です。", "zh": "参观需要预约。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/41eaf268bc", "JMdict ent_seq 1215040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "899c9f57ba207b313f598c0d3c63bfc6db5063f9a6ac88226dd27bcdfd628060", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e5967381ed", "word": "官僚", "reading": "かんりょう", "romaji": "kanryou", "meanings": [ "bureaucrat", "bureaucracy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1211860, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の辞職で官僚の席に空きができた。", "en": "His resignation left a vacancy in the cabinet.", "tatoeba_id": 117120 }, { "ja": "官僚達は大企業との強固な関係を維持している。", "en": "The bureaucrats maintain solid ties with the gigantic corporations.", "tatoeba_id": 183955 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f5d93dbdd41e9d6e7bfe9cd01a78d79fdbbfb99f2fdf68c7561625b0754dd51e", "meanings": [ "官僚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の辞職で官僚の席に空きができた。", "zh": "他的辞职使官僚职位出现空缺。" }, { "ja": "官僚達は大企業との強固な関係を維持している。", "zh": "官僚们与大企业维持着牢固的关系。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e5967381ed", "JMdict ent_seq 1211860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "888b1d03e4328c2100ce0d030493f4fc9a454b25d040f341fe311fc3455241e6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3fdc1ebe22", "word": "慣例", "reading": "かんれい", "romaji": "kanrei", "meanings": [ "custom", "precedent", "of convention" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1212750, "examples": [ { "ja": "慣例に従って会議を開く。", "en": "Hold the meeting according to convention." }, { "ja": "毎年の慣例となっている。", "en": "It has become an annual custom." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4f1f0d05fab0c648b385d1e75cb5c0bf2f69b7f638f436358a7fb1a5e693b72b", "meanings": [ "惯例" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "慣例に従って会議を開く。", "zh": "按照惯例召开会议。" }, { "ja": "毎年の慣例となっている。", "zh": "这已成为每年的惯例。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3fdc1ebe22", "JMdict ent_seq 1212750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6a39b6f5694023820928d394675d114db59b9ca9722a7c39068274918e133d15", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "73311cdf3b", "word": "還暦", "reading": "かんれき", "romaji": "kanreki", "meanings": [ "60th birthday" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1215160, "examples": [ { "ja": "明日は母方の祖父の還暦のお祝いをする。", "en": "My grandfather on my mother's side is celebrating his 60th birthday tomorrow.", "tatoeba_id": 2240094 }, { "ja": "父の還暦を家族で祝った。", "en": "The family celebrated my father’s sixtieth birthday." }, { "ja": "還暦のお祝いに赤い贈り物を選んだ。", "en": "I chose a red gift for the sixtieth-birthday celebration." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6bf82f6fce2bbed80a5c0c52dfe08c338e0ed64da45bb2b01346f96408409afd", "meanings": [ "六十寿辰" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "明日は母方の祖父の還暦のお祝いをする。", "zh": "明天要给外祖父庆祝六十岁生日。" }, { "ja": "父の還暦を家族で祝った。", "zh": "家人一起庆祝了父亲的六十岁生日。" }, { "ja": "還暦のお祝いに赤い贈り物を選んだ。", "zh": "我为六十寿辰庆祝选了红色礼物。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/73311cdf3b", "JMdict ent_seq 1215160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "356f38ec6dcd3c047c57cb1eeb52466a2724b07b908f2b0b9d3908ca2e200b01", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b78add3bf7", "word": "貫禄", "reading": "かんろく", "romaji": "kanroku", "meanings": [ "presence", "dignity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1215110, "examples": [ { "ja": "君は課長としての貫禄がないね。", "furigana": "{君|きみ}は{課長|かちょう}としての{貫禄|かんろく}がないね。", "en": "You don't have proper dignity as chief of the section.", "tatoeba_id": 177393 }, { "ja": "貫禄がついたね。", "furigana": "{貫禄|かんろく}がついたね。", "en": "You look very dignified.", "tatoeba_id": 183785 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4e7abd89180ad67346278d2d30addb9a64116a0720f54107e9d79c8122885719", "meanings": [ "威严", "气派" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "君は課長としての貫禄がないね。", "zh": "你没有作为科长应有的威严啊。" }, { "ja": "貫禄がついたね。", "zh": "你变得有气派了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b78add3bf7", "JMdict ent_seq 1215110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "654462a7790951ac686641fb3222bde5910058631e03ee22d1e501a603379926", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9ee07e82bb", "word": "緩和", "reading": "かんわ", "romaji": "kanwa", "meanings": [ "relief", "mitigation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1214530, "examples": [ { "ja": "需給関係が緩和している。", "en": "The supply-demand balance is relaxing.", "tatoeba_id": 148314 }, { "ja": "日米間の摩擦は緩和の方向に向かっています。", "en": "Frictions between Japan and the U.S. are easing up for a change.", "tatoeba_id": 122844 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "59075e7e2a8b871f94a6977928eacfaacf8c2b947e7a59b1d00fd456080b87ad", "meanings": [ "缓和", "放松" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "需給関係が緩和している。", "zh": "供需关系正在缓和。" }, { "ja": "日米間の摩擦は緩和の方向に向かっています。", "zh": "日美之间的摩擦正趋于缓和。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9ee07e82bb", "JMdict ent_seq 1214530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "22f26ffa7873a46d5a3a42cb0842615f11c3ca824bf74b1d9ff6d08055b91c6f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "529c76a4cf", "word": "期", "reading": "き", "romaji": "ki", "meanings": [ "period", "time" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1220540, "examples": [ { "ja": "経済は景気後退期に入った。", "en": "The economy has entered a recession.", "tatoeba_id": 176468 }, { "ja": "これはターナーの円熟期の作品です。", "en": "This is a work from Turner's mature period.", "tatoeba_id": 218586 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "81f0359795cdb8dd94cb4ba9a72aa85ce8b0ff8edd8700c34fc9938d47c6bec4", "meanings": [ "时期", "阶段" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "経済は景気後退期に入った。", "zh": "经济进入了衰退期。" }, { "ja": "これはターナーの円熟期の作品です。", "zh": "这是透纳成熟期的作品。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/529c76a4cf", "JMdict ent_seq 1220540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bfabc5a8f66352ebe9945e5c36d0cdf47a67bd90302d08c896e90d0a63badb41", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f1134267ba", "word": "生", "reading": "き", "romaji": "ki", "meanings": [ "pure", "undiluted", "raw", "crude" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1378440, "examples": [ { "ja": "生醤油は加熱処理していない。", "en": "Unpasteurized soy sauce has not been heat treated." }, { "ja": "生一本の酒を味わった。", "en": "I tasted pure, undiluted sake." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "89ace8ce1b4593b6ecfd300a0e3cb58254998b9d1bf1be39eb7c1f38107cc587", "meanings": [ "生", "未加工" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "生醤油は加熱処理していない。", "zh": "生酱油未经加热处理。" }, { "ja": "生一本の酒を味わった。", "zh": "我品尝了纯酿清酒。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f1134267ba", "JMdict ent_seq 1378440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "390361447e0a7e6c3a58d6a2d5f675e25cb3d2e3128a5144e581da1938d6d0a4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "读作き时多见于生醤油（きじょうゆ）等复合词；生のまま通常读作なまのまま。" } }, { "id": "f5be5f6d73", "word": "議案", "reading": "ぎあん", "romaji": "gian", "meanings": [ "legislative bill" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1226010, "examples": [ { "ja": "この議案は我々の政策に合っている。", "furigana": "この{議案|ぎあん}は{我々|われわれ}の{政策|せいさく}に{合|あ}っている。", "en": "This measure is in accord with our policy.", "tatoeba_id": 222399 }, { "ja": "議案はたぶん否決されるだろう。", "furigana": "{議案|ぎあん}はたぶん{否決|ひけつ}されるだろう。", "en": "The chances are that the bill will be rejected.", "tatoeba_id": 182904 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0e3c68c76827eedb41c3483ae41480dda831254eb09c6d6954e146fbb6682dbd", "meanings": [ "议案" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この議案は我々の政策に合っている。", "zh": "这项议案符合我们的政策。" }, { "ja": "議案はたぶん否決されるだろう。", "zh": "议案大概会被否决。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f5be5f6d73", "JMdict ent_seq 1226010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ae6d96bd66fe2a72552248c925613e028b6cda6c847d3bae8937918e887fe646", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "967f7bc52a", "word": "危害", "reading": "きがい", "romaji": "kigai", "meanings": [ "injury", "harm", "danger" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1218440, "examples": [ { "ja": "どんな理由があっても他人に危害を加えてはいけない。", "furigana": "どんな{理由|りゆう}があっても{他人|たにん}に{危害|きがい}を{加|くわ}えてはいけない。", "en": "You should not inflict any injury on others on any account.", "tatoeba_id": 199366 }, { "ja": "犬は主人を危害から守った。", "furigana": "{犬|いぬ}は{主人|しゅじん}を{危害|きがい}から{守|まも}った。", "en": "The dog defended his master from harm.", "tatoeba_id": 175261 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "106900f28d89b229e48909aa15b8610acb1ef018fbd132bca1e23d27f1df8393", "meanings": [ "危害", "伤害" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "どんな理由があっても他人に危害を加えてはいけない。", "zh": "无论什么理由都不能伤害别人。" }, { "ja": "犬は主人を危害から守った。", "zh": "狗保护主人免受伤害。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/967f7bc52a", "JMdict ent_seq 1218440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "91e1145b4a33699569417766d6c01f0f2e640abcb26a08acfd710d42ac87826a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "69d9557e28", "word": "企画", "reading": "きかく", "romaji": "kikaku", "meanings": [ "planning", "project" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1218150, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はあなたの企画に参加する。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はあなたの{企画|きかく}に{参加|さんか}する。", "en": "I take part in your enterprise.", "tatoeba_id": 161698 }, { "ja": "その企画は彼の承認を必要とする。", "furigana": "その{企画|きかく}は{彼|かれ}の{承認|しょうにん}を{必要|ひつよう}とする。", "en": "The plan is subject to his approval.", "tatoeba_id": 211574 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "036e581fd6db90f0e535f5c5c1944ca485cb5956ebcb5ab2b038264c49d2575e", "meanings": [ "企划", "策划" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はあなたの企画に参加する。", "zh": "我参加你的企划。" }, { "ja": "その企画は彼の承認を必要とする。", "zh": "那项企划需要他的批准。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/69d9557e28", "JMdict ent_seq 1218150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3c36e00e49322a9d69c94c9d94201cd5730360b8d8351db6ad8d59055650d9b8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fb232e065c", "word": "規格", "reading": "きかく", "romaji": "kikaku", "meanings": [ "standard", "norm" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1222970, "examples": [ { "ja": "製品の規格を確認する。", "en": "Check the product specifications." }, { "ja": "規格に合った部品を使う。", "en": "Use parts that meet the standard." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d6ade6223433de61c27e20bad383a5a3b22b583e7550c4e8835041f39b049148", "meanings": [ "规格", "标准" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "製品の規格を確認する。", "zh": "确认产品规格。" }, { "ja": "規格に合った部品を使う。", "zh": "使用符合规格的零件。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fb232e065c", "JMdict ent_seq 1222970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "741a0d83a067b1eac9d4aeedb156e9caf455cec515941117508fab1b44beb339", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a9458f13be", "word": "着飾る", "reading": "きかざる", "romaji": "kikazaru", "meanings": [ "to dress up" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1423080, "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカ人は一般に着飾ることを好まない。", "furigana": "アメリカ{人|じん}は{一般|いっぱん}に{着飾|きかざ}ることを{好|この}まない。", "en": "Americans, in general, don't like to dress up.", "tatoeba_id": 230111 }, { "ja": "踊り子たちは美しく着飾っていた。", "furigana": "{踊|おど}り{子|こ}たちは{美|うつく}しく{着飾|きかざ}っていた。", "en": "The dancers were beautifully got up.", "tatoeba_id": 78794 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d6cd262a30ada8ccc61135d9267b80ecb07c864c6977b63e346b04608032c856", "meanings": [ "打扮", "盛装" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカ人は一般に着飾ることを好まない。", "zh": "美国人通常不喜欢盛装打扮。" }, { "ja": "踊り子たちは美しく着飾っていた。", "zh": "舞者们打扮得很漂亮。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a9458f13be", "JMdict ent_seq 1423080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "46f1fae9ce33075d56f304c23b6bff12bd7db8244de1064a340fe311b9a5b253", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f5725dfb67", "word": "気兼ね", "reading": "きがね", "romaji": "kigane", "meanings": [ "hesitance", "diffidence", "feeling constraint", "fear of troubling someone" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1222120, "examples": [ { "ja": "思ったことを気兼ねなく言っていいんだよ。", "en": "Feel free to share your thoughts.", "tatoeba_id": 10544168 }, { "ja": "トムが女の子だったらよかったのに。そしたら気兼ねなく寄り添ってられたのに。", "en": "I wish that Tom were a girl. That way I would be able to get close to him without any hesitation.", "tatoeba_id": 3137751 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f9ad57e51b6ddf0cd19fc9d8df8a96ce8e87259575c56fff968b81fa3d0437f9", "meanings": [ "顾虑", "拘束" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "思ったことを気兼ねなく言っていいんだよ。", "zh": "你可以不必顾虑，想到什么就说什么。" }, { "ja": "トムが女の子だったらよかったのに。そしたら気兼ねなく寄り添ってられたのに。", "zh": "要是汤姆是女孩就好了，那样就可以毫无顾虑地依偎在一起了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f5725dfb67", "JMdict ent_seq 1222120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "791ee9b01482346998439340c1d4667db54e1d41e91267550e7bc1f01e31cb78", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fafb1c5079", "word": "気軽", "reading": "きがる", "romaji": "kigaru", "meanings": [ "cheerful", "buoyant", "lighthearted" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1222110, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちの惑星は飛ぶ鳥の気軽さで宇宙を動いている。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちの{惑星|わくせい}は{飛|と}ぶ{鳥|とり}の{気軽|きがる}さで{宇宙|うちゅう}を{動|うご}いている。", "en": "Our planet moves in space with the lightness of a bird in flight.", "tatoeba_id": 166793 }, { "ja": "気軽にして下さい。", "furigana": "{気軽|きがる}にして{下|くだ}さい。", "en": "Please make yourself at home.", "tatoeba_id": 183212 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c0d45e03a0ab5201832f1dbcc306893a437fd52821a9b4721f61510e916134d6", "meanings": [ "轻松", "随意" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちの惑星は飛ぶ鳥の気軽さで宇宙を動いている。", "zh": "我们的星球像飞鸟一样轻快地在宇宙中运行。" }, { "ja": "気軽にして下さい。", "zh": "请放轻松。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fafb1c5079", "JMdict ent_seq 1222110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ba514f22e2618b34cc973250159792916c05462a9e922c1a3c1f18d5c61fda75", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "気軽に可表示不拘束地、轻松地；不要与身体轻重混淆。" } }, { "id": "bdd2a9e0d8", "word": "器官", "reading": "きかん", "romaji": "kikan", "meanings": [ "organ (of body)", "instrument" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1218910, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは内臓器官を調べるためにカエルを解剖した。", "en": "We dissected a frog to examine its internal organs.", "tatoeba_id": 165378 }, { "ja": "心臓は血液を送り出す器官だ。", "en": "The heart is an organ that pumps blood." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c0c90acd827060b4e8c7b3ebb6aab892bc7899b6f758d1bc2b5a031dac5dbfd3", "meanings": [ "器官" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは内臓器官を調べるためにカエルを解剖した。", "zh": "我们解剖青蛙以检查内脏器官。" }, { "ja": "心臓は血液を送り出す器官だ。", "zh": "心脏是泵送血液的器官。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bdd2a9e0d8", "JMdict ent_seq 1218910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6cd838c8adbb0390145b7edf4717615e2841cb7d327b474cc06af94896bf6eee", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "268ecc0793", "word": "季刊", "reading": "きかん", "romaji": "kikan", "meanings": [ "quarterly (e.g. magazine)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1222810, "examples": [ { "ja": "この雑誌は季刊です。", "en": "This magazine is published quarterly." }, { "ja": "季刊の研究誌に論文が載った。", "en": "The paper appeared in a quarterly research journal." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5ea17c660894166ecd953576fa619d5bb4b5e6fddf9c6eb6c4a9aa2ceb5339fc", "meanings": [ "季刊" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この雑誌は季刊です。", "zh": "这本杂志是季刊。" }, { "ja": "季刊の研究誌に論文が載った。", "zh": "论文发表在一本季刊研究杂志上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/268ecc0793", "JMdict ent_seq 1222810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5cb651caedc2a64f1bc76ae8b2caccbb5fb00721aa9ddcc0051c1306800b3826", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4588cf36bc", "word": "危機", "reading": "きき", "romaji": "kiki", "meanings": [ "crisis" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1218450, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は危機にあっても冷静であった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{危機|きき}にあっても{冷静|れいせい}であった。", "en": "He was cool in the crisis.", "tatoeba_id": 108676 }, { "ja": "彼らは勇敢にその危機に立ち向かった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{勇敢|ゆうかん}にその{危機|きき}に{立|た}ち{向|む}かった。", "en": "They faced the danger bravely.", "tatoeba_id": 96077 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7a264a3760d05b8d5d65c4f7964ed956f9be828128f0ad9ca39b3c39e943518b", "meanings": [ "危机" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は危機にあっても冷静であった。", "zh": "即使面临危机，他也很冷静。" }, { "ja": "彼らは勇敢にその危機に立ち向かった。", "zh": "他们勇敢地面对那场危机。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4588cf36bc", "JMdict ent_seq 1218450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c378410f4983de1448f5bb0809eb30096ece46d2d7041de764cc6cb84e2b79fa", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d2d2bc8e51", "word": "聞き取り", "reading": "ききとり", "romaji": "kikitori", "meanings": [ "listening comprehension" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1505790, "examples": [ { "ja": "大阪の方言は聞き取り難い。", "furigana": "{大阪|おおさか}の{方言|ほうげん}は{聞|き}き{取|と}り{難|にく}い。", "en": "It's hard to catch words in the Osakan dialect.", "tatoeba_id": 137547 }, { "ja": "会議の内容を聞き取り、記録した。", "en": "I listened to and recorded the contents of the meeting." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4016feebd12deb0466066eb9558e5c0164c16419ed26e8e2fdd3dcbbb61265a1", "meanings": [ "听取", "听力理解" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大阪の方言は聞き取り難い。", "zh": "大阪方言很难听懂。" }, { "ja": "会議の内容を聞き取り、記録した。", "zh": "我听取并记录了会议内容。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d2d2bc8e51", "JMdict ent_seq 1505790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "79c9612125cf89964da61753162428d12c77d8bbe83bf50d5a3de8f4714d9e53", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2d50f7ad6c", "word": "効き目", "reading": "ききめ", "romaji": "kikime", "meanings": [ "effect", "virtue", "efficacy", "impression" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1591070, "examples": [ { "ja": "その薬の効きめが現れた。", "en": "The medicine took effect.", "tatoeba_id": 206315 }, { "ja": "薬の効き目がだんだんなくなってきた。", "furigana": "{薬|くすり}の{効|き}き{目|め}がだんだんなくなってきた。", "en": "The effects of the medicine were wearing off.", "tatoeba_id": 79491 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4751cf8d674819fc07175900686bf8f5e7ad156f1828850e84dad0b0edc17b03", "meanings": [ "效果", "效力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その薬の効きめが現れた。", "zh": "药效显现了。" }, { "ja": "薬の効き目がだんだんなくなってきた。", "zh": "药效逐渐消失了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2d50f7ad6c", "JMdict ent_seq 1591070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a9971f9d668489a064805a737b03dcd038043e0617332fc9f4ef070c3e7eb035", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "指药物或措施的效果；同音的利き目也可指优势眼。" } }, { "id": "47771f1706", "word": "帰京", "reading": "ききょう", "romaji": "kikyou", "meanings": [ "returning to Tokyo" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1221310, "examples": [ { "ja": "出張を終えて帰京した。", "en": "I returned to Tokyo after the business trip." }, { "ja": "明日の夕方に帰京する。", "en": "I will return to Tokyo tomorrow evening." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "903b0602066d02a18d1f8c0fe1a3d87ef09bc42a1fa970e3bad0f5d539b16524", "meanings": [ "返回东京" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "出張を終えて帰京した。", "zh": "出差结束后我返回东京。" }, { "ja": "明日の夕方に帰京する。", "zh": "我明天傍晚返回东京。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/47771f1706", "JMdict ent_seq 1221310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1da0845f7e46bcd514d93e772a32b8359cb7e32cffe174a2c8fa3d705629ffef", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e9cce3fe13", "word": "戯曲", "reading": "ぎきょく", "romaji": "gikyoku", "meanings": [ "play", "drama" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1225010, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はいくつかの戯曲を韻文で書いた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はいくつかの{戯曲|ぎきょく}を{韻文|いんぶん}で{書|か}いた。", "en": "He wrote several plays in verse.", "tatoeba_id": 114686 }, { "ja": "その戯曲はうまく舞台にのらなかった。", "furigana": "その{戯曲|ぎきょく}はうまく{舞台|ぶたい}にのらなかった。", "en": "The play was not well acted.", "tatoeba_id": 211480 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a0d2c2404280d2c0b2bb033a79370e40d39ba336171e9945163b7cb44e29e936", "meanings": [ "剧本", "戏剧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はいくつかの戯曲を韻文で書いた。", "zh": "他用韵文写了几部剧本。" }, { "ja": "その戯曲はうまく舞台にのらなかった。", "zh": "那部戏剧没能成功搬上舞台。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e9cce3fe13", "JMdict ent_seq 1225010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "291cd3b352046902ebdafe74ddef82ae2933676a7a29acf9091e8b5d0a068c24", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f4044c1119", "word": "基金", "reading": "ききん", "romaji": "kikin", "meanings": [ "fund", "foundation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1219020, "examples": [ { "ja": "シンガポールの中央基金は年金を支給する。", "en": "Singapore's Central Fund provides pensions.", "tatoeba_id": 215174 }, { "ja": "孤児を助けるために基金が設立された。", "furigana": "{孤児|こじ}を{助|たす}けるために{基金|ききん}が{設立|せつりつ}された。", "en": "The fund was set up to help orphans.", "tatoeba_id": 174566 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "59fb61ff2606f0369d0b97824edd09e6dd66361d0a63b5193085c43ddd586a5c", "meanings": [ "基金" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "シンガポールの中央基金は年金を支給する。", "zh": "新加坡的中央基金发放养老金。" }, { "ja": "孤児を助けるために基金が設立された。", "zh": "为帮助孤儿设立了基金。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f4044c1119", "JMdict ent_seq 1219020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3c2278bd2a6bca12a94f840daf4092e86c5ecd236b4da18089d336d88aa072d3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3f6adda25e", "word": "喜劇", "reading": "きげき", "romaji": "kigeki", "meanings": [ "comedy", "funny show" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1218810, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはロンドンに喜劇を見に行った。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちはロンドンに{喜劇|きげき}を{見|み}に{行|い}った。", "en": "We went to see a comedy in London.", "tatoeba_id": 166100 }, { "ja": "私は悲劇より喜劇の方が好きです。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{悲劇|ひげき}より{喜劇|きげき}の{方|ほう}が{好|す}きです。", "en": "I prefer comedy to tragedy.", "tatoeba_id": 153153 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8d184a8cb33801b1f445da87e93648760b0ccf25667d70495f7fd981d4941f85", "meanings": [ "喜剧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはロンドンに喜劇を見に行った。", "zh": "我们去伦敦看喜剧。" }, { "ja": "私は悲劇より喜劇の方が好きです。", "zh": "比起悲剧，我更喜欢喜剧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3f6adda25e", "JMdict ent_seq 1218810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "605120a9e2f0dc6c1d6fe61d1dc6b3623f495a3e25af825c84e1ab48c1170cfc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0e52dda10a", "word": "議決", "reading": "ぎけつ", "romaji": "giketsu", "meanings": [ "resolution", "decision", "vote" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1226050, "examples": [ { "ja": "その条項は、議決はすべて過半数をもって成立すると規定している。", "furigana": "その{条項|じょうこう}は、{議決|ぎけつ}はすべて{過半数|かはんすう}をもって{成立|せいりつ}すると{規定|きてい}している。", "en": "The clause provides that all decisions shall be made by majority vote.", "tatoeba_id": 208914 }, { "ja": "憲法の規定に従い衆院の議決が参院に優越する。", "furigana": "{憲法|けんぽう}の{規定|きてい}に{従|したが}い{衆院|しゅういん}の{議決|ぎけつ}が{参院|さんいん}に{優越|ゆうえつ}する。", "en": "Under the Constitution, the lower chamber's resolutions override those of the upper chamber.", "tatoeba_id": 76200 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f48308747f9b2e4366dec7ea7ea4045e7f0341f3eed0cbbd1866da404e68e11a", "meanings": [ "表决", "议决" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その条項は、議決はすべて過半数をもって成立すると規定している。", "zh": "那项条款规定，所有决议均以过半数通过。" }, { "ja": "憲法の規定に従い衆院の議決が参院に優越する。", "zh": "根据宪法规定，众议院的决议优先于参议院。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0e52dda10a", "JMdict ent_seq 1226050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "aea9af9932921ac4d64d1fa37f0f8d3a2d123bd0ecf30a8ee6ddfc3ccf01ef98", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "107a18ca50", "word": "棄権", "reading": "きけん", "romaji": "kiken", "meanings": [ "abstain from voting", "renunciation of a right" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1220670, "examples": [ { "ja": "いざ投票という時、彼は棄権した。", "furigana": "いざ{投票|とうひょう}という{時|とき}、{彼|かれ}は{棄権|きけん}した。", "en": "When it was time to vote, he abstained.", "tatoeba_id": 229133 }, { "ja": "今度の選挙は棄権するつもりだ。", "furigana": "{今度|こんど}の{選挙|せんきょ}は{棄権|きけん}するつもりだ。", "en": "I don't plan to vote at the upcoming election.", "tatoeba_id": 172147 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "83b4d38e528ecf301ef71a069a4fa36eaad4265c1ec1f72b217967105df3b6fc", "meanings": [ "弃权" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "いざ投票という時、彼は棄権した。", "zh": "到了投票的关键时刻，他弃权了。" }, { "ja": "今度の選挙は棄権するつもりだ。", "zh": "我打算在这次选举中弃权。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/107a18ca50", "JMdict ent_seq 1220670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "331615e855dc35c38280268b454eb9e68969c90856aa2cb03fe4b705f5b599b3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "400423303a", "word": "起源", "reading": "きげん", "romaji": "kigen", "meanings": [ "origin", "beginning", "rise" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1591140, "examples": [ { "ja": "この民族の起源は神秘につつまれている。", "en": "The origins of these people is shrouded in mystery.", "tatoeba_id": 219470 }, { "ja": "彼は生命の起源にまで説き及んだ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{生命|せいめい}の{起源|きげん}にまで{説|と}き{及|およ}んだ。", "en": "He even referred to the origin of life.", "tatoeba_id": 103183 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0d85baf1ab9201a7de57e0010478367f65348ae22984aabfc3943c10c687f4f3", "meanings": [ "起源" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この民族の起源は神秘につつまれている。", "zh": "这个民族的起源笼罩在神秘之中。" }, { "ja": "彼は生命の起源にまで説き及んだ。", "zh": "他一直论述到生命的起源。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/400423303a", "JMdict ent_seq 1591140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f9756e80efd0576639a69931b872426018c2a0404a129ad5682e511ed16adcaf", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4e00989d6c", "word": "機構", "reading": "きこう", "romaji": "kikou", "meanings": [ "mechanism", "organization" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1220940, "examples": [ { "ja": "どこか機構が悪いに違いない。", "furigana": "どこか{機構|きこう}が{悪|わる}いに{違|ちが}いない。", "en": "Something must be wrong with the machinery.", "tatoeba_id": 201011 }, { "ja": "ＷＨＯとは世界保健機構を表す。", "en": "WHO stands for World Health Organization.", "tatoeba_id": 234779 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c1b959cd55b497e4abcaa36e1e1cdd5d6aa0e238909f7dcaea6e3cfb9f8d92ba", "meanings": [ "机构", "机制" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "どこか機構が悪いに違いない。", "zh": "某个机制一定出了问题。" }, { "ja": "ＷＨＯとは世界保健機構を表す。", "zh": "WHO代表世界卫生组织。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4e00989d6c", "JMdict ent_seq 1220940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2db7bf8d91a887cfc19427fd832e8676f5a47db589e1362509634894b3b5b41a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e4a3072227", "word": "既婚", "reading": "きこん", "romaji": "kikon", "meanings": [ "marriage", "married" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1220350, "examples": [ { "ja": "既婚女性が家や夫や子供たちの面倒を見ることがどんなことか、彼女は知っていた。", "furigana": "{既婚|きこん}{女性|じょせい}が{家|いえ}や{夫|おっと}や{子供|こども}たちの{面倒|めんどう}を{見|み}ることがどんなことか、{彼女|かのじょ}は{知|し}っていた。", "en": "She knew what it was like for married women to look after houses, husbands and children.", "tatoeba_id": 183400 }, { "ja": "応募者には既婚者もいる。", "en": "Some applicants are married." }, { "ja": "彼は既婚で子どもが二人いる。", "en": "He is married and has two children." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4102816cced476aea581ebb7bd86f503a22730be255f5f6707f00ed53f99bbcb", "meanings": [ "已婚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "既婚女性が家や夫や子供たちの面倒を見ることがどんなことか、彼女は知っていた。", "zh": "她知道已婚女性照顾家庭、丈夫和孩子意味着什么。" }, { "ja": "応募者には既婚者もいる。", "zh": "申请者中也有已婚人士。" }, { "ja": "彼は既婚で子どもが二人いる。", "zh": "他已婚，有两个孩子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e4a3072227", "JMdict ent_seq 1220350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6ca9b8968fb6fd66846f0c4c91f8bc50e2875352991d95460979decab03066b9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7ab6d50625", "word": "気障", "reading": "きざ", "romaji": "kiza", "meanings": [ "affectation", "conceit", "snobbery" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1222310, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは彼のきざな話し方を笑った。", "en": "They laughed at the affectations in his speech.", "tatoeba_id": 96357 }, { "ja": "彼のきざな態度は頭にくる。", "en": "His affectations are annoying.", "tatoeba_id": 118361 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1c305eb9cfe899f94180677061355334275e6037a128e547652332111de40e54", "meanings": [ "矫饰", "做作" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは彼のきざな話し方を笑った。", "zh": "他们嘲笑他做作的说话方式。" }, { "ja": "彼のきざな態度は頭にくる。", "zh": "他那副装腔作势的态度令人恼火。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7ab6d50625", "JMdict ent_seq 1222310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "15c788c052bf8d76cf883652ce9bd2cea2c7d4ad6262ee3e2cf044c7e7b6f65a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3cad90a857", "word": "記載", "reading": "きさい", "romaji": "kisai", "meanings": [ "mention", "entry" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1223230, "examples": [ { "ja": "著者と出版社の名前を記載します。", "furigana": "{著者|ちょしゃ}と{出版社|しゅっぱんしゃ}の{名前|なまえ}を{記載|きさい}します。", "en": "I will include the author's and publisher's names.", "tatoeba_id": 126292 }, { "ja": "他に記載すべき情報があれば教えてください。", "furigana": "{他|ほか}に{記載|きさい}すべき{情報|じょうほう}があれば{教|おし}えてください。", "en": "If you want to include other information, please let us know.", "tatoeba_id": 138793 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "113392ff94515cd1f5bd6968f9ea53028ce4db8e06a294386fc204623c483428", "meanings": [ "记载", "填写" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "著者と出版社の名前を記載します。", "zh": "记载作者和出版社的名称。" }, { "ja": "他に記載すべき情報があれば教えてください。", "zh": "如有其他需要记载的信息，请告诉我。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3cad90a857", "JMdict ent_seq 1223230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2ae61008212b93afd95058859105664eb3b397d0e62f9f3da31b15d75876edf9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "acfd50010e", "word": "兆し", "reading": "きざし", "romaji": "kizashi", "meanings": [ "signs", "omen", "symptoms" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1591160, "examples": [ { "ja": "その建物は老朽化の兆しを見せている。", "furigana": "その{建物|たてもの}は{老朽化|ろうきゅうか}の{兆|きざ}しを{見|み}せている。", "en": "The building exhibits signs of dilapidation.", "tatoeba_id": 211025 }, { "ja": "彼は糖尿病のどんな兆しにも注意していた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{糖尿病|とうにょうびょう}のどんな{兆|きざ}しにも{注意|ちゅうい}していた。", "en": "He was watchful for any sign of diabetes.", "tatoeba_id": 101719 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "107dbd7a383c71be85b4e1d4386e9c350c436b033b71c8b4b1290967ccc5719d", "meanings": [ "迹象", "征兆" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その建物は老朽化の兆しを見せている。", "zh": "那栋建筑出现了老化的迹象。" }, { "ja": "彼は糖尿病のどんな兆しにも注意していた。", "zh": "他留意着糖尿病的任何征兆。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/acfd50010e", "JMdict ent_seq 1591160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5f754705c7db03d5770a834fa1a1aabf4fcc34b9a8d7c1f857f0024423724325", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "指尚未明确出现但已有的迹象，常用于变化或疾病。" } }, { "id": "40998d8848", "word": "期日", "reading": "きじつ", "romaji": "kijitsu", "meanings": [ "fixed date", "settlement date" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1220610, "examples": [ { "ja": "試験期日を照会してみる必要がある。", "en": "We need to make inquiries about the date of the examination.", "tatoeba_id": 151064 }, { "ja": "お支払いの期日を二ヶ月間延長していただけませんでしょうか。", "en": "May we therefore ask you for a two months' extension of credit?", "tatoeba_id": 227107 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "70662fbddc724146710c5f752cd3f488b9fec21a7176f02ddfb87a7c966c396c", "meanings": [ "期限", "指定日期" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "試験期日を照会してみる必要がある。", "zh": "有必要询问考试日期。" }, { "ja": "お支払いの期日を二ヶ月間延長していただけませんでしょうか。", "zh": "可以把付款期限延长两个月吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/40998d8848", "JMdict ent_seq 1220610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ae50d574416fbff2711e5d560fdcd68eeb9346919b242bdebf6d16bac9ed15ac", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7403053ba1", "word": "議事堂", "reading": "ぎじどう", "romaji": "gijidou", "meanings": [ "Diet building" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1226090, "examples": [ { "ja": "銀行スキャンダルは国会議事堂をかけぬけました。", "furigana": "{銀行|ぎんこう}スキャンダルは{国会議事堂|こっかいぎじどう}をかけぬけました。", "en": "A banking scandal is sweeping across Capitol Hill.", "tatoeba_id": 179597 }, { "ja": "議事堂の前で集会が開かれた。", "en": "A rally was held in front of the parliament building." }, { "ja": "議事堂を見学した。", "en": "I toured the parliament building." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "64bfc7c4f9b4fc393c2302ef0fbcd2abe1a7ac41a9b1fe6f4aae560f4efb9f25", "meanings": [ "议事堂" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "銀行スキャンダルは国会議事堂をかけぬけました。", "zh": "银行丑闻在国会议事堂内迅速传开。" }, { "ja": "議事堂の前で集会が開かれた。", "zh": "议事堂前举行了集会。" }, { "ja": "議事堂を見学した。", "zh": "我参观了议事堂。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7403053ba1", "JMdict ent_seq 1226090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "683781eed935a27f66add2c682d3782cdfce7309dd8e10386fa5ffdcd65cc5e2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d80fc9667c", "word": "軋む", "reading": "きしむ", "romaji": "kishimu", "meanings": [ "to jar", "to creak", "to grate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1573440, "examples": [ { "ja": "テーブルがきしむほど食物がたくさんあった。", "furigana": "テーブルがきしむほど{食物|しょくもつ}がたくさんあった。", "en": "The table was groaning with food.", "tatoeba_id": 202431 }, { "ja": "彼女の体重でその椅子は、きしんだ。", "en": "The old chair groaned under her weight.", "tatoeba_id": 94156 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d9f5649496723418afcbb464d2defde605286df3ed6d15168d95d4060368359c", "meanings": [ "吱嘎作响" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "テーブルがきしむほど食物がたくさんあった。", "zh": "食物多得桌子都吱嘎作响。" }, { "ja": "彼女の体重でその椅子は、きしんだ。", "zh": "椅子在她的体重下吱嘎作响。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d80fc9667c", "JMdict ent_seq 1573440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5008d2b7ba3bc1706e61ac9e1640c6e670c7fd0e8a6ff09db128330658dac9ea", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b0868ed2cd", "word": "記述", "reading": "きじゅつ", "romaji": "kijutsu", "meanings": [ "describing", "descriptor" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1223280, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの男は新聞の記述と一致する。", "furigana": "あの{男|おとこ}は{新聞|しんぶん}の{記述|きじゅつ}と{一致|いっち}する。", "en": "The man answers to the description in the newspaper.", "tatoeba_id": 230597 }, { "ja": "彼は何が起こったのか正確に記述した。", "en": "He described exactly what happened.", "tatoeba_id": 109456 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d457dfdde540c93eeeae5e4fbde9bc39ebca2afb6c551fd0f390cd090a36ef9f", "meanings": [ "记述", "描述" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの男は新聞の記述と一致する。", "zh": "那个男人与报纸上的描述相符。" }, { "ja": "彼は何が起こったのか正確に記述した。", "zh": "他准确描述了发生的事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b0868ed2cd", "JMdict ent_seq 1223280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "faf9c45a33d168b4cb2e858e2b6e59d85d3b39d34693c6e5a3e73e46a8376c6a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c756e082cc", "word": "気象", "reading": "きしょう", "romaji": "kishou", "meanings": [ "weather", "climate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1222270, "examples": [ { "ja": "環境汚染は、異常な気象状況を引き起こしている。", "en": "Environmental pollution is causing abnormal weather conditions.", "tatoeba_id": 183891 }, { "ja": "機長は気象訓示を受ける為に気象室へ行く。", "en": "The captain will go to the meteorological office to get a weather briefing.", "tatoeba_id": 183342 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "45f1b8a8d28383b6339efcbdf4ed8c6f539ea02888d10336d33bc6dc8ee5382d", "meanings": [ "气象", "天气" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "環境汚染は、異常な気象状況を引き起こしている。", "zh": "环境污染导致异常天气状况。" }, { "ja": "機長は気象訓示を受ける為に気象室へ行く。", "zh": "机长去气象室接受气象简报。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c756e082cc", "JMdict ent_seq 1222270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ecbd460fd14f2d0b685e043a47a06324beed753fe1dbf335adcab7eee28b82e9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1ef8454626", "word": "奇数", "reading": "きすう", "romaji": "kisuu", "meanings": [ "odd number" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1219410, "examples": [ { "ja": "１、３、５は奇数である。", "furigana": "１、３、５は{奇数|きすう}である。", "en": "One, three, and five are odd numbers.", "tatoeba_id": 236127 }, { "ja": "奇数と偶数は交互に現れる。", "furigana": "{奇数|きすう}と{偶数|ぐうすう}は{交互|こうご}に{現|あらわ}れる。", "en": "Odd numbers alternate with even ones.", "tatoeba_id": 183521 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "307fd2a74648a6ef5639e88fca9e1dfbf45e1bebe15da5c11c7dbc3c6b2a3764", "meanings": [ "奇数" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "１、３、５は奇数である。", "zh": "一、三、五是奇数。" }, { "ja": "奇数と偶数は交互に現れる。", "zh": "奇数和偶数交替出现。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1ef8454626", "JMdict ent_seq 1219410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a43e11c10570e4706fdb32212769914170908e912b58b172ca461c68eb9abb16", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7c29a620bc", "word": "築く", "reading": "きずく", "romaji": "kizuku", "meanings": [ "to build", "to pile up", "to amass" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1422140, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は貿易で財産を築いた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{貿易|ぼうえき}で{財産|ざいさん}を{築|きず}いた。", "en": "He made his fortune from commerce.", "tatoeba_id": 99977 }, { "ja": "彼はこのビジネスで名声を築いた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はこのビジネスで{名声|めいせい}を{築|きず}いた。", "en": "He worked up a good reputation through this business.", "tatoeba_id": 113796 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "81965b381987d4ffe19208e1a34dff9a31190856beb8ddd97b69bb1de568391c", "meanings": [ "建立", "积累" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は貿易で財産を築いた。", "zh": "他通过贸易积累了财富。" }, { "ja": "彼はこのビジネスで名声を築いた。", "zh": "他在这门生意中建立了声誉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7c29a620bc", "JMdict ent_seq 1422140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c02559d118cac97a691f31c0c49b75c83399ff6bcd3beb018ffcc0c3babd4d72", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1932992711", "word": "傷付く", "reading": "きずつく", "romaji": "kizutsuku", "meanings": [ "to be hurt", "to be wounded", "to get injured" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1591240, "examples": [ { "ja": "傷ついた鳥が地面に落ちた。", "furigana": "{傷|きず}ついた{鳥|とり}が{地面|じめん}に{落|お}ちた。", "en": "The injured bird fell to the ground.", "tatoeba_id": 147212 }, { "ja": "その噂で彼の名声が傷ついた。", "furigana": "その{噂|うわさ}で{彼|かれ}の{名声|めいせい}が{傷|きず}ついた。", "en": "The gossip hurt his reputation.", "tatoeba_id": 212312 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c6ed7b485f5b3659a211acab00fec33bad981eab90573a4c39465c490ea45763", "meanings": [ "受伤", "受到损害" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "傷ついた鳥が地面に落ちた。", "zh": "受伤的鸟落到了地上。" }, { "ja": "その噂で彼の名声が傷ついた。", "zh": "他的声誉因那则传言受损。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1932992711", "JMdict ent_seq 1591240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "87a082f58707995e62d31f9a95400cb3029cf1c75d8abf7182ae0901ea7cec21", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "64b98ebf54", "word": "規制", "reading": "きせい", "romaji": "kisei", "meanings": [ "regulation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1223010, "examples": [ { "ja": "交通規制には従わないといけない。", "en": "We should obey the traffic rules.", "tatoeba_id": 174156 }, { "ja": "生徒たちは規制で縛りつけられている。", "furigana": "{生徒|せいと}たちは{規制|きせい}で{縛|しば}りつけられている。", "en": "The pupils are bound down by the rules.", "tatoeba_id": 142755 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e6b6946a24fe7737d1f9e9c8a1358a837bb71777a7e3d45c0af88697a872e3b4", "meanings": [ "限制", "管制" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "交通規制には従わないといけない。", "zh": "必须遵守交通管制。" }, { "ja": "生徒たちは規制で縛りつけられている。", "zh": "学生们被规章束缚着。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/64b98ebf54", "JMdict ent_seq 1223010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ea8444d92e8a24a5eb1dd30273d210546776ea693ff6426d2524d081a800bd74", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c3f182c7a5", "word": "犠牲", "reading": "ぎせい", "romaji": "gisei", "meanings": [ "sacrifice" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1225450, "examples": [ { "ja": "数千人がこの病気の犠牲になった。", "en": "Thousands of people became victims of this disease.", "tatoeba_id": 143516 }, { "ja": "彼は健康を犠牲にしてそれをした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{健康|けんこう}を{犠牲|ぎせい}にしてそれをした。", "en": "He did it at the expense of his health.", "tatoeba_id": 107746 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "485bc6b0fdd3063f40ba58c004c9bee34c6e034dbef3ec67e8f549f700d4dc4b", "meanings": [ "牺牲", "受害" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "数千人がこの病気の犠牲になった。", "zh": "数千人成为这种疾病的牺牲者。" }, { "ja": "彼は健康を犠牲にしてそれをした。", "zh": "他以牺牲健康为代价做了那件事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c3f182c7a5", "JMdict ent_seq 1225450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "050c4833d1fd949bacf2a97d8d7500ef78cafffe08478fce9b736afec76385da", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d793a29cc2", "word": "汽船", "reading": "きせん", "romaji": "kisen", "meanings": [ "steamship" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1222730, "examples": [ { "ja": "その汽船は香港に立ち寄った。", "furigana": "その{汽船|きせん}は{香港|ほんこん}に{立|た}ち{寄|よ}った。", "en": "The liner called at Hong Kong.", "tatoeba_id": 211518 }, { "ja": "汽船は見えなくなった。", "furigana": "{汽船|きせん}は{見|み}えなくなった。", "en": "The steam ship has gone out of sight.", "tatoeba_id": 183120 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "09aeecc894225e318850bf1607ec68930ab7ae29bb309d6aa069bf98d8eab4cb", "meanings": [ "汽船" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その汽船は香港に立ち寄った。", "zh": "那艘汽船停靠了香港。" }, { "ja": "汽船は見えなくなった。", "zh": "汽船看不见了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d793a29cc2", "JMdict ent_seq 1222730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e98bbe5196b25108f645436322109230c1d44eff1d942e0baf910ec78e5e943f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "56c97b87bd", "word": "寄贈", "reading": "きぞう", "romaji": "kizou", "meanings": [ "donation", "presentation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1577730, "other_readings": [ "きそう" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "同書を一部ご寄贈いただければ幸いに存じます。", "en": "I would very much appreciate receiving a copy of the book.", "tatoeba_id": 123651 }, { "ja": "図書館に本を寄贈した。", "en": "I donated books to the library." }, { "ja": "美術館に作品が寄贈された。", "en": "A work was donated to the museum." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "192bf0a7bdaec4d571bdc80214639abc83c8c796c44997344a8eb576200d9ccd", "meanings": [ "捐赠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "同書を一部ご寄贈いただければ幸いに存じます。", "zh": "如能惠赠一本该书，将不胜感激。" }, { "ja": "図書館に本を寄贈した。", "zh": "我向图书馆捐赠了书。" }, { "ja": "美術館に作品が寄贈された。", "zh": "一件作品被捐赠给了美术馆。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/56c97b87bd", "JMdict ent_seq 1577730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "31b12799b604bdc64c42f9892432cb1408adfd2d6572174def6dac9cb5667fee", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0ce664d522", "word": "偽造", "reading": "ぎぞう", "romaji": "gizou", "meanings": [ "forgery", "falsification", "fabrication", "counterfeiting" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1224580, "examples": [ { "ja": "その文書は本物でも偽造されたものでもない。", "furigana": "その{文書|ぶんしょ}は{本物|ほんもの}でも{偽造|ぎぞう}されたものでもない。", "en": "The document is neither genuine nor forged.", "tatoeba_id": 206867 }, { "ja": "証明書を偽造してはいけない。", "en": "You must not forge a certificate." }, { "ja": "偽造された紙幣が見つかった。", "en": "Counterfeit banknotes were found." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7b231a194908c81c72e9b835585c681ca961a41ff9b0ae76b8d139652265acf4", "meanings": [ "伪造" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その文書は本物でも偽造されたものでもない。", "zh": "那个文件既不是真的，也不是伪造的。" }, { "ja": "証明書を偽造してはいけない。", "zh": "不得伪造证明书。" }, { "ja": "偽造された紙幣が見つかった。", "zh": "发现了伪造的纸币。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0ce664d522", "JMdict ent_seq 1224580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "822e905cdc8d699358d010b29a44d28154ce0b88b23b2bb7f7cd3780b313ef20", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "91fdffaf48", "word": "貴族", "reading": "きぞく", "romaji": "kizoku", "meanings": [ "noble", "aristocrat" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1223550, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は貴族の出である。", "en": "He springs from a noble family.", "tatoeba_id": 108546 }, { "ja": "彼は生まれはいわゆる貴族だった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{生|う}まれはいわゆる{貴族|きぞく}だった。", "en": "He was a so-called aristocrat by birth.", "tatoeba_id": 103231 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8e721c37e28223fd77f9b756a332491be31ece5940081b5e6b221aec71f6e023", "meanings": [ "贵族" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は貴族の出である。", "zh": "他出身贵族。" }, { "ja": "彼は生まれはいわゆる貴族だった。", "zh": "他出生于所谓的贵族家庭。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/91fdffaf48", "JMdict ent_seq 1223550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ee9da897d674adec1de3434b2db988690c8fe5831e0b0bcf2639163dc584f292", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c18859026f", "word": "議題", "reading": "ぎだい", "romaji": "gidai", "meanings": [ "topic of discussion", "agenda" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1226130, "examples": [ { "ja": "議題を変えてみたらどうだろう。", "furigana": "{議題|ぎだい}を{変|か}えてみたらどうだろう。", "en": "Suppose we change the subject.", "tatoeba_id": 182893 }, { "ja": "それらの議題は一括して取り上げられた。", "furigana": "それらの{議題|ぎだい}は{一括|いっかつ}して{取|と}り{上|あ}げられた。", "en": "Those agenda items were taken up en bloc for discussion.", "tatoeba_id": 204760 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3cbe930e0624f5383997e85f725b92a5e3721990bbf972853dce3a2eb8b0d2b4", "meanings": [ "议题" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "議題を変えてみたらどうだろう。", "zh": "换个议题怎么样？" }, { "ja": "それらの議題は一括して取り上げられた。", "zh": "那些议题被一并讨论。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c18859026f", "JMdict ent_seq 1226130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4609e7ad5cd703c19fe890927b5003e1da0d3fce9c860f2b622caaecc0ddae0e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6a55eceb06", "word": "鍛える", "reading": "きたえる", "romaji": "kitaeru", "meanings": [ "to forge", "to drill", "to temper", "to train", "to discipline" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1419120, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は鋼を鍛えて刀を作った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{鋼|はがね}を{鍛|きた}えて{刀|かたな}を{作|つく}った。", "en": "He forged the steel into a sword.", "tatoeba_id": 107312 }, { "ja": "若いうちに体を鍛えなさい。", "furigana": "{若|わか}いうちに{体|からだ}を{鍛|きた}えなさい。", "en": "Build up your body while young.", "tatoeba_id": 148866 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c2a8dd02ce8c3925cad60916db7562d1d1fe072b651813668d66c47f4679316c", "meanings": [ "锻造", "锻炼" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は鋼を鍛えて刀を作った。", "zh": "他锻钢制造刀。" }, { "ja": "若いうちに体を鍛えなさい。", "zh": "趁年轻锻炼身体吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6a55eceb06", "JMdict ent_seq 1419120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ffecbcd4fb29762a5e22824b13f5d7e69d709d3ea10cda5250d9ab02626181ae", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0aba7c931b", "word": "気立て", "reading": "きだて", "romaji": "kidate", "meanings": [ "disposition", "nature" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1222670, "examples": [ { "ja": "なるほど彼女は美人ではないが、気立てがよい。", "furigana": "なるほど{彼女|かのじょ}は{美人|びじん}ではないが、{気立|きだ}てがよい。", "en": "She is not beautiful, to be sure, but she is good-natured.", "tatoeba_id": 199023 }, { "ja": "彼女は美人であるばかりか気立てもいい。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{美人|びじん}であるばかりか{気立|きだ}てもいい。", "en": "She is not only beautiful but also amiable.", "tatoeba_id": 87071 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "cbd966e382eb63f4d4f9c187e2b7adbfbd99d0f9c9fbe1197b159b56526e5fd5", "meanings": [ "性情", "心地" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "なるほど彼女は美人ではないが、気立てがよい。", "zh": "她虽然不是美女，但心地很好。" }, { "ja": "彼女は美人であるばかりか気立てもいい。", "zh": "她不仅漂亮，性情也好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0aba7c931b", "JMdict ent_seq 1222670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6c5e7554ba41e8cfffe5e5f432048cdfc6da5fd4b11ea2f46864fe1573b3fc66", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "48d1eb2573", "word": "来る", "reading": "きたる", "romaji": "kitaru", "meanings": [ "to come", "to arrive", "to be due to", "to be next", "to be forthcoming" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1591270, "examples": [ { "ja": "来る四月に新しい制度が始まる。", "en": "A new system will begin this coming April." }, { "ja": "来る大会に向けて練習する。", "en": "Practice for the upcoming tournament." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0f00393f8177a1750bc64b7a5286821b7bba2dbbf7b7deae0aea090f49eff627", "meanings": [ "即将到来的" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "来る四月に新しい制度が始まる。", "zh": "新的制度将在即将到来的四月开始。" }, { "ja": "来る大会に向けて練習する。", "zh": "为即将到来的比赛练习。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/48d1eb2573", "JMdict ent_seq 1591270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "375ea94f75cbc48df294c005be9ced6aa80a87ba343e61729c3a061c1cbe7a21", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "10ac90d275", "word": "きちっと", "reading": "きちっと", "romaji": "kichitto", "meanings": [ "exactly", "perfectly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1003390, "examples": [ { "ja": "靴を脱いだらきちっと揃えておきなさい。", "en": "If you are taking your shoes off, please put them in their place.", "tatoeba_id": 1112634 }, { "ja": "書類をきちっと整理した。", "en": "I organized the documents neatly." }, { "ja": "約束の時間をきちっと守る。", "en": "Keep the appointed time precisely." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2d446468064c90342366649d5e35f987e81bb21e90502e23171c68b44f017afb", "meanings": [ "整齐地", "准确地" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "靴を脱いだらきちっと揃えておきなさい。", "zh": "脱下鞋后要整齐地摆好。" }, { "ja": "書類をきちっと整理した。", "zh": "我把文件整理得整整齐齐。" }, { "ja": "約束の時間をきちっと守る。", "zh": "严格遵守约定时间。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/10ac90d275", "JMdict ent_seq 1003390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0ab8377a7b17592a7920ac6fabbfc084c2e933cc922ac680802841360cfb46b3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d5ab320203", "word": "几帳面", "reading": "きちょうめん", "romaji": "kichoumen", "meanings": [ "methodical", "punctual", "steady" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1564360, "examples": [ { "ja": "お金の事では彼女は几帳面です。", "furigana": "お{金|かね}の{事|こと}では{彼女|かのじょ}は{几帳面|きちょうめん}です。", "en": "She is exact in money matters.", "tatoeba_id": 227260 }, { "ja": "彼女は仕事が非常にきちょうめんだ。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{仕事|しごと}が{非常|ひじょう}にきちょうめんだ。", "en": "She is very exact in her job.", "tatoeba_id": 89828 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "99947b719d49210f3ad99fbec5f38fc48eefb35ec0cd183a2410cd4fa97dad78", "meanings": [ "一丝不苟", "认真" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "お金の事では彼女は几帳面です。", "zh": "她在钱的事情上一丝不苟。" }, { "ja": "彼女は仕事が非常にきちょうめんだ。", "zh": "她工作非常认真细致。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d5ab320203", "JMdict ent_seq 1564360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d342fe4bf80730c0d1066962790aec8a16db5c34872811e4c0900567b59a7f0e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "62271007f5", "word": "きっかり", "reading": "きっかり", "romaji": "kikkari", "meanings": [ "exactly", "precisely" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1003410, "examples": [ { "ja": "ケイトは５時きっかりに来た。", "en": "Kate came at five sharp.", "tatoeba_id": 225390 }, { "ja": "飛行機は６時きっかりに着陸した。", "furigana": "{飛行機|ひこうき}は６{時|じ}きっかりに{着陸|ちゃくりく}した。", "en": "The plane landed at 6 o'clock to the minute.", "tatoeba_id": 85676 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f2ad0ea5ed67ef242f0a9076b26232429d3464721d4113e4d485f47172282168", "meanings": [ "恰好", "正好" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ケイトは５時きっかりに来た。", "zh": "凯特五点整来了。" }, { "ja": "飛行機は６時きっかりに着陸した。", "zh": "飞机六点整降落。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/62271007f5", "JMdict ent_seq 1003410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "174679b41aef1f3db6957452254e48a0ee14309d04307cfc8a381ea9f16c6ab0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "23de10d698", "word": "喫茶", "reading": "きっさ", "romaji": "kissa", "meanings": [ "tea drinking", "tea house" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1226430, "examples": [ { "ja": "マンガ喫茶を営んでいます。", "en": "I own a comic book store.", "tatoeba_id": 10971898 }, { "ja": "駅前で喫茶店を探した。", "en": "I looked for a coffee shop near the station." }, { "ja": "喫茶室で休憩した。", "en": "I took a break in the tearoom." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "41abbecdd2a4fe9db9b867b78e07a4552fc41e13fa4befb09742c5297b0c829d", "meanings": [ "喝茶", "茶店" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "マンガ喫茶を営んでいます。", "zh": "我经营一家漫画咖啡店。" }, { "ja": "駅前で喫茶店を探した。", "zh": "我在车站前找咖啡店。" }, { "ja": "喫茶室で休憩した。", "zh": "我在茶室休息了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/23de10d698", "JMdict ent_seq 1226430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "32aeb9efc3d769154ff2b9912a3dcd141c999a1483befb72658611dea78a897a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e8532fa5c4", "word": "きっちり", "reading": "きっちり", "romaji": "kitchiri", "meanings": [ "precisely", "tightly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adv-to", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1003420, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は入ってからきっちりドアを閉めた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{入|はい}ってからきっちりドアを{閉|し}めた。", "en": "She closed the door tightly behind her.", "tatoeba_id": 87613 }, { "ja": "私はきっちり３時間待った。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はきっちり３{時間|じかん}{待|ま}った。", "en": "I have waited a full three hours.", "tatoeba_id": 161144 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4c3ac03848046ba36394be15aca6db7aa038e1d8ac9d378d4112deae28a7f384", "meanings": [ "紧紧地", "恰好" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は入ってからきっちりドアを閉めた。", "zh": "她进去后把门关紧了。" }, { "ja": "私はきっちり３時間待った。", "zh": "我整整等了三个小时。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e8532fa5c4", "JMdict ent_seq 1003420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8f7ae885e5ecbb20869860e7fc07d37a10128a386fb7618962547957fd408c26", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "082f3292f2", "word": "きっぱり", "reading": "きっぱり", "romaji": "kippari", "meanings": [ "clearly", "plainly", "distinctly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adv-to", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1003440, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私を中に入れるのをきっぱりと断った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{私|わたし}を{中|なか}に{入|い}れるのをきっぱりと{断|ことわ}った。", "en": "He flatly refused to let me in.", "tatoeba_id": 105533 }, { "ja": "きっぱりと彼の頼みを断りなさい。", "furigana": "きっぱりと{彼|かれ}の{頼|たの}みを{断|ことわ}りなさい。", "en": "Turn him down once for all.", "tatoeba_id": 225984 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "045dd53021aec14c6bf740de245d4158305e2ed6219b76396798515e356429fd", "meanings": [ "明确地", "断然" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私を中に入れるのをきっぱりと断った。", "zh": "他断然拒绝让我进去。" }, { "ja": "きっぱりと彼の頼みを断りなさい。", "zh": "明确拒绝他的请求。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/082f3292f2", "JMdict ent_seq 1003440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "aefeff4f443de0820cd474e5e827ed8e453374928d196fbd65e1b56bc4c62fc2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "表示态度明确、断然，常与断る连用。" } }, { "id": "c8ec08e8af", "word": "規定", "reading": "きてい", "romaji": "kitei", "meanings": [ "regulation", "provisions" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1223060, "examples": [ { "ja": "この犯罪に対して法律は罰則を規定している。", "en": "The law provides penalties for this crime." }, { "ja": "志願者は女性に限ると規定されている。", "furigana": "{志願者|しがんしゃ}は{女性|じょせい}に{限|かぎ}ると{規定|きてい}されている。", "en": "It is provided that the applicants must be woman.", "tatoeba_id": 168293 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6725cf93b7d9f4c45f32edca925e91d4c4792abb39e09500113f2b620035cacd", "meanings": [ "规定" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この犯罪に対して法律は罰則を規定している。", "zh": "法律规定了对这一犯罪的处罚。" }, { "ja": "志願者は女性に限ると規定されている。", "zh": "规定申请者限于女性。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c8ec08e8af", "JMdict ent_seq 1223060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "061b3ec2148c8fee5946c64cbc7b3cb6f27018023cb40fe820ded5832e36f83c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "59fc835fed", "word": "起点", "reading": "きてん", "romaji": "kiten", "meanings": [ "starting point" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1223860, "examples": [ { "ja": "駅を起点に歩き始めた。", "en": "I began walking from the station as a starting point." }, { "ja": "この地点が路線の起点だ。", "en": "This point is the starting point of the route." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2783c0b347d7eed6b62154f9a0565908923351cbda4cadff225b771432c6ad62", "meanings": [ "起点" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "駅を起点に歩き始めた。", "zh": "我以车站为起点开始步行。" }, { "ja": "この地点が路線の起点だ。", "zh": "这一地点是线路的起点。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/59fc835fed", "JMdict ent_seq 1223860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fce72a864c2c21c7afe31fbadd81439469c0371ae21d8c7ec11fa886c2528890", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7825b83055", "word": "軌道", "reading": "きどう", "romaji": "kidou", "meanings": [ "orbit", "railroad track" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1223980, "examples": [ { "ja": "その衛星は地球の軌道を１０周した。", "en": "The satellite made 10 orbits of the earth.", "tatoeba_id": 212210 }, { "ja": "衛星は月の周りの軌道に乗っている。", "furigana": "{衛星|えいせい}は{月|つき}の{周|まわ}りの{軌道|きどう}に{乗|の}っている。", "en": "The satellite is in orbit around the moon.", "tatoeba_id": 188969 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a197d57e97cca39db82872deaf22d08ff765f42505b9e4f4e388548b1f02859e", "meanings": [ "轨道" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その衛星は地球の軌道を１０周した。", "zh": "那颗卫星绕地球轨道飞行了十圈。" }, { "ja": "衛星は月の周りの軌道に乗っている。", "zh": "卫星在环绕月球的轨道上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7825b83055", "JMdict ent_seq 1223980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "85d993519beead61f285e38a97853dbba21c09649e56032a93c7e27b104d265a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fef649093b", "word": "技能", "reading": "ぎのう", "romaji": "ginou", "meanings": [ "technical skill", "ability", "capacity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1225230, "examples": [ { "ja": "学生は読書の技能を磨くべきだ。", "furigana": "{学生|がくせい}は{読書|どくしょ}の{技能|ぎのう}を{磨|みが}くべきだ。", "en": "Students should develop their reading skills.", "tatoeba_id": 184229 }, { "ja": "彼の技能はその仕事にうってつけだった。", "en": "His skills qualified him for the job.", "tatoeba_id": 117795 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b4d39a5f888b15e5353520bffbade8e2022d4f5399af3f2f6c5948b86fe3eb3d", "meanings": [ "技能" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "学生は読書の技能を磨くべきだ。", "zh": "学生应该磨炼阅读技能。" }, { "ja": "彼の技能はその仕事にうってつけだった。", "zh": "他的技能非常适合那份工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fef649093b", "JMdict ent_seq 1225230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "57c00370b08e51496e4ad608e8b5c229e6fa3ff17591883bbb57bbed4604faea", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "99d671e7c9", "word": "甲", "reading": "きのえ", "romaji": "kinoe", "meanings": [ "1st in rank", "first sign of the Chinese calendar", "shell", "instep", "grade A" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2397580, "examples": [ { "ja": "甲は十干の最初である。", "en": "Kinoe is the first of the ten celestial stems." }, { "ja": "甲の年について調べた。", "en": "I researched a year designated by the stem kinoe." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1d95e5eb004e9df0d1add2824d839cb6bf3548dbb89a69445b24993c0fed8cb7", "meanings": [ "甲", "十干之首" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "甲は十干の最初である。", "zh": "甲是十干的第一位。" }, { "ja": "甲の年について調べた。", "zh": "我查阅了以甲为天干的年份。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/99d671e7c9", "JMdict ent_seq 2397580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f712abc716b7f00224f0a8cffe049830d1fd7db2c1b9e208c428e433bb3a1efa", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "27f5dcd741", "word": "規範", "reading": "きはん", "romaji": "kihan", "meanings": [ "model", "standard", "pattern", "norm", "criterion", "example" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1591390, "examples": [ { "ja": "倫理学というのは、行動の規範を意味する。", "furigana": "{倫理学|りんりがく}というのは、{行動|こうどう}の{規範|きはん}を{意味|いみ}する。", "en": "Ethics means the rules of conduct.", "tatoeba_id": 77794 }, { "ja": "それは私たちの道徳的規範には受け入れられない。", "en": "It is not acceptable to our moral code.", "tatoeba_id": 205154 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7f8babbb8308f40a1c19f5dcf1cf4710aca8cb377d89bf6a9e9482f2b2425801", "meanings": [ "规范", "准则" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "倫理学というのは、行動の規範を意味する。", "zh": "伦理学指行为的规范。" }, { "ja": "それは私たちの道徳的規範には受け入れられない。", "zh": "那不为我们的道德规范所接受。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/27f5dcd741", "JMdict ent_seq 1591390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a8786516ef803a51de008b84c7edf6f331038ab839b56285369c55200420ffc7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e05bb17edd", "word": "気品", "reading": "きひん", "romaji": "kihin", "meanings": [ "elegance", "refinement", "dignity", "aroma" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1222540, "examples": [ { "ja": "その町を色にたとえていうと、ワインレッドかな、こう、なんか気品があって、落ち着くのよね。", "en": "If that city were a color, it would be a color with a quiet sort of dignity ... wine red, say.", "tatoeba_id": 207779 }, { "ja": "気品のあるたたずまいだ。", "en": "It has a refined appearance." }, { "ja": "彼女の話し方には気品がある。", "en": "Her way of speaking has elegance." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d04a20620c43dff43bdf2b564fd4f42fded18ed76987d8d2a6b34bce26300d64", "meanings": [ "高雅", "品位" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その町を色にたとえていうと、ワインレッドかな、こう、なんか気品があって、落ち着くのよね。", "zh": "如果用颜色来比喻那个小镇，大概是酒红色吧，感觉高雅而宁静。" }, { "ja": "気品のあるたたずまいだ。", "zh": "它的样子很有品位。" }, { "ja": "彼女の話し方には気品がある。", "zh": "她的说话方式很高雅。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e05bb17edd", "JMdict ent_seq 1222540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7db00a0ae49da98881660a9f179612cf3adf15064438a173825eebb67e6ef45d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d23da22be0", "word": "気風", "reading": "きふう", "romaji": "kifuu", "meanings": [ "character", "traits", "ethos" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1222580, "examples": [ { "ja": "自由な気風の会社だ。", "en": "It is a company with a free-spirited ethos." }, { "ja": "土地の気風を大切にする。", "en": "Value the character of the local community." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5b5c7fc4d23585ed7ce245dcce3ba460b8ad0b5f026704465497067278d5db38", "meanings": [ "气风", "风气" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "自由な気風の会社だ。", "zh": "这家公司风气自由。" }, { "ja": "土地の気風を大切にする。", "zh": "重视当地的风气。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d23da22be0", "JMdict ent_seq 1222580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f2caf24871b261aed3ad85d16672ede96c7ffa66afc24d9b67a72637ee2ea2da", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e5983c3097", "word": "起伏", "reading": "きふく", "romaji": "kifuku", "meanings": [ "undulation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1223930, "examples": [ { "ja": "この道は起伏が多い。", "en": "This road has many rises and falls." }, { "ja": "感情の起伏が激しい。", "en": "His emotions fluctuate greatly." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ddb2fed905c939b43d3a7a90e3656cfb21acdad149967587bef5a29562602c5d", "meanings": [ "起伏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この道は起伏が多い。", "zh": "这条路起伏很多。" }, { "ja": "感情の起伏が激しい。", "zh": "他的情绪起伏很大。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e5983c3097", "JMdict ent_seq 1223930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3c48b0acfe38eca9bc621f7ec0441fc6a8b69412429dd71bace85b98b9823420", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8cae689952", "word": "規模", "reading": "きぼ", "romaji": "kibo", "meanings": [ "scale", "scope", "plan", "structure" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1223090, "examples": [ { "ja": "我々のクラスは規模が大きくなった。", "furigana": "{我々|われわれ}のクラスは{規模|きぼ}が{大|おお}きくなった。", "en": "Our class has increased in size.", "tatoeba_id": 186336 }, { "ja": "ニューヨークはただ規模の点で長いこと孤高を保ってきた。", "furigana": "ニューヨークはただ{規模|きぼ}の{点|てん}で{長|なが}いこと{孤高|ここう}を{保|たも}ってきた。", "en": "New York City has long been unusual because of its sheer size.", "tatoeba_id": 76493 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6a7464717d7bb430325da19411c5f85dc3865fafd933c1d88a7419803fcba668", "meanings": [ "规模" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "我々のクラスは規模が大きくなった。", "zh": "我们的班级规模变大了。" }, { "ja": "ニューヨークはただ規模の点で長いこと孤高を保ってきた。", "zh": "纽约长期以来仅在规模方面就独占鳌头。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8cae689952", "JMdict ent_seq 1223090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "12414d215a4a17dfc20a7e00866d84660acf87476fb4c784db93b61adec53d41", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "584d78b24f", "word": "気まぐれ", "reading": "きまぐれ", "romaji": "kimagure", "meanings": [ "whim", "caprice", "whimsy", "fickle", "moody", "uneven temper" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1591410, "examples": [ { "ja": "気まぐれな天気だな。", "en": "The weather is fickle.", "tatoeba_id": 183254 }, { "ja": "私たちがポルトガルへ行こうと決めたのはまったくの気まぐれだった。", "en": "Our decision to go to Portugal was quite arbitrary.", "tatoeba_id": 167291 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a5a2751724150099676aa0c4a51900ec35a9a6d36fcf38bed48070e6b25a2918", "meanings": [ "反复无常", "心血来潮" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "気まぐれな天気だな。", "zh": "天气真是变化无常。" }, { "ja": "私たちがポルトガルへ行こうと決めたのはまったくの気まぐれだった。", "zh": "我们决定去葡萄牙纯粹是一时兴起。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/584d78b24f", "JMdict ent_seq 1591410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "013ca0c6269b76143e6cbfbcf8484e1d09c7160ccfb9d56e7e685d7812c7ecc8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "形容随心情变化、反复无常，也指一时兴起。" } }, { "id": "9d306d1477", "word": "生真面目", "reading": "きまじめ", "romaji": "kimajime", "meanings": [ "too serious", "person who is too serious", "honesty", "sincerity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1379150, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はきまじめな気質である。", "en": "She is a serious person.", "tatoeba_id": 92974 }, { "ja": "彼は生真面目に仕事をする。", "en": "He works with great seriousness." }, { "ja": "生真面目な性格で冗談が苦手だ。", "en": "She is so serious that she struggles with jokes." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "06f0aa558c102044d65379a1373a581f84a13dc58e0430bc1d7a8d16867ffa68", "meanings": [ "认真", "过于认真" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はきまじめな気質である。", "zh": "她性情非常认真。" }, { "ja": "彼は生真面目に仕事をする。", "zh": "他工作非常认真。" }, { "ja": "生真面目な性格で冗談が苦手だ。", "zh": "她性格过于认真，不擅长开玩笑。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9d306d1477", "JMdict ent_seq 1379150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "59ef621d675214d87be920df88a6718a7dc5a1377a1d329d58c868562c5a11ef", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ac858447fc", "word": "期末", "reading": "きまつ", "romaji": "kimatsu", "meanings": [ "end of term" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1220620, "examples": [ { "ja": "期末レポートははかどってますか。", "furigana": "{期末|きまつ}レポートははかどってますか。", "en": "How is your term paper coming along?", "tatoeba_id": 183385 }, { "ja": "学生たちは期末レポートを提出した。", "furigana": "{学生|がくせい}たちは{期末|きまつ}レポートを{提出|ていしゅつ}した。", "en": "The students turned in their term papers.", "tatoeba_id": 184308 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3d49ec7e9391f006304913f04d3d5898c35fc28fd1cfe505b0f28a545f577fdf", "meanings": [ "期末" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "期末レポートははかどってますか。", "zh": "期末报告进展顺利吗？" }, { "ja": "学生たちは期末レポートを提出した。", "zh": "学生们提交了期末报告。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ac858447fc", "JMdict ent_seq 1220620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "18313b6f62cdcf4e1e36bb09c13c20ad0cdfa9a87da4e7e035efd0a098dca59e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "47871e07a3", "word": "決まり悪い", "reading": "きまりわるい", "romaji": "kimariwarui", "meanings": [ "feeling awkward", "being ashamed" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1254160, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は誤りを指摘されて決まり悪い思いをした。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{誤|あやま}りを{指摘|してき}されて{決|き}まり{悪|わる}い{思|おも}いをした。", "en": "I was abashed when my mistakes were pointed out.", "tatoeba_id": 157189 }, { "ja": "間違えて決まり悪い思いをした。", "en": "I felt embarrassed after making a mistake." }, { "ja": "遅れて入るのは決まり悪い。", "en": "It is embarrassing to enter late." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "23c81f2af51e1999407f104f49db28145f5a611e43e82b73ec3826da12ee9759", "meanings": [ "不好意思", "尴尬" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は誤りを指摘されて決まり悪い思いをした。", "zh": "被指出错误后，我感到很尴尬。" }, { "ja": "間違えて決まり悪い思いをした。", "zh": "弄错后我感到很尴尬。" }, { "ja": "遅れて入るのは決まり悪い。", "zh": "迟到后进去很不好意思。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/47871e07a3", "JMdict ent_seq 1254160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "60268c9cf8e0cdecd92af19322c478e6427bdba4facb821070d00efd5698c609", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "aa8aefa05c", "word": "記名", "reading": "きめい", "romaji": "kimei", "meanings": [ "signature", "register" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1223430, "examples": [ { "ja": "持ち物すべてに記名してください。", "furigana": "{持|も}ち{物|もの}すべてに{記名|きめい}してください。", "en": "Please put their name on everything they take with them.", "tatoeba_id": 74897 }, { "ja": "申込書に記名する。", "en": "Write your name on the application." }, { "ja": "記名した名札を受け取る。", "en": "Receive a name tag with your name written on it." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1627ca19829f40b3440e8bd7aaa806eead24043f3918a06d78e34b809440b823", "meanings": [ "记名", "写名字" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "持ち物すべてに記名してください。", "zh": "请在所有随身物品上写上名字。" }, { "ja": "申込書に記名する。", "zh": "在申请表上写名字。" }, { "ja": "記名した名札を受け取る。", "zh": "领取写有名字的名牌。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aa8aefa05c", "JMdict ent_seq 1223430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "06f2ee4e9935bc9306d0c2d4a5a97d903c59d5458b9ed234cbf7666bf8bd1039", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b23f5a2bd7", "word": "規約", "reading": "きやく", "romaji": "kiyaku", "meanings": [ "agreement", "rules", "code" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1223110, "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい規約は全会一致で承認された。", "furigana": "{新|あたら}しい{規約|きやく}は{全会|ぜんかい}{一致|いっち}で{承認|しょうにん}された。", "en": "The new regulations were confirmed by the full committee.", "tatoeba_id": 145436 }, { "ja": "会の規約を確認する。", "en": "Check the association’s rules." }, { "ja": "利用規約を読んでください。", "en": "Please read the terms of use." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "71aa63ff4576de517edef332b14c63b5e10b49d042a390f4e1626c699c034734", "meanings": [ "规约", "章程" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい規約は全会一致で承認された。", "zh": "新规约获得一致通过。" }, { "ja": "会の規約を確認する。", "zh": "确认协会的规约。" }, { "ja": "利用規約を読んでください。", "zh": "请阅读使用条款。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b23f5a2bd7", "JMdict ent_seq 1223110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "538510077d9ce5b64bc0e6fddf0550954dc6301fb4df75c513b454b33bd9e2a4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3a40a73925", "word": "脚色", "reading": "きゃくしょく", "romaji": "kyakushoku", "meanings": [ "dramatization (e.g. film)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1226830, "examples": [ { "ja": "この劇は小説から脚色したものです。", "furigana": "この{劇|げき}は{小説|しょうせつ}から{脚色|きゃくしょく}したものです。", "en": "This play was adapted from the novel.", "tatoeba_id": 222181 }, { "ja": "その物語は映画用に脚色された。", "furigana": "その{物語|ものがたり}は{映画|えいが}{用|よう}に{脚色|きゃくしょく}された。", "en": "The story was adapted for the movie.", "tatoeba_id": 206900 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a7f37a3564274c2288d359ce4bc1f3cfc291389b5341cbda205326f5bb576aee", "meanings": [ "改编" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この劇は小説から脚色したものです。", "zh": "这部剧是根据小说改编的。" }, { "ja": "その物語は映画用に脚色された。", "zh": "那个故事被改编成电影。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3a40a73925", "JMdict ent_seq 1226830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e38ca944201a458fb8c4c1fd6fdf1e6470996ebe043350958f50ea4d86054c2d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f44fefb984", "word": "逆転", "reading": "ぎゃくてん", "romaji": "gyakuten", "meanings": [ "(sudden) change", "reversal", "turn-around", "coming from behind (baseball)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1227170, "examples": [ { "ja": "形勢は逆転した。", "furigana": "{形勢|けいせい}は{逆転|ぎゃくてん}した。", "en": "Now the shoe is on the other foot.", "tatoeba_id": 176543 }, { "ja": "松井、起死回生の逆転満塁サヨナラホームラン！", "en": "Matsui pulled the Giants back from the brink with a grand slam that gave them a come-from-behind victory.", "tatoeba_id": 146426 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "43f472a000d221d5d7191df99fc2a13cad36ab07f3c3d736998345fab6d6a272", "meanings": [ "逆转" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "形勢は逆転した。", "zh": "局势逆转了。" }, { "ja": "松井、起死回生の逆転満塁サヨナラホームラン！", "zh": "松井打出了起死回生、逆转比分的满垒再见本垒打！" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f44fefb984", "JMdict ent_seq 1227170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4787e104573e87c0ebfe14273811fd29eef99e35e3a6767bff2917defc94eef5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d563e62066", "word": "脚本", "reading": "きゃくほん", "romaji": "kyakuhon", "meanings": [ "scenario" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1226880, "examples": [ { "ja": "脚本を書いていて、行き詰まった時はどうする？", "en": "What do you do when you get writer's block while writing a script?", "tatoeba_id": 74537 }, { "ja": "彼は脚本を書いている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{脚本|きゃくほん}を{書|か}いている。", "en": "He writes scripts.", "tatoeba_id": 108506 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1c720da1e984d1bbf9ab915ad46161360cd8aa17b0e5916ba5d4ae2c4d40a5b8", "meanings": [ "剧本", "脚本" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "脚本を書いていて、行き詰まった時はどうする？", "zh": "写剧本陷入瓶颈时怎么办？" }, { "ja": "彼は脚本を書いている。", "zh": "他正在写剧本。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d563e62066", "JMdict ent_seq 1226880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4add6fdf2512353fba60367baca7ae5b0c656fccc40d0f325da2d781fe456a10", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "003bb60074", "word": "客観", "reading": "きゃっかん", "romaji": "kyakkan", "meanings": [ "objective" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1226690, "examples": [ { "ja": "客観と主観を区別する。", "en": "Distinguish objectivity from subjectivity." }, { "ja": "客観的な資料に基づいて判断する。", "en": "Judge based on objective evidence." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c39a37ae349c4ef2e92065839c7bd0d8b905c75be840105976f0539d6454b4e6", "meanings": [ "客观" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "客観と主観を区別する。", "zh": "区分客观与主观。" }, { "ja": "客観的な資料に基づいて判断する。", "zh": "根据客观资料判断。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/003bb60074", "JMdict ent_seq 1226690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7e780f2c6706c35b604fd55e2461f30a9e6b7a26a40dcfd5236cac247f126976", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "28fa5ea61e", "word": "キャッチ", "reading": "キャッチ", "romaji": "kyatchi", "meanings": [ "catch" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1041530, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は左手でボールをキャッチした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{左手|ひだりて}でボールをキャッチした。", "en": "He caught the ball with his left hand.", "tatoeba_id": 107009 }, { "ja": "私はいまだに高く上げたバトンをうまくキャッチできない。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はいまだに{高|たか}く{上|あ}げたバトンをうまくキャッチできない。", "en": "I am still clumsy catching batons thrown high up.", "tatoeba_id": 75491 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6e22839650b6929688aa3bc6f0b5ba6364e7e09810dd613d7c03cda22b9137ec", "meanings": [ "接住", "捕捉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は左手でボールをキャッチした。", "zh": "他用左手接住了球。" }, { "ja": "私はいまだに高く上げたバトンをうまくキャッチできない。", "zh": "我至今仍不能熟练接住高高抛起的接力棒。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/28fa5ea61e", "JMdict ent_seq 1041530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "669bf7925365870ff52fbf8b3e11880d1b0ab6861cb4ac8faa326956b55175d6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "010d19262d", "word": "キャリア", "reading": "キャリア", "romaji": "kyaria", "meanings": [ "career", "career government employee" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1041980, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は長いキャリアを持つ。", "en": "She has a long career." }, { "ja": "海外でのキャリアを生かしたい。", "en": "I want to use my overseas professional experience." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d5277a069ddf592402a3531cef0aaa145ed2d7e19a90597af1a9988ca6445437", "meanings": [ "职业经历", "专业职位" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は長いキャリアを持つ。", "zh": "她有很长的职业经历。" }, { "ja": "海外でのキャリアを生かしたい。", "zh": "我想发挥海外职业经验。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/010d19262d", "JMdict ent_seq 1041980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0160e3e5980b108f77a93c9499de4eaf02fa0375cec082b99ea989ee4b56ea76", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "85e455a3f4", "word": "救援", "reading": "きゅうえん", "romaji": "kyuuen", "meanings": [ "relief", "rescue", "reinforcement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1229070, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは直ちに我々の救援にやってきた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{直|ただ}ちに{我々|われわれ}の{救援|きゅうえん}にやってきた。", "en": "They came presently to our rescue.", "tatoeba_id": 96530 }, { "ja": "赤十字は災害の被害者を直ちに救援する。", "furigana": "{赤十字|せきじゅうじ}は{災害|さいがい}の{被害者|ひがいしゃ}を{直|ただ}ちに{救援|きゅうえん}する。", "en": "The Red Cross gets help to disaster victims without delay.", "tatoeba_id": 142133 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5f99c094ff9f9fad7e6cfa320971f21fcabad25aa768b8821590c01a1822d099", "meanings": [ "救援", "援助" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは直ちに我々の救援にやってきた。", "zh": "他们立刻前来救援我们。" }, { "ja": "赤十字は災害の被害者を直ちに救援する。", "zh": "红十字会立即救助灾害受害者。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/85e455a3f4", "JMdict ent_seq 1229070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5cbdb1ffaa4603c3b39f8de978d7ac9be8672f5cbb4d9330a6c2c24095bc467c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9bfe4c732e", "word": "休学", "reading": "きゅうがく", "romaji": "kyuugaku", "meanings": [ "temporary absence from school", "suspension" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1227660, "examples": [ { "ja": "トムは休学にはならなかった。", "en": "Tom wasn't suspended from school.", "tatoeba_id": 9054962 }, { "ja": "病気のため一年間休学した。", "en": "I took a year off school because of illness." }, { "ja": "休学中に仕事を経験した。", "en": "I gained work experience during my leave from school." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d1b505124be251731b64022072f951ca6a874a434dc7aba9bddbf4cd98f42461", "meanings": [ "休学" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "トムは休学にはならなかった。", "zh": "汤姆没有休学。" }, { "ja": "病気のため一年間休学した。", "zh": "我因病休学一年。" }, { "ja": "休学中に仕事を経験した。", "zh": "我休学期间积累了工作经验。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9bfe4c732e", "JMdict ent_seq 1227660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "355b2a1de57bbf232500b3b2d3f05041f332fa300b071927d1762407734416c5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "dc6d837292", "word": "究極", "reading": "きゅうきょく", "romaji": "kyuukyoku", "meanings": [ "ultimate", "final", "eventual" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1230040, "examples": [ { "ja": "人類の究極的運命はどうなるであろうか。", "en": "What is man's ultimate destiny?", "tatoeba_id": 143920 }, { "ja": "教育の究極の目標とは何だろうか。", "en": "What is the ultimate purpose of education?", "tatoeba_id": 180350 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "32560b189e22e22a84a3ac6f1fcc36d3126af4d0da06a0aa1bf1cf32a9083423", "meanings": [ "最终", "终极" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人類の究極的運命はどうなるであろうか。", "zh": "人类最终的命运会怎样呢？" }, { "ja": "教育の究極の目標とは何だろうか。", "zh": "教育的最终目标是什么？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dc6d837292", "JMdict ent_seq 1230040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6755acb994b4457fe7f6f9c68f6e9b4f7f9ced5cd8d04684349e4cc1beb6b861", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "844fe531a0", "word": "窮屈", "reading": "きゅうくつ", "romaji": "kyuukutsu", "meanings": [ "narrow", "tight", "stiff", "rigid", "uneasy", "formal", "constrained" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1230080, "examples": [ { "ja": "列車のコンパートメントはすぐ窮屈になる。", "furigana": "{列車|れっしゃ}のコンパートメントはすぐ{窮屈|きゅうくつ}になる。", "en": "Train compartments soon get cramped.", "tatoeba_id": 77546 }, { "ja": "非の打ち所がない計画は、窮屈だなあ。", "furigana": "{非|ひ}の{打|う}ち{所|どころ}がない{計画|けいかく}は、{窮屈|きゅうくつ}だなあ。", "en": "A faultless plan is stifling, isn't it?", "tatoeba_id": 74196 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "68c83c2b8ad35489d25e6c286da87cf6ca269a8b0fae3d104e3aa284234f2341", "meanings": [ "狭窄", "拘束" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "列車のコンパートメントはすぐ窮屈になる。", "zh": "列车包厢很快就变得拥挤。" }, { "ja": "非の打ち所がない計画は、窮屈だなあ。", "zh": "毫无瑕疵的计划让人感到拘束啊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/844fe531a0", "JMdict ent_seq 1230080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "993efcd0c6a7f6ce058b5e4398f9b12b6011f3a54fd780d75655c840f214c190", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "既可指空间或衣服狭窄，也可指拘束、不自在。" } }, { "id": "007ce2885e", "word": "球根", "reading": "きゅうこん", "romaji": "kyuukon", "meanings": [ "(plant) bulb" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1229950, "examples": [ { "ja": "秋に球根を植えた。", "en": "I planted bulbs in autumn." }, { "ja": "チューリップの球根を買った。", "en": "I bought tulip bulbs." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "23ef2cbfa06baf4e05a8ed0e6365acc52781a34121832f9016f2711ae19f57bc", "meanings": [ "球根" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "秋に球根を植えた。", "zh": "我在秋天种了球根。" }, { "ja": "チューリップの球根を買った。", "zh": "我买了郁金香球根。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/007ce2885e", "JMdict ent_seq 1229950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "85104b93ab776b8c7d6a65050275aee4840a2f0dd87414d46c842c810a7cd213", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1474b01387", "word": "救済", "reading": "きゅうさい", "romaji": "kyuusai", "meanings": [ "relief", "aid", "rescue", "salvation", "help" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1229150, "examples": [ { "ja": "その老人は貧民救済に多額の金を寄付した。", "en": "The old man contributed a large sum of money to the poor.", "tatoeba_id": 206096 }, { "ja": "君はその救済事業の資金を集めなければならない。", "furigana": "{君|きみ}はその{救済|きゅうさい}{事業|じぎょう}の{資金|しきん}を{集|あつ}めなければならない。", "en": "You have to raise funds for the relief work.", "tatoeba_id": 177757 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5cfda32223c10df3b2ae2848727cbfc0f8062c9989d027e17ec8b95defe78d01", "meanings": [ "救济", "救助" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その老人は貧民救済に多額の金を寄付した。", "zh": "那位老人捐了一大笔钱救济穷人。" }, { "ja": "君はその救済事業の資金を集めなければならない。", "zh": "你必须为那项救济事业筹集资金。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1474b01387", "JMdict ent_seq 1229150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "acf5e98b3ae942ae88b172da248398e9d03ad7efcc23987694eaa15bb643a499", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "67f3849fbb", "word": "給仕", "reading": "きゅうじ", "romaji": "kyuuji", "meanings": [ "office boy (girl)", "page", "waiter" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1230240, "examples": [ { "ja": "きれいなウエイトレスが給仕してくれた。", "furigana": "きれいなウエイトレスが{給仕|きゅうじ}してくれた。", "en": "A pretty waitress waited on us.", "tatoeba_id": 225749 }, { "ja": "彼らは給仕が急いでくるのを見た。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{給仕|きゅうじ}が{急|いそ}いでくるのを{見|み}た。", "en": "They saw the waiter coming in a hurry.", "tatoeba_id": 97348 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "71aa42f7e249c15f4c92873b7745e11852b8863c841d292ad3d2c259a71a6107", "meanings": [ "侍应", "服务" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "きれいなウエイトレスが給仕してくれた。", "zh": "一位漂亮的服务员为我们上菜。" }, { "ja": "彼らは給仕が急いでくるのを見た。", "zh": "他们看到服务员匆忙走来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/67f3849fbb", "JMdict ent_seq 1230240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8093f73ef9e4794d438560fa28ffd0cd9409e4a7cf6f0504fa6e024f581931f6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "355f61bfeb", "word": "給食", "reading": "きゅうしょく", "romaji": "kyuushoku", "meanings": [ "school lunch", "providing a meal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1230250, "examples": [ { "ja": "給食はあるの？", "furigana": "{給食|きゅうしょく}はあるの？", "en": "Do you have lunch at school?", "tatoeba_id": 182360 }, { "ja": "彼は給食を食べに行くという趣旨のメモを残した。", "en": "He left a note to the effect that he was going out for lunch.", "tatoeba_id": 108440 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8122906e1a8887c26bb790e3d4e3250c4a07c0f6f65e19692c4f550feae1c6c9", "meanings": [ "供餐", "学校午餐" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "給食はあるの？", "zh": "有供餐吗？" }, { "ja": "彼は給食を食べに行くという趣旨のメモを残した。", "zh": "他留了一张便条，大意是去吃学校午餐。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/355f61bfeb", "JMdict ent_seq 1230250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f7c04b14f8aa51ee5452addeef35093fe4eb6cd5375f7873070a67d30438a91d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7752eb179f", "word": "休戦", "reading": "きゅうせん", "romaji": "kyuusen", "meanings": [ "truce", "armistice" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1227890, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは休戦条件で合意した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{休戦|きゅうせん}{条件|じょうけん}で{合意|ごうい}した。", "en": "They agreed on cease-fire terms.", "tatoeba_id": 97355 }, { "ja": "新任の大使は休戦を推し進めて、これ以上の殺りくを終わらせるでしょう。", "en": "The new ambassador will push for a cease-fire to stop the killing.", "tatoeba_id": 145201 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1dbe4b9a55cac29cf66cfa7f5d5f0fc979ceba75b2109a61300dd1e0c6131155", "meanings": [ "停战" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは休戦条件で合意した。", "zh": "他们就停战条件达成一致。" }, { "ja": "新任の大使は休戦を推し進めて、これ以上の殺りくを終わらせるでしょう。", "zh": "新任大使将推动停战，结束进一步的杀戮。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7752eb179f", "JMdict ent_seq 1227890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b2c41cc6d2f38810a3b2ce2c2fee7c15192a73b87ffe3ecf3484c72b028b0f11", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ce6fddde9b", "word": "旧知", "reading": "きゅうち", "romaji": "kyuuchi", "meanings": [ "old friend", "old friendship" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1231060, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は学生時代からの旧知だ。", "en": "He is an old acquaintance from my student days." }, { "ja": "旧知の友人に再会した。", "en": "I met an old acquaintance again." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2f517d1b3cbe02dae9f299fa2a3590140d8dc4aadafdc5442f4a5a44278f5e00", "meanings": [ "旧识", "老相识" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は学生時代からの旧知だ。", "zh": "他是学生时代的老相识。" }, { "ja": "旧知の友人に再会した。", "zh": "我与一位老相识重逢了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ce6fddde9b", "JMdict ent_seq 1231060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ec6611e87efe6de33435e858612fa1cf595c3b56a990a23fe31b77438ea3f064", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c9543e4954", "word": "宮殿", "reading": "きゅうでん", "romaji": "kyuuden", "meanings": [ "palace" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1228470, "examples": [ { "ja": "宮殿は物々しい警戒ぶりだった。", "furigana": "{宮殿|きゅうでん}は{物々|ものもの}しい{警戒|けいかい}ぶりだった。", "en": "The palace was heavily guarded.", "tatoeba_id": 76239 }, { "ja": "宮殿には国王と王妃が住んでいる。", "furigana": "{宮殿|きゅうでん}には{国王|こくおう}と{王妃|おうひ}が{住|す}んでいる。", "en": "In the palace live the king and the queen.", "tatoeba_id": 182612 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9ca1c19689530a1c2ad9a61cf70cf89b907f1c723c295544d517fdf4b7a91cea", "meanings": [ "宫殿" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "宮殿は物々しい警戒ぶりだった。", "zh": "宫殿戒备森严。" }, { "ja": "宮殿には国王と王妃が住んでいる。", "zh": "国王和王后住在宫殿里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c9543e4954", "JMdict ent_seq 1228470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "52dac560ccc254d142e26d76f992f482bdf00d42f2cf36bf00520d3b88eb089b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "24f332f9b9", "word": "窮乏", "reading": "きゅうぼう", "romaji": "kyuubou", "meanings": [ "poverty" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1230120, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はそんな窮乏の中でどうやって暮らしていたのか。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はそんな{窮乏|きゅうぼう}の{中|なか}でどうやって{暮|く}らしていたのか。", "en": "How did he make his living in such poverty?", "tatoeba_id": 112121 }, { "ja": "飢饉が人々にひどい窮乏をもたらした。", "furigana": "{飢饉|ききん}が{人々|ひとびと}にひどい{窮乏|きゅうぼう}をもたらした。", "en": "Famine caused great distress among the people.", "tatoeba_id": 182955 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a3ba7fe95cf59254bf792426e949c6d539319d2ce043f8fd729697f180e5f0a2", "meanings": [ "贫困", "困窘" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はそんな窮乏の中でどうやって暮らしていたのか。", "zh": "他在那样的困境中是怎么生活的？" }, { "ja": "飢饉が人々にひどい窮乏をもたらした。", "zh": "饥荒给人们带来了严重的贫困。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/24f332f9b9", "JMdict ent_seq 1230120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d27cba5cd45e1226cdd52044076afeb7eeac325bc4f3185d4e564f18034aedad", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "424e314e84", "word": "丘陵", "reading": "きゅうりょう", "romaji": "kyuuryou", "meanings": [ "hill" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1227320, "examples": [ { "ja": "飛行機から見ると、小さな丘陵は平地のように見える。", "furigana": "{飛行機|ひこうき}から{見|み}ると、{小|ちい}さな{丘陵|きゅうりょう}は{平地|へいち}のように{見|み}える。", "en": "Small hills look flat from an airplane.", "tatoeba_id": 85739 }, { "ja": "丘陵が町の南に広がる。", "en": "Hills stretch south of the town." }, { "ja": "丘陵の上から村が見えた。", "en": "The village was visible from the hills." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2ab4a98dab7c4aa090b73927ef6b0b5f0572e450a5c3c91764901eab3487432d", "meanings": [ "丘陵" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "飛行機から見ると、小さな丘陵は平地のように見える。", "zh": "从飞机上看，小丘陵像平地一样。" }, { "ja": "丘陵が町の南に広がる。", "zh": "丘陵在城镇南边绵延。" }, { "ja": "丘陵の上から村が見えた。", "zh": "从丘陵上可以看到村庄。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/424e314e84", "JMdict ent_seq 1227320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f92a28743a67e18e3f6c88eafec57e197388fee99ef37dd93fbe7122581997c1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f4518f31a9", "word": "寄与", "reading": "きよ", "romaji": "kiyo", "meanings": [ "contribution", "service" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1219810, "examples": [ { "ja": "軍縮は必ずや平和に寄与する。", "en": "Disarmament is sure to make for peace.", "tatoeba_id": 176674 }, { "ja": "それは社会に寄与するのだ。", "furigana": "それは{社会|しゃかい}に{寄与|きよ}するのだ。", "en": "That will contribute to society.", "tatoeba_id": 205093 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "67ec17283a332225fa930dd35c8820349774bf0fe8591fa51c58c7afd60dff13", "meanings": [ "贡献", "有助于" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "軍縮は必ずや平和に寄与する。", "zh": "裁军必然有助于和平。" }, { "ja": "それは社会に寄与するのだ。", "zh": "那对社会有贡献。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f4518f31a9", "JMdict ent_seq 1219810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "407aba8bbbb35a28328128d3a090286d73c0cf5afd362b83f01c3beb012d8703", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3f18aa382c", "word": "行", "reading": "ぎょう", "romaji": "gyou", "meanings": [ "line", "row", "verse" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1281690, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は１０行に１０個の間違いをした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は１０{行|ぎょう}に１０{個|こ}の{間違|まちが}いをした。", "en": "He made ten mistakes in as many lines.", "tatoeba_id": 115318 }, { "ja": "終わりから２行目からはじめよう。", "furigana": "{終|お}わりから２{行|ぎょう}{目|め}からはじめよう。", "en": "Let's begin at the last line but one.", "tatoeba_id": 148176 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f4dd9143348568f9b3490afde48d40725e73019c0d1319669f12979632916fb5", "meanings": [ "行" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は１０行に１０個の間違いをした。", "zh": "他十行里犯了十个错误。" }, { "ja": "終わりから２行目からはじめよう。", "zh": "从倒数第二行开始吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3f18aa382c", "JMdict ent_seq 1281690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bf3f499e71e38bcea3c0a0cc1ad8eca5cbb73fb8d444e25950fa49c08a093098", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "aa7cbec229", "word": "驚異", "reading": "きょうい", "romaji": "kyoui", "meanings": [ "wonder", "miracle" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1238700, "examples": [ { "ja": "その光景を見て私は驚異の念にうたれた。", "furigana": "その{光景|こうけい}を{見|み}て{私|わたし}は{驚異|きょうい}の{念|ねん}にうたれた。", "en": "The sight struck me with wonder.", "tatoeba_id": 210768 }, { "ja": "彼は驚異の念で一杯だった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{驚異|きょうい}の{念|ねん}で{一杯|いっぱい}だった。", "en": "He was filled with wonder.", "tatoeba_id": 108299 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2cff4bd7b22c9c75bbd25c0bb5862e4ed421c175747c4d42b0b88bc430b984ca", "meanings": [ "惊异", "奇迹" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その光景を見て私は驚異の念にうたれた。", "zh": "看到那个景象，我感到惊奇。" }, { "ja": "彼は驚異の念で一杯だった。", "zh": "他满怀惊奇。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aa7cbec229", "JMdict ent_seq 1238700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "916bc5fcbffbd93a4c5ca472921c8f3d25c81a7f48a20dc8cf826425529603c5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "aae84ff017", "word": "教員", "reading": "きょういん", "romaji": "kyouin", "meanings": [ "teaching staff" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1236980, "examples": [ { "ja": "お前は教員になる決心をしたのか。", "furigana": "お{前|まえ}は{教員|きょういん}になる{決心|けっしん}をしたのか。", "en": "Have you made up your mind to become a teacher?", "tatoeba_id": 226932 }, { "ja": "私は教員になったことを後悔している。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{教員|きょういん}になったことを{後悔|こうかい}している。", "en": "I regret becoming a teacher.", "tatoeba_id": 157606 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a6ab9fcd7fd6b5d551c615646e9887894523eecad42eb5f1250000c0e54ea354", "meanings": [ "教师" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "お前は教員になる決心をしたのか。", "zh": "你决定当老师了吗？" }, { "ja": "私は教員になったことを後悔している。", "zh": "我后悔当了老师。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aae84ff017", "JMdict ent_seq 1236980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9d639749d8070e9bda11532e08ed59d892df8993468d730f885b4346b930619e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4ed752603d", "word": "教科", "reading": "きょうか", "romaji": "kyouka", "meanings": [ "subject", "curriculum" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1237010, "examples": [ { "ja": "どの教科が一番好きですか。", "en": "Which subject do you like best?", "tatoeba_id": 200327 }, { "ja": "数学は私にはやさしい教科です。", "furigana": "{数学|すうがく}は{私|わたし}にはやさしい{教科|きょうか}です。", "en": "Mathematics is an easy subject for me.", "tatoeba_id": 143555 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "53144976c6774f65943108f581d38764b3d60556c248e2bea47a3a1ae3e569b6", "meanings": [ "科目", "课程" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "どの教科が一番好きですか。", "zh": "你最喜欢哪门科目？" }, { "ja": "数学は私にはやさしい教科です。", "zh": "数学对我来说是容易的科目。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4ed752603d", "JMdict ent_seq 1237010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c8ba3aa965cbd945b9cf9a4ce1363414ed8d4f69500160faf5e531106c2c4c46", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "555acd1644", "word": "協会", "reading": "きょうかい", "romaji": "kyoukai", "meanings": [ "association", "society", "organization" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1235550, "examples": [ { "ja": "協会は彼を会長にした。", "furigana": "{協会|きょうかい}は{彼|かれ}を{会長|かいちょう}にした。", "en": "The society made him president.", "tatoeba_id": 180578 }, { "ja": "協会は１９９０年に創立されました。", "furigana": "{協会|きょうかい}は１９９０{年|ねん}に{創立|そうりつ}されました。", "en": "The society was founded in 1990.", "tatoeba_id": 180580 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "57ddcc1055001b9db86ed43fc1c20a92fd2843e9a9f4dff5c53d5dc118c56ea1", "meanings": [ "协会" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "協会は彼を会長にした。", "zh": "协会选他为会长。" }, { "ja": "協会は１９９０年に創立されました。", "zh": "协会于1990年成立。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/555acd1644", "JMdict ent_seq 1235550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ddd79b5e76afb9136c3d00b5b1418f821c5823e6b1c3d52d7f2c0efa6eec471d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2fc064a101", "word": "共学", "reading": "きょうがく", "romaji": "kyougaku", "meanings": [ "coeducation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1234350, "examples": [ { "ja": "この学校は男女共学だ。", "en": "This school is coeducational." }, { "ja": "共学の学校に通っている。", "en": "I attend a coeducational school." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7ca7561bf2611c74669f2762bf662900ed77a14c821feefc873e1ff3b35e3fd1", "meanings": [ "男女同校" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この学校は男女共学だ。", "zh": "这所学校男女同校。" }, { "ja": "共学の学校に通っている。", "zh": "我在男女同校的学校上学。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2fc064a101", "JMdict ent_seq 1234350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "db1b12d1ccf70c44eefd1cddb13b17c875c1a6f04ee4211a1fd1ebf85f8c1797", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3e9b86c219", "word": "共感", "reading": "きょうかん", "romaji": "kyoukan", "meanings": [ "sympathy", "response" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1234370, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの考え方には共感できます。", "furigana": "あなたの{考|かんが}え{方|かた}には{共感|きょうかん}できます。", "en": "I really agree with what you're saying.", "tatoeba_id": 233297 }, { "ja": "自分が生きている世界との共感がなければ、作家であることは無益である。", "furigana": "{自分|じぶん}が{生|い}きている{世界|せかい}との{共感|きょうかん}がなければ、{作家|さっか}であることは{無益|むえき}である。", "en": "It is no use being a writer if one is not in sympathy with the world in which one is living.", "tatoeba_id": 149993 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8fbdfdca0a035d5866fe5d6b2842654f5ca58e40e27aa0f369ddfad34cac57dd", "meanings": [ "共鸣", "共情" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの考え方には共感できます。", "zh": "我能认同你的想法。" }, { "ja": "自分が生きている世界との共感がなければ、作家であることは無益である。", "zh": "如果不能与自己生活的世界产生共鸣，当作家就没有意义。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3e9b86c219", "JMdict ent_seq 1234370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "05ec520e593725ddf96b83f12c9dbb76bd17dcd38f58bb20cb2e1601bf20c31d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8aa1c32c13", "word": "協議", "reading": "きょうぎ", "romaji": "kyougi", "meanings": [ "conference", "consultation", "discussion", "negotiation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1235570, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはその問題を彼らと協議した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちはその{問題|もんだい}を{彼|かれ}らと{協議|きょうぎ}した。", "en": "We consulted them about the problem.", "tatoeba_id": 237364 }, { "ja": "彼はその問題について幹部の何人かと協議した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{問題|もんだい}について{幹部|かんぶ}の{何人|なんにん}かと{協議|きょうぎ}した。", "en": "He consulted with some of the staff on the matter.", "tatoeba_id": 112371 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "80d317017cb9b2b0692c46f78aaf1eee89ebe3920b9cc74fb22e5e1816738907", "meanings": [ "协商", "商议" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはその問題を彼らと協議した。", "zh": "我们和他们商议了那个问题。" }, { "ja": "彼はその問題について幹部の何人かと協議した。", "zh": "他就那个问题与几位干部商议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8aa1c32c13", "JMdict ent_seq 1235570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6c28b2b97d0bcfa2467207b7bf38e749f6f96929d9374a379ee3f77d4a4824bc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b8821eb7da", "word": "境遇", "reading": "きょうぐう", "romaji": "kyouguu", "meanings": [ "environment", "circumstances" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1236000, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は貧しい境遇で暮らしている。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{貧|まず}しい{境遇|きょうぐう}で{暮|く}らしている。", "en": "She lives in poor circumstances.", "tatoeba_id": 86997 }, { "ja": "私は今の境遇に甘んじてはいない。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{今|いま}の{境遇|きょうぐう}に{甘|あま}んじてはいない。", "en": "I am not satisfied with my present lot.", "tatoeba_id": 157071 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1af77ef00f7011a5b6e7914ed87e87f0c4ed01368615d92b9c0f1a2c6d8d5969", "meanings": [ "境遇", "处境" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は貧しい境遇で暮らしている。", "zh": "她生活在贫困的环境中。" }, { "ja": "私は今の境遇に甘んじてはいない。", "zh": "我并不甘于现在的处境。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b8821eb7da", "JMdict ent_seq 1236000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6683a94207615187f77824330a6fb49733f222fc0349a42e745ddfdc0f45ae8e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "68de5f83d6", "word": "教訓", "reading": "きょうくん", "romaji": "kyoukun", "meanings": [ "lesson", "precept", "moral instruction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1237080, "examples": [ { "ja": "実例は教訓にまさる。", "furigana": "{実例|じつれい}は{教訓|きょうくん}にまさる。", "en": "Example is better than precept.", "tatoeba_id": 149284 }, { "ja": "その教訓は覚えておく価値がある。", "furigana": "その{教訓|きょうくん}は{覚|おぼ}えておく{価値|かち}がある。", "en": "It is worthwhile remembering the moral.", "tatoeba_id": 236687 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "30765018b8926576fbd5026dd959cbe46ae01257a980972580ab8faa53bf8775", "meanings": [ "教训", "训诫" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "実例は教訓にまさる。", "zh": "实例胜过说教。" }, { "ja": "その教訓は覚えておく価値がある。", "zh": "那个教训值得记住。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/68de5f83d6", "JMdict ent_seq 1237080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ef597067ac5c19114715906648de26384d88385d614c5400fc8bdb0e2d81a18f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cfe443b2a2", "word": "強硬", "reading": "きょうこう", "romaji": "kyoukou", "meanings": [ "firm", "vigorous", "unbending", "unyielding", "strong", "stubborn" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1236250, "examples": [ { "ja": "大統領は強硬路線をとった。", "furigana": "{大統領|だいとうりょう}は{強硬|きょうこう}{路線|ろせん}をとった。", "en": "The President took a hard line.", "tatoeba_id": 137341 }, { "ja": "非行者に対して強硬な対策を講じるべきだ。", "en": "Strong measures should be taken against wrong doers.", "tatoeba_id": 85778 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a163e6e27999896775ef118c81a92630daa4063e17fe86b4eb8add0f6d977512", "meanings": [ "强硬" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大統領は強硬路線をとった。", "zh": "总统采取了强硬路线。" }, { "ja": "非行者に対して強硬な対策を講じるべきだ。", "zh": "应该对违法行为人采取强硬措施。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cfe443b2a2", "JMdict ent_seq 1236250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9fa70dd5aade149aebc48dceb662157f4b6578be610ec51ab1f44904d03414fb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "47dee1039f", "word": "強行", "reading": "きょうこう", "romaji": "kyoukou", "meanings": [ "forcing", "enforcement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1236270, "examples": [ { "ja": "反対を押し切って計画を強行した。", "en": "They pushed ahead with the plan despite opposition." }, { "ja": "採決の強行に抗議した。", "en": "They protested against forcing a vote." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9ae2cbcf213ee872bbdbc3535e9540468c2c9ed5ffa6057380168b59eaf49170", "meanings": [ "强行", "强制执行" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "反対を押し切って計画を強行した。", "zh": "他们不顾反对强行推进计划。" }, { "ja": "採決の強行に抗議した。", "zh": "他们抗议强行表决。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/47dee1039f", "JMdict ent_seq 1236270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d7301f2a113eecc0a6ad96a92d58a11ce0c0e37767d7dcf89c7cf0db95003d6c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2d26656cd1", "word": "教材", "reading": "きょうざい", "romaji": "kyouzai", "meanings": [ "teaching materials" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1237110, "examples": [ { "ja": "一口に英会話教材といっても、千差万別だ。", "en": "They all get lumped together as English texts. But in fact these books are extremely varied and wide-ranging.", "tatoeba_id": 190639 }, { "ja": "新しい教材を授業で使う。", "en": "Use new teaching materials in class." }, { "ja": "教材を準備して学生に配った。", "en": "I prepared teaching materials and distributed them to students." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "dcef76540966a66d2faeae19a50b9165a35f7fea6bed50d3d7def1083bb6d214", "meanings": [ "教材" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "一口に英会話教材といっても、千差万別だ。", "zh": "虽说都是英语会话教材，但种类千差万别。" }, { "ja": "新しい教材を授業で使う。", "zh": "在课堂上使用新教材。" }, { "ja": "教材を準備して学生に配った。", "zh": "我准备教材并分发给学生。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2d26656cd1", "JMdict ent_seq 1237110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "92e3ddba4b48db3df279ebd03c3f9dcd1cee3d0ca270511484deeb481a099283", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9569eb17f4", "word": "凶作", "reading": "きょうさく", "romaji": "kyousaku", "meanings": [ "bad harvest", "poor crop" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1235440, "examples": [ { "ja": "昨年は異常な冷夏で、稲作は１０年ぶりの凶作だった。", "en": "It was exceptionally cold last summer, and the rice crop was the worst in 10 years.", "tatoeba_id": 169787 }, { "ja": "米作は今年は凶作だ。", "furigana": "{米作|べいさく}は{今年|ことし}は{凶作|きょうさく}だ。", "en": "The rice crop is poor this year.", "tatoeba_id": 83483 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b9684e8e7806015a01a6c50817ae6de0bbbd6738fcf7595ea88d91297de774bb", "meanings": [ "歉收" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "昨年は異常な冷夏で、稲作は１０年ぶりの凶作だった。", "zh": "去年因异常凉爽的夏天，水稻出现十年来首次歉收。" }, { "ja": "米作は今年は凶作だ。", "zh": "今年稻米歉收。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9569eb17f4", "JMdict ent_seq 1235440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "26a456d0e1d7b1c43d8997c01999e62eb5b09ad4dff993d7e854e6bfa83c4927", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f2e6012f18", "word": "共産", "reading": "きょうさん", "romaji": "kyousan", "meanings": [ "communism" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1234430, "examples": [ { "ja": "共産主義の歴史を学ぶ。", "en": "Study the history of communism." }, { "ja": "その党は共産主義を掲げた。", "en": "The party espoused communism." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ea598671c77883ae8fdb7fe5c386feb3e8ead045db5e41b74798a00a42aab024", "meanings": [ "共产主义" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "共産主義の歴史を学ぶ。", "zh": "学习共产主义的历史。" }, { "ja": "その党は共産主義を掲げた。", "zh": "那个党奉行共产主义。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f2e6012f18", "JMdict ent_seq 1234430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "35164c144a6c554b4a675e270408aa5db49cbd98672291fdc552701dd497d707", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2284a3924c", "word": "業者", "reading": "ぎょうしゃ", "romaji": "gyousha", "meanings": [ "trader", "merchant" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1239440, "examples": [ { "ja": "あぶく銭を稼ごうとする開発業者たちよ。", "en": "They're some developers who aim to make a fast buck!", "tatoeba_id": 230397 }, { "ja": "業者が造花の花束を届けて飾っている。", "furigana": "{業者|ぎょうしゃ}が{造花|ぞうか}の{花束|はなたば}を{届|とど}けて{飾|かざ}っている。", "en": "A delivery man is dropping off an arrangement of artificial flowers.", "tatoeba_id": 180013 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3190be6863f91852985cf6bb747ec1f17b5eff5aa50487c59f735aad97405ec6", "meanings": [ "商家", "业者" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あぶく銭を稼ごうとする開発業者たちよ。", "zh": "那些想赚横财的开发商啊。" }, { "ja": "業者が造花の花束を届けて飾っている。", "zh": "商家送来人造花束并布置好了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2284a3924c", "JMdict ent_seq 1239440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0c2f2f5d4cc045622ee705efe19924603bf0ec7f99be8501f8785f5172b72e2a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5287564058", "word": "享受", "reading": "きょうじゅ", "romaji": "kyouju", "meanings": [ "reception", "acceptance", "enjoyment", "being given" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1233280, "examples": [ { "ja": "だれでも自由を享受する権利を持つ。まして人生を享受する権利はなおさらだ。", "furigana": "だれでも{自由|じゆう}を{享受|きょうじゅ}する{権利|けんり}を{持|も}つ。まして{人生|じんせい}を{享受|きょうじゅ}する{権利|けんり}はなおさらだ。", "en": "Everyone has a right to enjoy his liberty, and all the more, his life.", "tatoeba_id": 203160 }, { "ja": "資金の貸し手は高利益の時期を享受している。", "furigana": "{資金|しきん}の{貸|か}し{手|て}は{高利益|こうりえき}の{時期|じき}を{享受|きょうじゅ}している。", "en": "Money lenders are enjoying a profitable period.", "tatoeba_id": 151000 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e79e1eb79de02d4e2ab0e580ed0204bc7b1f5e9e6eaa8d1ce281fa845a63b8f6", "meanings": [ "享受" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "だれでも自由を享受する権利を持つ。まして人生を享受する権利はなおさらだ。", "zh": "每个人都有享受自由的权利，更何况享受人生的权利。" }, { "ja": "資金の貸し手は高利益の時期を享受している。", "zh": "资金出借人正在享受高收益时期。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5287564058", "JMdict ent_seq 1233280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e427dd880fd9c9c5ced095affc5a04814367e1544fd69e14892da26329f020a6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "307287bc5f", "word": "教習", "reading": "きょうしゅう", "romaji": "kyoushuu", "meanings": [ "training", "instruction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1237170, "examples": [ { "ja": "運転の教習を受ける。", "en": "Take driving lessons." }, { "ja": "教習所で技能を学んだ。", "en": "I learned practical skills at the training school." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9d7cf82277e2642dbcc6b398d9949c72fb145e2273b114811e07e0a70ea23f7c", "meanings": [ "教习", "训练" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "運転の教習を受ける。", "zh": "接受驾驶训练。" }, { "ja": "教習所で技能を学んだ。", "zh": "我在教习所学习了技能。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/307287bc5f", "JMdict ent_seq 1237170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a7b4e8cf5500046a85d455cbec2f7ac6257ec6980df888a59206544ef9e7170c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2c40858d7a", "word": "郷愁", "reading": "きょうしゅう", "romaji": "kyoushuu", "meanings": [ "nostalgia", "homesickness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1238500, "examples": [ { "ja": "管弦楽団は郷愁に満ちた音楽を演奏し始めた。", "furigana": "{管弦楽団|かんげんがくだん}は{郷愁|きょうしゅう}に{満|み}ちた{音楽|おんがく}を{演奏|えんそう}し{始|はじ}めた。", "en": "The orchestra struck up nostalgic music.", "tatoeba_id": 183843 }, { "ja": "郷愁にふける時、私達は子供時代をこの上なく幸福な時期と考える傾向があるかもしれない。", "en": "In nostalgic moments we may tend to think of childhood as a time of almost unbroken happiness.", "tatoeba_id": 180067 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "09b86394e0d5fb3aec8ffc1b7af9e46f76843493f369aceed2c578823e888a58", "meanings": [ "乡愁", "怀旧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "管弦楽団は郷愁に満ちた音楽を演奏し始めた。", "zh": "管弦乐团开始演奏充满乡愁的音乐。" }, { "ja": "郷愁にふける時、私達は子供時代をこの上なく幸福な時期と考える傾向があるかもしれない。", "zh": "沉浸于怀旧时，我们可能倾向于把童年看作最幸福的时期。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2c40858d7a", "JMdict ent_seq 1238500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "087810a11fe3de5d5f697d85327b28101e207f40f9f715702a03364d0bab6190", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "edb3e0745a", "word": "教職", "reading": "きょうしょく", "romaji": "kyoushoku", "meanings": [ "teaching certificate", "the teaching profession" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1237220, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は教職につくことを望んでいる。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{教職|きょうしょく}につくことを{望|のぞ}んでいる。", "en": "She wants to engage in teaching.", "tatoeba_id": 90452 }, { "ja": "彼は教職の経験が豊富だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{教職|きょうしょく}の{経験|けいけん}が{豊富|ほうふ}だ。", "en": "He has long experience in teaching.", "tatoeba_id": 108320 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5b7f72bbcbc2ad2941ea380b6fb2e3efc6c78e9d2a76abeea3d309b7e2e1bddd", "meanings": [ "教师职业" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は教職につくことを望んでいる。", "zh": "她希望从事教学工作。" }, { "ja": "彼は教職の経験が豊富だ。", "zh": "他有丰富的教学经验。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/edb3e0745a", "JMdict ent_seq 1237220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b9eaa295306397a8cc7eb6245235e9e704dd67ff1743b287e37a40217cfdc9e3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "28430d8ffb", "word": "興じる", "reading": "きょうじる", "romaji": "kyoujiru", "meanings": [ "to amuse oneself", "to make merry" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1238180, "examples": [ { "ja": "友人たちはゲームに興じた。", "en": "The friends amused themselves with a game." }, { "ja": "子どもたちは庭で遊びに興じている。", "en": "The children are enjoying play in the garden." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b7c98195d760fd603371b434e0dacf5225afb58c3b5f85899f5582a09e572cb6", "meanings": [ "尽情玩乐", "沉浸于" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "友人たちはゲームに興じた。", "zh": "朋友们尽情玩游戏。" }, { "ja": "子どもたちは庭で遊びに興じている。", "zh": "孩子们在院子里尽情玩耍。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/28430d8ffb", "JMdict ent_seq 1238180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1c2e689610db1566d4998923137dff335ed7aafa00b7aa27857bb217bfeede43", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "dad79e7a91", "word": "強制", "reading": "きょうせい", "romaji": "kyousei", "meanings": [ "obligation", "coercion", "compulsion", "enforcement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1236350, "examples": [ { "ja": "何も私にそれをあきらめるように強制することができない。", "furigana": "{何|なに}も{私|わたし}にそれをあきらめるように{強制|きょうせい}することができない。", "en": "Nothing can force me to give it up.", "tatoeba_id": 187669 }, { "ja": "我々は行動を強制されたり禁止されたりする。", "furigana": "{我々|われわれ}は{行動|こうどう}を{強制|きょうせい}されたり{禁止|きんし}されたりする。", "en": "We are constrained to and restrained from an action.", "tatoeba_id": 185853 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "925aa3441dd0faf1513742640ac80343f9d0a3a3bd0b958881928c4f7216295c", "meanings": [ "强制", "迫使" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "何も私にそれをあきらめるように強制することができない。", "zh": "没有什么能强迫我放弃那个。" }, { "ja": "我々は行動を強制されたり禁止されたりする。", "zh": "我们被强制或禁止采取行动。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dad79e7a91", "JMdict ent_seq 1236350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "59631dcfeecaea430b8c8c0b8e3c03dc7ea83492b3818786ae36ff3fcb46fc82", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c6048749d9", "word": "行政", "reading": "ぎょうせい", "romaji": "gyousei", "meanings": [ "administration" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1282010, "examples": [ { "ja": "その省は内政問題の行政をつかさどる。", "furigana": "その{省|しょう}は{内政|ないせい}{問題|もんだい}の{行政|ぎょうせい}をつかさどる。", "en": "The ministry administers the internal affairs.", "tatoeba_id": 209005 }, { "ja": "府県はフランスや日本の行政区域である。", "en": "Prefectures are governmental divisions of France and Japan.", "tatoeba_id": 84913 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a57aeae0fc7945a3cf631d882dc3ee96808072f7ea4af3a2f529a77467cb87c6", "meanings": [ "行政", "政府" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その省は内政問題の行政をつかさどる。", "zh": "那个部门负责内政事务的行政管理。" }, { "ja": "府県はフランスや日本の行政区域である。", "zh": "府县是法国和日本的行政区划。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c6048749d9", "JMdict ent_seq 1282010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cde2a3b494efa6b08a0456c6ccb0110b2a9557712205929a5d3749c06169c107", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "957a5df166", "word": "業績", "reading": "ぎょうせき", "romaji": "gyouseki", "meanings": [ "achievement", "performance", "results", "work", "contribution" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1239460, "examples": [ { "ja": "会社は昇進で彼の業績に報いた。", "furigana": "{会社|かいしゃ}は{昇進|しょうしん}で{彼|かれ}の{業績|ぎょうせき}に{報|むく}いた。", "en": "The company rewarded him with promotion.", "tatoeba_id": 185246 }, { "ja": "彼女は会社の業績を丹念に調べた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{会社|かいしゃ}の{業績|ぎょうせき}を{丹念|たんねん}に{調|しら}べた。", "en": "She investigated the company's output record carefully.", "tatoeba_id": 90776 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3dd7f92893c1bc8057432c50b0852cba46b874d75773995e93edff340cbdbbd3", "meanings": [ "业绩", "成果" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "会社は昇進で彼の業績に報いた。", "zh": "公司以晋升奖励了他的业绩。" }, { "ja": "彼女は会社の業績を丹念に調べた。", "zh": "她仔细调查了公司的业绩。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/957a5df166", "JMdict ent_seq 1239460; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "263a3b9046feef1e19763953e7a3c66fd94b8fa1d7e6ae18cf3c3e9c5a610244", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7706bb62ac", "word": "共存", "reading": "きょうぞん", "romaji": "kyouzon", "meanings": [ "coexistence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1578050, "other_readings": [ "きょうそん" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人と自然の共存を考える。", "en": "Consider coexistence between people and nature." }, { "ja": "異なる文化が共存している。", "en": "Different cultures coexist." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c1ff0426cefc6fc768b5767c0850acf15f4a89b7c3b90439f8e559fc2d2e445a", "meanings": [ "共存" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人と自然の共存を考える。", "zh": "思考人与自然的共存。" }, { "ja": "異なる文化が共存している。", "zh": "不同文化共存。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7706bb62ac", "JMdict ent_seq 1578050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "003c32cd71da2e93c32d38080e24b1a0ab4ca036887e63c09d7efb019efdf7df", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f773197117", "word": "協調", "reading": "きょうちょう", "romaji": "kyouchou", "meanings": [ "co-operation", "conciliation", "harmony", "firm (market) tone" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1235700, "examples": [ { "ja": "企業経営で活躍するために必要となるのが多くの仲間と仕事を遂行するための協調精神です。", "en": "What you need to take part in business management is the team spirit to work with many colleagues.", "tatoeba_id": 74311 }, { "ja": "互いに協調して問題を解決する。", "en": "Cooperate to solve the problem." }, { "ja": "両社は協調して事業を進める。", "en": "The two companies will coordinate their work." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "72d1335cdaee797e144d1e576bbfe46d21a3dd5772738e61459846118878b092", "meanings": [ "协调", "合作" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "企業経営で活躍するために必要となるのが多くの仲間と仕事を遂行するための協調精神です。", "zh": "要在企业经营中发挥作用，需要与许多伙伴共同完成工作的协作精神。" }, { "ja": "互いに協調して問題を解決する。", "zh": "互相协作解决问题。" }, { "ja": "両社は協調して事業を進める。", "zh": "两家公司协作推进业务。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f773197117", "JMdict ent_seq 1235700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1ff03064a4d5012b482f5b517b57ebedfe175d10f45939ffad797e922b710a44", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cc44c69a73", "word": "協定", "reading": "きょうてい", "romaji": "kyoutei", "meanings": [ "arrangement", "pact", "agreement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1235730, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は協定を破ることがよくある。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{協定|きょうてい}を{破|やぶ}ることがよくある。", "en": "He often offends against our agreement.", "tatoeba_id": 108396 }, { "ja": "我々の協定を破ったのは君のほうだ。", "en": "It's you who has broken our agreement.", "tatoeba_id": 186295 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a19c6d5bb491bd09820c8595d1c2de499b74a49dede6276781cdd78d889ac602", "meanings": [ "协议", "协定" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は協定を破ることがよくある。", "zh": "他经常违反协议。" }, { "ja": "我々の協定を破ったのは君のほうだ。", "zh": "违反我们协议的是你。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cc44c69a73", "JMdict ent_seq 1235730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "44c5caed6732a08c2a046de24cff7338fcb8fc6c49a4291d3a876d9cdfa52b41", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "40679c4e7e", "word": "脅迫", "reading": "きょうはく", "romaji": "kyouhaku", "meanings": [ "threat", "menace", "coercion", "terrorism" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1238110, "examples": [ { "ja": "脅迫のもとになされた約束は無効だ。", "furigana": "{脅迫|きょうはく}のもとになされた{約束|やくそく}は{無効|むこう}だ。", "en": "A promise given under a threat is worthless.", "tatoeba_id": 180083 }, { "ja": "この返答はほとんど脅迫に近い。", "furigana": "この{返答|へんとう}はほとんど{脅迫|きょうはく}に{近|ちか}い。", "en": "This answer almost amounts to a threat.", "tatoeba_id": 219858 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c71b7e5ca14f6e98eda87407bfa859811062709d13353a89cac1889d9ecfa9ee", "meanings": [ "威胁", "恐吓" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "脅迫のもとになされた約束は無効だ。", "zh": "在威胁下作出的承诺无效。" }, { "ja": "この返答はほとんど脅迫に近い。", "zh": "这个回答几乎接近威胁。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/40679c4e7e", "JMdict ent_seq 1238110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "db0a798129ebbb8b2b48037066a09111e2d7279ca64326b5e44e7eb504007a6f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6ac4e94627", "word": "業務", "reading": "ぎょうむ", "romaji": "gyoumu", "meanings": [ "business", "affairs", "duties", "work" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1239540, "examples": [ { "ja": "日曜日は郵便業務がありますか。", "furigana": "{日曜日|にちようび}は{郵便|ゆうびん}{業務|ぎょうむ}がありますか。", "en": "Is there postal service on Sunday?", "tatoeba_id": 122125 }, { "ja": "支配人が不在の時は彼女が業務を管理する。", "furigana": "{支配人|しはいにん}が{不在|ふざい}の{時|とき}は{彼女|かのじょ}が{業務|ぎょうむ}を{管理|かんり}する。", "en": "She handles the business when the manager is away.", "tatoeba_id": 168215 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6bc77662e7cc6b3e64d958e9e67a26bb280e61b29296da11eadc249de6d554ae", "meanings": [ "业务", "工作" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "日曜日は郵便業務がありますか。", "zh": "星期天有邮政业务吗？" }, { "ja": "支配人が不在の時は彼女が業務を管理する。", "zh": "经理不在时，她管理业务。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6ac4e94627", "JMdict ent_seq 1239540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1114c2b9d5aa36e6d6871f96b40ebfbefc7646fc770ba4c71fb6f419da25cf06", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bb9d56bf5e", "word": "共鳴", "reading": "きょうめい", "romaji": "kyoumei", "meanings": [ "resonance", "sympathy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1235190, "examples": [ { "ja": "我々は共鳴する点がおおい。", "furigana": "{我々|われわれ}は{共鳴|きょうめい}する{点|てん}がおおい。", "en": "We have a lot of sympathies in common.", "tatoeba_id": 185912 }, { "ja": "私は彼女の意見に共鳴した。", "en": "I appreciated her sentiments.", "tatoeba_id": 153303 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4a248fbc05b3275bc5399464fa46ceed72a66b377dad4d538d966d73d9b47721", "meanings": [ "共鸣" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "我々は共鳴する点がおおい。", "zh": "我们有很多共鸣之处。" }, { "ja": "私は彼女の意見に共鳴した。", "zh": "我赞同她的意见。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bb9d56bf5e", "JMdict ent_seq 1235190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "32e8ed4169cb33f3cb1f4ab53969b705e480b027bb065e95238397dab5ae197a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "可指物理共振，也可比喻观点或感情产生共鸣。" } }, { "id": "f5a08cfe03", "word": "郷里", "reading": "きょうり", "romaji": "kyouri", "meanings": [ "birth-place", "home town" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1238540, "examples": [ { "ja": "私の郷里の町は海に接している。", "en": "My home town is adjacent to the ocean.", "tatoeba_id": 163849 }, { "ja": "彼は郷里の両親によく電話しますか。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{郷里|きょうり}の{両親|りょうしん}によく{電話|でんわ}しますか。", "en": "Does he often call his parents at home?", "tatoeba_id": 108306 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ea41368abbc7005bebbec36b068385bf078ea25de30c61e2ac839e9c2e9c0e5f", "meanings": [ "故乡" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私の郷里の町は海に接している。", "zh": "我的故乡小镇靠海。" }, { "ja": "彼は郷里の両親によく電話しますか。", "zh": "他经常给故乡的父母打电话吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f5a08cfe03", "JMdict ent_seq 1238540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f39d57cdfdafa103f8a19d8f92445b326b125331cdb981e258d529d3579a8b46", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f76e437e26", "word": "強烈", "reading": "きょうれつ", "romaji": "kyouretsu", "meanings": [ "strong", "intense", "severe" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1236620, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の返報は鼻への強烈なパンチだった。", "en": "His answer was a hard punch on the nose.", "tatoeba_id": 116175 }, { "ja": "その薬の効果は強烈だが短い。", "furigana": "その{薬|くすり}の{効果|こうか}は{強烈|きょうれつ}だが{短|みじか}い。", "en": "The effects of the drug are intense but brief.", "tatoeba_id": 206313 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b25d5b9ef6f14a7b23ecb77352655b148a8329b24220c24e15d5fd3cb0997893", "meanings": [ "强烈", "猛烈" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の返報は鼻への強烈なパンチだった。", "zh": "他的回击是朝鼻子狠狠打了一拳。" }, { "ja": "その薬の効果は強烈だが短い。", "zh": "那药效果强烈，但持续时间短。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f76e437e26", "JMdict ent_seq 1236620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "30df97fb305f09d9264a41bc8e1dfdaffffe1b8c45a933643e3bfdaf641ef804", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "40d2a7c07d", "word": "共和", "reading": "きょうわ", "romaji": "kyouwa", "meanings": [ "republicanism", "cooperation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1630190, "examples": [ { "ja": "共和制について学ぶ。", "en": "Study the republican system." }, { "ja": "共和の理念を論じた。", "en": "They discussed republican ideals." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "44d87204d11837a83d7a939d5cd9b9cd6145b812c82905951eac588dca795469", "meanings": [ "共和" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "共和制について学ぶ。", "zh": "学习共和制度。" }, { "ja": "共和の理念を論じた。", "zh": "他们讨论了共和理念。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/40d2a7c07d", "JMdict ent_seq 1630190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f23b1d6c68d672b67aeff478546b7663e217ea3866b302243102ce996443e95b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cd2faccb83", "word": "曲", "reading": "きょく", "romaji": "kyoku", "meanings": [ "tune", "piece of music" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1239700, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのピアニストはアンコールに応えて２曲弾いた。", "en": "The pianist played two encores.", "tatoeba_id": 212708 }, { "ja": "私たちはその曲にあわせて踊った。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちはその{曲|きょく}にあわせて{踊|おど}った。", "en": "We danced to the music.", "tatoeba_id": 166422 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2a4238b06140dbdfb9ac63cb62fc10daed897688ebb5b40fcfce4c2c27a98fe8", "meanings": [ "曲子" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのピアニストはアンコールに応えて２曲弾いた。", "zh": "钢琴家应观众要求返场演奏了两首曲子。" }, { "ja": "私たちはその曲にあわせて踊った。", "zh": "我们随着那首曲子跳舞。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cd2faccb83", "JMdict ent_seq 1239700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "10d4626e9ba9d6f2aa6256b7a78c74ab1463b559d3360bfb2e8e87b49fcbaaf7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bce14973f2", "word": "玉", "reading": "ぎょく", "romaji": "gyoku", "meanings": [ "king (shogi)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1921990, "examples": [ { "ja": "王手をかけられたほうは、玉を逃げるなどの方法で王手を防がねばなりません。", "furigana": "{王手|おうて}をかけられたほうは、{玉|ぎょく}を{逃|に}げるなどの{方法|ほうほう}で{王手|おうて}を{防|ふせ}がねばなりません。", "en": "The checked player must find a way for the king to escape and block the check.", "tatoeba_id": 74314 }, { "ja": "玉を守って対局を続けた。", "en": "He protected the king piece and continued the game." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1f8f1bc567ec63625296f6c731c2a68b6e296196f4a705c8d5bfee8619c8f378", "meanings": [ "玉将", "玉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "王手をかけられたほうは、玉を逃げるなどの方法で王手を防がねばなりません。", "zh": "被将军的一方必须通过移动玉将等方式化解将军。" }, { "ja": "玉を守って対局を続けた。", "zh": "他保护玉将，继续对局。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bce14973f2", "JMdict ent_seq 1921990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cb84da5c28a41301c7ee7471b85f1661fe3effb75220d93058e8cded82daf243", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "155a94d80b", "word": "局限", "reading": "きょくげん", "romaji": "kyokugen", "meanings": [ "limit", "localize" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1239600, "examples": [ { "ja": "影響を一部の地域に局限する。", "en": "Limit the impact to part of the region." }, { "ja": "議論をこの問題に局限した。", "en": "The discussion was limited to this issue." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b7dabd6ef40dec62bf47d10902e05606e34aff9a2e56592fd48db2a512071f7b", "meanings": [ "局限", "限制" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "影響を一部の地域に局限する。", "zh": "将影响局限在部分地区。" }, { "ja": "議論をこの問題に局限した。", "zh": "讨论局限在这个问题上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/155a94d80b", "JMdict ent_seq 1239600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "467b169bac403c163cceb7bb99c262bc1907d5586cf92ec040ca3ad1fecf8bb4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5f5902801b", "word": "極端", "reading": "きょくたん", "romaji": "kyokutan", "meanings": [ "extreme", "extremity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1240380, "examples": [ { "ja": "君の言うことは極端じゃないか。", "en": "Aren't you pushing it too far?", "tatoeba_id": 178376 }, { "ja": "それはちょっと極端じゃないですか。", "furigana": "それはちょっと{極端|きょくたん}じゃないですか。", "en": "You're carrying this too far.", "tatoeba_id": 205459 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2961d5dd27d5c8cb95abfd3606c5c9954705895fceeaf41527719c70f25d3f64", "meanings": [ "极端" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "君の言うことは極端じゃないか。", "zh": "你说的不是太极端了吗？" }, { "ja": "それはちょっと極端じゃないですか。", "zh": "那不是有点极端吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5f5902801b", "JMdict ent_seq 1240380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "31a225455ac733e51bbd3e7c08e543acb610f1c14228129d76fb9a6dd85a6636", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "49ed2b2eec", "word": "居住", "reading": "きょじゅう", "romaji": "kyojuu", "meanings": [ "residence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1231810, "examples": [ { "ja": "「居住外国人」とは、どういう意味ですか。", "furigana": "「{居住|きょじゅう}{外国人|がいこくじん}」とは、どういう{意味|いみ}ですか。", "en": "What does \"resident alien\" mean?", "tatoeba_id": 236326 }, { "ja": "市内に居住している。", "en": "I reside in the city." }, { "ja": "居住地を届け出る。", "en": "Report your place of residence." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "004788749eaecfddc5f9684a1d89140563ca9f7590fb2d8fd9a38a6e33ddb017", "meanings": [ "居住" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "「居住外国人」とは、どういう意味ですか。", "zh": "“居住外国人”是什么意思？" }, { "ja": "市内に居住している。", "zh": "我居住在市内。" }, { "ja": "居住地を届け出る。", "zh": "申报居住地。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/49ed2b2eec", "JMdict ent_seq 1231810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f6aebab3e7bf4d992eb61ae54dc9e9f2ea3ef0c327f0e6b63e1fe1bd5ae3db92", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ec9c5c966c", "word": "拒絶", "reading": "きょぜつ", "romaji": "kyozetsu", "meanings": [ "refusal", "rejection" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1232390, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の返答は拒絶も同然だ。", "en": "His answer amounts to a refusal.", "tatoeba_id": 116176 }, { "ja": "私たちの昇給の要求は拒絶された。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちの{昇給|しょうきゅう}の{要求|ようきゅう}は{拒絶|きょぜつ}された。", "en": "Our request for a pay rise was turned down.", "tatoeba_id": 166938 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ecaf864b0b68c83178f322a7807c6a425546d7ff2fbd9ba320abc4123dcb0205", "meanings": [ "拒绝" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の返答は拒絶も同然だ。", "zh": "他的答复等于拒绝。" }, { "ja": "私たちの昇給の要求は拒絶された。", "zh": "我们的加薪要求被拒绝了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ec9c5c966c", "JMdict ent_seq 1232390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3f64de869d84595feee905c34410c9d0972982cee8908eb0f95571f471701386", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "47507ec0a9", "word": "漁船", "reading": "ぎょせん", "romaji": "gyosen", "meanings": [ "fishing boat" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1233050, "examples": [ { "ja": "海岸から約１マイル沖に漁船が見えた。", "furigana": "{海岸|かいがん}から{約|やく}１マイル{沖|おき}に{漁船|ぎょせん}が{見|み}えた。", "en": "I saw a fishing boat about a mile off the shore.", "tatoeba_id": 185050 }, { "ja": "水平線に漁船がいくつか見えます。", "furigana": "{水平線|すいへいせん}に{漁船|ぎょせん}がいくつか{見|み}えます。", "en": "I see some fishing boats on the horizon.", "tatoeba_id": 143629 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f6d8c692cc657d6e0c83a03609c1877d12a7d3ab2eeb90fe506f840402304689", "meanings": [ "渔船" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "海岸から約１マイル沖に漁船が見えた。", "zh": "在离海岸约一英里的海面上看到了渔船。" }, { "ja": "水平線に漁船がいくつか見えます。", "zh": "地平线上可以看到几艘渔船。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/47507ec0a9", "JMdict ent_seq 1233050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ae7b277d5a323286e3e76385d1bf277c27b67cd3f6eb0552f6f62ee9c6b671a1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1c0fc99847", "word": "漁村", "reading": "ぎょそん", "romaji": "gyoson", "meanings": [ "fishing village" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1233060, "examples": [ { "ja": "トムは小さな漁村に住んでいた。", "en": "Tom lived in a small fishing village.", "tatoeba_id": 2983002 }, { "ja": "海辺の漁村を訪ねた。", "en": "I visited a fishing village by the sea." }, { "ja": "漁村では朝早く船が出る。", "en": "Boats leave early in the morning in the fishing village." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c73858532c5630a4bf650a12604d70ca1c7487541c5e73ca0af189976fe32e6b", "meanings": [ "渔村" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "トムは小さな漁村に住んでいた。", "zh": "汤姆住在一个小渔村里。" }, { "ja": "海辺の漁村を訪ねた。", "zh": "我拜访了海边的渔村。" }, { "ja": "漁村では朝早く船が出る。", "zh": "渔村里船只一早出海。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1c0fc99847", "JMdict ent_seq 1233060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ad72c368f3cb992d62d022a4cd1a6495ae305d51464436fbac24c7eea1b353ee", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "521d19d407", "word": "拒否", "reading": "きょひ", "romaji": "kyohi", "meanings": [ "denial", "veto", "rejection", "refusal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1232410, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はその質問に答えることを拒否する。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はその{質問|しつもん}に{答|こた}えることを{拒否|きょひ}する。", "en": "I refuse to answer the question.", "tatoeba_id": 237019 }, { "ja": "婚約しているのにキスを拒否された。", "furigana": "{婚約|こんやく}しているのにキスを{拒否|きょひ}された。", "en": "Even though we're engaged, she wouldn't let me kiss her.", "tatoeba_id": 76133 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9cea7f1186eb7c6e97bc7e1d71f3e668c7f29b979a69d564af8b54e4ce311a1e", "meanings": [ "拒绝" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はその質問に答えることを拒否する。", "zh": "我拒绝回答那个问题。" }, { "ja": "婚約しているのにキスを拒否された。", "zh": "虽然已经订婚，亲吻却被拒绝了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/521d19d407", "JMdict ent_seq 1232410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b714580c3fd912d86acf25d2b5f35c04f1466337b9aacf653731b83c7a829ce1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "90e522f730", "word": "許容", "reading": "きょよう", "romaji": "kyoyou", "meanings": [ "permission", "pardon" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1232910, "examples": [ { "ja": "すべての職業が女性に開かれるべきだ、というのは今や完全に許容されている考え。", "en": "It is now a fully accepted idea that all occupations should be open to women.", "tatoeba_id": 214453 }, { "ja": "その誤差は許容できる。", "en": "The error is acceptable." }, { "ja": "許容範囲を超えている。", "en": "It exceeds the acceptable range." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "04684b53c1487742386b9013b06243bbc2fa1babc5aedf9cd8c8dea73017a3da", "meanings": [ "容许", "接受" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "すべての職業が女性に開かれるべきだ、というのは今や完全に許容されている考え。", "zh": "所有职业都应该向女性开放，如今已是广泛接受的观点。" }, { "ja": "その誤差は許容できる。", "zh": "那个误差可以接受。" }, { "ja": "許容範囲を超えている。", "zh": "超出了可容许的范围。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/90e522f730", "JMdict ent_seq 1232910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e1f79ff9d75596c1fa716905a7076a0c368fdc77f67ec5dc93c313fab289b7dd", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "972ca66946", "word": "清らか", "reading": "きよらか", "romaji": "kiyoraka", "meanings": [ "clean", "pure", "chaste" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1378180, "examples": [ { "ja": "清らかな水が流れている。", "en": "Clear water is flowing." }, { "ja": "清らかな心を大切にする。", "en": "Value a pure heart." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fe868183a54adef2ffc02ad52595768cc7acc33e00db690d11268ad3567d36f3", "meanings": [ "清澈", "纯洁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "清らかな水が流れている。", "zh": "清澈的水在流淌。" }, { "ja": "清らかな心を大切にする。", "zh": "珍视纯洁的心。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/972ca66946", "JMdict ent_seq 1378180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b35ecbfd3596ce85befae28980d7ed3494da48eaefed8b0d5f5168bc788798c1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5523e28c32", "word": "距離", "reading": "きょり", "romaji": "kyori", "meanings": [ "distance", "range" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1232920, "examples": [ { "ja": "４マイルはかなりの距離だ。", "furigana": "４マイルはかなりの{距離|きょり}だ。", "en": "Four miles is a good distance.", "tatoeba_id": 235233 }, { "ja": "ここから歩いて２時間もの距離だ。", "furigana": "ここから{歩|ある}いて２{時間|じかん}もの{距離|きょり}だ。", "en": "It is no less than two hours' walk from here.", "tatoeba_id": 224729 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1e78a14d866e1ee808276d078a15eb64653169b9e8940958c5e8451fc12ce102", "meanings": [ "距离" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "４マイルはかなりの距離だ。", "zh": "四英里是一段不短的距离。" }, { "ja": "ここから歩いて２時間もの距離だ。", "zh": "从这里步行需要两个小时那么远。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5523e28c32", "JMdict ent_seq 1232920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "205f56b27a41575b50b5d3592b429004f06b3b49d148cd5b49543e8594e5e49c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5fda236b3d", "word": "気楽", "reading": "きらく", "romaji": "kiraku", "meanings": [ "at ease", "comfortable" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1222010, "examples": [ { "ja": "ほんの気楽なパーティーだった。", "en": "It was only an informal party.", "tatoeba_id": 195871 }, { "ja": "彼女は今は気楽に暮らしている。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{今|いま}は{気楽|きらく}に{暮|く}らしている。", "en": "She lives in comfort now.", "tatoeba_id": 90033 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "55232ab39117e7791cc56f773453a5afd08f6da043792d4863a91a433317d553", "meanings": [ "轻松", "舒适" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ほんの気楽なパーティーだった。", "zh": "那只是个轻松的聚会。" }, { "ja": "彼女は今は気楽に暮らしている。", "zh": "她现在过得很轻松。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5fda236b3d", "JMdict ent_seq 1222010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a92e65be6d7543da52d76e1248c0458f6d13c13fe565bbeb4a04e9bde32ef9c6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "表示心理轻松自在；与気軽的随意、不拘束含义接近。" } }, { "id": "0500973033", "word": "煌びやか", "reading": "きらびやか", "romaji": "kirabiyaka", "meanings": [ "gorgeous", "gaudy", "dazzling", "gay" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1570480, "examples": [ { "ja": "きらびやかでいて重厚な宮殿を前に言葉も出ない。", "en": "I'm speechless before such a beautiful and stately palace.", "tatoeba_id": 11001555 }, { "ja": "思い出のつまったお店がきらびやかにリニューアルしてうれしいような悲しいような。", "en": "I have mixed feelings about the sumptuous renovations at the store where I have so many memories.", "tatoeba_id": 11016108 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9445d601440a1d458460346484c1078439decceeaefa800fb989907fe7410ca3", "meanings": [ "华丽", "耀眼" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "きらびやかでいて重厚な宮殿を前に言葉も出ない。", "zh": "面对华丽而庄重的宫殿，我说不出话来。" }, { "ja": "思い出のつまったお店がきらびやかにリニューアルしてうれしいような悲しいような。", "zh": "充满回忆的店铺重新装修得如此华丽，让我又高兴又难过。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0500973033", "JMdict ent_seq 1570480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c7eddd53a7e6ed9f4c997ed4dd3004cec1fa2f2577a15a3345935204a20c9ba8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4b0b74219f", "word": "桐", "reading": "きり", "romaji": "kiri", "meanings": [ "paulownia tree" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1240710, "examples": [ { "ja": "庭に桐を植えた。", "en": "I planted a paulownia tree in the garden." }, { "ja": "桐の木で箱を作る。", "en": "Make a box from paulownia wood." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2d71dbdbe43d8193db53f6eb0c06083b81a7b47e5df6a677c4a1fbb7dc41b978", "meanings": [ "泡桐" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "庭に桐を植えた。", "zh": "我在院子里种了泡桐。" }, { "ja": "桐の木で箱を作る。", "zh": "用泡桐木制作箱子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4b0b74219f", "JMdict ent_seq 1240710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "11875f0f4223527e57b37bd2920deb0c807ed3e7aa8ca23835437d7457644b35", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a8ba7d61d2", "word": "切り", "reading": "きり", "romaji": "kiri", "meanings": [ "limits", "end", "bounds", "period", "place to leave off", "closing sentence", "all there is", "only", "since" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1383800, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は３８歳なのに両親に頼りきりです。", "en": "Though 38, he is still dependent on his parents.", "tatoeba_id": 115141 }, { "ja": "彼はそこに行ったきり２度と帰ってこなかった。", "en": "He went there, never to return.", "tatoeba_id": 113238 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6986a96f6a7fa96feec26fb4b985950d1613170d2282487982edf72f05fb5fc3", "meanings": [ "完毕", "自从", "一直" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は３８歳なのに両親に頼りきりです。", "zh": "他虽然三十八岁了，还一直依赖父母。" }, { "ja": "彼はそこに行ったきり２度と帰ってこなかった。", "zh": "他去了那里之后就再也没有回来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a8ba7d61d2", "JMdict ent_seq 1383800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "notes": "接た形可表示自前项发生以后一直如此；接动词ます形去ます可表示持续或完全做到。", "review_hash": "59f9d99ec8a6a8c513e2c08400167978aeea1142ae117a57510083687f6c17e7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a7495d2ed6", "word": "義理", "reading": "ぎり", "romaji": "giri", "meanings": [ "duty", "sense of duty", "honor", "decency", "courtesy", "debt of gratitude", "social obligation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1225920, "examples": [ { "ja": "義理だけの拍手をもらう。", "furigana": "{義理|ぎり}だけの{拍手|はくしゅ}をもらう。", "en": "It was just polite applause.", "tatoeba_id": 182907 }, { "ja": "私は彼に義理を立てなければならない。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{彼|かれ}に{義理|ぎり}を{立|た}てなければならない。", "en": "I have to do right by him.", "tatoeba_id": 154177 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "70a1e509d29b0a68779513316b904701530ed7e93c37ccef96cb249e4bdb1dc6", "meanings": [ "情义", "义务" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "義理だけの拍手をもらう。", "zh": "得到了礼节性的掌声。" }, { "ja": "私は彼に義理を立てなければならない。", "zh": "我必须对他尽到情义。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a7495d2ed6", "JMdict ent_seq 1225920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "72919aa46f54fd9d65a682918ce1b7592fd7575e674ed9872c497607e6e5b1b4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "424c018f3e", "word": "切り替える", "reading": "きりかえる", "romaji": "kirikaeru", "meanings": [ "to change", "to exchange", "to convert", "to renew", "to throw a switch", "to replace", "to switch over" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1591780, "examples": [ { "ja": "気持ちを切り替えて仕事を始める。", "en": "Reset my mindset and start work." }, { "ja": "画面を切り替える。", "en": "Switch screens." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f7e9390369f60476d13900470d30a315aa44dee2cb9483a6d50b0730fa2dc125", "meanings": [ "切换", "转换" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "気持ちを切り替えて仕事を始める。", "zh": "调整心情开始工作。" }, { "ja": "画面を切り替える。", "zh": "切换画面。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/424c018f3e", "JMdict ent_seq 1591780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9e8ce5e3cc731009e5cd8a3892bc15048fba4eb92077099e24083a9b89cfcb35", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bc1f0acc20", "word": "気流", "reading": "きりゅう", "romaji": "kiryuu", "meanings": [ "atmospheric current" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1222680, "examples": [ { "ja": "ただ今気流の関係で揺れております。", "en": "We are currently experiencing some turbulence.", "tatoeba_id": 203616 }, { "ja": "気流が乱れて飛行機が揺れた。", "en": "The plane shook because of turbulent airflow." }, { "ja": "上昇気流に乗って鳥が飛ぶ。", "en": "Birds fly on an updraft." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0b674e6e0f57fbeb4b3c0a187323e5d0f0ec064ef3be6b4cd7a21d1f5a1598e0", "meanings": [ "气流" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ただ今気流の関係で揺れております。", "zh": "目前由于气流原因，飞机正在颠簸。" }, { "ja": "気流が乱れて飛行機が揺れた。", "zh": "气流不稳，飞机颠簸了。" }, { "ja": "上昇気流に乗って鳥が飛ぶ。", "zh": "鸟儿乘上升气流飞翔。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bc1f0acc20", "JMdict ent_seq 1222680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6bfb35983b8e9ff94254c53c6671d8544bd32eff92f77acae0386aa5e81268d6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ba660e4e5a", "word": "切れ目", "reading": "きれめ", "romaji": "kireme", "meanings": [ "break", "pause", "gap", "end", "rift", "interruption", "cut", "section", "notch", "incision", "end (of a task)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1591930, "examples": [ { "ja": "金の切れ目が縁の切れ目。", "furigana": "{金|かね}の{切|き}れ{目|め}が{縁|えん}の{切|き}れ{目|め}。", "en": "The end of money is the end of love.", "tatoeba_id": 179747 }, { "ja": "雲の切れ目から光が差した。", "en": "Light shone through a break in the clouds." }, { "ja": "仕事の切れ目に休む。", "en": "Rest at a break in the work." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f58b4a683966b49ef636b7d32d74d084f20787e62e7a9ed9e0bcc3b5c3b569ee", "meanings": [ "间断", "接缝" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "金の切れ目が縁の切れ目。", "zh": "钱尽缘断。" }, { "ja": "雲の切れ目から光が差した。", "zh": "光从云缝中照了下来。" }, { "ja": "仕事の切れ目に休む。", "zh": "在工作间隙休息。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ba660e4e5a", "JMdict ent_seq 1591930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "691189d452bb07ff2247c228c854d30d4e41befbe217c99c6060ad4feec2ce66", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "aed9fbb1c2", "word": "際", "reading": "きわ", "romaji": "kiwa", "meanings": [ "edge", "brink", "verge", "side" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1296290, "examples": [ { "ja": "窓の際に机を置いた。", "en": "I placed a desk by the window." }, { "ja": "崖の際に近づかないでください。", "en": "Please do not approach the edge of the cliff." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0068d0743961361cb5aa3db22061516d3903f8ee9d7577db8856e4e97948c72b", "meanings": [ "边缘", "旁边" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "窓の際に机を置いた。", "zh": "我把桌子放在窗边。" }, { "ja": "崖の際に近づかないでください。", "zh": "请不要靠近悬崖边。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aed9fbb1c2", "JMdict ent_seq 1296290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "42409cb68f12b902d50a1aa63ce336c39b61263017f62c6f193595e92e841951", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "effe5c2acb", "word": "疑惑", "reading": "ぎわく", "romaji": "giwaku", "meanings": [ "doubt", "misgivings", "distrust", "suspicion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1225680, "examples": [ { "ja": "この種の事件はよく疑惑を生む。", "en": "Events of that type generally arouse suspicion.", "tatoeba_id": 221282 }, { "ja": "善を悪に変えるのは、「疑惑」である。", "furigana": "{善|ぜん}を{悪|あく}に{変|か}えるのは、「{疑惑|ぎわく}」である。", "en": "It is \"doubt\" that turns good into bad.", "tatoeba_id": 140923 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5ea7185208b6b4033abd596d2a3020bf3d63970b67c520ea94e950fb6ae2ed4d", "meanings": [ "疑惑", "怀疑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この種の事件はよく疑惑を生む。", "zh": "这类事件常常引起疑虑。" }, { "ja": "善を悪に変えるのは、「疑惑」である。", "zh": "把善变成恶的，是“怀疑”。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/effe5c2acb", "JMdict ent_seq 1225680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9f3e947a4a2e9ba304e37468f145405e02a96fa60e452808bd906bb981114704", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "746e5a2a80", "word": "極めて", "reading": "きわめて", "romaji": "kiwamete", "meanings": [ "exceedingly", "extremely" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1240200, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は行儀が極めて上品である。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{行儀|ぎょうぎ}が{極|きわ}めて{上品|じょうひん}である。", "en": "She is quite decent in conduct.", "tatoeba_id": 90104 }, { "ja": "毎日練習することが極めて重要です。", "furigana": "{毎日|まいにち}{練習|れんしゅう}することが{極|きわ}めて{重要|じゅうよう}です。", "en": "It is essential for you to practice every day.", "tatoeba_id": 81264 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0a37ff65e58260ebe2b8337000d43d17098b351f1a57d12cc2510a63ecb11ed4", "meanings": [ "极其", "非常" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は行儀が極めて上品である。", "zh": "她的举止极其文雅。" }, { "ja": "毎日練習することが極めて重要です。", "zh": "每天练习非常重要。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/746e5a2a80", "JMdict ent_seq 1240200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "93d58e4677948d05e5a78ae6521f75736f34f250dcc1653732dbe64f195e4bfd", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c5acfdc8ca", "word": "近眼", "reading": "きんがん", "romaji": "kingan", "meanings": [ "nearsightedness", "shortsightedness", "myopia" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1242220, "examples": [ { "ja": "十人に一人は近眼である。", "en": "One out of ten persons is nearsighted.", "tatoeba_id": 148069 }, { "ja": "近眼なので眼鏡をかけている。", "en": "I wear glasses because I am nearsighted." }, { "ja": "近眼が進んだので検査を受けた。", "en": "My nearsightedness worsened, so I had an examination." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f612126676fba0baf3d46172ace3087f3f4ee535759968fe476df2d083f6fb8b", "meanings": [ "近视" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "十人に一人は近眼である。", "zh": "十个人中有一个近视。" }, { "ja": "近眼なので眼鏡をかけている。", "zh": "我因为近视而戴眼镜。" }, { "ja": "近眼が進んだので検査を受けた。", "zh": "近视加深了，所以我接受了检查。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c5acfdc8ca", "JMdict ent_seq 1242220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5695c96c936876a19b279b882c103259114885530ba470bb943a2358fd65d925", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "451a92254d", "word": "緊急", "reading": "きんきゅう", "romaji": "kinkyuu", "meanings": [ "urgent", "pressing", "emergency" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1241850, "examples": [ { "ja": "緊急の場合は、１１９番に電話しなさい。", "en": "In case of emergency, call 119.", "tatoeba_id": 179942 }, { "ja": "緊急の場合は警察を呼びなさい。", "furigana": "{緊急|きんきゅう}の{場合|ばあい}は{警察|けいさつ}を{呼|よ}びなさい。", "en": "In case of an emergency, call the police.", "tatoeba_id": 179938 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3cef5dec64ef97b7f90f3d510bd17cc702b0f0ace228bba6089b6db66a077023", "meanings": [ "紧急" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "緊急の場合は、１１９番に電話しなさい。", "zh": "紧急情况下请拨打119。" }, { "ja": "緊急の場合は警察を呼びなさい。", "zh": "紧急情况下请叫警察。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/451a92254d", "JMdict ent_seq 1241850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6764e0a3baadec217ba152e5750b4e96051b8b6020a90615011bec0259e8dafd", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e25e5b82f0", "word": "均衡", "reading": "きんこう", "romaji": "kinkou", "meanings": [ "equilibrium", "balance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1241270, "examples": [ { "ja": "予算は均衡がとれていなければならない。", "furigana": "{予算|よさん}は{均衡|きんこう}がとれていなければならない。", "en": "The budget must be balanced.", "tatoeba_id": 79023 }, { "ja": "アメリカには憲法上の抑制と均衡という入念な制度がある。", "en": "America has an elaborate system of constitutional checks and balances.", "tatoeba_id": 230236 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "520b05e17ada4e9c78248a15560dce5c0bd53ce41cf8ec218e39aee81cd0fae8", "meanings": [ "均衡", "平衡" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "予算は均衡がとれていなければならない。", "zh": "预算必须保持平衡。" }, { "ja": "アメリカには憲法上の抑制と均衡という入念な制度がある。", "zh": "美国有一套精密的宪法制衡制度。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e25e5b82f0", "JMdict ent_seq 1241270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "751a27db6ecc93677f046f7cd25ef40131163d18f4783453d445a4bb205c8936", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2ca2f2c406", "word": "近郊", "reading": "きんこう", "romaji": "kinkou", "meanings": [ "suburbs", "outskirts" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1242290, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は東京近郊に住んでいる。", "en": "He lives in the suburbs of Tokyo.", "tatoeba_id": 101765 }, { "ja": "横浜近郊にご在住の方、ご都合がよろしければ、お出で下さいませ。", "en": "Those ladies and gentlemen who live in the suburbs of Yokohama, if it is convenient to you, please come.", "tatoeba_id": 74972 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "120548289d1036e01aadd103a1f2a2d3730b7987294cd64bee54ad8ad33afa4f", "meanings": [ "近郊" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は東京近郊に住んでいる。", "zh": "他住在东京近郊。" }, { "ja": "横浜近郊にご在住の方、ご都合がよろしければ、お出で下さいませ。", "zh": "住在横滨近郊的各位，方便的话请过来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2ca2f2c406", "JMdict ent_seq 1242290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "398b1c92640fb5cd2a8aca987149bfdf5c1d81075765b0e2ccde67ec09f8d891", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "314af27802", "word": "近視", "reading": "きんし", "romaji": "kinshi", "meanings": [ "shortsightedness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1242320, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は近視なので、あの看板に何が書いてあるか分からない。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{近視|きんし}なので、あの{看板|かんばん}に{何|なに}が{書|か}いてあるか{分|わ}からない。", "en": "I am near-sighted, so I cannot make out what is written on that signboard.", "tatoeba_id": 157574 }, { "ja": "彼はあんな小さい字が読めるのだから近視どころではない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はあんな{小|ちい}さい{字|じ}が{読|よ}めるのだから{近視|きんし}どころではない。", "en": "Since he can read such tiny print, he is far from being near-sighted.", "tatoeba_id": 114739 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "66cc378917fb4386c195298b152a49f79c71115c4dcfbce3e85e6a480d592896", "meanings": [ "近视" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は近視なので、あの看板に何が書いてあるか分からない。", "zh": "我近视，看不清那个牌子上写的是什么。" }, { "ja": "彼はあんな小さい字が読めるのだから近視どころではない。", "zh": "他能读那么小的字，哪里是近视啊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/314af27802", "JMdict ent_seq 1242320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cd5886118a55ac391dddd486fdeecd33fcd6e71304d2e2643c30b2e587fd76be", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d81ca0a2b5", "word": "禁じる", "reading": "きんじる", "romaji": "kinjiru", "meanings": [ "to prohibit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1241470, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は喫煙を禁じられた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{喫煙|きつえん}を{禁|きん}じられた。", "en": "She was prohibited from smoking.", "tatoeba_id": 90550 }, { "ja": "未成年者は喫煙を禁じられている。", "furigana": "{未成年者|みせいねんしゃ}は{喫煙|きつえん}を{禁|きん}じられている。", "en": "Persons under age are prohibited from smoking.", "tatoeba_id": 81057 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a14d33b948feaef60ac5116f401534106b7dc79a0eff32dbb00d3b8ef5395aa7", "meanings": [ "禁止" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は喫煙を禁じられた。", "zh": "她被禁止吸烟。" }, { "ja": "未成年者は喫煙を禁じられている。", "zh": "未成年人被禁止吸烟。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d81ca0a2b5", "JMdict ent_seq 1241470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "eb128d86cbde7c3d2422f70e6c65986bf12e5fcb09e929611ec8893aa9023e13", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "775cb6278a", "word": "禁ずる", "reading": "きんずる", "romaji": "kinzuru", "meanings": [ "to forbid", "to suppress" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vz", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1241480, "examples": [ { "ja": "ベッドでの煙草を禁ずる厳しい規則がある。", "furigana": "ベッドでの{煙草|たばこ}を{禁|きん}ずる{厳|きび}しい{規則|きそく}がある。", "en": "There is a very strict rule forbidding smoking in bed.", "tatoeba_id": 196804 }, { "ja": "犬の連れ込みを禁ず。", "furigana": "{犬|いぬ}の{連|つ}れ{込|こ}みを{禁|きん}ず。", "en": "No dogs allowed.", "tatoeba_id": 175315 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a997a240e91b2a8ce1f246b9d569ca819c5d36d3d458d7af235b3f86ddbb4faa", "meanings": [ "禁止" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ベッドでの煙草を禁ずる厳しい規則がある。", "zh": "有严格规定禁止在床上吸烟。" }, { "ja": "犬の連れ込みを禁ず。", "zh": "禁止带狗进入。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/775cb6278a", "JMdict ent_seq 1241480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d2e8a97eae16327f99cbc3e77ec24603e2ce19a1c58e1a644a804f3689aa8bdd", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c7c6864d64", "word": "勤勉", "reading": "きんべん", "romaji": "kinben", "meanings": [ "industry", "diligence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1241060, "examples": [ { "ja": "トムはいまや以前にもまして勤勉に働いている。", "en": "Tom works more diligently now.", "tatoeba_id": 200110 }, { "ja": "彼は勤勉でもないし利口でもない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{勤勉|きんべん}でもないし{利口|りこう}でもない。", "en": "He is neither diligent nor clever.", "tatoeba_id": 108282 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "324c4d81c7c1ab9d5f1ab72866b8dac980bce99a18a241ca65f47eed4787be2c", "meanings": [ "勤勉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "トムはいまや以前にもまして勤勉に働いている。", "zh": "汤姆现在比以前更加勤奋地工作。" }, { "ja": "彼は勤勉でもないし利口でもない。", "zh": "他既不勤奋也不聪明。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c7c6864d64", "JMdict ent_seq 1241060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b046bc86c54e270970a47db41035940efe397ec61b74a22345c540713552e23b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f43ce78911", "word": "吟味", "reading": "ぎんみ", "romaji": "ginmi", "meanings": [ "testing", "scrutiny", "careful investigation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1243390, "examples": [ { "ja": "社の弁護士に暫定合意の内容を吟味してもらおう。", "furigana": "{社|しゃ}の{弁護士|べんごし}に{暫定|ざんてい}{合意|ごうい}の{内容|ないよう}を{吟味|ぎんみ}してもらおう。", "en": "We'll have our firm's attorneys look through the provisional agreement.", "tatoeba_id": 149234 }, { "ja": "最初に、この実験で使用された触媒について吟味したい。", "furigana": "{最初|さいしょ}に、この{実験|じっけん}で{使用|しよう}された{触媒|しょくばい}について{吟味|ぎんみ}したい。", "en": "As a beginning I would like to examine the catalyzer used in this experiment.", "tatoeba_id": 170497 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7b45328cefb9aa9f5eb6205a991c3b3e9dcd27e533a98aa7f1cc5c9b043d951e", "meanings": [ "仔细审查", "斟酌" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "社の弁護士に暫定合意の内容を吟味してもらおう。", "zh": "让公司律师仔细审查暂定协议的内容吧。" }, { "ja": "最初に、この実験で使用された触媒について吟味したい。", "zh": "首先我想仔细考察这项实验中使用的催化剂。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f43ce78911", "JMdict ent_seq 1243390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "678fa565fdc77afdab0d52f0415fd5aac22a6954daf4e57e5e0eb53f9e7f903a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0c7666523d", "word": "勤務", "reading": "きんむ", "romaji": "kinmu", "meanings": [ "service", "duty", "work" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1241070, "examples": [ { "ja": "その警備員は一晩中勤務だった。", "en": "The guard was on duty all night.", "tatoeba_id": 211177 }, { "ja": "僕は土曜日は正午に勤務からひける。", "furigana": "{僕|ぼく}は{土曜日|どようび}は{正午|しょうご}に{勤務|きんむ}からひける。", "en": "I'll be off duty at noon on Saturday.", "tatoeba_id": 81813 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c6f499bdb174e8685a3bf5804a94d26246e46de790956358530a17ff136afce3", "meanings": [ "工作", "值班" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その警備員は一晩中勤務だった。", "zh": "那位保安值了一整夜班。" }, { "ja": "僕は土曜日は正午に勤務からひける。", "zh": "我星期六中午下班。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0c7666523d", "JMdict ent_seq 1241070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a89bbe7640103f07693bc3a675f1f1d9f1b82bb01ccfbd40edf66d49693365df", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "890a56cd6a", "word": "禁物", "reading": "きんもつ", "romaji": "kinmotsu", "meanings": [ "taboo", "forbidden thing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1241660, "examples": [ { "ja": "長い付き合いにかけは禁物。", "furigana": "{長|なが}い{付|つ}き{合|あ}いにかけは{禁物|きんもつ}。", "en": "Short accounts make long friends.", "tatoeba_id": 125925 }, { "ja": "甘えは禁物だよ。", "furigana": "{甘|あま}えは{禁物|きんもつ}だよ。", "en": "You shouldn't expect things to be easy.", "tatoeba_id": 183879 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a3f3fdeb7dbb88939b976731c47bde6cef1ca2ae1fb370221c7c09d2ac962e78", "meanings": [ "禁忌", "不可做的事" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "長い付き合いにかけは禁物。", "zh": "要长久交往，赊账是大忌。" }, { "ja": "甘えは禁物だよ。", "zh": "不能依赖别人哦。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/890a56cd6a", "JMdict ent_seq 1241660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "394c409926a73c6e57a21d2ee2b1bdbb67951038a10424c7479a1713aaf28483", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "禁物指应当避免的行为，不一定是法律禁止。" } }, { "id": "b7e93ba2fc", "word": "勤労", "reading": "きんろう", "romaji": "kinrou", "meanings": [ "labor", "exertion", "diligent service" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1241160, "examples": [ { "ja": "勤労によって日本は今日の日本になった。", "en": "Hard work has made Japan what it is today.", "tatoeba_id": 179965 }, { "ja": "勤労の大切さを学ぶ。", "en": "Learn the importance of work." }, { "ja": "勤労によって生活を支えている。", "en": "They support their livelihood through work." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f8475916949f6aed955adeb87ca982d124a2a6c93f9ae58fffeaada932257ea8", "meanings": [ "劳动" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "勤労によって日本は今日の日本になった。", "zh": "日本通过劳动成为了今天的日本。" }, { "ja": "勤労の大切さを学ぶ。", "zh": "学习劳动的重要性。" }, { "ja": "勤労によって生活を支えている。", "zh": "他们通过劳动维持生活。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b7e93ba2fc", "JMdict ent_seq 1241160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8ae2c4a5af53e2a530971af0ae47fc209b92f4cb2552210b0290ea35ca779fa7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bb46d28cb9", "word": "区", "reading": "く", "romaji": "ku", "meanings": [ "ward", "district", "section" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1244080, "examples": [ { "ja": "英国の南東区は人口密度が高い。", "en": "The South East region of England is densely populated.", "tatoeba_id": 189005 }, { "ja": "彼はチェスター区選出の議員に当選した。", "en": "He got in for Chester.", "tatoeba_id": 111966 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2417477bf6f87d860632392c41f6bba742edac2ba0a99df7c8284494a7c01cb2", "meanings": [ "区" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "英国の南東区は人口密度が高い。", "zh": "英国东南区人口密度高。" }, { "ja": "彼はチェスター区選出の議員に当選した。", "zh": "他当选为切斯特区议员。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bb46d28cb9", "JMdict ent_seq 1244080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "eb1b34a3cbf223406457d6cbef9d0cc00e2ce238270f41f1800e35d479e83cd2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1a857b8ff7", "word": "クイズ", "reading": "クイズ", "romaji": "kuizu", "meanings": [ "quiz" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1043470, "examples": [ { "ja": "このクイズは全然分からない。", "furigana": "このクイズは{全然|ぜんぜん}{分|わ}からない。", "en": "I can make nothing of this quiz.", "tatoeba_id": 223862 }, { "ja": "少年はクイズを解くのにかなり苦労した。", "furigana": "{少年|しょうねん}はクイズを{解|と}くのにかなり{苦労|くろう}した。", "en": "The boy took great pains to solve the quiz.", "tatoeba_id": 146589 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "919765b58ff41366309b38e7520e418e926feac7e8188166c6655ab2e0bae439", "meanings": [ "问答", "测验" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このクイズは全然分からない。", "zh": "这道问答题我完全不会。" }, { "ja": "少年はクイズを解くのにかなり苦労した。", "zh": "男孩费了很大劲才解开测验题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1a857b8ff7", "JMdict ent_seq 1043470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fb007b281987b351ced8b7c099be82ec7f8db260a504af8a4116c949acc3ff81", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fb59b16497", "word": "食い違う", "reading": "くいちがう", "romaji": "kuichigau", "meanings": [ "to cross each other", "to run counter to", "to differ", "to clash", "to go awry" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1358110, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちの意見は大きく食い違っている。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちの{意見|いけん}は{大|おお}きく{食|く}い{違|ちが}っている。", "en": "There is a gulf between our opinions.", "tatoeba_id": 167079 }, { "ja": "彼らの報告は食い違っている。", "en": "Their reports don't accord.", "tatoeba_id": 98403 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "89901151f5956f58ad7b546012eb9037a96f157b15feca5a46be4b3778dc39ef", "meanings": [ "不一致", "分歧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちの意見は大きく食い違っている。", "zh": "我们的意见相差很大。" }, { "ja": "彼らの報告は食い違っている。", "zh": "他们的报告不一致。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fb59b16497", "JMdict ent_seq 1358110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "be6891e7dab2dae9bc5acd5b63005ebf8abbe328ecf0e28fd7d5623374b7c45b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "58b6a6ca0a", "word": "空腹", "reading": "くうふく", "romaji": "kuufuku", "meanings": [ "hunger" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1246000, "examples": [ { "ja": "その食事で彼は空腹を満たした。", "furigana": "その{食事|しょくじ}で{彼|かれ}は{空腹|くうふく}を{満|み}たした。", "en": "The meal satisfied his hunger.", "tatoeba_id": 208882 }, { "ja": "長く歩いてきたので空腹を感じた。", "furigana": "{長|なが}く{歩|ある}いてきたので{空腹|くうふく}を{感|かん}じた。", "en": "I felt hungry after the long walk.", "tatoeba_id": 125898 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2b12d55e26519be0db506aae33051a55559f255ba86a552a7cc41e272ff41b93", "meanings": [ "饥饿" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その食事で彼は空腹を満たした。", "zh": "那顿饭让他填饱了肚子。" }, { "ja": "長く歩いてきたので空腹を感じた。", "zh": "走了很久，感到饿了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/58b6a6ca0a", "JMdict ent_seq 1246000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2f60cd8837e7f6eaa9827d18e58324ae6ca1cde88291af30fac67dc0e7963458", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "22562443d0", "word": "区画", "reading": "くかく", "romaji": "kukaku", "meanings": [ "division", "section", "compartment", "boundary", "area", "block" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1592110, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はここから数区画離れた所に住んでいる。", "en": "She lives a few blocks away from here.", "tatoeba_id": 92906 }, { "ja": "彼はその区画の新しい男の子とすぐ親しくなった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{区画|くかく}の{新|あたら}しい{男|おとこ}の{子|こ}とすぐ{親|した}しくなった。", "en": "He quickly made friends with the new boy on the block.", "tatoeba_id": 112977 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4ddd33b9c1ff34fb62b51f6ee22f9022d990038b43cbba3ac9a11e7a039a50ed", "meanings": [ "区块", "地块" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はここから数区画離れた所に住んでいる。", "zh": "她住在离这里几个街区的地方。" }, { "ja": "彼はその区画の新しい男の子とすぐ親しくなった。", "zh": "他很快和那个街区新来的男孩熟悉起来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/22562443d0", "JMdict ent_seq 1592110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b5055f5fa5cd12181eaf944b0235054ad3e7d49753e0ede5f467e7ac7f0e1131", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "da3d3e127b", "word": "区間", "reading": "くかん", "romaji": "kukan", "meanings": [ "section (of track, etc)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1244120, "examples": [ { "ja": "不通区間の開通の見込みはまだない。", "en": "There's no hope at this moment that the closed section will be reopened.", "tatoeba_id": 85056 }, { "ja": "この区間は工事中です。", "en": "This section is under construction." }, { "ja": "駅と駅の区間を歩いた。", "en": "I walked the section between the stations." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1c86eabe48c1e71b93e5656b3f9657585f2f237cb09645ee04d252632c4a08b4", "meanings": [ "区间" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "不通区間の開通の見込みはまだない。", "zh": "中断区间何时恢复通行还没有预期。" }, { "ja": "この区間は工事中です。", "zh": "这一区间正在施工。" }, { "ja": "駅と駅の区間を歩いた。", "zh": "我走了车站之间的区间。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/da3d3e127b", "JMdict ent_seq 1244120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2be519fd12fa278efa6de734ef1dba202b3e5816f00438562b82e7d679c9ccba", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "13cadbf1d1", "word": "茎", "reading": "くき", "romaji": "kuki", "meanings": [ "stalk" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1251950, "examples": [ { "ja": "その茎は君の小指よりやや太い。", "en": "The stalk is a little bigger around than your little finger.", "tatoeba_id": 211294 }, { "ja": "バラは茎に刺がある。", "en": "A rose has thorns on its stem.", "tatoeba_id": 197881 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ef316fba62c69cc270d95ded26eddf88c10cbda712cde51ee7242513cf261a76", "meanings": [ "茎" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その茎は君の小指よりやや太い。", "zh": "那根茎比你的小指稍粗。" }, { "ja": "バラは茎に刺がある。", "zh": "玫瑰的茎上有刺。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/13cadbf1d1", "JMdict ent_seq 1251950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9338b77237d91aed1ffd8f0cf8f9b41061b93c8382d3ec7e1a4b888046b8e951", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cf40697176", "word": "区切り", "reading": "くぎり", "romaji": "kugiri", "meanings": [ "an end", "a stop", "punctuation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1244180, "examples": [ { "ja": "仕事に区切りをつけて休む。", "en": "Finish a section of work and take a break." }, { "ja": "話に区切りを入れる。", "en": "Insert a pause in the talk." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "443eac4d66e5103c7a0f239f0429a85bb0c1222f8ed4b164a4ca5af5abd7c5d4", "meanings": [ "段落", "间隔" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "仕事に区切りをつけて休む。", "zh": "把工作告一段落后休息。" }, { "ja": "話に区切りを入れる。", "zh": "在讲话中加入停顿。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cf40697176", "JMdict ent_seq 1244180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4fd30dd2ad7dca713ce906f44979096711c970e86c93a8caa9b6618a08afea79", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "91af54997d", "word": "潜る", "reading": "くぐる", "romaji": "kuguru", "meanings": [ "to pass through", "to go under", "to slip through", "to evade" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1609710, "examples": [ { "ja": "門をくぐって庭に入る。", "en": "Go through the gate into the garden." }, { "ja": "橋の下を船がくぐった。", "en": "A boat passed under the bridge." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "816613a066e22489a8bfc84ba8e367acb28866d831b968cc10141ed031935a6e", "meanings": [ "穿过", "潜过" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "門をくぐって庭に入る。", "zh": "穿过门进入院子。" }, { "ja": "橋の下を船がくぐった。", "zh": "一艘船从桥下穿过。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/91af54997d", "JMdict ent_seq 1609710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "505a81fd4fd4b1d0b7b4fb1aaa6ba005470ae3d5630f5b255fe7b5ea4a965898", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cfdb0d4137", "word": "種々", "reading": "くさぐさ", "romaji": "kusagusa", "meanings": [ "variety" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 2869428, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は種々の方法を試みた。", "en": "He tried many different methods.", "tatoeba_id": 104441 }, { "ja": "新しい産業は私たちの生活に種種の変化をもたらした。", "en": "The new industry brought about changes in our life.", "tatoeba_id": 145409 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ad4fa75f0033ca5c5d65b50e9338d11ebddbe1f8190f418ba4f2f1fe7bfa81fe", "meanings": [ "各种各样" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は種々の方法を試みた。", "zh": "他尝试了各种方法。" }, { "ja": "新しい産業は私たちの生活に種種の変化をもたらした。", "zh": "新产业给我们的生活带来了各种变化。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cfdb0d4137", "JMdict ent_seq 2869428; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "20448c1bd56fedd8602785da269b65f3089d0160accad742bb9304e537f10d0b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "576bcd05c5", "word": "旧事", "reading": "くじ", "romaji": "kuji", "meanings": [ "past events", "bygones" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1577950, "examples": [ { "ja": "旧事を思い出して語り合った。", "en": "We reminisced about past events." }, { "ja": "旧事を水に流して協力する。", "en": "Put past disagreements aside and cooperate." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "19d604ed166773bc8a1dd193acdf9d08212bd20d1727fba94d8314decaf92014", "meanings": [ "往事" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "旧事を思い出して語り合った。", "zh": "我们回忆并谈起了往事。" }, { "ja": "旧事を水に流して協力する。", "zh": "把往事一笔勾销，携手合作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/576bcd05c5", "JMdict ent_seq 1577950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2eb302eb78a428074cb4a7762be355b7251110f75e197dffc52a5fe6c3787afc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "90bc8fc506", "word": "籤引", "reading": "くじびき", "romaji": "kujibiki", "meanings": [ "lottery", "drawn lot" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1570370, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はくじ引きで一等賞を当てたよ。", "en": "He won the first prize in the lottery.", "tatoeba_id": 13715806 }, { "ja": "くじ引きで順番を決めた。", "en": "We decided the order by drawing lots." }, { "ja": "祭りのくじ引きに参加した。", "en": "I took part in the festival lottery." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9e7c2ec138982a18cf7ba1a370bf697fe84c470303fc1297bd6e793e4c3e71e3", "meanings": [ "抽签" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はくじ引きで一等賞を当てたよ。", "zh": "他抽签抽中了一等奖。" }, { "ja": "くじ引きで順番を決めた。", "zh": "我们通过抽签决定顺序。" }, { "ja": "祭りのくじ引きに参加した。", "zh": "我参加了祭典的抽签。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/90bc8fc506", "JMdict ent_seq 1570370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "79870025322dfba08c4e2442c69dac72cd94cfb9097426c9adb1d17394829f87", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d17666b653", "word": "くすぐったい", "reading": "くすぐったい", "romaji": "kusuguttai", "meanings": [ "ticklish" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1003730, "examples": [ { "ja": "やめて。くすぐったい。", "en": "Stop. That tickles.", "tatoeba_id": 10505940 }, { "ja": "もぅ、止めてよ。くすぐったい！", "en": "Oh stop, that tickles!", "tatoeba_id": 9681645 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ae64726976e65c3a63627d46a4971ffe82f5809a190483d8c21b7a5bfe55e296", "meanings": [ "痒" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "やめて。くすぐったい。", "zh": "住手，好痒。" }, { "ja": "もぅ、止めてよ。くすぐったい！", "zh": "哎呀，别闹了，好痒！" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d17666b653", "JMdict ent_seq 1003730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d0f2284590dc0fbe47f37a2257d1068d0cd67e6b4c3558948dece0ab2442e1c5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4d62fb410a", "word": "件", "reading": "くだん", "romaji": "kudan", "meanings": [ "example", "precedent", "the usual", "the said", "the above-mentioned", "(man) in question" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1255930, "examples": [ { "ja": "ちょうどその時、件の二人が登校してきた。", "en": "Just then the two in question arrived at school.", "tatoeba_id": 76560 }, { "ja": "件の一件でメールをいただきありがとうございました。", "furigana": "{件|くだん}の{一件|いっけん}でメールをいただきありがとうございました。", "en": "Thank you for your e-mail regarding the matter in question.", "tatoeba_id": 175585 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ccb3ae3e3386171409ed35ed4afa33fd8f1cf9d90dcfc815712add147eacbe85", "meanings": [ "前述的", "那位" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ちょうどその時、件の二人が登校してきた。", "zh": "正好那时，前面说到的两人来上学了。" }, { "ja": "件の一件でメールをいただきありがとうございました。", "zh": "感谢您就那件事发来邮件。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4d62fb410a", "JMdict ent_seq 1255930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9ed94d6ec37596976748de557fea05277f4aa6f0e313d14b675ff85aa419930c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "くだん指前面提到的人或事情，常用于件の＋名词。" } }, { "id": "237ff96ee6", "word": "愚痴", "reading": "ぐち", "romaji": "guchi", "meanings": [ "idle complaint", "grumble" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1245170, "examples": [ { "ja": "一日中、愚痴をこぼしてばかりいる。", "furigana": "{一日中|いちにちじゅう}、{愚痴|ぐち}をこぼしてばかりいる。", "en": "He does nothing but complain all day long.", "tatoeba_id": 109889 }, { "ja": "妻はいつも愚痴ばかりこぼしている。", "en": "My wife is always complaining about something.", "tatoeba_id": 170356 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "52754e6a16e7b1af2893f2fdc939e4764525479e165374dbbec461c886521cdc", "meanings": [ "牢骚", "抱怨" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "一日中、愚痴をこぼしてばかりいる。", "zh": "整天只是在发牢骚。" }, { "ja": "妻はいつも愚痴ばかりこぼしている。", "zh": "妻子总是在抱怨。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/237ff96ee6", "JMdict ent_seq 1245170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6c3360fdb9e5b7b0bd08c791ea51b4ac62c15b6e17f302f4efc44a2edfee43eb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "11ad69064c", "word": "口ずさむ", "reading": "くちずさむ", "romaji": "kuchizusamu", "meanings": [ "to hum something", "to sing to oneself" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1275720, "examples": [ { "ja": "母は台所でせっせと料理しながら歌を口ずさんでいた。", "furigana": "{母|はは}は{台所|だいどころ}でせっせと{料理|りょうり}しながら{歌|うた}を{口|くち}ずさんでいた。", "en": "Mother hummed to herself as she went about her cooking in the kitchen.", "tatoeba_id": 82898 }, { "ja": "好きな歌を口ずさむ。", "en": "Hum a favorite song." }, { "ja": "彼は歩きながら曲を口ずさんだ。", "en": "He hummed a tune while walking." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "15237bb17278ece17c6e0f9c7b0089f6845598fc21c1feb942014aea71f4c6b7", "meanings": [ "哼唱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "母は台所でせっせと料理しながら歌を口ずさんでいた。", "zh": "母亲在厨房忙着做饭，一边哼着歌。" }, { "ja": "好きな歌を口ずさむ。", "zh": "哼唱喜欢的歌。" }, { "ja": "彼は歩きながら曲を口ずさんだ。", "zh": "他一边走一边哼曲子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/11ad69064c", "JMdict ent_seq 1275720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "49e81c6cedf8d54882af5252364b89dd425bf6784c9f9d18a346e02a0eee8ce4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "388eca3ffa", "word": "嘴", "reading": "くちばし", "romaji": "kuchibashi", "meanings": [ "beak", "bill" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1565560, "examples": [ { "ja": "きつつきは、長く尖ったくちばしで、木の幹をつついて、中にいる虫を食べます。", "en": "Woodpeckers peck tree trunks with their long pointed beaks and eat insects found there.", "tatoeba_id": 76788 }, { "ja": "鳥がくちばしで餌をついばんだ。", "en": "The bird pecked at food with its beak." }, { "ja": "くちばしの長い鳥を見た。", "en": "I saw a bird with a long beak." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a82688dc20f40f2ae618e9221e9eb5b475dcf69003ef21c7978e952deddf7dd2", "meanings": [ "鸟嘴", "喙" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "きつつきは、長く尖ったくちばしで、木の幹をつついて、中にいる虫を食べます。", "zh": "啄木鸟用尖长的嘴啄树干，吃里面的虫子。" }, { "ja": "鳥がくちばしで餌をついばんだ。", "zh": "鸟儿用嘴啄食。" }, { "ja": "くちばしの長い鳥を見た。", "zh": "我看到了一只长嘴的鸟。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/388eca3ffa", "JMdict ent_seq 1565560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4f1dbf5dd28cd0ddbe6111b844717e745f14dfbec1dbbbd34613cc436f388065", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "700b8c4ea1", "word": "朽ちる", "reading": "くちる", "romaji": "kuchiru", "meanings": [ "to rot" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1229310, "examples": [ { "ja": "朽ちない物は何もない。", "en": "There is nothing that does not decay.", "tatoeba_id": 182402 }, { "ja": "木が雨で朽ちた。", "en": "The wood rotted in the rain." }, { "ja": "古い橋が朽ちていく。", "en": "The old bridge is decaying." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1424e2616a60711114d0eb228b5d4eef426d09603bb33c2a36c48248ea92ed56", "meanings": [ "腐朽", "腐烂" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "朽ちない物は何もない。", "zh": "没有什么东西永远不腐朽。" }, { "ja": "木が雨で朽ちた。", "zh": "木头被雨淋得腐朽了。" }, { "ja": "古い橋が朽ちていく。", "zh": "旧桥正在腐朽。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/700b8c4ea1", "JMdict ent_seq 1229310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2c78071739e55b16da6d91b2548c654c494b5247145313c9e90351dd4121e7b6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ef8415130d", "word": "覆す", "reading": "くつがえす", "romaji": "kutsugaesu", "meanings": [ "to overturn", "to upset", "to overthrow", "to undermine" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1501490, "examples": [ { "ja": "最高裁は原判決をくつがえしました。", "furigana": "{最高裁|さいこうさい}は{原判決|げんはんけつ}をくつがえしました。", "en": "The Supreme Court overturned a previous decision.", "tatoeba_id": 170535 }, { "ja": "彼女はまた決心を覆し、そのことは私たちみんなを怒らせた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はまた{決心|けっしん}を{覆|くつがえ}し、そのことは{私|わたし}たちみんなを{怒|おこ}らせた。", "en": "She changed her mind again, which made us all angry.", "tatoeba_id": 91484 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "57dc2ea21adddd82711495c6c23af1c3e8c22241c64fda89b52e3cc688cda752", "meanings": [ "推翻", "颠覆" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "最高裁は原判決をくつがえしました。", "zh": "最高法院推翻了原判决。" }, { "ja": "彼女はまた決心を覆し、そのことは私たちみんなを怒らせた。", "zh": "她又改变了决定，那件事惹恼了我们大家。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ef8415130d", "JMdict ent_seq 1501490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9d091d4ab8fc67feeb1190203eeed7c4497d071d4e032dbe081e3b99dbc2adcb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7588b0ad98", "word": "くっきり", "reading": "くっきり", "romaji": "kukkiri", "meanings": [ "distinctly", "clearly", "boldly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adv-to", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1003840, "examples": [ { "ja": "その木は空にくっきりと浮かび上がっていた。", "furigana": "その{木|き}は{空|そら}にくっきりと{浮|う}かび{上|あ}がっていた。", "en": "The tree was clearly defined against the sky.", "tatoeba_id": 206543 }, { "ja": "青空を背景にその塔がくっきり見えた。", "furigana": "{青空|あおぞら}を{背景|はいけい}にその{塔|とう}がくっきり{見|み}えた。", "en": "The tower was seen clearly against the blue sky.", "tatoeba_id": 142577 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "30679112f9ef7b0e19af4cc00255a9cb5fbf2f6b2ddc233dff80d1a53d26b8e8", "meanings": [ "清晰地", "鲜明地" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その木は空にくっきりと浮かび上がっていた。", "zh": "那棵树在天空的映衬下清晰可见。" }, { "ja": "青空を背景にその塔がくっきり見えた。", "zh": "那座塔以蓝天为背景清晰可见。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7588b0ad98", "JMdict ent_seq 1003840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ee7277c1fbb991c1d834e54dbdc84ee5c6173eba7e1a7ce4feeeb04de9a15f5a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9c0046c678", "word": "屈折", "reading": "くっせつ", "romaji": "kussetsu", "meanings": [ "bending", "indentation", "refraction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1246620, "examples": [ { "ja": "光が水中で屈折する。", "en": "Light refracts in water." }, { "ja": "レンズによる光の屈折を調べる。", "en": "Study the refraction of light by a lens." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "294ee82544b75d69a0a19aab2f571cd884060abfd75fe6c14b322c34b2d8f19c", "meanings": [ "折射", "弯曲" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "光が水中で屈折する。", "zh": "光在水中折射。" }, { "ja": "レンズによる光の屈折を調べる。", "zh": "研究透镜对光的折射。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9c0046c678", "JMdict ent_seq 1246620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1884e898bd8d9e871d1c01f512447828d27d3129467d0de354dd5c3a0c38c822", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "67ac5aceff", "word": "ぐっと", "reading": "ぐっと", "romaji": "gutto", "meanings": [ "firmly", "fast", "much", "more" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1004080, "examples": [ { "ja": "明け方近くは、ぐっと冷え込む。", "en": "It gets extremely cold toward dawn.", "tatoeba_id": 80727 }, { "ja": "トムは自分の感情をぐっと抑えた。", "furigana": "トムは{自分|じぶん}の{感情|かんじょう}をぐっと{抑|おさ}えた。", "en": "Tom got a grip on his emotions.", "tatoeba_id": 199901 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "87f7f417b086ae34d4930b98382ecdd26262240e537fd01a29a6389d9b4b20d6", "meanings": [ "大幅", "用力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "明け方近くは、ぐっと冷え込む。", "zh": "接近黎明时气温骤降。" }, { "ja": "トムは自分の感情をぐっと抑えた。", "zh": "汤姆强忍住自己的感情。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/67ac5aceff", "JMdict ent_seq 1004080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5e9b59a3256aa482894969b2c0b88cde901cd8db2aa2e87760d8dfde0714a831", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "表示程度显著变化，也可表示用力或忍住。" } }, { "id": "4d5c43bf88", "word": "首飾り", "reading": "くびかざり", "romaji": "kubikazari", "meanings": [ "necklace" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1329280, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は高価な首飾りをしています。", "en": "She is wearing an expensive necklace.", "tatoeba_id": 90094 }, { "ja": "誕生日に首飾りを贈った。", "en": "I gave a necklace as a birthday present." }, { "ja": "金の首飾りを身に着けている。", "en": "She is wearing a gold necklace." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "630cc77a5b3cb15f3b86ffd9bcb8fc42d4ba9161c4bea8fb9bd6977232f56581", "meanings": [ "项链" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は高価な首飾りをしています。", "zh": "她戴着昂贵的项链。" }, { "ja": "誕生日に首飾りを贈った。", "zh": "我送了一条项链作为生日礼物。" }, { "ja": "金の首飾りを身に着けている。", "zh": "她戴着金项链。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4d5c43bf88", "JMdict ent_seq 1329280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cf032eae50b5635d4583b62404b7470f25430cf916113fd81495278145e144ea", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6c1dc988ce", "word": "首輪", "reading": "くびわ", "romaji": "kubiwa", "meanings": [ "necklace", "choker" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1329440, "examples": [ { "ja": "犬は首輪をすり抜けた。", "en": "The dog slipped his collar.", "tatoeba_id": 175260 }, { "ja": "犬はやすやすと首輪をはずした。", "furigana": "{犬|いぬ}はやすやすと{首輪|くびわ}をはずした。", "en": "The dog slipped its collar without any difficulty.", "tatoeba_id": 175289 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c5b53a79184579d430edd9001e46aee4343810ee95f1931761543c2a7fd23267", "meanings": [ "项圈" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "犬は首輪をすり抜けた。", "zh": "狗从项圈里挣脱了。" }, { "ja": "犬はやすやすと首輪をはずした。", "zh": "狗轻易地摘掉了项圈。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6c1dc988ce", "JMdict ent_seq 1329440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f6fab8a0beb9c390399d04eef9e938192ec484b42903bc5e1237946a8ae89495", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0e833fb33f", "word": "組み合わせる", "reading": "くみあわせる", "romaji": "kumiawaseru", "meanings": [ "to join together", "to combine", "to join up" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1397480, "examples": [ { "ja": "この上着を何か少し派手な物と組み合わせられませんか。", "en": "Can you match this coat with something a little more colorful?", "tatoeba_id": 221098 }, { "ja": "二つの方法を組み合わせる。", "en": "Combine two methods." }, { "ja": "色を組み合わせて模様を作った。", "en": "I combined colors to create a pattern." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "37f34f60926a8f33c8e1dabfae3dd13bdcd3fcc7dfd6a47e7a24f588e877e366", "meanings": [ "组合" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この上着を何か少し派手な物と組み合わせられませんか。", "zh": "不能把这件上衣和稍微鲜艳一点的东西搭配吗？" }, { "ja": "二つの方法を組み合わせる。", "zh": "把两种方法结合起来。" }, { "ja": "色を組み合わせて模様を作った。", "zh": "我组合颜色做出了图案。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0e833fb33f", "JMdict ent_seq 1397480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "47cd6c5a171c9baa293689f05c192a5e0e3fdfd90d2afa4e63aba5f334019522", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5e70b323ad", "word": "組み込む", "reading": "くみこむ", "romaji": "kumikomu", "meanings": [ "to insert", "to include", "to cut in (printing)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1397510, "examples": [ { "ja": "モデムはコンピューターの中に組み込まれた。", "furigana": "モデムはコンピューターの{中|なか}に{組|く}み{込|こ}まれた。", "en": "The modem was built into the computer.", "tatoeba_id": 193194 }, { "ja": "そのシステム中には保護回路が組み込まれています。", "en": "The protection circuit is built into the system.", "tatoeba_id": 213055 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3ca3a387896e1badacc31c880a409b3e406a27bfad4b64d6dc6469bf9733aa33", "meanings": [ "编入", "嵌入" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "モデムはコンピューターの中に組み込まれた。", "zh": "调制解调器被装进了电脑。" }, { "ja": "そのシステム中には保護回路が組み込まれています。", "zh": "该系统内置了保护电路。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5e70b323ad", "JMdict ent_seq 1397510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c913a8758f67c9a22856ff90faeff8226ca229b6c6adcb89ee894b67a0e31eee", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3f68e34ac7", "word": "蔵", "reading": "くら", "romaji": "kura", "meanings": [ "warehouse", "cellar", "magazine", "granary", "godown", "depository", "treasury", "elevator" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1592380, "examples": [ { "ja": "下戸の建てたる蔵もなし。", "en": "Nobody ever got rich by saving on drinks.", "tatoeba_id": 419267 }, { "ja": "蔵に古い道具を保管している。", "en": "Old tools are stored in the storehouse." }, { "ja": "蔵の扉を開けた。", "en": "I opened the storehouse door." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c426032d37691dbc3bec216145a706d07d97939c871acda8e640c4da45fecdb7", "meanings": [ "仓库", "藏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "下戸の建てたる蔵もなし。", "zh": "不喝酒的人不会因酒致富而建起仓库。" }, { "ja": "蔵に古い道具を保管している。", "zh": "旧工具保存在仓库里。" }, { "ja": "蔵の扉を開けた。", "zh": "我打开了仓库的门。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3f68e34ac7", "JMdict ent_seq 1592380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "25fc3ce58e7e04e69dff35065bbed714e88ef20e8be9efb33b34fc5d85835f05", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7dd1f2e142", "word": "ぐらい", "reading": "ぐらい", "romaji": "gurai", "meanings": [ "approximately" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf", "prt" ], "jmdict_id": 1154340, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は大体あなたぐらいの年齢です。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{大体|だいたい}あなたぐらいの{年齢|ねんれい}です。", "en": "He is about your age.", "tatoeba_id": 102379 }, { "ja": "子供でもそれぐらい答えられるぞ。", "furigana": "{子供|こども}でもそれぐらい{答|こた}えられるぞ。", "en": "Even a child can answer it.", "tatoeba_id": 168685 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6e4a01205426f281720101b3959d6e240c4264db29e5f6466274dc0b7612021e", "meanings": [ "大约", "程度" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は大体あなたぐらいの年齢です。", "zh": "他大约和你同龄。" }, { "ja": "子供でもそれぐらい答えられるぞ。", "zh": "那种程度的问题连孩子都能回答。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7dd1f2e142", "JMdict ent_seq 1154340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c7d8dfff188e5e79d3a19967176a87dff755dc23fb651e77b7e68256c12e0844", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "74638a00a2", "word": "クラブ", "reading": "クラブ", "romaji": "kurabu", "meanings": [ "club", "crab" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1243910, "examples": [ { "ja": "週末にスポーツクラブへ行く。", "en": "I go to the sports club on weekends." }, { "ja": "クラブの会員になった。", "en": "I became a member of the club." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2a74d60516c72416aaec6dd51f57fbd765653cd6a02ca2f484d3ed545e5c6501", "meanings": [ "俱乐部" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "週末にスポーツクラブへ行く。", "zh": "我周末去运动俱乐部。" }, { "ja": "クラブの会員になった。", "zh": "我成了俱乐部会员。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/74638a00a2", "JMdict ent_seq 1243910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fc994afe7e41ccd29a414113ab561f4ed7471a11d68229bf1bb26842d1ecdd17", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a0ad5884f8", "word": "グラフ", "reading": "グラフ", "romaji": "gurafu", "meanings": [ "graph" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1046610, "examples": [ { "ja": "炭素排出量の変動が、以下のグラフに描かれている。", "en": "The differing volumes of carbon emissions are plotted in the graph below.", "tatoeba_id": 127371 }, { "ja": "コンピューターを使えば数字やグラフを扱うときに多くの時間と労力が省ける。", "furigana": "コンピューターを{使|つか}えば{数字|すうじ}やグラフを{扱|あつか}うときに{多|おお}くの{時間|じかん}と{労力|ろうりょく}が{省|はぶ}ける。", "en": "Computers will save you much time and energy when you deal with figures and graphs.", "tatoeba_id": 217231 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0c358fba448fab4e42a0c33fb9b37e3458d9a59d55289379b27685a189ab2735", "meanings": [ "图表" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "炭素排出量の変動が、以下のグラフに描かれている。", "zh": "碳排放量的变化绘制在下面的图表中。" }, { "ja": "コンピューターを使えば数字やグラフを扱うときに多くの時間と労力が省ける。", "zh": "使用计算机处理数字和图表可以节省很多时间和精力。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a0ad5884f8", "JMdict ent_seq 1046610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bf1a30bbea0f2bbda0a2497b286b003c51d31bfa26ce85c41cb880c68f2b2a59", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0e4bfbe5d4", "word": "苦しめる", "reading": "くるしめる", "romaji": "kurushimeru", "meanings": [ "to torment", "to harass", "to inflict pain" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1244360, "examples": [ { "ja": "その事実が彼女の心を苦しめている。", "en": "The matter weighs on her mind.", "tatoeba_id": 209811 }, { "ja": "その問題は主任をひどく苦しめた。", "furigana": "その{問題|もんだい}は{主任|しゅにん}をひどく{苦|くる}しめた。", "en": "The problem tortured the chief.", "tatoeba_id": 206411 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "540d88843c87da20a7112c547c3c207d16add04878b5c6bf3e2613f89deb6a0e", "meanings": [ "折磨", "使痛苦" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その事実が彼女の心を苦しめている。", "zh": "那个事实折磨着她的心。" }, { "ja": "その問題は主任をひどく苦しめた。", "zh": "那个问题让负责人非常苦恼。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0e4bfbe5d4", "JMdict ent_seq 1244360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c9bebf8705233c6bffadf91e881466d0a914e560fd5cb1c5ec62ba9fbc630ab6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4e7af4d59e", "word": "グレー", "reading": "グレー", "romaji": "guree", "meanings": [ "grey", "gray" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1047480, "examples": [ { "ja": "私の事務所はあのグレーの６階建てのビルの４階だ。", "en": "My office is on the fourth floor of that gray six-story building.", "tatoeba_id": 163511 }, { "ja": "グレーの上着を選んだ。", "en": "I chose a gray jacket." }, { "ja": "空がグレーに曇っている。", "en": "The sky is overcast and gray." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2078fd40b02d270edff2fab971a12404812a33c111bf33b43e1c6a0e286e821d", "meanings": [ "灰色" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私の事務所はあのグレーの６階建てのビルの４階だ。", "zh": "我的办公室在那栋灰色六层楼的四楼。" }, { "ja": "グレーの上着を選んだ。", "zh": "我选了一件灰色上衣。" }, { "ja": "空がグレーに曇っている。", "zh": "天空阴沉灰暗。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4e7af4d59e", "JMdict ent_seq 1047480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e592bc7cd17c79dcb78b25fe95698b90df785611962f1afb06acb40166156301", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8290ed6e7a", "word": "クレーン", "reading": "クレーン", "romaji": "kureen", "meanings": [ "crane" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1045280, "examples": [ { "ja": "クレーンを操縦するのには、勿論、免許が必要です。", "furigana": "クレーンを{操縦|そうじゅう}するのには、{勿論|もちろん}、{免許|めんきょ}が{必要|ひつよう}です。", "en": "Of course, a license is needed to operate a crane.", "tatoeba_id": 74652 }, { "ja": "クレーンで荷物を持ち上げる。", "en": "Lift the load with a crane." }, { "ja": "工事現場にクレーンがある。", "en": "There is a crane at the construction site." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "245f6a59d340bfb449eaccc0a856ed6634c05bca17ea03cd3a312fc88053d678", "meanings": [ "起重机" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "クレーンを操縦するのには、勿論、免許が必要です。", "zh": "操作起重机当然需要执照。" }, { "ja": "クレーンで荷物を持ち上げる。", "zh": "用起重机吊起货物。" }, { "ja": "工事現場にクレーンがある。", "zh": "工地上有起重机。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8290ed6e7a", "JMdict ent_seq 1045280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "783f7bcf7ff1cf4df14b1092751809381732c5fddda10121f0e042830ed36ac9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "784a9e0069", "word": "玄人", "reading": "くろうと", "romaji": "kurouto", "meanings": [ "expert", "professional", "geisha", "prostitute" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1263430, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は玄人にちかい。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{玄人|くろうと}にちかい。", "en": "He is almost professional.", "tatoeba_id": 107618 }, { "ja": "玄人の技に驚いた。", "en": "I was amazed by the expert’s skill." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9daf14ae31501b3f029269ef1e251cd113fbfd02ee80d7624c624881bc69f447", "meanings": [ "行家", "专业人士" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は玄人にちかい。", "zh": "他的水平接近专业人士。" }, { "ja": "玄人の技に驚いた。", "zh": "我对行家的技艺感到惊叹。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/784a9e0069", "JMdict ent_seq 1263430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "93b073fdd78c0e271c9ef31dfd59046eef13437dbdfaf9c58889ad4a65ed2f54", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "24de60011c", "word": "黒字", "reading": "くろじ", "romaji": "kuroji", "meanings": [ "balance (figure) in the black" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1287710, "examples": [ { "ja": "今月は黒字である。", "furigana": "{今月|こんげつ}は{黒字|くろじ}である。", "en": "We are in the black this month.", "tatoeba_id": 172454 }, { "ja": "今期、我が社の黒字はほぼ１０％増加した。", "furigana": "{今期|こんき}、{我|わ}が{社|しゃ}の{黒字|くろじ}はほぼ１０％{増加|ぞうか}した。", "en": "Our surplus has swelled by nearly ten percent in this quarter.", "tatoeba_id": 172480 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8790bf572dc04de3cc73534a9c259d16a44df2237590ff5868fee40b7530b504", "meanings": [ "盈利", "盈余" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "今月は黒字である。", "zh": "这个月有盈余。" }, { "ja": "今期、我が社の黒字はほぼ１０％増加した。", "zh": "本期我们公司的盈余增加了近百分之十。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/24de60011c", "JMdict ent_seq 1287710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d14b53072d5f3b05fc9734bb42245a9b6976747778cf103154a762483d5028de", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7ea034ef1f", "word": "群", "reading": "ぐん", "romaji": "gun", "meanings": [ "group (math)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1247490, "examples": [ { "ja": "牧羊犬が、羊の群を牧場へ連れていく。", "en": "A sheep dog drives the flock to the pasture.", "tatoeba_id": 81673 }, { "ja": "どの羊の群にも黒い羊がいる。", "furigana": "どの{羊|ひつじ}の{群|ぐん}にも{黒|くろ}い{羊|ひつじ}がいる。", "en": "There's a black sheep in every flock.", "tatoeba_id": 200252 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "09407c1c3de344d999a42c2892c889f4f31dc4c245d859d9c549860cb2a7d115", "meanings": [ "群", "集团" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "牧羊犬が、羊の群を牧場へ連れていく。", "zh": "牧羊犬把羊群赶到牧场。" }, { "ja": "どの羊の群にも黒い羊がいる。", "zh": "每群羊中都有黑羊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7ea034ef1f", "JMdict ent_seq 1247490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ed8f98df7cb9b23f3d2231342a299ce4f2281a5dfe9dac35e8f3a7a978d8567d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fc67aa10fe", "word": "軍艦", "reading": "ぐんかん", "romaji": "gunkan", "meanings": [ "warship", "battleship" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1247830, "examples": [ { "ja": "それは大きくて黒いアメリカの軍艦だった。", "furigana": "それは{大|おお}きくて{黒|くろ}いアメリカの{軍艦|ぐんかん}だった。", "en": "It was a big black American warship.", "tatoeba_id": 205004 }, { "ja": "軍艦が港に入った。", "en": "A warship entered the harbor." }, { "ja": "遠くに軍艦が見える。", "en": "A warship is visible in the distance." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "10c43275321a75952be6c329ae9471f309bde6a0113c80c8bf394f60378fd3f7", "meanings": [ "军舰" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それは大きくて黒いアメリカの軍艦だった。", "zh": "那是一艘又大又黑的美国军舰。" }, { "ja": "軍艦が港に入った。", "zh": "军舰驶入了港口。" }, { "ja": "遠くに軍艦が見える。", "zh": "远处可以看到军舰。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fc67aa10fe", "JMdict ent_seq 1247830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "eb1ffd1bd821d53816653ccfdffe5498dbb07d59db8cd8eb36a158b24f3008cc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "81dfeba28b", "word": "軍事", "reading": "ぐんじ", "romaji": "gunji", "meanings": [ "military affairs" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1248080, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは軍事予算を増大させようとした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{軍事|ぐんじ}{予算|よさん}を{増大|ぞうだい}させようとした。", "en": "They intended to increase the military budget.", "tatoeba_id": 97289 }, { "ja": "軍事行動について協議した。", "en": "They discussed military operations." }, { "ja": "軍事費の増加を検討する。", "en": "Consider an increase in military spending." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "37684e339d5cb2d50ad6eaa1447b5e2e17b3c661f536b88e0a525fe34bbd9799", "meanings": [ "军事" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは軍事予算を増大させようとした。", "zh": "他们试图增加军事预算。" }, { "ja": "軍事行動について協議した。", "zh": "他们商议了军事行动。" }, { "ja": "軍事費の増加を検討する。", "zh": "考虑增加军事开支。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/81dfeba28b", "JMdict ent_seq 1248080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4ca6ae6d625b23018c2e032a1f8877427e2ec47e62a0c329d3b5a07f0adc6dea", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d3f48aa17a", "word": "君主", "reading": "くんしゅ", "romaji": "kunshu", "meanings": [ "ruler", "monarch" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1247290, "examples": [ { "ja": "その君主は臣民に対して絶対の支配権を持っていた。", "en": "The lord held absolute power over his subjects.", "tatoeba_id": 211327 }, { "ja": "ビクトリア女王は英国の君主だった。", "furigana": "ビクトリア{女王|じょおう}は{英国|えいこく}の{君主|くんしゅ}だった。", "en": "Queen Victoria was the sovereign of Great Britain.", "tatoeba_id": 197630 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "31cec653bbbcd6b781be2555ff6bf3de32e8bd8fed0adaeea610bc12ddb3ecf9", "meanings": [ "君主" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その君主は臣民に対して絶対の支配権を持っていた。", "zh": "那个君主对臣民拥有绝对统治权。" }, { "ja": "ビクトリア女王は英国の君主だった。", "zh": "维多利亚女王是英国的君主。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d3f48aa17a", "JMdict ent_seq 1247290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3d0b542c98c36bb9db823f7bcb113fa8c5cf096a96b4ff00411c5403f401bba0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "26de298aa1", "word": "群集", "reading": "ぐんしゅう", "romaji": "gunshuu", "meanings": [ "(social) group", "crowd", "throng", "mob", "multitude" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1592515, "examples": [ { "ja": "群集は嬉しさのあまり歓声を上げた。", "furigana": "{群集|ぐんしゅう}は{嬉|うれ}しさのあまり{歓声|かんせい}を{上|あ}げた。", "en": "The crowd yelled with delight.", "tatoeba_id": 176691 }, { "ja": "群集は人種差別に対して抗議した。", "furigana": "{群集|ぐんしゅう}は{人種差別|じんしゅさべつ}に{対|たい}して{抗議|こうぎ}した。", "en": "The crowd protested against racial discrimination.", "tatoeba_id": 176686 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2bd6d450372c107e9f43cfd0edfea4b456d3354386db3f446c975c53d89082da", "meanings": [ "人群", "群众" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "群集は嬉しさのあまり歓声を上げた。", "zh": "人群高兴得欢呼起来。" }, { "ja": "群集は人種差別に対して抗議した。", "zh": "群众抗议种族歧视。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/26de298aa1", "JMdict ent_seq 1592515; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "05ed7e72714f1c73774439afa3cc223f0852f0801523a9d59a25fec467d799c9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "069b9a3fc0", "word": "軍備", "reading": "ぐんび", "romaji": "gunbi", "meanings": [ "armaments", "military preparations" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1248870, "examples": [ { "ja": "軍備のためにこのような巨額の支出が可能かどうかという問題を考えてみる必要がある。", "furigana": "{軍備|ぐんび}のためにこのような{巨額|きょがく}の{支出|ししゅつ}が{可能|かのう}かどうかという{問題|もんだい}を{考|かんが}えてみる{必要|ひつよう}がある。", "en": "We must consider the question of whether we can afford such huge sums for armaments.", "tatoeba_id": 176653 }, { "ja": "根本的な軍縮条約とは一切の軍備と軍隊を禁ずるものである。", "en": "A radical disarmament treaty prohibits all armaments and armed forces.", "tatoeba_id": 170977 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8721018b5321439523b9fc7a3260124d560f6847b601687f078b3132043341dc", "meanings": [ "军备" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "軍備のためにこのような巨額の支出が可能かどうかという問題を考えてみる必要がある。", "zh": "有必要考虑是否能为军备支付如此巨额的开支。" }, { "ja": "根本的な軍縮条約とは一切の軍備と軍隊を禁ずるものである。", "zh": "根本性的裁军条约应禁止一切军备和军队。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/069b9a3fc0", "JMdict ent_seq 1248870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "42c8b907e1096aa4e7ef1371b3ea09a7f1b8fcbd852af3e0204e572995b5939f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e7553c2eb8", "word": "軍服", "reading": "ぐんぷく", "romaji": "gunpuku", "meanings": [ "military or naval uniform" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1248970, "examples": [ { "ja": "兵士たちは軍服を着ている。", "en": "The soldiers are wearing military uniforms." }, { "ja": "古い軍服が博物館に展示された。", "en": "An old military uniform was displayed in the museum." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a9502074a9fb4117445d2726e71e2a28cd7f5a93c5ee3c0705172a314ae0321e", "meanings": [ "军服" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "兵士たちは軍服を着ている。", "zh": "士兵们穿着军服。" }, { "ja": "古い軍服が博物館に展示された。", "zh": "一件旧军服在博物馆展出。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e7553c2eb8", "JMdict ent_seq 1248970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "be8df2743de3b76aa4b8dd827a036b1c300e1109462605855e017630a5ef59f2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0dff3c38d4", "word": "刑", "reading": "けい", "romaji": "kei", "meanings": [ "penalty", "sentence", "punishment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1249610, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は懲役十年で、女房には三年の刑が下った。", "en": "He was given ten years and his wife three.", "tatoeba_id": 102118 }, { "ja": "被告は懲役１０年の刑を宣告された。", "furigana": "{被告|ひこく}は{懲役|ちょうえき}１０{年|ねん}の{刑|けい}を{宣告|せんこく}された。", "en": "The accused was condemned to ten years in prison.", "tatoeba_id": 85822 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "cd6f00a7bef7db904e04ed0aff1c972f6eb2b8ccd21d018f085ba1e04cb2d42e", "meanings": [ "刑罚", "判刑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は懲役十年で、女房には三年の刑が下った。", "zh": "他被判十年徒刑，妻子被判三年。" }, { "ja": "被告は懲役１０年の刑を宣告された。", "zh": "被告被判处十年徒刑。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0dff3c38d4", "JMdict ent_seq 1249610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b65f308b20927c016468ff0d5167eb866b564131b84e32aafb999f975fa956f0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b36f12de15", "word": "系", "reading": "けい", "romaji": "kei", "meanings": [ "system", "lineage", "group" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1251000, "examples": [ { "ja": "Windows系ＯＳではアドミニストレーターアカウントがルートに相当する。", "furigana": "Windows{系|けい}ＯＳではアドミニストレーターアカウントがルートに{相当|そうとう}する。", "en": "With Windows OS systems 'administrator account' corresponds to 'root'.", "tatoeba_id": 76934 }, { "ja": "彼女はアメリカ系である。", "en": "She is of American parentage.", "tatoeba_id": 93391 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1113774f8a818eb09aba70257b9b521a1a02af349f90f722358b7b43b26b875d", "meanings": [ "系统", "血统" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "Windows系ＯＳではアドミニストレーターアカウントがルートに相当する。", "zh": "在Windows系列操作系统中，管理员账户相当于root。" }, { "ja": "彼女はアメリカ系である。", "zh": "她有美国血统。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b36f12de15", "JMdict ent_seq 1251000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a59e1607e29fda9fa5f1b551787970ec1f1ac869b044a12bf6d6f93c2d4d5ed4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8703a8fa42", "word": "経過", "reading": "けいか", "romaji": "keika", "meanings": [ "passage", "expiration", "progress" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1251250, "examples": [ { "ja": "それ以来３年が経過した。", "furigana": "それ{以来|いらい}３{年|ねん}が{経過|けいか}した。", "en": "Three years have passed since then.", "tatoeba_id": 204489 }, { "ja": "プロジェクトの経過は下記の通りです。", "en": "The status of the project is as follows.", "tatoeba_id": 196878 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "95c8bd06642d9e67590b7ed063f1c703cff86fe91959615555538a0176b6725d", "meanings": [ "经过", "进展" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それ以来３年が経過した。", "zh": "从那以后过了三年。" }, { "ja": "プロジェクトの経過は下記の通りです。", "zh": "项目的进展如下。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8703a8fa42", "JMdict ent_seq 1251250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5c812a9896f68c07713fa7f840c886ed795904d75b37bc5c2e91a6c2b8b6dca7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e934b6a0ba", "word": "警戒", "reading": "けいかい", "romaji": "keikai", "meanings": [ "warning", "admonition", "vigilance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1252310, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は我々を警戒しているようだ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{我々|われわれ}を{警戒|けいかい}しているようだ。", "en": "He seems to be wary of us.", "tatoeba_id": 109109 }, { "ja": "兵士たちは警戒しながら国境へ向かった。", "furigana": "{兵士|へいし}たちは{警戒|けいかい}しながら{国境|こっきょう}へ{向|む}かった。", "en": "The soldiers proceeded to the frontier with caution.", "tatoeba_id": 83613 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0c18033f1d25baae0b75203e99787d0af339349fb5d10d7a5da29d4d5ab8f264", "meanings": [ "警戒", "警惕" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は我々を警戒しているようだ。", "zh": "他似乎在提防我们。" }, { "ja": "兵士たちは警戒しながら国境へ向かった。", "zh": "士兵们警惕地向边境前进。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e934b6a0ba", "JMdict ent_seq 1252310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5dac656fa71cd9a8296aa85a3c8d517e66833d94ec29b6779f58e026e26ffb6f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5eb3025a5c", "word": "軽快", "reading": "けいかい", "romaji": "keikai", "meanings": [ "rhythmical (e.g. melody)", "casual (e.g. dress)", "light", "nimble" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1252600, "examples": [ { "ja": "リズムは軽快でテンポは速く、その曲は若者に好まれている。", "en": "The rhythm is light, and the tempo fast - that song is liked by young people.", "tatoeba_id": 74956 }, { "ja": "軽快な音楽が流れている。", "en": "Light, lively music is playing." }, { "ja": "彼は軽快な足取りで歩いた。", "en": "He walked with a light step." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ef17514438089615384c8e4771cb9cb5dd89695ff78c8de2ab68690773580509", "meanings": [ "轻快" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "リズムは軽快でテンポは速く、その曲は若者に好まれている。", "zh": "曲子节奏轻快、速度快，受到年轻人喜欢。" }, { "ja": "軽快な音楽が流れている。", "zh": "轻快的音乐正在播放。" }, { "ja": "彼は軽快な足取りで歩いた。", "zh": "他迈着轻快的步伐走着。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5eb3025a5c", "JMdict ent_seq 1252600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "64621b48acc06d49f09c4c680dce0a3f608826ac02bf19dfbd0637990d25bb43", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d07bdd00a7", "word": "契機", "reading": "けいき", "romaji": "keiki", "meanings": [ "opportunity", "chance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1250180, "examples": [ { "ja": "退職を契機に茶道を始めた。", "furigana": "{退職|たいしょく}を{契機|けいき}に{茶道|さどう}を{始|はじ}めた。", "en": "I took the opportunity of retirement to begin studying the tea ceremony.", "tatoeba_id": 75903 }, { "ja": "株価上昇を契機に新工場建設の話が持ち上がった。", "en": "They took advantage of the stock price increase to raise the idea of building a new factory.", "tatoeba_id": 76270 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5aec62398b65dc327fe19068f9ef45e590209b4dfed19194510f315728ddd924", "meanings": [ "契机", "机会" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "退職を契機に茶道を始めた。", "zh": "以退休为契机开始学习茶道。" }, { "ja": "株価上昇を契機に新工場建設の話が持ち上がった。", "zh": "股价上涨促成了建设新工厂的议题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d07bdd00a7", "JMdict ent_seq 1250180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c8eac9dcfe97da8248677bc7db591f05c334ba5045517d8da05a03410d91eeb4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "13ce9c407b", "word": "計器", "reading": "けいき", "romaji": "keiki", "meanings": [ "meter", "gauge" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1252130, "examples": [ { "ja": "例えば、温度計や気圧計などの計器は器具です。", "furigana": "{例|たと}えば、{温度計|おんどけい}や{気圧計|きあつけい}などの{計器|けいき}は{器具|きぐ}です。", "en": "For instance, gauges, such as thermometers and barometers, are instruments.", "tatoeba_id": 77708 }, { "ja": "計器の数値を確認する。", "en": "Check the reading on the instrument." }, { "ja": "操縦席には多くの計器がある。", "en": "There are many instruments in the cockpit." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f90a15d0f597e9c806460d91ef0b41a54f1eb63fcfd0b62f4eefcdf8697a1cb9", "meanings": [ "仪表" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "例えば、温度計や気圧計などの計器は器具です。", "zh": "例如温度计和气压计等计量仪表都是器具。" }, { "ja": "計器の数値を確認する。", "zh": "确认仪表读数。" }, { "ja": "操縦席には多くの計器がある。", "zh": "驾驶舱里有许多仪表。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/13ce9c407b", "JMdict ent_seq 1252130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "71faba80a153efc440200de76da3e8d94fdf4d56c662628f214c8fc8c478ff71", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "62c5b0c54f", "word": "敬具", "reading": "けいぐ", "romaji": "keigu", "meanings": [ "Sincerely yours" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1250740, "examples": [ { "ja": "手紙の最後に敬具と書いた。", "en": "I wrote a formal closing at the end of the letter." }, { "ja": "拝啓で始めた手紙を敬具で結ぶ。", "en": "Close a letter beginning with haikei with keigu." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "629090be4456d7a17c892f3918cfd12a7046fca3d0ae33d527158363a4f07790", "meanings": [ "敬启", "谨启（信末）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "手紙の最後に敬具と書いた。", "zh": "我在信末写上敬具。" }, { "ja": "拝啓で始めた手紙を敬具で結ぶ。", "zh": "以拝啓开头的信以敬具结尾。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/62c5b0c54f", "JMdict ent_seq 1250740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "46e91090e49c6116fb7cacaa1d5fe39914c567a25598542a838f2f42cdd5463e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c93dff6c1a", "word": "軽減", "reading": "けいげん", "romaji": "keigen", "meanings": [ "abatement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1252680, "examples": [ { "ja": "ヨガはストレス軽減に役立つ。", "en": "Yoga can help lower stress.", "tatoeba_id": 12726688 }, { "ja": "負担を軽減する方法を考える。", "en": "Consider ways to reduce the burden." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8fb6a5eb4427431fc804a28860aa53fde537bf8b261f56b05133aa7b5ac3eaa9", "meanings": [ "减轻", "降低" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ヨガはストレス軽減に役立つ。", "zh": "瑜伽有助于减轻压力。" }, { "ja": "負担を軽減する方法を考える。", "zh": "考虑减轻负担的方法。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c93dff6c1a", "JMdict ent_seq 1252680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "dba8c096a51c811c5b5642d0c0b514073700bc106ad9cf0bedfafa4f7f10d937", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d447b34a14", "word": "掲載", "reading": "けいさい", "romaji": "keisai", "meanings": [ "appearance (e.g. article in paper)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1250610, "examples": [ { "ja": "それは昨日の産経新聞に掲載された。", "en": "It came out in yesterday's Sankei.", "tatoeba_id": 205184 }, { "ja": "教育産業に関する情報を掲載したインターネットサイトには以下のようなものがあります。", "furigana": "{教育産業|きょういくさんぎょう}に{関|かん}する{情報|じょうほう}を{掲載|けいさい}したインターネットサイトには{以下|いか}のようなものがあります。", "en": "Among the Internet sites that publish information on education related businesses are those given below.", "tatoeba_id": 74257 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fb4f4a35d4317faec77545451105d8a83a3e4c9319447eddf2dfb260ff982cfd", "meanings": [ "刊登", "掲載" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それは昨日の産経新聞に掲載された。", "zh": "那篇内容刊登在昨天的产经新闻上。" }, { "ja": "教育産業に関する情報を掲載したインターネットサイトには以下のようなものがあります。", "zh": "刊载教育产业信息的网站有以下这些。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d447b34a14", "JMdict ent_seq 1250610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c7dcead7585f3911c93e4c68347b2bf62dcff1f2711e597228f39359d83e6afe", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8d2dc17edc", "word": "傾斜", "reading": "けいしゃ", "romaji": "keisha", "meanings": [ "inclination", "slant", "slope", "bevel", "list", "dip" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1249500, "examples": [ { "ja": "その土地は川に向かって緩やかに傾斜している。", "en": "The land slopes gently toward the river.", "tatoeba_id": 207538 }, { "ja": "屋根は鋭い角度で傾斜している。", "furigana": "{屋根|やね}は{鋭|するど}い{角度|かくど}で{傾斜|けいしゃ}している。", "en": "The roof slopes sharply.", "tatoeba_id": 188432 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3354768e75c2b3bee1a3ea3618570783b61d550709ff37c06eb048478cbed907", "meanings": [ "倾斜", "坡度" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その土地は川に向かって緩やかに傾斜している。", "zh": "那片土地向河流缓缓倾斜。" }, { "ja": "屋根は鋭い角度で傾斜している。", "zh": "屋顶以很陡的角度倾斜。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8d2dc17edc", "JMdict ent_seq 1249500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c03b89dbebb6d24ab2e742d788a05d8836436bfc64fc9424621d8e041c4d7cb4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "191be01339", "word": "形勢", "reading": "けいせい", "romaji": "keisei", "meanings": [ "condition", "situation", "prospects" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1250350, "examples": [ { "ja": "形勢は逆転した。", "furigana": "{形勢|けいせい}は{逆転|ぎゃくてん}した。", "en": "Now the shoe is on the other foot.", "tatoeba_id": 176543 }, { "ja": "それで形勢が変わった。", "furigana": "それで{形勢|けいせい}が{変|か}わった。", "en": "That altered the aspect of the case.", "tatoeba_id": 205737 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "195e105234f9e92834d003df8d922b288b4adda427e11e076014671a9e6c94d5", "meanings": [ "形势", "局势" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "形勢は逆転した。", "zh": "局势逆转了。" }, { "ja": "それで形勢が変わった。", "zh": "这改变了形势。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/191be01339", "JMdict ent_seq 1250350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "069ffc864d94b7d067ee0226daf4269f97382a06d5259d3659e69f7ec3f324fd", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1bc2d68e6c", "word": "形成", "reading": "けいせい", "romaji": "keisei", "meanings": [ "formation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1250360, "examples": [ { "ja": "真の歴史を形成するのは大衆である。", "furigana": "{真|しん}の{歴史|れきし}を{形成|けいせい}するのは{大衆|たいしゅう}である。", "en": "The true makers of history are the masses.", "tatoeba_id": 144993 }, { "ja": "教育は人格の形成を助ける。", "furigana": "{教育|きょういく}は{人格|じんかく}の{形成|けいせい}を{助|たす}ける。", "en": "Education helps to mold character.", "tatoeba_id": 180340 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f14fff6a23f93a4cbfa8136be4f0b960f9b0dfbee09f6b4bc18f8dc915b3b0d2", "meanings": [ "形成" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "真の歴史を形成するのは大衆である。", "zh": "形成真正历史的是大众。" }, { "ja": "教育は人格の形成を助ける。", "zh": "教育有助于人格形成。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1bc2d68e6c", "JMdict ent_seq 1250360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "53989f46386090270c3a4888cf23311d1b9f4b8c06e2d341d2e6c73258bef68c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "65a9516d95", "word": "軽率", "reading": "けいそつ", "romaji": "keisotsu", "meanings": [ "rash", "thoughtless", "careless", "hasty" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1252910, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの連中は軽率で、仕事がのろかったから、くびになった。", "furigana": "あの{連中|れんちゅう}は{軽率|けいそつ}で、{仕事|しごと}がのろかったから、くびになった。", "en": "They got the sack for being careless and tardy.", "tatoeba_id": 230421 }, { "ja": "彼は軽率だという評判だった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{軽率|けいそつ}だという{評判|ひょうばん}だった。", "en": "He had a reputation for carelessness.", "tatoeba_id": 107927 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ed254d0da583d8f8ae1045114d68521d61fa2500a99677f0ff1a0a4484cffeea", "meanings": [ "轻率", "草率" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの連中は軽率で、仕事がのろかったから、くびになった。", "zh": "那些人因为轻率、工作又慢而被解雇了。" }, { "ja": "彼は軽率だという評判だった。", "zh": "他以轻率闻名。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/65a9516d95", "JMdict ent_seq 1252910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ee363ac7fec1b920ea8046f4a3ef2e981a243613948c1b4071fca797936af525", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "04517cb668", "word": "形態", "reading": "けいたい", "romaji": "keitai", "meanings": [ "form", "shape", "figure" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1250390, "examples": [ { "ja": "ジョギングは、運動として、好ましい形態になった。", "furigana": "ジョギングは、{運動|うんどう}として、{好|この}ましい{形態|けいたい}になった。", "en": "Jogging has become the favorite form of exercise.", "tatoeba_id": 215565 }, { "ja": "言語を知識の形態と考える人もいる。", "furigana": "{言語|げんご}を{知識|ちしき}の{形態|けいたい}と{考|かんが}える{人|ひと}もいる。", "en": "Some consider language as a form of knowledge.", "tatoeba_id": 174722 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7a4b0b55b536999dc8c03185a2511b3b8bd901a57de52f1198656137175a3af5", "meanings": [ "形态", "形式" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ジョギングは、運動として、好ましい形態になった。", "zh": "慢跑成为一种受欢迎的运动形式。" }, { "ja": "言語を知識の形態と考える人もいる。", "zh": "也有人认为语言是知识的一种形式。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/04517cb668", "JMdict ent_seq 1250390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a62995a11810f879f6255111eea30ef8db5480144e9ba257c5cf4a80633de13e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6bcbf0c06c", "word": "携帯", "reading": "けいたい", "romaji": "keitai", "meanings": [ "carrying something" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1250680, "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカ人は武器の携帯を許されている。", "furigana": "アメリカ{人|じん}は{武器|ぶき}の{携帯|けいたい}を{許|ゆる}されている。", "en": "Americans have the right to bear arms.", "tatoeba_id": 230100 }, { "ja": "最近の女子高生は、携帯でメールしているらしい。", "en": "Lately high school girls are using their cell phones to exchange e-mail.", "tatoeba_id": 170689 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b4552b2d79435ac6a464abf1af081894aa5c7091e5c6b36f58120c0ca40322df", "meanings": [ "携带", "手机" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカ人は武器の携帯を許されている。", "zh": "美国人被允许携带武器。" }, { "ja": "最近の女子高生は、携帯でメールしているらしい。", "zh": "听说最近的女高中生用手机发邮件。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6bcbf0c06c", "JMdict ent_seq 1250680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d7adaceeaff2da67dcdf25829dcae0e351824e9622296d0db96aa6a47f2ab500", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "beaeaf4c59", "word": "刑罰", "reading": "けいばつ", "romaji": "keibatsu", "meanings": [ "judgement", "penalty", "punishment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1249780, "examples": [ { "ja": "それは罪人に対する最も人道的な刑罰ではないか。", "en": "Isn't that the most humane punishment for criminals?", "tatoeba_id": 205186 }, { "ja": "圧倒的多数がその残酷な刑罰を廃止することに票を投じた。", "en": "An overwhelming majority voted to abolish the brutal punishment.", "tatoeba_id": 191346 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4000ff2cdf9c36dad5f85732d8e3f90d70d688698814c7a5dd15c5abe68ad9a2", "meanings": [ "刑罚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それは罪人に対する最も人道的な刑罰ではないか。", "zh": "那不是对罪犯最人道的刑罚吗？" }, { "ja": "圧倒的多数がその残酷な刑罰を廃止することに票を投じた。", "zh": "绝大多数人投票废除那项残酷的刑罚。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/beaeaf4c59", "JMdict ent_seq 1249780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6d05a22f2267c9556711ee3e387325fc2019542d75c93a578229c523cdc43b2f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "38cbad27b0", "word": "経費", "reading": "けいひ", "romaji": "keihi", "meanings": [ "expenses", "cost", "outlay" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1251640, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは、経費を切りつめなければならない。", "en": "We must cut down our expenses.", "tatoeba_id": 166753 }, { "ja": "その事業の経費は１億円にのぼる。", "furigana": "その{事業|じぎょう}の{経費|けいひ}は１{億|おく}{円|えん}にのぼる。", "en": "The total expense for the project amounts to one hundred million yen.", "tatoeba_id": 209993 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7372409b5f54fa24466612b748993fcac56f243580f4c421d5ad37d58166d8c6", "meanings": [ "经费", "费用" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは、経費を切りつめなければならない。", "zh": "我们必须削减费用。" }, { "ja": "その事業の経費は１億円にのぼる。", "zh": "那项事业的费用高达一亿日元。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/38cbad27b0", "JMdict ent_seq 1251640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "652bd5934ea4f788e889293abd7baf2037f4040becebd1377e9050203ee7825f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3296476a71", "word": "警部", "reading": "けいぶ", "romaji": "keibu", "meanings": [ "police inspector" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1252510, "examples": [ { "ja": "警部、もっと警官を投入できるようになるまでは、事態を表に出さないようにしたまえ。", "furigana": "{警部|けいぶ}、もっと{警官|けいかん}を{投入|とうにゅう}できるようになるまでは、{事態|じたい}を{表|おもて}に{出|だ}さないようにしたまえ。", "en": "Inspector, try to keep a lid on the situation until we can get more police down there.", "tatoeba_id": 176057 }, { "ja": "警部が捜査を指揮した。", "en": "The police inspector led the investigation." }, { "ja": "警部に事情を説明した。", "en": "I explained the circumstances to the inspector." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fe66110593df9f06dc873fef64b3a709d4cb2faa6df33359cd2912bf918443e8", "meanings": [ "警部" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "警部、もっと警官を投入できるようになるまでは、事態を表に出さないようにしたまえ。", "zh": "警部，在可以投入更多警员之前，请不要把事态公开。" }, { "ja": "警部が捜査を指揮した。", "zh": "警部指挥了调查。" }, { "ja": "警部に事情を説明した。", "zh": "我向警部说明了情况。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3296476a71", "JMdict ent_seq 1252510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "157e7fd2b1f60d26cdf78625a17ba2681c3abffb2bf857c76f7451f1c5b3caf5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "afccc3e42c", "word": "軽蔑", "reading": "けいべつ", "romaji": "keibetsu", "meanings": [ "scorn", "disdain" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1252860, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼をひどく軽蔑している。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{彼|かれ}をひどく{軽蔑|けいべつ}している。", "en": "I have a fine contempt for him.", "tatoeba_id": 153653 }, { "ja": "彼は軽蔑したように唇をゆがめた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{軽蔑|けいべつ}したように{唇|くちびる}をゆがめた。", "en": "He curled his lip in a sneer.", "tatoeba_id": 107928 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ca631459a9b160ee0bb22fd7b2ad8008f32423172075f5a31d561c6ceef9b112", "meanings": [ "轻蔑", "蔑视" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼をひどく軽蔑している。", "zh": "我非常轻蔑他。" }, { "ja": "彼は軽蔑したように唇をゆがめた。", "zh": "他轻蔑地撇了撇嘴。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/afccc3e42c", "JMdict ent_seq 1252860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f36f84ebcc73caf9b50967e4c6eedac9205e4308206c2a8f20bfe4ece20f3183", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1f71194201", "word": "経歴", "reading": "けいれき", "romaji": "keireki", "meanings": [ "personal history", "career" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1251690, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はビジネスの経歴がある。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はビジネスの{経歴|けいれき}がある。", "en": "He has a background in business.", "tatoeba_id": 111179 }, { "ja": "彼女は素晴らしい経歴を持っている。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{素晴|すば}らしい{経歴|けいれき}を{持|も}っている。", "en": "She has had a magnificent career.", "tatoeba_id": 88204 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b1295fb8ca8a6a9b12d46d2a450b107812df7f0dbf3f74953eecbd8267ae0874", "meanings": [ "经历", "履历" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はビジネスの経歴がある。", "zh": "他有商业方面的经历。" }, { "ja": "彼女は素晴らしい経歴を持っている。", "zh": "她拥有出色的履历。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1f71194201", "JMdict ent_seq 1251690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8926d200fe4fc7260072e42aa4193bfdba643f230b3fd10f516ac81774f0d9e1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "578664e5a2", "word": "経路", "reading": "けいろ", "romaji": "keiro", "meanings": [ "course", "route", "channel" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1251700, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は１人で飛ぶことに慣れていた。そして彼は想像の中で何度もこの経路を飛んでいたのだ。", "en": "He was accustomed to flying alone, and he had flown this route in his imagination many times.", "tatoeba_id": 115237 }, { "ja": "もっとも重要なことは、脳にはこれらの解剖学的組織を結合する全体的な再入経路が必要である。", "en": "Most important of all, the brain needs global reentry pathways connecting these anatomical structures.", "tatoeba_id": 193333 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e8c7dee76543cf1ffd9b422ad94d452ce7dc3437ff0e169d9bdca3b023e8a3dd", "meanings": [ "路径", "路线" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は１人で飛ぶことに慣れていた。そして彼は想像の中で何度もこの経路を飛んでいたのだ。", "zh": "他习惯独自飞行，而且在想象中已经多次飞过这条路线。" }, { "ja": "もっとも重要なことは、脳にはこれらの解剖学的組織を結合する全体的な再入経路が必要である。", "zh": "最重要的是，大脑需要连接这些解剖结构的整体再入路径。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/578664e5a2", "JMdict ent_seq 1251700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "297a7adbb4e72988b18af35b4ee51231d7f985da90b9465d36341fc5641086b3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fc259785af", "word": "汚す", "reading": "けがす", "romaji": "kegasu", "meanings": [ "to disgrace", "to dishonour" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1178960, "examples": [ { "ja": "名誉を汚す行為は許されない。", "en": "Conduct that dishonors someone is unacceptable." }, { "ja": "彼は神聖な場所を汚した。", "en": "He desecrated the sacred place." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6bc87d404f2139f2c66dfd00d987ec8be2f9bbe0c01e6c04e6fff58c1be5e43b", "meanings": [ "玷污", "损害" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "名誉を汚す行為は許されない。", "zh": "玷污名誉的行为不可容许。" }, { "ja": "彼は神聖な場所を汚した。", "zh": "他亵渎了神圣的场所。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fc259785af", "JMdict ent_seq 1178960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f7eaed4f97ea969c6b2e6100bfb7cbb1cd155f80e2e8d7525d4a37cbf6a5be27", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d3c748f3ba", "word": "汚らわしい", "reading": "けがらわしい", "romaji": "kegarawashii", "meanings": [ "filthy", "unfair" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1178980, "examples": [ { "ja": "そんな汚らわしい話をするのはやめて。", "furigana": "そんな{汚|けが}らわしい{話|はなし}をするのはやめて。", "en": "Stop telling those filthy stories.", "tatoeba_id": 204172 }, { "ja": "汚らわしい言葉を使わないで。", "en": "Do not use such filthy language." }, { "ja": "その卑劣な行為を汚らわしく感じた。", "en": "I found the vile act repulsive." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ea36beb0a3014eb268712c03569efc60c829ce3bac8bad8b6db34a1cdc4e24bf", "meanings": [ "肮脏", "卑劣" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そんな汚らわしい話をするのはやめて。", "zh": "别说那种肮脏的话。" }, { "ja": "汚らわしい言葉を使わないで。", "zh": "不要使用那种肮脏的语言。" }, { "ja": "その卑劣な行為を汚らわしく感じた。", "zh": "我觉得那卑劣的行为令人厌恶。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d3c748f3ba", "JMdict ent_seq 1178980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9b0860f6c82ad5d9457a55c31d189bc03b3dedabd7b83e41f65802d76613a172", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "eb830c293c", "word": "汚れ", "reading": "けがれ", "romaji": "kegare", "meanings": [ "uncleanness", "impurity", "disgrace" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1178990, "examples": [ { "ja": "お父さんの破産は家名の汚れでした。", "furigana": "お{父|とう}さんの{破産|はさん}は{家名|かめい}の{汚|けが}れでした。", "en": "Father's bankruptcy was a blot on the family's reputation.", "tatoeba_id": 74559 }, { "ja": "心の汚れを反省する。", "en": "Reflect on the impurities of one’s heart." }, { "ja": "名誉の汚れをすすぐ。", "en": "Clear a stain on one’s honor." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e2bc444785929d7fdd217df0a616b775f89cea80eb5ff77c176b48adad9d8816", "meanings": [ "污点", "不洁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "お父さんの破産は家名の汚れでした。", "zh": "父亲破产给家族名誉留下了污点。" }, { "ja": "心の汚れを反省する。", "zh": "反省心灵中的污点。" }, { "ja": "名誉の汚れをすすぐ。", "zh": "洗刷名誉上的污点。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/eb830c293c", "JMdict ent_seq 1178990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "45f4e9f5a03eb90b9cb5542d7a3110a7898abd2fa7742be023102b2b9d626299", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8e53bced4f", "word": "劇団", "reading": "げきだん", "romaji": "gekidan", "meanings": [ "troupe", "theatrical company" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1253450, "examples": [ { "ja": "その劇団は３幕ものの劇を上演した。", "furigana": "その{劇団|げきだん}は３{幕|まく}ものの{劇|げき}を{上演|じょうえん}した。", "en": "The company presented a three-act play.", "tatoeba_id": 211149 }, { "ja": "ロイヤルシェイクスペア劇団は来週「ベニスの商人」を上演することになっている。", "furigana": "ロイヤルシェイクスペア{劇団|げきだん}は{来週|らいしゅう}「ベニスの{商人|しょうにん}」を{上演|じょうえん}することになっている。", "en": "The Royal Shakespeare Company is presenting The Merchant of Venice next week.", "tatoeba_id": 192305 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e8107cdb1f7ad8e93a57ddc2d7d35492f06a0586a4caa144d884f1e272b08d78", "meanings": [ "剧团" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その劇団は３幕ものの劇を上演した。", "zh": "那个剧团上演了一部三幕剧。" }, { "ja": "ロイヤルシェイクスペア劇団は来週「ベニスの商人」を上演することになっている。", "zh": "皇家莎士比亚剧团下周将上演《威尼斯商人》。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8e53bced4f", "JMdict ent_seq 1253450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d415dda0836fa1519b488543e9f8d739a0378c6d5abfaa92f5fd8e39e0858201", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7197c6d07a", "word": "激励", "reading": "げきれい", "romaji": "gekirei", "meanings": [ "encouragement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1253760, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの激励の言葉に励まされました。", "furigana": "あなたの{激励|げきれい}の{言葉|ことば}に{励|はげ}まされました。", "en": "Your words of encouragement meant a lot to me.", "tatoeba_id": 233364 }, { "ja": "あなたの激励がなかったら、この計画は諦めていたでしょうね。", "furigana": "あなたの{激励|げきれい}がなかったら、この{計画|けいかく}は{諦|あきら}めていたでしょうね。", "en": "Without your encouragement, I should have given up the plan.", "tatoeba_id": 233365 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3e9e29ad4fa9c7d8abdc2fe5c83dca457c3b794f65744142db63a5965d3184c8", "meanings": [ "激励", "鼓励" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの激励の言葉に励まされました。", "zh": "您的鼓励话语给了我力量。" }, { "ja": "あなたの激励がなかったら、この計画は諦めていたでしょうね。", "zh": "没有您的鼓励，我恐怕已经放弃这个计划了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7197c6d07a", "JMdict ent_seq 1253760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e1514fa4d9c410eec284c77b75f2f1d51ed080211c370674c8fc903fe873e30a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "914c5e15b1", "word": "ゲスト", "reading": "ゲスト", "romaji": "gesuto", "meanings": [ "guest" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1048550, "examples": [ { "ja": "その部屋のゲストは２０人いた。", "en": "The guests in the room were twenty in number.", "tatoeba_id": 206978 }, { "ja": "ゲストを会場に案内した。", "en": "I guided the guest to the venue." }, { "ja": "特別なゲストが出演する。", "en": "A special guest will appear." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8af3085159a945bd1083069240157e081f3dd1f4c453fe977117726982e35898", "meanings": [ "来宾", "客人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その部屋のゲストは２０人いた。", "zh": "那个房间里有二十位客人。" }, { "ja": "ゲストを会場に案内した。", "zh": "我把来宾领到会场。" }, { "ja": "特別なゲストが出演する。", "zh": "一位特别嘉宾将出演。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/914c5e15b1", "JMdict ent_seq 1048550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b4892b5fe5cca837c9f87462aa747b994f1cdc3802c2612911baef4196e5cb41", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0f9f515d94", "word": "獣", "reading": "けだもの", "romaji": "kedamono", "meanings": [ "beast", "brute" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1335590, "examples": [ { "ja": "原始人はどう猛な獣を見ておびえた。", "en": "The primitive man was frightened at the sight of a savage beast.", "tatoeba_id": 175007 }, { "ja": "人間は、考え、話すことができるという点で、獣と違う。", "furigana": "{人間|にんげん}は、{考|かんが}え、{話|はな}すことができるという{点|てん}で、{獣|けだもの}と{違|ちが}う。", "en": "Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speak.", "tatoeba_id": 144332 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "12a37d4a0e8dd753dbbe7fe665d25dd7b2a43bfd256b0023240231ac1c3c7794", "meanings": [ "野兽", "兽" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "原始人はどう猛な獣を見ておびえた。", "zh": "原始人看到凶猛的野兽感到害怕。" }, { "ja": "人間は、考え、話すことができるという点で、獣と違う。", "zh": "人与野兽不同之处在于能够思考和说话。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0f9f515d94", "JMdict ent_seq 1335590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "573ec56efe7cc2af3bdf65c198467b7ece6ae92b42b96a76d6783d3eed4909be", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d777353b7e", "word": "傑", "reading": "けつ", "romaji": "ketsu", "meanings": [ "excellence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 2836694, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は十傑に選ばれた。", "en": "He was selected among the top ten." }, { "ja": "歴史上の傑と呼ばれる。", "en": "He is called one of history’s greats." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "90a3bc6731e71ea4a32317e0e7e7d027cc057fa1c9149e8df062ae9cd9edda41", "meanings": [ "杰出", "优秀" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は十傑に選ばれた。", "zh": "他被选入十杰。" }, { "ja": "歴史上の傑と呼ばれる。", "zh": "他被称为历史上的杰出人物。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d777353b7e", "JMdict ent_seq 2836694; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1d1df01186f5bddcea8f546d240c513bde7856b4d2eb74e0410d7f62b3cad8f3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0023032732", "word": "決意", "reading": "けつい", "romaji": "ketsui", "meanings": [ "decision", "determination" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1254220, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は私に自分の決意を知らせてくれた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{私|わたし}に{自分|じぶん}の{決意|けつい}を{知|し}らせてくれた。", "en": "She informed me of her decision.", "tatoeba_id": 89499 }, { "ja": "父と話し合って、転職を決意した。", "furigana": "{父|ちち}と{話|はな}し{合|あ}って、{転職|てんしょく}を{決意|けつい}した。", "en": "I discussed it with my father and decided to change my job.", "tatoeba_id": 84827 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "259f66d56671e87757e8888459fd3238f7d8ce1553c670f3cde22bb100243bee", "meanings": [ "决心", "决定" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は私に自分の決意を知らせてくれた。", "zh": "她告诉了我她的决心。" }, { "ja": "父と話し合って、転職を決意した。", "zh": "和父亲商量之后，我决定换工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0023032732", "JMdict ent_seq 1254220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f58c8b5c2f1aa2e5a548cab20900ef52403de2feee9500e11f85703e638bf9a0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a0f10b94be", "word": "結核", "reading": "けっかく", "romaji": "kekkaku", "meanings": [ "tuberculosis", "tubercule" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1254710, "examples": [ { "ja": "何年か前には、結核にかかっていると知らされることは死の宣告を聞くのに等しかった。", "furigana": "{何年|なんねん}か{前|まえ}には、{結核|けっかく}にかかっていると{知|し}らされることは{死|し}の{宣告|せんこく}を{聞|き}くのに{等|ひと}しかった。", "en": "Some years ago, learning that one had tuberculosis amounted to hearing a sentence of death.", "tatoeba_id": 187328 }, { "ja": "結核の検査を受けた。", "en": "I was tested for tuberculosis." }, { "ja": "結核の治療を続けている。", "en": "She is continuing treatment for tuberculosis." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7e5b7d3326b75877646070665d2d80914a2328a3910dfb623e119628173156e8", "meanings": [ "肺结核" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "何年か前には、結核にかかっていると知らされることは死の宣告を聞くのに等しかった。", "zh": "多年前，被告知患了结核病等同于听到死刑宣判。" }, { "ja": "結核の検査を受けた。", "zh": "我接受了结核病检查。" }, { "ja": "結核の治療を続けている。", "zh": "她正在继续接受结核病治疗。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a0f10b94be", "JMdict ent_seq 1254710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0832c6ee9c8ad98d37f8ec2337f7252540b2d5ca4e4ecf635a70cb7dd86abce5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "abf31d2e6d", "word": "血管", "reading": "けっかん", "romaji": "kekkan", "meanings": [ "blood vessel" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1255180, "examples": [ { "ja": "切れた血管から血がどくどくと流れ出た。", "furigana": "{切|き}れた{血管|けっかん}から{血|ち}がどくどくと{流|なが}れ{出|で}た。", "en": "Blood poured from the cut vein.", "tatoeba_id": 142113 }, { "ja": "血は血管の中を流れる。", "furigana": "{血|ち}は{血管|けっかん}の{中|なか}を{流|なが}れる。", "en": "Blood runs in the veins.", "tatoeba_id": 175712 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "012eec54ca5c9612ebbbcb7369b177af915a73b015f298a7e890c33aca7fe59b", "meanings": [ "血管" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "切れた血管から血がどくどくと流れ出た。", "zh": "血从破裂的血管中汩汩流出。" }, { "ja": "血は血管の中を流れる。", "zh": "血液在血管里流动。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/abf31d2e6d", "JMdict ent_seq 1255180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9bbe6245405fa1f7bf6d48e58be1ada4d39f84df58eadb62ab62a3ddf8e96a28", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "635298ff5d", "word": "決議", "reading": "けつぎ", "romaji": "ketsugi", "meanings": [ "resolution", "vote", "decision" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1254240, "examples": [ { "ja": "その集会はいかなる核武装にも抗議することを決議した。", "furigana": "その{集会|しゅうかい}はいかなる{核武装|かくぶそう}にも{抗議|こうぎ}することを{決議|けつぎ}した。", "en": "The assembly voted to protest against any nuclear armament.", "tatoeba_id": 209433 }, { "ja": "私は委員会の決議を支持した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{委員会|いいんかい}の{決議|けつぎ}を{支持|しじ}した。", "en": "I supported the committee's decision.", "tatoeba_id": 158525 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8b06c47bb7e0900a72693a233ec65fb83126e8c8592866da67ef451c77bcd678", "meanings": [ "决议", "表决" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その集会はいかなる核武装にも抗議することを決議した。", "zh": "集会决定抗议任何核武装。" }, { "ja": "私は委員会の決議を支持した。", "zh": "我支持委员会的决议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/635298ff5d", "JMdict ent_seq 1254240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "34b0478846f1629d6b8a3feb23a324f581f2f3b2be8f65a0ab5465331650fab3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d6fa203e33", "word": "決行", "reading": "けっこう", "romaji": "kekkou", "meanings": [ "doing (with resolve)", "carrying out (i.e. a plan)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1254250, "examples": [ { "ja": "その会社の労働者はストを決行した。", "furigana": "その{会社|かいしゃ}の{労働者|ろうどうしゃ}はストを{決行|けっこう}した。", "en": "Workers at the company went on a strike.", "tatoeba_id": 211841 }, { "ja": "少年たちは「万難を排して決行しましょう」と言った。", "en": "The young men said that they would do it despite all of the difficulties.", "tatoeba_id": 81094 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1828f908ca63c8e51963d5d51a38fd4cae4b528338391932afa82499f201c0ae", "meanings": [ "坚决实行" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その会社の労働者はストを決行した。", "zh": "那家公司的工人举行了罢工。" }, { "ja": "少年たちは「万難を排して決行しましょう」と言った。", "zh": "男孩们说：“排除万难执行吧。”" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d6fa203e33", "JMdict ent_seq 1254250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f4af681fc050380aad4608e3740c4925c693321855f9eea350db5ade36ae2e62", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2c50c4ff4a", "word": "結合", "reading": "けつごう", "romaji": "ketsugou", "meanings": [ "combination", "union" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1254770, "examples": [ { "ja": "これらの州は結合して１つの国になった。", "furigana": "これらの{州|しゅう}は{結合|けつごう}して１つの{国|くに}になった。", "en": "These states were united into one nation.", "tatoeba_id": 217875 }, { "ja": "水素と酸素が結合して水になるのです。", "furigana": "{水素|すいそ}と{酸素|さんそ}が{結合|けつごう}して{水|みず}になるのです。", "en": "Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.", "tatoeba_id": 143668 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "63291227723115bc3cf1d55349c1bff8509f52932bb1ceadfe8af1d0b75a3087", "meanings": [ "结合" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これらの州は結合して１つの国になった。", "zh": "这些州联合成了一个国家。" }, { "ja": "水素と酸素が結合して水になるのです。", "zh": "氢与氧结合形成水。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2c50c4ff4a", "JMdict ent_seq 1254770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "aa6c1e93eb49ecb8205e04c613e28e111dd38e8f02322df8464294b0452d16fd", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "174eaed3df", "word": "決算", "reading": "けっさん", "romaji": "kessan", "meanings": [ "balance sheet", "settlement of accounts" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1254290, "examples": [ { "ja": "その会社は毎年３月に決算をする。", "en": "The company closes its books at the end of March.", "tatoeba_id": 211759 }, { "ja": "水増し決算の噂で株価は上がりませんでした。", "furigana": "{水増|みずま}し{決算|けっさん}の{噂|うわさ}で{株価|かぶか}は{上|あ}がりませんでした。", "en": "The stock got creamed when they got wind of the dilution.", "tatoeba_id": 143663 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "94b7a43192ab051d8a8426289537019973e696e9c0ef43d47e4b65ef930abe29", "meanings": [ "结算", "决算" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その会社は毎年３月に決算をする。", "zh": "那家公司每年三月进行决算。" }, { "ja": "水増し決算の噂で株価は上がりませんでした。", "zh": "因为虚报财务结果的传闻，股价没有上涨。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/174eaed3df", "JMdict ent_seq 1254290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2d922b95f0a585b3719b14e08b846fb645330513d757fcc75cb148c228a7d403", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c914c38ecd", "word": "月謝", "reading": "げっしゃ", "romaji": "gessha", "meanings": [ "monthly tuition fee" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1255690, "examples": [ { "ja": "このスイミングスクールの毎月の月謝はいくらですか。", "en": "How much is the monthly fee of this swimming school?", "tatoeba_id": 223672 }, { "ja": "ピアノの月謝ちょうだい。", "furigana": "ピアノの{月謝|げっしゃ}ちょうだい。", "en": "Could I have money for my piano lesson?", "tatoeba_id": 197722 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7e3088ffce5586db84de09786abb6f302aa4c56d61e2bad88e111361ac257a1f", "meanings": [ "月学费" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このスイミングスクールの毎月の月謝はいくらですか。", "zh": "这家游泳学校每月的学费是多少？" }, { "ja": "ピアノの月謝ちょうだい。", "zh": "把钢琴课的月费给我。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c914c38ecd", "JMdict ent_seq 1255690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5109b47fbf1996d31492017ca6473c60c010272cf56390f5f7a17d83c99b2e7e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8f082e1c23", "word": "決勝", "reading": "けっしょう", "romaji": "kesshou", "meanings": [ "decision of a contest", "finals (in sports)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1254320, "examples": [ { "ja": "決勝まで残った走者は５人だった。", "en": "Five runners reached the finals.", "tatoeba_id": 175914 }, { "ja": "そのチームは準決勝に勝って決勝に進出した。", "furigana": "そのチームは{準決勝|じゅんけっしょう}に{勝|か}って{決勝|けっしょう}に{進出|しんしゅつ}した。", "en": "The team won the semifinals and advanced to the finals.", "tatoeba_id": 212973 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6b3c551637130fad7b8c84b991db9b569c51804c07a6718f5e028f34175a2bc5", "meanings": [ "决赛" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "決勝まで残った走者は５人だった。", "zh": "进入决赛的跑者有五人。" }, { "ja": "そのチームは準決勝に勝って決勝に進出した。", "zh": "那支队伍赢得半决赛，进入决赛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8f082e1c23", "JMdict ent_seq 1254320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "27991965587014b835198af149b425e492284ce3bcc754b6cdaaca219e181ca4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "02f10efa6a", "word": "結晶", "reading": "けっしょう", "romaji": "kesshou", "meanings": [ "crystal", "crystallization" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1254870, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は海水から塩を結晶させて取り出した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{海水|かいすい}から{塩|しお}を{結晶|けっしょう}させて{取|と}り{出|だ}した。", "en": "He crystallized salt from seawater.", "tatoeba_id": 109000 }, { "ja": "あのかわいい赤ちゃんは彼らの愛の結晶です。", "en": "That cute baby is the fruit of their love.", "tatoeba_id": 231345 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bd0fc26d8474a90373fd90325fe7cae2b557a4ad71c2c003be5457022c7e7777", "meanings": [ "结晶", "成果" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は海水から塩を結晶させて取り出した。", "zh": "他从海水中结晶提取了盐。" }, { "ja": "あのかわいい赤ちゃんは彼らの愛の結晶です。", "zh": "那个可爱的婴儿是他们爱情的结晶。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/02f10efa6a", "JMdict ent_seq 1254870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4d84cc6370613cc050a5f756ad8cf58d3bfa24655c7a0828b0878ab34d8c4d9a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "29904e38b1", "word": "結成", "reading": "けっせい", "romaji": "kessei", "meanings": [ "formation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1254900, "examples": [ { "ja": "ボート競技に参加する為に新チームが結成された。", "en": "A new team was formed in order to take part in the boat race.", "tatoeba_id": 196538 }, { "ja": "彼らは、アメリカ退職者協会という独自の全国組織を結成している。", "en": "They have formed their own nationwide association, the American Association of Retired Persons.", "tatoeba_id": 98373 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1a5e81df2fbf59cd3550e1570c0b4e6966d2ee712a1653305a4d9810fbb3823c", "meanings": [ "组成", "成立" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ボート競技に参加する為に新チームが結成された。", "zh": "为了参加划船比赛，成立了一支新队伍。" }, { "ja": "彼らは、アメリカ退職者協会という独自の全国組織を結成している。", "zh": "他们成立了自己的全国性组织，叫美国退休人员协会。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/29904e38b1", "JMdict ent_seq 1254900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7242f5aa537b43a6c0d311d8e1fa284ea627834279619ec98ee8c413a25d9c9c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4b3b320d8a", "word": "結束", "reading": "けっそく", "romaji": "kessoku", "meanings": [ "union", "unity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1254930, "examples": [ { "ja": "仲間が結束して困難に立ち向かう。", "en": "The group unites to face difficulties." }, { "ja": "部品を紐で結束した。", "en": "I bound the parts together with string." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8b44ef300c788125541e6813af85a95494a94528dfe808bfcbaf9d6a4467cb87", "meanings": [ "团结", "捆绑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "仲間が結束して困難に立ち向かう。", "zh": "伙伴们团结起来面对困难。" }, { "ja": "部品を紐で結束した。", "zh": "我用绳子把零件捆在一起。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4b3b320d8a", "JMdict ent_seq 1254930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "82cdde53506fa584a6998589415aa41865fd5c80a316a9762ba88d27ef9966bf", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d7246d0f6f", "word": "げっそり", "reading": "げっそり", "romaji": "gessori", "meanings": [ "being disheartened", "losing weight" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adv-to", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1004250, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女、しばらく見ない間にげっそりと痩せちゃったけど、何か大きな病気でもしたのかな。", "en": "She's become very thin in the long time since I last saw her. I wonder if she's fallen seriously ill or something.", "tatoeba_id": 1466018 }, { "ja": "忙しさでげっそりやせた。", "en": "I lost a lot of weight from being busy." }, { "ja": "失敗を聞いてげっそりした。", "en": "I was disheartened to hear of the failure." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d599f21eca2379562ada8c5469edfbb9ec9bfcfe0d32a9353eb5525d5e672a11", "meanings": [ "消瘦", "沮丧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女、しばらく見ない間にげっそりと痩せちゃったけど、何か大きな病気でもしたのかな。", "zh": "一段时间没见，她瘦得很厉害，不知道是不是生了重病。" }, { "ja": "忙しさでげっそりやせた。", "zh": "因为忙碌而瘦了很多。" }, { "ja": "失敗を聞いてげっそりした。", "zh": "听到失败的消息，我十分沮丧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d7246d0f6f", "JMdict ent_seq 1004250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "870406c5216be2e18f9335706c9e3f325a5f48f5f5b06fe094c9886e72ac5910", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "caf7c2157f", "word": "決断", "reading": "けつだん", "romaji": "ketsudan", "meanings": [ "decision", "determination" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1254370, "examples": [ { "ja": "決断の日は近い。", "furigana": "{決断|けつだん}の{日|ひ}は{近|ちか}い。", "en": "The day of decision is at hand.", "tatoeba_id": 175904 }, { "ja": "私はそう決断せざるを得ない。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はそう{決断|けつだん}せざるを{得|え}ない。", "en": "I cannot help deciding so.", "tatoeba_id": 160453 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2e9d4d462b5b988c43ab15f0c88793f7d9500b36df49603accc978e128e6d4e4", "meanings": [ "决断", "决定" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "決断の日は近い。", "zh": "作出决定的日子近了。" }, { "ja": "私はそう決断せざるを得ない。", "zh": "我不得不那样决定。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/caf7c2157f", "JMdict ent_seq 1254370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a753cb2f2958d372abc8f9b76b0b97154ce76fbaf7071cc9f7283ba703636526", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c9307c08c4", "word": "月賦", "reading": "げっぷ", "romaji": "geppu", "meanings": [ "monthly installment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1255800, "examples": [ { "ja": "このテレビを月賦で買った。", "furigana": "このテレビを{月賦|げっぷ}で{買|か}った。", "en": "I bought this TV on the installment plan.", "tatoeba_id": 223492 }, { "ja": "月賦によって人々は昔よりたくさんのものを購入できる。", "furigana": "{月賦|げっぷ}によって{人々|ひとびと}は{昔|むかし}よりたくさんのものを{購入|こうにゅう}できる。", "en": "By means of monthly payments, people can purchase more than in the past.", "tatoeba_id": 175613 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ff8495160649eacce05a79df2b85c1d0fa2dbdea4e5c13b32bed1f8db84ba051", "meanings": [ "按月分期付款" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このテレビを月賦で買った。", "zh": "这台电视是按月分期付款买的。" }, { "ja": "月賦によって人々は昔よりたくさんのものを購入できる。", "zh": "按月分期让人们能比过去买更多东西。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c9307c08c4", "JMdict ent_seq 1255800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b5ecca22220bcd4cd7d6cfe844af43e84fb20027b6e0b3c2bc1cf2bf3062fc76", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0bdbaf26a4", "word": "欠乏", "reading": "けつぼう", "romaji": "ketsubou", "meanings": [ "want", "shortage", "famine" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1254100, "examples": [ { "ja": "知識は欠乏しており、知恵はさらに乏しい。", "furigana": "{知識|ちしき}は{欠乏|けつぼう}しており、{知恵|ちえ}はさらに{乏|とぼ}しい。", "en": "Knowledge is scarce; wisdom is scarcer.", "tatoeba_id": 127046 }, { "ja": "戦争は不足と欠乏の時代を招いた。", "furigana": "{戦争|せんそう}は{不足|ふそく}と{欠乏|けつぼう}の{時代|じだい}を{招|まね}いた。", "en": "The war ushered in a period of shortages and deprivation.", "tatoeba_id": 141254 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a31e57ca4e4372cca550debae217273f8169424850da5c3b5d33bf3d05754438", "meanings": [ "缺乏", "不足" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "知識は欠乏しており、知恵はさらに乏しい。", "zh": "知识不足，智慧更少。" }, { "ja": "戦争は不足と欠乏の時代を招いた。", "zh": "战争带来了物资短缺和匮乏的时代。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0bdbaf26a4", "JMdict ent_seq 1254100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4ecd88d96c6a5c6033de2a944e0e4f0b779cb4e6a9954f01a65a681be2f8857e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8271f16ab7", "word": "蹴飛ばす", "reading": "けとばす", "romaji": "ketobasu", "meanings": [ "to kick away", "to kick off", "to kick (someone)", "to refuse", "to reject" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1333440, "examples": [ { "ja": "ごめん！蹴飛ばすつもりじゃなかったんだ。", "furigana": "ごめん！{蹴飛|けと}ばすつもりじゃなかったんだ。", "en": "I'm so sorry. I didn't mean to kick you.", "tatoeba_id": 219078 }, { "ja": "彼はちょっと立ち止まって小石を蹴飛ばした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はちょっと{立|た}ち{止|ど}まって{小石|こいし}を{蹴飛|けと}ばした。", "en": "He stopped a moment to kick a rock.", "tatoeba_id": 111918 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "94f911ff5ad4c312fe148c68f7b6b157af77a63f190a714da9b3786502e21892", "meanings": [ "踢开", "拒绝" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ごめん！蹴飛ばすつもりじゃなかったんだ。", "zh": "对不起！我不是故意踢你的。" }, { "ja": "彼はちょっと立ち止まって小石を蹴飛ばした。", "zh": "他稍微停了停，踢飞了一颗小石子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8271f16ab7", "JMdict ent_seq 1333440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0fe361e67202dd0ec729e72fcba07d318bbd2f13df4bdadae2637be2c90452a4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0c0bb5782e", "word": "貶す", "reading": "けなす", "romaji": "kenasu", "meanings": [ "to speak ill of" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1573120, "examples": [ { "ja": "君は、いつも私の服をけなすのだから。", "en": "You are always digging at me about my clothes.", "tatoeba_id": 177996 }, { "ja": "彼らは、トムの新しい理論をけなしている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは、トムの{新|あたら}しい{理論|りろん}をけなしている。", "en": "They are crying down Tom's new theory.", "tatoeba_id": 98364 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a365341ceafc98f182ae8c6407c46f8ea7891343e4d556aeb0e39c982246dab5", "meanings": [ "贬低", "说坏话" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "君は、いつも私の服をけなすのだから。", "zh": "因为你总是贬低我的衣服。" }, { "ja": "彼らは、トムの新しい理論をけなしている。", "zh": "他们正在贬低汤姆的新理论。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0c0bb5782e", "JMdict ent_seq 1573120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f571b273cf1e6adf9abb974fc7c176b63508b13f80d7961a860446d1c355ed74", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "35911d87d2", "word": "煙たい", "reading": "けむたい", "romaji": "kemutai", "meanings": [ "smoky", "feeling awkward" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1177200, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの人は煙たい。", "furigana": "あの{人|ひと}は{煙|けむ}たい。", "en": "I feel awkward in his presence.", "tatoeba_id": 230728 }, { "ja": "煙たくて、困っています。", "furigana": "{煙|けむ}たくて、{困|こま}っています。", "en": "I can't be around smoke.", "tatoeba_id": 188758 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "773a39b1e4cf2c354efce5998060441957cc6375c30d80be8bcadbe26f854ec0", "meanings": [ "烟雾呛人", "难以相处" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの人は煙たい。", "zh": "那个人让人觉得难以亲近。" }, { "ja": "煙たくて、困っています。", "zh": "烟太呛人，让人难受。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/35911d87d2", "JMdict ent_seq 1177200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ddc2dd79920627e64073627e545072f916baad830299aa55289efb28dec18754", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "105af9d2f8", "word": "煙る", "reading": "けむる", "romaji": "kemuru", "meanings": [ "to smoke (e.g. fire)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1177220, "examples": [ { "ja": "タバコで煙った空気を部屋から出して、新鮮な空気を入れてちょうだい。", "en": "Let this smoky air out of the room and let some fresh air in.", "tatoeba_id": 203443 }, { "ja": "山が霧に煙っている。", "en": "The mountain is hazy in the mist." }, { "ja": "遠くで火が煙っていた。", "en": "A fire was smoldering in the distance." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "65f8b8a29e734d8d4fcd93e7566d44082667364147f4828c3b09c4a729d1b255", "meanings": [ "冒烟", "朦胧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "タバコで煙った空気を部屋から出して、新鮮な空気を入れてちょうだい。", "zh": "请把屋里烟雾弥漫的空气排出去，换进新鲜空气。" }, { "ja": "山が霧に煙っている。", "zh": "山在雾中显得朦胧。" }, { "ja": "遠くで火が煙っていた。", "zh": "远处的火冒着烟。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/105af9d2f8", "JMdict ent_seq 1177220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9c7e12f676d79810999e901047b2ed99447d633f6c696dcd0071f4b9d02118ef", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9123d7528a", "word": "家来", "reading": "けらい", "romaji": "kerai", "meanings": [ "retainer", "retinue", "servant" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1192530, "examples": [ { "ja": "家来が主君に仕えた。", "en": "The retainer served his lord." }, { "ja": "王は家来を呼んだ。", "en": "The king summoned his retainers." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "537a29e50ee33108055997a50d0490586976e7b284b01f9b806f14a839ab1b72", "meanings": [ "家臣", "随从" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "家来が主君に仕えた。", "zh": "家臣侍奉主君。" }, { "ja": "王は家来を呼んだ。", "zh": "国王召来了家臣。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9123d7528a", "JMdict ent_seq 1192530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2ef0f7561e57a1548c7e92eadbc3a90de2eadffb65d8fc1949c1bd374903ba88", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a6365397b9", "word": "下痢", "reading": "げり", "romaji": "geri", "meanings": [ "diarrhoea" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1186540, "examples": [ { "ja": "下痢止めです。", "furigana": "{下痢|げり}{止|ど}めです。", "en": "Here's some medicine for diarrhea.", "tatoeba_id": 188211 }, { "ja": "下痢をしています。", "furigana": "{下痢|げり}をしています。", "en": "I have diarrhea.", "tatoeba_id": 188212 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7ac7e112a1ed837cbc324b055f833d9fff6d8bdb4c3dad9f419e7ced0fddbd78", "meanings": [ "腹泻" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "下痢止めです。", "zh": "这是止泻药。" }, { "ja": "下痢をしています。", "zh": "我正在腹泻。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a6365397b9", "JMdict ent_seq 1186540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9526b506055f26fedd19fd75b06f31d8e1b4ca712fae06aa73b741056ec0d8f4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "578447ed67", "word": "乾", "reading": "けん", "romaji": "ken", "meanings": [ "heaven", "emperor" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1577540, "examples": [ { "ja": "乾は八卦の一つで天を表す。", "en": "Qian is one of the eight trigrams and represents heaven." }, { "ja": "易で乾の意味を学んだ。", "en": "I learned the meaning of qian in the Book of Changes." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7b78fc118e1179b37fbd05eeaa484b410a6692f9d246a9af8e4c6e4200a9adcf", "meanings": [ "乾卦", "天" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "乾は八卦の一つで天を表す。", "zh": "乾是八卦之一，代表天。" }, { "ja": "易で乾の意味を学んだ。", "zh": "我学习了《易》中乾的含义。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/578447ed67", "JMdict ent_seq 1577540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4293de8968af4be9c871b7849963ee9d81a08c7a1c472b2aa050e1b24eef737c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "110ff82b7a", "word": "圏", "reading": "けん", "romaji": "ken", "meanings": [ "sphere", "circle", "range" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1257080, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女のイントネーションから推すに少女時代はスペイン語圏に住んでいたと思われる。", "en": "You can tell by her intonation that she lived in a Spanish speaking country when she was young.", "tatoeba_id": 94742 }, { "ja": "通勤圏に住んでいる。", "en": "I live within commuting distance." }, { "ja": "首都圏の人口を調べた。", "en": "I examined the population of the capital region." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a6cfdf73a515145b0b7e05cf52187400f12d7ea35970d1471ce5ac34fcd486b8", "meanings": [ "圈", "范围" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女のイントネーションから推すに少女時代はスペイン語圏に住んでいたと思われる。", "zh": "从她的语调判断，她少女时代似乎住在西班牙语地区。" }, { "ja": "通勤圏に住んでいる。", "zh": "我住在通勤圈内。" }, { "ja": "首都圏の人口を調べた。", "zh": "我调查了首都圈的人口。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/110ff82b7a", "JMdict ent_seq 1257080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1c35c014d1e3d0c47b63177c95e91d0907a17bcc6c50269b91aba1aa5d47823a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3182bddbf5", "word": "権", "reading": "けん", "romaji": "ken", "meanings": [ "authority", "the right (to do something)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n-suf", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1258080, "examples": [ { "ja": "息子は二人とも王位継承権があると主張した。", "en": "Both sons pretended to the throne.", "tatoeba_id": 139911 }, { "ja": "問題は子供の引き取り権だった。", "furigana": "{問題|もんだい}は{子供|こども}の{引|ひ}き{取|と}り{権|けん}だった。", "en": "But custody of the children was a problem.", "tatoeba_id": 79828 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "11dd13499bad8877b79d60169721dd8b0b610a8c764430a9b92974395a4ade8c", "meanings": [ "权利", "权力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "息子は二人とも王位継承権があると主張した。", "zh": "两个儿子都声称拥有王位继承权。" }, { "ja": "問題は子供の引き取り権だった。", "zh": "问题是孩子的监护权。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3182bddbf5", "JMdict ent_seq 1258080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "de78510a5160b2901b82a02130d21735db01353692c552a8dea0cb351c57b9aa", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "19bf853f89", "word": "原", "reading": "げん", "romaji": "gen", "meanings": [ "original", "primitive", "primary", "fundamental", "raw" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1261130, "examples": [ { "ja": "原液を水で薄める。", "en": "Dilute the original solution with water." }, { "ja": "原形を保っている。", "en": "It retains its original form." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2b643189a2c51ea05478e433782eadb8497688b8400848a8eee1bf41c6182cc0", "meanings": [ "原", "最初的" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "原液を水で薄める。", "zh": "用水稀释原液。" }, { "ja": "原形を保っている。", "zh": "保持着原来的形态。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/19bf853f89", "JMdict ent_seq 1261130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bf2970de9e13520dea8b23bda47a7f83b434a21a5575859e6055a8d744ff4670", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3999ef3eb7", "word": "権威", "reading": "けんい", "romaji": "ken'i", "meanings": [ "authority", "power", "influence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1258090, "examples": [ { "ja": "学生たちは権威に反抗した。", "furigana": "{学生|がくせい}たちは{権威|けんい}に{反抗|はんこう}した。", "en": "The students revolted against authority.", "tatoeba_id": 184305 }, { "ja": "その教授はシェイクスピアの権威である。", "furigana": "その{教授|きょうじゅ}はシェイクスピアの{権威|けんい}である。", "en": "That professor is an authority on Shakespeare.", "tatoeba_id": 211402 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "90d4fdce9c22d01346f3ce1a2c56cfc3c4ce3b9ddff48b268c4585461fc31041", "meanings": [ "权威", "专家" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "学生たちは権威に反抗した。", "zh": "学生们反抗权威。" }, { "ja": "その教授はシェイクスピアの権威である。", "zh": "那位教授是莎士比亚研究方面的权威。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3999ef3eb7", "JMdict ent_seq 1258090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b2d89c49a16f8438815f8dfdb34defceb77a7be697304b8f2733755098e46a0f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4212cea6f0", "word": "兼業", "reading": "けんぎょう", "romaji": "kengyou", "meanings": [ "side line", "second business" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1578300, "examples": [ { "ja": "農業と商業を兼業している。", "en": "They engage in both farming and commerce." }, { "ja": "兼業が認められている。", "en": "Side work is permitted." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5f20a9aaf418c117f8cecc8ec1704a7ef7efcd5a6870ccea5010d9d09b123863", "meanings": [ "兼营", "兼职" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "農業と商業を兼業している。", "zh": "他们兼营农业和商业。" }, { "ja": "兼業が認められている。", "zh": "允许兼职。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4212cea6f0", "JMdict ent_seq 1578300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7a94a9063acaf252707de9dec42872e4bf555f2650b7f92aa84ca01789a7a0f5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b6b1badd76", "word": "原形", "reading": "げんけい", "romaji": "genkei", "meanings": [ "original form", "base form" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1261310, "examples": [ { "ja": "ギリシャ人たちは幾何学の理論的原形を作った。", "furigana": "ギリシャ{人|じん}たちは{幾何学|きかがく}の{理論的|りろんてき}{原形|げんけい}を{作|つく}った。", "en": "The Greeks made theoretical models of geometry.", "tatoeba_id": 225766 }, { "ja": "建物の原形が残っている。", "en": "The building’s original form remains." }, { "ja": "壊れて原形が分からない。", "en": "It is so damaged that its original form is unrecognizable." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b6770c459d46255c902bff2e04af29adad71dc92f55e4c572e025c126e5838cf", "meanings": [ "原形", "原来的形态" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ギリシャ人たちは幾何学の理論的原形を作った。", "zh": "希腊人创建了几何学的理论原型。" }, { "ja": "建物の原形が残っている。", "zh": "建筑保留着原来的形态。" }, { "ja": "壊れて原形が分からない。", "zh": "损坏得看不出原形了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b6b1badd76", "JMdict ent_seq 1261310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "06bc217cd41f5b1977ab6429d8942cc098ffc20ff182ad7363344d7495e9454b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1f41af8458", "word": "権限", "reading": "けんげん", "romaji": "kengen", "meanings": [ "power", "authority", "jurisdiction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1258130, "examples": [ { "ja": "何の権限で私に出て行けと言うのだ。", "en": "Who are you to tell me to get out?", "tatoeba_id": 187708 }, { "ja": "彼らを解雇する権限をくれた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らを{解雇|かいこ}する{権限|けんげん}をくれた。", "en": "He gave me authority to fire them.", "tatoeba_id": 95992 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ef6f5efaea63ff91c7c9301f505f459ddcadf6e5418708189725ce9981c23819", "meanings": [ "权限", "权力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "何の権限で私に出て行けと言うのだ。", "zh": "你凭什么权力叫我出去？" }, { "ja": "彼らを解雇する権限をくれた。", "zh": "他给了我解雇他们的权限。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1f41af8458", "JMdict ent_seq 1258130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1d1eccbb68d14b50fcdbfcb05e32cdd7f6dcbf719a1052d66bd7b64509d2e879", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0778415a9f", "word": "現行", "reading": "げんこう", "romaji": "genkou", "meanings": [ "present", "current", "in operation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1263630, "examples": [ { "ja": "現行の法律は人種の多様性を考慮していない。", "furigana": "{現行|げんこう}の{法律|ほうりつ}は{人種|じんしゅ}の{多様性|たようせい}を{考慮|こうりょ}していない。", "en": "Existing legislation does not take diversity of races into account.", "tatoeba_id": 174931 }, { "ja": "車の事故に関する現行の法は手直しが必要である。", "furigana": "{車|くるま}の{事故|じこ}に{関|かん}する{現行|げんこう}の{法|ほう}は{手直|てなお}しが{必要|ひつよう}である。", "en": "The existing law concerning car accidents requires amending.", "tatoeba_id": 149048 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "dd2811f7333e26534c4b673d1990ff8eea2ba77d9aa9346b574a2ce9314799dc", "meanings": [ "现行" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "現行の法律は人種の多様性を考慮していない。", "zh": "现行法律没有考虑种族多样性。" }, { "ja": "車の事故に関する現行の法は手直しが必要である。", "zh": "关于交通事故的现行法律需要修订。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0778415a9f", "JMdict ent_seq 1263630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e8c750b72095174baea6ef503cb5879287e5472d272f66a5f2e93635a5cf6097", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c97409ccce", "word": "健在", "reading": "けんざい", "romaji": "kenzai", "meanings": [ "in good health", "well" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1256300, "examples": [ { "ja": "両親ともに健在とは限らない。", "furigana": "{両親|りょうしん}ともに{健在|けんざい}とは{限|かぎ}らない。", "en": "Neither of my parents are alive.", "tatoeba_id": 78054 }, { "ja": "彼女の４人の姉妹のうち１人は他界したが、ほかは健在だ。", "en": "One of her four sisters has passed away, but the others are still with us.", "tatoeba_id": 94757 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4461e631ed16823da6696fbc3f202f5ed0f2eb28619a5fa23699dec8c52a2082", "meanings": [ "健在", "健康" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "両親ともに健在とは限らない。", "zh": "父母未必都健在。" }, { "ja": "彼女の４人の姉妹のうち１人は他界したが、ほかは健在だ。", "zh": "她的四个姐妹中一人已去世，其余都健在。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c97409ccce", "JMdict ent_seq 1256300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2d7e9f640cd4e9709c9fb4fc5e9e035f7262ea381b4fece8ba37c13e3ffd7c20", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6cc418074b", "word": "原作", "reading": "げんさく", "romaji": "gensaku", "meanings": [ "original work" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1261450, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのドラマは原作と違っている。", "furigana": "そのドラマは{原作|げんさく}と{違|ちが}っている。", "en": "The drama differs from the original story.", "tatoeba_id": 212877 }, { "ja": "原作は学校の教科書として書かれた。", "furigana": "{原作|げんさく}は{学校|がっこう}の{教科書|きょうかしょ}として{書|か}かれた。", "en": "The original was written as a school textbook.", "tatoeba_id": 175010 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "388bec3544b5fb925aa54baedc666d22c82d02f8f045ec6aace5fc3e032ac791", "meanings": [ "原作" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのドラマは原作と違っている。", "zh": "那部电视剧和原作不同。" }, { "ja": "原作は学校の教科書として書かれた。", "zh": "原作是作为学校教材写的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6cc418074b", "JMdict ent_seq 1261450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ba0bb61267d7136ba4d9f4450b229b8843261fed73767bf7ecee1c72a0efe7a3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2dd6313fb5", "word": "検事", "reading": "けんじ", "romaji": "kenji", "meanings": [ "public prosecutor" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1257930, "examples": [ { "ja": "検事は誘導尋問をした。", "furigana": "{検事|けんじ}は{誘導尋問|ゆうどうじんもん}をした。", "en": "The prosecutor asked me a leading question.", "tatoeba_id": 175378 }, { "ja": "懲役２年の判決に地方検事は不満だった。", "en": "The district attorney wasn't content with a two-year sentence.", "tatoeba_id": 126267 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e114a4b54c113cc29fe2a278bd04c63b7a2b68ad8f932ce6bbe25a6c7c38bb1c", "meanings": [ "检察官" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "検事は誘導尋問をした。", "zh": "检察官进行了诱导性询问。" }, { "ja": "懲役２年の判決に地方検事は不満だった。", "zh": "地方检察官对两年徒刑的判决不满。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2dd6313fb5", "JMdict ent_seq 1257930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "65f3376aad6ee90eb234c357f0ea21bbca1fad2c444e6a1013c99a6c4434044f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b71e616e00", "word": "原子", "reading": "げんし", "romaji": "genshi", "meanings": [ "atom" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1261570, "examples": [ { "ja": "鉄の原子番号は26です。", "furigana": "{鉄|てつ}の{原子|げんし}{番号|ばんごう}は26です。", "en": "The atomic number of iron is 26.", "tatoeba_id": 125250 }, { "ja": "水素の原子番号は１である。", "furigana": "{水素|すいそ}の{原子|げんし}{番号|ばんごう}は１である。", "en": "The atomic number for hydrogen is 1.", "tatoeba_id": 143667 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "912ed61e634d0192196c3d72074d62658e7e59d3aedcd5ebeccd7ef632c92d56", "meanings": [ "原子" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "鉄の原子番号は26です。", "zh": "铁的原子序数是26。" }, { "ja": "水素の原子番号は１である。", "zh": "氢的原子序数是一。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b71e616e00", "JMdict ent_seq 1261570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "aa117d5340f7019a9ea278c1c3c8c82d66a57d6375e8a15eb25e9ddc3182777d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c2199f6b33", "word": "元首", "reading": "げんしゅ", "romaji": "genshu", "meanings": [ "ruler", "sovereign" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1260870, "examples": [ { "ja": "両国の元首が会談した。", "en": "The heads of the two countries held talks." }, { "ja": "元首が式典に出席した。", "en": "The head of state attended the ceremony." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a4a66892b39386383db5a14185fe03b480d40e2ad54e6630a0b28737d66706c8", "meanings": [ "国家元首" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "両国の元首が会談した。", "zh": "两国元首举行了会谈。" }, { "ja": "元首が式典に出席した。", "zh": "国家元首出席了典礼。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c2199f6b33", "JMdict ent_seq 1260870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c96e738eb9fdee8260d37372558b3240529e5a88c22424b3369591ab9f424031", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f7b907fc12", "word": "原書", "reading": "げんしょ", "romaji": "gensho", "meanings": [ "original document" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1261850, "examples": [ { "ja": "この本は原書の要約版です。", "en": "This book is abridged from the original.", "tatoeba_id": 219643 }, { "ja": "翻訳と原書を読み比べた。", "en": "I compared the translation with the original book." }, { "ja": "原書を英語で読む。", "en": "Read the original book in English." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ce612a817ea1e5f3a5b14ed1934e14d48565513ab7c072158bd685b123e13d26", "meanings": [ "原书", "原文书籍" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この本は原書の要約版です。", "zh": "这本书是原书的缩写版。" }, { "ja": "翻訳と原書を読み比べた。", "zh": "我对照阅读了译本和原书。" }, { "ja": "原書を英語で読む。", "zh": "用英语阅读原书。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f7b907fc12", "JMdict ent_seq 1261850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0dec5adf28e6d4790fc7e2d83b338a91b758a0340eec47c0bece415e4f6dbee1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a47d96fcce", "word": "懸賞", "reading": "けんしょう", "romaji": "kenshou", "meanings": [ "offering prizes", "winning", "reward" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1257690, "examples": [ { "ja": "懸賞ってほんとに当たるのかね。", "en": "Think I'll actually win the prize?", "tatoeba_id": 11030774 }, { "ja": "実はさ、ハワイ旅行が懸賞で当たったんだ。", "en": "As a matter of fact, I won the trip to Hawaii as a prize.", "tatoeba_id": 889748 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fcbe553e82c29d963674ad50d1092b6ac22fabcfcec74a86d28066628eaffdd6", "meanings": [ "奖品", "有奖活动" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "懸賞ってほんとに当たるのかね。", "zh": "有奖活动真的会中奖吗？" }, { "ja": "実はさ、ハワイ旅行が懸賞で当たったんだ。", "zh": "其实我抽中了夏威夷旅行奖。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a47d96fcce", "JMdict ent_seq 1257690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2814366faf40f8067fa4536fb7b4a58f9768b9a6b3d51f6052776e47b87796e0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a85d868e8e", "word": "減少", "reading": "げんしょう", "romaji": "genshou", "meanings": [ "decrease", "reduction", "decline" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1263210, "examples": [ { "ja": "死亡により人口は減少しつつある。", "furigana": "{死亡|しぼう}により{人口|じんこう}は{減少|げんしょう}しつつある。", "en": "The population is dying off.", "tatoeba_id": 168118 }, { "ja": "今年は倒産が一割減少しています。", "furigana": "{今年|ことし}は{倒産|とうさん}が{一割|いちわり}{減少|げんしょう}しています。", "en": "Business failures are down 10% this year.", "tatoeba_id": 171305 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d6ab46ed68f4fcdd4bc2d12ecdaddbc412639bb01a7a9680b67e93173fd18f41", "meanings": [ "减少" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "死亡により人口は減少しつつある。", "zh": "人口因死亡而逐渐减少。" }, { "ja": "今年は倒産が一割減少しています。", "zh": "今年破产数量减少了一成。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a85d868e8e", "JMdict ent_seq 1263210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "32699428cdd0729ae7a66f9dbcefc2d5c5a2e62fd3fd2f5ba42a34c1cbb35e04", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ce5ab31b34", "word": "健全", "reading": "けんぜん", "romaji": "kenzen", "meanings": [ "health", "soundness", "wholesome" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1256360, "examples": [ { "ja": "母子ともに健全です。", "furigana": "{母子|ぼし}ともに{健全|けんぜん}です。", "en": "Mother and child are both doing well.", "tatoeba_id": 82831 }, { "ja": "健全な精神は健全な肉体に宿る。", "en": "A sound mind dwells in a sound body.", "tatoeba_id": 175437 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7fc1bced24f34dc49cbfc4025d372e00f841a39cc0cef64bc50ef53f50b85665", "meanings": [ "健全", "健康" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "母子ともに健全です。", "zh": "母子都很健康。" }, { "ja": "健全な精神は健全な肉体に宿る。", "zh": "健全的精神寓于健全的身体。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ce5ab31b34", "JMdict ent_seq 1256360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ace34ef2f3941034d2aa0a21b06cb34cf5567b82ea9c9f9062cb0581deb5427b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b8bcd977e2", "word": "元素", "reading": "げんそ", "romaji": "genso", "meanings": [ "chemical element" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1592840, "examples": [ { "ja": "元素記号Ｈは水素をあらわす。", "en": "The chemical symbol H indicates hydrogen.", "tatoeba_id": 175023 }, { "ja": "鉄や酸素は元素である。", "furigana": "{鉄|てつ}や{酸素|さんそ}は{元素|げんそ}である。", "en": "Iron and oxygen are elements.", "tatoeba_id": 125240 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b6cd87cec13db2db7856ce200c3fe03a30830af9067082ad6799f0af32f45c14", "meanings": [ "元素" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "元素記号Ｈは水素をあらわす。", "zh": "元素符号H代表氢。" }, { "ja": "鉄や酸素は元素である。", "zh": "铁和氧都是元素。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b8bcd977e2", "JMdict ent_seq 1592840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5ea1c31e19baa2e6a9805e9c1bc265b30d2335a0554b61d3f562f48fdb2a2c9b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2daaf50b4d", "word": "現像", "reading": "げんぞう", "romaji": "genzou", "meanings": [ "developing (film)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1263800, "examples": [ { "ja": "このフィルムを現像してもらえますか。", "furigana": "このフィルムを{現像|げんぞう}してもらえますか。", "en": "Can I have this film developed?", "tatoeba_id": 223254 }, { "ja": "このフィルムは現像が早い。", "furigana": "このフィルムは{現像|げんぞう}が{早|はや}い。", "en": "This film develops fast.", "tatoeba_id": 223256 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "abe6b3b4ebdc131f99bc0ab4b071fe8a2304295db6e80ab9d2ad90b88b9bdd51", "meanings": [ "冲洗", "显影" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このフィルムを現像してもらえますか。", "zh": "可以帮我冲洗这卷胶片吗？" }, { "ja": "このフィルムは現像が早い。", "zh": "这卷胶片显影很快。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2daaf50b4d", "JMdict ent_seq 1263800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "79d9072d2b08cd94ad47830857619e11b28ec4320eb7b45306e4581678c16299", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5cfe4d867d", "word": "原則", "reading": "げんそく", "romaji": "gensoku", "meanings": [ "principle", "general rule" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1262070, "examples": [ { "ja": "ずっと昔からこの原則は認められてきた。", "furigana": "ずっと{昔|むかし}からこの{原則|げんそく}は{認|みと}められてきた。", "en": "Years ago this principle was widely recognized.", "tatoeba_id": 214652 }, { "ja": "この原則は子供にのみ適用される。", "furigana": "この{原則|げんそく}は{子供|こども}にのみ{適用|てきよう}される。", "en": "This general rule refers only to children.", "tatoeba_id": 222073 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "73e4f0e8e483f415a6390348dc3a32440e941fa89478ba2309a56e4355f8f683", "meanings": [ "原则" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ずっと昔からこの原則は認められてきた。", "zh": "这一原则很久以前就得到认可。" }, { "ja": "この原則は子供にのみ適用される。", "zh": "这一原则只适用于儿童。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5cfe4d867d", "JMdict ent_seq 1262070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "12b4665fb67f5ca1b3fa3351b21791c86cabd3d4b5c98c939288ae29ed1c03f3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ba678d6fe9", "word": "見地", "reading": "けんち", "romaji": "kenchi", "meanings": [ "point of view" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1259870, "examples": [ { "ja": "この見地からすると、君の言うことは正しい。", "en": "From this point of view, you are right.", "tatoeba_id": 222082 }, { "ja": "彼は人生を全て、金銭の見地から見る。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{人生|じんせい}を{全|すべ}て、{金銭|きんせん}の{見地|けんち}から{見|み}る。", "en": "He sees all life in terms of money.", "tatoeba_id": 103532 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "914da2d898a633d0ff86395b11915604bee688d0d757b7637db94836af97830e", "meanings": [ "立场", "观点" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この見地からすると、君の言うことは正しい。", "zh": "从这个观点来看，你说得对。" }, { "ja": "彼は人生を全て、金銭の見地から見る。", "zh": "他一切都从金钱的角度看人生。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ba678d6fe9", "JMdict ent_seq 1259870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b7a667f3e14e37bc15addc8d0ab8db384c3e6dce0c5e5997d0206628a9d42054", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d2cc010c42", "word": "現地", "reading": "げんち", "romaji": "genchi", "meanings": [ "actual place", "local" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1263860, "examples": [ { "ja": "現地企業でのインターンシップを体験する。", "en": "I'm going to do an internship at a local company.", "tatoeba_id": 174823 }, { "ja": "現地時間で１０時だ。", "furigana": "{現地|げんち}{時間|じかん}で１０{時|じ}だ。", "en": "The local time is 10:00.", "tatoeba_id": 174822 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9376769a63e4cb616ac4ff07188acfd9b6e0c751bfe9b35bf731d2c254a519a6", "meanings": [ "当地", "现场" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "現地企業でのインターンシップを体験する。", "zh": "体验在当地企业实习。" }, { "ja": "現地時間で１０時だ。", "zh": "当地时间是十点。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d2cc010c42", "JMdict ent_seq 1263860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "afe86044816187c36406192c7cfa4cbf633f1c47fd945ba042c889180ef59079", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "673e068f93", "word": "限定", "reading": "げんてい", "romaji": "gentei", "meanings": [ "limit", "restriction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1264670, "examples": [ { "ja": "切符の数は限定されていた。", "furigana": "{切符|きっぷ}の{数|かず}は{限定|げんてい}されていた。", "en": "The number of tickets was limited.", "tatoeba_id": 142102 }, { "ja": "この版は7,000部に限定されています。", "furigana": "この{版|はん}は7,000{部|ぶ}に{限定|げんてい}されています。", "en": "This edition is limited to seven thousand copies.", "tatoeba_id": 220160 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7c62641f6789181a06e8e4c6244c84a50eac05dc465a69531f9a1789dd525fbb", "meanings": [ "限定", "限制" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "切符の数は限定されていた。", "zh": "票数有限。" }, { "ja": "この版は7,000部に限定されています。", "zh": "这个版本限量七千册。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/673e068f93", "JMdict ent_seq 1264670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4b6d2e576d390486c34afbd872b93c3f0f3e2d51f7ee3f948dd3d3951dff1bb6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "436aca7af1", "word": "原典", "reading": "げんてん", "romaji": "genten", "meanings": [ "original (text)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1262150, "examples": [ { "ja": "その翻訳は原典に忠実だ。", "furigana": "その{翻訳|ほんやく}は{原典|げんてん}に{忠実|ちゅうじつ}だ。", "en": "The translation is true to the original.", "tatoeba_id": 206595 }, { "ja": "彼は「戦争と平和」の原典を研究した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は「{戦争|せんそう}と{平和|へいわ}」の{原典|げんてん}を{研究|けんきゅう}した。", "en": "He studied the original text of War and Peace.", "tatoeba_id": 115342 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "77ec026697c8f19c1e1a6bf53a7c9ed88f330b96e889c0974f3f437a2735283c", "meanings": [ "原典", "原文" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その翻訳は原典に忠実だ。", "zh": "那个译本忠实于原典。" }, { "ja": "彼は「戦争と平和」の原典を研究した。", "zh": "他研究了《战争与和平》的原典。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/436aca7af1", "JMdict ent_seq 1262150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e43afc569ef8ecd7df37113b59bb90275645567ba4e8d019b81df262d6b5e21d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "33b7f9ddbc", "word": "原点", "reading": "げんてん", "romaji": "genten", "meanings": [ "origin (coordinates)", "starting point" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1262160, "examples": [ { "ja": "原点を中心とする半径2の円と，直線 y = x − 1 の交点を求めよ。", "en": "Consider a circle of radius 2 centered at the origin. Find its points of intersection with the line y = x - 1.", "tatoeba_id": 2715448 }, { "ja": "座標の原点を示す。", "en": "Indicate the origin of the coordinates." }, { "ja": "初心という原点に戻る。", "en": "Return to the starting point of one’s original intention." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e5286a83856948b2b3762e6468b36a09aa56e811ddda50e4a9362f6c931037e3", "meanings": [ "原点", "起点" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "原点を中心とする半径2の円と，直線 y = x − 1 の交点を求めよ。", "zh": "求以原点为圆心、半径为2的圆与直线 y = x − 1 的交点。" }, { "ja": "座標の原点を示す。", "zh": "标出坐标原点。" }, { "ja": "初心という原点に戻る。", "zh": "回到初心这个原点。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/33b7f9ddbc", "JMdict ent_seq 1262160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "df0d60158878116948ee685f8797e6937457d10cfce3a957dc181494c48ef8a4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b55001be10", "word": "減点", "reading": "げんてん", "romaji": "genten", "meanings": [ "subtract", "give a demerit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1263290, "examples": [ { "ja": "間違えると減点される。", "en": "Points are deducted for mistakes." }, { "ja": "遅刻による減点を受けた。", "en": "I lost points for being late." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1d5dcfec689c67d23273febbaf848a4cd771263ef648aba7353a15af678408b6", "meanings": [ "扣分" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "間違えると減点される。", "zh": "出错会被扣分。" }, { "ja": "遅刻による減点を受けた。", "zh": "我因迟到被扣分。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b55001be10", "JMdict ent_seq 1263290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e602bc95e09466a5c3e65f790ccc02829e24fba14a263a879f5bed40b434d6f2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "92e2dcd393", "word": "原爆", "reading": "げんばく", "romaji": "genbaku", "meanings": [ "atomic bomb" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1262220, "examples": [ { "ja": "原爆は人類にとって重大な脅威だ。", "en": "The atomic bomb is a grave threat to mankind.", "tatoeba_id": 174988 }, { "ja": "全世界が１回の原爆戦で破壊されよう。", "en": "The whole world could be destroyed by an atomic war.", "tatoeba_id": 140795 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "dab6ab6505c53e55545de981a93eecef2507c43a67e1744a67c0f71429190bc9", "meanings": [ "原子弹" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "原爆は人類にとって重大な脅威だ。", "zh": "原子弹对人类是重大威胁。" }, { "ja": "全世界が１回の原爆戦で破壊されよう。", "zh": "全世界可能在一次原子战争中被毁灭。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/92e2dcd393", "JMdict ent_seq 1262220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4563528aa5dfe679023eae93356cd90acc1565c6bbfc8a88531bff9334402ba3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d7c788ac00", "word": "原文", "reading": "げんぶん", "romaji": "genbun", "meanings": [ "the text", "original" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1262340, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの翻訳は原文に忠実だそうだ。", "furigana": "あの{翻訳|ほんやく}は{原文|げんぶん}に{忠実|ちゅうじつ}だそうだ。", "en": "That translation is said to be true to the original.", "tatoeba_id": 230445 }, { "ja": "書き写したものを原文と比較せよ。", "furigana": "{書|か}き{写|うつ}したものを{原文|げんぶん}と{比較|ひかく}せよ。", "en": "Compare the copy with the original.", "tatoeba_id": 147429 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "aad758c8a037f8adedbf106ad7d22d97cd58508a9a6d0a69101e331f42cf6e95", "meanings": [ "原文" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの翻訳は原文に忠実だそうだ。", "zh": "听说那篇翻译忠实于原文。" }, { "ja": "書き写したものを原文と比較せよ。", "zh": "把抄写的内容与原文比较。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d7c788ac00", "JMdict ent_seq 1262340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "01319f9458e10bb8cdfb0847aa77da1cc96b68d00bf617efdaa7145d007b16be", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "de9ea7a309", "word": "厳密", "reading": "げんみつ", "romaji": "genmitsu", "meanings": [ "strict", "close" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1262830, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは船長の命令を厳密に実行した。", "en": "They carried out the captain's order to the letter.", "tatoeba_id": 96673 }, { "ja": "厳密な科学的観点からは、歴史は科学とはいえない。", "en": "From a strictly scientific point of view, history cannot be called a science.", "tatoeba_id": 174975 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b1b6a479164b52ed55f54d34272b9c069d66d07116d891ef446431e58de51985", "meanings": [ "严密", "严格" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは船長の命令を厳密に実行した。", "zh": "他们严格执行了船长的命令。" }, { "ja": "厳密な科学的観点からは、歴史は科学とはいえない。", "zh": "从严格的科学观点看，历史不能说是科学。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/de9ea7a309", "JMdict ent_seq 1262830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ae496087632988512b7c1633336e335e613b1305cbdc47bdc74533348ca33b32", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b8978362b1", "word": "賢明", "reading": "けんめい", "romaji": "kenmei", "meanings": [ "wisdom", "intelligence", "prudence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1260320, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたが彼女と別れるのは賢明である。", "furigana": "あなたが{彼女|かのじょ}と{別|わか}れるのは{賢明|けんめい}である。", "en": "You will do well to leave her.", "tatoeba_id": 233944 }, { "ja": "彼は提案を受け入れて賢明だった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{提案|ていあん}を{受|う}け{入|い}れて{賢明|けんめい}だった。", "en": "He did well to accept the offer.", "tatoeba_id": 101973 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f0578f1bd342c5dcdfcdf9b3c193007262fc6835b6962088b389d478bb1308a1", "meanings": [ "明智", "贤明" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたが彼女と別れるのは賢明である。", "zh": "你和她分手是明智的。" }, { "ja": "彼は提案を受け入れて賢明だった。", "zh": "他接受提议是明智的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b8978362b1", "JMdict ent_seq 1260320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c03e92d8ccea0941a907e5d5f8cd3a8919cd81bf70330ac14bedf9b6393d7810", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2db513025c", "word": "倹約", "reading": "けんやく", "romaji": "ken'yaku", "meanings": [ "thrift", "economy", "frugality" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1256010, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は金をためるため何年間もけちけち倹約した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{金|かね}をためるため{何年間|なんねんかん}もけちけち{倹約|けんやく}した。", "en": "He pinched and scraped for many years to save money.", "tatoeba_id": 108223 }, { "ja": "収入が低いと倹約せざるを得なくなる。", "furigana": "{収入|しゅうにゅう}が{低|ひく}いと{倹約|けんやく}せざるを{得|え}なくなる。", "en": "A small income obliges us to thrift.", "tatoeba_id": 148285 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "31a0f7ccc921f345d8824926d148866fca44599b81924c44259f7e7de7d9ff60", "meanings": [ "节俭" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は金をためるため何年間もけちけち倹約した。", "zh": "他为攒钱多年一直省吃俭用。" }, { "ja": "収入が低いと倹約せざるを得なくなる。", "zh": "收入低就不得不节俭。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2db513025c", "JMdict ent_seq 1256010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "84a7480c1291935111ef1776bc1d94e66368d2682b4792066f0c6441f62358c2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c1a3737777", "word": "原油", "reading": "げんゆ", "romaji": "gen'yu", "meanings": [ "crude oil" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1262430, "examples": [ { "ja": "その油井はたくさんの原油を産出する。", "furigana": "その{油井|ゆせい}はたくさんの{原油|げんゆ}を{産出|さんしゅつ}する。", "en": "The well delivers a great deal of oil.", "tatoeba_id": 206290 }, { "ja": "この数字は原油輸入減を反映している。", "furigana": "この{数字|すうじ}は{原油|げんゆ}{輸入|ゆにゅう}{減|げん}を{反映|はんえい}している。", "en": "This figure is a mirror of the decrease in imports of crude oil.", "tatoeba_id": 220958 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6b645a727e6165d977051e2ad528e288b39286cce18dbf77963e13ed4c900d37", "meanings": [ "原油" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その油井はたくさんの原油を産出する。", "zh": "那口油井出产大量原油。" }, { "ja": "この数字は原油輸入減を反映している。", "zh": "这个数字反映了原油进口减少。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c1a3737777", "JMdict ent_seq 1262430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7889707ca6dee5ccbd8a1735fd761363ad2f016e4c2c74c6204c158cd3bedb4a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "204ce2024f", "word": "兼用", "reading": "けんよう", "romaji": "ken'you", "meanings": [ "multi-use", "combined use", "combination", "serving two purposes" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1256720, "examples": [ { "ja": "この書斎は客間兼用だ。", "en": "I also use this study for receiving guests.", "tatoeba_id": 221216 }, { "ja": "この部屋は会議室と食堂を兼用する。", "en": "This room serves as both a meeting room and a dining room." }, { "ja": "雨天と晴天の兼用傘を使う。", "en": "Use an umbrella for both rain and sun." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a9a141a3a9561b076c55a66490bdc4d36501e2d35b420acb2420284ac40c001f", "meanings": [ "兼用", "两用" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この書斎は客間兼用だ。", "zh": "这间书房兼作客厅。" }, { "ja": "この部屋は会議室と食堂を兼用する。", "zh": "这间房间兼作会议室和食堂。" }, { "ja": "雨天と晴天の兼用傘を使う。", "zh": "使用晴雨两用伞。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/204ce2024f", "JMdict ent_seq 1256720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d98fffdf8c25faa893d17b0e754f29adacfee61ee661e0707ad862b1ebbf9a99", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "34b30a1719", "word": "権力", "reading": "けんりょく", "romaji": "kenryoku", "meanings": [ "power", "authority", "influence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1258220, "examples": [ { "ja": "王は権力を奪われた。", "furigana": "{王|おう}は{権力|けんりょく}を{奪|うば}われた。", "en": "The king was shorn of his power.", "tatoeba_id": 188497 }, { "ja": "彼には権力も能力も備わっている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}には{権力|けんりょく}も{能力|のうりょく}も{備|そな}わっている。", "en": "He has got both authority and ability.", "tatoeba_id": 118865 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ea2bbf17303194e891fa1df5f49d5566d1effb45f94fa81a1a308759351f8b77", "meanings": [ "权力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "王は権力を奪われた。", "zh": "国王被剥夺了权力。" }, { "ja": "彼には権力も能力も備わっている。", "zh": "他既有权力也有能力。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/34b30a1719", "JMdict ent_seq 1258220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b0aaa262d8590e18d52b0e31c567a95a911b23b6786083d38c4f98f1bc89598a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "955633d172", "word": "言論", "reading": "げんろん", "romaji": "genron", "meanings": [ "discussion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1264580, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はあらゆる人の言論に賛成だ。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はあらゆる{人|ひと}の{言論|げんろん}に{賛成|さんせい}だ。", "en": "I stand for freedom of speech for everyone.", "tatoeba_id": 161486 }, { "ja": "言論の自由を守る。", "en": "Protect freedom of speech." }, { "ja": "言論によって意見を表明する。", "en": "Express opinions through speech." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "eec3c83b98fe27be1a2b77dffc21dcab5fda33beb4a73ada93c5fb41fa405f98", "meanings": [ "言论", "表达" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はあらゆる人の言論に賛成だ。", "zh": "我赞成所有人发表言论。" }, { "ja": "言論の自由を守る。", "zh": "保护言论自由。" }, { "ja": "言論によって意見を表明する。", "zh": "通过言论表达意见。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/955633d172", "JMdict ent_seq 1264580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fe9d7c74d7106dc2d31f471ca9ea1d7dd3af5fcc74c7d8ffb4cb4becb52aeaf0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "56ffead6fe", "word": "個", "reading": "こ", "romaji": "ko", "meanings": [ "article counter" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1264740, "examples": [ { "ja": "この懐中電灯は２個の電池が必要だ。", "furigana": "この{懐中電灯|かいちゅうでんとう}は２{個|こ}の{電池|でんち}が{必要|ひつよう}だ。", "en": "This flashlight needs two batteries.", "tatoeba_id": 222655 }, { "ja": "彼女は手荷物を２個持っていった。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{手荷物|てにもつ}を２{個|こ}{持|も}っていった。", "en": "She took two pieces of baggage with her.", "tatoeba_id": 88825 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "997ab4632d471fa555f409ab71cae27731b07d2b6952e6fd0be3ab2bb30d9f3b", "meanings": [ "个（量词）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この懐中電灯は２個の電池が必要だ。", "zh": "这个手电筒需要两节电池。" }, { "ja": "彼女は手荷物を２個持っていった。", "zh": "她带了两件手提行李。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/56ffead6fe", "JMdict ent_seq 1264740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e0578078588bed9c54825324af7980832f174e90ee6f09cf3e01df7aaa68ec61", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1e176e82e5", "word": "戸", "reading": "こ", "romaji": "ko", "meanings": [ "counter for houses" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1659920, "examples": [ { "ja": "きのうの火事で２００戸が全焼した。", "furigana": "きのうの{火事|かじ}で２００{戸|こ}が{全焼|ぜんしょう}した。", "en": "Two hundred houses were burnt down in the fire which broke out yesterday.", "tatoeba_id": 225970 }, { "ja": "１０戸が全焼した。", "furigana": "１０{戸|こ}が{全焼|ぜんしょう}した。", "en": "Ten houses were burned down.", "tatoeba_id": 236059 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c5279a2847303f2a78e6cec83370dc926b44ea16455ba522e6f5dc5ee9cd6b2a", "meanings": [ "户（量词）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "きのうの火事で２００戸が全焼した。", "zh": "昨天的火灾烧毁了两百户房屋。" }, { "ja": "１０戸が全焼した。", "zh": "十户房屋被烧毁。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1e176e82e5", "JMdict ent_seq 1659920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "637e35317357cd0f2564a46a4917f8d46cada5585bf2e990544a587d239266ff", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "10c1ffea60", "word": "故", "reading": "こ", "romaji": "ko", "meanings": [ "the late (deceased)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1267110, "examples": [ { "ja": "故山田氏をしのぶ会が開かれた。", "en": "A memorial meeting was held for the late Mr. Yamada." }, { "ja": "故鈴木氏の作品を展示する。", "en": "Display works by the late Mr. Suzuki." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "cdcc1e468e3ded90ee08da80f22d964c00e2fd2081e99040fed62f7ba112fc37", "meanings": [ "已故的" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "故山田氏をしのぶ会が開かれた。", "zh": "人们举行了纪念已故山田先生的活动。" }, { "ja": "故鈴木氏の作品を展示する。", "zh": "展出已故铃木先生的作品。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/10c1ffea60", "JMdict ent_seq 1267110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a7d42ae9a192636c43b93be4200596efff106514c665dfe3263fffa735b3a9f8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "接在已故者姓名或称谓前，读作こ；故人读作こじん。" } }, { "id": "013f46c118", "word": "児", "reading": "こ", "romaji": "ko", "meanings": [ "child", "the young of animals" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1307770, "examples": [ { "ja": "その子は母親に甘えた。", "furigana": "その{子|こ}は{母親|ははおや}に{甘|あま}えた。", "en": "The child played the baby to his mother.", "tatoeba_id": 210178 }, { "ja": "親は児の成長を見守った。", "en": "The parent watched over the child’s growth." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1b6e218c4495899f01ce54325d33557a0612d9c9d1f7c3ff7f607a2414f2e13b", "meanings": [ "孩子", "儿童" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その子は母親に甘えた。", "zh": "那个孩子向母亲撒娇。" }, { "ja": "親は児の成長を見守った。", "zh": "家长守护着孩子成长。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/013f46c118", "JMdict ent_seq 1307770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ec66ab24a5db7aa3b38d9b4ba11e9137f48eabd786f8ed07ccb9eb25c107cfd8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a017bb3c0c", "word": "御", "reading": "ご", "romaji": "go", "meanings": [ "go-", "honourable" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1270190, "examples": [ { "ja": "この方を玄関まで御案内しなさい。", "furigana": "この{方|かた}を{玄関|げんかん}まで{御|ご}{案内|あんない}しなさい。", "en": "Show this gentleman to the front door.", "tatoeba_id": 219832 }, { "ja": "ここでは、すりに御用心ください。", "furigana": "ここでは、すりに{御|ご}{用心|ようじん}ください。", "en": "Beware of pickpockets here.", "tatoeba_id": 224639 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "31fda79eadb870d9740eb388260cf8ae77cc66d4648eecd1c69d271ff5aed8c3", "meanings": [ "御（敬语前缀）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この方を玄関まで御案内しなさい。", "zh": "请把这位客人送到门口。" }, { "ja": "ここでは、すりに御用心ください。", "zh": "这里请小心扒手。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a017bb3c0c", "JMdict ent_seq 1270190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0b973f4aea9318897b34afdec59e5bc464fa06ca6f8f17fe67bb320c5d9c91cf", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4c2243e0e1", "word": "語彙", "reading": "ごい", "romaji": "goi", "meanings": [ "vocabulary", "glossary" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1271260, "examples": [ { "ja": "読書は語彙を増やすのに役に立つ。", "furigana": "{読書|どくしょ}は{語彙|ごい}を{増|ふ}やすのに{役|やく}に{立|た}つ。", "en": "Reading helps you build up your vocabulary.", "tatoeba_id": 123380 }, { "ja": "彼女は英語の語彙をたくさん知っている。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{英語|えいご}の{語彙|ごい}をたくさん{知|し}っている。", "en": "She has a rich vocabulary of English words.", "tatoeba_id": 91045 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4520fd526c1c37dd9195b2209d6c5b15e4d79bab570a50bb466f3ca1c3cc908a", "meanings": [ "词汇" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "読書は語彙を増やすのに役に立つ。", "zh": "读书有助于增加词汇量。" }, { "ja": "彼女は英語の語彙をたくさん知っている。", "zh": "她知道很多英语词汇。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4c2243e0e1", "JMdict ent_seq 1271260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bfca73babcd0d44cb6ac1838488066c85cd7776b1dd173667be78b299be0046b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "79b0e74e36", "word": "恋する", "reading": "こいする", "romaji": "koisuru", "meanings": [ "to fall in love with", "to love" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vs-i", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1609750, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は故郷の人を恋するようになった。", "en": "He came to love someone from his hometown." }, { "ja": "恋する相手を捜しています。", "en": "I'm looking for someone to fall in love with.", "tatoeba_id": 77454 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "cb5de97a6c6f9e0405fa81e172e1e54592162b659b59844f9bbe60436ecf54cc", "meanings": [ "爱恋", "恋慕" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は故郷の人を恋するようになった。", "zh": "他渐渐爱上了故乡的一个人。" }, { "ja": "恋する相手を捜しています。", "zh": "正在寻找爱的人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/79b0e74e36", "JMdict ent_seq 1609750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "734e210ff47e3fbd03a3f21f3554c698b5faf71a79be9b72765955dc71ef5518", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e91f69ef1a", "word": "校", "reading": "こう", "romaji": "kou", "meanings": [ "-school", "proof" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf", "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 2259610, "examples": [ { "ja": "水害被災者たちは数校に収容された。", "en": "The flood victims were housed in several schools.", "tatoeba_id": 143678 }, { "ja": "新設校の用地が出来ました。", "en": "The site for the new school has been bought.", "tatoeba_id": 145245 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a0352557e1e8d263894860e8f4876f4f741addf008baa7342013f523c2cf1b0d", "meanings": [ "学校", "校对" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "水害被災者たちは数校に収容された。", "zh": "水灾受害者被安置在几所学校。" }, { "ja": "新設校の用地が出来ました。", "zh": "新建学校的用地准备好了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e91f69ef1a", "JMdict ent_seq 2259610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "166514c64348e92d279b113189b98333df9bfd533a22980b8b2bc8154bd47e6c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "898777096e", "word": "溝", "reading": "こう", "romaji": "kou", "meanings": [ "hundred undecillion (American)", "hundred sextillion (British)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "num" ], "jmdict_id": 1280050, "examples": [ { "ja": "大数の単位に溝がある。", "en": "Kō is a unit used for very large numbers." }, { "ja": "溝は十の三十二乗を表す。", "en": "Kō represents ten to the thirty-second power." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5a7ac47db68d68038b0762d97947c399d5d693ed8f50c5acae5c4487fe0dea95", "meanings": [ "沟", "十的三十二次方" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大数の単位に溝がある。", "zh": "大数单位中有“沟”。" }, { "ja": "溝は十の三十二乗を表す。", "zh": "“沟”表示十的三十二次方。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/898777096e", "JMdict ent_seq 1280050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3d52d569b0248c8b24d7bc7350173dd37a6b0640b77023d8a9c031ec1267ddae", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6b56c41e59", "word": "業", "reading": "ごう", "romaji": "gou", "meanings": [ "Buddhist karma", "actions committed in a former life" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1239320, "examples": [ { "ja": "仏教では行いを業という。", "en": "In Buddhism, actions are called karma." }, { "ja": "自分の業を考える。", "en": "Reflect on one’s karma." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "cd39f12eb7f74124fa003cc34b54ad2ee3dc2a1055371289711123beaacd71c1", "meanings": [ "业", "业报" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "仏教では行いを業という。", "zh": "佛教中把行为称为业。" }, { "ja": "自分の業を考える。", "zh": "思考自己的业。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6b56c41e59", "JMdict ent_seq 1239320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a05698d3772c7ee08ddf8d116e35034e559f229e076a2f807a3f211678d36089", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ae0d7c35ac", "word": "号", "reading": "ごう", "romaji": "gou", "meanings": [ "number", "issue" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1284220, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの定期購読予約は六月号で切れます。", "furigana": "あなたの{定期購読|ていきこうどく}{予約|よやく}は{六月|ろくがつ}{号|ごう}で{切|き}れます。", "en": "Your subscription expires with the June issue.", "tatoeba_id": 233090 }, { "ja": "僕は５８号の高速道路を使ったよ。", "furigana": "{僕|ぼく}は５８{号|ごう}の{高速道路|こうそくどうろ}を{使|つか}ったよ。", "en": "I took Highway 58.", "tatoeba_id": 82140 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b77958f455006831a94746539cd00494ffecd2e1fa9b435b3878878ab234d57d", "meanings": [ "号", "编号" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの定期購読予約は六月号で切れます。", "zh": "你的定期订阅到六月号结束。" }, { "ja": "僕は５８号の高速道路を使ったよ。", "zh": "我走了58号公路。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ae0d7c35ac", "JMdict ent_seq 1284220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5dc4e87f82a8cf9ebb212cbf2cb4f1679db56e3e1c41811eb9b61e5c2c90a61b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f38adaef87", "word": "濠", "reading": "ごう", "romaji": "gou", "meanings": [ "moat" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1956270, "examples": [ { "ja": "城の周りに濠を掘った。", "en": "They dug a moat around the castle." }, { "ja": "濠に水が満ちている。", "en": "The moat is full of water." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "33b7b189b6f184825711f9811a39dcfc347672f3ded125983be4e02e41b5f441", "meanings": [ "壕沟", "护城河" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "城の周りに濠を掘った。", "zh": "他们在城堡周围挖了护城河。" }, { "ja": "濠に水が満ちている。", "zh": "护城河里满是水。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f38adaef87", "JMdict ent_seq 1956270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "81a5b861d3ad6ff48d14f729dd1bdd4beb738e67d1baddcf0cdee576a6ae628a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "be5a647260", "word": "好意", "reading": "こうい", "romaji": "koui", "meanings": [ "good will", "favor", "courtesy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1277530, "examples": [ { "ja": "リッチ氏は彼女の好意に感謝した。", "en": "Mr Rich acknowledged her favor.", "tatoeba_id": 192511 }, { "ja": "人の好意に付け込むのはいやだね。", "furigana": "{人|ひと}の{好意|こうい}に{付|つ}け{込|こ}むのはいやだね。", "en": "I wouldn't like to cash in on other people's misfortunes.", "tatoeba_id": 144609 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f6da13599fc9203a83a0886921cf98a1a3195ac2968cb43e5ccd0ad8e3740e23", "meanings": [ "好意", "善意" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "リッチ氏は彼女の好意に感謝した。", "zh": "里奇先生感谢了她的好意。" }, { "ja": "人の好意に付け込むのはいやだね。", "zh": "利用别人的好意真不好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/be5a647260", "JMdict ent_seq 1277530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fe956e9428fe7bb1ca5840965352d51ac6f1fc88c535324f83fb3cd97cbbe716", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "26edf660ec", "word": "行為", "reading": "こうい", "romaji": "koui", "meanings": [ "act", "deed", "conduct" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1281830, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は自分の行為を正当化しようとしている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{自分|じぶん}の{行為|こうい}を{正当化|せいとうか}しようとしている。", "en": "He is trying to justify his act.", "tatoeba_id": 104972 }, { "ja": "彼は悪い行為のために罰せられた。", "en": "He was punished for his bad conduct." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6cad680089078ef1fed463d83dd88d229e80db4a7c173b4a2981247e8f597076", "meanings": [ "行为" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は自分の行為を正当化しようとしている。", "zh": "他正试图为自己的行为辩解。" }, { "ja": "彼は悪い行為のために罰せられた。", "zh": "他因不良行为受到惩罚。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/26edf660ec", "JMdict ent_seq 1281830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "545cb9b09551b861df95cb71bddf37a5b9daa5be39b83ecd42db743208f8f26d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "713bb09199", "word": "合意", "reading": "ごうい", "romaji": "goui", "meanings": [ "agreement", "consent", "mutual understanding" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1284550, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは休戦条件で合意した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{休戦|きゅうせん}{条件|じょうけん}で{合意|ごうい}した。", "en": "They agreed on cease-fire terms.", "tatoeba_id": 97355 }, { "ja": "彼らはそれで合意に達するだろう。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはそれで{合意|ごうい}に{達|たっ}するだろう。", "en": "They will agree on that.", "tatoeba_id": 97823 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7dde2f59407050814fab1613dee1eeddb42eaa00dcd73f0f7437174480727748", "meanings": [ "达成一致", "同意" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは休戦条件で合意した。", "zh": "他们就停战条件达成一致。" }, { "ja": "彼らはそれで合意に達するだろう。", "zh": "他们会就此达成协议吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/713bb09199", "JMdict ent_seq 1284550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fda14ca69da4913e4cda261ceb285f6039b75f14b4fa5289f1d303932664801f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2d66a8b7d0", "word": "行員", "reading": "こういん", "romaji": "kouin", "meanings": [ "bank clerk" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1281840, "examples": [ { "ja": "行員は私に過ちを認めた。", "furigana": "{行員|こういん}は{私|わたし}に{過|あやま}ちを{認|みと}めた。", "en": "The clerk admitted his mistake to me.", "tatoeba_id": 173350 }, { "ja": "行員に口座の手続きを尋ねた。", "en": "I asked a bank employee about the account procedure." }, { "ja": "行員が窓口で説明した。", "en": "A bank clerk explained at the counter." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "cb7da3ba78ad098bec3e78519ad3804875d642c6ed51fa9af7a2b8f6b1f35e44", "meanings": [ "银行职员" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "行員は私に過ちを認めた。", "zh": "银行职员向我承认了错误。" }, { "ja": "行員に口座の手続きを尋ねた。", "zh": "我向银行职员询问了账户手续。" }, { "ja": "行員が窓口で説明した。", "zh": "银行职员在柜台作了说明。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2d66a8b7d0", "JMdict ent_seq 1281840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "223af8efd2fc446487483937b5acaf822adaf1cd7d26b0282a6160a5674e03ea", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3bc4ab80ef", "word": "交易", "reading": "こうえき", "romaji": "koueki", "meanings": [ "trade", "commerce" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1271710, "examples": [ { "ja": "戦争中米国は英国との交易を中断しようとした。", "en": "During the war, America tried to stop trading with England.", "tatoeba_id": 141237 }, { "ja": "両国は交易を続けた。", "en": "The two countries continued trading." }, { "ja": "交易によって物資が運ばれた。", "en": "Goods were transported through trade." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2a6edd6eaab60f557754ebe744043a0341e1190eebea535da437eba74838ab5a", "meanings": [ "贸易" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "戦争中米国は英国との交易を中断しようとした。", "zh": "战争期间美国试图中断与英国的贸易。" }, { "ja": "両国は交易を続けた。", "zh": "两国继续进行贸易。" }, { "ja": "交易によって物資が運ばれた。", "zh": "物资通过贸易流通。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3bc4ab80ef", "JMdict ent_seq 1271710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "790ef0f4d18ffcd9e71105507fb927d4c5e3036688165e74aed9801437f27988", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "27878d4524", "word": "公演", "reading": "こうえん", "romaji": "kouen", "meanings": [ "public performance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1273280, "examples": [ { "ja": "土曜に私と芝居の公演を見ませんか。", "furigana": "{土曜|どよう}に{私|わたし}と{芝居|しばい}の{公演|こうえん}を{見|み}ませんか。", "en": "Would you like to see a live performance of a play with me Saturday?", "tatoeba_id": 124483 }, { "ja": "その公演は万雷の拍手を受けた。", "furigana": "その{公演|こうえん}は{万雷|ばんらい}の{拍手|はくしゅ}を{受|う}けた。", "en": "The performance was received with applause.", "tatoeba_id": 210747 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "44a423957cab23377cab9beaa82f3863dc6288740a48b287434071e4091315b3", "meanings": [ "公演" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "土曜に私と芝居の公演を見ませんか。", "zh": "星期六和我一起去看戏剧公演好吗？" }, { "ja": "その公演は万雷の拍手を受けた。", "zh": "那场演出获得了雷鸣般的掌声。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/27878d4524", "JMdict ent_seq 1273280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4147f32bcdc0a32b0d1baaee285d709bb8c0f3c70f8ad037313c3303fef45ab6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "75e6d23e26", "word": "後悔", "reading": "こうかい", "romaji": "koukai", "meanings": [ "regret", "repentance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1269510, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は仕事をやめたことを後悔した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{仕事|しごと}をやめたことを{後悔|こうかい}した。", "en": "He regretted having quit his job.", "tatoeba_id": 106625 }, { "ja": "彼はやがて後悔するようになった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はやがて{後悔|こうかい}するようになった。", "en": "He came to repent before long.", "tatoeba_id": 110519 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c7bd1877a94d916914f318c241f4b5ef3d6564d70fdeecb97d37a4f47d5c1cf3", "meanings": [ "后悔" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は仕事をやめたことを後悔した。", "zh": "他后悔辞了工作。" }, { "ja": "彼はやがて後悔するようになった。", "zh": "他后来开始后悔了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/75e6d23e26", "JMdict ent_seq 1269510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7558afba1b14065769c0b7ac5bf956c8f786519e507296e2f58598a03a8bb09b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e32ba3fdba", "word": "公開", "reading": "こうかい", "romaji": "koukai", "meanings": [ "presenting to the public" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1273370, "examples": [ { "ja": "この公園はすべての人に公開されている。", "furigana": "この{公園|こうえん}はすべての{人|ひと}に{公開|こうかい}されている。", "en": "The park is open to everybody.", "tatoeba_id": 222003 }, { "ja": "その博物館は一般に公開されている。", "furigana": "その{博物館|はくぶつかん}は{一般|いっぱん}に{公開|こうかい}されている。", "en": "The museum is open to the public.", "tatoeba_id": 207244 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "22bfd20276f50203489d636e2e8bd098a015b34011af63f209a5e1558c69b770", "meanings": [ "公开", "向公众开放" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この公園はすべての人に公開されている。", "zh": "这个公园向所有人开放。" }, { "ja": "その博物館は一般に公開されている。", "zh": "那座博物馆向公众开放。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e32ba3fdba", "JMdict ent_seq 1273370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f4dbbadafebe963d049586da7f65e08438170cd6f10bd50d1efa26e0b4a8fc32", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f5aa5ef963", "word": "航海", "reading": "こうかい", "romaji": "koukai", "meanings": [ "sail", "voyage" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1281250, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのヨットは順調に航海中だ。", "en": "The yacht is under smooth sail.", "tatoeba_id": 212461 }, { "ja": "人生はしばしば航海に例えられる。", "furigana": "{人生|じんせい}はしばしば{航海|こうかい}に{例|たと}えられる。", "en": "Life is often compared to a voyage.", "tatoeba_id": 143997 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "89cc5f78ffa9f8ca994759f187f3922171fc070596d35d43dd46b5b8772b73b1", "meanings": [ "航海", "航行" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのヨットは順調に航海中だ。", "zh": "那艘游艇正在顺利航行。" }, { "ja": "人生はしばしば航海に例えられる。", "zh": "人生常被比作航海。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f5aa5ef963", "JMdict ent_seq 1281250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "49dd926d330e01edd0645b80613aa14ee4f2b54a70a9482ba253bf45624ed6ac", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a5d1a21d8e", "word": "工学", "reading": "こうがく", "romaji": "kougaku", "meanings": [ "engineering" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1278010, "examples": [ { "ja": "戦後日本は科学と工学に大いに進歩した。", "en": "Since the war, Japan has advanced greatly in science and technology.", "tatoeba_id": 141325 }, { "ja": "その大学生は工学を学んでいます。", "furigana": "その{大学生|だいがくせい}は{工学|こうがく}を{学|まな}んでいます。", "en": "That college student is studying engineering.", "tatoeba_id": 522655 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3a086e391b7c96726a43e3286f9ab750cf1e5745a49999bb1a4e8339f994097d", "meanings": [ "工学", "工程学" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "戦後日本は科学と工学に大いに進歩した。", "zh": "战后日本在科学和工程学方面取得了巨大进步。" }, { "ja": "その大学生は工学を学んでいます。", "zh": "那位大学生在学习工程学。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a5d1a21d8e", "JMdict ent_seq 1278010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d5e92254c9764172dde495a0a86b028f55cc3afba75b072369dca8a1750e66f8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "13c74583e7", "word": "抗議", "reading": "こうぎ", "romaji": "kougi", "meanings": [ "protest", "objection" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1278860, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はこれを抗議と解釈した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はこれを{抗議|こうぎ}と{解釈|かいしゃく}した。", "en": "I interpreted this as a protest.", "tatoeba_id": 160710 }, { "ja": "彼は指を立てて抗議の意を示した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{指|ゆび}を{立|た}てて{抗議|こうぎ}の{意|い}を{示|しめ}した。", "en": "He raised a finger in protest.", "tatoeba_id": 106489 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2d6e979123260835e9b0e78059fea6bbe554211807755f664bb9d81c135c5702", "meanings": [ "抗议" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はこれを抗議と解釈した。", "zh": "我把这理解为抗议。" }, { "ja": "彼は指を立てて抗議の意を示した。", "zh": "他竖起手指表示抗议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/13c74583e7", "JMdict ent_seq 1278860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e42c06d1f413a64be254f2cf6462103d621a45ca7a0b1ec9c84b976607aa2107", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "925301438b", "word": "強気", "reading": "ごうぎ", "romaji": "gougi", "meanings": [ "great", "grand" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1799670, "examples": [ { "ja": "豪儀なふるまいに驚いた。", "en": "I was surprised by the grand gesture." }, { "ja": "豪儀な人だと評判だった。", "en": "He had a reputation for being grand and generous." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "cd3834c243ae289a8ac7c5ffebdc8aae5020e36d82d4c30d3493b3f7fcb258c5", "meanings": [ "豪爽", "了不起" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "豪儀なふるまいに驚いた。", "zh": "我对那豪爽的举动感到惊讶。" }, { "ja": "豪儀な人だと評判だった。", "zh": "他以豪爽大方闻名。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/925301438b", "JMdict ent_seq 1799670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "94d75612309a37921e566a1eecd73afb74797c57f88b503041f3619bd8ae6b3f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cbbb3f1bb9", "word": "合議", "reading": "ごうぎ", "romaji": "gougi", "meanings": [ "consultation", "conference" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1284700, "examples": [ { "ja": "裁判官が合議して判断する。", "en": "The judges deliberate together before deciding." }, { "ja": "委員による合議で決めた。", "en": "It was decided through deliberation by the committee members." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4eb27dc9f8f5d8fea0841a235c1cd0333157d5b7b823968dc29c0279382870c5", "meanings": [ "合议", "协商" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "裁判官が合議して判断する。", "zh": "法官合议后作出判断。" }, { "ja": "委員による合議で決めた。", "zh": "由委员合议决定。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cbbb3f1bb9", "JMdict ent_seq 1284700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d4f2be953fd221a2fa19503c61dd9bc30a1897f0a0818d620f3ca7f7c66356d6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "aec480ac67", "word": "皇居", "reading": "こうきょ", "romaji": "koukyo", "meanings": [ "Imperial Palace" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1280380, "examples": [ { "ja": "王家の家族は皇居に住んでいる。", "furigana": "{王家|おうけ}の{家族|かぞく}は{皇居|こうきょ}に{住|す}んでいる。", "en": "The royal family lives in the Imperial Palace.", "tatoeba_id": 188484 }, { "ja": "最高裁判所は皇居の近くにある。", "furigana": "{最高裁判所|さいこうさいばんしょ}は{皇居|こうきょ}の{近|ちか}くにある。", "en": "The Supreme Court is located near the Imperial Palace.", "tatoeba_id": 170533 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f03547c4321954a01122b8e39e031232f1d161e64b580631ec9945dee029d6f0", "meanings": [ "皇居" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "王家の家族は皇居に住んでいる。", "zh": "皇室成员住在皇居。" }, { "ja": "最高裁判所は皇居の近くにある。", "zh": "最高法院在皇居附近。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aec480ac67", "JMdict ent_seq 1280380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4797e59271013ba996ace9bfa2ad4a03b5776dcb66f9cf97a23174ef8c55eddc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1137fc3ef3", "word": "好況", "reading": "こうきょう", "romaji": "koukyou", "meanings": [ "prosperous conditions", "healthy economy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1277620, "examples": [ { "ja": "好況と不況は交互に来る。", "furigana": "{好況|こうきょう}と{不況|ふきょう}は{交互|こうご}に{来|く}る。", "en": "Good times alternate with bad.", "tatoeba_id": 173749 }, { "ja": "日本経済は当時、前例のない好況にあった。", "furigana": "{日本経済|にほんけいざい}は{当時|とうじ}、{前例|ぜんれい}のない{好況|こうきょう}にあった。", "en": "The Japanese economy was in an unprecedented boom at that time.", "tatoeba_id": 122369 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "dca6f73480b6c994f09a63707e2bf99ff1de408285d561247ae28339544cce3d", "meanings": [ "经济景气" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "好況と不況は交互に来る。", "zh": "繁荣与不景气交替出现。" }, { "ja": "日本経済は当時、前例のない好況にあった。", "zh": "当时日本经济处于前所未有的繁荣期。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1137fc3ef3", "JMdict ent_seq 1277620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0d70800afe6b0016a74b9133d40c83a2884895264a0456c14e0d4957c87681b8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "334ba829ae", "word": "興業", "reading": "こうぎょう", "romaji": "kougyou", "meanings": [ "industrial enterprise" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1238240, "examples": [ { "ja": "地域の興業を支援する。", "en": "Support the development of local industry." }, { "ja": "興業のために資金を集めた。", "en": "Funds were raised to start an industrial enterprise." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5eb0b55979100093afafb158d7518fa3e3b1ff4e350a732463d08ad9a37d8d76", "meanings": [ "兴办产业" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "地域の興業を支援する。", "zh": "支持当地兴办产业。" }, { "ja": "興業のために資金を集めた。", "zh": "为兴办产业筹集了资金。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/334ba829ae", "JMdict ent_seq 1238240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "746cdb6680bcdc3a0635d4f8fd8834a094c63fe0831b6d9376c8d9f2470a9233", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5630137157", "word": "鉱業", "reading": "こうぎょう", "romaji": "kougyou", "meanings": [ "mining industry" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1282560, "examples": [ { "ja": "鉱業はチリの主要な収入源の一つである。", "en": "Mining is one of the main sources of wealth in Chile.", "tatoeba_id": 2955388 }, { "ja": "鉱業は地域の重要な産業だ。", "en": "Mining is an important local industry." }, { "ja": "鉱業の歴史を調べた。", "en": "I researched the history of mining." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "691403c7ef2ea95fbc8e8b50b24f9a035f9a138d4acc5fed90145924b1fd6d9f", "meanings": [ "矿业" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "鉱業はチリの主要な収入源の一つである。", "zh": "矿业是智利的主要收入来源之一。" }, { "ja": "鉱業は地域の重要な産業だ。", "zh": "矿业是当地的重要产业。" }, { "ja": "鉱業の歴史を調べた。", "zh": "我调查了矿业的历史。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5630137157", "JMdict ent_seq 1282560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e34ecb119f9300d75e395313d268a7b42e5ec207bd2088a8a956768d1aa84a0f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1d68ad437b", "word": "高原", "reading": "こうげん", "romaji": "kougen", "meanings": [ "tableland", "plateau" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1283490, "examples": [ { "ja": "高原を散歩するのは楽しい。", "furigana": "{高原|こうげん}を{散歩|さんぽ}するのは{楽|たの}しい。", "en": "It's pleasant to take a walk on the plateau.", "tatoeba_id": 173214 }, { "ja": "高原の空気は涼しい。", "en": "The air on the plateau is cool." }, { "ja": "高原を歩いて景色を楽しんだ。", "en": "I walked across the plateau and enjoyed the scenery." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5274921a46e997300a05c6998a3a3d416daa9c42fae4991b349faef5579b14a4", "meanings": [ "高原" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "高原を散歩するのは楽しい。", "zh": "在高原散步很愉快。" }, { "ja": "高原の空気は涼しい。", "zh": "高原的空气很凉爽。" }, { "ja": "高原を歩いて景色を楽しんだ。", "zh": "我在高原上行走，欣赏风景。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1d68ad437b", "JMdict ent_seq 1283490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "eec634457dfef39b9b876c321510fb4e2b346bdb12a2bab1ba122e2a42349875", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b755e6195d", "word": "交互", "reading": "こうご", "romaji": "kougo", "meanings": [ "mutual", "reciprocal", "alternate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1271940, "examples": [ { "ja": "好況と不況は交互に来る。", "furigana": "{好況|こうきょう}と{不況|ふきょう}は{交互|こうご}に{来|く}る。", "en": "Good times alternate with bad.", "tatoeba_id": 173749 }, { "ja": "雨と雪が交互に降った一週間だった。", "furigana": "{雨|あめ}と{雪|ゆき}が{交互|こうご}に{降|ふ}った{一週間|いっしゅうかん}だった。", "en": "It was a week of alternating snow and rain.", "tatoeba_id": 189640 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c4a35946cacbcb1b51c5cd81f1f3c1b523c607d9452b93d858ba0dd6db144607", "meanings": [ "交替" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "好況と不況は交互に来る。", "zh": "繁荣与不景气交替出现。" }, { "ja": "雨と雪が交互に降った一週間だった。", "zh": "那一周雨雪交替。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b755e6195d", "JMdict ent_seq 1271940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "21b0bfb76498eeea20266fd54f302016a5251dd4ac7f21e63d8b3a228b8389c4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "24113c7b64", "word": "煌々と", "reading": "こうこうと", "romaji": "koukouto", "meanings": [ "brilliantly", "brightly" ], "level": "N1", "examples": [ { "ja": "月は煌々と輝いていた。", "en": "The moon was shining brightly.", "tatoeba_id": 3468683 }, { "ja": "ジャクージの傍には蝋燭が煌々と輝いていた。", "en": "Candles gleamed brightly beside the jacuzzi.", "tatoeba_id": 408935 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a0a18db8fb2541ab33a6b36e28a59c7c4d93a86b38c97644713b5781eda32642", "meanings": [ "明亮地", "皎洁地" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "月は煌々と輝いていた。", "zh": "月亮皎洁地照耀着。" }, { "ja": "ジャクージの傍には蝋燭が煌々と輝いていた。", "zh": "按摩浴缸旁的蜡烛明亮地燃烧着。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/24113c7b64", "Japanese examples and spelling reviewed directly by Codex; no JMdict entry was linked", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bf8095d71f5b2228d3f9b16e9685217241b11cfbf6557c17878ecf84cf657420", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "22c467a634", "word": "考古学", "reading": "こうこがく", "romaji": "koukogaku", "meanings": [ "archaeology" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1281120, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は考古学者の助手である。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{考古学者|こうこがくしゃ}の{助手|じょしゅ}である。", "en": "He is an archeologist's assistant.", "tatoeba_id": 107344 }, { "ja": "私は考古学者です。", "en": "I'm an archaeologist.", "tatoeba_id": 9840089 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e3a5da7495f0301a666f61fade5f0a91ed2f69a67e50f63dccdcb7e7519a9f54", "meanings": [ "考古学" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は考古学者の助手である。", "zh": "他是考古学家的助手。" }, { "ja": "私は考古学者です。", "zh": "我是考古学家。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/22c467a634", "JMdict ent_seq 1281120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e93f86d1bb7afad422bcb7ff56bde1ce6369b2622d1c6e5d0cc34cb93b79598d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0fafecee52", "word": "工作", "reading": "こうさく", "romaji": "kousaku", "meanings": [ "work", "construction", "handicraft", "maneuvering" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1278100, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は工作に熟練している。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{工作|こうさく}に{熟練|じゅくれん}している。", "en": "He is skilled in handicraft.", "tatoeba_id": 107395 }, { "ja": "彼は工作がうまい。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{工作|こうさく}がうまい。", "en": "He has skill in handwork.", "tatoeba_id": 107396 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0ee9b6bbdb77177a4a62eaff552eed7fdaec24177f76a6f81747e6875cdae3a9", "meanings": [ "手工", "制作" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は工作に熟練している。", "zh": "他擅长手工制作。" }, { "ja": "彼は工作がうまい。", "zh": "他手工做得好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0fafecee52", "JMdict ent_seq 1278100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ace8a36b01fe573dffe2c47b409bbf84f166e62a3723f48c705c68cb513b71c3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "06a25be1a7", "word": "耕作", "reading": "こうさく", "romaji": "kousaku", "meanings": [ "cultivation", "farming" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1280970, "examples": [ { "ja": "３００年間、彼らは周囲の土地を耕作してきた。", "furigana": "３００{年間|ねんかん}、{彼|かれ}らは{周囲|しゅうい}の{土地|とち}を{耕作|こうさく}してきた。", "en": "For three hundred years they have farmed the surrounding land.", "tatoeba_id": 235382 }, { "ja": "土地を耕作して野菜を育てる。", "en": "Cultivate the land and grow vegetables." }, { "ja": "この畑は長年耕作されてきた。", "en": "This field has been cultivated for many years." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "20ae1326b6f920bf81f3570602071ddd831c8e1b0cf326c128e5a89730f0f333", "meanings": [ "耕作" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "３００年間、彼らは周囲の土地を耕作してきた。", "zh": "三百年来，他们一直耕种周围的土地。" }, { "ja": "土地を耕作して野菜を育てる。", "zh": "耕种土地种植蔬菜。" }, { "ja": "この畑は長年耕作されてきた。", "zh": "这块田地耕作多年。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/06a25be1a7", "JMdict ent_seq 1280970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8892435de0a5d12f18eceb7e7ff7606798f741447c7a8c0979fb8ccf88c96221", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "64b65e1fa8", "word": "鉱山", "reading": "こうざん", "romaji": "kouzan", "meanings": [ "mine (ore)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1282570, "examples": [ { "ja": "この鉱山は来月閉山になる。", "en": "This mine will close down next month.", "tatoeba_id": 221968 }, { "ja": "その鉱山は閉鎖している。", "furigana": "その{鉱山|こうざん}は{閉鎖|へいさ}している。", "en": "That mine has shut down.", "tatoeba_id": 210669 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2582ddf8037266ad016ea275ebbd31e64a75a5b819a6f526984ba6a2b4bac7e4", "meanings": [ "矿山" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この鉱山は来月閉山になる。", "zh": "这座矿山下个月关闭。" }, { "ja": "その鉱山は閉鎖している。", "zh": "那座矿山已经关闭。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/64b65e1fa8", "JMdict ent_seq 1282570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4b0fc1a03f9a966d154330962dbe7f96b0cfbd3ba78808e21caf27b3f8c04009", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "30f8be8da2", "word": "講習", "reading": "こうしゅう", "romaji": "koushuu", "meanings": [ "short course", "training" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1282290, "examples": [ { "ja": "集中講習で私のフランス語は驚くほど上達した。", "en": "The intensive course did wonders for my French.", "tatoeba_id": 148103 }, { "ja": "彼女は週に一度料理の講習を受ける。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{週|しゅう}に{一度|いちど}{料理|りょうり}の{講習|こうしゅう}を{受|う}ける。", "en": "She takes cooking lessons once a week.", "tatoeba_id": 88784 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ee32469e6d5f3505a5db0832ec4960f3018f9058d3d25837aaafbd30714a72d6", "meanings": [ "讲习", "培训" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "集中講習で私のフランス語は驚くほど上達した。", "zh": "通过集中培训，我的法语进步得令人惊讶。" }, { "ja": "彼女は週に一度料理の講習を受ける。", "zh": "她每周参加一次烹饪培训。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/30f8be8da2", "JMdict ent_seq 1282290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4b03b16ab286d5de818b9ccd223050524d05a8df56a4b22dd0130a811446c033", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "52798b0447", "word": "口述", "reading": "こうじゅつ", "romaji": "koujutsu", "meanings": [ "verbal statement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1276310, "examples": [ { "ja": "秘書はボスが口述するのを受けた。", "furigana": "{秘書|ひしょ}はボスが{口述|こうじゅつ}するのを{受|う}けた。", "en": "The secretary took dictation from her boss.", "tatoeba_id": 85864 }, { "ja": "上司は秘書にタイプさせるために手紙を口述した。", "furigana": "{上司|じょうし}は{秘書|ひしょ}にタイプさせるために{手紙|てがみ}を{口述|こうじゅつ}した。", "en": "My boss dictated a letter for his secretary to type.", "tatoeba_id": 146228 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "48abcbbb55c66d08a30a86b2c4a69d00aa61fa7bcccc22764839ed8bac0400de", "meanings": [ "口述" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "秘書はボスが口述するのを受けた。", "zh": "秘书记录了老板的口述。" }, { "ja": "上司は秘書にタイプさせるために手紙を口述した。", "zh": "上司口述信件，让秘书打字。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/52798b0447", "JMdict ent_seq 1276310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1037c25ac0f77613e733879cbc909b840effc4afe302cdec51f4d96461fac47e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c2da32810a", "word": "控除", "reading": "こうじょ", "romaji": "koujo", "meanings": [ "subsidy", "deduction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1279080, "examples": [ { "ja": "税務署は控除を認めた。", "furigana": "{税務署|ぜいむしょ}は{控除|こうじょ}を{認|みと}めた。", "en": "The tax agent allowed the deduction.", "tatoeba_id": 142475 }, { "ja": "慈善事業への寄付は課税所得から控除されます。", "furigana": "{慈善事業|じぜんじぎょう}への{寄付|きふ}は{課税所得|かぜいしょとく}から{控除|こうじょ}されます。", "en": "Donations to philanthropic programs are tax-exempt.", "tatoeba_id": 150729 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9abf179123b788154057de587403f85ebf99b6cb81bf1a052e310c9804818a91", "meanings": [ "扣除" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "税務署は控除を認めた。", "zh": "税务部门允许扣除。" }, { "ja": "慈善事業への寄付は課税所得から控除されます。", "zh": "慈善捐款从应税收入中扣除。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c2da32810a", "JMdict ent_seq 1279080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "aecf290a01c2e691880c142d957919f2a4f8be2116e1b4ebb529999f711cbca4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "087e2a9fbd", "word": "交渉", "reading": "こうしょう", "romaji": "koushou", "meanings": [ "negotiations", "discussions", "connection" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1272110, "examples": [ { "ja": "労働組合は経営陣と交渉している。", "furigana": "{労働組合|ろうどうくみあい}は{経営陣|けいえいじん}と{交渉|こうしょう}している。", "en": "The labor union is negotiating with the owners.", "tatoeba_id": 77349 }, { "ja": "哲学者は世間とあまり交渉を持たない傾向がある。", "furigana": "{哲学者|てつがくしゃ}は{世間|せけん}とあまり{交渉|こうしょう}を{持|も}たない{傾向|けいこう}がある。", "en": "Philosophers tend to have little contact with the outside world.", "tatoeba_id": 125255 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b973dda4daaa9ad841be3076ced0629f82c3c94339af01d21de84733893e80de", "meanings": [ "交涉", "往来" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "労働組合は経営陣と交渉している。", "zh": "工会正在与管理层谈判。" }, { "ja": "哲学者は世間とあまり交渉を持たない傾向がある。", "zh": "哲学家往往与世俗交往不多。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/087e2a9fbd", "JMdict ent_seq 1272110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d1da8c5589a2c3c312d4b9ac2ddc44a0b079c22ba4b123f73ea5ed24af92b8b3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e6156e0e0d", "word": "高尚", "reading": "こうしょう", "romaji": "koushou", "meanings": [ "high", "noble", "refined", "advanced" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1283610, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は趣味が高尚です。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{趣味|しゅみ}が{高尚|こうしょう}です。", "en": "He has elegant tastes.", "tatoeba_id": 104439 }, { "ja": "高尚な理想を掲げた。", "en": "He upheld noble ideals." }, { "ja": "高尚な趣味を持っている。", "en": "She has refined tastes." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "73da16b1e6015019c58daf044a0e93df0578808e56d80310d0a597e76e00279b", "meanings": [ "高尚", "高雅" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は趣味が高尚です。", "zh": "他的兴趣很高雅。" }, { "ja": "高尚な理想を掲げた。", "zh": "他提出了高尚的理想。" }, { "ja": "高尚な趣味を持っている。", "zh": "她的兴趣很高雅。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e6156e0e0d", "JMdict ent_seq 1283610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "25212ccfc635612fc03e7e1f64f57ade8bf6d0001e80b1897d0dd518f2543939", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6a99d0c518", "word": "向上", "reading": "こうじょう", "romaji": "koujou", "meanings": [ "elevation", "rise", "improvement", "advancement", "progress" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1277250, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の英語力は著しく向上した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}の{英語|えいご}{力|りょく}は{著|いちじる}しく{向上|こうじょう}した。", "en": "He has made remarkable progress in English.", "tatoeba_id": 118097 }, { "ja": "生活水準の向上が急務である。", "furigana": "{生活水準|せいかつすいじゅん}の{向上|こうじょう}が{急務|きゅうむ}である。", "en": "There is an urgent need for improved living conditions.", "tatoeba_id": 2305138 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "33910d181fa56c315273259326dda55c099bc1817c23819439321f1ad879f496", "meanings": [ "提高", "进步" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の英語力は著しく向上した。", "zh": "他的英语能力显著提高。" }, { "ja": "生活水準の向上が急務である。", "zh": "提高生活水平刻不容缓。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6a99d0c518", "JMdict ent_seq 1277250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "76703beb356795c5a6e9583081c91659c4e2dd0e1fb9302fa3c8ed8bc94c1b32", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8eaf15f84c", "word": "行進", "reading": "こうしん", "romaji": "koushin", "meanings": [ "march", "parade" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1281980, "examples": [ { "ja": "道は行進にさしつかえない。", "furigana": "{道|みち}は{行進|こうしん}にさしつかえない。", "en": "The way is free for an advance.", "tatoeba_id": 123580 }, { "ja": "隊長は兵士たちを従えて行進した。", "furigana": "{隊長|たいちょう}は{兵士|へいし}たちを{従|したが}えて{行進|こうしん}した。", "en": "The commanding officer marched, with soldiers following behind.", "tatoeba_id": 137856 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8fd3863292b297c39b97e670c698c6eeb7662b13b992d13f863dd35bda9cbdac", "meanings": [ "行进", "游行" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "道は行進にさしつかえない。", "zh": "道路不妨碍行进。" }, { "ja": "隊長は兵士たちを従えて行進した。", "zh": "队长带领士兵行进。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8eaf15f84c", "JMdict ent_seq 1281980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "529686998f33ca295b7ac0325e7c25187bc590e876039b0e41b81453e6a8e96d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8aa704aca6", "word": "香辛料", "reading": "こうしんりょう", "romaji": "koushinryou", "meanings": [ "spices" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1283050, "examples": [ { "ja": "韓国料理は、香辛料のきいた味でよく知られている。", "furigana": "{韓国|かんこく}{料理|りょうり}は、{香辛料|こうしんりょう}のきいた{味|あじ}でよく{知|し}られている。", "en": "Korean food is noted for its spicy flavor.", "tatoeba_id": 183690 }, { "ja": "料理に香辛料を加える。", "en": "Add spices to the dish." }, { "ja": "香辛料の香りが広がった。", "en": "The aroma of spices spread." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bca9a7dd5176c0b6f3d5b90c087d6229bbdf9432de842f1fff2fb7914cae58ee", "meanings": [ "香辛料" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "韓国料理は、香辛料のきいた味でよく知られている。", "zh": "韩国料理以香辛料浓郁的味道闻名。" }, { "ja": "料理に香辛料を加える。", "zh": "在料理中加入香辛料。" }, { "ja": "香辛料の香りが広がった。", "zh": "香辛料的香味弥漫开来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8aa704aca6", "JMdict ent_seq 1283050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7bcee0fb79f6dbae67a1da86e449be8dd12c7b2ab758d03d8d28cd4811ae33be", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "22383cfb48", "word": "降水", "reading": "こうすい", "romaji": "kousui", "meanings": [ "rainfall", "precipitation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1282890, "examples": [ { "ja": "今月の降水量は少ない。", "en": "Precipitation is low this month." }, { "ja": "降水の予報を確認する。", "en": "Check the precipitation forecast." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7291dd28eefac762dc94a7d53d15b6e1a981d95b4babdd89e5f20c48f19758b0", "meanings": [ "降水" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "今月の降水量は少ない。", "zh": "这个月降水量少。" }, { "ja": "降水の予報を確認する。", "zh": "查看降水预报。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/22383cfb48", "JMdict ent_seq 1282890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "80f436bb49d3dcadee3cfdc85807ce69bb43749c9a60a5e5adccb6f5bca9a4d3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6c44a3132f", "word": "洪水", "reading": "こうずい", "romaji": "kouzui", "meanings": [ "flood" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1279930, "examples": [ { "ja": "洪水がその村を飲み込んでしまった。", "furigana": "{洪水|こうずい}がその{村|むら}を{飲|の}み{込|こ}んでしまった。", "en": "The flood overwhelmed the village.", "tatoeba_id": 173551 }, { "ja": "大雨は洪水となって被害を与えた。", "furigana": "{大雨|おおあめ}は{洪水|こうずい}となって{被害|ひがい}を{与|あた}えた。", "en": "The heavy rain brought the flood, causing damage.", "tatoeba_id": 137661 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d283ef0eede99c4e8aee6f45c50c28d9403995c558b1b5f734bce68c7015a4b9", "meanings": [ "洪水" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "洪水がその村を飲み込んでしまった。", "zh": "洪水吞没了那个村庄。" }, { "ja": "大雨は洪水となって被害を与えた。", "zh": "大雨引发洪水，造成损害。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6c44a3132f", "JMdict ent_seq 1279930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a9b70e968c73938b41b6255c2199567a3b45aba7752aea80d54d4f739922e780", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "36f0eeba9f", "word": "合成", "reading": "ごうせい", "romaji": "gousei", "meanings": [ "synthesis", "composition", "synthetic", "composite", "mixed", "combined", "compound" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1284940, "examples": [ { "ja": "二つの画像を合成する。", "en": "Combine two images." }, { "ja": "化学物質を人工的に合成した。", "en": "A chemical substance was synthesized artificially." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d18f6615a916be0d53b63c3de154e67ea7bcb006527f1ce1c40ff798951c92f9", "meanings": [ "合成" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "二つの画像を合成する。", "zh": "合成两张图像。" }, { "ja": "化学物質を人工的に合成した。", "zh": "化学物质被人工合成。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/36f0eeba9f", "JMdict ent_seq 1284940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cfe56cb6b4c4868f5d7284288e520ca39aeaeab66adcb76d6d7b23d9c3c3f5f4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "aa577197fc", "word": "公然", "reading": "こうぜん", "romaji": "kouzen", "meanings": [ "open (e.g. secret)", "public", "official" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "adj-t", "adv-to" ], "jmdict_id": 1274190, "examples": [ { "ja": "その国は公然と核武装するとおどしている。", "en": "That country has openly threatened to go nuclear.", "tatoeba_id": 210603 }, { "ja": "公然と悪態をつかないでよ。", "en": "Don't swear in public.", "tatoeba_id": 173991 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "04411b028bc5b2c04900c5538c855918c7622d7145f73ec721ded52fcea67ab2", "meanings": [ "公开", "公然" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その国は公然と核武装するとおどしている。", "zh": "那个国家公开威胁要发展核武装。" }, { "ja": "公然と悪態をつかないでよ。", "zh": "不要公开骂人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aa577197fc", "JMdict ent_seq 1274190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cae10e1fe64e1b7883def8aa44584f21ec15bc1c7f9ac542671081edace1fd9c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "01d0e9895f", "word": "抗争", "reading": "こうそう", "romaji": "kousou", "meanings": [ "dispute", "resistance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1278950, "examples": [ { "ja": "新聞は２党間の抗争を報じた。", "en": "The newspaper reported friction between the two parties.", "tatoeba_id": 145147 }, { "ja": "派閥内の抗争が審議に支障をきたしました。", "furigana": "{派閥|はばつ}{内|ない}の{抗争|こうそう}が{審議|しんぎ}に{支障|ししょう}をきたしました。", "en": "Factional in-fighting threw a monkey wrench into the deliberations.", "tatoeba_id": 121651 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7f12de814509a2c01ecb32477873410b474c470bb659fcf392c4bc5dfac26049", "meanings": [ "争斗", "冲突" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新聞は２党間の抗争を報じた。", "zh": "报纸报道了两党之间的争斗。" }, { "ja": "派閥内の抗争が審議に支障をきたしました。", "zh": "派系内部的争斗妨碍了审议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/01d0e9895f", "JMdict ent_seq 1278950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2eb6abde1a91896ccfe0fdc599300779d7416ed1c667c5f3a7a405467b15ab69", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e6a8a40d3e", "word": "構想", "reading": "こうそう", "romaji": "kousou", "meanings": [ "plan", "plot", "idea", "conception" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1279780, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女が建設的な構想を持つ。", "en": "She has constructive ideas.", "tatoeba_id": 175400 }, { "ja": "新しい事業の構想を練った。", "en": "We developed a vision for a new venture." }, { "ja": "構想を具体的な計画にする。", "en": "Turn an idea into a concrete plan." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "cdfa9a5e42f8c1633f6057fa93b25136a98b18152eca51d7fd463b2eb7d4f9ef", "meanings": [ "构想" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女が建設的な構想を持つ。", "zh": "她有一个建设性的构想。" }, { "ja": "新しい事業の構想を練った。", "zh": "我们构思了新的事业计划。" }, { "ja": "構想を具体的な計画にする。", "zh": "把构想变成具体计划。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e6a8a40d3e", "JMdict ent_seq 1279780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7d1286679d736cc183cc220942cde4d9cfb3e34a8fa2f4e81e73799b199d1d7b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7113165c32", "word": "拘束", "reading": "こうそく", "romaji": "kousoku", "meanings": [ "restriction", "restraint" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1279000, "examples": [ { "ja": "この決定は諸君全部を拘束するものではない。", "furigana": "この{決定|けってい}は{諸君|しょくん}{全部|ぜんぶ}を{拘束|こうそく}するものではない。", "en": "This decision is not binding on all of you.", "tatoeba_id": 222175 }, { "ja": "悪名高い反乱兵はついに捕らえられ、拘置所に身柄を拘束された。", "en": "The notorious rebel was ultimately captured and confined to jail.", "tatoeba_id": 191361 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c3e9bd5749d1836267e4e46a2a36ea50405382394a1ba3bee0df83eba97ca7c8", "meanings": [ "拘束", "限制" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この決定は諸君全部を拘束するものではない。", "zh": "这个决定并不约束你们所有人。" }, { "ja": "悪名高い反乱兵はついに捕らえられ、拘置所に身柄を拘束された。", "zh": "臭名昭著的叛乱分子最终被捕，拘押在拘留所。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7113165c32", "JMdict ent_seq 1279000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c9d377dc071aaaef42fb28c77143e9c29b48990a58566533f74a4495384f1f54", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "802b0bd9ca", "word": "後退", "reading": "こうたい", "romaji": "koutai", "meanings": [ "retreat", "backspace (BS)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1269880, "examples": [ { "ja": "自動車の売れ行きは年度末に後退しました。", "furigana": "{自動車|じどうしゃ}の{売|う}れ{行|ゆ}きは{年度末|ねんどまつ}に{後退|こうたい}しました。", "en": "Automobile sales suffered a setback at the end of the financial year.", "tatoeba_id": 150041 }, { "ja": "彼は前進も後退もすまいと決めた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{前進|ぜんしん}も{後退|こうたい}もすまいと{決|き}めた。", "en": "He decided neither to advance nor to retreat.", "tatoeba_id": 102975 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "da88a20a9c754db1d00d02b9e707fe0333fa40765e411c248a34625c345d6655", "meanings": [ "后退", "衰退" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "自動車の売れ行きは年度末に後退しました。", "zh": "汽车销量在年末下降了。" }, { "ja": "彼は前進も後退もすまいと決めた。", "zh": "他决定既不前进也不后退。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/802b0bd9ca", "JMdict ent_seq 1269880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f5c69d89ce8b5a25bdfb3e7e90fbb0cc315a64d967c5b542c8babe828b4c5a00", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c1adc6f591", "word": "光沢", "reading": "こうたく", "romaji": "koutaku", "meanings": [ "brilliance", "polish", "lustre", "glossy finish (of photographs)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1273050, "examples": [ { "ja": "この指輪は光沢をうしなった。", "furigana": "この{指輪|ゆびわ}は{光沢|こうたく}をうしなった。", "en": "This ring lost its luster.", "tatoeba_id": 221743 }, { "ja": "磨くと金属に光沢が出る。", "en": "Polishing gives the metal a shine." }, { "ja": "布の光沢が美しい。", "en": "The fabric has a beautiful sheen." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4c65c5b0c292551119a70a820ccc59626af874a19c501a5d17e4cdbd5e363600", "meanings": [ "光泽" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この指輪は光沢をうしなった。", "zh": "这枚戒指失去了光泽。" }, { "ja": "磨くと金属に光沢が出る。", "zh": "打磨后金属会有光泽。" }, { "ja": "布の光沢が美しい。", "zh": "布料的光泽很美。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c1adc6f591", "JMdict ent_seq 1273050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f14c77c5cc1918b5a62b648cba193ae926dca0f8bc8b2ace842acddcb9f1f335", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5d6639a067", "word": "公団", "reading": "こうだん", "romaji": "koudan", "meanings": [ "public corporation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1274280, "examples": [ { "ja": "公団は建設計画の入札を募集した。", "en": "The corporation invited bids for the construction project.", "tatoeba_id": 173990 }, { "ja": "公団が住宅を建設した。", "en": "The public corporation built housing." }, { "ja": "公団の事業を調べた。", "en": "I researched the public corporation’s projects." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7b944e51270a1280ae758a2a42fff388cd8b5b8adbc6eb10b164f7afc0e2646a", "meanings": [ "公团" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "公団は建設計画の入札を募集した。", "zh": "公团为建设计划征集投标。" }, { "ja": "公団が住宅を建設した。", "zh": "公团建设了住宅。" }, { "ja": "公団の事業を調べた。", "zh": "我调查了公团的事业。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5d6639a067", "JMdict ent_seq 1274280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8519ab6cc16912ec32735f60ba8dd56dd5de7da8940df703e0db3fdfb9d7708a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c11852e9f0", "word": "好調", "reading": "こうちょう", "romaji": "kouchou", "meanings": [ "favourable", "promising", "satisfactory", "in good shape" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1277730, "examples": [ { "ja": "滑り出しが好調なら事は半ば成就したのに等しい。", "furigana": "{滑|すべ}り{出|だ}しが{好調|こうちょう}なら{事|こと}は{半|なか}ば{成就|じょうじゅ}したのに{等|ひと}しい。", "en": "Well begun is half done.", "tatoeba_id": 184103 }, { "ja": "彼女好調ですね。", "en": "She's on a roll.", "tatoeba_id": 86075 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "77882483d95f1b1340ceabd9b84d220427fcfcb927d5a628564287f4d6e07f11", "meanings": [ "顺利", "状态好" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "滑り出しが好調なら事は半ば成就したのに等しい。", "zh": "开头顺利就等于成功了一半。" }, { "ja": "彼女好調ですね。", "zh": "她状态很好啊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c11852e9f0", "JMdict ent_seq 1277730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6a972e154f2942ead425465f6e9807c513ff663e92b01d320ab40246661af1c5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "af42c84532", "word": "口頭", "reading": "こうとう", "romaji": "koutou", "meanings": [ "oral" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1276710, "examples": [ { "ja": "刑事はその場で彼の口頭証言を書き取った。", "en": "The detective took down his oral testimony on the spot.", "tatoeba_id": 176640 }, { "ja": "彼女は上司に口頭で報告をした。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{上司|じょうし}に{口頭|こうとう}で{報告|ほうこく}をした。", "en": "She gave an oral report to her boss.", "tatoeba_id": 400609 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "feaf36541a5ef6d442f9c439576bfd6a69d9bc88bfc2da3c8a05a86f49c21363", "meanings": [ "口头" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "刑事はその場で彼の口頭証言を書き取った。", "zh": "刑警当场记录了他的口头证词。" }, { "ja": "彼女は上司に口頭で報告をした。", "zh": "她向上司作了口头报告。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/af42c84532", "JMdict ent_seq 1276710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "98259481b58a6be6592a6166bf8dc61b2e0505e22d257edfd041621bd23b263e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "180a48d1c5", "word": "講読", "reading": "こうどく", "romaji": "koudoku", "meanings": [ "reading", "translation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1282350, "examples": [ { "ja": "英語の文章を講読する。", "en": "Read and study an English text in class." }, { "ja": "古典の講読を受けた。", "en": "I attended a classical-text reading course." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b6987b00f133a120c3ee421a30e8631f8f12dcbdc5adb78d39d17db9caa8a727", "meanings": [ "讲读" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "英語の文章を講読する。", "zh": "讲读英语文章。" }, { "ja": "古典の講読を受けた。", "zh": "我参加了古典文献讲读课。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/180a48d1c5", "JMdict ent_seq 1282350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6110d676a7d9402c6a257bed6d1fd32b9fd8c57f2063a5bdf67388b7c65c9a4e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c63f69eadd", "word": "購読", "reading": "こうどく", "romaji": "koudoku", "meanings": [ "subscription (e.g. magazine)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1282420, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたは何か雑誌を購読していますか。", "en": "Do you subscribe to any magazines?", "tatoeba_id": 232251 }, { "ja": "うちは新聞を購読しています。", "furigana": "うちは{新聞|しんぶん}を{購読|こうどく}しています。", "en": "We take a newspaper.", "tatoeba_id": 228144 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "be698909bf603b239613aaaddb077cdf9d602e52414d8c6f64883bcbb7b1f65a", "meanings": [ "订阅" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたは何か雑誌を購読していますか。", "zh": "你订阅什么杂志吗？" }, { "ja": "うちは新聞を購読しています。", "zh": "我们家订了报纸。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c63f69eadd", "JMdict ent_seq 1282420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ff25bd12be5dd3246f2c7edb3d1596b0f03d87b684093f16beb8f175ce96070d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "37fd5d476b", "word": "購入", "reading": "こうにゅう", "romaji": "kounyuu", "meanings": [ "purchase", "buy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1282440, "examples": [ { "ja": "チケット購入に必要な個人情報をインプットする。", "en": "To purchase a ticket, you need to enter your personal details.", "tatoeba_id": 202988 }, { "ja": "私はその品物を半額で購入した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はその{品物|しなもの}を{半額|はんがく}で{購入|こうにゅう}した。", "en": "I purchased the goods for half price.", "tatoeba_id": 159896 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b1fa50381a26becdb4970b0807b08fb6ace82ede41989b37d9273411f6c07d73", "meanings": [ "购买" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "チケット購入に必要な個人情報をインプットする。", "zh": "输入购票所需的个人信息。" }, { "ja": "私はその品物を半額で購入した。", "zh": "我以半价买了那件商品。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/37fd5d476b", "JMdict ent_seq 1282440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "00137fb49113da5211cbdd7b51398c9815191d1c2a6c3f0aaf4bd8445c9d41d3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "45cadd9e01", "word": "公認", "reading": "こうにん", "romaji": "kounin", "meanings": [ "official recognition", "authorization", "licence", "accreditation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1274450, "examples": [ { "ja": "資格が公認された。", "en": "The qualification was officially recognized." }, { "ja": "公認の大会に参加した。", "en": "I entered an officially sanctioned tournament." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "54858b94fcaf804735419306228ca5a79161b2bfc8bba928242b2dfed0992917", "meanings": [ "公认", "正式认可" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "資格が公認された。", "zh": "资格获得正式认可。" }, { "ja": "公認の大会に参加した。", "zh": "我参加了正式认可的比赛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/45cadd9e01", "JMdict ent_seq 1274450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ec2bc51dcce48c7cea624af6ac3b2362b93deb4c6a327210df54bad7fc7ad34c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "95a0a7e61d", "word": "光熱費", "reading": "こうねつひ", "romaji": "kounetsuhi", "meanings": [ "cost of fuel and light" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1273110, "examples": [ { "ja": "毎月の光熱費を計算する。", "en": "Calculate the monthly utility costs." }, { "ja": "光熱費が値上がりした。", "en": "Utility costs increased." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1dc644ab816785c258980c54d5a78d052c9331f4ab13e876774ca31a169cce65", "meanings": [ "水电燃气费" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "毎月の光熱費を計算する。", "zh": "计算每月水电燃气费。" }, { "ja": "光熱費が値上がりした。", "zh": "水电燃气费上涨了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/95a0a7e61d", "JMdict ent_seq 1273110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7d7258d2940a93c35bdc5773caa8d981484cf8aad7d9bd65cf5708a2a7dc97f0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4198992702", "word": "荒廃", "reading": "こうはい", "romaji": "kouhai", "meanings": [ "ruin" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1281620, "examples": [ { "ja": "その国は戦争で荒廃してしまった。", "furigana": "その{国|くに}は{戦争|せんそう}で{荒廃|こうはい}してしまった。", "en": "The country was wasted by war.", "tatoeba_id": 210588 }, { "ja": "戦争でその国は荒廃した。", "furigana": "{戦争|せんそう}でその{国|くに}は{荒廃|こうはい}した。", "en": "The war wasted the country.", "tatoeba_id": 141293 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a70aa0973665cb28fa38d32f258b46baf5afb173b7cb05c5e56681a4e3bb509a", "meanings": [ "荒废", "荒芜" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その国は戦争で荒廃してしまった。", "zh": "那个国家因战争而荒废。" }, { "ja": "戦争でその国は荒廃した。", "zh": "那个国家因战争而荒废。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4198992702", "JMdict ent_seq 1281620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c15aad419862166972646171f1100f5fc6fa883e7d7e7f59b481601ef3dd7a4b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1896b7fe33", "word": "購買", "reading": "こうばい", "romaji": "koubai", "meanings": [ "purchase", "buy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1282470, "examples": [ { "ja": "お客様の今後の購買需要を明らかにしようとしています。", "en": "We are trying to clarify your future procurement requirements.", "tatoeba_id": 227313 }, { "ja": "購買の履歴を確認する。", "en": "Check the purchase history." }, { "ja": "購買担当者に連絡した。", "en": "I contacted the purchasing representative." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "89917713b104a530ae6ba2264bf69780ce0ffeb160bdfaeebd91afc1fe2a0627", "meanings": [ "购买", "采购" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "お客様の今後の購買需要を明らかにしようとしています。", "zh": "我们正努力了解顾客今后的购买需求。" }, { "ja": "購買の履歴を確認する。", "zh": "确认购买记录。" }, { "ja": "購買担当者に連絡した。", "zh": "我联系了采购负责人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1896b7fe33", "JMdict ent_seq 1282470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b4ea48b7e9aca2fbf37d843b0030f70cb2b57957ce648c1107a063972b1eefc1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "aee63a8a23", "word": "好評", "reading": "こうひょう", "romaji": "kouhyou", "meanings": [ "popularity", "favorable reputation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1277780, "examples": [ { "ja": "その劇は好評を得た。", "en": "The play got a favorable notice.", "tatoeba_id": 211161 }, { "ja": "劇の批評はおしなべて好評だった。", "furigana": "{劇|げき}の{批評|ひひょう}はおしなべて{好評|こうひょう}だった。", "en": "Almost all of the reviews of the play were favorable.", "tatoeba_id": 76205 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e7c3fc20febefa8dcaac2738f92fa98c524a271fad5226de777c6ae2e605c9f2", "meanings": [ "好评" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その劇は好評を得た。", "zh": "那部剧获得好评。" }, { "ja": "劇の批評はおしなべて好評だった。", "zh": "对那部剧的评论普遍是好评。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aee63a8a23", "JMdict ent_seq 1277780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "01d9f9a7fe5999b444abede62c0d623d3c14e6f9093aaa8b1450d2e759182d44", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6b5d95aa03", "word": "交付", "reading": "こうふ", "romaji": "koufu", "meanings": [ "delivering", "furnishing (with copies)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1272520, "examples": [ { "ja": "授業料の補助金が交付された。", "furigana": "{授業料|じゅぎょうりょう}の{補助金|ほじょきん}が{交付|こうふ}された。", "en": "I got a grant for my tuition.", "tatoeba_id": 148320 }, { "ja": "市長は私に身分証明書を交付した。", "furigana": "{市長|しちょう}は{私|わたし}に{身分証明書|みぶんしょうめいしょ}を{交付|こうふ}した。", "en": "The mayor provided me with an identity card.", "tatoeba_id": 168331 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4d3a1c2409b1b96c5dda593b281c40127a0758a829deb9d937fc11c7bc2864d3", "meanings": [ "交付", "发放" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "授業料の補助金が交付された。", "zh": "学费补助金发放了。" }, { "ja": "市長は私に身分証明書を交付した。", "zh": "市长向我颁发了身份证明。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6b5d95aa03", "JMdict ent_seq 1272520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0ff6322b7a0e7800f2a348256556026292d9bbdbe500b39b2cdc7db3e6d9c5ff", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a8a6342961", "word": "降伏", "reading": "こうふく", "romaji": "koufuku", "meanings": [ "capitulation", "surrender", "submission" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1282940, "examples": [ { "ja": "降伏するくらいなら死んだほうがましだ。", "en": "I would rather die than surrender." }, { "ja": "降伏するより死んだほうがましだ。", "furigana": "{降伏|こうふく}するより{死|し}んだほうがましだ。", "en": "I would rather die than surrender.", "tatoeba_id": 173266 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8f398ff3ab6485ca4a4078477635b994bd67cacb647be3100a0e1a18b2ba0532", "meanings": [ "投降" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "降伏するくらいなら死んだほうがましだ。", "zh": "与其投降，不如死去。" }, { "ja": "降伏するより死んだほうがましだ。", "zh": "与其投降，不如死去。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a8a6342961", "JMdict ent_seq 1282940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e5edd56b04c3ec4997fd51510bed55e21790b7ef5d237a00a900acd6596cf245", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f23b69e7c1", "word": "興奮", "reading": "こうふん", "romaji": "koufun", "meanings": [ "excitement", "stimulation", "agitation", "arousal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1238380, "examples": [ { "ja": "観客は彼のホームランに興奮した。", "furigana": "{観客|かんきゃく}は{彼|かれ}のホームランに{興奮|こうふん}した。", "en": "His home run excited the crowd.", "tatoeba_id": 183812 }, { "ja": "彼女は興奮しているように見えた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{興奮|こうふん}しているように{見|み}えた。", "en": "She looked excited.", "tatoeba_id": 90444 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fccbf0ef7efd01d5bd0636c03f25b512e2f383be756f20252048d613e2b21b1e", "meanings": [ "兴奋", "激动" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "観客は彼のホームランに興奮した。", "zh": "观众为他的本垒打而兴奋。" }, { "ja": "彼女は興奮しているように見えた。", "zh": "她看起来很兴奋。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f23b69e7c1", "JMdict ent_seq 1238380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "73d176daf9965f53f59b7394129670075e163d3edc86810375a6e8160eb50e6e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8f96617de5", "word": "公募", "reading": "こうぼ", "romaji": "koubo", "meanings": [ "public appeal", "public contribution" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1274680, "examples": [ { "ja": "企画を公募する。", "en": "Invite proposals from the public." }, { "ja": "公募で職員を採用した。", "en": "Staff were hired through open recruitment." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "595a136a2543c8646403e9cbb660c08297fd5a3583df9635ee13ae77fa4e7d6b", "meanings": [ "公开征集", "公开招聘" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "企画を公募する。", "zh": "公开征集企划。" }, { "ja": "公募で職員を採用した。", "zh": "通过公开招聘录用了职员。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8f96617de5", "JMdict ent_seq 1274680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c5503898a3b13b5503656ec42c67d2dcd392c1c686da9cb025acf2e520dbeace", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6b0a6c0492", "word": "巧妙", "reading": "こうみょう", "romaji": "koumyou", "meanings": [ "ingenious", "skillful", "clever", "deft" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1278340, "examples": [ { "ja": "あのピアニストは巧妙でよく知られている。", "furigana": "あのピアニストは{巧妙|こうみょう}でよく{知|し}られている。", "en": "That pianist is known for his skill.", "tatoeba_id": 231272 }, { "ja": "やつの巧妙な話に僕は簡単にだまされてしまった。", "en": "I was easily taken in by his smooth talk.", "tatoeba_id": 193056 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "43a12d1cae28b460811997e4f0fa6342fb5b17fc8c3e51091d70245a83101125", "meanings": [ "巧妙", "高明" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あのピアニストは巧妙でよく知られている。", "zh": "那位钢琴家以技艺高超而闻名。" }, { "ja": "やつの巧妙な話に僕は簡単にだまされてしまった。", "zh": "我轻易被那家伙的巧妙说辞骗了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6b0a6c0492", "JMdict ent_seq 1278340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "dd9d7925f927ef8913d5a49b2dc399b47669fe042c279fad439588fed428c2e5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7bdda8364c", "word": "公用", "reading": "こうよう", "romaji": "kouyou", "meanings": [ "government business", "public use", "public expense" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1274940, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は公用で大阪に行った。", "en": "He went to Osaka on official business.", "tatoeba_id": 107436 }, { "ja": "彼は公用でパリへ行っている。", "en": "He has gone to Paris on official business.", "tatoeba_id": 107439 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "22cfda6ce66ccf886873f8759b36722526763684fa3a3be03d4fe2c35ae0bd4f", "meanings": [ "公务", "公用" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は公用で大阪に行った。", "zh": "他因公务去了大阪。" }, { "ja": "彼は公用でパリへ行っている。", "zh": "他因公务去了巴黎。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7bdda8364c", "JMdict ent_seq 1274940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c038e1bcf89a27bf7b2ddedcf6a1a64d50b65db8a12d52d64a5d165c014ddca1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "56bd535249", "word": "小売", "reading": "こうり", "romaji": "kouri", "meanings": [ "retail" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1593050, "examples": [ { "ja": "小売商人は卸しで仕入れて小売りで売る。", "en": "A retail merchant buys wholesale and sells retail.", "tatoeba_id": 146895 }, { "ja": "小売物価指数は経済活動のバロメーターです。", "en": "The retail price index is a barometer of economic activity.", "tatoeba_id": 146894 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3c0f54f6991d7c05bee03e7d03a980897af41f618be92ca86f3a00d490e3a96d", "meanings": [ "零售" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "小売商人は卸しで仕入れて小売りで売る。", "zh": "零售商批发进货、零售出售。" }, { "ja": "小売物価指数は経済活動のバロメーターです。", "zh": "零售物价指数是经济活动的晴雨表。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/56bd535249", "JMdict ent_seq 1593050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f1423035ed09cea4a92e505f233a07dc6ddba45f4967a60deccda7740b3cc01c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "34e67f93c2", "word": "公立", "reading": "こうりつ", "romaji": "kouritsu", "meanings": [ "public (institution)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1275000, "examples": [ { "ja": "その当時、どこの公立の学校にもネイティブの英語の先生などいませんでした。", "furigana": "その{当時|とうじ}、どこの{公立|こうりつ}の{学校|がっこう}にもネイティブの{英語|えいご}の{先生|せんせい}などいませんでした。", "en": "At the time there were no native English speakers teaching in any public school.", "tatoeba_id": 75434 }, { "ja": "この町には大きな公立図書館がある。", "en": "This town boasts a large public library.", "tatoeba_id": 220537 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6544d65b2eb4cfa35428a34267dee647ecaa28d3b73fef28d1b5c3f423a182da", "meanings": [ "公立" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その当時、どこの公立の学校にもネイティブの英語の先生などいませんでした。", "zh": "那时任何公立学校都没有英语母语教师。" }, { "ja": "この町には大きな公立図書館がある。", "zh": "这个镇上有一座大型公立图书馆。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/34e67f93c2", "JMdict ent_seq 1275000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b93f3d09c1fd9eb089d80d1af14d49364026cf72aa94a067b9d8190bf7e0e271", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "86c6a0755f", "word": "効率", "reading": "こうりつ", "romaji": "kouritsu", "meanings": [ "efficiency" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1275210, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は事務効率をよくする案を出した。", "en": "He put forward a plan for improving office efficiency.", "tatoeba_id": 105338 }, { "ja": "このコンピューターは強力で効率がよく使いやすい。", "furigana": "このコンピューターは{強力|きょうりょく}で{効率|こうりつ}がよく{使|つか}いやすい。", "en": "This computer is powerful, efficient, and easy to use.", "tatoeba_id": 223728 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e00a2ffc6f3fddaf3b5b0691595005f19b5e6046fdef3e2464f062910e8ba598", "meanings": [ "效率" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は事務効率をよくする案を出した。", "zh": "他提出了提高办公效率的方案。" }, { "ja": "このコンピューターは強力で効率がよく使いやすい。", "zh": "这台电脑功能强大、效率高且易于使用。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/86c6a0755f", "JMdict ent_seq 1275210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4a9a06a3980813f0a5b5ccffd2a71bfb9cbb1fd3ac9d1baacf622725d170260b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "316a3ff997", "word": "護衛", "reading": "ごえい", "romaji": "goei", "meanings": [ "guard", "convoy", "escort" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1271510, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は多数の護衛を連れて旅行した。", "en": "He traveled with a large escort.", "tatoeba_id": 102563 }, { "ja": "後になると王の護衛がサテライトと呼ばれた。", "furigana": "{後|あと}になると{王|おう}の{護衛|ごえい}がサテライトと{呼|よ}ばれた。", "en": "Later the personal guards of kings were called satellites.", "tatoeba_id": 174321 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "554df54ed774370cf6f2fff7ce063820c0690685123287b250fde49498a8f370", "meanings": [ "护卫", "保镖" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は多数の護衛を連れて旅行した。", "zh": "他带着许多护卫旅行。" }, { "ja": "後になると王の護衛がサテライトと呼ばれた。", "zh": "后来国王的护卫被称为卫士。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/316a3ff997", "JMdict ent_seq 1271510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9daf8537689f13266d11a53edb48c154031a7846d97fd6ab6ee158d4f99bc0ed", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7ce2808b7d", "word": "コーナー", "reading": "コーナー", "romaji": "koonaa", "meanings": [ "corner" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1049110, "examples": [ { "ja": "ランナーはコーナーを回ってホームストレッチへ入った。", "furigana": "ランナーはコーナーを{回|まわ}ってホームストレッチへ{入|はい}った。", "en": "The runners rounded the corner into the homestretch.", "tatoeba_id": 76373 }, { "ja": "いつコーナーを曲がるかはむずかしい問題です。", "furigana": "いつコーナーを{曲|ま}がるかはむずかしい{問題|もんだい}です。", "en": "When to turn the corner is a difficult problem.", "tatoeba_id": 228976 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "64c39ca782c6a87b10d68766e032044a59f9f7b46d442257ee701ceff08dbc84", "meanings": [ "拐角", "弯道" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ランナーはコーナーを回ってホームストレッチへ入った。", "zh": "跑者转过弯道进入终点直道。" }, { "ja": "いつコーナーを曲がるかはむずかしい問題です。", "zh": "什么时候转弯是个难题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7ce2808b7d", "JMdict ent_seq 1049110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5bb36b133710743d5a10d7f074d93645eb1545289afa4113bf86d437b89c3991", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e68dcc56e0", "word": "小柄", "reading": "こがら", "romaji": "kogara", "meanings": [ "short (build)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1348770, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らはその少女は小柄だと言った。", "en": "They described the girl as being small.", "tatoeba_id": 97909 }, { "ja": "息子は年の割には小柄だ。", "furigana": "{息子|むすこ}は{年|とし}の{割|わり}には{小柄|こがら}だ。", "en": "My son is small for his age.", "tatoeba_id": 139910 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e9900e2e340c2be2b722f256d40fe5993529ffb2bb012310b53ae56d27741efe", "meanings": [ "个子小", "身材矮小" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らはその少女は小柄だと言った。", "zh": "他们说那个女孩个子小。" }, { "ja": "息子は年の割には小柄だ。", "zh": "儿子的个头在同龄人中偏小。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e68dcc56e0", "JMdict ent_seq 1348770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1509095b7d0f89acfffb326b4c4d7c6a9a91486d94147f50156fea0db84a1204", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "196b8819a9", "word": "小切手", "reading": "こぎって", "romaji": "kogitte", "meanings": [ "cheque", "check" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1348410, "examples": [ { "ja": "この小切手を現金にしてくれますか。", "furigana": "この{小切手|こぎって}を{現金|げんきん}にしてくれますか。", "en": "Can you cash this check for me?", "tatoeba_id": 221176 }, { "ja": "小切手で受け取ってもらえますか。", "furigana": "{小切手|こぎって}で{受|う}け{取|と}ってもらえますか。", "en": "Will you take a check?", "tatoeba_id": 146950 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "31d4388be88ca54e111c36568b60bca4e79e938928c07ae93ed59d41a163e4cf", "meanings": [ "支票" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この小切手を現金にしてくれますか。", "zh": "你能把这张支票兑换成现金吗？" }, { "ja": "小切手で受け取ってもらえますか。", "zh": "可以接受支票付款吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/196b8819a9", "JMdict ent_seq 1348410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cc8814ae675578fe77c39cadd009ee415e6d3fb3a6b0f1d4660019a8eed21ddc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "70f79bff43", "word": "漕ぐ", "reading": "こぐ", "romaji": "kogu", "meanings": [ "to row", "to scull", "to pedal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5g", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1400530, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは池でボートを漕いでいる。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{池|いけ}でボートを{漕|こ}いでいる。", "en": "They are rowing a boat on the pond.", "tatoeba_id": 96565 }, { "ja": "彼は、自転車を一生懸命こいだ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は、{自転車|じてんしゃ}を{一生懸命|いっしょうけんめい}こいだ。", "en": "He was pumping the pedals of the bicycle hard.", "tatoeba_id": 115499 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3f0dd297d77a02fdaca09819a5902f886e84447bac282e9112bc458ae3a88871", "meanings": [ "划", "蹬" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは池でボートを漕いでいる。", "zh": "他们正在池塘上划船。" }, { "ja": "彼は、自転車を一生懸命こいだ。", "zh": "他使劲蹬自行车。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/70f79bff43", "JMdict ent_seq 1400530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b072ee657b9b10b9f54c77e18392deb1c3afae819ed94395eed27163da096fea", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a00cb4f981", "word": "語句", "reading": "ごく", "romaji": "goku", "meanings": [ "words", "phrases" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1271060, "examples": [ { "ja": "その作家の文体は挿入語句が多い。", "furigana": "その{作家|さっか}の{文体|ぶんたい}は{挿入|そうにゅう}{語句|ごく}が{多|おお}い。", "en": "The writer has a parenthetic style.", "tatoeba_id": 210522 }, { "ja": "法律文書では難しい言葉や語句がよく使用される。", "furigana": "{法律|ほうりつ}{文書|ぶんしょ}では{難|むずか}しい{言葉|ことば}や{語句|ごく}がよく{使用|しよう}される。", "en": "In legal documents, difficult words and phrases are often used.", "tatoeba_id": 82650 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e54708414b7d51cbf8993911c0857691d363bde2b91fd751353204d331210302", "meanings": [ "词句" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その作家の文体は挿入語句が多い。", "zh": "那位作家的文风中插入语很多。" }, { "ja": "法律文書では難しい言葉や語句がよく使用される。", "zh": "法律文件经常使用难懂的词句。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a00cb4f981", "JMdict ent_seq 1271060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0177bd60378af3386952ce40d6a279c73b97df02968b87e64192aee149b6bb8b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ff494b1ed2", "word": "国産", "reading": "こくさん", "romaji": "kokusan", "meanings": [ "domestic products" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1286590, "examples": [ { "ja": "国産の果物を選んだ。", "en": "I chose domestically produced fruit." }, { "ja": "国産の材料を使っている。", "en": "They use domestically produced ingredients." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6eb4fb8f3d75a8c064de935978a70a47de1e031e365716593cb11669a1676f99", "meanings": [ "国产" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "国産の果物を選んだ。", "zh": "我选了国产水果。" }, { "ja": "国産の材料を使っている。", "zh": "他们使用国产原料。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ff494b1ed2", "JMdict ent_seq 1286590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d34dbcb265417ecded278cc8123a5bfc1be752996ee8d06cd271473f21760b35", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "835a4dfb9c", "word": "国定", "reading": "こくてい", "romaji": "kokutei", "meanings": [ "state-sponsored", "national" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1286860, "examples": [ { "ja": "国定公園を訪れた。", "en": "I visited a quasi-national park." }, { "ja": "国定の基準に従う。", "en": "Follow nationally designated standards." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6d3cf3820da0fa8e5c9ce7f0e43c237b7998bfe27ec1f5cad33f51422851d73c", "meanings": [ "国家指定", "国定" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "国定公園を訪れた。", "zh": "我参观了一座国定公园。" }, { "ja": "国定の基準に従う。", "zh": "遵循国家规定的标准。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/835a4dfb9c", "JMdict ent_seq 1286860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0eb7aa52c10f66e8ba5c50f3d985ad7fdad577449b6d71cd1d1d87d80dbade7b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d2f43648b9", "word": "国土", "reading": "こくど", "romaji": "kokudo", "meanings": [ "realm" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1286890, "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカは国土が広く、人々はよく移動する。", "furigana": "アメリカは{国土|こくど}が{広|ひろ}く、{人々|ひとびと}はよく{移動|いどう}する。", "en": "America is a large country and its people are mobile.", "tatoeba_id": 230172 }, { "ja": "国土の８割近くが山です。", "en": "Nearly 80 percent of the land is mountains.", "tatoeba_id": 173037 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a95f33daf6d184399e4ac9e3912bee58569ca2425abc88d609f361fa0e68b882", "meanings": [ "国土" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカは国土が広く、人々はよく移動する。", "zh": "美国国土辽阔，人们经常迁移。" }, { "ja": "国土の８割近くが山です。", "zh": "国土的近八成是山地。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d2f43648b9", "JMdict ent_seq 1286890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4c6ba5deae48f34cf8f7420a6f90ff43181289e798144b1de24c009769af6aa0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "49e878d25a", "word": "告白", "reading": "こくはく", "romaji": "kokuhaku", "meanings": [ "confession", "acknowledgement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1286060, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私を好きになったと告白した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{私|わたし}を{好|す}きになったと{告白|こくはく}した。", "en": "He confessed that he had fallen in love with me.", "tatoeba_id": 105557 }, { "ja": "牧師は彼女のキリスト信仰の告白を聞いた。", "en": "The minister listened to her profession of Christianity.", "tatoeba_id": 81678 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e82669d0e2afe81489aba2b0dd9580357bd51ab8d306c569df99b6849dcd22f9", "meanings": [ "坦白", "告白" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私を好きになったと告白した。", "zh": "他向我表白说喜欢上我了。" }, { "ja": "牧師は彼女のキリスト信仰の告白を聞いた。", "zh": "牧师听了她对基督信仰的告白。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/49e878d25a", "JMdict ent_seq 1286060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ea0b9e338d5240cbbdc97b4e78d3393707d27a3b33bb7ee9928f71394e5e6fd7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "eb4a3a96bc", "word": "国防", "reading": "こくぼう", "romaji": "kokubou", "meanings": [ "national defence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1287030, "examples": [ { "ja": "国防のため大きな額が計上された。", "furigana": "{国防|こくぼう}のため{大|おお}きな{額|がく}が{計上|けいじょう}された。", "en": "A considerable amount of money was appropriated for the national defense.", "tatoeba_id": 173033 }, { "ja": "彼は核兵器は国防のために必要だと主張している。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{核兵器|かくへいき}は{国防|こくぼう}のために{必要|ひつよう}だと{主張|しゅちょう}している。", "en": "He contends that nuclear weapons are necessary for national defense.", "tatoeba_id": 108917 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6ef0e7ef5b2006bcb3fb361eb9cac9f1528ad11fd33963aae24af27336d68984", "meanings": [ "国防" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "国防のため大きな額が計上された。", "zh": "为国防计列了一大笔预算。" }, { "ja": "彼は核兵器は国防のために必要だと主張している。", "zh": "他主张核武器是国防所必需的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/eb4a3a96bc", "JMdict ent_seq 1287030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "213135fcfb0caac8d483e3b3ab1be57d16f091c71d5d5f020163e2c5ad3cf727", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "20cbd33590", "word": "国有", "reading": "こくゆう", "romaji": "kokuyuu", "meanings": [ "national ownership" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1287170, "examples": [ { "ja": "その土地は国有である。", "en": "The land is state-owned." }, { "ja": "国有の施設を管理する。", "en": "Manage state-owned facilities." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b804ae5977df06867f6dcc8bf33f9a749f7d6b652e9febefff2597199adb22d4", "meanings": [ "国有" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その土地は国有である。", "zh": "那块土地属于国有。" }, { "ja": "国有の施設を管理する。", "zh": "管理国有设施。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/20cbd33590", "JMdict ent_seq 1287170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "def722deda2d4a358c5593f23bea291c6633a7e9cf67da7840e6beff778e59fb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "503535b26b", "word": "極楽", "reading": "ごくらく", "romaji": "gokuraku", "meanings": [ "paradise" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1240250, "examples": [ { "ja": "極楽を願って祈る。", "en": "Pray for rebirth in paradise." }, { "ja": "温泉に入ると極楽だ。", "en": "Relaxing in a hot spring is paradise." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "027653f9c259e5ec39b588826633ef95ba818ba19358d7ff9a6c062c82f88f01", "meanings": [ "极乐", "乐土" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "極楽を願って祈る。", "zh": "祈求往生极乐。" }, { "ja": "温泉に入ると極楽だ。", "zh": "泡温泉真是极乐享受。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/503535b26b", "JMdict ent_seq 1240250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fcbb6855dfdca1235ba53c0bf4f223dc6d33a0112a58f1eb35c8cc84023ce33b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5c0448565e", "word": "国連", "reading": "こくれん", "romaji": "kokuren", "meanings": [ "U.N.", "United Nations" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1287210, "examples": [ { "ja": "国連はその国際問題を扱うだろう。", "furigana": "{国連|こくれん}はその{国際問題|こくさいもんだい}を{扱|あつか}うだろう。", "en": "The United Nations will deal with that international problem.", "tatoeba_id": 173007 }, { "ja": "カンボジアは国連に援助を訴えた。", "furigana": "カンボジアは{国連|こくれん}に{援助|えんじょ}を{訴|うった}えた。", "en": "Cambodia appealed to the United Nations for help.", "tatoeba_id": 226076 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f13a110e6b2989d1ecae1f7ea3bce9fb86b57787fa8ff89187d2bea9616b0fd7", "meanings": [ "联合国" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "国連はその国際問題を扱うだろう。", "zh": "联合国将处理那个国际问题。" }, { "ja": "カンボジアは国連に援助を訴えた。", "zh": "柬埔寨向联合国请求援助。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5c0448565e", "JMdict ent_seq 1287210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3f0cba5221dfe885ca93a418262cf97dd0b6239108d3323e3d6e71a3ccf89ae0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4517275aaf", "word": "焦げ茶", "reading": "こげちゃ", "romaji": "kogecha", "meanings": [ "dark brown", "umber" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1350750, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はこげ茶色の髪をしていた。", "en": "He had dark brown hair.", "tatoeba_id": 113849 }, { "ja": "焦げ茶の靴を履く。", "en": "Wear dark brown shoes." }, { "ja": "焦げ茶の机を選んだ。", "en": "I chose a dark brown desk." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d7badf0e42aecd6fd9aed141a4c129c3eede32c578c8e1615d8ecb30893930f8", "meanings": [ "深褐色" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はこげ茶色の髪をしていた。", "zh": "他有一头深褐色的头发。" }, { "ja": "焦げ茶の靴を履く。", "zh": "穿深褐色的鞋。" }, { "ja": "焦げ茶の机を選んだ。", "zh": "我选了一张深褐色的桌子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4517275aaf", "JMdict ent_seq 1350750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "db85017bd604ba9bbe1906577d06c4895eaaa099e80b01862ca22d9792dd2b0f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5f7deb61d1", "word": "語源", "reading": "ごげん", "romaji": "gogen", "meanings": [ "word root", "word derivation", "etymology" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1271090, "examples": [ { "ja": "これらの語は同じ語源から出ている。", "furigana": "これらの{語|ご}は{同|おな}じ{語源|ごげん}から{出|で}ている。", "en": "These words are derived from the same root.", "tatoeba_id": 217913 }, { "ja": "言葉の語源を調べる。", "en": "Research the origin of a word." }, { "ja": "この単語の語源は何ですか。", "en": "What is the origin of this word?" } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "dcc77e297cc51285458419dc649cf745408179fc41652a5e384f014caa0d4bfe", "meanings": [ "词源" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これらの語は同じ語源から出ている。", "zh": "这些词来自同一个词源。" }, { "ja": "言葉の語源を調べる。", "zh": "调查词语的词源。" }, { "ja": "この単語の語源は何ですか。", "zh": "这个单词的词源是什么？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5f7deb61d1", "JMdict ent_seq 1271090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ceaa1a658932b80dff0e95bfb48e4afecdc69ac485720a97018919494ca64555", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f167fd3a76", "word": "箇箇", "reading": "ここ", "romaji": "koko", "meanings": [ "individual", "separate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1593190, "examples": [ { "ja": "個々の戦闘にはみな勝っても戦争に負けることがある。", "en": "You can win all the battles yet lose the war.", "tatoeba_id": 174659 }, { "ja": "個々の木を見分けるのが困難になってはじめて森が見えるようになるのである。", "en": "You get to see the wood only when it becomes too difficult to distinguish individual trees.", "tatoeba_id": 174658 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2dd66a1d60aeec33543c499479ef9887da83bbb500a5c629f5f3f07ce0cea894", "meanings": [ "各个", "个别" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "個々の戦闘にはみな勝っても戦争に負けることがある。", "zh": "即使赢得每场战斗，也有可能输掉战争。" }, { "ja": "個々の木を見分けるのが困難になってはじめて森が見えるようになるのである。", "zh": "只有难以分辨每棵树时，才会看到森林。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f167fd3a76", "JMdict ent_seq 1593190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bd8577e8356b9fe7b367bdcc5080c5bd35ef3a4937ef42d2c2a738939ce48a52", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1cd105911f", "word": "個々", "reading": "ここ", "romaji": "koko", "meanings": [ "individual", "one by one" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1593190, "examples": [ { "ja": "個々の戦闘にはみな勝っても戦争に負けることがある。", "en": "You can win all the battles yet lose the war.", "tatoeba_id": 174659 }, { "ja": "個々の木を見分けるのが困難になってはじめて森が見えるようになるのである。", "en": "You get to see the wood only when it becomes too difficult to distinguish individual trees.", "tatoeba_id": 174658 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9d5c4dc498d7d31dab6c431c208f372a7d568b34f4dd3e10f4dc24a3f4120b90", "meanings": [ "各个", "个别" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "個々の戦闘にはみな勝っても戦争に負けることがある。", "zh": "即使赢得每场战斗，也有可能输掉战争。" }, { "ja": "個々の木を見分けるのが困難になってはじめて森が見えるようになるのである。", "zh": "只有难以分辨每棵树时，才会看到森林。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1cd105911f", "JMdict ent_seq 1593190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "02603049ff8a78e0e3e2ffaa350a68d8b07c8b568ae8a3dda721aafb5bb382a1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c5b7fedcbd", "word": "心地", "reading": "ここち", "romaji": "kokochi", "meanings": [ "feeling", "sensation", "mood" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1360820, "examples": [ { "ja": "くつろげば、自信に満ちて心地もよくなります。", "furigana": "くつろげば、{自信|じしん}に{満|み}ちて{心地|ここち}もよくなります。", "en": "If you are at ease, you are feeling confident and comfortable.", "tatoeba_id": 225650 }, { "ja": "「その洗濯機の使い心地はどうですか」「まあまあです」", "furigana": "「その{洗濯機|せんたくき}の{使|つか}い{心地|ここち}はどうですか」「まあまあです」", "en": "\"How do you find your washing-machine?\" \"Not so bad.\"", "tatoeba_id": 236537 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4e0616fdc5359498528d41ea6e1d1bb8dd964d6822ba8dd45a4e33b4ff578b81", "meanings": [ "感觉", "心情" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "くつろげば、自信に満ちて心地もよくなります。", "zh": "放松下来，便会充满自信，感觉舒适。" }, { "ja": "「その洗濯機の使い心地はどうですか」「まあまあです」", "zh": "“那台洗衣机用起来怎么样？”“还可以。”" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c5b7fedcbd", "JMdict ent_seq 1360820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "956aef604ac4c03c41c710ab37ab18b1c0f911cff0cfe0f6790fbcb62b0cbc25", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ed188cc69e", "word": "凝らす", "reading": "こごらす", "romaji": "kogorasu", "meanings": [ "to freeze", "to congeal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1239000, "examples": [ { "ja": "寒さで水を凝らす。", "en": "The cold freezes the water." }, { "ja": "液体を冷やして凝らした。", "en": "The liquid was cooled and congealed." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "17a1eb8bfaa4ebc2a471b46af64aeeeb09db3a97b9fe8ea1224421daf31db9af", "meanings": [ "冻结", "凝结" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "寒さで水を凝らす。", "zh": "寒冷使水冻结。" }, { "ja": "液体を冷やして凝らした。", "zh": "液体冷却后凝结了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ed188cc69e", "JMdict ent_seq 1239000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "da7ce4ebfe1bb1861937f2f6911863b293ca98ed8bd8e2196557f62edb6ea94d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "308f45926c", "word": "凝る", "reading": "こごる", "romaji": "kogoru", "meanings": [ "to congeal", "to freeze" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1239060, "examples": [ { "ja": "汁が冷えて凝った。", "en": "The broth cooled and congealed." }, { "ja": "油が寒さで凝っている。", "en": "The oil has congealed in the cold." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "caef99d113eaf825fa988aed40761bde5ecbff7dd9f0f4405a37b01c3f2870b1", "meanings": [ "凝结", "冻结" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "汁が冷えて凝った。", "zh": "汤冷却后凝结了。" }, { "ja": "油が寒さで凝っている。", "zh": "油因寒冷凝结了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/308f45926c", "JMdict ent_seq 1239060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fd8a6dde3b8289f3519f5cf675ccc7ce0bb4ef757158a5535102aca1663f642a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9589a1d266", "word": "心得", "reading": "こころえ", "romaji": "kokoroe", "meanings": [ "knowledge", "information" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1360910, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼には自分が悪かったことを認めるぐらいの心得もなかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}には{自分|じぶん}が{悪|わる}かったことを{認|みと}めるぐらいの{心得|こころえ}もなかった。", "en": "He didn't have the decency to admit that he was wrong.", "tatoeba_id": 118830 }, { "ja": "料理の心得がある。", "en": "I have some knowledge of cooking." }, { "ja": "仕事の心得を先輩から学んだ。", "en": "I learned the essentials of the job from a senior colleague." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6d64cf5a8a615d6b4403c4b0719cf558205e51f1d4cb623a2bc1c97205276d97", "meanings": [ "心得", "知识" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼には自分が悪かったことを認めるぐらいの心得もなかった。", "zh": "他连承认自己错了的基本常识都没有。" }, { "ja": "料理の心得がある。", "zh": "我懂一些烹饪。" }, { "ja": "仕事の心得を先輩から学んだ。", "zh": "我从前辈那里学到了工作的基本要领。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9589a1d266", "JMdict ent_seq 1360910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "317c8e885c22f79ba6549b7b3e8cf0c62e054715a48911368372b469f1fd85b8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "af3cf61840", "word": "心掛け", "reading": "こころがけ", "romaji": "kokorogake", "meanings": [ "readiness", "intention", "aim" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1360500, "examples": [ { "ja": "安全を大切にする心掛けが必要だ。", "en": "An attitude of valuing safety is necessary." }, { "ja": "日頃の心掛けが結果につながる。", "en": "Daily attentiveness leads to results." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6bee892d84034828fb930614f67ebb4e7e10b9d47bddd8d200be6ecdc1860b2b", "meanings": [ "心意", "留意" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "安全を大切にする心掛けが必要だ。", "zh": "需要有重视安全的意识。" }, { "ja": "日頃の心掛けが結果につながる。", "zh": "平时的留心会影响结果。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/af3cf61840", "JMdict ent_seq 1360500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "769840408d5e73ac4fda0807a3d2b0a8e29f790b78348b534b76f7fa41427fe8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "38c615c6c4", "word": "心掛ける", "reading": "こころがける", "romaji": "kokorogakeru", "meanings": [ "to bear in mind", "to aim to do" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1360610, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はいつでも真実を言うように心がけている。", "en": "I always try to tell the truth.", "tatoeba_id": 161415 }, { "ja": "行間を読むように心がけてみよう。", "furigana": "{行間|ぎょうかん}を{読|よ}むように{心|こころ}がけてみよう。", "en": "Let's try to read between the lines.", "tatoeba_id": 173345 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "87d8115faae20aa557db8b4f4911638ce0c36be70f65aeed19367afefbee271f", "meanings": [ "留心", "努力做到" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はいつでも真実を言うように心がけている。", "zh": "我一直努力说真话。" }, { "ja": "行間を読むように心がけてみよう。", "zh": "试着留心理解言外之意吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/38c615c6c4", "JMdict ent_seq 1360610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2ea1c20e5bb39af40aa963072c50c61206407a029706f3be46c6fdcd6bd97bbc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4f051504c2", "word": "志", "reading": "こころざし", "romaji": "kokorozashi", "meanings": [ "will", "intention", "motive" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1309050, "examples": [ { "ja": "何事をするにも志が大切。", "furigana": "{何事|なにごと}をするにも{志|こころざし}が{大切|たいせつ}。", "en": "The will is as good as the deed.", "tatoeba_id": 187468 }, { "ja": "でも、仲間たちは志はあっても、資金調達やマネジメントには無知でした。", "furigana": "でも、{仲間|なかま}たちは{志|こころざし}はあっても、{資金調達|しきんちょうたつ}やマネジメントには{無知|むち}でした。", "en": "However, although our companions were willing, they knew nothing about management or getting money.", "tatoeba_id": 75418 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "91fe44899ca49ad21e51270518d7ca97f3acbc08216ab7775b3d00868abd06c7", "meanings": [ "志向", "决心" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "何事をするにも志が大切。", "zh": "无论做什么，志向都很重要。" }, { "ja": "でも、仲間たちは志はあっても、資金調達やマネジメントには無知でした。", "zh": "但是伙伴们虽然有志向，却对筹资和管理一无所知。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4f051504c2", "JMdict ent_seq 1309050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5cf5bb7287f65dd16703e9f9ebeb081b9b65ff26647989f29b5a80fda9a6f3b6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "75e0818207", "word": "志す", "reading": "こころざす", "romaji": "kokorozasu", "meanings": [ "to plan", "to intend", "to aspire to", "to set aims (sights on)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vi", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1309060, "examples": [ { "ja": "このコーヒー店には芸術家を志すものが足しげく通う。", "furigana": "このコーヒー{店|みせ}には{芸術家|げいじゅつか}を{志|こころざ}すものが{足|あし}しげく{通|かよ}う。", "en": "This coffee shop is frequented by aspiring artists.", "tatoeba_id": 223797 }, { "ja": "彼女は女優になることを志した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{女優|じょゆう}になることを{志|こころざ}した。", "en": "She aimed to become an actress.", "tatoeba_id": 88715 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4fffc7e4d68047e6c4b21ee4f6b5b8e3f4bf2b4272c85a2be847ddfdb8c85f3e", "meanings": [ "立志", "志向" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このコーヒー店には芸術家を志すものが足しげく通う。", "zh": "立志成为艺术家的人经常光顾这家咖啡店。" }, { "ja": "彼女は女優になることを志した。", "zh": "她立志成为演员。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/75e0818207", "JMdict ent_seq 1309060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "26517b991d6b21929c43b4f23960aaa1fe761b062b69dbeff2aa7b219be93dd2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b5288189c7", "word": "心強い", "reading": "こころづよい", "romaji": "kokorozuyoi", "meanings": [ "heartening", "reassuring" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1360640, "examples": [ { "ja": "僕には警察よりも何よりもみんながいてくれることの方が心強いのですよ。", "en": "For my part, having you lot with me is more reassuring than the police or anything!", "tatoeba_id": 74473 }, { "ja": "友人が一緒だと心強い。", "en": "I feel reassured with a friend beside me." }, { "ja": "応援してくれて心強かった。", "en": "Your support was reassuring." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6190a328a5c990d303911638b13d1b8ba3e17b3e2e93037601b7350086641c33", "meanings": [ "安心", "有依靠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "僕には警察よりも何よりもみんながいてくれることの方が心強いのですよ。", "zh": "对我来说，比起警察，有大家在身边更让人安心。" }, { "ja": "友人が一緒だと心強い。", "zh": "有朋友在一起让我安心。" }, { "ja": "応援してくれて心強かった。", "zh": "你的支持让我感到很有依靠。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b5288189c7", "JMdict ent_seq 1360640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "655b76db3264133670faa883673e033560ba185c744b209d705b2d9d93814374", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8f0629d530", "word": "心細い", "reading": "こころぼそい", "romaji": "kokorobosoi", "meanings": [ "helpless", "forlorn", "hopeless", "unpromising", "lonely", "discouraging", "disheartening" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1360680, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼が帰ってきたのは、ホームシックにかかったからではなく、ふところが心細くなったからである。", "en": "He came back not because he was homesick, but because he was running short of money.", "tatoeba_id": 120498 }, { "ja": "一人で知らない町に来て心細い。", "en": "I feel lonely and insecure alone in an unfamiliar town." }, { "ja": "財布が心細くなった。", "en": "My finances have become precarious." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8aba7a32f1f53b1609236ab27cb6919add8a23a90bffcce2d1148a8367f45b57", "meanings": [ "不安", "无依无靠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼が帰ってきたのは、ホームシックにかかったからではなく、ふところが心細くなったからである。", "zh": "他回来并非因为想家，而是因为手头拮据。" }, { "ja": "一人で知らない町に来て心細い。", "zh": "独自来到陌生的城镇，感到很不安。" }, { "ja": "財布が心細くなった。", "zh": "我手头变得拮据了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8f0629d530", "JMdict ent_seq 1360680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a30f589f6b22255aa3b88765cd6fdd3718029054f991cc2cdfaf711823b60231", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ee9b218794", "word": "試み", "reading": "こころみ", "romaji": "kokoromi", "meanings": [ "trial", "experiment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1312270, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちの試みはすべて無駄だった。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちの{試|こころ}みはすべて{無駄|むだ}だった。", "en": "All our attempts were in vain.", "tatoeba_id": 166960 }, { "ja": "彼は絶望してその試みをあきらめた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{絶望|ぜつぼう}してその{試|こころ}みをあきらめた。", "en": "He gave up the attempt in despair.", "tatoeba_id": 103078 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5ff60f927441ceb13b6f140c2c6c6d03b7609d371c9c4be92436ce45317269e1", "meanings": [ "尝试" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちの試みはすべて無駄だった。", "zh": "我们所有的尝试都白费了。" }, { "ja": "彼は絶望してその試みをあきらめた。", "zh": "他绝望地放弃了那次尝试。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ee9b218794", "JMdict ent_seq 1312270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "310bfb3de60234ec0b30823a5ff5de7255470036a95954317950def0313cd8a7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6c07b898b1", "word": "試みる", "reading": "こころみる", "romaji": "kokoromiru", "meanings": [ "to try", "to test" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1312280, "examples": [ { "ja": "全ての手段が試みられたわけではない。", "en": "Every means has not been tried.", "tatoeba_id": 140864 }, { "ja": "彼女は何度か試みたが、失敗した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{何度|なんど}か{試|こころ}みたが、{失敗|しっぱい}した。", "en": "She tried several times but failed.", "tatoeba_id": 90890 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6fdc4261ef104af876ee152a2ddbaa92f06d49de31851071f2b9d22528b6210e", "meanings": [ "尝试", "试图" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "全ての手段が試みられたわけではない。", "zh": "并不是所有手段都试过了。" }, { "ja": "彼女は何度か試みたが、失敗した。", "zh": "她试了几次，但失败了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6c07b898b1", "JMdict ent_seq 1312280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7450a66a26299a5bfac45021536c0be0660634b52fbce4c1aba3ff1dc44e4595", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ec9c326594", "word": "快い", "reading": "こころよい", "romaji": "kokoroyoi", "meanings": [ "pleasant", "agreeable" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1199970, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は昨夜快く眠った。", "en": "I slept comfortably last night.", "tatoeba_id": 156687 }, { "ja": "彼女は快く願いを聞いてくれた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{快|こころよ}く{願|ねが}いを{聞|き}いてくれた。", "en": "She graciously listened to my request.", "tatoeba_id": 90769 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ac972f4bd0874754cf3023f32ede8ab7ca90834654f55c1e3dd51ece40925a54", "meanings": [ "愉快", "爽快" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は昨夜快く眠った。", "zh": "我昨晚睡得很舒服。" }, { "ja": "彼女は快く願いを聞いてくれた。", "zh": "她爽快地答应了请求。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ec9c326594", "JMdict ent_seq 1199970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e649ecf8144207c2e6819a3e3d4abad970a208f0423829126803ddb59421fb0c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6c00760239", "word": "誤差", "reading": "ごさ", "romaji": "gosa", "meanings": [ "error" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1271320, "examples": [ { "ja": "我々は誤差を見込んで余裕をとっておいた。", "furigana": "{我々|われわれ}は{誤差|ごさ}を{見込|みこ}んで{余裕|よゆう}をとっておいた。", "en": "We left a margin for error in our estimates.", "tatoeba_id": 185868 }, { "ja": "計算にいくらかの誤差を考慮に入れましたか。", "furigana": "{計算|けいさん}にいくらかの{誤差|ごさ}を{考慮|こうりょ}に{入|い}れましたか。", "en": "Have you allowed for any error in your calculation?", "tatoeba_id": 176406 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a9e72c046a7b0c9237b8fdfcbfda826fe235db952f9a51dc9e5a1c514162ac08", "meanings": [ "误差" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "我々は誤差を見込んで余裕をとっておいた。", "zh": "我们预留了余量以考虑误差。" }, { "ja": "計算にいくらかの誤差を考慮に入れましたか。", "zh": "你在计算中考虑了一些误差吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6c00760239", "JMdict ent_seq 1271320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "515c8be5a46497d6ad175979ce03f57fe701fc629c25248a06b9660b5e7bb9bb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "894fa9572b", "word": "ございます", "reading": "ございます", "romaji": "gozaimasu", "meanings": [ "to be (polite)", "to exist" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "exp" ], "jmdict_id": 1612690, "examples": [ { "ja": "ご親切誠にありがとうございます。", "furigana": "ご{親切|しんせつ}{誠|まこと}にありがとうございます。", "en": "Thank you for your kindness.", "tatoeba_id": 217095 }, { "ja": "クリスマスおめでとうございます。", "en": "I wish you a Merry Christmas.", "tatoeba_id": 225482 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "50756357550f8f8fe77aea24f6143d3920d5e34f6b9f7e8c7c176df5b4ef62ec", "meanings": [ "有", "是（郑重语）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ご親切誠にありがとうございます。", "zh": "非常感谢您的好意。" }, { "ja": "クリスマスおめでとうございます。", "zh": "祝您圣诞快乐。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/894fa9572b", "JMdict ent_seq 1612690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0b20428ce06134a4cffa296fb727f15401711d2473e7b78ad50dea5d26b44f2c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "67f434000e", "word": "孤児", "reading": "こじ", "romaji": "koji", "meanings": [ "orphan" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1266810, "examples": [ { "ja": "人々はその孤児を哀れんだ。", "furigana": "{人々|ひとびと}はその{孤児|こじ}を{哀|あわ}れんだ。", "en": "People took pity on the orphan.", "tatoeba_id": 144146 }, { "ja": "その孤児は金持ちに育てられた。", "furigana": "その{孤児|こじ}は{金持|かねも}ちに{育|そだ}てられた。", "en": "The orphan was fostered by the wealthy man.", "tatoeba_id": 210879 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "df9b36022608d0a8abf9bafe5c1e85222c48e300ccd62ae18970d4e25dfccdfb", "meanings": [ "孤儿" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人々はその孤児を哀れんだ。", "zh": "人们怜悯那个孤儿。" }, { "ja": "その孤児は金持ちに育てられた。", "zh": "那个孤儿由一个有钱人抚养长大。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/67f434000e", "JMdict ent_seq 1266810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7c13f0009d2774c4826fa2beda7aed53919b4049a056f7733fdabe92a0e49645", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b10eceb833", "word": "拗れる", "reading": "こじれる", "romaji": "kojireru", "meanings": [ "to get complicated", "to grow worse" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1567270, "examples": [ { "ja": "話し合いがこじれた。", "en": "The discussion became complicated." }, { "ja": "二人の関係がこじれている。", "en": "Their relationship has soured." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1b42d4684afb36e5fde611e4a8a76227a0f4b158672d3c54fe1392f5e7ba90ae", "meanings": [ "复杂化", "恶化" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "話し合いがこじれた。", "zh": "谈判变得复杂了。" }, { "ja": "二人の関係がこじれている。", "zh": "两人的关系恶化了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b10eceb833", "JMdict ent_seq 1567270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "16fa404716658a84dac3fd7677427508137a8616e044f6e22a81d8fcb99c092e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0114b5768e", "word": "故人", "reading": "こじん", "romaji": "kojin", "meanings": [ "the deceased", "old friend" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1267190, "examples": [ { "ja": "故人をしのんで、記念碑が建てられた。", "furigana": "{故人|こじん}をしのんで、{記念碑|きねんひ}が{建|た}てられた。", "en": "A monument was erected in memory of the deceased.", "tatoeba_id": 174513 }, { "ja": "彼はひざまずいて故人の霊に祈りをささげた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はひざまずいて{故人|こじん}の{霊|れい}に{祈|いの}りをささげた。", "en": "He got down on his knees and prayed for the souls of the deceased.", "tatoeba_id": 111184 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7a5e7afdd9f4994ef1a74b51ef9f70b77406cde9e93f7c3b145764d6414781a8", "meanings": [ "故人", "死者" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "故人をしのんで、記念碑が建てられた。", "zh": "人们为纪念逝者建了一座纪念碑。" }, { "ja": "彼はひざまずいて故人の霊に祈りをささげた。", "zh": "他跪下为死者的灵魂祈祷。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0114b5768e", "JMdict ent_seq 1267190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0636defbac557db949420ba9a63ed0d2f8da14cba5e8c93eca252adcb081e517", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d190ba203b", "word": "梢", "reading": "こずえ", "romaji": "kozue", "meanings": [ "treetop" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1349980, "examples": [ { "ja": "梢に小鳥がとまった。", "en": "A small bird perched on the treetop." }, { "ja": "風で梢が揺れている。", "en": "The treetops are swaying in the wind." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "96f623afeac0b6dfcdc04c6d07c3f26eaf1609d19b9dd69d2f76b5401ad464da", "meanings": [ "树梢" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "梢に小鳥がとまった。", "zh": "一只小鸟停在树梢。" }, { "ja": "風で梢が揺れている。", "zh": "树梢在风中摇摆。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d190ba203b", "JMdict ent_seq 1349980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cf5efbabb5bbb6f81c36052883311d31a4126fa2bcddf0974211d6bbb166770f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2afb17f34b", "word": "個性", "reading": "こせい", "romaji": "kosei", "meanings": [ "individuality", "personality", "idiosyncrasy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1264960, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はすばらしい個性を持っている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はすばらしい{個性|こせい}を{持|も}っている。", "en": "He has a wonderful personality.", "tatoeba_id": 113360 }, { "ja": "西洋の世界では個性が強調される。", "furigana": "{西洋|せいよう}の{世界|せかい}では{個性|こせい}が{強調|きょうちょう}される。", "en": "Individuality is stressed in the Western world.", "tatoeba_id": 142616 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7cfa024fd42618879904fee6195e0e4b2b583a7c4efca23675269c26e035b52b", "meanings": [ "个性" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はすばらしい個性を持っている。", "zh": "他拥有很棒的个性。" }, { "ja": "西洋の世界では個性が強調される。", "zh": "西方世界强调个性。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2afb17f34b", "JMdict ent_seq 1264960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f75caf97c7b12afc3eb0e7a545815fdc5f69d71fd6ee0b757d57b3c33f1f6c3f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a5f0701fd1", "word": "戸籍", "reading": "こせき", "romaji": "koseki", "meanings": [ "census", "family register" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1267030, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はまだ夫の戸籍に入っていない。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はまだ{夫|おっと}の{戸籍|こせき}に{入|はい}っていない。", "en": "She has not yet had her name entered in her husband's family.", "tatoeba_id": 91469 }, { "ja": "戸籍上の縁は切れても、昔日の絆はそのままだ。", "furigana": "{戸籍|こせき}{上|じょう}の{縁|えん}は{切|き}れても、{昔日|せきじつ}の{絆|きずな}はそのままだ。", "en": "Our connection may be cut on paper but the bonds of old remain as they were.", "tatoeba_id": 76182 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "72b4cdee759f95bf23efe9270e9cf4bdecbf781a02cfded4754cb9042871dbc8", "meanings": [ "户籍" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はまだ夫の戸籍に入っていない。", "zh": "她还没有进入丈夫的户籍。" }, { "ja": "戸籍上の縁は切れても、昔日の絆はそのままだ。", "zh": "即使户籍上的关系断绝，往日的羁绊仍然存在。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a5f0701fd1", "JMdict ent_seq 1267030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e18aede56758253621b7d0df830e3c0cf51423c2d7b175a5a005b4cdf315f686", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "63898c1dc6", "word": "小銭", "reading": "こぜに", "romaji": "kozeni", "meanings": [ "coins", "small change" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1348470, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は小銭の持ち合わせがない。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{小銭|こぜに}の{持|も}ち{合|あ}わせがない。", "en": "I have no small change on me.", "tatoeba_id": 155891 }, { "ja": "小銭の持ち合わせはありますか。", "furigana": "{小銭|こぜに}の{持|も}ち{合|あ}わせはありますか。", "en": "Do you have small change with you?", "tatoeba_id": 146928 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "080432b79c19d9596c8d86a4e2b3e5f9117001c1f27c1111943425207d5d6ee8", "meanings": [ "零钱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は小銭の持ち合わせがない。", "zh": "我身上没有零钱。" }, { "ja": "小銭の持ち合わせはありますか。", "zh": "你有零钱吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/63898c1dc6", "JMdict ent_seq 1348470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "56e43aa8b56a7e5f034c4a5d1e7ec841166c6cf26803cea3312b52452cd7610d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "edf6cae070", "word": "固体", "reading": "こたい", "romaji": "kotai", "meanings": [ "solid (body)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1266640, "examples": [ { "ja": "固体が解けると液体になる。", "en": "When a solid melts, it becomes liquid.", "tatoeba_id": 174571 }, { "ja": "水は液体である。凍ると固体になる。", "furigana": "{水|みず}は{液体|えきたい}である。{凍|こお}ると{固体|こたい}になる。", "en": "Water is liquid. When it freezes, it becomes solid.", "tatoeba_id": 143772 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3348b13b13fb41d124543800911aab70c79080329fdb6542562a19626b05af1f", "meanings": [ "固体" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "固体が解けると液体になる。", "zh": "固体融化后变成液体。" }, { "ja": "水は液体である。凍ると固体になる。", "zh": "水是液体，冻结后变成固体。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/edf6cae070", "JMdict ent_seq 1266640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "872e46e68cfd8a21f3c5a3a61c5714853b06ea9f9143046ab25f3d50541392a1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d99e36feff", "word": "古代", "reading": "こだい", "romaji": "kodai", "meanings": [ "ancient times" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1265760, "examples": [ { "ja": "古代インカの時代に、アメリカ大陸でもっとも大きい都市であった。", "furigana": "{古代|こだい}インカの{時代|じだい}に、アメリカ{大陸|たいりく}でもっとも{大|おお}きい{都市|とし}であった。", "en": "In the days of the ancient Incas, it was the largest city in America.", "tatoeba_id": 174598 }, { "ja": "民主主義は古代ギリシャに始まった。", "furigana": "{民主主義|みんしゅしゅぎ}は{古代|こだい}ギリシャに{始|はじ}まった。", "en": "Democracy originated in Ancient Greece.", "tatoeba_id": 81023 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bec19eec5a6412bf68a797da775590f9e2da3a0f13b2ae4d9b02c3aa19fa769f", "meanings": [ "古代" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "古代インカの時代に、アメリカ大陸でもっとも大きい都市であった。", "zh": "在古印加时代，它是美洲大陆最大的城市。" }, { "ja": "民主主義は古代ギリシャに始まった。", "zh": "民主起源于古希腊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d99e36feff", "JMdict ent_seq 1265760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "df40900b7432c2c513f4e3b737f4ca030f3f1e151c37520d33a55050e2245089", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "708be70d5e", "word": "堪える", "reading": "こたえる", "romaji": "kotaeru", "meanings": [ "to bear", "to stand", "to endure", "to put up with", "to support", "to withstand", "to resist", "to brave", "to be fit for" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 2827352, "examples": [ { "ja": "痛みに堪える。", "en": "Endure the pain." }, { "ja": "厳しい訓練に堪えた。", "en": "He endured rigorous training." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c6c461e5f3883997de5e782e8f8efcebe0e51e865920f0db540cdce6dc3a802f", "meanings": [ "忍受", "承受" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "痛みに堪える。", "zh": "忍受疼痛。" }, { "ja": "厳しい訓練に堪えた。", "zh": "他承受了严格的训练。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/708be70d5e", "JMdict ent_seq 2827352; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "df0e083efe6d38ff6dc2ed4c19d951e829e59adf629975d888415547f4eaf504", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e642ca265e", "word": "こたつ", "reading": "こたつ", "romaji": "kotatsu", "meanings": [ "table with heater", "(orig) charcoal brazier in a floor well" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1194360, "other_forms": [ "炬燵", "火燵" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "こたつで寝ちゃったら風邪引くのはあたりまえ。自己管理がなっていない。", "en": "Of course you'll catch a cold if you fall asleep under the kotatsu. You have to learn to take care of yourself.", "tatoeba_id": 224206 }, { "ja": "冬はこたつで温まる。", "en": "Warm up under the kotatsu in winter." }, { "ja": "家族がこたつを囲んだ。", "en": "The family gathered around the kotatsu." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "cbf78e4f826f721d71502bec344a6b3bb4bdf1efa448f1862d28e35d3428868b", "meanings": [ "被炉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "こたつで寝ちゃったら風邪引くのはあたりまえ。自己管理がなっていない。", "zh": "在被炉里睡着了会感冒是当然的，你太不注意照顾自己了。" }, { "ja": "冬はこたつで温まる。", "zh": "冬天在被炉里取暖。" }, { "ja": "家族がこたつを囲んだ。", "zh": "家人围坐在被炉旁。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e642ca265e", "JMdict ent_seq 1194360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1482c4bfd39ce8c9443aef95582874b9a346d4c8b4ae2314cff50485a2dab0e6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c2b11f0429", "word": "こだわる", "reading": "こだわる", "romaji": "kodawaru", "meanings": [ "to fuss over", "to be particular about", "to be concerned about" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1004480, "examples": [ { "ja": "日本人はあまり宗教にはこだわらない。", "furigana": "{日本人|にほんじん}はあまり{宗教|しゅうきょう}にはこだわらない。", "en": "Japanese are not so particular about religion.", "tatoeba_id": 122274 }, { "ja": "その男の子はあくまでも髪の毛を伸ばすことにこだわった。", "furigana": "その{男|おとこ}の{子|こ}はあくまでも{髪|かみ}の{毛|け}を{伸|の}ばすことにこだわった。", "en": "The boy persisted in wearing his hair long.", "tatoeba_id": 208162 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3db49598e7ed94df70ff67e915009589f93bdf88d10cac2dc461affc4639f7a7", "meanings": [ "拘泥", "讲究" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "日本人はあまり宗教にはこだわらない。", "zh": "日本人对宗教不太拘泥。" }, { "ja": "その男の子はあくまでも髪の毛を伸ばすことにこだわった。", "zh": "那个男孩坚持要留长头发。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c2b11f0429", "JMdict ent_seq 1004480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "24302dec0ec28facbc3248795fcfdbf6a321b07523be455b740dc49f11120dfc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7878bde6a2", "word": "誇張", "reading": "こちょう", "romaji": "kochou", "meanings": [ "exaggeration" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1267820, "examples": [ { "ja": "その報告ではホールの収容能力が誇張されていた。", "furigana": "その{報告|ほうこく}ではホールの{収容能力|しゅうようのうりょく}が{誇張|こちょう}されていた。", "en": "The report exaggerated the capacity of the hall.", "tatoeba_id": 206798 }, { "ja": "彼を天才と呼んでも誇張ではない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}を{天才|てんさい}と{呼|よ}んでも{誇張|こちょう}ではない。", "en": "It is no exaggeration to call him a genius.", "tatoeba_id": 95805 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ce304025dd0a2f5ced2095a139eb33e374aeb6708614fb2066e50915a249e8a4", "meanings": [ "夸张" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その報告ではホールの収容能力が誇張されていた。", "zh": "那份报告夸大了大厅的容纳能力。" }, { "ja": "彼を天才と呼んでも誇張ではない。", "zh": "称他为天才也不夸张。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7878bde6a2", "JMdict ent_seq 1267820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "25f230796ad4c98bcdc96a2d4736105aa7b3dfe64bb25694c9499296ad4810b2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3b5b1c60b8", "word": "骨", "reading": "こつ", "romaji": "kotsu", "meanings": [ "knack", "skill" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1288540, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は金もうけのこつを知っている。", "en": "She knows the art of making money.", "tatoeba_id": 90409 }, { "ja": "彼は友達を作るコツを知っている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{友達|ともだち}を{作|つく}るコツを{知|し}っている。", "en": "He knows the art of making friends.", "tatoeba_id": 99279 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "54844475dd793f9db85215c3b59206438529c0c738b68ffb4e0abb2b7c80623d", "meanings": [ "诀窍", "技巧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は金もうけのこつを知っている。", "zh": "她知道赚钱的诀窍。" }, { "ja": "彼は友達を作るコツを知っている。", "zh": "他知道交朋友的诀窍。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3b5b1c60b8", "JMdict ent_seq 1288540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "60ef912039cadbaa6f15130561d08b80fb15db7b3ad841807050597fa488e484", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0fe2f2817d", "word": "滑稽", "reading": "こっけい", "romaji": "kokkei", "meanings": [ "funny", "humorous", "comical", "laughable", "ridiculous", "joking" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1208660, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はこっけいな性質の人だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はこっけいな{性質|せいしつ}の{人|ひと}だ。", "en": "He is of a humorous turn of mind.", "tatoeba_id": 113826 }, { "ja": "あの喜劇役者は大変こっけいだ。", "furigana": "あの{喜劇|きげき}{役者|やくしゃ}は{大変|たいへん}こっけいだ。", "en": "That comedian is very funny.", "tatoeba_id": 231104 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a46ff34ad2078482145fbc6fba3ebed504dbb5da4e1da3766f9ac490d80090a1", "meanings": [ "滑稽", "可笑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はこっけいな性質の人だ。", "zh": "他是个性格滑稽的人。" }, { "ja": "あの喜劇役者は大変こっけいだ。", "zh": "那个喜剧演员非常滑稽。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0fe2f2817d", "JMdict ent_seq 1208660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8e4218407ea94150e208782713349223286199f193d75a41d1c458b47095f3e2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "adcfdcee87", "word": "国交", "reading": "こっこう", "romaji": "kokkou", "meanings": [ "diplomatic relations" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1286380, "examples": [ { "ja": "それ以来カナダとイランの国交は断絶している。", "en": "Since then, diplomatic relations between Canada and Iran have been suspended.", "tatoeba_id": 3045256 }, { "ja": "両国は国交を結んだ。", "en": "The two countries established diplomatic relations." }, { "ja": "国交の正常化を目指す。", "en": "Aim to normalize diplomatic relations." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6ec925e4b5f264ffcb2fee6d5b2876cd5df988402870eee3c26d1e78ccd4ba95", "meanings": [ "外交关系" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それ以来カナダとイランの国交は断絶している。", "zh": "从那以后，加拿大和伊朗的外交关系断绝了。" }, { "ja": "両国は国交を結んだ。", "zh": "两国建立了外交关系。" }, { "ja": "国交の正常化を目指す。", "zh": "致力于外交关系正常化。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/adcfdcee87", "JMdict ent_seq 1286380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "39c5d4a4de3f4d59bd52621ac7586f66765e7eb341e1cd10968ad6a2ac09d317", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4951764bd4", "word": "骨董品", "reading": "こっとうひん", "romaji": "kottouhin", "meanings": [ "curio" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1288710, "examples": [ { "ja": "このテーブルは貴重な骨董品だ。", "en": "This table is a priceless antique.", "tatoeba_id": 223533 }, { "ja": "骨董品を見る目には自信があります。", "furigana": "{骨董品|こっとうひん}を{見|み}る{目|め}には{自信|じしん}があります。", "en": "I have a good eye for the value of antiques.", "tatoeba_id": 172948 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fee9967f2a9998aed6d051f704ade59704e33c54b766d1a237b91f7b283b8c6d", "meanings": [ "古董" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このテーブルは貴重な骨董品だ。", "zh": "这张桌子是珍贵的古董。" }, { "ja": "骨董品を見る目には自信があります。", "zh": "我对鉴赏古董的眼力有信心。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4951764bd4", "JMdict ent_seq 1288710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "aa59c4c210c325a4bca69628c719f5354834f6b3219c645fee03e50a3da477c4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "241e01eeea", "word": "固定", "reading": "こてい", "romaji": "kotei", "meanings": [ "fixation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1266650, "examples": [ { "ja": "このテーブルはがたつく。しっかり固定させてくれ。", "furigana": "このテーブルはがたつく。しっかり{固定|こてい}させてくれ。", "en": "This table is shaky. Make it stay firm.", "tatoeba_id": 223536 }, { "ja": "書棚は壁に固定したほうがいい。", "furigana": "{書棚|しょだな}は{壁|かべ}に{固定|こてい}したほうがいい。", "en": "You had better fix the bookcase to the wall.", "tatoeba_id": 147414 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3dcf84f30982a185b12ada5dc7f09add341acff8b26ef578cb89e2b9a4656613", "meanings": [ "固定" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このテーブルはがたつく。しっかり固定させてくれ。", "zh": "这张桌子晃动，请把它固定好。" }, { "ja": "書棚は壁に固定したほうがいい。", "zh": "书架最好固定在墙上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/241e01eeea", "JMdict ent_seq 1266650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6a8330dd0f2af737899ccc03d423fd3f6e0d6a087800b24b504d1c888816671f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3ebdf0c56a", "word": "毎", "reading": "ごと", "romaji": "goto", "meanings": [ "each respectively" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1524640, "examples": [ { "ja": "一人ごとに資料を配る。", "en": "Distribute materials to each person." }, { "ja": "一時間ごとに休憩する。", "en": "Take a break every hour." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7776ea748b7b59cc9bc52e73ecca4d6c0416def279c19cff34e44d14b6f64463", "meanings": [ "每", "每隔" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "一人ごとに資料を配る。", "zh": "给每个人分发资料。" }, { "ja": "一時間ごとに休憩する。", "zh": "每小时休息一次。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3ebdf0c56a", "JMdict ent_seq 1524640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f78ebe4b77a304a1b8e95429fedd909038b5f7b5ff8ce6b1aa3b67c01a84a932", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "341be3b6a2", "word": "事柄", "reading": "ことがら", "romaji": "kotogara", "meanings": [ "matter", "thing", "affair", "circumstance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1314240, "examples": [ { "ja": "君の関する事柄ではない。", "en": "That is no business of yours.", "tatoeba_id": 178430 }, { "ja": "彼らはその事柄を調査している。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはその{事柄|ことがら}を{調査|ちょうさ}している。", "en": "They are inquiring into the matter.", "tatoeba_id": 97915 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5ea8e54a023535e89282e33d4cb48fa31afb05f52bc3e486a984b77b4a166939", "meanings": [ "事情", "事项" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "君の関する事柄ではない。", "zh": "这与你无关。" }, { "ja": "彼らはその事柄を調査している。", "zh": "他们正在调查那件事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/341be3b6a2", "JMdict ent_seq 1314240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "de9eee126f65a6cd073cd7c0d069a744fb199de267d8d8b2333a04b87b5d6cc4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b538b0f211", "word": "孤独", "reading": "こどく", "romaji": "kodoku", "meanings": [ "isolation", "loneliness", "solitude" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1266850, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はこの上なくさびしく、孤独だ。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はこの{上|うえ}なくさびしく、{孤独|こどく}だ。", "en": "I am as sad and lonely as can be.", "tatoeba_id": 160850 }, { "ja": "富と名声はあるのに、彼は孤独だ。", "furigana": "{富|とみ}と{名声|めいせい}はあるのに、{彼|かれ}は{孤独|こどく}だ。", "en": "For all his wealth and fame, he is a lonely man.", "tatoeba_id": 84960 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8e221df593c6b421ea447b5cddcd1509e845ae2a1bce9fa23102714519259e48", "meanings": [ "孤独" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はこの上なくさびしく、孤独だ。", "zh": "我寂寞到了极点，十分孤独。" }, { "ja": "富と名声はあるのに、彼は孤独だ。", "zh": "尽管拥有财富和名声，他还是很孤独。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b538b0f211", "JMdict ent_seq 1266850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "29551ba8a3f8129a7378f831f07f8cee9ade737ed0c97d77b691f328bb35ee8b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "751e056741", "word": "悉く", "reading": "ことごとく", "romaji": "kotogotoku", "meanings": [ "altogether", "entirely" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1004570, "examples": [ { "ja": "トムはこれまで手をつけた仕事はことごとく成功した。", "en": "Tom has always done well in every job he has had.", "tatoeba_id": 200089 }, { "ja": "私達の計画はことごとく失敗した。", "en": "All our plans went wrong.", "tatoeba_id": 151974 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "49ef158d42e3fefeff074cac476aa81939849c88039779b3a85d386ca98b093e", "meanings": [ "全部", "无一例外" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "トムはこれまで手をつけた仕事はことごとく成功した。", "zh": "汤姆至今着手的工作全部成功了。" }, { "ja": "私達の計画はことごとく失敗した。", "zh": "我们的计划全都失败了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/751e056741", "JMdict ent_seq 1004570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "905cd73c64fa49d6e238f581181f3c038715314f8d3d7a965f398ec5aafad851", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6675231d1f", "word": "言伝", "reading": "ことづて", "romaji": "kotozute", "meanings": [ "declaration", "hearsay" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1264510, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼が死んだことは言伝に知りました。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}が{死|し}んだことは{言伝|ことづて}に{知|し}りました。", "en": "I heard that he'd died.", "tatoeba_id": 75802 }, { "ja": "母からの言伝を預かった。", "en": "I received a message from my mother to pass on." }, { "ja": "言伝を本人に伝えた。", "en": "I passed the message to the person." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9797c30e29b59996821e8b3ef1f2fd04858b9c13ceaef8bdeee207c1360c1abb", "meanings": [ "口信", "传话" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼が死んだことは言伝に知りました。", "zh": "我听人传话得知他去世了。" }, { "ja": "母からの言伝を預かった。", "zh": "我受托转达母亲的口信。" }, { "ja": "言伝を本人に伝えた。", "zh": "我把口信转达给了本人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6675231d1f", "JMdict ent_seq 1264510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "686f1d551304cd3089729603e3c088ae6a8eb827e4760a1da5a8abb568f80965", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4d20ba9a5b", "word": "殊に", "reading": "ことに", "romaji": "kotoni", "meanings": [ "especially", "above all" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1328650, "examples": [ { "ja": "冬は殊に寒さが厳しい。", "en": "The cold is especially severe in winter." }, { "ja": "今年は殊に雨が多い。", "en": "There is especially much rain this year." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "de4720a2a9135a5d163960800e8a862160e9963f866cd9a745a8a5336f7bb82f", "meanings": [ "尤其", "特别" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "冬は殊に寒さが厳しい。", "zh": "冬天尤其寒冷。" }, { "ja": "今年は殊に雨が多い。", "zh": "今年雨水特别多。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4d20ba9a5b", "JMdict ent_seq 1328650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "adb2f619d9ea37eb53c2d2362145814de9c65dc8098169f4c9faa10636fec7f1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "26bcaec009", "word": "事によると", "reading": "ことによると", "romaji": "kotoniyoruto", "meanings": [ "depending on the circumstances" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "exp" ], "jmdict_id": 2773660, "examples": [ { "ja": "ことによると、きみにも一緒にきてもらう。", "furigana": "ことによると、きみにも{一緒|いっしょ}にきてもらう。", "en": "Maybe you'd better come with us.", "tatoeba_id": 224093 }, { "ja": "ことによると父は次の列車で帰るかもしれません。", "en": "My father will possibly come on the next train.", "tatoeba_id": 224092 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ddc9fd3d16b725bcd8a9861dc803855570441aef9ec29810c9efe0d66740d677", "meanings": [ "说不定", "也许" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ことによると、きみにも一緒にきてもらう。", "zh": "说不定也要请你一起去。" }, { "ja": "ことによると父は次の列車で帰るかもしれません。", "zh": "父亲也许会乘下一班列车回来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/26bcaec009", "JMdict ent_seq 2773660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2cc0dc311bc0f0243c262968369950a17249e2b6be30e5c17a666ffbf7baba0d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "24c85203c2", "word": "粉々", "reading": "こなごな", "romaji": "konagona", "meanings": [ "in very small pieces" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1593360, "examples": [ { "ja": "花びんは粉々になった。", "en": "The vase broke into fragments.", "tatoeba_id": 186605 }, { "ja": "その爆発で真空管は粉々になった。", "furigana": "その{爆発|ばくはつ}で{真空管|しんくうかん}は{粉々|こなごな}になった。", "en": "The tube was shattered by the explosion.", "tatoeba_id": 207234 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7f686238f050639a811cc0488d056a39e7790d8ae581ce1e12120c5e9d266b2e", "meanings": [ "粉碎" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "花びんは粉々になった。", "zh": "花瓶摔得粉碎。" }, { "ja": "その爆発で真空管は粉々になった。", "zh": "那场爆炸把真空管炸得粉碎。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/24c85203c2", "JMdict ent_seq 1593360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fbf90495727127f5600ac575beb5af378a56289219f7a43ffb68116b779ec3c2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e9e9721946", "word": "好ましい", "reading": "このましい", "romaji": "konomashii", "meanings": [ "nice", "likeable", "desirable" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1277490, "examples": [ { "ja": "この映画は、子供に好ましくない影響を与えるかもしれない。", "furigana": "この{映画|えいが}は、{子供|こども}に{好|この}ましくない{影響|えいきょう}を{与|あた}えるかもしれない。", "en": "This movie may have an undesirable influence on children.", "tatoeba_id": 222923 }, { "ja": "その志望者は試験官に好ましい印象を与えた。", "furigana": "その{志望者|しぼうしゃ}は{試験官|しけんかん}に{好|この}ましい{印象|いんしょう}を{与|あた}えた。", "en": "The applicant impressed the examiner favorably.", "tatoeba_id": 210083 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e12ebc3ab308dcad264a2046506da4366fceb3823c6e62fcae3b4195b1cf1738", "meanings": [ "好", "理想" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この映画は、子供に好ましくない影響を与えるかもしれない。", "zh": "这部电影可能对儿童产生不良影响。" }, { "ja": "その志望者は試験官に好ましい印象を与えた。", "zh": "那位应聘者给考官留下了好印象。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e9e9721946", "JMdict ent_seq 1277490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "dfd27a71a733f48c29c34ebbc68004cba06b066b44bf84e8f86cd4d45dd52e68", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e1c5561520", "word": "碁盤", "reading": "ごばん", "romaji": "goban", "meanings": [ "Go board" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1270890, "examples": [ { "ja": "碁盤に石を並べる。", "en": "Place stones on the go board." }, { "ja": "新しい碁盤を買った。", "en": "I bought a new go board." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "34613882382279c1ef21b7d78769629ba2a2114785f6ee3fe8adb16f975f720e", "meanings": [ "围棋棋盘" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "碁盤に石を並べる。", "zh": "在围棋棋盘上摆棋子。" }, { "ja": "新しい碁盤を買った。", "zh": "我买了一副新棋盘。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e1c5561520", "JMdict ent_seq 1270890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "95fcdb0ea633098577588d1b02db7d9bc0622e1db0ad2f6fa1a87d8279396492", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e822eb5d76", "word": "個別", "reading": "こべつ", "romaji": "kobetsu", "meanings": [ "particular case" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1265000, "examples": [ { "ja": "あらゆる事態を個別に分析する必要がある。", "furigana": "あらゆる{事態|じたい}を{個別|こべつ}に{分析|ぶんせき}する{必要|ひつよう}がある。", "en": "Every situation requires individual analysis.", "tatoeba_id": 230027 }, { "ja": "税金のために彼は銀行口座を個別にしておきたかった。", "furigana": "{税金|ぜいきん}のために{彼|かれ}は{銀行口座|ぎんこうこうざ}を{個別|こべつ}にしておきたかった。", "en": "He wished to keep the bank accounts separate for tax purposes.", "tatoeba_id": 142483 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fd9a833c216e4e4ca2044527b086beba193d49171569a39778696dc2f93623ba", "meanings": [ "个别", "分别" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あらゆる事態を個別に分析する必要がある。", "zh": "有必要逐一分析所有情况。" }, { "ja": "税金のために彼は銀行口座を個別にしておきたかった。", "zh": "为了税务，他想把银行账户分开。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e822eb5d76", "JMdict ent_seq 1265000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "83ec1adc0cb96a10df211d2159d2251fdbe66a6d65a0247f3eecf26418117942", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f3bcf28ff0", "word": "コマーシャル", "reading": "コマーシャル", "romaji": "komaasharu", "meanings": [ "a commercial" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1050720, "examples": [ { "ja": "あのコマーシャルってインパクト強いね。特に、音楽が耳に残るよ。", "en": "That commercial makes a strong impression - especially the music. It stays in your head.", "tatoeba_id": 231331 }, { "ja": "彼はスーパーマーケットのコマーシャルを扱っている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はスーパーマーケットのコマーシャルを{扱|あつか}っている。", "en": "He deals with the commercials of the supermarket.", "tatoeba_id": 113493 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "790068136cbcb35f038eb3c8575b5e77114343d881d04cf248b77c3eb5ac16a8", "meanings": [ "广告" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あのコマーシャルってインパクト強いね。特に、音楽が耳に残るよ。", "zh": "那个广告冲击力很强，尤其是音乐让人难忘。" }, { "ja": "彼はスーパーマーケットのコマーシャルを扱っている。", "zh": "他负责超市的广告。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f3bcf28ff0", "JMdict ent_seq 1050720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4f5c40fceee5264b2c44e536d0c26f9cb64269e71eaeed3d65f12d274691b3e5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6c9978c0ad", "word": "誤魔化す", "reading": "ごまかす", "romaji": "gomakasu", "meanings": [ "to deceive", "to falsify", "to misrepresent" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1271480, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はそのことを笑ってごまかした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はそのことを{笑|わら}ってごまかした。", "en": "He laughed the matter away.", "tatoeba_id": 113183 }, { "ja": "彼らは税金を逃れるために帳じりをごまかした。", "en": "They falsified the account balances to evade the tax.", "tatoeba_id": 96724 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ae71dd2a60a7f2863eb97d62d6135cf347c201ef7bfc8779eedccda351384030", "meanings": [ "蒙混", "造假" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はそのことを笑ってごまかした。", "zh": "他笑着把那件事搪塞过去了。" }, { "ja": "彼らは税金を逃れるために帳じりをごまかした。", "zh": "他们为了逃税而篡改账目。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6c9978c0ad", "JMdict ent_seq 1271480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "51c07cf584c0b15ab35dc5134bd581e3db10c0e2082feaa308ec9427a41a73ba", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d3a2b00ef3", "word": "細やか", "reading": "こまやか", "romaji": "komayaka", "meanings": [ "friendly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1295550, "examples": [ { "ja": "愛情こまやかな老夫婦を見るのはいいものだ。", "furigana": "{愛情|あいじょう}こまやかな{老夫婦|ろうふうふ}を{見|み}るのはいいものだ。", "en": "It is pleasant to watch a loving old couple.", "tatoeba_id": 191531 }, { "ja": "細やかな気配りに感謝した。", "en": "I appreciated the thoughtful attention." }, { "ja": "細やかな感情を描いた小説だ。", "en": "It is a novel depicting subtle emotions." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "28234d974c8a8dd1e942848d212c3f880490bfa3e41c6083ed7d8b883cad3abf", "meanings": [ "细致", "亲切" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "愛情こまやかな老夫婦を見るのはいいものだ。", "zh": "看到充满爱意的老夫妻令人愉快。" }, { "ja": "細やかな気配りに感謝した。", "zh": "我感谢对方细致的关怀。" }, { "ja": "細やかな感情を描いた小説だ。", "zh": "这是一部描写细腻感情的小说。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d3a2b00ef3", "JMdict ent_seq 1295550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ef722aa09e0444f9d457ad55a44cf5dd877be1afbdbaf82170e2865058e91ae6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d21eb02cf1", "word": "コミュニケーション", "reading": "コミュニケーション", "romaji": "komyunikeeshon", "meanings": [ "communication" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1050980, "examples": [ { "ja": "コミュニケーションと言う語はどういう意味であろうか。", "en": "What do you mean by communication?", "tatoeba_id": 219092 }, { "ja": "言葉はコミュニケーションのひとつの手段である。", "furigana": "{言葉|ことば}はコミュニケーションのひとつの{手段|しゅだん}である。", "en": "Language is a means of communication.", "tatoeba_id": 237467 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "343afee4659620dd6955eef90a739c210fed5b2bd581b2429855a22beb7d3c6d", "meanings": [ "交流", "沟通" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "コミュニケーションと言う語はどういう意味であろうか。", "zh": "沟通这个词是什么意思呢？" }, { "ja": "言葉はコミュニケーションのひとつの手段である。", "zh": "语言是沟通的一种手段。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d21eb02cf1", "JMdict ent_seq 1050980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "52297b99573491ef944bfe96d58e8eab6acf8977be03a6199c91bd940fa80dc4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fcaabc719d", "word": "混む", "reading": "こむ", "romaji": "komu", "meanings": [ "to be crowded" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 2849867, "examples": [ { "ja": "あのレストランはいつも混んでいる。", "furigana": "あのレストランはいつも{混|こ}んでいる。", "en": "The restaurant is always packed.", "tatoeba_id": 231227 }, { "ja": "土曜日のカラオケ屋は特に混んでいる。", "furigana": "{土曜日|どようび}のカラオケ{屋|や}は{特|とく}に{混|こ}んでいる。", "en": "The karaoke shop is especially crowded on Saturdays.", "tatoeba_id": 124464 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b29810c84c147985732533a83a72319300719a97b08b7905fc9c0232444e3c2e", "meanings": [ "拥挤" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あのレストランはいつも混んでいる。", "zh": "那家餐厅总是很拥挤。" }, { "ja": "土曜日のカラオケ屋は特に混んでいる。", "zh": "星期六的卡拉OK店特别拥挤。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fcaabc719d", "JMdict ent_seq 2849867; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f17658775d89e1285510b7970245a74850a3677bed4c2814f4500f91d39af31b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c9d5fa3c62", "word": "込める", "reading": "こめる", "romaji": "komeru", "meanings": [ "to include", "to put into" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1288790, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はこの銃に弾丸を込めたままにしている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はこの{銃|じゅう}に{弾丸|だんがん}を{込|こ}めたままにしている。", "en": "He keeps this gun loaded.", "tatoeba_id": 113761 }, { "ja": "新憲法には、王権を弱める意図が込められていました。", "furigana": "{新憲法|しんけんぽう}には、{王権|おうけん}を{弱|よわ}める{意図|いと}が{込|こ}められていました。", "en": "The new constitution included the aim of abridging the king's power.", "tatoeba_id": 636245 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8da7098f5c6ebb7e0c1dfca553222a39fb536e79b886cb9a6b4d35e204dbb036", "meanings": [ "装入", "倾注" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はこの銃に弾丸を込めたままにしている。", "zh": "他让这把枪一直装着子弹。" }, { "ja": "新憲法には、王権を弱める意図が込められていました。", "zh": "新宪法中包含了削弱王权的意图。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c9d5fa3c62", "JMdict ent_seq 1288790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c2196339e3f5c351dff5b501562b8ee516566bc379ac6cd9ef40346dafc90095", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "969ea280e7", "word": "コメント", "reading": "コメント", "romaji": "komento", "meanings": [ "comment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1051230, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの報告書に目を通し、コメントを書いておきました。", "furigana": "あなたの{報告書|ほうこくしょ}に{目|め}を{通|とお}し、コメントを{書|か}いておきました。", "en": "I've looked through your report and made some notes on it.", "tatoeba_id": 233029 }, { "ja": "コメントを用意してきてください。", "furigana": "コメントを{用意|ようい}してきてください。", "en": "Please come prepared to provide your comments.", "tatoeba_id": 219064 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a68ad3fd894bd8c18cda670c4b263c074e48bea11d01f4978e579db535a4d095", "meanings": [ "评论" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの報告書に目を通し、コメントを書いておきました。", "zh": "我看过你的报告，写好了评论。" }, { "ja": "コメントを用意してきてください。", "zh": "请准备好评论。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/969ea280e7", "JMdict ent_seq 1051230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "172ed0eef77b7875210f6e17c3ab7b057525c5a122210faafb6a7ea64f7a17e4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8f4523a0a1", "word": "こもる", "reading": "こもる", "romaji": "komoru", "meanings": [ "to seclude oneself", "to be confined in", "to be implied", "to be stuffy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1593430, "other_forms": [ "籠もる" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私に愛情のこもった手紙をくれた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{私|わたし}に{愛情|あいじょう}のこもった{手紙|てがみ}をくれた。", "en": "He sent me an affectionate letter.", "tatoeba_id": 106127 }, { "ja": "彼は、よく書斎にこもって、こういうものを書きます。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は、よく{書斎|しょさい}にこもって、こういうものを{書|か}きます。", "en": "He often shuts himself up in the study and writes things like this.", "tatoeba_id": 147419 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f7ec906e1bb72fbdb94ccbe4246fcd73cf67ee39f18bdf1776867654334a10b7", "meanings": [ "闭门不出", "充满" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私に愛情のこもった手紙をくれた。", "zh": "他给了我一封充满爱意的信。" }, { "ja": "彼は、よく書斎にこもって、こういうものを書きます。", "zh": "他经常关在书房里写这些东西。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8f4523a0a1", "JMdict ent_seq 1593430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9f8f24b59959d41cbcb9f123ac8260a13005f198604ab2ec9d5b38af4096a306", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "771504a003", "word": "固有", "reading": "こゆう", "romaji": "koyuu", "meanings": [ "characteristic", "tradition", "peculiar", "inherent", "eigen-" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1266730, "examples": [ { "ja": "羽は鳥に固有のものだ。", "furigana": "{羽|はね}は{鳥|とり}に{固有|こゆう}のものだ。", "en": "Feathers are peculiar to birds.", "tatoeba_id": 189853 }, { "ja": "その問題はこのシステムに固有のものだ。", "furigana": "その{問題|もんだい}はこのシステムに{固有|こゆう}のものだ。", "en": "The problems are inherent in this system.", "tatoeba_id": 206463 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4a4982b30f67b56aae2700c2e8a52e8d49208428cf50ad2083dfefd9c6ecc280", "meanings": [ "固有", "特有" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "羽は鳥に固有のものだ。", "zh": "羽毛是鸟类特有的。" }, { "ja": "その問題はこのシステムに固有のものだ。", "zh": "那个问题是这一系统所固有的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/771504a003", "JMdict ent_seq 1266730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "df28ae9d7b9183c69a3eda5bd57da7fb19bdef8c3a7a2e02d60fb621f4e162cc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9ed7e63ed9", "word": "雇用", "reading": "こよう", "romaji": "koyou", "meanings": [ "employment (long term)", "hire" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1267860, "examples": [ { "ja": "何人の従業員が雇用されていますか。", "furigana": "{何人|なんにん}の{従業員|じゅうぎょういん}が{雇用|こよう}されていますか。", "en": "How many people are there on the payroll?", "tatoeba_id": 187376 }, { "ja": "政府の投資は多くの雇用を創出するだろう。", "furigana": "{政府|せいふ}の{投資|とうし}は{多|おお}くの{雇用|こよう}を{創出|そうしゅつ}するだろう。", "en": "The government's investment will create many jobs.", "tatoeba_id": 143146 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a92a1d48377029a87e214c75265a31fee229c0574488428597f6efb485379a50", "meanings": [ "雇用", "就业" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "何人の従業員が雇用されていますか。", "zh": "雇用了多少员工？" }, { "ja": "政府の投資は多くの雇用を創出するだろう。", "zh": "政府投资将创造许多就业机会。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9ed7e63ed9", "JMdict ent_seq 1267860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8ddfa820def651c7e53d91bb990b351ff8829a005378b6c79d59eccee7c154a8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c0e7e3b80a", "word": "暦", "reading": "こよみ", "romaji": "koyomi", "meanings": [ "calendar", "almanac" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1557950, "examples": [ { "ja": "マヤ暦には、19の月があります。", "en": "The Mayan calendar has 19 months.", "tatoeba_id": 11870680 }, { "ja": "ユリウス暦で、今日は何月何日？", "en": "What day is it today on the Julian calendar?", "tatoeba_id": 11870739 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c81bc2e06d55c54c39444bc09fcebc95dc08993be1bfbb6dfb10d1e102847aee", "meanings": [ "历法", "日历" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "マヤ暦には、19の月があります。", "zh": "玛雅历有十九个月。" }, { "ja": "ユリウス暦で、今日は何月何日？", "zh": "按儒略历，今天是几月几日？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c0e7e3b80a", "JMdict ent_seq 1557950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "98f401a15104ef73e12539ab17e42ff2f2b6c6001b81ceb7c7369e754133471d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3a5cd1a9d3", "word": "御覧なさい", "reading": "ごらんなさい", "romaji": "gorannasai", "meanings": [ "(please) look", "(please) try to do" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "aux-v" ], "jmdict_id": 1270770, "examples": [ { "ja": "受付で聞いてご覧なさい。", "furigana": "{受付|うけつけ}で{聞|き}いてご{覧|らん}なさい。", "en": "Please ask at the information desk.", "tatoeba_id": 148364 }, { "ja": "さて皆さん、その絵をご覧なさい。", "furigana": "さて{皆|みな}さん、その{絵|え}をご{覧|らん}なさい。", "en": "Now, look at the picture, every one.", "tatoeba_id": 216760 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "87bfd869dcfd20bafc61c92c9ca3db310208122634e70e484bb20d3526d798b8", "meanings": [ "请看", "请试试" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "受付で聞いてご覧なさい。", "zh": "请在接待处问问看。" }, { "ja": "さて皆さん、その絵をご覧なさい。", "zh": "好了，各位，请看那幅画。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3a5cd1a9d3", "JMdict ent_seq 1270770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "64a30497c2ab4260620ef8092e8ff5405e875be0054e05b0389297c601274990", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "67ac742b83", "word": "孤立", "reading": "こりつ", "romaji": "koritsu", "meanings": [ "isolation", "helplessness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1266860, "examples": [ { "ja": "この地域はきわめて孤立している。", "furigana": "この{地域|ちいき}はきわめて{孤立|こりつ}している。", "en": "This area is extremely isolated.", "tatoeba_id": 220603 }, { "ja": "彼はいつも同僚から孤立している。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はいつも{同僚|どうりょう}から{孤立|こりつ}している。", "en": "He is always isolated from his fellow workers.", "tatoeba_id": 114476 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fd86f3b7c7f0966a801f46beb26a2beb5a18f6c4903fa5cc22cb179340df2b6b", "meanings": [ "孤立" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この地域はきわめて孤立している。", "zh": "这个地区非常孤立。" }, { "ja": "彼はいつも同僚から孤立している。", "zh": "他总是被同事孤立。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/67ac742b83", "JMdict ent_seq 1266860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "961bbe2a15a583d11345a49c736f17687c5aeb6b90c2d801ddf8a9639e683384", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a95ab44097", "word": "懲りる", "reading": "こりる", "romaji": "koriru", "meanings": [ "to learn by experience", "to be disgusted with" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1428190, "examples": [ { "ja": "これで彼女も懲りるだろう。", "furigana": "これで{彼女|かのじょ}も{懲|こ}りるだろう。", "en": "This will teach her a lesson.", "tatoeba_id": 8117434 }, { "ja": "羹に懲りて膾を吹く", "en": "A burnt child dreads the fire.", "tatoeba_id": 77083 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9a2ec526787ff13cd21599f24548be4902041fec768ef46850c5a8a2c89480c9", "meanings": [ "吸取教训", "吃够苦头" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これで彼女も懲りるだろう。", "zh": "这下她也会吸取教训吧。" }, { "ja": "羹に懲りて膾を吹く", "zh": "被热汤烫过，连冷菜也吹着吃。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a95ab44097", "JMdict ent_seq 1428190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "39eee402ba1692a77921f65e45af2afd1ebfefed478948208813a60177de1d2a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2c6219aa10", "word": "魂", "reading": "こん", "romaji": "kon", "meanings": [ "soul", "spirit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2177300, "examples": [ { "ja": "魂を込めて演奏する。", "en": "Perform with one’s soul." }, { "ja": "作品に作者の魂が宿る。", "en": "The creator’s spirit lives in the work." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f55e9ba0dd8173e8861ed7662983f689c5e6af88d6b9d73031b673b256da3c16", "meanings": [ "魂", "精神" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "魂を込めて演奏する。", "zh": "倾注灵魂演奏。" }, { "ja": "作品に作者の魂が宿る。", "zh": "作品中寄托着作者的灵魂。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2c6219aa10", "JMdict ent_seq 2177300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "46c556b1959fafa62f0214739bdf8b5e5c0df5d035a127ab1c975f428fcba899", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "62859af8b4", "word": "根気", "reading": "こんき", "romaji": "konki", "meanings": [ "patience", "perseverance", "energy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1290110, "examples": [ { "ja": "この種の仕事には大変な根気が必要とされる。", "en": "This sort of work calls for a lot of patience.", "tatoeba_id": 221286 }, { "ja": "もう少し根気があったら成功していただろう。", "furigana": "もう{少|すこ}し{根気|こんき}があったら{成功|せいこう}していただろう。", "en": "With a little more patience, you would have succeeded.", "tatoeba_id": 194098 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fe0a4138212e01f1643c7213c9a99f9d36e31b8d590daad36c021d1762ac2278", "meanings": [ "耐心", "毅力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この種の仕事には大変な根気が必要とされる。", "zh": "这种工作需要很大的耐心。" }, { "ja": "もう少し根気があったら成功していただろう。", "zh": "如果再有一点毅力，他就会成功了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/62859af8b4", "JMdict ent_seq 1290110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "31e61fd306f0f9d73c419f0979d62bc31d24895d198ca8d8b38deeaf523ae59e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "957d019486", "word": "根拠", "reading": "こんきょ", "romaji": "konkyo", "meanings": [ "basis", "foundation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1290120, "examples": [ { "ja": "その噂は全く根拠がなかった。", "furigana": "その{噂|うわさ}は{全|まった}く{根拠|こんきょ}がなかった。", "en": "The rumor was completely without foundation.", "tatoeba_id": 213347 }, { "ja": "それは全く根拠のないうわさです。", "furigana": "それは{全|まった}く{根拠|こんきょ}のないうわさです。", "en": "That's a completely unfounded rumor.", "tatoeba_id": 205026 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "14d129a8594b2edb1c9f423604a845de7c19b20b9ff047c23b623b5dd4a61277", "meanings": [ "根据", "依据" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その噂は全く根拠がなかった。", "zh": "那个传言完全没有根据。" }, { "ja": "それは全く根拠のないうわさです。", "zh": "那是完全没有根据的传言。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/957d019486", "JMdict ent_seq 1290120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3eebd606cd0a20a06a9ef15ab1e410d9e817c63a186a0b1a0ca0217897ff81da", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "44a0f24b42", "word": "混血", "reading": "こんけつ", "romaji": "konketsu", "meanings": [ "mixed race", "mixed parentage" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1290330, "examples": [ { "ja": "「そっかぁ、アルクさんはワーウルフなんですね」「俺は混血だから変身したりはしねーよ」", "furigana": "「そっかぁ、アルクさんはワーウルフなんですね」「{俺|おれ}は{混血|こんけつ}だから{変身|へんしん}したりはしねーよ」", "en": "\"Oh, right, you're a werewolf, aren't you?\" \"I'm mixed blood, so I don't transform or anything.\"", "tatoeba_id": 74392 }, { "ja": "彼は混血の家族に生まれた。", "en": "He was born into a family of mixed ancestry." }, { "ja": "混血の背景を持つ人々の経験を聞く。", "en": "Listen to the experiences of people of mixed ancestry." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "30daba50ce887defe5cb9606c3ed7ce940449b4521d0bf364087f95e147ea481", "meanings": [ "混血" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "「そっかぁ、アルクさんはワーウルフなんですね」「俺は混血だから変身したりはしねーよ」", "zh": "“原来阿尔克先生是狼人啊。”“我是混血，所以不会变身。”" }, { "ja": "彼は混血の家族に生まれた。", "zh": "他出生于混血家庭。" }, { "ja": "混血の背景を持つ人々の経験を聞く。", "zh": "听取具有混合血统背景的人们的经历。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/44a0f24b42", "JMdict ent_seq 1290330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "dfe2e702bd04b58e6dbb7c36869029db5792aab2129fc18d1672c6c6fbb83111", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "18beab6691", "word": "コンタクト", "reading": "コンタクト", "romaji": "kontakuto", "meanings": [ "contact", "contact lens" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1052410, "examples": [ { "ja": "サリーは前の日に買ったコンタクトをなくした。", "en": "Sally lost the contact lenses she had bought the day before.", "tatoeba_id": 216641 }, { "ja": "彼女はメガネをはずしてコンタクトをはめた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はメガネをはずしてコンタクトをはめた。", "en": "She took off her glasses and put her contacts in.", "tatoeba_id": 91411 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "82db1a5a9bd3a415d9d3470d0c29c3289b7841fc5c42429c2a9016e9c8ae6e5f", "meanings": [ "隐形眼镜", "接触" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "サリーは前の日に買ったコンタクトをなくした。", "zh": "莎莉丢了前一天买的隐形眼镜。" }, { "ja": "彼女はメガネをはずしてコンタクトをはめた。", "zh": "她摘下眼镜，戴上隐形眼镜。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/18beab6691", "JMdict ent_seq 1052410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "338531658e71abaed8cc2112f7f175bde7736d84a485dcf35d81ada62b8d8e93", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c480536422", "word": "昆虫", "reading": "こんちゅう", "romaji": "konchuu", "meanings": [ "insect", "bug" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1289980, "examples": [ { "ja": "趣味は昆虫を集めることです。", "furigana": "{趣味|しゅみ}は{昆虫|こんちゅう}を{集|あつ}めることです。", "en": "My hobby is collecting insects.", "tatoeba_id": 163369 }, { "ja": "英語でこの昆虫を何といいますか。", "furigana": "{英語|えいご}でこの{昆虫|こんちゅう}を{何|なん}といいますか。", "en": "What do you call this insect in English?", "tatoeba_id": 189231 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a696d9bf453bf73644e1b0c181270f7d90961cea2e2f1bae6814628ccca00947", "meanings": [ "昆虫" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "趣味は昆虫を集めることです。", "zh": "爱好是收集昆虫。" }, { "ja": "英語でこの昆虫を何といいますか。", "zh": "这种昆虫用英语怎么说？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c480536422", "JMdict ent_seq 1289980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b03bf0da1c09abd7dd3e8fe1016d174c9ed9bebed2f98ecb5c2d1399b7ed2795", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2cb6f0e01a", "word": "根底", "reading": "こんてい", "romaji": "kontei", "meanings": [ "root", "basis", "foundation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1290260, "examples": [ { "ja": "この議論の根底には、問題としている規則が言語に存在するという仮説がある。", "furigana": "この{議論|ぎろん}の{根底|こんてい}には、{問題|もんだい}としている{規則|きそく}が{言語|げんご}に{存在|そんざい}するという{仮説|かせつ}がある。", "en": "Basic to the argument is the assumption that the rules in question are present in the language.", "tatoeba_id": 222394 }, { "ja": "信頼が協力の根底にある。", "en": "Trust underlies cooperation." }, { "ja": "問題の根底を探る。", "en": "Explore the root of the problem." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e3420b97bbf2122b2ace1ae6238b6c89122cdb78251c8b2d22c7470ac17d6c3a", "meanings": [ "根底", "基础" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この議論の根底には、問題としている規則が言語に存在するという仮説がある。", "zh": "这场争论的基础是一个假设：所讨论的规则存在于语言中。" }, { "ja": "信頼が協力の根底にある。", "zh": "信任是合作的基础。" }, { "ja": "問題の根底を探る。", "zh": "探究问题的根源。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2cb6f0e01a", "JMdict ent_seq 1290260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3621ba4addad89cfe546f37053179374fff06b095c09f1cc1f8cb03a1fc9ee43", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "976ec4b001", "word": "コンテスト", "reading": "コンテスト", "romaji": "kontesuto", "meanings": [ "contest" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1052590, "examples": [ { "ja": "スピーチコンテストは１１月９日に行われた。", "en": "The speech contest took place on the ninth of November.", "tatoeba_id": 214544 }, { "ja": "彼女は美人コンテストに参加した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{美人|びじん}コンテストに{参加|さんか}した。", "en": "She participated in the beauty contest.", "tatoeba_id": 87076 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ad394d47153ee87aa176a2100ed2ce221f326cef53953c11520e689437c6df27", "meanings": [ "比赛" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "スピーチコンテストは１１月９日に行われた。", "zh": "演讲比赛于十一月九日举行。" }, { "ja": "彼女は美人コンテストに参加した。", "zh": "她参加了选美比赛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/976ec4b001", "JMdict ent_seq 1052590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "eed89a54a300bf37d51c0f56ddf2344c05c474e8f5a212184092b4d3a70b3c5f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f854a31f4a", "word": "混同", "reading": "こんどう", "romaji": "kondou", "meanings": [ "confusion", "mixing", "merger" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1290480, "examples": [ { "ja": "欲望を愛と混同するな。", "furigana": "{欲望|よくぼう}を{愛|あい}と{混同|こんどう}するな。", "en": "Don't confuse desire with love.", "tatoeba_id": 78761 }, { "ja": "ｄａｒｅとｄｅａｒとを混同するな。", "furigana": "ｄａｒｅとｄｅａｒとを{混同|こんどう}するな。", "en": "Don't confuse \"dare\" and \"dear\".", "tatoeba_id": 234858 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5207d28e43be02dd32cd2ef1e75a6f82300fb3077ccf22dfb92d8a634a3bf9e9", "meanings": [ "混淆" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "欲望を愛と混同するな。", "zh": "不要把欲望和爱混淆。" }, { "ja": "ｄａｒｅとｄｅａｒとを混同するな。", "zh": "不要把dare和dear混淆。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f854a31f4a", "JMdict ent_seq 1290480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "eec001bb2f52ca54cf20964e8f3ad18ba6e28381ee3b353ef54fc4a024f26e04", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a8e0cc0d2a", "word": "コントラスト", "reading": "コントラスト", "romaji": "kontorasuto", "meanings": [ "contrast" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1052780, "examples": [ { "ja": "その洋服は赤と白のコントラストが美しい。", "furigana": "その{洋服|ようふく}は{赤|あか}と{白|しろ}のコントラストが{美|うつく}しい。", "en": "The dress has a beautiful contrast between red and white.", "tatoeba_id": 206267 }, { "ja": "明暗のコントラストが強い。", "en": "The contrast between light and dark is strong." }, { "ja": "二つの色のコントラストを楽しむ。", "en": "Enjoy the contrast between the two colors." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "efdc9f25430fe44237143f022ba0087d857cdfe86a9aa8ed95e1e086bd38d45c", "meanings": [ "对比" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その洋服は赤と白のコントラストが美しい。", "zh": "那件衣服红白对比很美。" }, { "ja": "明暗のコントラストが強い。", "zh": "明暗对比强烈。" }, { "ja": "二つの色のコントラストを楽しむ。", "zh": "欣赏两种颜色的对比。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a8e0cc0d2a", "JMdict ent_seq 1052780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0c16fa518d2977ee1199c49f40fd22126c5c214529bc78eef1291e3f1e56ff36", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ed839ead49", "word": "コントロール", "reading": "コントロール", "romaji": "kontorooru", "meanings": [ "control" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1052830, "examples": [ { "ja": "関税を国ごとではなくブロックでコントロールする方が好都合であることを強調したい。", "furigana": "{関税|かんぜい}を{国|くに}ごとではなくブロックでコントロールする{方|ほう}が{好都合|こうつごう}であることを{強調|きょうちょう}したい。", "en": "I would like to stress that it is more convenient to control tariffs as a bloc rather than country by country.", "tatoeba_id": 183695 }, { "ja": "その車はスリップしてもある程度はコントロールできます。", "furigana": "その{車|くるま}はスリップしてもある{程度|ていど}はコントロールできます。", "en": "To some extent, you can control the car in a skid.", "tatoeba_id": 209582 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "05c84e102fc88d404530b1f84a946c6270c1aa9af2abfbc8325f1bf6cb00cd50", "meanings": [ "控制" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "関税を国ごとではなくブロックでコントロールする方が好都合であることを強調したい。", "zh": "我想强调，按集团而非按国家控制关税更方便。" }, { "ja": "その車はスリップしてもある程度はコントロールできます。", "zh": "即使汽车打滑，也能在一定程度上控制。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ed839ead49", "JMdict ent_seq 1052830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "91bebf7059fc8403178f59e3fc59659040a1ece805d9ed2c73494da439e6e56b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bcd1069fd5", "word": "コンパス", "reading": "コンパス", "romaji": "konpasu", "meanings": [ "compass" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1053130, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はコンパスで円を描いた。", "en": "I drew a circle with compasses.", "tatoeba_id": 160679 }, { "ja": "ハイカーは森の中でも方向が分かるように、コンパスを携帯する必要がある。", "furigana": "ハイカーは{森|もり}の{中|なか}でも{方向|ほうこう}が{分|わ}かるように、コンパスを{携帯|けいたい}する{必要|ひつよう}がある。", "en": "Hikers need to carry a compass with them to find their way through the woods.", "tatoeba_id": 198354 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f380ac3303dbff5a665000daf4689cb9e7a1d974fc25a62a0afa2bef7a9bc245", "meanings": [ "圆规", "指南针" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はコンパスで円を描いた。", "zh": "我用圆规画了一个圆。" }, { "ja": "ハイカーは森の中でも方向が分かるように、コンパスを携帯する必要がある。", "zh": "徒步者需要携带指南针，以便在森林里辨别方向。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bcd1069fd5", "JMdict ent_seq 1053130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c11fb626b89dec6910f4f22f0db33a28b93e9e19b6b47bc698658d9bd1be9d18", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3356c0b63c", "word": "根本", "reading": "こんぽん", "romaji": "konpon", "meanings": [ "origin", "source", "foundation", "root", "base", "principle" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2848289, "examples": [ { "ja": "想像力は、すべての文明の根本である。", "furigana": "{想像力|そうぞうりょく}は、すべての{文明|ぶんめい}の{根本|こんぽん}である。", "en": "Imagination is the root of all civilization.", "tatoeba_id": 140593 }, { "ja": "多数決原理が民主主義の根本原則だ。", "furigana": "{多数決|たすうけつ}{原理|げんり}が{民主主義|みんしゅしゅぎ}の{根本|こんぽん}{原則|げんそく}だ。", "en": "Majority rule is a basic principle of democracy.", "tatoeba_id": 138266 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "801df92891b0c688c09326f073796e7dbed2ecd2a58c1e679071cf249208ec80", "meanings": [ "根本", "基础" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "想像力は、すべての文明の根本である。", "zh": "想象力是一切文明的根本。" }, { "ja": "多数決原理が民主主義の根本原則だ。", "zh": "多数表决原则是民主的根本原则。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3356c0b63c", "JMdict ent_seq 2848289; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "67528cdd54915fcf67f02c74e9f7b34c180fe28b8117a26082bbc83d9937e0f0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c78ec3cd4b", "word": "差異", "reading": "さい", "romaji": "sai", "meanings": [ "difference", "disparity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1291340, "examples": [ { "ja": "それらの間には、ごくわずかな差異があった。", "furigana": "それらの{間|あいだ}には、ごくわずかな{差異|さい}があった。", "en": "There was a minute difference between them.", "tatoeba_id": 204763 }, { "ja": "彼等は細かい差異に気がつかなかった。", "en": "They did not notice minute differences.", "tatoeba_id": 86014 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b4405f7618de80148da7fb6718feb4462828ff4c3dcefae823bf6549d6a48b8f", "meanings": [ "差异" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それらの間には、ごくわずかな差異があった。", "zh": "它们之间有极细微的差异。" }, { "ja": "彼等は細かい差異に気がつかなかった。", "zh": "他们没有注意到细微的差异。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c78ec3cd4b", "JMdict ent_seq 1291340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e43aedacf6b1b9aa7ff4977cf193ed5b5b38e688961e0ff97ae72e8b65c37810", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "dbe3b4e73e", "word": "再", "reading": "さい", "romaji": "sai", "meanings": [ "re-", "again", "repeated" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1292290, "examples": [ { "ja": "ビザの再発給をお願いしたいのですが。", "en": "Could you please issue me a visa again?", "tatoeba_id": 197610 }, { "ja": "彼と私はごみ問題の再利用の点から話し合った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}と{私|わたし}はごみ{問題|もんだい}の{再|さい}{利用|りよう}の{点|てん}から{話|はな}し{合|あ}った。", "en": "He and I discussed the waste problem in terms of recycling.", "tatoeba_id": 119192 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9a1707cbfba73c6133b35d627ac1551710ab6a8be79185f48c4ffbd05b1a19b4", "meanings": [ "再", "重新" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ビザの再発給をお願いしたいのですが。", "zh": "我想申请补发签证。" }, { "ja": "彼と私はごみ問題の再利用の点から話し合った。", "zh": "他和我从垃圾再利用的角度进行了讨论。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dbe3b4e73e", "JMdict ent_seq 1292290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d714f2cff927348f84b2783c1b8ef68dec202912e43f85748417a82536e8a904", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fe783aee7a", "word": "歳", "reading": "さい", "romaji": "sai", "meanings": [ "... years old", "age (of) ..." ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1294940, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はもう本当のことを知ってもいい歳だ。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はもう{本当|ほんとう}のことを{知|し}ってもいい{歳|さい}だ。", "en": "She's old enough to know the truth.", "tatoeba_id": 91370 }, { "ja": "妹は３歳年下で弟は４歳年下です。", "en": "My sister is three years younger than I and my brother is four years younger.", "tatoeba_id": 81396 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0bad01654f5b80998d42ad63f83366e549a4ab1fd3245f3ddc47983566401f94", "meanings": [ "岁", "年龄" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はもう本当のことを知ってもいい歳だ。", "zh": "她已经到了可以知道真相的年龄。" }, { "ja": "妹は３歳年下で弟は４歳年下です。", "zh": "妹妹小三岁，弟弟小四岁。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fe783aee7a", "JMdict ent_seq 1294940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "aa8d6f037f10952475fb8b2df30253fd08da674e4eb4a8d4527d8ffb5b272ff7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a22764c8da", "word": "財", "reading": "ざい", "romaji": "zai", "meanings": [ "fortune", "riches" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1296770, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は努力によって財を成した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{努力|どりょく}によって{財|ざい}を{成|な}した。", "en": "He has made a fortune through hard work.", "tatoeba_id": 101850 }, { "ja": "国民総生産は一定の期間における一国の財及びサービスを貨幣価値で計った総生産高である。", "en": "Gross national product is a nation's total output of goods and services during a given period of time as measured in monetary value.", "tatoeba_id": 173013 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "912a5257abedcb2b055c088a6a99f832463ac79c0a9d6bff7cf9d466d6f7f06f", "meanings": [ "财富", "财产" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は努力によって財を成した。", "zh": "他通过努力积累了财富。" }, { "ja": "国民総生産は一定の期間における一国の財及びサービスを貨幣価値で計った総生産高である。", "zh": "国民生产总值是一个国家在一定时期内的商品和服务以货币价值衡量的总产出。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a22764c8da", "JMdict ent_seq 1296770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9dba696fd7ac86ff90d2c6738a2d0eb05e1fc6c6e68ecb86fedf5c7f919f538a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d41ecf3cab", "word": "再会", "reading": "さいかい", "romaji": "saikai", "meanings": [ "another meeting", "meeting again", "reunion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1292390, "examples": [ { "ja": "ああ、彼らはいつ再会するだろうか。", "furigana": "ああ、{彼|かれ}らはいつ{再会|さいかい}するだろうか。", "en": "Ah, when will they meet again?", "tatoeba_id": 234739 }, { "ja": "私は君との再会を待ち望んでいる。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{君|きみ}との{再会|さいかい}を{待|ま}ち{望|のぞ}んでいる。", "en": "I am looking forward to seeing you again.", "tatoeba_id": 157480 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a8d4b5da073d182f59e9e8e43caa730a1b1852b47cd6d455ce96fb39c574eb03", "meanings": [ "重逢" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ああ、彼らはいつ再会するだろうか。", "zh": "啊，他们什么时候会再见呢？" }, { "ja": "私は君との再会を待ち望んでいる。", "zh": "我期待与你重逢。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d41ecf3cab", "JMdict ent_seq 1292390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7bc928b7dafac058a0c77fae2c0856593786c0dd6813f8cebd9d40471c8c8e72", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7ec70ac5e6", "word": "災害", "reading": "さいがい", "romaji": "saigai", "meanings": [ "calamity", "disaster", "misfortune" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1295100, "examples": [ { "ja": "嵐は、多くの災害を引き起こした。", "furigana": "{嵐|あらし}は、{多|おお}くの{災害|さいがい}を{引|ひ}き{起|お}こした。", "en": "The storm caused a lot of damage.", "tatoeba_id": 78419 }, { "ja": "災害が相次いでその地域を襲った。", "furigana": "{災害|さいがい}が{相次|あいつ}いでその{地域|ちいき}を{襲|おそ}った。", "en": "A string of disasters struck the region.", "tatoeba_id": 170294 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "79f23d7cc2bad51585db61eb76d0c3e0d81b21f096c3a134b977581f18682e0b", "meanings": [ "灾害" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "嵐は、多くの災害を引き起こした。", "zh": "暴风雨引发了许多灾害。" }, { "ja": "災害が相次いでその地域を襲った。", "zh": "灾害接连袭击了那个地区。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7ec70ac5e6", "JMdict ent_seq 1295100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b201b839c93d3413e8a8ecffe4c27767435009f3e7c2c8c565d3eaa43c900ba6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a5a31448e1", "word": "細菌", "reading": "さいきん", "romaji": "saikin", "meanings": [ "bacillus", "bacterium", "germ" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1295590, "examples": [ { "ja": "この化学薬品は細菌の繁殖を防ぐだろう。", "furigana": "この{化学薬品|かがくやくひん}は{細菌|さいきん}の{繁殖|はんしょく}を{防|ふせ}ぐだろう。", "en": "This chemical will prevent germs from breeding.", "tatoeba_id": 222878 }, { "ja": "細菌が病気を引き起こすことがある。", "furigana": "{細菌|さいきん}が{病気|びょうき}を{引|ひ}き{起|お}こすことがある。", "en": "Germs can cause sickness.", "tatoeba_id": 170281 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e09c5cfbd82686314b4bf32105fb5581559b3b2bf704661abdbcf869619052d5", "meanings": [ "细菌" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この化学薬品は細菌の繁殖を防ぐだろう。", "zh": "这种化学药品可以防止细菌繁殖。" }, { "ja": "細菌が病気を引き起こすことがある。", "zh": "细菌有时会引起疾病。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a5a31448e1", "JMdict ent_seq 1295590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1cd92074fdd0a57de6aca8f6796c10f1d4e9f4502d92ce57057d7f0098f2e4a3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e5e4f44fbe", "word": "細工", "reading": "さいく", "romaji": "saiku", "meanings": [ "work", "craftsmanship", "tactics", "trick" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1295610, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らの最高の技術は木工細工に見られた。", "en": "Their highest skill was woodworking.", "tatoeba_id": 98493 }, { "ja": "木に細工を施す。", "en": "Craft details in the wood." }, { "ja": "細かい細工の箱を見た。", "en": "I saw a box with intricate workmanship." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3e43f5e3d3f9d8c12caf60d7088b4bf40348376d0f62ab1f63b346d0ae0ef6a7", "meanings": [ "工艺", "手工制作" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らの最高の技術は木工細工に見られた。", "zh": "他们最高超的技艺体现在木工制品中。" }, { "ja": "木に細工を施す。", "zh": "在木头上做精细加工。" }, { "ja": "細かい細工の箱を見た。", "zh": "我看到一个做工精细的盒子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e5e4f44fbe", "JMdict ent_seq 1295610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1efa244ae2e31fc6139bb89bed07ad7e73bb31e688015a564b435f9b90a0d8b3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fb51ca7096", "word": "採掘", "reading": "さいくつ", "romaji": "saikutsu", "meanings": [ "mining" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1294750, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは石油の採掘を行うつもりだった。", "en": "They intended to drill for oil.", "tatoeba_id": 10217016 }, { "ja": "鉄のツルハシかそれ以上のものがないと、ダイヤモンドの採掘はできません。", "en": "You can't mine diamonds without an iron pickaxe or better.", "tatoeba_id": 10061606 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7f4c884ae39b6eb5acb3f516f1b3e135ad7ee328444ccc09932f307a2e7615c1", "meanings": [ "开采", "挖掘" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは石油の採掘を行うつもりだった。", "zh": "他们打算开采石油。" }, { "ja": "鉄のツルハシかそれ以上のものがないと、ダイヤモンドの採掘はできません。", "zh": "没有铁镐或更好的工具就无法开采钻石。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fb51ca7096", "JMdict ent_seq 1294750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d956de4220d8486d4452dfc4071751450fc6766a4f814a6f4d77edf3b249f3bf", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d67fdd7582", "word": "サイクル", "reading": "サイクル", "romaji": "saikuru", "meanings": [ "cycle" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1055520, "examples": [ { "ja": "図表２を見ると、これらの貿易サイクルのいくつかは非常に短期のものであることが判明する。", "furigana": "{図表|ずひょう}２を{見|み}ると、これらの{貿易|ぼうえき}サイクルのいくつかは{非常|ひじょう}に{短期|たんき}のものであることが{判明|はんめい}する。", "en": "A glance at Chart 2 will reveal that some of these trade cycles are very short-lived.", "tatoeba_id": 143857 }, { "ja": "自然のサイクルを学ぶ。", "en": "Study natural cycles." }, { "ja": "景気のサイクルを分析する。", "en": "Analyze the economic cycle." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3a5438a06d5b73d923fb4b408d48337e41588d560733c490e2f718da8de2531c", "meanings": [ "周期", "循环" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "図表２を見ると、これらの貿易サイクルのいくつかは非常に短期のものであることが判明する。", "zh": "看图表二，可以发现其中几个贸易周期非常短。" }, { "ja": "自然のサイクルを学ぶ。", "zh": "学习自然循环。" }, { "ja": "景気のサイクルを分析する。", "zh": "分析经济周期。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d67fdd7582", "JMdict ent_seq 1055520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f9d926c6e0f40c9e28852fd3bccd440a8a52ce8ca304103d71ab149e95866165", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9f4d23f1c8", "word": "採決", "reading": "さいけつ", "romaji": "saiketsu", "meanings": [ "vote", "roll call" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1294760, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らはその動議について採決をした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはその{動議|どうぎ}について{採決|さいけつ}をした。", "en": "They took a vote on the motion.", "tatoeba_id": 207449 }, { "ja": "議案を採決にかけた。", "en": "The proposal was put to a vote." }, { "ja": "採決の結果を発表した。", "en": "The result of the vote was announced." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d621639fa5685da5bd4fea73c4860ff72a978771550742e171416faa52940b5b", "meanings": [ "表决" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らはその動議について採決をした。", "zh": "他们对那项动议进行了表决。" }, { "ja": "議案を採決にかけた。", "zh": "议案被提交表决。" }, { "ja": "採決の結果を発表した。", "zh": "表决结果公布了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9f4d23f1c8", "JMdict ent_seq 1294760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "779bb57edbea769729a601e777325232c9b47151143b8bf2e9f9c0e193c72be3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "25a859b79f", "word": "再建", "reading": "さいけん", "romaji": "saiken", "meanings": [ "rebuilding", "reconstruction", "rehabilitation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1292590, "examples": [ { "ja": "その城は、１４８５年に全焼して、再建されなかった。", "furigana": "その{城|しろ}は、１４８５{年|ねん}に{全焼|ぜんしょう}して、{再建|さいけん}されなかった。", "en": "The castle, burnt down in 1485, was not rebuilt.", "tatoeba_id": 208967 }, { "ja": "被災地の住宅を再建する。", "en": "Rebuild homes in the disaster area." }, { "ja": "会社の再建に取り組む。", "en": "Work on rebuilding the company." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a1ad7e1c68ac9f13f0823ee217448041a325abb1a182ccbed866f60172f041eb", "meanings": [ "重建" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その城は、１４８５年に全焼して、再建されなかった。", "zh": "那座城堡在1485年被大火烧毁，之后没有重建。" }, { "ja": "被災地の住宅を再建する。", "zh": "重建灾区住宅。" }, { "ja": "会社の再建に取り組む。", "zh": "致力于重建公司。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/25a859b79f", "JMdict ent_seq 1292590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "90c778df060bd82b0eec6adbba9d8ade4e5c2406aea0b23f8830fa3c9ec206c3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "17a6158213", "word": "再現", "reading": "さいげん", "romaji": "saigen", "meanings": [ "reappearance", "reproduction", "return", "revival" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1292640, "examples": [ { "ja": "僕は実験方法を学んでいたのではなかったし、実験を再現する方法を学んでいるのでさえなかった。", "en": "I was not being taught to experiment or even to repeat experiments.", "tatoeba_id": 81868 }, { "ja": "当時の町並みを再現した。", "en": "The streetscape of the time was recreated." }, { "ja": "実験結果を再現できた。", "en": "We were able to reproduce the experiment’s results." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "081199ad49c5687ddc30e7f4106ff15b8c0c13698de4f0f876899c573d393de2", "meanings": [ "再现", "重现" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "僕は実験方法を学んでいたのではなかったし、実験を再現する方法を学んでいるのでさえなかった。", "zh": "我当时不是在学习实验方法，甚至也不是在学习如何重现实验。" }, { "ja": "当時の町並みを再現した。", "zh": "当时的街景被重现了。" }, { "ja": "実験結果を再現できた。", "zh": "我们成功复现了实验结果。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/17a6158213", "JMdict ent_seq 1292640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1c78565b9e1db251efd005c557709d84a0eaa151be372d6972d53b1de686c176", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0ef81c896f", "word": "財源", "reading": "ざいげん", "romaji": "zaigen", "meanings": [ "source of funds", "resources", "finances" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1296810, "examples": [ { "ja": "事業の財源を確保する。", "en": "Secure funding for the project." }, { "ja": "新たな財源を探す。", "en": "Look for new sources of funding." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8330de9b6d83060a826b30806ce94274f8be570f30ebf4eab35afc4c576e0fad", "meanings": [ "财源", "资金来源" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "事業の財源を確保する。", "zh": "确保事业的资金来源。" }, { "ja": "新たな財源を探す。", "zh": "寻找新的财源。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0ef81c896f", "JMdict ent_seq 1296810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8007e32f08ae09fd8391cd30d85a04b3e333786b882e28a99551356c9548452c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ee78c61579", "word": "在庫", "reading": "ざいこ", "romaji": "zaiko", "meanings": [ "stockpile", "stock" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1296470, "examples": [ { "ja": "申し訳ありませんが、在庫がありません。", "furigana": "{申|もう}し{訳|わけ}ありませんが、{在庫|ざいこ}がありません。", "en": "I'm afraid we are out of stock.", "tatoeba_id": 629009 }, { "ja": "石油の在庫がきれかかっている。", "furigana": "{石油|せきゆ}の{在庫|ざいこ}がきれかかっている。", "en": "Our stock of oil is running out.", "tatoeba_id": 142325 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a614e5053e0571bfa27da88fbe9ffa0798a50354f8a6486e1407639ea8b29d9c", "meanings": [ "库存" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "申し訳ありませんが、在庫がありません。", "zh": "很抱歉，没有库存。" }, { "ja": "石油の在庫がきれかかっている。", "zh": "石油库存快耗尽了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ee78c61579", "JMdict ent_seq 1296470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ec25de7d1cc36743f1abe696764a3056518857122b0c77d739c17e8d9b9afc8d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "992688e92e", "word": "採算", "reading": "さいさん", "romaji": "saisan", "meanings": [ "profit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1294780, "examples": [ { "ja": "その事業もやがては採算が取れるようになるだろう。", "furigana": "その{事業|じぎょう}もやがては{採算|さいさん}が{取|と}れるようになるだろう。", "en": "The business will pay in due course.", "tatoeba_id": 209986 }, { "ja": "この企画は採算が取れないかもしれない。", "furigana": "この{企画|きかく}は{採算|さいさん}が{取|と}れないかもしれない。", "en": "This project may not pay off.", "tatoeba_id": 222546 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "44451603f76d23f923b3367a4a8585f656d524718eba1a63b73ac09c17b9d881", "meanings": [ "盈利", "收支平衡" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その事業もやがては採算が取れるようになるだろう。", "zh": "那项事业最终也会实现盈利吧。" }, { "ja": "この企画は採算が取れないかもしれない。", "zh": "这个企划可能无法盈利。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/992688e92e", "JMdict ent_seq 1294780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "205a1e22cf0e471b24ad0e1a857e63606e462fb65eaccfb971d9f1e22e37f8bb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ee81c93b87", "word": "採集", "reading": "さいしゅう", "romaji": "saishuu", "meanings": [ "collecting", "gathering" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1294810, "examples": [ { "ja": "砂から金を分離採集する方法をお見せしましょう。", "en": "I'll show you how to separate gold from sand.", "tatoeba_id": 170898 }, { "ja": "森で昆虫を採集する。", "en": "Collect insects in the forest." }, { "ja": "調査のために標本を採集した。", "en": "I collected specimens for the survey." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a6dbf41ee3f4408a5b71f2c531a087a65994fbfd0ae07d12218d99bb0f55be35", "meanings": [ "采集" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "砂から金を分離採集する方法をお見せしましょう。", "zh": "我来给你看如何从沙子中分离采集黄金。" }, { "ja": "森で昆虫を採集する。", "zh": "在森林里采集昆虫。" }, { "ja": "調査のために標本を採集した。", "zh": "我为调查采集了标本。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ee81c93b87", "JMdict ent_seq 1294810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "046b90d3799aa4e2f02ca3848e7dda4411af72f7a50a6852701085b9ad6dd3a5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d0b0e94e2a", "word": "サイズ", "reading": "サイズ", "romaji": "saizu", "meanings": [ "size" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1055780, "examples": [ { "ja": "このサイズは私には大きすぎます。", "en": "This size is too large for me.", "tatoeba_id": 223720 }, { "ja": "彼のえりのサイズはいくつですか。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}のえりのサイズはいくつですか。", "en": "What size of collar does he take?", "tatoeba_id": 118398 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "892ed6af74ed64fef95f8434410f5811ce554dfb885ef25eb91d9cae8aa20f86", "meanings": [ "尺寸" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このサイズは私には大きすぎます。", "zh": "这个尺寸对我来说太大了。" }, { "ja": "彼のえりのサイズはいくつですか。", "zh": "他的衣领尺寸是多少？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d0b0e94e2a", "JMdict ent_seq 1055780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "623dfbbecb80a21e35e25c73a558e2916035991f9b0d4355b288af8266b99e7f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6d41c419f1", "word": "再生", "reading": "さいせい", "romaji": "saisei", "meanings": [ "playback", "regeneration", "resuscitation", "return to life", "rebirth", "reincarnation", "narrow escape", "reclamation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1292960, "examples": [ { "ja": "録音が終わったらそれを再生して聞かせてください。", "furigana": "{録音|ろくおん}が{終|お}わったらそれを{再生|さいせい}して{聞|き}かせてください。", "en": "Please play it back for me after you've finished the recording.", "tatoeba_id": 77231 }, { "ja": "音楽を頭の中で再生してみなさい。", "furigana": "{音楽|おんがく}を{頭|あたま}の{中|なか}で{再生|さいせい}してみなさい。", "en": "Try to reproduce the music in your mind.", "tatoeba_id": 188259 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bee6f82c0f8b706171ad7833d3b956c95e864d16b2d4656c720de640b8f5bca5", "meanings": [ "播放", "再生" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "録音が終わったらそれを再生して聞かせてください。", "zh": "录完后请播放给我听。" }, { "ja": "音楽を頭の中で再生してみなさい。", "zh": "试着在脑海中播放音乐。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6d41c419f1", "JMdict ent_seq 1292960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e8a9bd60487e0ae5b5a6381516655de33272c2b58ac449267dbb00224b12daf3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "dcfa49f3a3", "word": "財政", "reading": "ざいせい", "romaji": "zaisei", "meanings": [ "economy", "financial affairs" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1296830, "examples": [ { "ja": "現在のその市の財政は芳しくない。", "furigana": "{現在|げんざい}のその{市|し}の{財政|ざいせい}は{芳|かんば}しくない。", "en": "The present state of the city's finances is not good.", "tatoeba_id": 174913 }, { "ja": "彼は財政の専門家であると自称した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{財政|ざいせい}の{専門家|せんもんか}であると{自称|じしょう}した。", "en": "He claimed to be an expert in finance.", "tatoeba_id": 106838 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6b58725d714c0bd834c862c743d9b13be83fa57868ad65b1ecaca6099fbb9702", "meanings": [ "财政", "财务" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "現在のその市の財政は芳しくない。", "zh": "那个城市目前的财政状况不佳。" }, { "ja": "彼は財政の専門家であると自称した。", "zh": "他自称是财政专家。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dcfa49f3a3", "JMdict ent_seq 1296830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6aab53b8737eb90054667fb1a24fb97eb363620fcb83a8a31993f399b1f8d0b1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "92f3050d57", "word": "最善", "reading": "さいぜん", "romaji": "saizen", "meanings": [ "the very best" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1294160, "examples": [ { "ja": "それが私たちが今できる最善の方法だ。", "furigana": "それが{私|わたし}たちが{今|いま}できる{最善|さいぜん}の{方法|ほうほう}だ。", "en": "That's the best way we can do now.", "tatoeba_id": 205874 }, { "ja": "最善と思われる処置を取りなさい。", "furigana": "{最善|さいぜん}と{思|おも}われる{処置|しょち}を{取|と}りなさい。", "en": "Take such steps as you think best.", "tatoeba_id": 170407 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "30210353459e7f8e63ac3bb7853397e57c0f78f2bafb4769d1496755b48bad8a", "meanings": [ "最好", "最佳" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それが私たちが今できる最善の方法だ。", "zh": "那是我们现在能做的最佳方法。" }, { "ja": "最善と思われる処置を取りなさい。", "zh": "请采取你认为最好的措施。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/92f3050d57", "JMdict ent_seq 1294160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0a6436f9824944037424409e347e8fa74048aed65dce4f67fc66cda65ba1ec81", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "55e72078ed", "word": "採択", "reading": "さいたく", "romaji": "saitaku", "meanings": [ "adoption", "selection", "choice" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1294830, "examples": [ { "ja": "その委員会はその提案を採択した。", "furigana": "その{委員会|いいんかい}はその{提案|ていあん}を{採択|さいたく}した。", "en": "The committee adopted the plan.", "tatoeba_id": 212376 }, { "ja": "国連総会は停戦決議案を採択した。", "en": "The United Nations General Assembly adopted the cease-fire resolution.", "tatoeba_id": 173001 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c37e6ab42096a23af7f4a7a2ad46a2cef8823f41da556ed94625a0fe1d8a0f65", "meanings": [ "通过", "采纳" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その委員会はその提案を採択した。", "zh": "委员会采纳了那个提案。" }, { "ja": "国連総会は停戦決議案を採択した。", "zh": "联合国大会通过了停火决议草案。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/55e72078ed", "JMdict ent_seq 1294830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "816234c95c97a6a8e338e9a8b615881851969adb47b5509a129d3e3f39d2a712", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "702d98a819", "word": "栽培", "reading": "さいばい", "romaji": "saibai", "meanings": [ "cultivation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1294910, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は庭でトマトを栽培している。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{庭|にわ}でトマトを{栽培|さいばい}している。", "en": "She grows tomatoes in her garden.", "tatoeba_id": 87816 }, { "ja": "茶はインドで広く栽培されている。", "furigana": "{茶|ちゃ}はインドで{広|ひろ}く{栽培|さいばい}されている。", "en": "Tea is widely grown in India.", "tatoeba_id": 126623 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a098bf3c5222d205987d1fd407bc6c521b4dfb39c1a7cead3328846b0430a3fa", "meanings": [ "栽培" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は庭でトマトを栽培している。", "zh": "她在花园里种西红柿。" }, { "ja": "茶はインドで広く栽培されている。", "zh": "印度广泛栽培茶。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/702d98a819", "JMdict ent_seq 1294910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0b3acfc503c820b46f4a9ab1b1316a9765aeec606cd3e85a14c7f397f45f0b71", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b00accb0cc", "word": "再発", "reading": "さいはつ", "romaji": "saihatsu", "meanings": [ "return", "relapse", "reoccurrence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1293410, "examples": [ { "ja": "そういう事故は再発するおそれがある。", "furigana": "そういう{事故|じこ}は{再発|さいはつ}するおそれがある。", "en": "Such an accident is likely to happen again.", "tatoeba_id": 213926 }, { "ja": "１９５５年にガンが再発し、彼女は１９５６年に４２歳で亡くなった。", "en": "In 1955, the cancer returned and she died in 1956 at the age of 42.", "tatoeba_id": 235903 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a72d13e50adfd3039c589d55d88220c4bd714fc0bf977aad1e025311649428bf", "meanings": [ "再次发生", "复发" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そういう事故は再発するおそれがある。", "zh": "那样的事故可能再次发生。" }, { "ja": "１９５５年にガンが再発し、彼女は１９５６年に４２歳で亡くなった。", "zh": "癌症于1955年复发，她于1956年去世，享年四十二岁。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b00accb0cc", "JMdict ent_seq 1293410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "64775c0a651c15413854f8e2fe53424a7bf7fc6b221adb32b4d9fbdff59dac8e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "25fc642064", "word": "細胞", "reading": "さいぼう", "romaji": "saibou", "meanings": [ "cell (biology)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1295740, "examples": [ { "ja": "動物の体は細胞でできている。", "furigana": "{動物|どうぶつ}の{体|からだ}は{細胞|さいぼう}でできている。", "en": "Animal bodies are made up of cells.", "tatoeba_id": 123763 }, { "ja": "ガン細胞とはどのようなものですか。", "en": "What is a cancer cell like?", "tatoeba_id": 226074 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "75e97f1ceffbdd3368f111242cb0d376e2cd605ac4d201b7630b560252328173", "meanings": [ "细胞" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "動物の体は細胞でできている。", "zh": "动物的身体由细胞构成。" }, { "ja": "ガン細胞とはどのようなものですか。", "zh": "癌细胞是什么样的？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/25fc642064", "JMdict ent_seq 1295740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "11d84bec0697bfa989ff5e12c7f1ef2973660dec14c7050af9148d61421b432f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b5a3ad85f1", "word": "採用", "reading": "さいよう", "romaji": "saiyou", "meanings": [ "use", "adopt" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1294890, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその仕事に志願し採用された。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{仕事|しごと}に{志願|しがん}し{採用|さいよう}された。", "en": "He applied for the job and got it.", "tatoeba_id": 112849 }, { "ja": "教授会は学部長の提案を採用した。", "furigana": "{教授会|きょうじゅかい}は{学部長|がくぶちょう}の{提案|ていあん}を{採用|さいよう}した。", "en": "The faculty meeting adopted the dean's proposal.", "tatoeba_id": 180145 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b618b695afaf2008ef615d9563f26a4a4ccf5a67f90cd3c75ef1b12824bf470a", "meanings": [ "采用", "录用" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその仕事に志願し採用された。", "zh": "他申请那份工作并被录用了。" }, { "ja": "教授会は学部長の提案を採用した。", "zh": "教授会议采纳了院长的提议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b5a3ad85f1", "JMdict ent_seq 1294890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "834580ee860a97ba9614dd6109800894fbcfdca552de13ba972a511290f4d7cc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6172efbca8", "word": "遮る", "reading": "さえぎる", "romaji": "saegiru", "meanings": [ "to interrupt", "to intercept", "to obstruct" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1323290, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は手で目から日差しを遮った。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{手|て}で{目|め}から{日差|ひざ}しを{遮|さえぎ}った。", "en": "She used her hand to screen the sunlight from her eyes.", "tatoeba_id": 88840 }, { "ja": "大きな柱が湖水の眺めを遮っている。", "furigana": "{大|おお}きな{柱|はしら}が{湖水|こすい}の{眺|なが}めを{遮|さえぎ}っている。", "en": "A large pillar obstructs the view of the lake.", "tatoeba_id": 137705 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8999a25a357c21baa3fc2d092ddd38e89522ed6b5e32f1ba2bca53b70a65ce4a", "meanings": [ "遮挡", "阻挡" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は手で目から日差しを遮った。", "zh": "她用手遮挡照在眼睛上的阳光。" }, { "ja": "大きな柱が湖水の眺めを遮っている。", "zh": "大柱子挡住了湖景。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6172efbca8", "JMdict ent_seq 1323290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "dc8b54ff97f238c1c381868fb2478f7cf38a4b3eb6e8bc0f7b2404668649087a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "03c235eae3", "word": "囀る", "reading": "さえずる", "romaji": "saezuru", "meanings": [ "to sing", "to chirp", "to twitter" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1565710, "examples": [ { "ja": "空で鳥がさえずっていた。", "furigana": "{空|そら}で{鳥|とり}がさえずっていた。", "en": "Birds were singing in the sky.", "tatoeba_id": 179475 }, { "ja": "小鳥が木立の中で囀っている。", "furigana": "{小鳥|ことり}が{木立|こだち}の{中|なか}で{囀|さえず}っている。", "en": "Birds are singing in the trees.", "tatoeba_id": 146919 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8a1cade46d0e6ca029afc0f67a129f40db862670bf5001158ce302c6792fcd3e", "meanings": [ "鸟鸣", "啼叫" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "空で鳥がさえずっていた。", "zh": "鸟儿在空中啼叫。" }, { "ja": "小鳥が木立の中で囀っている。", "zh": "小鸟在树林里鸣叫。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/03c235eae3", "JMdict ent_seq 1565710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c1b5dbd159e7231a219aa9976ac00a0db5a59430284d97f441cf30f8a588a514", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "acd16e281c", "word": "冴える", "reading": "さえる", "romaji": "saeru", "meanings": [ "to be clear", "to be serene", "to be cold", "to be skillful" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1297050, "examples": [ { "ja": "満月が空にさえている。", "furigana": "{満月|まんげつ}が{空|そら}にさえている。", "en": "A full moon is shining bright in the sky.", "tatoeba_id": 81081 }, { "ja": "昨日ゆっくり休んだ分、今日は頭が冴えている。", "en": "I feel smart today, to a degree that is in proportion to the amount of good rest I had yesterday.", "tatoeba_id": 76120 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5fa50e0bfff3705ee872e6ca1d41a957844dd31ac9753e9e705addd35635a66f", "meanings": [ "清澈", "敏锐" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "満月が空にさえている。", "zh": "满月在天空中明亮地照耀。" }, { "ja": "昨日ゆっくり休んだ分、今日は頭が冴えている。", "zh": "昨天充分休息，今天头脑很清醒。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/acd16e281c", "JMdict ent_seq 1297050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1a5dad3f4f27b34ec8db8053263a354a9b64847d6dd8dea8093d36a979f8a28d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7afe63bc18", "word": "竿", "reading": "さお", "romaji": "sao", "meanings": [ "rod", "pole (e.g. for drying laundry)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1214060, "examples": [ { "ja": "竿にシーツを全部干しました。", "en": "I put all of the sheets to dry on the pole.", "tatoeba_id": 409162 }, { "ja": "彼は釣り竿でどう釣りをすればいいか知っている。", "en": "He knows how to fish with a fishing rod.", "tatoeba_id": 1878397 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7f72fd2e412d7f63a48b9587c33229b8a400c0c3ccdaf55fb4322e026fd6bc4b", "meanings": [ "杆", "竿" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "竿にシーツを全部干しました。", "zh": "我把所有床单都晾在杆上。" }, { "ja": "彼は釣り竿でどう釣りをすればいいか知っている。", "zh": "他知道如何用钓竿钓鱼。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7afe63bc18", "JMdict ent_seq 1214060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1885fdafeb8e70e36f8542b14cdfb457b5bf410c61f7a537ed6a99ecd6353fbf", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c9a5908139", "word": "栄える", "reading": "さかえる", "romaji": "sakaeru", "meanings": [ "to prosper", "to flourish" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1173860, "examples": [ { "ja": "善人必ずしも栄える者でない。", "en": "Not all good men will prosper.", "tatoeba_id": 140915 }, { "ja": "その町は栄えているようだった。", "furigana": "その{町|まち}は{栄|さか}えているようだった。", "en": "That town looked prosperous.", "tatoeba_id": 207799 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7694716121705058dc014df89b709046c2ee27e1a0619746dbc9bdba92e6c44d", "meanings": [ "繁荣", "兴盛" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "善人必ずしも栄える者でない。", "zh": "好人未必兴旺。" }, { "ja": "その町は栄えているようだった。", "zh": "那个城镇似乎很繁荣。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c9a5908139", "JMdict ent_seq 1173860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "86d40df77e40f3f3b241fcb0894872947ee5ba96d8406f47f5769c3c353862d7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "86ff79ee1d", "word": "差額", "reading": "さがく", "romaji": "sagaku", "meanings": [ "balance", "difference", "margin" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1291370, "examples": [ { "ja": "差額はありますか。", "furigana": "{差額|さがく}はありますか。", "en": "Is there a difference?", "tatoeba_id": 170900 }, { "ja": "差額を支払う。", "en": "Pay the difference." }, { "ja": "二つの価格の差額を計算した。", "en": "I calculated the difference between the two prices." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0159334fe8a73e5969f333b8c4a06b5ebd658399fab0b9914666d626f86e5bc4", "meanings": [ "差额" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "差額はありますか。", "zh": "有差额吗？" }, { "ja": "差額を支払う。", "zh": "支付差额。" }, { "ja": "二つの価格の差額を計算した。", "zh": "我计算了两个价格的差额。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/86ff79ee1d", "JMdict ent_seq 1291370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a4cb9526a5d20769e0b3c897a16fa8a0fb41f7120192fcbb87ce02c1479e769c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "24b670d6d3", "word": "杯", "reading": "さかずき", "romaji": "sakazuki", "meanings": [ "wine cups" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1472630, "examples": [ { "ja": "杯を交わして祝った。", "en": "They exchanged cups and celebrated." }, { "ja": "小さな杯に酒を注ぐ。", "en": "Pour sake into a small cup." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d0375c9cda3ac2048d0ee3fcdd3d14454e43b5ca2d0bdc3d3be6bc9ac958eb91", "meanings": [ "酒杯" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "杯を交わして祝った。", "zh": "他们举杯庆祝。" }, { "ja": "小さな杯に酒を注ぐ。", "zh": "把酒倒入小酒杯。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/24b670d6d3", "JMdict ent_seq 1472630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "82eb87c899fb1cf6b6978e331faff0e0209ce96cfd67196ba4f4d2fe42ab8cb1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "83d4b6e60d", "word": "逆立ち", "reading": "さかだち", "romaji": "sakadachi", "meanings": [ "handstand", "headstand" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1227250, "examples": [ { "ja": "逆立ちをした時に首がガクンとなりました。", "furigana": "{逆立|さかだ}ちをした{時|とき}に{首|くび}がガクンとなりました。", "en": "My neck snapped when I did a headstand.", "tatoeba_id": 182765 }, { "ja": "彼女は塀の上を逆立ちして歩いた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{塀|へい}の{上|うえ}を{逆立|さかだ}ちして{歩|ある}いた。", "en": "She walked on her hands along the top of the wall.", "tatoeba_id": 86820 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e1d64eefe118900ea8749a0a5e67d8a94eced5098221b4362dd02ae6f7ec0178", "meanings": [ "倒立" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "逆立ちをした時に首がガクンとなりました。", "zh": "倒立时我的脖子突然一晃。" }, { "ja": "彼女は塀の上を逆立ちして歩いた。", "zh": "她倒立着在墙上行走。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/83d4b6e60d", "JMdict ent_seq 1227250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "76920ab9300f060bee0467a5589913c7b77af6de2b5c1bfc1d1991a914e32232", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4ae5663b6a", "word": "盛る", "reading": "さかる", "romaji": "sakaru", "meanings": [ "to prosper", "to flourish", "to copulate (animals)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1379730, "examples": [ { "ja": "春になると草木が盛る。", "en": "Plants flourish in spring." }, { "ja": "動物が春に盛る。", "en": "The animal comes into heat in spring." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e021d94698e8670a621b0a45585076fc1ccf170fe55b97676cff76dff483dbe6", "meanings": [ "兴盛", "发情" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "春になると草木が盛る。", "zh": "到了春天草木茂盛。" }, { "ja": "動物が春に盛る。", "zh": "动物在春天发情。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4ae5663b6a", "JMdict ent_seq 1379730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1152715de3871143d066ffe31a66c310dd494d491274c60e514b6bc0020daf31", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2f52c4d5d8", "word": "詐欺", "reading": "さぎ", "romaji": "sagi", "meanings": [ "fraud", "swindle" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1291690, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は詐欺の罪を犯している。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{詐欺|さぎ}の{罪|つみ}を{犯|おか}している。", "en": "She is guilty of fraud.", "tatoeba_id": 89953 }, { "ja": "その計画は実にうまく考えた詐欺だった。", "furigana": "その{計画|けいかく}は{実|じつ}にうまく{考|かんが}えた{詐欺|さぎ}だった。", "en": "The plan was a masterpiece of fraud.", "tatoeba_id": 211244 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "72388c502e9931089212a447f30770527fcb5657a2918f7b5436ee112db97fc4", "meanings": [ "诈骗" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は詐欺の罪を犯している。", "zh": "她犯了诈骗罪。" }, { "ja": "その計画は実にうまく考えた詐欺だった。", "zh": "那个计划确实是一场精心设计的骗局。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2f52c4d5d8", "JMdict ent_seq 1291690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a7b38f59ded6a8569b54b4047212c68bbdab875c28ab4368381ee4729b8ec576", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "eff14d6855", "word": "先に", "reading": "さきに", "romaji": "sakini", "meanings": [ "before", "earlier than", "ahead", "beyond", "away", "previously", "recently" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1387280, "examples": [ { "ja": "その情報は発表するより先に新聞に漏れた。", "furigana": "その{情報|じょうほう}は{発表|はっぴょう}するより{先|さき}に{新聞|しんぶん}に{漏|も}れた。", "en": "The information was given away to the newspaper prior to the announcement.", "tatoeba_id": 208920 }, { "ja": "私が先にそこへ着くよ。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}が{先|さき}にそこへ{着|つ}くよ。", "en": "I'll get there before you will.", "tatoeba_id": 167611 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "af87607d3e55578988a30fedb9da5016676e592fbe97c961cc40a371b7f7ef46", "meanings": [ "先", "之前" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その情報は発表するより先に新聞に漏れた。", "zh": "消息在发表之前泄露给了报纸。" }, { "ja": "私が先にそこへ着くよ。", "zh": "我会先到那里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/eff14d6855", "JMdict ent_seq 1387280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "138dcb8e9055e8ceb3d2ea297b1da44f789d2b8fef7301dfcf5d4e37311452c1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9314be824f", "word": "作", "reading": "さく", "romaji": "saku", "meanings": [ "a work", "a harvest" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1297240, "examples": [ { "ja": "この絵はモネの作とされている。", "furigana": "この{絵|え}はモネの{作|さく}とされている。", "en": "This painting is attributed to Monet.", "tatoeba_id": 222647 }, { "ja": "３作目はレベルが一段上でした。", "furigana": "３{作|さく}{目|め}はレベルが{一段上|いちだんうえ}でした。", "en": "The third in the series was a level above the rest.", "tatoeba_id": 75633 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8ae0145916d24f7e681e72abaa938ca453feb526cb4609c527a039ee597c2a88", "meanings": [ "作品", "收成" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この絵はモネの作とされている。", "zh": "这幅画被认为是莫奈的作品。" }, { "ja": "３作目はレベルが一段上でした。", "zh": "第三部作品的水平更高了一层。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9314be824f", "JMdict ent_seq 1297240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "df8a7072325a4e9a5eadbeec6080b12cca821426cc2f8c7be310bfa8d56e58fa", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "98daf18614", "word": "柵", "reading": "さく", "romaji": "saku", "meanings": [ "fence", "paling" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1298250, "examples": [ { "ja": "少年はらくらくと柵を飛び越えた。", "furigana": "{少年|しょうねん}はらくらくと{柵|さく}を{飛|と}び{越|こ}えた。", "en": "The boy skipped over the fence.", "tatoeba_id": 146566 }, { "ja": "庭は柵で小道と仕切られている。", "furigana": "{庭|にわ}は{柵|さく}で{小道|こみち}と{仕切|しき}られている。", "en": "The garden is railed off from the path.", "tatoeba_id": 125488 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "552e7eb14b6be4f155ea48197e81cf7e24f9a4881f2c08bf05a17ec6d92f8d4a", "meanings": [ "栅栏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "少年はらくらくと柵を飛び越えた。", "zh": "男孩轻松跳过了栅栏。" }, { "ja": "庭は柵で小道と仕切られている。", "zh": "花园用栅栏与小路隔开。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/98daf18614", "JMdict ent_seq 1298250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0c5e289e79d3b2307b4f5f6a2afcf86b9e0f6b3e129fed33d56ce7c4f3adef78", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2349af2f2f", "word": "策", "reading": "さく", "romaji": "saku", "meanings": [ "plan", "policy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1298260, "examples": [ { "ja": "正直は決して最上の策ではない。", "furigana": "{正直|しょうじき}は{決|けっ}して{最上|さいじょう}の{策|さく}ではない。", "en": "Honesty is never the best policy.", "tatoeba_id": 142897 }, { "ja": "私は正直は最良の策だと思います。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{正直|しょうじき}は{最良|さいりょう}の{策|さく}だと{思|おも}います。", "en": "I think that honesty is the best policy.", "tatoeba_id": 155562 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "08447d2c7923712480e97577a1f9056d450ae4e041c4f5ce5606fbdbc7e51a52", "meanings": [ "策略", "办法" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "正直は決して最上の策ではない。", "zh": "诚实绝不是最好的策略。" }, { "ja": "私は正直は最良の策だと思います。", "zh": "我认为诚实是最好的策略。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2349af2f2f", "JMdict ent_seq 1298260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "943a7a3833fee3b3606864fba294ab77414509e78b352e1744ad41d1f38c8c14", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ec75c990a9", "word": "削減", "reading": "さくげん", "romaji": "sakugen", "meanings": [ "cut", "reduction", "curtailment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1298110, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は支出を徐々に削減した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{支出|ししゅつ}を{徐々|じょじょ}に{削減|さくげん}した。", "en": "She pared down her expenditures.", "tatoeba_id": 89695 }, { "ja": "下院は外国援助の予算を削減した。", "furigana": "{下院|かいん}は{外国|がいこく}{援助|えんじょ}の{予算|よさん}を{削減|さくげん}した。", "en": "The House cut the budget for foreign aid.", "tatoeba_id": 188236 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "96dd306a62878e0172daa01fff49ad1bbb50ecd83989f113db2a5b256ec3a059", "meanings": [ "削减" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は支出を徐々に削減した。", "zh": "她逐渐削减开支。" }, { "ja": "下院は外国援助の予算を削減した。", "zh": "众议院削减了外国援助预算。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ec75c990a9", "JMdict ent_seq 1298110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "db0bcdbf1ed49d816b3c61c3de82b773fc85e529399639e7bb614c5af8fbdd5b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f6f4d393a1", "word": "錯誤", "reading": "さくご", "romaji": "sakugo", "meanings": [ "mistake" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1298420, "examples": [ { "ja": "契約に錯誤があった。", "en": "There was a mistake in the contract." }, { "ja": "重大な錯誤が判明した。", "en": "A serious error was discovered." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4737a6564901fd65bfbd393cb91b7a83189ae6de637c984ae5a841e294ce08cb", "meanings": [ "错误", "差错" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "契約に錯誤があった。", "zh": "合同中存在差错。" }, { "ja": "重大な錯誤が判明した。", "zh": "发现了重大错误。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f6f4d393a1", "JMdict ent_seq 1298420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5de6d24801779a76b64556a5c3ad4e4ed55008cdde8eaf6ba180edbb4d557f1a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ad558472a4", "word": "作戦", "reading": "さくせん", "romaji": "sakusen", "meanings": [ "military or naval operations", "tactics", "strategy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1297800, "examples": [ { "ja": "タイムをとって作戦を練ろう。", "furigana": "タイムをとって{作戦|さくせん}を{練|ね}ろう。", "en": "Let's take time out to elaborate a strategy.", "tatoeba_id": 203888 }, { "ja": "この作戦に対する脅威は数多い。", "furigana": "この{作戦|さくせん}に{対|たい}する{脅威|きょうい}は{数多|かずおお}い。", "en": "The threats to this strategy are numerous.", "tatoeba_id": 221891 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e44108be1606c95b92a74b20ee0a60c56682fedd39614411f35bb2406ce1ecd0", "meanings": [ "作战", "策略" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "タイムをとって作戦を練ろう。", "zh": "暂停一下，制定策略吧。" }, { "ja": "この作戦に対する脅威は数多い。", "zh": "对这次行动的威胁很多。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ad558472a4", "JMdict ent_seq 1297800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "adf17c7843cea3f40cc876e5e687db616aa024628d1bb3e9c4d2574e6ab29f54", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4bec3c72cb", "word": "作物", "reading": "さくぶつ", "romaji": "sakubutsu", "meanings": [ "literary work" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1297940, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の作物を研究した。", "en": "I studied his literary works." }, { "ja": "古い作物を読む。", "en": "Read an old literary work." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b25d739662181fd240b5365f9973c3bc8ea4fae15cc285426570e4e1f2f9a037", "meanings": [ "作品", "著作" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の作物を研究した。", "zh": "我研究了他的文学作品。" }, { "ja": "古い作物を読む。", "zh": "阅读一部古老的作品。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4bec3c72cb", "JMdict ent_seq 1297940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "da9a8c619e167260c31cf6a410a3114908c09397af0752acbb1f81426a1d1336", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0de2011ee3", "word": "叫び", "reading": "さけび", "romaji": "sakebi", "meanings": [ "shout", "scream", "outcry" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1235890, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女の叫びが警察を呼び寄せた。", "en": "Her scream brought the police.", "tatoeba_id": 94520 }, { "ja": "彼は苦痛の叫びをこらえた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{苦痛|くつう}の{叫|さけ}びをこらえた。", "en": "He held back a cry of agony.", "tatoeba_id": 108113 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "dd6a72ada0e99e8598ba942d40ab6c73e513f35c69832f092d7129a44d07e177", "meanings": [ "叫喊", "呼声" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女の叫びが警察を呼び寄せた。", "zh": "她的叫声引来了警察。" }, { "ja": "彼は苦痛の叫びをこらえた。", "zh": "他忍住了痛苦的叫喊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0de2011ee3", "JMdict ent_seq 1235890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ce30787448d1fce0bb9ebff8541baa9ffdb23bff71a6d83c3c510cb4b0dbdff3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "938c9d8608", "word": "裂ける", "reading": "さける", "romaji": "sakeru", "meanings": [ "to split", "to tear", "to burst" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1558610, "examples": [ { "ja": "この布は裂けやすい。", "furigana": "この{布|ぬの}は{裂|さ}けやすい。", "en": "This cloth tears easily.", "tatoeba_id": 220074 }, { "ja": "彼女の服は裂けていた。", "en": "Her dress was torn.", "tatoeba_id": 93978 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e8f5aa9b0d19a2fe7cf40b261c0da1f3da791a188c7340fb8b7d5bf53543619e", "meanings": [ "裂开", "撕破" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この布は裂けやすい。", "zh": "这种布容易裂开。" }, { "ja": "彼女の服は裂けていた。", "zh": "她的衣服破了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/938c9d8608", "JMdict ent_seq 1558610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7e112613ca4897bc209ee0ae90926dc5e6eb7f979df945d105e53976f1da220a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9f492a7054", "word": "捧げる", "reading": "ささげる", "romaji": "sasageru", "meanings": [ "to lift up", "to give", "to offer", "to consecrate", "to devote", "to sacrifice", "to dedicate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1516430, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は平和のために一生を捧げた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{平和|へいわ}のために{一生|いっしょう}を{捧|ささ}げた。", "en": "He dedicated his life to peace.", "tatoeba_id": 100169 }, { "ja": "彼女は物理学の研究に一生を捧げた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{物理学|ぶつりがく}の{研究|けんきゅう}に{一生|いっしょう}を{捧|ささ}げた。", "en": "She gave her entire life to the study of physics.", "tatoeba_id": 86827 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d3ea9d1c9f3d3375e7709931bcf5024016897e23c45dec63623170a3a6a16aa7", "meanings": [ "奉献", "献上" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は平和のために一生を捧げた。", "zh": "他把一生献给了和平。" }, { "ja": "彼女は物理学の研究に一生を捧げた。", "zh": "她把一生献给了物理学研究。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9f492a7054", "JMdict ent_seq 1516430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8f645d0f1461f596b694be9116cac287e65375fdf41b8ba6a352928c997c2540", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a8e61e8f39", "word": "些事", "reading": "さじ", "romaji": "saji", "meanings": [ "something small or petty", "trifle" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1593790, "examples": [ { "ja": "些事にこだわらない。", "en": "Do not dwell on trivial matters." }, { "ja": "些事で争うのはやめよう。", "en": "Let us stop arguing over trifles." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f733053b74641a777441b01834a2fbb96f417ed77325c96adf7787543f1b151f", "meanings": [ "琐事" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "些事にこだわらない。", "zh": "不要拘泥于琐事。" }, { "ja": "些事で争うのはやめよう。", "zh": "不要为了小事争吵了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a8e61e8f39", "JMdict ent_seq 1593790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6c0f9da6d3acaf7a3238f5f51525b0c33790b4dae9cb3f86d2d3c7a0cf95300a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "efd3b15360", "word": "差し掛かる", "reading": "さしかかる", "romaji": "sashikakaru", "meanings": [ "to come near to", "to approach" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1291140, "examples": [ { "ja": "交渉はとても微妙な段階にさしかかっている。", "en": "The negotiations are at a very delicate stage.", "tatoeba_id": 174180 }, { "ja": "私達が峠にさしかかる頃に雨になった。", "en": "It began to rain as we came near the pass.", "tatoeba_id": 152033 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f913cbc883def3720cc0ffeefc07658a6cba0965c102f3c4981aa27eb67e59c9", "meanings": [ "临近", "进入" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "交渉はとても微妙な段階にさしかかっている。", "zh": "谈判正进入非常微妙的阶段。" }, { "ja": "私達が峠にさしかかる頃に雨になった。", "zh": "我们快到山口时下起了雨。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/efd3b15360", "JMdict ent_seq 1291140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "728aa838c7769bd3408d83888258e2ebfe0a142b999bd5ef93ad6b17c21badb6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "896f36ec1e", "word": "指図", "reading": "さしず", "romaji": "sashizu", "meanings": [ "instruction", "mandate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1309850, "examples": [ { "ja": "時計が人間の行動を指図する。", "furigana": "{時計|とけい}が{人間|にんげん}の{行動|こうどう}を{指図|さしず}する。", "en": "The clock dictates man's movements.", "tatoeba_id": 150507 }, { "ja": "私はあなたの指図どおりにそれをいたします。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はあなたの{指図|さしず}どおりにそれをいたします。", "en": "I will do it according to your instructions.", "tatoeba_id": 161673 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "20d4572f7ac141e876e42ddd19514bcf22558929699d06731466c0f9234ed31f", "meanings": [ "指示", "命令" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "時計が人間の行動を指図する。", "zh": "钟表支配着人的行动。" }, { "ja": "私はあなたの指図どおりにそれをいたします。", "zh": "我会按照你的指示做那件事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/896f36ec1e", "JMdict ent_seq 1309850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "11b3b61050236c0da518455feb82ed50f93c8c9b8e0dfe0760bf753ca7080c6e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "97067b8785", "word": "差し出す", "reading": "さしだす", "romaji": "sashidasu", "meanings": [ "to present", "to submit", "to tender", "to hold out" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1291230, "examples": [ { "ja": "赤ん坊は小さな手を差し出した。", "furigana": "{赤|あか}ん{坊|ぼう}は{小|ちい}さな{手|て}を{差|さ}し{出|だ}した。", "en": "The baby held out his tiny hand.", "tatoeba_id": 142175 }, { "ja": "彼女は握手をしようと手を差し出した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{握手|あくしゅ}をしようと{手|て}を{差|さ}し{出|だ}した。", "en": "She gave me her hand to shake.", "tatoeba_id": 91231 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fb5dc06517757974c7e63ac8b752902ce662e94846a1f88528e2203bd44fb385", "meanings": [ "伸出", "提出" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "赤ん坊は小さな手を差し出した。", "zh": "婴儿伸出了小手。" }, { "ja": "彼女は握手をしようと手を差し出した。", "zh": "她伸出手准备握手。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/97067b8785", "JMdict ent_seq 1291230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "11bb5445d109a107a25ced8496b0ff44d8121165ccdc3e8b79455d2ccbc4c421", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cdf5e77c1e", "word": "差し支える", "reading": "さしつかえる", "romaji": "sashitsukaeru", "meanings": [ "to interfere", "to hinder", "to become impeded" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1291180, "examples": [ { "ja": "仕事に差し支えるので早く寝る。", "en": "I go to bed early so it does not interfere with work." }, { "ja": "明日の予定に差し支えない。", "en": "It will not interfere with tomorrow’s plans." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "81a45f53fb12c976bd4cb06add04b5e7f16259df51634e7a5ce8cfcc7e7b3d61", "meanings": [ "妨碍", "有影响" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "仕事に差し支えるので早く寝る。", "zh": "为了不影响工作，我早点睡。" }, { "ja": "明日の予定に差し支えない。", "zh": "不会影响明天的计划。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cdf5e77c1e", "JMdict ent_seq 1291180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8ee434539c5f32f8936e490f7b10437b9c306c539f7aa967ab0970406d7ce6d1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d46b54b4ac", "word": "差し引く", "reading": "さしひく", "romaji": "sashihiku", "meanings": [ "to deduct" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1291100, "examples": [ { "ja": "１０から２を差し引くと８です。", "furigana": "１０から２を{差|さ}し{引|ひ}くと８です。", "en": "Subtract two from ten and you have eight.", "tatoeba_id": 236096 }, { "ja": "費用を売上から差し引く。", "en": "Deduct expenses from sales." }, { "ja": "税金を差し引いた額を受け取る。", "en": "Receive the amount after tax deductions." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6808c63e674f8c4e5bd681d78ab46b65af0235e83af7c85f34a1d430757fe2c6", "meanings": [ "扣除" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "１０から２を差し引くと８です。", "zh": "十减二等于八。" }, { "ja": "費用を売上から差し引く。", "zh": "从销售额中扣除费用。" }, { "ja": "税金を差し引いた額を受け取る。", "zh": "领取扣税后的金额。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d46b54b4ac", "JMdict ent_seq 1291100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8d5552f06b919bf529f632c66b7a37008220a7836bd64373023d298785bafd05", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1452a1a7e3", "word": "授ける", "reading": "さずける", "romaji": "sazukeru", "meanings": [ "to grant", "to award", "to teach" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1330280, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は水でバプテスマを授けている。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{水|みず}でバプテスマを{授|さず}けている。", "en": "I baptize with water.", "tatoeba_id": 155635 }, { "ja": "監督は彼にトロフィーを授けた。", "furigana": "{監督|かんとく}は{彼|かれ}にトロフィーを{授|さず}けた。", "en": "The manager bestowed a trophy on him.", "tatoeba_id": 183868 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "45a888de264aaf5b3e43de2260d78e4bd403d5d9e232c7b32e34546fac18d3a8", "meanings": [ "授予", "传授" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は水でバプテスマを授けている。", "zh": "我用水施洗。" }, { "ja": "監督は彼にトロフィーを授けた。", "zh": "教练向他颁发了奖杯。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1452a1a7e3", "JMdict ent_seq 1330280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ea772d71bc56535f86f1f6ae3c23600fa3c397d3e2abd444a674aee73fefe394", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fab38f85af", "word": "さぞ", "reading": "さぞ", "romaji": "sazo", "meanings": [ "I am sure", "certainly", "no doubt" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1565620, "other_forms": [ "嘸" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "さぞショックだったでしょう。", "en": "It must have been a shock to you.", "tatoeba_id": 216821 }, { "ja": "もし彼が死んだらさぞ悲しむだろう。", "furigana": "もし{彼|かれ}が{死|し}んだらさぞ{悲|かな}しむだろう。", "en": "I'll be deeply affected by his death.", "tatoeba_id": 193517 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "11349e19b0f08704bac01b7a6de13781a40f45488ab54c026b7755f3b91ef5a3", "meanings": [ "想必", "一定" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "さぞショックだったでしょう。", "zh": "一定受了很大打击吧。" }, { "ja": "もし彼が死んだらさぞ悲しむだろう。", "zh": "如果他去世，一定会很悲伤吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fab38f85af", "JMdict ent_seq 1565620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "83ab761f9790ce0d5fea0f62dc6bb3fa1e72cd12f42938f9aabbb999a8439c50", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "398673bdbc", "word": "定まる", "reading": "さだまる", "romaji": "sadamaru", "meanings": [ "to become settled", "to be fixed" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1435370, "examples": [ { "ja": "やっと天候が定まった。", "furigana": "やっと{天候|てんこう}が{定|さだ}まった。", "en": "The weather has settled at last.", "tatoeba_id": 193059 }, { "ja": "彼の運命は定まった。", "en": "His doom is sealed.", "tatoeba_id": 118115 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a618d50dca9330907d8a7e259b1d61b6d2d9316a8c1fe0c0cf75a710d34b372e", "meanings": [ "确定", "安定" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "やっと天候が定まった。", "zh": "天气终于稳定下来了。" }, { "ja": "彼の運命は定まった。", "zh": "他的命运确定了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/398673bdbc", "JMdict ent_seq 1435370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d662da9b1c93fec1d320fcf4b550f2d5580e941aac20df2e569c70f0f15e3cc2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3da0f86cec", "word": "定める", "reading": "さだめる", "romaji": "sadameru", "meanings": [ "to decide", "to establish", "to determine" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1435380, "examples": [ { "ja": "職員の選考に関する規則を次のように定める。", "furigana": "{職員|しょくいん}の{選考|せんこう}に{関|かん}する{規則|きそく}を{次|つぎ}のように{定|さだ}める。", "en": "Rules in connection with staff selection are set as follows.", "tatoeba_id": 76000 }, { "ja": "神は人間はみな死ぬものと定めた。", "furigana": "{神|かみ}は{人間|にんげん}はみな{死|し}ぬものと{定|さだ}めた。", "en": "God has ordained that all men shall die.", "tatoeba_id": 144907 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "56436e9c9baa68c3381f260cd867c20e343299deb8df43559b00e93557ae9fa5", "meanings": [ "规定", "决定" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "職員の選考に関する規則を次のように定める。", "zh": "关于员工选拔的规则规定如下。" }, { "ja": "神は人間はみな死ぬものと定めた。", "zh": "神决定所有人都会死亡。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3da0f86cec", "JMdict ent_seq 1435380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7ad27d596148d2a29ff3ea956f53535573918f6e8b4a5fc11911beec61e782e2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5468d806d0", "word": "座談会", "reading": "ざだんかい", "romaji": "zadankai", "meanings": [ "symposium", "round-table discussion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1291920, "examples": [ { "ja": "専門家の座談会を開いた。", "en": "We held a round-table discussion with experts." }, { "ja": "座談会で意見を交換する。", "en": "Exchange views at a round-table discussion." } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "209f2d2eb697252a882ccc02c094cbfac3d3859dea0892a2a0da2dfb481caeda", "meanings": [ "座谈会" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "専門家の座談会を開いた。", "zh": "我们举行了专家座谈会。" }, { "ja": "座談会で意見を交換する。", "zh": "在座谈会上交换意见。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5468d806d0", "JMdict ent_seq 1291920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c16059117623c3786da2cacdde1e524b890a39b23b06325cdd92d153f4dab02c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5d038b3b98", "word": "冊", "reading": "さつ", "romaji": "satsu", "meanings": [ "counter for books" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1298520, "examples": [ { "ja": "ポール、8冊までなら借りられるからね。", "furigana": "ポール、8{冊|さつ}までなら{借|か}りられるからね。", "en": "Paul, we can borrow up to 8 books.", "tatoeba_id": 75459 }, { "ja": "彼は５００冊もの本を持っている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は５００{冊|さつ}もの{本|ほん}を{持|も}っている。", "en": "He has no fewer than five hundred books.", "tatoeba_id": 115095 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a188d4acbb866657a5879f0bfa6f33c109afda6a14f18935996cdb463bce8cb9", "meanings": [ "册（量词）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ポール、8冊までなら借りられるからね。", "zh": "保罗，你最多可以借八本哦。" }, { "ja": "彼は５００冊もの本を持っている。", "zh": "他有多达五百本书。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5d038b3b98", "JMdict ent_seq 1298520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9e9f866acabd16f29fa0a47545f61ab1889c915fb88e6bf62cbf764e766433c3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3b5a252a70", "word": "雑", "reading": "ざつ", "romaji": "zatsu", "meanings": [ "rough", "crude" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1299240, "examples": [ { "ja": "お客が雑な作りのスタンドに座って靴を磨いてもらっている。", "en": "A customer is having his shoes shined on a slapped-together stand.", "tatoeba_id": 227326 }, { "ja": "彼は仕事が雑だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{仕事|しごと}が{雑|ざつ}だ。", "en": "He is careless and untidy in his work.", "tatoeba_id": 106670 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bca003935ab10a825ed7a242fc8a27e1954d86e2f667515763369c00f9fae2ec", "meanings": [ "粗糙", "马虎" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "お客が雑な作りのスタンドに座って靴を磨いてもらっている。", "zh": "客人坐在做工粗糙的座位上擦鞋。" }, { "ja": "彼は仕事が雑だ。", "zh": "他工作很马虎。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3b5a252a70", "JMdict ent_seq 1299240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9ab0c73e4b057eddd359bcd273fb7cb7364d83209f26a24e89e6a94bf0b5cf93", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6e4c1d41d8", "word": "雑貨", "reading": "ざっか", "romaji": "zakka", "meanings": [ "miscellaneous goods", "general goods", "sundries" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1299290, "examples": [ { "ja": "あそこでは多くのタイプの食品や雑貨を売っている。", "furigana": "あそこでは{多|おお}くのタイプの{食品|しょくひん}や{雑貨|ざっか}を{売|う}っている。", "en": "They sell many types of food and grocery products.", "tatoeba_id": 234429 }, { "ja": "彼の知人が田舎で雑貨屋を経営している。", "en": "His acquaintance runs a grocery in the country.", "tatoeba_id": 116536 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "28c15430c68853804069693c4ed64893c97bee95357b291cdb8b498c3c6bb4fc", "meanings": [ "杂货" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あそこでは多くのタイプの食品や雑貨を売っている。", "zh": "那里卖很多种食品和杂货。" }, { "ja": "彼の知人が田舎で雑貨屋を経営している。", "zh": "他的熟人在乡下经营杂货店。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6e4c1d41d8", "JMdict ent_seq 1299290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b10b3a278f43825ca0480fee9fe40625313bbce9bb743f038d9f26e1cbdc0d4a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bf631bff68", "word": "錯覚", "reading": "さっかく", "romaji": "sakkaku", "meanings": [ "optical illusion", "hallucination" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1298400, "examples": [ { "ja": "これはあれよりも長いように見えるが、錯覚だ。", "furigana": "これはあれよりも{長|なが}いように{見|み}えるが、{錯覚|さっかく}だ。", "en": "This looks longer than that, but it is an optical illusion.", "tatoeba_id": 218645 }, { "ja": "目の錯覚かと思った。", "furigana": "{目|め}の{錯覚|さっかく}かと{思|おも}った。", "en": "I thought my eyes were playing tricks on me.", "tatoeba_id": 79963 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8860a74dbc1f9de138a16027d216f7106d0f0c14811a31ee90fd133add8b6eb0", "meanings": [ "错觉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これはあれよりも長いように見えるが、錯覚だ。", "zh": "这个看起来比那个长，但那是错觉。" }, { "ja": "目の錯覚かと思った。", "zh": "我以为是眼睛产生了错觉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bf631bff68", "JMdict ent_seq 1298400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1b685fdd7997bf198a21cfbb315c7debd73818213178964212e85e4db8a3c804", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "42a1f92fce", "word": "殺人", "reading": "さつじん", "romaji": "satsujin", "meanings": [ "murder" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1299100, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は殺人以外のことなら何でもするだろう。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{殺人|さつじん}{以外|いがい}のことなら{何|なん}でもするだろう。", "en": "He will do anything but murder.", "tatoeba_id": 106724 }, { "ja": "その男は殺人の疑いで投獄された。", "furigana": "その{男|おとこ}は{殺人|さつじん}の{疑|うたが}いで{投獄|とうごく}された。", "en": "The man was imprisoned for murder.", "tatoeba_id": 208060 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "25c824bd80c76284258a0f3be5d707c386ab2cbc21fb4b7d987c890815b91279", "meanings": [ "杀人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は殺人以外のことなら何でもするだろう。", "zh": "除了杀人，他什么都可能做。" }, { "ja": "その男は殺人の疑いで投獄された。", "zh": "那个男人因涉嫌杀人被监禁。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/42a1f92fce", "JMdict ent_seq 1299100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ade7e6c7943fcaad0c4bcd2d1f211f5c8c291288a32c75c04232f5331c27edef", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3c1e02f0c4", "word": "察する", "reading": "さっする", "romaji": "sassuru", "meanings": [ "to guess", "to sense", "to presume", "to judge", "to sympathize with" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vs-s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1298740, "examples": [ { "ja": "この手紙から察すると彼は立腹しているようだ。", "furigana": "この{手紙|てがみ}から{察|さっ}すると{彼|かれ}は{立腹|りっぷく}しているようだ。", "en": "I gathered from this letter that he was angry.", "tatoeba_id": 221350 }, { "ja": "評判で察すると、彼女はその仕事にふさわしいようだ。", "furigana": "{評判|ひょうばん}で{察|さっ}すると、{彼女|かのじょ}はその{仕事|しごと}にふさわしいようだ。", "en": "Judging from all reports, she seems to be right for the job.", "tatoeba_id": 85352 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2f5e28187cdceaca724065233e11802ee1a6fdd0c9bd01524979998f1677fa3a", "meanings": [ "推测", "体察" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この手紙から察すると彼は立腹しているようだ。", "zh": "从这封信来看，他似乎生气了。" }, { "ja": "評判で察すると、彼女はその仕事にふさわしいようだ。", "zh": "从名声判断，她似乎适合那份工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3c1e02f0c4", "JMdict ent_seq 1298740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7ef029992743e0c69cdb446bae1254d4bc2fa3b5407541317ff7f0b8b67d4dee", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "750318c4c4", "word": "雑談", "reading": "ざつだん", "romaji": "zatsudan", "meanings": [ "chatting", "idle talk" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1299480, "examples": [ { "ja": "ぜひ雑談でもしにいらしてください。", "furigana": "ぜひ{雑談|ざつだん}でもしにいらしてください。", "en": "You must come and have a chat with us.", "tatoeba_id": 214006 }, { "ja": "彼はコーヒーを飲みながら彼女と雑談した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はコーヒーを{飲|の}みながら{彼女|かのじょ}と{雑談|ざつだん}した。", "en": "He visited with her over a cup of coffee.", "tatoeba_id": 113855 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5c82409764fd7be4b318b74dbc643da6c1de61a10893297849cea17dfb864f8a", "meanings": [ "闲聊" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ぜひ雑談でもしにいらしてください。", "zh": "请一定来聊聊天。" }, { "ja": "彼はコーヒーを飲みながら彼女と雑談した。", "zh": "他喝着咖啡和她闲聊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/750318c4c4", "JMdict ent_seq 1299480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8826a0d839155d4a4d8a3c73f23c13b8a874f478760b034b0919c566bc5683a7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "76c9379fe5", "word": "さっと", "reading": "さっと", "romaji": "satto", "meanings": [ "quickly", "suddenly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1005200, "examples": [ { "ja": "編集者は原稿にさっと目を通した。", "furigana": "{編集者|へんしゅうしゃ}は{原稿|げんこう}にさっと{目|め}を{通|とお}した。", "en": "The editor glanced over the manuscript.", "tatoeba_id": 83361 }, { "ja": "頭上の雲がさっと流れていった。", "furigana": "{頭上|ずじょう}の{雲|くも}がさっと{流|なが}れていった。", "en": "The clouds above moved fast.", "tatoeba_id": 123827 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fb9240a470df82e954894d7aaf1fc645816b582740fad06b52edbfc866740bc4", "meanings": [ "迅速地", "突然" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "編集者は原稿にさっと目を通した。", "zh": "编辑迅速浏览了稿件。" }, { "ja": "頭上の雲がさっと流れていった。", "zh": "头顶的云迅速飘过。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/76c9379fe5", "JMdict ent_seq 1005200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b5ef1e2234894207713da1ad74ab4251666fa0f0ab7d66eb7ee7417b6e5c3596", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "11bc98c5aa", "word": "雑木", "reading": "ざつぼく", "romaji": "zatsuboku", "meanings": [ "various kinds of small trees", "assorted trees" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1299560, "examples": [ { "ja": "雑木が庭に生えている。", "en": "Various trees grow in the garden." }, { "ja": "山には雑木が茂っている。", "en": "Mixed trees grow thickly on the mountain." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a2c54af597debb8cb0e823e1d89ff5a422b6cb4abe0443f13a7905e3a78fe473", "meanings": [ "杂木", "多种树木" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "雑木が庭に生えている。", "zh": "花园里长着杂木。" }, { "ja": "山には雑木が茂っている。", "zh": "山上杂木茂盛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/11bc98c5aa", "JMdict ent_seq 1299560; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9395aa0775128140048e05c96cec6b5f9534ce1f1ebe416af5a99d99e8b7bd21" } }, { "id": "2f8bc57219", "word": "悟る", "reading": "さとる", "romaji": "satoru", "meanings": [ "to attain enlightenment", "to perceive", "to understand", "to discern" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1270850, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はついに自分の誤りを悟った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はついに{自分|じぶん}の{誤|あやま}りを{悟|さと}った。", "en": "At last, he realized his error.", "tatoeba_id": 202654 }, { "ja": "彼は犯した罪の大きさを悟った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{犯|おか}した{罪|つみ}の{大|おお}きさを{悟|さと}った。", "en": "He realized the magnitude of his crime.", "tatoeba_id": 101221 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2b02627a65a0b391253aeb72dd31dab280a2f0fd89a68b72d1f14b43ab7f4f08", "meanings": [ "领悟", "意识到" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はついに自分の誤りを悟った。", "zh": "他终于意识到自己的错误。" }, { "ja": "彼は犯した罪の大きさを悟った。", "zh": "他意识到自己所犯罪行的严重性。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2f8bc57219", "JMdict ent_seq 1270850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c8b92fc1636cecfd1e78b790573e15e8f232ec1b1b4f131677eadff6a8400a33", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d241556a2f", "word": "裁く", "reading": "さばく", "romaji": "sabaku", "meanings": [ "to judge" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1295940, "examples": [ { "ja": "誰がこの事件を裁くのでしょうか。", "furigana": "{誰|だれ}がこの{事件|じけん}を{裁|さば}くのでしょうか。", "en": "Who is going to try this case?", "tatoeba_id": 137033 }, { "ja": "御子を信じるものは裁かれない。", "furigana": "{御子|みこ}を{信|しん}じるものは{裁|さば}かれない。", "en": "Whoever believes in him is not condemned.", "tatoeba_id": 174264 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "67c63f74b48584b9c1a9d909e1a863a6b19c593605189500e7811276786a59cf", "meanings": [ "审判", "裁决" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "誰がこの事件を裁くのでしょうか。", "zh": "谁来审理这个案件？" }, { "ja": "御子を信じるものは裁かれない。", "zh": "相信圣子的人不会被审判。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d241556a2f", "JMdict ent_seq 1295940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2e57bcf6c08dd43feeb024d76fede3c73461bf7b83c03b7b0aeaff8c75c9ff17", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "757c62778f", "word": "座標", "reading": "ざひょう", "romaji": "zahyou", "meanings": [ "coordinate(s)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1638190, "examples": [ { "ja": "地図上の座標を確認した。", "en": "I checked the coordinates on the map." }, { "ja": "点の座標を求めてください。", "en": "Please find the coordinates of the point." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c2b9d2eac2d45b8666f5a518b22c34ede7709cd02a4c05d8f8a9f685474b5626", "meanings": [ "坐标" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "地図上の座標を確認した。", "zh": "我确认了地图上的坐标。" }, { "ja": "点の座標を求めてください。", "zh": "请计算这个点的坐标。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/757c62778f", "JMdict ent_seq 1638190; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2ac5233bafbc7643907bd5577b463ee67a6d06aee8ba3de828cdc53954e43186" } }, { "id": "2726e030a9", "word": "さほど", "reading": "さほど", "romaji": "sahodo", "meanings": [ "(not) very", "(not) much" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1394760, "other_forms": [ "然程", "左程" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その問題はさほど難しくない。", "en": "The problem is not very difficult." }, { "ja": "流れはさほど速くない。", "en": "The stream is not very swift.", "tatoeba_id": 78262 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "296d8cbeebc42f3d9f8b6da29dfe07c8a72dae609f97b572e5526c2616520ae2", "meanings": [ "不怎么", "不太" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その問題はさほど難しくない。", "zh": "那个问题不太难。" }, { "ja": "流れはさほど速くない。", "zh": "水流不太快。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2726e030a9", "JMdict ent_seq 1394760; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "さほど通常与否定搭配，表示“不太”。", "review_hash": "226f9b7e65ecdc52e60d2db59ecf5d373cfc281ba14fb82cf1a3df692e5aa51e" } }, { "id": "6707c34b07", "word": "サボる", "reading": "サボる", "romaji": "saboru", "meanings": [ "to be truant", "to be idle", "to sabotage by slowness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1057580, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らはいつも学校をサボっています。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはいつも{学校|がっこう}をサボっています。", "en": "They always escape from school.", "tatoeba_id": 98198 }, { "ja": "仕事をサボったからクビになった。", "furigana": "{仕事|しごと}をサボったからクビになった。", "en": "He got the sack for slacking off at work.", "tatoeba_id": 76109 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "56ab25957384fe3db92c9c5427b6a25814d56c8dd58591a7d32518763404ca4a", "meanings": [ "逃学", "偷懒" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らはいつも学校をサボっています。", "zh": "他们总是逃学。" }, { "ja": "仕事をサボったからクビになった。", "zh": "因为工作偷懒而被解雇了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6707c34b07", "JMdict ent_seq 1057580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "24c31324b2335544e52fff2f345fad99badc561001ceec020280cce4181bde6b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2e94c5f285", "word": "様", "reading": "さま", "romaji": "sama", "meanings": [ "Mr. or Mrs.", "manner", "kind", "appearance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1545790, "examples": [ { "ja": "フラフラと歩き回る様は、あまりにデンジャラスだ。", "furigana": "フラフラと{歩|ある}き{回|まわ}る{様|さま}は、あまりにデンジャラスだ。", "en": "The way she dizzily moves around is far too dangerous.", "tatoeba_id": 76459 }, { "ja": "彼女は王女様になった夢を見た。", "en": "She dreamed that she was a princess.", "tatoeba_id": 90986 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "25c923c1a1864e4c8b2d29557a77c844dd04385a47646cea30dab9773067e6b0", "meanings": [ "样子", "大人（敬称）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "フラフラと歩き回る様は、あまりにデンジャラスだ。", "zh": "摇摇晃晃地走来走去的样子，非常危险。" }, { "ja": "彼女は王女様になった夢を見た。", "zh": "她梦见自己成了公主。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2e94c5f285", "JMdict ent_seq 1545790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1e0a28abff9228b29d7a2229ec20056bdfc11a75563bdf0b4b822e58ca6e6b2e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1aaa4f2c34", "word": "侍", "reading": "さむらい", "romaji": "samurai", "meanings": [ "Samurai", "warrior" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1314780, "examples": [ { "ja": "『うぐいす侍』人間愛とユーモア溢れる侍物語。", "furigana": "『うぐいす{侍|さむらい}』{人間愛|にんげんあい}とユーモア{溢|あふ}れる{侍|さむらい}{物語|ものがたり}。", "en": "\"The Nightingale Samurai\" is a samurai tale full of humanity and humour.", "tatoeba_id": 74329 }, { "ja": "太郎には侍の血が流れている。", "en": "A samurai's blood runs in Taro's veins.", "tatoeba_id": 2240523 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3583a0706bf42300e4c80af7a602eabc35230ac61c0c1239c437408f5f2732c9", "meanings": [ "武士" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "『うぐいす侍』人間愛とユーモア溢れる侍物語。", "zh": "《莺武士》是一个充满人情和幽默的武士故事。" }, { "ja": "太郎には侍の血が流れている。", "zh": "太郎身上流着武士的血。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1aaa4f2c34", "JMdict ent_seq 1314780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f220d407e82cde76c71cf856a8ad9bcb8b55350dfeff5357073b961ade3437cd", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fc4763325c", "word": "然も", "reading": "さも", "romaji": "samo", "meanings": [ "with gusto", "with satisfaction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1394700, "examples": [ { "ja": "笑いで誤魔化すと、亜美さんはさも不機嫌そうに眉を寄せた。", "en": "Ami frowned in a very un-amused way as I brushed her off with a laugh.", "tatoeba_id": 76004 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a10ab3ce7c0fc02a8612ae87ddd6918eef6c90a930eee106a78bf4b63513405d", "meanings": [ "好像", "仿佛", "看似" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "笑いで誤魔化すと、亜美さんはさも不機嫌そうに眉を寄せた。", "zh": "我用笑声掩饰过去，亚美便皱眉，显得很不高兴。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fc4763325c", "JMdict ent_seq 1394700; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "さも常用于描述外表看似如此，如さも不機嫌そう。", "review_hash": "26a87aebd105bee1714560e439bf5c516a992e397140930a48684fb284ed20d2" } }, { "id": "73affc28d7", "word": "作用", "reading": "さよう", "romaji": "sayou", "meanings": [ "action", "operation", "effect", "function" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1298000, "examples": [ { "ja": "日光は皮膚に作用する。", "furigana": "{日光|にっこう}は{皮膚|ひふ}に{作用|さよう}する。", "en": "The sunbeam acts upon the skin.", "tatoeba_id": 122878 }, { "ja": "酸は金属を含むものに作用する。", "furigana": "{酸|さん}は{金属|きんぞく}を{含|ふく}むものに{作用|さよう}する。", "en": "Acid acts on things which contain metal.", "tatoeba_id": 169308 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "55fd7caaf08b1dff16fd56219b6e4fdf718d48ca9c41ebf73282a8f6d3491f3a", "meanings": [ "作用", "影响" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "日光は皮膚に作用する。", "zh": "阳光作用于皮肤。" }, { "ja": "酸は金属を含むものに作用する。", "zh": "酸对含金属的物质起作用。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/73affc28d7", "JMdict ent_seq 1298000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f530b4e16ba2019713155ae82a59251b023667cfed1fcec1b33c911989b33f65", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6eaf31b290", "word": "さらう", "reading": "さらう", "romaji": "sarau", "meanings": [ "to carry off", "to run away with", "to kidnap", "to abduct" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1593870, "other_forms": [ "攫う" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は全部の賞をさらって行った。", "en": "She carried off all the prizes.", "tatoeba_id": 88210 }, { "ja": "彼は岸から沖へと波にさらわれていった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{岸|きし}から{沖|おき}へと{波|なみ}にさらわれていった。", "en": "He was carried by the waves away from the shore and out to sea.", "tatoeba_id": 108713 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "45a71df8edb87bd5c8d73488bc6756b8c51721e268f01f1cb472099ea8fd6b77", "meanings": [ "掠走", "夺走" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は全部の賞をさらって行った。", "zh": "她把所有奖项都拿走了。" }, { "ja": "彼は岸から沖へと波にさらわれていった。", "zh": "他被浪从岸边卷向海里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6eaf31b290", "JMdict ent_seq 1593870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4627f754c761dee669603e3b08e6000a2e8c14a9164a33b193a3d53152694588", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5e5c2e2c1c", "word": "障る", "reading": "さわる", "romaji": "sawaru", "meanings": [ "to hinder", "to interfere with", "to affect", "to do one harm", "to be harmful to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1352050, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女の行動は本当に私の神経に障った。", "en": "Her behavior really got on my nerves.", "tatoeba_id": 94409 }, { "ja": "さくらの話し方って、私の神経に障るんだけど。", "en": "Sakura's way of speaking gets on my nerves.", "tatoeba_id": 216841 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "382d9db25216bec6af4d1c83ab248e9c90ad0b080d230de2746d9eeecfe60c88", "meanings": [ "妨碍", "令人烦躁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女の行動は本当に私の神経に障った。", "zh": "她的行为真的让我很烦。" }, { "ja": "さくらの話し方って、私の神経に障るんだけど。", "zh": "小樱的说话方式让我很烦。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5e5c2e2c1c", "JMdict ent_seq 1352050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bbaa65ea55b9112557c6083e89ee2f531823700dfe872439254967b83bf3cdac", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "50ffe65f74", "word": "さん", "reading": "さん", "romaji": "san", "meanings": [ "Mr or Mrs" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1005340, "examples": [ { "ja": "おつりはいらないよ、運転士さん。", "furigana": "おつりはいらないよ、{運転士|うんてんし}さん。", "en": "Keep the change, driver.", "tatoeba_id": 227626 }, { "ja": "美和子さん、こちらケニーさんです。", "en": "Miwako, I want you to meet Kenny.", "tatoeba_id": 85523 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9e8d78579fc21b8fd7a1f698f054543612383973ff741c6531fc360919d05dff", "meanings": [ "先生", "女士（敬称）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "おつりはいらないよ、運転士さん。", "zh": "司机师傅，不用找零了。" }, { "ja": "美和子さん、こちらケニーさんです。", "zh": "美和子，这位是肯尼。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/50ffe65f74", "JMdict ent_seq 1005340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4cf74d4862d368d8b7e0eae314dfd6acf2849e7997cba077ceaf59923148a04e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1fbd5e412c", "word": "酸", "reading": "さん", "romaji": "san", "meanings": [ "acid" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1304260, "examples": [ { "ja": "その物質は酸で処理しなければならない。", "furigana": "その{物質|ぶっしつ}は{酸|さん}で{処理|しょり}しなければならない。", "en": "The substance must be treated with acid.", "tatoeba_id": 206886 }, { "ja": "酸は金属を含むものに作用する。", "furigana": "{酸|さん}は{金属|きんぞく}を{含|ふく}むものに{作用|さよう}する。", "en": "Acid acts on things which contain metal.", "tatoeba_id": 169308 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3a9497878895f9b2c6e7e14891a7e84767a50d6a75a12714d55ac1c697fa5379", "meanings": [ "酸" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その物質は酸で処理しなければならない。", "zh": "那种物质必须用酸处理。" }, { "ja": "酸は金属を含むものに作用する。", "zh": "酸对含金属的物质起作用。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1fbd5e412c", "JMdict ent_seq 1304260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0b316d5fad1c0889579cd98fff485d301a806d442ac617af601adaf3e85d7387", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4d05f662c5", "word": "酸化", "reading": "さんか", "romaji": "sanka", "meanings": [ "oxidation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1304290, "examples": [ { "ja": "チョコレートにはＬＤＬの酸化を防止する力がある。", "furigana": "チョコレートにはＬＤＬの{酸化|さんか}を{防止|ぼうし}する{力|ちから}がある。", "en": "Chocolate acts to prevent LDL oxidisation.", "tatoeba_id": 74711 }, { "ja": "アルコールが酸化するとアルデヒドとなりますが、アルデヒドが酸化するとどうなりますか。", "furigana": "アルコールが{酸化|さんか}するとアルデヒドとなりますが、アルデヒドが{酸化|さんか}するとどうなりますか。", "en": "If you oxidise an alcohol you get an aldehyde but what do you get if you oxidise an aldehyde?", "tatoeba_id": 76886 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "98c9659b05eb7540c4aee07ce04f04af336a84830d3a466ca32de8d0403ce5ae", "meanings": [ "氧化" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "チョコレートにはＬＤＬの酸化を防止する力がある。", "zh": "巧克力有防止低密度脂蛋白氧化的能力。" }, { "ja": "アルコールが酸化するとアルデヒドとなりますが、アルデヒドが酸化するとどうなりますか。", "zh": "酒精氧化会变成醛，那么醛氧化会怎样？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4d05f662c5", "JMdict ent_seq 1304290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bf02c3362fe673d9bd639b1c33f6542969e336c480fbc263aa4bb48b20067387", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "427fb01f65", "word": "山岳", "reading": "さんがく", "romaji": "sangaku", "meanings": [ "mountains" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1302780, "examples": [ { "ja": "ついに病気で疲れた男たちは彼が待っている山岳都市に到着した。", "en": "Finally, the sick, tired men reached the mountain town where he was waiting.", "tatoeba_id": 202607 }, { "ja": "山岳救助隊は２４時間待機している。", "en": "The mountain rescue team is on call 24 hours a day.", "tatoeba_id": 74862 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3bdba5c5ea700be8908dd0a1ac2b42748ac8646137a936e7af6089cc62330ba4", "meanings": [ "山岳", "群山" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ついに病気で疲れた男たちは彼が待っている山岳都市に到着した。", "zh": "因病疲惫的男人们终于到达了他等待着的山城。" }, { "ja": "山岳救助隊は２４時間待機している。", "zh": "山岳救援队二十四小时待命。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/427fb01f65", "JMdict ent_seq 1302780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6b46c1dbeac375a1dbcb31e70ad571f99decad90dc8f5775243675f5dcdc68d5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "01c8c71035", "word": "参議院", "reading": "さんぎいん", "romaji": "sangiin", "meanings": [ "House of Councillors" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1302210, "examples": [ { "ja": "古参議員たちは、選挙で参議院の議席を失いそうになりました。", "furigana": "{古参|こさん}{議員|ぎいん}たちは、{選挙|せんきょ}で{参議院|さんぎいん}の{議席|ぎせき}を{失|うしな}いそうになりました。", "en": "The old guard was nearly voted out of the Upper House.", "tatoeba_id": 174599 }, { "ja": "参議院はどんな改正案も通さなくても構わないようです。", "furigana": "{参議院|さんぎいん}はどんな{改正案|かいせいあん}も{通|とお}さなくても{構|かま}わないようです。", "en": "The Upper House seems bent on defeating any reform bills.", "tatoeba_id": 169441 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "804f3ff75b4b344ef3fb81f1a0cf1142afe5644b37d2dc279092c22fdc281bdd", "meanings": [ "参议院" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "古参議員たちは、選挙で参議院の議席を失いそうになりました。", "zh": "资深议员们可能在选举中失去参议院席位。" }, { "ja": "参議院はどんな改正案も通さなくても構わないようです。", "zh": "参议院似乎不必通过任何修正案。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/01c8c71035", "JMdict ent_seq 1302210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b62a3617cf15a2f4e81fe1585a65f38727290b8251f0fca210ee7d66b7c71cac", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e7a2cf9e3c", "word": "サンキュー", "reading": "サンキュー", "romaji": "sankyuu", "meanings": [ "thank you" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "int" ], "jmdict_id": 1058250, "examples": [ { "ja": "手伝ってくれてサンキュー。", "en": "Thanks for helping me." }, { "ja": "サンキュー、助かったよ。", "en": "Thanks, that really helped." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e63108fc73a703b18a9cb78bb50649fa36d53d92fadcf0f3686803e055ba7df8", "meanings": [ "谢谢（口语）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "手伝ってくれてサンキュー。", "zh": "谢谢你帮忙。" }, { "ja": "サンキュー、助かったよ。", "zh": "谢谢，真是帮了大忙。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e7a2cf9e3c", "JMdict ent_seq 1058250; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "acd8ccfd75589256e97ad1dd6e5042e46198c78608db800089c825796a33d2e5" } }, { "id": "8dc7f3c5af", "word": "産休", "reading": "さんきゅう", "romaji": "sankyuu", "meanings": [ "maternity leave" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1303760, "examples": [ { "ja": "９月３０日から１０月１４日まで産休を取ります。", "en": "I'm taking maternity leave from September 30th to October 14th.", "tatoeba_id": 234919 }, { "ja": "彼女は来週から産休に入る。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{来週|らいしゅう}から{産休|さんきゅう}に{入|はい}る。", "en": "She will start her maternity leave next week.", "tatoeba_id": 86339 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "49b66bff0c70f9a10858c19dbbb59e1f25224cfb2d87df4e0b038052f572a14b", "meanings": [ "产假" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "９月３０日から１０月１４日まで産休を取ります。", "zh": "我从九月三十日到十月十四日休产假。" }, { "ja": "彼女は来週から産休に入る。", "zh": "她从下周开始休产假。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8dc7f3c5af", "JMdict ent_seq 1303760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e02bb3a561b51345e56a292d578aa83b1414270a6061c28a93d524b89675f6cb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5a574aee6b", "word": "残金", "reading": "ざんきん", "romaji": "zankin", "meanings": [ "remaining money" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1304570, "examples": [ { "ja": "残金は６月３０日までに御支払いします。", "en": "We will pay this amount by June 30.", "tatoeba_id": 169280 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "dd3b01fb4ba108ba70cc425693a914d924499e9fb4e993e13e9fcd58417fd068", "meanings": [ "余额", "剩余款项" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "残金は６月３０日までに御支払いします。", "zh": "剩余款项将在六月三十日之前支付。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5a574aee6b", "JMdict ent_seq 1304570; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8c4a06dba544ac035a16fde870cad3516d0d097155a57673abd52e80c62b6935" } }, { "id": "e44c56587f", "word": "産後", "reading": "さんご", "romaji": "sango", "meanings": [ "postpartum", "after childbirth" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1303790, "examples": [ { "ja": "女性は産後すぐに亡くなった。", "en": "The woman died shortly after giving birth.", "tatoeba_id": 8717157 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cfea0da8746d0db0912d05a3990b1a98925dccf5280aa792331b3dd7c6bf0c1f", "meanings": [ "产后" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "女性は産後すぐに亡くなった。", "zh": "那名女性在产后不久去世了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e44c56587f", "JMdict ent_seq 1303790; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f801a3026276b3e46892c10950e2116659df99eb03387838c5fa34e9672aa9a7" } }, { "id": "f5d9fdc3f4", "word": "残酷", "reading": "ざんこく", "romaji": "zankoku", "meanings": [ "cruelty", "harshness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1304600, "examples": [ { "ja": "怪物は残酷な微笑みを浮かべた。", "en": "The monster's smile was cruel.", "tatoeba_id": 185154 }, { "ja": "彼女は私には残酷そうに見える。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{私|わたし}には{残酷|ざんこく}そうに{見|み}える。", "en": "She appears to me to be cruel.", "tatoeba_id": 89541 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "237e3920013ec3ae1068292d080b905edf81cd298254a09a3a61b2ee131f0e66", "meanings": [ "残酷" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "怪物は残酷な微笑みを浮かべた。", "zh": "怪物露出残酷的微笑。" }, { "ja": "彼女は私には残酷そうに見える。", "zh": "她看起来对我很残酷。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f5d9fdc3f4", "JMdict ent_seq 1304600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4c8f6c28425a9d114e888d5c7a1f04786abb98278d46c83813e925d91f2fac2a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0730229418", "word": "産出", "reading": "さんしゅつ", "romaji": "sanshutsu", "meanings": [ "yield", "produce" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1303810, "examples": [ { "ja": "この畑は良質の作物を産出する。", "furigana": "この{畑|はたけ}は{良質|りょうしつ}の{作物|さくもつ}を{産出|さんしゅつ}する。", "en": "These fields produce fine crops.", "tatoeba_id": 220169 }, { "ja": "その油井はたくさんの原油を産出する。", "furigana": "その{油井|ゆせい}はたくさんの{原油|げんゆ}を{産出|さんしゅつ}する。", "en": "The well delivers a great deal of oil.", "tatoeba_id": 206290 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e8f4c90e902faa8c0390533d15bcd261fac6675c54f1e653e72ff75c261314c3", "meanings": [ "产出", "出产" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この畑は良質の作物を産出する。", "zh": "这块田地出产优质作物。" }, { "ja": "その油井はたくさんの原油を産出する。", "zh": "那口油井出产大量原油。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0730229418", "JMdict ent_seq 1303810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7cc4d85c6631b8964e0aa4b339195b9e8deca63eff7ec5c0d47e7d1b4cdc563a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e089e5d870", "word": "参照", "reading": "さんしょう", "romaji": "sanshou", "meanings": [ "reference", "consultation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1302410, "examples": [ { "ja": "１０項を参照して下さい。", "furigana": "１０{項|こう}を{参照|さんしょう}して{下|くだ}さい。", "en": "Please refer to paragraph ten.", "tatoeba_id": 236060 }, { "ja": "私はよくその辞書を参照する。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はよくその{辞書|じしょ}を{参照|さんしょう}する。", "en": "I often refer to the dictionary.", "tatoeba_id": 158663 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2db8741241b0861e8753daf6deadf4cd67b6da1792c6545b0ac06b70cfb4775e", "meanings": [ "参照" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "１０項を参照して下さい。", "zh": "请参照第十项。" }, { "ja": "私はよくその辞書を参照する。", "zh": "我经常查阅那部词典。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e089e5d870", "JMdict ent_seq 1302410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "91ba2bc716248619c93660894bedddb87fea9a8a33029362dcf311ec6a0683d6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "705dbe5e87", "word": "参上", "reading": "さんじょう", "romaji": "sanjou", "meanings": [ "calling on", "visiting" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1302440, "examples": [ { "ja": "腰痛のため、小泉さんのパーティー に参上いたしません。", "en": "Due to my lumbago, I won't be able to attend Koizumi's party.", "tatoeba_id": 409168 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9458b0f542ff92888835ca0c6097edd84cefa871e5f81d1027ca9297cf0aec78", "meanings": [ "拜访", "前往（自谦）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "腰痛のため、小泉さんのパーティー に参上いたしません。", "zh": "因为腰痛，我不去参加小泉先生的聚会。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/705dbe5e87", "JMdict ent_seq 1302440; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "57c30a5e1dd8eb158853e76aa6de48ab367d3f847cac96dbbe528fed91863744" } }, { "id": "392eca258a", "word": "残高", "reading": "ざんだか", "romaji": "zandaka", "meanings": [ "(bank) balance", "remainder" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1304590, "examples": [ { "ja": "私の預金残高はどうなっていますか。", "en": "What's the balance of my account?", "tatoeba_id": 162468 }, { "ja": "残高を教えてくれますか。", "furigana": "{残高|ざんだか}を{教|おし}えてくれますか。", "en": "Could you tell me my balance?", "tatoeba_id": 169278 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7e1a1e3884d9390edc636f6d690c2aa5e3be283e89c226e1954d83be1d5d2605", "meanings": [ "余额" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私の預金残高はどうなっていますか。", "zh": "我的存款余额还有多少？" }, { "ja": "残高を教えてくれますか。", "zh": "可以告诉我余额吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/392eca258a", "JMdict ent_seq 1304590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "46f2f82db3f82e30e7a5a079a10414bbad092e4805ab388c37bd8e0e40c5259b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ee63103aa9", "word": "サンタクロース", "reading": "サンタクロース", "romaji": "santakuroosu", "meanings": [ "Santa Claus" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1058420, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はサンタクロースの扮装をした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はサンタクロースの{扮装|ふんそう}をした。", "en": "He got himself up as Santa Claus.", "tatoeba_id": 113621 }, { "ja": "彼はサンタクロースを信じてるんだ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はサンタクロースを{信|しん}じてるんだ。", "en": "He believes in Santa Claus.", "tatoeba_id": 113618 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6780c3484301133f447f04982688c356af7958f18690ad4cb6cd724792aab253", "meanings": [ "圣诞老人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はサンタクロースの扮装をした。", "zh": "他装扮成圣诞老人。" }, { "ja": "彼はサンタクロースを信じてるんだ。", "zh": "他相信圣诞老人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ee63103aa9", "JMdict ent_seq 1058420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d8e749ed2837e2b7e9aeb926a409988c7bb11a30d3de0ece40035a0bbca1843e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6114f36b6b", "word": "桟橋", "reading": "さんばし", "romaji": "sanbashi", "meanings": [ "wharf", "bridge", "jetty", "pier" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1303650, "other_readings": [ "さんきょう" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "昔ここには桟橋があったんだ。", "en": "There used to be a pier here.", "tatoeba_id": 9187894 }, { "ja": "コンクリート桟橋なのですが、途中何カ所か崩壊しています。", "en": "It's a concrete bridge, but several places along its length have collapsed.", "tatoeba_id": 504002 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0fdb20170ac0bbc935e50130342867a09a8125cf429acb3f58eabb829c2dc61e", "meanings": [ "码头", "栈桥" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "昔ここには桟橋があったんだ。", "zh": "以前这里有座码头。" }, { "ja": "コンクリート桟橋なのですが、途中何カ所か崩壊しています。", "zh": "这是座混凝土码头，但中间有几处坍塌。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6114f36b6b", "JMdict ent_seq 1303650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f1915607c4f01aa7c8ccdaa31b9b32adfb188b68a82be3e78b2763369dda187b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6c40f292f8", "word": "賛美", "reading": "さんび", "romaji": "sanbi", "meanings": [ "praise", "adoration", "glorification" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1304240, "examples": [ { "ja": "外国人は富士山を賛美する。", "furigana": "{外国人|がいこくじん}は{富士山|ふじさん}を{賛美|さんび}する。", "en": "Foreigners admire Mt. Fuji.", "tatoeba_id": 184751 }, { "ja": "彼女の美貌は全校の賛美のまとだ。", "en": "Her beauty is the admiration of the whole school.", "tatoeba_id": 94034 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b34344fd54c83961cb99696b426cdcd9613e5e947c54a3ef40e7cdb54b703bab", "meanings": [ "赞美" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "外国人は富士山を賛美する。", "zh": "外国人赞美富士山。" }, { "ja": "彼女の美貌は全校の賛美のまとだ。", "zh": "她的美貌是全校赞美的对象。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6c40f292f8", "JMdict ent_seq 1304240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "80c6d61830a71240cb50f949c79b276fda98a9191b7d5625553f9d14cf460aa3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "dddbd253bb", "word": "山腹", "reading": "さんぷく", "romaji": "sanpuku", "meanings": [ "hillside", "mountainside" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1303150, "examples": [ { "ja": "僕らの大学の校舎は、今福岡市の北部の山腹に建築中です。", "en": "Our university building is now under construction on a hillside in the north of Fukuoka.", "tatoeba_id": 81714 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c509b9b42ae250018ecf439420116817fdfb44d5c9e2b2254dde8ecb8bd787fa", "meanings": [ "山腹", "山腰" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "僕らの大学の校舎は、今福岡市の北部の山腹に建築中です。", "zh": "我们大学的校舍正在福冈市北部的山腰建设。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dddbd253bb", "JMdict ent_seq 1303150; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5b24a89909b49379bc476a81381d2c983eda3668f4202c60d71ab9a9dbdfd282" } }, { "id": "adb0af83d2", "word": "産婦人科", "reading": "さんふじんか", "romaji": "sanfujinka", "meanings": [ "maternity and gynecology department" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1303850, "examples": [ { "ja": "最近、産婦人科の不足が問題になっているね。", "en": "Recently, shortages of obstetrics and gynecology specialists have become a problem.", "tatoeba_id": 13714065 }, { "ja": "産婦人科医が減っているのは出生数の減少で医療ニーズが低減したのを反映している。", "en": "The reduction in obstetricians and gynecologists is a reflection of the decrease in births, thus reducing need for medical care.", "tatoeba_id": 76112 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6fdb9d1d6cb117fbe42042870952740f23a38d10cd282419c27b8cb64ecd1ef1", "meanings": [ "妇产科" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "最近、産婦人科の不足が問題になっているね。", "zh": "最近妇产科不足成了问题。" }, { "ja": "産婦人科医が減っているのは出生数の減少で医療ニーズが低減したのを反映している。", "zh": "妇产科医生减少反映了出生人数减少带来的医疗需求下降。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/adb0af83d2", "JMdict ent_seq 1303850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f4be027224ee806fcbebf2ce0ea794e10ffd623e37994a7e80fe84c05c179dd6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c3e8729b86", "word": "産物", "reading": "さんぶつ", "romaji": "sanbutsu", "meanings": [ "product", "result", "fruit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1303870, "examples": [ { "ja": "コーヒーはブラジルの主要産物である。", "en": "Coffee is Brazil's main product.", "tatoeba_id": 224909 }, { "ja": "その展覧会は彼の想像力の産物だった。", "furigana": "その{展覧会|てんらんかい}は{彼|かれ}の{想像力|そうぞうりょく}の{産物|さんぶつ}だった。", "en": "The exhibition was a product of his imagination.", "tatoeba_id": 207667 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "66b7c0eb090537de75a364d257492f52edf92e3da1b8be9718bd8d127f4fe483", "meanings": [ "产物", "成果" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "コーヒーはブラジルの主要産物である。", "zh": "咖啡是巴西的主要产品。" }, { "ja": "その展覧会は彼の想像力の産物だった。", "zh": "那场展览是他想象力的产物。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c3e8729b86", "JMdict ent_seq 1303870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1d3e95df54833d20cc25f5050f9eab4fb175e7aae9e46449104683dbcf0543ff", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "92c0bddf4b", "word": "山脈", "reading": "さんみゃく", "romaji": "sanmyaku", "meanings": [ "mountain range" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1303190, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は山脈を見た。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{山脈|さんみゃく}を{見|み}た。", "en": "I saw a chain of mountains.", "tatoeba_id": 156653 }, { "ja": "あの山脈の名前は何と言いますか。", "en": "What's the name of the mountain range?", "tatoeba_id": 230991 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7e30bfe4b1e038d158eb139d5f9091c41ea59895fa1227c4baf1f65b9885d63c", "meanings": [ "山脉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は山脈を見た。", "zh": "我看到了山脉。" }, { "ja": "あの山脈の名前は何と言いますか。", "zh": "那条山脉叫什么名字？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/92c0bddf4b", "JMdict ent_seq 1303190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0cc5e745cc21185811ff373f96e92e6bdb4ffd63253e2e80b7897b26dbb06d0a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ee1a37fa61", "word": "死", "reading": "し", "romaji": "shi", "meanings": [ "death", "decease" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1310720, "examples": [ { "ja": "人は生まれるやいなや、死に向かう。", "furigana": "{人|ひと}は{生|う}まれるやいなや、{死|し}に{向|む}かう。", "en": "As soon as man is born, he begins to die.", "tatoeba_id": 144470 }, { "ja": "又しても死を免れることができた。", "furigana": "{又|また}しても{死|し}を{免|まぬが}れることができた。", "en": "Again I was able to escape death.", "tatoeba_id": 81213 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1e6eccf0f537f46929e5537c8eb6a13e0ff5ad6fa26c0188095a99af8ce13b1e", "meanings": [ "死亡" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人は生まれるやいなや、死に向かう。", "zh": "人一出生就走向死亡。" }, { "ja": "又しても死を免れることができた。", "zh": "又一次躲过了死亡。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ee1a37fa61", "JMdict ent_seq 1310720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "08430cfdf52d6a2dd6f48ed24676f3a2ed98601fc13b74ad6bdb0809b5019641", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "966e181cea", "word": "次", "reading": "じ", "romaji": "ji", "meanings": [ "order", "sequence", "times", "next", "below" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1579580, "examples": [ { "ja": "画像をクリックすると次ページへ移ります！", "furigana": "{画像|がぞう}をクリックすると{次|じ}ページへ{移|うつ}ります！", "en": "Click the picture to go to the next page!", "tatoeba_id": 74447 }, { "ja": "第２次世界大戦は、いつ起こったか。", "en": "When did World War II break out?", "tatoeba_id": 137227 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4d972b2e3ca563c339c394b6b208df3b4d9cfeddf1141a0670e7a2e13ec19e85", "meanings": [ "次", "下一个" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "画像をクリックすると次ページへ移ります！", "zh": "点击图片会进入下一页！" }, { "ja": "第２次世界大戦は、いつ起こったか。", "zh": "第二次世界大战是什么时候发生的？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/966e181cea", "JMdict ent_seq 1579580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c4839cdd188e6a0d70c1d2dd1a2ff026f9eccbefcb37f3fe0bad6df70f2d24d1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bc5b286310", "word": "仕上がり", "reading": "しあがり", "romaji": "shiagari", "meanings": [ "finish", "end", "completion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1305120, "examples": [ { "ja": "素敵な仕上がりだわ。", "en": "You have done a wonderful job.", "tatoeba_id": 140624 }, { "ja": "仕上がりをよくするためにはペンキを２回塗りなさい。", "en": "Apply two coats of the paint for a good finish.", "tatoeba_id": 169014 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a6a2e7e6cbdce3abd3808c7b0a1ed43b62dd1997dfedbd15653c26b9906401be", "meanings": [ "完成情况", "成品" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "素敵な仕上がりだわ。", "zh": "成品真漂亮。" }, { "ja": "仕上がりをよくするためにはペンキを２回塗りなさい。", "zh": "为了获得好的成品效果，请刷两遍漆。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bc5b286310", "JMdict ent_seq 1305120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "30a25a50ed51cee6dddba325d982046146f425f18f939293470b824fa149b3f3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "42b43ce436", "word": "仕上げ", "reading": "しあげ", "romaji": "shiage", "meanings": [ "end", "finishing touches", "being finished" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1594040, "examples": [ { "ja": "仕上げの筆を少し加える。", "furigana": "{仕上|しあ}げの{筆|ふで}を{少|すこ}し{加|くわ}える。", "en": "I add a few finishing touches.", "tatoeba_id": 169013 }, { "ja": "今、最後の仕上げをするところです。", "furigana": "{今|いま}、{最後|さいご}の{仕上|しあ}げをするところです。", "en": "I'm adding the finishing touches now.", "tatoeba_id": 172408 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "25135a8928358951197fea50cc1a56a610a5cdd8b2cfa5f27aa44abf614ec86d", "meanings": [ "收尾", "最后加工" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "仕上げの筆を少し加える。", "zh": "再加上几笔作为收尾。" }, { "ja": "今、最後の仕上げをするところです。", "zh": "现在正要做最后的收尾工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/42b43ce436", "JMdict ent_seq 1594040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ecb4c9a967d2ab940cd80c3a6c9074d7cd9b78dd2d87d3ece7d4ac741f00ff88", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4f03a7c46d", "word": "仕上げる", "reading": "しあげる", "romaji": "shiageru", "meanings": [ "to finish up", "to complete" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1305140, "examples": [ { "ja": "ユミは１日でそれを仕上げられません。", "en": "Yumi can't finish it in a day.", "tatoeba_id": 192940 }, { "ja": "彼らは協力してその絵を仕上げた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{協力|きょうりょく}してその{絵|え}を{仕上|しあ}げた。", "en": "They completed the picture hand in hand.", "tatoeba_id": 97330 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7cf49112deb477b45779e75735b18549dc9909c0885e8f9a4d235f373ade0bce", "meanings": [ "完成", "做完" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ユミは１日でそれを仕上げられません。", "zh": "由美一天内完成不了那个。" }, { "ja": "彼らは協力してその絵を仕上げた。", "zh": "他们合作完成了那幅画。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4f03a7c46d", "JMdict ent_seq 1305140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1efd1919fdccdae4b75ecb7bd2c2fc17379d28792140694e9968adebb1df6759", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "da8dd04cb6", "word": "飼育", "reading": "しいく", "romaji": "shiiku", "meanings": [ "breeding", "raising", "rearing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1312980, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は牛の飼育の仕方を知った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{牛|うし}の{飼育|しいく}の{仕方|しかた}を{知|し}った。", "en": "He learned how to raise cattle.", "tatoeba_id": 108431 }, { "ja": "彼は牛と馬を飼育している。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{牛|うし}と{馬|うま}を{飼育|しいく}している。", "en": "He breeds cattle and horses.", "tatoeba_id": 108433 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "612612cd5bf61e00e93a802fbdd8dad65201ac64e40ef8fcdbab92f0d17cb70e", "meanings": [ "饲养" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は牛の飼育の仕方を知った。", "zh": "他学会了养牛的方法。" }, { "ja": "彼は牛と馬を飼育している。", "zh": "他饲养牛和马。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/da8dd04cb6", "JMdict ent_seq 1312980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4bdba853b1f1cb4ee6b4110f2b5450607b3de162be8dbe46f2d1545c014f5dc8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "863a775a01", "word": "強いて", "reading": "しいて", "romaji": "shiite", "meanings": [ "by force" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1236080, "examples": [ { "ja": "これと言って趣味はないんですが、強いて言えば、音楽鑑賞ですかね。", "en": "I don't know if you'd call it a hobby, but to stretch it a little, you could say music appreciation is my hobby.", "tatoeba_id": 218742 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3b8f3057a0963d71bef08604f025ae58550849860702821138a468556100eff9", "meanings": [ "勉强", "一定要说的话" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これと言って趣味はないんですが、強いて言えば、音楽鑑賞ですかね。", "zh": "我没什么特别的爱好，勉强要说的话，大概是听音乐吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/863a775a01", "JMdict ent_seq 1236080; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "強いて言えば表示勉强要说的话；也可表示强行。", "review_hash": "fdc870392c9e7959b472525d9fd4328c9cab9cc497f4cb480f0658fe95bfcdc0" } }, { "id": "1b60cfb2ae", "word": "シート", "reading": "シート", "romaji": "shiito", "meanings": [ "seat", "sheet" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1059450, "examples": [ { "ja": "車のシートに座った。", "en": "I sat in the car seat." }, { "ja": "机にビニールシートを敷いた。", "en": "I laid a plastic sheet on the desk." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "61bf9b62ab3d5cfe32c65c40f6db48c2758e1480715bbbc39b1f543b64b5e4ba", "meanings": [ "座椅", "薄片", "垫布" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "車のシートに座った。", "zh": "我坐在汽车座椅上。" }, { "ja": "机にビニールシートを敷いた。", "zh": "我在桌上铺了塑料薄垫。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1b60cfb2ae", "JMdict ent_seq 1059450; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "033e848b8b45b3d4c53ef128860991fc510bb42481457439ca653661ec32510d" } }, { "id": "3d353fdf0a", "word": "ジーパン", "reading": "ジーパン", "romaji": "jiipan", "meanings": [ "jeans (lit: jeans pants)", "dungarees" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1064050, "examples": [ { "ja": "兄は私にジーパンをくれた。", "furigana": "{兄|あに}は{私|わたし}にジーパンをくれた。", "en": "My brother gave me a pair of jeans.", "tatoeba_id": 176590 }, { "ja": "ジーパンはみんな売り切れました。", "furigana": "ジーパンはみんな{売|う}り{切|き}れました。", "en": "We are sold out of jeans.", "tatoeba_id": 216588 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a67e021d69d85dac43f95ffd2de2356980444ee28d89ed3c200a577f88a326e7", "meanings": [ "牛仔裤" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "兄は私にジーパンをくれた。", "zh": "哥哥给了我牛仔裤。" }, { "ja": "ジーパンはみんな売り切れました。", "zh": "牛仔裤都卖完了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3d353fdf0a", "JMdict ent_seq 1064050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a97d581afcea8d25aff06a0029b6b933a49c37d1578dc9ec61e4583ee7600057", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f63ec8688f", "word": "強いる", "reading": "しいる", "romaji": "shiiru", "meanings": [ "to force", "to compel", "to coerce" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1236100, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは我々に服従を強いた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{我々|われわれ}に{服従|ふくじゅう}を{強|し}いた。", "en": "They enforced obedience upon us.", "tatoeba_id": 97438 }, { "ja": "守備隊は降伏を強いられた。", "furigana": "{守備隊|しゅびたい}は{降伏|こうふく}を{強|し}いられた。", "en": "The garrison was forced to surrender.", "tatoeba_id": 148667 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e65278ad8265f23d2ad524236fdbecfdfbb3b985b230656633b9b1ce3ae5026d", "meanings": [ "强迫" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは我々に服従を強いた。", "zh": "他们强迫我们服从。" }, { "ja": "守備隊は降伏を強いられた。", "zh": "守军被迫投降。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f63ec8688f", "JMdict ent_seq 1236100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e263bd5b90a4b78af52f2b2263b53cc990388cf98dd314e3bf0eaf910bfc99bc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7ff4bf42f4", "word": "仕入れる", "reading": "しいれる", "romaji": "shiireru", "meanings": [ "to lay in stock", "to replenish stock", "to procure" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1305310, "examples": [ { "ja": "私達は原料をマレーシアから仕入れている。", "en": "We get the materials from Malaysia.", "tatoeba_id": 151561 }, { "ja": "小売商人は卸しで仕入れて小売りで売る。", "en": "A retail merchant buys wholesale and sells retail.", "tatoeba_id": 146895 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2d7fcd5509926a61d54216259efda0f95c150148fd8d1670c135a8b08d9dbda7", "meanings": [ "进货", "采购" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私達は原料をマレーシアから仕入れている。", "zh": "我们从马来西亚采购原料。" }, { "ja": "小売商人は卸しで仕入れて小売りで売る。", "zh": "零售商批发进货、零售出售。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7ff4bf42f4", "JMdict ent_seq 1305310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c1cf4c194be9df46de1bf57b9a1ad8ccc976c82c98b66ac14146e83885ad4006", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6f65d17ebd", "word": "歯科", "reading": "しか", "romaji": "shika", "meanings": [ "dentistry" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1313110, "examples": [ { "ja": "歯科で歯を診てもらった。", "en": "I had my teeth examined at the dentist." }, { "ja": "この病院には歯科があります。", "en": "This hospital has a dentistry department." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9dbb1fbca40db48e84923a8f90d55f0fc018e09cc8d33e24ae92fcdd1191afcb", "meanings": [ "牙科", "口腔科" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "歯科で歯を診てもらった。", "zh": "我在牙科检查了牙齿。" }, { "ja": "この病院には歯科があります。", "zh": "这家医院有牙科。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6f65d17ebd", "JMdict ent_seq 1313110; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8b3f33a03f245f80598075c641b729fcfa0ed5ddc0d0654f98dfce55326e9544" } }, { "id": "69d6bca427", "word": "自我", "reading": "じが", "romaji": "jiga", "meanings": [ "self", "the ego" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1317460, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは喜びのあまりすっかり自我をわすれた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{喜|よろこ}びのあまりすっかり{自我|じが}をわすれた。", "en": "They were quite beside themselves with joy.", "tatoeba_id": 97372 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9afced0841c761c46e6f4605f085c521d53ff6f866cb92e009c1bf4d76441807", "meanings": [ "自我", "自我意识" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは喜びのあまりすっかり自我をわすれた。", "zh": "他们高兴得完全忘了自我。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/69d6bca427", "JMdict ent_seq 1317460; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "da5eb6ce6212fc5a1954e54649a9f2ef313bb7ae0edbd09cf88f8d4dd459e9a8" } }, { "id": "82f87e36f1", "word": "市街", "reading": "しがい", "romaji": "shigai", "meanings": [ "urban areas", "the streets", "town", "city" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1308190, "examples": [ { "ja": "地下鉄は、市街電車よりはやい。", "furigana": "{地下鉄|ちかてつ}は、{市街|しがい}{電車|でんしゃ}よりはやい。", "en": "The subway is faster than the streetcar.", "tatoeba_id": 127007 }, { "ja": "市街にはいくぶん平和があった。", "furigana": "{市街|しがい}にはいくぶん{平和|へいわ}があった。", "en": "In the town there was a measure of peace.", "tatoeba_id": 168361 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "17d0aa39028c6b23d012a6c51bbb3512c4c2c5cbe3bf0893f379b61c6b12ad4f", "meanings": [ "市区", "街道" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "地下鉄は、市街電車よりはやい。", "zh": "地铁比市区电车快。" }, { "ja": "市街にはいくぶん平和があった。", "zh": "市区稍微平静了一些。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/82f87e36f1", "JMdict ent_seq 1308190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5880d495d8d0eacb1b52b771b556e049432cbe0a3888130ac4bb8cc6fdb054c2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "56d9848db1", "word": "視覚", "reading": "しかく", "romaji": "shikaku", "meanings": [ "sense of sight", "vision" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1312010, "examples": [ { "ja": "視覚は五感の１つである。", "furigana": "{視覚|しかく}は{五感|ごかん}の１つである。", "en": "Sight is one of the five senses.", "tatoeba_id": 151182 }, { "ja": "その舞台は観客の視覚に訴えるものである。", "furigana": "その{舞台|ぶたい}は{観客|かんきゃく}の{視覚|しかく}に{訴|うった}えるものである。", "en": "The production has visual appeal for the audience.", "tatoeba_id": 207003 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3f155845e40f6f58f2646019d5a9559cce6859fff579ec9be459d5d20443ebff", "meanings": [ "视觉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "視覚は五感の１つである。", "zh": "视觉是五感之一。" }, { "ja": "その舞台は観客の視覚に訴えるものである。", "zh": "那个舞台作品诉诸观众的视觉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/56d9848db1", "JMdict ent_seq 1312010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6cd1c4c7726f4dea6c632e1707b52889e34c7828f21fffc5e5391f617fb7a23e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8b7f4fc480", "word": "資格", "reading": "しかく", "romaji": "shikaku", "meanings": [ "qualifications", "requirements", "capabilities" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1312690, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼には弁護士の資格がある。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}には{弁護士|べんごし}の{資格|しかく}がある。", "en": "He is qualified as a solicitor.", "tatoeba_id": 118748 }, { "ja": "彼女は看護婦の資格を持っている。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{看護婦|かんごふ}の{資格|しかく}を{持|も}っている。", "en": "She is qualified as a nurse.", "tatoeba_id": 90651 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "daf544e827c45154cf36b2f55f0151c3f725a002e5b701e75bd06a47f4d42d0d", "meanings": [ "资格" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼には弁護士の資格がある。", "zh": "他有律师资格。" }, { "ja": "彼女は看護婦の資格を持っている。", "zh": "她有护士资格。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8b7f4fc480", "JMdict ent_seq 1312690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6511dc111f24566b742309a426a04e7a82696441701470712fe4e3a17aa62cd4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "46d28a7430", "word": "自覚", "reading": "じかく", "romaji": "jikaku", "meanings": [ "self-conscious" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1317490, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は社会人としての自覚に欠ける。", "en": "He lacks consciousness that he is a member of society.", "tatoeba_id": 104693 }, { "ja": "自分たちの欠点を自覚するべきです。", "furigana": "{自分|じぶん}たちの{欠点|けってん}を{自覚|じかく}するべきです。", "en": "We should be conscious of our shortcomings.", "tatoeba_id": 149978 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "22dbb69b427152a71941bfb4658a5b04e429c92791fd0b72719d40bfe67e7174", "meanings": [ "自觉", "认识到" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は社会人としての自覚に欠ける。", "zh": "他缺乏作为社会人士的自觉。" }, { "ja": "自分たちの欠点を自覚するべきです。", "zh": "应该认识到自己的缺点。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/46d28a7430", "JMdict ent_seq 1317490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "31b87660fbffed803d4254c576bfbd58fdaab4ac8149cbc23f6d96dd3dd2b55b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "af09a2fb2b", "word": "仕掛け", "reading": "しかけ", "romaji": "shikake", "meanings": [ "device", "trick", "mechanism", "gadget", "(small) scale", "half finished", "commencement", "set up", "challenge" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1594100, "examples": [ { "ja": "この仕掛けはスイッチで動く。", "furigana": "この{仕掛|しか}けはスイッチで{動|うご}く。", "en": "This device is actuated by a switch.", "tatoeba_id": 221847 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3afc4895246c7ba88f75cc3a9c79b0b54d1addff50fd25fd3a9e3019a47c27ae", "meanings": [ "装置", "机关", "设计" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この仕掛けはスイッチで動く。", "zh": "这个装置由开关驱动。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/af09a2fb2b", "JMdict ent_seq 1594100; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0accc5fd918f3391669f8bf236999f8fc4c7bcfecce06dacfa3d3297439740e4" } }, { "id": "0c73fbec8d", "word": "仕掛ける", "reading": "しかける", "romaji": "shikakeru", "meanings": [ "to commence", "to lay (mines)", "to set (traps)", "to wage (war)", "to challenge" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1304820, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその動物をとらえるためにわなをしかけた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{動物|どうぶつ}をとらえるためにわなをしかけた。", "en": "He set a trap to catch the animal.", "tatoeba_id": 112482 }, { "ja": "警察は時限爆弾が仕掛けられているという通報で現場に急行した。", "furigana": "{警察|けいさつ}は{時限爆弾|じげんばくだん}が{仕掛|しか}けられているという{通報|つうほう}で{現場|げんば}に{急行|きゅうこう}した。", "en": "Police rushed to the scene on the tip that a time bomb was planted.", "tatoeba_id": 176167 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b48eeaa11e4e2b7335124b0523728d28082d12117261a3f1cbcf4d801ac3d28d", "meanings": [ "设置", "挑起" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその動物をとらえるためにわなをしかけた。", "zh": "他设置陷阱来捕捉那只动物。" }, { "ja": "警察は時限爆弾が仕掛けられているという通報で現場に急行した。", "zh": "警方接到有定时炸弹的通报，赶到了现场。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0c73fbec8d", "JMdict ent_seq 1304820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ef2317234b31e8f4e521bf220fd0d842db8d796faa444ebf8d09b3be8299ce02", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "64778c95f5", "word": "しかしながら", "reading": "しかしながら", "romaji": "shikashinagara", "meanings": [ "nevertheless", "however" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "conj" ], "jmdict_id": 1506000, "examples": [ { "ja": "しかしながら、品物の数が誤っていました。", "furigana": "しかしながら、{品物|しなもの}の{数|かず}が{誤|あやま}っていました。", "en": "However, the quantity was not correct.", "tatoeba_id": 216253 }, { "ja": "しかしながら、高すぎる。", "furigana": "しかしながら、{高|たか}すぎる。", "en": "However, it is too expensive.", "tatoeba_id": 216263 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b4390deb0d271528be72c6ab58b6f6b87f1a09cbb95b76f8491476107affc552", "meanings": [ "然而", "但是" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "しかしながら、品物の数が誤っていました。", "zh": "然而，货物数量错了。" }, { "ja": "しかしながら、高すぎる。", "zh": "但是太贵了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/64778c95f5", "JMdict ent_seq 1506000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6ea4bb48f2565e483024ed2c829ad084f5be193a153261d3b8aea520da80d159", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "26c17d8895", "word": "地方", "reading": "じかた", "romaji": "jikata", "meanings": [ "musical accompanist", "shore", "countryside" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2796690, "examples": [ { "ja": "踊りは地方の演奏に合わせて進んだ。", "en": "The dance proceeded to the accompaniment of the musicians." }, { "ja": "地方が三味線を演奏した。", "en": "The accompanist played the shamisen." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "147bcbd36003dc99980e7d0223e5b3d06f8fa96d32f5a1e1e537254b7d040952", "meanings": [ "伴奏乐师", "岸边", "乡村" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "踊りは地方の演奏に合わせて進んだ。", "zh": "舞蹈伴随着乐师的演奏进行。" }, { "ja": "地方が三味線を演奏した。", "zh": "伴奏乐师演奏了三味线。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/26c17d8895", "JMdict ent_seq 2796690; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "じかた在传统舞蹈中指负责演唱或伴奏的人；普通地区义通常读ちほう。", "review_hash": "b4865f89b2c0494d2de410a0a0ab0080b2a8e52999315cad2a4681a29ee07532" } }, { "id": "db8eb581ea", "word": "指揮", "reading": "しき", "romaji": "shiki", "meanings": [ "command", "direction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1309700, "examples": [ { "ja": "指揮者はオーケストラの指揮をする。", "furigana": "{指揮者|しきしゃ}はオーケストラの{指揮|しき}をする。", "en": "A conductor directs an orchestra.", "tatoeba_id": 168237 }, { "ja": "彼女は計画の立案を指揮した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{計画|けいかく}の{立案|りつあん}を{指揮|しき}した。", "en": "She directed the planning of the project.", "tatoeba_id": 90334 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "33f10384dfae0c9add5908bdb7d1b9928ddba43c55fae3cde69b981bb39ec97b", "meanings": [ "指挥" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "指揮者はオーケストラの指揮をする。", "zh": "指挥指挥管弦乐团。" }, { "ja": "彼女は計画の立案を指揮した。", "zh": "她主持制定计划。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/db8eb581ea", "JMdict ent_seq 1309700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "30e13cfe8cb3fa2b7664cacd8bb45c88210bbd76d97ed27b6be85650d62e4204", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0e7b5df019", "word": "磁器", "reading": "じき", "romaji": "jiki", "meanings": [ "porcelain", "china" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1316980, "examples": [ { "ja": "白い磁器の皿を買った。", "en": "I bought a white porcelain plate." }, { "ja": "この磁器は薄くて軽い。", "en": "This porcelain is thin and light." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0474cb9709bfdcc8a201db169b174dc1c36c4b207b5ece1e6daf8edc558c5b31", "meanings": [ "瓷器" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "白い磁器の皿を買った。", "zh": "我买了白瓷盘。" }, { "ja": "この磁器は薄くて軽い。", "zh": "这种瓷器又薄又轻。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0e7b5df019", "JMdict ent_seq 1316980; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5870c83436d8e06cb1bd441e693ef69a74bc84c1a2140468fac97f78cd299dc1" } }, { "id": "ba9a20ea9f", "word": "磁気", "reading": "じき", "romaji": "jiki", "meanings": [ "magnetism" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1316990, "examples": [ { "ja": "その機械は磁気の力で動く。", "furigana": "その{機械|きかい}は{磁気|じき}の{力|ちから}で{動|うご}く。", "en": "Magnetic force drives the mechanism.", "tatoeba_id": 211539 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f8663485a4e9a343a3ed6535f70cac77c42939e78aabedc256c17103e964c43a", "meanings": [ "磁性", "磁力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その機械は磁気の力で動く。", "zh": "那台机器靠磁力运转。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ba9a20ea9f", "JMdict ent_seq 1316990; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cfbdbd01f6154ef372ae920d3f9061d89aebd6fb1b75e1c6fa3fcfde2bbc01d3" } }, { "id": "12b0fc3312", "word": "色彩", "reading": "しきさい", "romaji": "shikisai", "meanings": [ "colour", "hue", "tints" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1357720, "examples": [ { "ja": "雄のくじゃくは尾の羽毛が色彩豊かである。", "furigana": "{雄|おす}のくじゃくは{尾|お}の{羽毛|うもう}が{色彩|しきさい}{豊|ゆた}かである。", "en": "The male peacock has colorful tail feathers.", "tatoeba_id": 79151 }, { "ja": "芸術家は色彩に対する目を持っていなければならない。", "furigana": "{芸術家|げいじゅつか}は{色彩|しきさい}に{対|たい}する{目|め}を{持|も}っていなければならない。", "en": "An artist must have an eye for color.", "tatoeba_id": 176025 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b73cd2836eb46b03e8df942e72c2961ea9d18f8a1cf75ad86d677e859c23efc8", "meanings": [ "色彩" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "雄のくじゃくは尾の羽毛が色彩豊かである。", "zh": "雄孔雀尾羽色彩丰富。" }, { "ja": "芸術家は色彩に対する目を持っていなければならない。", "zh": "艺术家必须有辨识色彩的眼光。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/12b0fc3312", "JMdict ent_seq 1357720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "16874bbe4ccce6f67bd835f4d37ee05344a0651df22ac04e6ea2a51e46a5c4fd", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0c606e7a79", "word": "式場", "reading": "しきじょう", "romaji": "shikijou", "meanings": [ "ceremonial hall", "place of ceremony (e.g. marriage)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1319090, "examples": [ { "ja": "結婚式の式場を予約した。", "en": "We reserved a wedding venue." }, { "ja": "式場に多くの人が集まった。", "en": "Many people gathered at the ceremony venue." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "dbf8b3cbf23454043d5713788a7dd3c6f49f4601a2c7e3d1650c4ffac5b72bf4", "meanings": [ "仪式场地", "典礼会场" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "結婚式の式場を予約した。", "zh": "我们预订了婚礼场地。" }, { "ja": "式場に多くの人が集まった。", "zh": "很多人聚集在典礼会场。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0c606e7a79", "JMdict ent_seq 1319090; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ab1ef77ab0c3eb3ef1e5d4e9fbda782849a845fccf2c89b654dd8cacfcfe426b" } }, { "id": "299764879b", "word": "しきたり", "reading": "しきたり", "romaji": "shikitari", "meanings": [ "customs" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1594160, "other_forms": [ "為来り" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はそのしきたりをよく知っている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はそのしきたりをよく{知|し}っている。", "en": "He is acquainted with the custom.", "tatoeba_id": 113178 }, { "ja": "コーヒー休みは米国のしきたりである。", "furigana": "コーヒー{休|やす}みは{米国|べいこく}のしきたりである。", "en": "The coffee break is an American institution.", "tatoeba_id": 224846 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e20bccd0b04215dc17d0c181d9cee7647f3b9d4d0497609a1ebeef4988b5acb5", "meanings": [ "习俗", "规矩" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はそのしきたりをよく知っている。", "zh": "他很熟悉那项习俗。" }, { "ja": "コーヒー休みは米国のしきたりである。", "zh": "咖啡休息是美国的习惯。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/299764879b", "JMdict ent_seq 1594160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c754fa35475ba6bf1b91ea51f2c4cf593a90ae7c864dbbf38b5e60656547f3df", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ae6a0942f1", "word": "事業", "reading": "じぎょう", "romaji": "jigyou", "meanings": [ "project", "enterprise", "business", "industry", "operations" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1313670, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は社会福祉事業に従事している。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{社会福祉|しゃかいふくし}{事業|じぎょう}に{従事|じゅうじ}している。", "en": "She is engaged in social work.", "tatoeba_id": 88903 }, { "ja": "父はこの事業を４０年前に始めた。", "en": "Father established his business 40 years ago.", "tatoeba_id": 84729 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c21d8e3e1872d1d86f9db2ae6800daeac04ca86dca8a7da3a8652e05b3ea1df5", "meanings": [ "事业", "业务" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は社会福祉事業に従事している。", "zh": "她从事社会福利事业。" }, { "ja": "父はこの事業を４０年前に始めた。", "zh": "父亲四十年前开始了这项事业。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ae6a0942f1", "JMdict ent_seq 1313670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "36fd961422fe16fdbfebc79b743c7bb2ce8040ac720fe490243dbe1ed4d0594f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "af52de6f58", "word": "仕切る", "reading": "しきる", "romaji": "shikiru", "meanings": [ "to partition", "to divide", "to mark off", "to settle accounts", "to toe the mark" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1305180, "examples": [ { "ja": "庭は柵で小道と仕切られている。", "furigana": "{庭|にわ}は{柵|さく}で{小道|こみち}と{仕切|しき}られている。", "en": "The garden is railed off from the path.", "tatoeba_id": 125488 }, { "ja": "部長の都合が悪くなってしまったので、飲み会の日程は仕切り直しだね。", "furigana": "{部長|ぶちょう}の{都合|つごう}が{悪|わる}くなってしまったので、{飲|の}み{会|かい}の{日程|にってい}は{仕切|しき}り{直|なお}しだね。", "en": "We'll have to organize the drinking party all over again as the section chief can't make it now.", "tatoeba_id": 84077 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2a408db318e0b0cab6061a15c0a32db71caa1111840c07d8e805b7a9db7af564", "meanings": [ "隔开", "主持" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "庭は柵で小道と仕切られている。", "zh": "花园用栅栏与小路隔开。" }, { "ja": "部長の都合が悪くなってしまったので、飲み会の日程は仕切り直しだね。", "zh": "部长有事不能来，聚餐日期要重新安排了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/af52de6f58", "JMdict ent_seq 1305180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c6076a5ee85bd4a53716d9d2e2ab8ffb1c8fcae82e991ff51a6eec543ced00ec", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "230b57c6b3", "word": "資金", "reading": "しきん", "romaji": "shikin", "meanings": [ "funds", "capital" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1312700, "examples": [ { "ja": "その計画には資金が不足していた。", "furigana": "その{計画|けいかく}には{資金|しきん}が{不足|ふそく}していた。", "en": "Money for the plan was lacking.", "tatoeba_id": 211286 }, { "ja": "資金のことを心配する必要はない。", "furigana": "{資金|しきん}のことを{心配|しんぱい}する{必要|ひつよう}はない。", "en": "There is no need to worry about funds.", "tatoeba_id": 150999 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6603c0f85f7a49d0bc9bedd2af557af48db07120acb2ca0faf33f0686c3dcd6f", "meanings": [ "资金" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その計画には資金が不足していた。", "zh": "那项计划缺少资金。" }, { "ja": "資金のことを心配する必要はない。", "zh": "不必担心资金。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/230b57c6b3", "JMdict ent_seq 1312700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e7d70f306eee7950d7c787f2e79e3f83241e365260f62cc224070e820407957c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7e7a810b78", "word": "軸", "reading": "じく", "romaji": "jiku", "meanings": [ "axis", "stem", "shaft", "axle" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1319180, "examples": [ { "ja": "その小説は南北戦争を軸にしている。", "furigana": "その{小説|しょうせつ}は{南北戦争|なんぼくせんそう}を{軸|じく}にしている。", "en": "The novel is centered on the Civil War.", "tatoeba_id": 209259 }, { "ja": "彼は軸のような重要な役割を演じた。", "en": "He played an important part like an axis.", "tatoeba_id": 104767 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9dff51f0d02e6cd1e1be9e14c6c2a10d9546c08a7fc9d493d7b550d0b1477353", "meanings": [ "轴", "核心" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その小説は南北戦争を軸にしている。", "zh": "那部小说以南北战争为主线。" }, { "ja": "彼は軸のような重要な役割を演じた。", "zh": "他起到了核心般的重要作用。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7e7a810b78", "JMdict ent_seq 1319180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "92833d537c4e32a59b30f54e51000640e61edf9ca15e1f150abc9b4159a06140", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "eb4849bf00", "word": "しくじる", "reading": "しくじる", "romaji": "shikujiru", "meanings": [ "to fail", "to fall through", "to blunder" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1005500, "examples": [ { "ja": "今回はしくじれないぞ。", "furigana": "{今回|こんかい}はしくじれないぞ。", "en": "You cannot fail this time.", "tatoeba_id": 172500 }, { "ja": "彼がしくじったら気の毒だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}がしくじったら{気|き}の{毒|どく}だ。", "en": "It'll be a pity if he fails.", "tatoeba_id": 120969 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "333d0c6d09d421ddbf6718469ef81e044651a8a0f5e755e0b7f76e47f96c2e4d", "meanings": [ "失败", "搞砸" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "今回はしくじれないぞ。", "zh": "这次不能搞砸。" }, { "ja": "彼がしくじったら気の毒だ。", "zh": "如果他失败了就太可惜了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/eb4849bf00", "JMdict ent_seq 1005500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e4ac6ab0aa628f8a916ddd130d8bcfd128695f05a1ff4e303fc99a4f2a299372", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d5263c628f", "word": "仕組み", "reading": "しくみ", "romaji": "shikumi", "meanings": [ "devising", "plan", "plot", "contrivance", "construction", "arrangement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1594180, "examples": [ { "ja": "経済学は経済の仕組みを研究する学問である。", "furigana": "{経済学|けいざいがく}は{経済|けいざい}の{仕組|しく}みを{研究|けんきゅう}する{学問|がくもん}である。", "en": "Economics is the study of economic mechanisms.", "tatoeba_id": 176462 }, { "ja": "私はこの仕組みを知りませんが担当者が説明するでしょう。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はこの{仕組|しく}みを{知|し}りませんが{担当者|たんとうしゃ}が{説明|せつめい}するでしょう。", "en": "I don't know this system, but the man in charge will explain.", "tatoeba_id": 160908 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b3cbe2d28a8baddde88fa8883307218f81d04b2075c94d4cb23424cae964e98c", "meanings": [ "结构", "机制" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "経済学は経済の仕組みを研究する学問である。", "zh": "经济学是研究经济运作机制的学问。" }, { "ja": "私はこの仕組みを知りませんが担当者が説明するでしょう。", "zh": "我不知道这个机制，负责人会说明的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d5263c628f", "JMdict ent_seq 1594180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b01d35dc65162bce26133c91b0c5b146d9416519c6ab3117723ffbe1d15da3e3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b5bf192e57", "word": "死刑", "reading": "しけい", "romaji": "shikei", "meanings": [ "death penalty", "capital punishment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1310810, "examples": [ { "ja": "その犯罪は死刑に値する。", "furigana": "その{犯罪|はんざい}は{死刑|しけい}に{値|あたい}する。", "en": "That crime is punishable by death.", "tatoeba_id": 207168 }, { "ja": "裁判官は彼に死刑を宣告した。", "furigana": "{裁判官|さいばんかん}は{彼|かれ}に{死刑|しけい}を{宣告|せんこく}した。", "en": "The judge condemned him to death.", "tatoeba_id": 170255 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "958ba224acbf4f30e7aa7a827880e6c8e34b3b2fb79099b1a3ab45a12eddc6d1", "meanings": [ "死刑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その犯罪は死刑に値する。", "zh": "那项犯罪应判死刑。" }, { "ja": "裁判官は彼に死刑を宣告した。", "zh": "法官判处他死刑。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b5bf192e57", "JMdict ent_seq 1310810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "94e33dbfc42c404fe44d541b1b1e3e1306e48d5f15ca0e08b4cafdef34377e98", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9cbce49fda", "word": "湿気る", "reading": "しける", "romaji": "shikeru", "meanings": [ "to be damp", "to be moist" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1320420, "examples": [ { "ja": "あらやだ、このお煎餅もう湿気ってる。", "en": "Yecch. This rice cracker is soggy.", "tatoeba_id": 230055 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bb2c3f2403799cbc2102f86c204ca4a6eb661fd2d174639b55d785221b029e96", "meanings": [ "受潮", "变潮" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あらやだ、このお煎餅もう湿気ってる。", "zh": "哎呀，这块仙贝已经受潮了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9cbce49fda", "JMdict ent_seq 1320420; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "245d8cdf37d59f73ef6d3598e5e7845181e3cbafb63ce469331a0d83d684ec82" } }, { "id": "e111d4b814", "word": "自己", "reading": "じこ", "romaji": "jiko", "meanings": [ "self", "oneself" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1317580, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は自己を没却する男ではない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{自己|じこ}を{没却|ぼっきゃく}する{男|おとこ}ではない。", "en": "He knows how to assert himself.", "tatoeba_id": 105234 }, { "ja": "その男は自己防衛を口実にした。", "furigana": "その{男|おとこ}は{自己|じこ}{防衛|ぼうえい}を{口実|こうじつ}にした。", "en": "The man pleaded self-defence.", "tatoeba_id": 208044 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "dc3a961888b547c2745e8d1aae87861602a1cdb14d70dc0a07923d7e1df7507e", "meanings": [ "自己", "自我" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は自己を没却する男ではない。", "zh": "他不是会忘我的人。" }, { "ja": "その男は自己防衛を口実にした。", "zh": "那个人以自卫为借口。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e111d4b814", "JMdict ent_seq 1317580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "047e9b747be4505447fdcf39baeaa7b2758ac5d2595fd82ef8405e3b206ad7fe", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "73cb8b25c2", "word": "志向", "reading": "しこう", "romaji": "shikou", "meanings": [ "intention", "aim" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1309110, "examples": [ { "ja": "その会社の強さは未来志向の戦略によって生みだされている。", "en": "The strength of the firm is attributed to its future-oriented strategy.", "tatoeba_id": 211847 }, { "ja": "過去を志向する社会では、人々は過去と伝統にいつまでもこだわり続ける。", "furigana": "{過去|かこ}を{志向|しこう}する{社会|しゃかい}では、{人々|ひとびと}は{過去|かこ}と{伝統|でんとう}にいつまでもこだわり{続|つづ}ける。", "en": "In a past-oriented society, people dwell on the past and on tradition.", "tatoeba_id": 186481 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a392eae407828f4d6de4e183b08f9cbf947da0c770f43c087c1e43d02e4246ad", "meanings": [ "志向", "倾向" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その会社の強さは未来志向の戦略によって生みだされている。", "zh": "那家公司的实力来自面向未来的战略。" }, { "ja": "過去を志向する社会では、人々は過去と伝統にいつまでもこだわり続ける。", "zh": "在面向过去的社会中，人们会一直拘泥于过去与传统。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/73cb8b25c2", "JMdict ent_seq 1309110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "87d137a56217cab4850a1fd9d3fe4fe8f4874b19bd7c767c07a2039571068b1b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "61fc1c79e5", "word": "思考", "reading": "しこう", "romaji": "shikou", "meanings": [ "thought" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1309530, "examples": [ { "ja": "思考は言葉によって表現される。", "furigana": "{思考|しこう}は{言葉|ことば}によって{表現|ひょうげん}される。", "en": "Thoughts are expressed by means of words.", "tatoeba_id": 168259 }, { "ja": "西欧の思考はすべて等質です。", "furigana": "{西欧|せいおう}の{思考|しこう}はすべて{等質|とうしつ}です。", "en": "Western thought is consistent.", "tatoeba_id": 142621 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8b3e25e74743a97cd12c9311d4778543c277d59d4ff6fc54bfdeda44fef70d29", "meanings": [ "思考", "思想" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "思考は言葉によって表現される。", "zh": "思想通过语言表达。" }, { "ja": "西欧の思考はすべて等質です。", "zh": "西欧的思想全都是同质的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/61fc1c79e5", "JMdict ent_seq 1309530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cce84557fb1ce2929092b3ef2469336c1fcef2f2088e53741dc52b5419a4a91b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5dea6ed2ff", "word": "施行", "reading": "しこう", "romaji": "shikou", "meanings": [ "execution", "enforcing", "carrying out" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1579510, "other_readings": [ "しぎょう" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい法律は来月施行される。", "en": "The new law takes effect next month." }, { "ja": "規則の施行に向けて準備を進める。", "en": "We are preparing to enforce the regulations." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "89252b8d44020e1ffb414f4f6c54be351345212a716448938ed621321ad41437", "meanings": [ "施行", "实施" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい法律は来月施行される。", "zh": "新法律下个月施行。" }, { "ja": "規則の施行に向けて準備を進める。", "zh": "正在推进规则施行的准备工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5dea6ed2ff", "JMdict ent_seq 1579510; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "法律施行常读しこう；本词也可表示实施计划。", "review_hash": "40ed35e94b1777762e6574bab0c2c4600f68def46b5e9a0c1fb3d09897dc37a0" } }, { "id": "9f66f67f0f", "word": "嗜好", "reading": "しこう", "romaji": "shikou", "meanings": [ "taste", "liking", "preference" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1565500, "examples": [ { "ja": "コーヒーは酸味のないものの方が父の嗜好に合うようだ。", "en": "Coffee without acidity seems to suit my father's taste better.", "tatoeba_id": 1202808 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2447af2f3a2f4ad551943f4976ee78059b70f9998fbdc41b8979c61808667fa6", "meanings": [ "嗜好", "喜好" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "コーヒーは酸味のないものの方が父の嗜好に合うようだ。", "zh": "比起有酸味的咖啡，不酸的似乎更合父亲的口味。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9f66f67f0f", "JMdict ent_seq 1565500; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9cc9f7ec82bfcefdbfd67b450e190c7db8fc0b8fdc0aa55d23c8f5e8e58c34d6" } }, { "id": "27a80f5aeb", "word": "事項", "reading": "じこう", "romaji": "jikou", "meanings": [ "matter", "item", "facts" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1313910, "examples": [ { "ja": "ジェーンは申込書に必要事項を書き入れた。", "furigana": "ジェーンは{申込書|もうしこみしょ}に{必要|ひつよう}{事項|じこう}を{書|か}き{入|い}れた。", "en": "Jane filled out an application.", "tatoeba_id": 216438 }, { "ja": "彼はその連絡事項を電話で伝えてくれた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{連絡|れんらく}{事項|じこう}を{電話|でんわ}で{伝|つた}えてくれた。", "en": "He sent me the message by telephone.", "tatoeba_id": 112293 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "cde49446358e710060b6a87d6b8e16ed1970ee6de2377f4ff26b29bd2ad13e99", "meanings": [ "事项" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ジェーンは申込書に必要事項を書き入れた。", "zh": "简在申请书中填写了必要事项。" }, { "ja": "彼はその連絡事項を電話で伝えてくれた。", "zh": "他通过电话传达了那项通知。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/27a80f5aeb", "JMdict ent_seq 1313910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c7c6825b4439400af1423a9969ecee4aa184ae67984458f7c788f07191f7d2a9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "aadd965d71", "word": "地獄", "reading": "じごく", "romaji": "jigoku", "meanings": [ "hell" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1421090, "examples": [ { "ja": "最近は、ローン地獄で破産する人が増えている。", "furigana": "{最近|さいきん}は、ローン{地獄|じごく}で{破産|はさん}する{人|ひと}が{増|ふ}えている。", "en": "More and more people these days are getting overwhelmed by housing loans.", "tatoeba_id": 237349 }, { "ja": "ローン地獄で、ボーナスもらっても焼け石に水だよ。", "furigana": "ローン{地獄|じごく}で、ボーナスもらっても{焼|や}け{石|いし}に{水|みず}だよ。", "en": "My bonus doesn't come close to covering all the loan payments I have to make.", "tatoeba_id": 192223 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3da2a1ff260adbe9325646ed6db582680eab341b8c0b1945d7f0c52dabf366c3", "meanings": [ "地狱", "困境" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "最近は、ローン地獄で破産する人が増えている。", "zh": "最近因贷款困境而破产的人越来越多。" }, { "ja": "ローン地獄で、ボーナスもらっても焼け石に水だよ。", "zh": "深陷贷款困境，即使拿到奖金也是杯水车薪。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aadd965d71", "JMdict ent_seq 1421090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9c1a401771c58cdf11a52269366cf96ae5da567c7bf3bc3d98a4e01f44c62348", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6fd972e632", "word": "時刻表", "reading": "じこくひょう", "romaji": "jikokuhyou", "meanings": [ "table", "diagram", "chart", "timetable", "schedule" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1316230, "examples": [ { "ja": "時刻表が改正された。", "furigana": "{時刻表|じこくひょう}が{改正|かいせい}された。", "en": "The timetable has been revised.", "tatoeba_id": 150475 }, { "ja": "私は時刻表でその到着時間を調べた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{時刻表|じこくひょう}でその{到着|とうちゃく}{時間|じかん}を{調|しら}べた。", "en": "I looked up the arrival time in the timetable.", "tatoeba_id": 156394 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bfb3a29e1439d8012e5f23e17bcdb0e08998ba170babe13e3b666852ea2e32e5", "meanings": [ "时刻表" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "時刻表が改正された。", "zh": "时刻表修改了。" }, { "ja": "私は時刻表でその到着時間を調べた。", "zh": "我在时刻表上查了到达时间。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6fd972e632", "JMdict ent_seq 1316230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "20b2e4f88e1976b2b98f0d57fc7f2a41dc29b20029b5c8ede5cb2179f04da3b3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f4553f0b0b", "word": "時差", "reading": "じさ", "romaji": "jisa", "meanings": [ "time difference" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1316240, "examples": [ { "ja": "会社は時差通勤を導入しようとしています。", "en": "The company is attempting to stagger work hours.", "tatoeba_id": 185249 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b66024ab9ea9d4e6708e127398d382b2613cf973d6afa9ac696fb485b8057a42", "meanings": [ "时差", "时间差" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "会社は時差通勤を導入しようとしています。", "zh": "公司准备引入错峰通勤。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f4553f0b0b", "JMdict ent_seq 1316240; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "時差既指时区差，也可用于错峰通勤。", "review_hash": "6e2baf8aa4af6b05801fbd206bec02555666bde419cc8fdd43c9686dd8b1c7b8" } }, { "id": "8b4027dbec", "word": "自在", "reading": "じざい", "romaji": "jizai", "meanings": [ "freely", "at will" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1317750, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はフランス語が自在にこなせる。", "en": "He has a good command of French.", "tatoeba_id": 111080 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fe235655cbe1a4182c2b2d8e4ff239174985a8104d177135bcf32c4659a957f2", "meanings": [ "自由自在", "随意" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はフランス語が自在にこなせる。", "zh": "他能自如地运用法语。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8b4027dbec", "JMdict ent_seq 1317750; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2732c6f0ca1861df497a064b02abd3f9153318a5c7d1f10126c20b2e369745cf" } }, { "id": "fb769f71e3", "word": "視察", "reading": "しさつ", "romaji": "shisatsu", "meanings": [ "inspection", "observation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1312040, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は来月中国へ視察旅行に出かけます。", "en": "He is leaving for China on an inspection tour next month.", "tatoeba_id": 99125 }, { "ja": "私はその視察旅行に加わった。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はその{視察|しさつ}{旅行|りょこう}に{加|くわ}わった。", "en": "I joined the study tour.", "tatoeba_id": 160129 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5d24e515fc4e422e1e3eaf5ca843e279f0b733df5ddd53748b494bbbbcbbe90e", "meanings": [ "视察" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は来月中国へ視察旅行に出かけます。", "zh": "他下个月将去中国考察。" }, { "ja": "私はその視察旅行に加わった。", "zh": "我参加了那次考察旅行。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fb769f71e3", "JMdict ent_seq 1312040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "28e8c61c38baef0de64d7e635f9c54edae8a2a707afde27b9ab19b898320a1c5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "454687e7e8", "word": "資産", "reading": "しさん", "romaji": "shisan", "meanings": [ "property", "fortune", "means", "assets" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1312750, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はちょっとした資産を持っている。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はちょっとした{資産|しさん}を{持|も}っている。", "en": "She has some money of her own.", "tatoeba_id": 92113 }, { "ja": "資産と人格は全く別物である。", "furigana": "{資産|しさん}と{人格|じんかく}は{全|まった}く{別物|べつもの}である。", "en": "What we have is one thing and what we are is quite another.", "tatoeba_id": 150992 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1258d117a0b5569e03e38bf5bb4ceb0b416799ede0d413e9a6c513ac68e7fd8b", "meanings": [ "资产" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はちょっとした資産を持っている。", "zh": "她拥有一笔不小的资产。" }, { "ja": "資産と人格は全く別物である。", "zh": "资产和人格完全是两回事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/454687e7e8", "JMdict ent_seq 1312750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7dd9358122dc4600e4218247aec6b0a1e33f5b7d7593a599b4c4b47fec56526d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3d995a5e6a", "word": "指示", "reading": "しじ", "romaji": "shiji", "meanings": [ "indication", "instruction", "directions" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1309800, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはあなたを空港までお連れするようにとの指示を受けています。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちはあなたを{空港|くうこう}までお{連|つ}れするようにとの{指示|しじ}を{受|う}けています。", "en": "I have been instructed to take you to the airport.", "tatoeba_id": 166635 }, { "ja": "矢印が進むべき方向を指示する。", "furigana": "{矢印|やじるし}が{進|すす}むべき{方向|ほうこう}を{指示|しじ}する。", "en": "The arrow indicates the way to go.", "tatoeba_id": 79571 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "df5adfa83f2a443746464d7fac34dcb95d7c27942a44ad1419137f17a5554384", "meanings": [ "指示", "指明" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはあなたを空港までお連れするようにとの指示を受けています。", "zh": "我们接到指示，要把您送到机场。" }, { "ja": "矢印が進むべき方向を指示する。", "zh": "箭头指示前进方向。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3d995a5e6a", "JMdict ent_seq 1309800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "40a0a8d80e935defcb9196cba6728ef560c5daad26600fd07a55c80ef9980bdf", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "70c9f8812e", "word": "支持", "reading": "しじ", "romaji": "shiji", "meanings": [ "support", "maintenance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1310150, "examples": [ { "ja": "我々はこぞって君を支持する。", "furigana": "{我々|われわれ}はこぞって{君|きみ}を{支持|しじ}する。", "en": "We are solidly behind you.", "tatoeba_id": 186109 }, { "ja": "彼らは税法の改正を支持している。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{税法|ぜいほう}の{改正|かいせい}を{支持|しじ}している。", "en": "They are in favor of the reform of the tax laws.", "tatoeba_id": 96723 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2c5c11d8f0943869726e0ed7782196fec8616df38097197d17d6d84c4cb6bd82", "meanings": [ "支持" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "我々はこぞって君を支持する。", "zh": "我们全体支持你。" }, { "ja": "彼らは税法の改正を支持している。", "zh": "他们支持修改税法。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/70c9f8812e", "JMdict ent_seq 1310150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ee63f049605f1ae5659b850ddc8fad5cd40295d1ddbcdeb7f836084f6f640891", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2d1c66161d", "word": "自主", "reading": "じしゅ", "romaji": "jishu", "meanings": [ "independence", "autonomy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1317860, "examples": [ { "ja": "学生が自主的に勉強会を開いた。", "en": "Students independently organized a study session." }, { "ja": "自主的な判断を尊重する。", "en": "We respect independent judgment." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ae070b310ddaaf48ccc1e76a3200018931230a65c800411a112da624cbd379b2", "meanings": [ "自主", "独立" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "学生が自主的に勉強会を開いた。", "zh": "学生们自主组织了学习会。" }, { "ja": "自主的な判断を尊重する。", "zh": "我们尊重自主判断。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2d1c66161d", "JMdict ent_seq 1317860; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5e4e4517cebdabab8a48bd888eecc7aee8770de45d10feca6744c03b2367fcbd" } }, { "id": "99dd4adc73", "word": "自首", "reading": "じしゅ", "romaji": "jishu", "meanings": [ "surrender", "give oneself up" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1317890, "examples": [ { "ja": "その犯人は警察に自首した。", "furigana": "その{犯人|はんにん}は{警察|けいさつ}に{自首|じしゅ}した。", "en": "The criminal gave himself up to the police.", "tatoeba_id": 207163 }, { "ja": "私は彼を説得して警察に自首させた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{彼|かれ}を{説得|せっとく}して{警察|けいさつ}に{自首|じしゅ}させた。", "en": "I persuaded him to give himself up to the police.", "tatoeba_id": 153589 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2e871d1e1def8b91f3511e6fecf339c78d37b1ddbd4f10a5cefdf529e8ece58f", "meanings": [ "自首" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その犯人は警察に自首した。", "zh": "那个犯人向警方自首了。" }, { "ja": "私は彼を説得して警察に自首させた。", "zh": "我说服他向警方自首。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/99dd4adc73", "JMdict ent_seq 1317890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8f753f058fb8dcb3d1231af1a9d0c68ce2a35b4caadc19bd0ef8498944ca725f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8b1e86984f", "word": "刺繍", "reading": "ししゅう", "romaji": "shishuu", "meanings": [ "embroidery" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1306540, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女からすばらしい刺繍品をもらった。", "en": "She gave me charming embroideries.", "tatoeba_id": 92687 }, { "ja": "アイルランドは刺繍で有名である。", "furigana": "アイルランドは{刺繍|ししゅう}で{有名|ゆうめい}である。", "en": "Ireland is famous for lace.", "tatoeba_id": 234547 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "80a2894a7b5d2b6f02a9236fa55049581d4958fb799d84358a45aaf1c3febcac", "meanings": [ "刺绣" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女からすばらしい刺繍品をもらった。", "zh": "我从她那里得到了精美的刺绣品。" }, { "ja": "アイルランドは刺繍で有名である。", "zh": "爱尔兰以刺绣闻名。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8b1e86984f", "JMdict ent_seq 1306540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "38579af5cba9daaad60de600eeeb1570e4e72b7efba13968a5d0f4e52aa75b9a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "33dff47c30", "word": "辞職", "reading": "じしょく", "romaji": "jishoku", "meanings": [ "resignation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1318980, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は辞職する意志はまったくない。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{辞職|じしょく}する{意志|いし}はまったくない。", "en": "I have no intention of resigning.", "tatoeba_id": 156183 }, { "ja": "僕はすぐ辞職しようかと思っている。", "furigana": "{僕|ぼく}はすぐ{辞職|じしょく}しようかと{思|おも}っている。", "en": "I am thinking of resigning at once.", "tatoeba_id": 82080 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6c0c3d9dcb9eadcba72cd7cb86812c932ecba2da59cb08cd004220ba393d8c1d", "meanings": [ "辞职" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は辞職する意志はまったくない。", "zh": "我完全没有辞职的打算。" }, { "ja": "僕はすぐ辞職しようかと思っている。", "zh": "我在考虑是否马上辞职。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/33dff47c30", "JMdict ent_seq 1318980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bab9913dbeed0f50c8b3bd1ecc3d4f5658551f8681fcc6872bfd314c9e49ec9a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d8525590a4", "word": "自信", "reading": "じしん", "romaji": "jishin", "meanings": [ "self-confidence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1317970, "examples": [ { "ja": "本当の自信と空威張りは別問題だ。", "furigana": "{本当|ほんとう}の{自信|じしん}と{空威張|からいば}りは{別問題|べつもんだい}だ。", "en": "True bravery is quite another thing from bravado.", "tatoeba_id": 74533 }, { "ja": "彼とうまくやっていく自信がない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}とうまくやっていく{自信|じしん}がない。", "en": "I don't think I can get along with him.", "tatoeba_id": 119266 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c95498e8a894d5e4488ec1fd45446eab90e3db69de6676a2f0652404137e7606", "meanings": [ "自信" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "本当の自信と空威張りは別問題だ。", "zh": "真正的自信与虚张声势是两回事。" }, { "ja": "彼とうまくやっていく自信がない。", "zh": "我没有信心能和他相处好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d8525590a4", "JMdict ent_seq 1317970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7d064682fd1fc63f03ce70e39769e51e923b738a9a526d9e081d7218c1658817", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8b25299c99", "word": "雫", "reading": "しずく", "romaji": "shizuku", "meanings": [ "drop (of water)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1437210, "examples": [ { "ja": "濡れたタオルから滴が垂れている。", "furigana": "{濡|ぬ}れたタオルから{滴|しずく}が{垂|た}れている。", "en": "Water is dripping from the wet towel.", "tatoeba_id": 198656 }, { "ja": "彼の服からしずくが垂れていた。", "en": "His clothes were dripping.", "tatoeba_id": 116201 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e496f2cc6d12e521697d4d276f08511c725eb13c481d978a065d090d4bd60652", "meanings": [ "水滴" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "濡れたタオルから滴が垂れている。", "zh": "湿毛巾上滴着水。" }, { "ja": "彼の服からしずくが垂れていた。", "zh": "他的衣服上滴着水。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8b25299c99", "JMdict ent_seq 1437210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9ffa2aac78a048b51a4d35e2bca1cf5c5d9b4c3ffa5f62827d830ebc6dfc5847", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "35d3365a8f", "word": "システム", "reading": "システム", "romaji": "shisutemu", "meanings": [ "system" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1060300, "examples": [ { "ja": "このシステムには明らかな欠陥がある。", "en": "This system has obvious defects.", "tatoeba_id": 223714 }, { "ja": "システムが作動しない場合がある。", "furigana": "システムが{作動|さどう}しない{場合|ばあい}がある。", "en": "There are cases where the system doesn't go.", "tatoeba_id": 216182 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7c64eb1cc849df42431307946356d2eeea235c3d404232ab9bd3feb0b0298294", "meanings": [ "系统" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このシステムには明らかな欠陥がある。", "zh": "这个系统有明显的缺陷。" }, { "ja": "システムが作動しない場合がある。", "zh": "系统有时无法运作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/35d3365a8f", "JMdict ent_seq 1060300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "37fc167ecef0fdbd10c8bcdca536e7bb7923e29f6b64e996c115e29c530f4ff7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "377fdae689", "word": "沈める", "reading": "しずめる", "romaji": "shizumeru", "meanings": [ "to sink", "to submerge" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1431680, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは敵の船を１０せき沈めた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{敵|てき}の{船|ふね}を１０せき{沈|しず}めた。", "en": "They sank ten enemy ships.", "tatoeba_id": 96500 }, { "ja": "彼はこれまでいとも簡単にたくさんの挑戦者をリングに沈めてきた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はこれまでいとも{簡単|かんたん}にたくさんの{挑戦者|ちょうせんしゃ}をリングに{沈|しず}めてきた。", "en": "He's mowed down a parade of challengers before.", "tatoeba_id": 113695 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "eebaffba328d0d2ee719c12166981f3a43b075ca323b4cf1bdd5d7a8db13c594", "meanings": [ "使下沉", "击倒" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは敵の船を１０せき沈めた。", "zh": "他们击沉了十艘敌船。" }, { "ja": "彼はこれまでいとも簡単にたくさんの挑戦者をリングに沈めてきた。", "zh": "到目前为止，他轻易地在拳台上击倒了许多挑战者。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/377fdae689", "JMdict ent_seq 1431680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "494d9870e777946088cac1a8615a473209f4a6c5e3789514868ecd5c0bb41c15", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "27fc686a45", "word": "施設", "reading": "しせつ", "romaji": "shisetsu", "meanings": [ "institution", "establishment", "facility", "(army) engineer" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1310410, "examples": [ { "ja": "教育施設を拡充する金をもっと多くと望んでいる。", "en": "People want more money to expand educational institutions.", "tatoeba_id": 180316 }, { "ja": "その施設は爆破によって廃虚になった。", "furigana": "その{施設|しせつ}は{爆破|ばくは}によって{廃虚|はいきょ}になった。", "en": "The explosion reduced the facilities to ruins.", "tatoeba_id": 210075 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "512ad49533305777f950f00d984bfe8f81b6e6075545097db73fd7d839e4433f", "meanings": [ "设施", "机构" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "教育施設を拡充する金をもっと多くと望んでいる。", "zh": "希望有更多资金扩充教育设施。" }, { "ja": "その施設は爆破によって廃虚になった。", "zh": "那个设施被爆炸摧毁成废墟。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/27fc686a45", "JMdict ent_seq 1310410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f1348950d5ddd7edd0f948e7090a42e3faef9d55e5c4ae3199bd7236fc49cf67", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "11acdf0a51", "word": "事前", "reading": "じぜん", "romaji": "jizen", "meanings": [ "prior", "beforehand", "in advance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1314050, "examples": [ { "ja": "事前に予約を取っておくべきだ。", "furigana": "{事前|じぜん}に{予約|よやく}を{取|と}っておくべきだ。", "en": "We'd better make a reservation beforehand.", "tatoeba_id": 150789 }, { "ja": "事前に弁護士と相談した方がいいよ。", "furigana": "{事前|じぜん}に{弁護士|べんごし}と{相談|そうだん}した{方|ほう}がいいよ。", "en": "You'd better consult an attorney beforehand.", "tatoeba_id": 150790 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bb74c587b35032c5b5d00130904729bd31be5ef3eb1a5bb4b9c4f6c699834bda", "meanings": [ "事先" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "事前に予約を取っておくべきだ。", "zh": "应该事先预约。" }, { "ja": "事前に弁護士と相談した方がいいよ。", "zh": "最好先和律师商量。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/11acdf0a51", "JMdict ent_seq 1314050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "209d0765183a55a8a618d5e7481837797a1b579218a7c29ae0190ec5f6d363de", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "708465fbe8", "word": "子息", "reading": "しそく", "romaji": "shisoku", "meanings": [ "son" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1307980, "examples": [ { "ja": "ご子息のご結婚を心よりお祝い申し上げます。", "furigana": "ご{子息|しそく}のご{結婚|けっこん}を{心|こころ}よりお{祝|いわ}い{申|もう}し{上|あ}げます。", "en": "Please accept our heartiest congratulations on the marriage of your son.", "tatoeba_id": 217155 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "60502034071ff55dc57847625ca28004a70c81071b36eb729d34bd3ad273f22a", "meanings": [ "儿子（敬称）", "令郎" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ご子息のご結婚を心よりお祝い申し上げます。", "zh": "衷心祝贺令郎结婚。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/708465fbe8", "JMdict ent_seq 1307980; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "子息是对他人儿子的敬称。", "review_hash": "49a17df8d496824542fe5c78d09e47c322a817818869fa5b802fed372772bdad" } }, { "id": "833943523e", "word": "持続", "reading": "じぞく", "romaji": "jizoku", "meanings": [ "continuation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1315810, "examples": [ { "ja": "自転車は都会の環境を破壊することなく資源利用を持続することのできる道具である。", "en": "Bicycles are tools for urban sustainability.", "tatoeba_id": 5134 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "16c2efa53db853b5014cd828e8693f7ee6d3b9e59002bdc1a79a253ac52f4d87", "meanings": [ "持续", "维持" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "自転車は都会の環境を破壊することなく資源利用を持続することのできる道具である。", "zh": "自行车是一种能够在不破坏城市环境的情况下持续利用资源的工具。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/833943523e", "JMdict ent_seq 1315810; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5e02b7e6c92d99f488937a88be3c5197a37bc24d404596117caa1b908872e667" } }, { "id": "4e1176615c", "word": "自尊心", "reading": "じそんしん", "romaji": "jisonshin", "meanings": [ "self-respect", "conceit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1318220, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女の態度は私の自尊心を傷つけた。", "en": "Her attitude hurt my self-respect.", "tatoeba_id": 94150 }, { "ja": "彼女を支えているのは自尊心です。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}を{支|ささ}えているのは{自尊心|じそんしん}です。", "en": "It's pride that drives her.", "tatoeba_id": 86106 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "53c4e9fe5a9b718ed457fcaa797af020b3d8e961929ffd577543b64657abefdf", "meanings": [ "自尊心" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女の態度は私の自尊心を傷つけた。", "zh": "她的态度伤害了我的自尊心。" }, { "ja": "彼女を支えているのは自尊心です。", "zh": "支撑着她的是自尊心。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4e1176615c", "JMdict ent_seq 1318220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f32fd5b6b6beb31a2479ae393d8c2e41e7b2742f46af332349b3e51dedc106c9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4c55f42bcc", "word": "字体", "reading": "じたい", "romaji": "jitai", "meanings": [ "type", "font", "lettering" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1315200, "examples": [ { "ja": "読みやすい字体を選んだ。", "en": "I chose an easy-to-read typeface." }, { "ja": "この字体は古い印刷物によく見られる。", "en": "This typeface is often seen in old printed materials." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "df4638da1222b9ab5406ca24431c9dfd9fa4d88d57a03fedd92e06f819c2d67e", "meanings": [ "字体", "字形" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "読みやすい字体を選んだ。", "zh": "我选择了容易读的字体。" }, { "ja": "この字体は古い印刷物によく見られる。", "zh": "这种字体常见于旧印刷品。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4c55f42bcc", "JMdict ent_seq 1315200; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7d5ab8ac9fa7a114dd0c1466288300250ebfabd5420e4160ff93417a5021e7b3" } }, { "id": "11d97cded8", "word": "辞退", "reading": "じたい", "romaji": "jitai", "meanings": [ "refusal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1318990, "examples": [ { "ja": "お心付けはご辞退いたします。", "furigana": "お{心付|こころづ}けはご{辞退|じたい}いたします。", "en": "No gratuity accepted.", "tatoeba_id": 227011 }, { "ja": "私はその仕事を辞退したい。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はその{仕事|しごと}を{辞退|じたい}したい。", "en": "I want to excuse myself from the work.", "tatoeba_id": 160144 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2d5677c0f2cc8d953903855389194d74f33acf02a95ea98c9cfea8abc3b80b10", "meanings": [ "辞谢", "拒绝" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "お心付けはご辞退いたします。", "zh": "心意我领了，礼金就不收了。" }, { "ja": "私はその仕事を辞退したい。", "zh": "我想辞谢那份工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/11d97cded8", "JMdict ent_seq 1318990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d6d4ca498981324c461763dae869cbbf383d66613af72ece43b621db1a47dba3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d24c5432b6", "word": "慕う", "reading": "したう", "romaji": "shitau", "meanings": [ "to yearn for", "to miss", "to adore", "to love dearly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1514910, "examples": [ { "ja": "少女は叔母をとても慕っている。", "furigana": "{少女|しょうじょ}は{叔母|おば}をとても{慕|した}っている。", "en": "The girl is deeply attached to her aunt.", "tatoeba_id": 146699 }, { "ja": "彼は祖父を慕い尊敬している。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{祖父|そふ}を{慕|した}い{尊敬|そんけい}している。", "en": "He adores his grandfather.", "tatoeba_id": 102898 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d85daf5c2c488d40ecab7b8d9fe1d1bf5150ae03dd60557d79a3cbc03163b6fe", "meanings": [ "爱慕", "思念" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "少女は叔母をとても慕っている。", "zh": "女孩很依恋姑姑。" }, { "ja": "彼は祖父を慕い尊敬している。", "zh": "他爱戴并尊敬祖父。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d24c5432b6", "JMdict ent_seq 1514910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3a2f0ce0f8b1036ad037921783ff52988e297a32c1cae4f424e00d9cc639790b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2dbb8dd1b2", "word": "下心", "reading": "したごころ", "romaji": "shitagokoro", "meanings": [ "secret intention", "motive" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1185450, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はあの女性に下心を抱いている。", "en": "He has designs on that girl.", "tatoeba_id": 114893 }, { "ja": "君は安心していい。この寄付をすることについて、私にはなんら下心はない。", "furigana": "{君|きみ}は{安心|あんしん}していい。この{寄付|きふ}をすることについて、{私|わたし}にはなんら{下心|したごころ}はない。", "en": "You may rest assured; I have no ulterior motive in making this donation.", "tatoeba_id": 177477 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ea22ba736974d7b229d461185567c958b476c11852bce2817cfadb7359725d40", "meanings": [ "私心", "别有用心" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はあの女性に下心を抱いている。", "zh": "他对那位女性怀有不纯的意图。" }, { "ja": "君は安心していい。この寄付をすることについて、私にはなんら下心はない。", "zh": "你可以放心，关于这笔捐款我没有任何私心。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2dbb8dd1b2", "JMdict ent_seq 1185450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6aeb43448c1d25604fbf7ed9a74b3d7a67b7881930b80be4243c1500232198b5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3384dae78d", "word": "下地", "reading": "したじ", "romaji": "shitaji", "meanings": [ "groundwork", "foundation", "inclination", "aptitude", "elementary knowledge of", "grounding in", "prearrangement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1185920, "examples": [ { "ja": "絵を描く前に下地を塗った。", "en": "I applied an undercoat before painting." }, { "ja": "彼には音楽を学ぶ下地がある。", "en": "He has the background needed to study music." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "50caded43507b504ef22d9f71848c7d85497a1658f64490af2cf719c6214e8d0", "meanings": [ "底层", "基础", "素养" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "絵を描く前に下地を塗った。", "zh": "画画前我涂了底层。" }, { "ja": "彼には音楽を学ぶ下地がある。", "zh": "他具有学习音乐的基础。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3384dae78d", "JMdict ent_seq 1185920; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "下地可指涂层、基础知识或某种能力的底子。", "review_hash": "ea413b1a1060dbae53049a72e8b3fa4fc762312e59098d5b9be6a979162de54d" } }, { "id": "3236115f86", "word": "親しむ", "reading": "したしむ", "romaji": "shitashimu", "meanings": [ "to be intimate with", "to befriend" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1365070, "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカ人は大変親しみやすい。", "en": "Americans are very friendly people.", "tatoeba_id": 230103 }, { "ja": "メアリーは持ち前の優しい性格から級友たちから親しまれた。", "furigana": "メアリーは{持|も}ち{前|まえ}の{優|やさ}しい{性格|せいかく}から{級友|きゅうゆう}たちから{親|した}しまれた。", "en": "Mary's kind nature quickly won her the friendship of her classmates.", "tatoeba_id": 194754 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "97ccb4396a67e25bf70158cba455d7790244ac3032c75c63645621816ba6c569", "meanings": [ "亲近", "熟悉", "喜爱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカ人は大変親しみやすい。", "zh": "美国人很容易亲近。" }, { "ja": "メアリーは持ち前の優しい性格から級友たちから親しまれた。", "zh": "玛丽凭借天生温柔的性格受到同学们喜爱。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3236115f86", "JMdict ent_seq 1365070; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "67c3ff86b5dc81445bfbbe4b69bce8d2b5916d05113eac4b33966102cab4db86" } }, { "id": "8ab29ecca2", "word": "下調べ", "reading": "したしらべ", "romaji": "shitashirabe", "meanings": [ "preliminary investigation", "preparation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1185970, "examples": [ { "ja": "下調べはしたかい。会議は２日後だよ。", "en": "Did you do your homework? The meeting is only two days away.", "tatoeba_id": 188214 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fcc0857baecc2e59d006bcaccd457f6e9823c19e57e3aa7879d9eb97efc1d0e6", "meanings": [ "预先调查", "事前准备" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "下調べはしたかい。会議は２日後だよ。", "zh": "你做过事前调查吗？会议两天后就要开了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8ab29ecca2", "JMdict ent_seq 1185970; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "21285034060a30a109a39dee2ee51cfcb128f14b606ced000859abf430b5da37" } }, { "id": "d8a877df8f", "word": "認める", "reading": "したためる", "romaji": "shitatameru", "meanings": [ "to write up" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1467520, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は遺書をしたためた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{遺書|いしょ}をしたためた。", "en": "He has drawn up a will.", "tatoeba_id": 110091 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f07d1ef803051ce10dff755618609f616309b615f358d2eb2d92f02587523df6", "meanings": [ "书写", "撰写" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は遺書をしたためた。", "zh": "他写了遗书。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d8a877df8f", "JMdict ent_seq 1467520; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "認める读したためる时表示书写；读みとめる含义不同。", "review_hash": "fced7c4d84504959122d59964c9b719f1d795f58a80a0e1fae6ffc655e52f002" } }, { "id": "8ad49e06c3", "word": "仕立てる", "reading": "したてる", "romaji": "shitateru", "meanings": [ "to tailor", "to make", "to prepare", "to train", "to send (a messenger)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1305560, "examples": [ { "ja": "生地を預ければドレスを仕立ててくれますか。", "furigana": "{生地|きじ}を{預|あず}ければドレスを{仕立|した}ててくれますか。", "en": "Will you make me up a dress if I give you the material?", "tatoeba_id": 142776 }, { "ja": "新しい服をどこで仕立てましたか。", "furigana": "{新|あたら}しい{服|ふく}をどこで{仕立|した}てましたか。", "en": "Where did you have your new suit made?", "tatoeba_id": 145336 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4e9985d92eb445be015b0d9b5f11c02e3860b86db7dcdcf817cbd20ab9ab9251", "meanings": [ "缝制", "定做" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "生地を預ければドレスを仕立ててくれますか。", "zh": "如果交给你布料，你能帮我做一件连衣裙吗？" }, { "ja": "新しい服をどこで仕立てましたか。", "zh": "你在哪里定做的新衣服？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8ad49e06c3", "JMdict ent_seq 1305560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d8da734f645a044adc76a8fcc5a689a2bc4a08072b383c559cfe7dfde4f8a951", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5cbdba75ac", "word": "下取り", "reading": "したどり", "romaji": "shitadori", "meanings": [ "trade in", "part exchange" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1185180, "examples": [ { "ja": "車を下取りに出して新車を買った。", "furigana": "{車|くるま}を{下取|したど}りに{出|だ}して{新車|しんしゃ}を{買|か}った。", "en": "I traded in my car for a new one.", "tatoeba_id": 148958 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f047e0a879d97cee0b1b9f45092a21bb1c705cb19afbca0faaf25ffab34fa467", "meanings": [ "折价收购", "以旧换新" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "車を下取りに出して新車を買った。", "zh": "我把旧车折价卖出，买了新车。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5cbdba75ac", "JMdict ent_seq 1185180; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6c3365c4c4c3cf57d80aeb208b880820d4b23b7e7782278660dd7d22545aede6" } }, { "id": "66193a6b91", "word": "下火", "reading": "したび", "romaji": "shitabi", "meanings": [ "burning low", "waning", "declining" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1184580, "examples": [ { "ja": "化学業界はすべてが下火になるまで再投資を控えています。", "furigana": "{化学|かがく}{業界|ぎょうかい}はすべてが{下火|したび}になるまで{再投資|さいとうし}を{控|ひか}えています。", "en": "Chemical companies are waiting until everything dies down before reinvesting.", "tatoeba_id": 188206 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "20778d3cb2377e31f70c7a0e0561dc379ba97360ef15247faba45a6178ae5b38", "meanings": [ "势头减弱", "衰退" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "化学業界はすべてが下火になるまで再投資を控えています。", "zh": "化工业在一切平息之前暂缓再投资。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/66193a6b91", "JMdict ent_seq 1184580; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9dc5bdc808ed2810cf01ba547d0bed88823c59dc2f87f6f8618d8d0e807b13d5" } }, { "id": "f575593bf5", "word": "室", "reading": "しつ", "romaji": "shitsu", "meanings": [ "room" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1320300, "examples": [ { "ja": "先生は生徒達に講義室を退出させなかった。", "en": "The teacher did not permit the students to leave the lecture hall.", "tatoeba_id": 141539 }, { "ja": "４室から成るアパートを彼女は借りた。", "furigana": "４{室|しつ}から{成|な}るアパートを{彼女|かのじょ}は{借|か}りた。", "en": "She rented a four-room flat.", "tatoeba_id": 235197 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6586b96b34247b0a3e676c55518747fece856fc3ca223354e577aeb44c61bc11", "meanings": [ "房间" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "先生は生徒達に講義室を退出させなかった。", "zh": "老师没让学生离开讲堂。" }, { "ja": "４室から成るアパートを彼女は借りた。", "zh": "她租了一套四个房间的公寓。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f575593bf5", "JMdict ent_seq 1320300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "54d374862a4d59b49b3324c91ca4c73ccdb0fb0e0555a51a707018aacda431c7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6dcfd99e2c", "word": "実", "reading": "じつ", "romaji": "jitsu", "meanings": [ "truth", "reality", "sincerity", "fidelity", "kindness", "faith", "substance", "essence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1320800, "examples": [ { "ja": "名を捨てて実を取る。", "furigana": "{名|な}を{捨|す}てて{実|じつ}を{取|と}る。", "en": "Profit is better than fame.", "tatoeba_id": 80817 }, { "ja": "見かけよりも実を重んじる。", "en": "I value substance more than appearances." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1735b61bf4ed9f7af95f04d749eeb87f07e91ab23937b4944d22c1322ed249e4", "meanings": [ "实质", "实际", "诚意" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "名を捨てて実を取る。", "zh": "舍名取实。" }, { "ja": "見かけよりも実を重んじる。", "zh": "我比起表面更重视实质。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6dcfd99e2c", "JMdict ent_seq 1320800; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "名を捨てて実を取る指舍弃虚名而取得实际利益。", "review_hash": "300996fff5a7b46800c4cc7a7f42bf380b852e6b7c3a77b8b1cdf2e2b31518c5" } }, { "id": "4f9508a37a", "word": "失格", "reading": "しっかく", "romaji": "shikkaku", "meanings": [ "disqualification", "elimination", "incapacity (legal)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1319820, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は２度のフライングで失格した。", "en": "She was disqualified from the race for two false starts.", "tatoeba_id": 93564 }, { "ja": "その語の綴りを間違って、彼はコンテストに失格した。", "furigana": "その{語|ご}の{綴|つづ}りを{間違|まちが}って、{彼|かれ}はコンテストに{失格|しっかく}した。", "en": "His misspelling of that word eliminated him from the contest.", "tatoeba_id": 210818 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "07224b17e89840781719493a6edcda764ad42c76f10d3d67b4aeebd47e544309", "meanings": [ "失去资格" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は２度のフライングで失格した。", "zh": "她因两次抢跑被取消资格。" }, { "ja": "その語の綴りを間違って、彼はコンテストに失格した。", "zh": "他拼错了那个词，因而在比赛中被淘汰。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4f9508a37a", "JMdict ent_seq 1319820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8e41ca81e94070a2f91d3103e9f183b57bf99a13cc533dbcecf79afd662aecf7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "46d561c428", "word": "質疑", "reading": "しつぎ", "romaji": "shitsugi", "meanings": [ "question" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1320680, "examples": [ { "ja": "発表の後に質疑の時間を設けた。", "en": "Time for questions was provided after the presentation." }, { "ja": "質疑が終わって会議が閉じられた。", "en": "The meeting closed after the questions." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8c948d7d2a47a7e0250bbe29cc1e6e6b9294b44a8516fd32efa2e56b04f24cdf", "meanings": [ "质询", "提问" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "発表の後に質疑の時間を設けた。", "zh": "报告结束后安排了提问时间。" }, { "ja": "質疑が終わって会議が閉じられた。", "zh": "提问结束后会议闭幕。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/46d561c428", "JMdict ent_seq 1320680; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bfe534d5b8a836e98111dccf17dff248cb0ccd61a12e21994e9de975cb3df1cd" } }, { "id": "3a3ca43df5", "word": "実業家", "reading": "じつぎょうか", "romaji": "jitsugyouka", "meanings": [ "industrialist", "businessman" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1320950, "examples": [ { "ja": "トムは実業家になるのに向いている。", "furigana": "トムは{実業家|じつぎょうか}になるのに{向|む}いている。", "en": "Tom is fit to become a businessman.", "tatoeba_id": 199899 }, { "ja": "聴衆のほとんどは実業家だった。", "furigana": "{聴衆|ちょうしゅう}のほとんどは{実業家|じつぎょうか}だった。", "en": "The audience was mostly businessmen.", "tatoeba_id": 126079 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "aed976722e5dc75813587e74f27eb88e8cb6ec7da9cd7475a54455937b7f6e6b", "meanings": [ "实业家" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "トムは実業家になるのに向いている。", "zh": "汤姆适合成为实业家。" }, { "ja": "聴衆のほとんどは実業家だった。", "zh": "听众大多数是实业家。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3a3ca43df5", "JMdict ent_seq 1320950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "dcc18196a7e501798077c91152f5efce138976e0ef0f695fa99a1b41e1dacde5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3eb60879bf", "word": "シック", "reading": "シック", "romaji": "shikku", "meanings": [ "chic" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1060610, "examples": [ { "ja": "シックな色の服を選んだ。", "en": "I chose clothes in a chic color." }, { "ja": "部屋をシックにまとめた。", "en": "I decorated the room in a chic style." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d323416d291f22f5ba8b843be6fe60a6b08cafb72c712e9d828b739dde8cfbbf", "meanings": [ "雅致", "时髦" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "シックな色の服を選んだ。", "zh": "我选了颜色雅致的衣服。" }, { "ja": "部屋をシックにまとめた。", "zh": "我把房间布置得很雅致。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3eb60879bf", "JMdict ent_seq 1060610; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "abe7cb7fc06b0b643882498c002090520a1df5318564fab1271d3b7de94dc768" } }, { "id": "9ee0d57fa7", "word": "じっくり", "reading": "じっくり", "romaji": "jikkuri", "meanings": [ "deliberately", "carefully" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adv-to" ], "jmdict_id": 1005860, "examples": [ { "ja": "じっくり彼に耳を貸す者はいない。", "furigana": "じっくり{彼|かれ}に{耳|みみ}を{貸|か}す{者|もの}はいない。", "en": "No one stops to listen to him.", "tatoeba_id": 216160 }, { "ja": "私はその問題についてじっくり考えた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はその{問題|もんだい}についてじっくり{考|かんが}えた。", "en": "I reflected on the problem.", "tatoeba_id": 159838 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ccf49327ceb2e8a8ddcd054ce0988e05c1e0209052e7f3f9ba23dc88b3d40c20", "meanings": [ "仔细地", "从容地" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "じっくり彼に耳を貸す者はいない。", "zh": "没有人耐心地听他说话。" }, { "ja": "私はその問題についてじっくり考えた。", "zh": "我仔细考虑了那个问题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9ee0d57fa7", "JMdict ent_seq 1005860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0cf9eca5d64ef08eea581168576a3931c31b74d11e9118decd2e26ed8504f4b4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f017c2a6b0", "word": "躾", "reading": "しつけ", "romaji": "shitsuke", "meanings": [ "home discipline", "training", "upbringing", "breeding" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1573410, "examples": [ { "ja": "男の子へのしつけは可能である。", "furigana": "{男|おとこ}の{子|こ}へのしつけは{可能|かのう}である。", "en": "Boys can be trained to behave.", "tatoeba_id": 127251 }, { "ja": "その子供はしつけがまったくなっていなかった。", "furigana": "その{子供|こども}はしつけがまったくなっていなかった。", "en": "The child was completely lacking in discipline.", "tatoeba_id": 210140 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f75bf5d77b62e4ca36460422d2152efc8535b436479e01e1b07f62ddaa7b44a7", "meanings": [ "教养", "管教" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "男の子へのしつけは可能である。", "zh": "男孩子也可以管教好。" }, { "ja": "その子供はしつけがまったくなっていなかった。", "zh": "那个孩子完全没有教养。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f017c2a6b0", "JMdict ent_seq 1573410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cdaaefc893a13585da5fa7ff119708f8912db331290aa6a093847ac68ad530cb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ff02641ef7", "word": "仕付ける", "reading": "しつける", "romaji": "shitsukeru", "meanings": [ "to be used to a job", "to begin to do", "to baste", "to tack", "to plant" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1305350, "examples": [ { "ja": "犬をしつけるのは、容易ではない。", "furigana": "{犬|いぬ}をしつけるのは、{容易|ようい}ではない。", "en": "It is not easy to train dogs.", "tatoeba_id": 175232 }, { "ja": "彼は子供をしつけるのに厳格だった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{子供|こども}をしつけるのに{厳格|げんかく}だった。", "en": "He was strict in disciplining his children.", "tatoeba_id": 106534 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4ed10d07a9278b5dd6dce1da548de402448fc7b0de9ae47b38c4c9b47dcbb2a8", "meanings": [ "管教", "训练" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "犬をしつけるのは、容易ではない。", "zh": "训练狗并不容易。" }, { "ja": "彼は子供をしつけるのに厳格だった。", "zh": "他在管教孩子方面很严格。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ff02641ef7", "JMdict ent_seq 1305350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c8db7c9983aa427024fd4d0e2e672870dc6264a9e2a1de484d63c2dbcc63061d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e2cd3d1a33", "word": "実質", "reading": "じっしつ", "romaji": "jisshitsu", "meanings": [ "substance", "essence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1321170, "examples": [ { "ja": "実質成長と名目成長率の差は物価上昇を意味する。", "en": "Price increases explain the difference between the real and nominal growth rates.", "tatoeba_id": 149293 }, { "ja": "私たちの提案は実質にほとんど同じだった。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちの{提案|ていあん}は{実質|じっしつ}にほとんど{同|おな}じだった。", "en": "Our suggestions were, in effect, almost the same.", "tatoeba_id": 166844 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "394e6f1b5783e3ecfdb3ecf018a1abc746dde0df50ffecb106cb69e6cb58e291", "meanings": [ "实质", "实际" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "実質成長と名目成長率の差は物価上昇を意味する。", "zh": "实际增长与名义增长率的差距意味着物价上涨。" }, { "ja": "私たちの提案は実質にほとんど同じだった。", "zh": "我们的提议实质上几乎相同。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e2cd3d1a33", "JMdict ent_seq 1321170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9973cad7555ef05e3b35b914cae5966e4eb024ef7206eab87cff028ce2bf670d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0b885a1c38", "word": "実情", "reading": "じつじょう", "romaji": "jitsujou", "meanings": [ "real condition", "actual circumstances", "actual state of affairs" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1595260, "examples": [ { "ja": "実情がどうなっているかはっきり言いましょう。", "furigana": "{実情|じつじょう}がどうなっているかはっきり{言|い}いましょう。", "en": "I will tell you exactly how the matter stands.", "tatoeba_id": 149291 }, { "ja": "事態は好転するものと思っていたが、実情を言えば、悪化している。", "en": "We expected that things would get better, but, as it is, they are getting worse.", "tatoeba_id": 150765 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d1cc8a92eb529861b03a1127fef7e6133e2d00c2309daee6193026f4c0e0470f", "meanings": [ "实情", "实际情况" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "実情がどうなっているかはっきり言いましょう。", "zh": "我来清楚说明实际情况。" }, { "ja": "事態は好転するものと思っていたが、実情を言えば、悪化している。", "zh": "我原以为事态会好转，但实际上正在恶化。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0b885a1c38", "JMdict ent_seq 1595260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2728b5f007a33ba5e3bca1305941aaa99d566f9902ac4adbc50a0cfb147ee4da", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "031659079f", "word": "実践", "reading": "じっせん", "romaji": "jissen", "meanings": [ "practice", "put into practice" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1321260, "examples": [ { "ja": "理論と実践は相伴うとは限らない。", "furigana": "{理論|りろん}と{実践|じっせん}は{相伴|あいともな}うとは{限|かぎ}らない。", "en": "Theory and practice do not necessarily go together.", "tatoeba_id": 78354 }, { "ja": "理論には実践が伴わなければならない。", "furigana": "{理論|りろん}には{実践|じっせん}が{伴|ともな}わなければならない。", "en": "A theory must be followed by practice.", "tatoeba_id": 78353 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2b4c04190c1e47c3a221a59dbe28a04ef94c00e4c29107cd1775537049f2d81f", "meanings": [ "实践" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "理論と実践は相伴うとは限らない。", "zh": "理论与实践未必相伴。" }, { "ja": "理論には実践が伴わなければならない。", "zh": "理论必须伴随实践。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/031659079f", "JMdict ent_seq 1321260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "95ae62f6303683274600489c374de0b5177596289fcaecb640d181551ece63ed", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4b1e1efe84", "word": "質素", "reading": "しっそ", "romaji": "shisso", "meanings": [ "simplicity", "modesty", "frugality" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1320710, "examples": [ { "ja": "私達は質素な食物を食べるのに慣れている。", "en": "We are used to eating plain food.", "tatoeba_id": 151484 }, { "ja": "ドイツ人は質素な国民だ。", "en": "Germans are a frugal people.", "tatoeba_id": 201740 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "77e8f95fdb3854427a048734ab3f8d6e8c35a03160bc1298248acee3466296be", "meanings": [ "朴素", "节俭" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私達は質素な食物を食べるのに慣れている。", "zh": "我们习惯吃朴素的食物。" }, { "ja": "ドイツ人は質素な国民だ。", "zh": "德国人是节俭的民族。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4b1e1efe84", "JMdict ent_seq 1320710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e5e2e8b93b540877d04882753de4a2dd20ee1233fba3a059fe9bcdfbb9ba7bb2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "49b24ec6dc", "word": "実態", "reading": "じったい", "romaji": "jittai", "meanings": [ "truth", "fact" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1321360, "examples": [ { "ja": "死亡事例が19件と全体の20％を超えており、過労死の深刻な実態が浮き彫りになった。", "en": "With 19 cases of death forming over 20% of the whole, the grave reality of overwork-deaths has been thrown into relief.", "tatoeba_id": 74381 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "538f3a1248132c4facf0e68353b08fb4172773efb2e7e782d2618a7ce3e50c78", "meanings": [ "实际情况", "实态" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "死亡事例が19件と全体の20％を超えており、過労死の深刻な実態が浮き彫りになった。", "zh": "死亡案例达到十九起，超过总数的百分之二十，凸显出过劳死的严重现状。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/49b24ec6dc", "JMdict ent_seq 1321360; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6b570bff479141c8980f98fe493ca91331255f43580fcdef44bb604cb34a4499" } }, { "id": "b24bac20d7", "word": "失調", "reading": "しっちょう", "romaji": "shitchou", "meanings": [ "lack of harmony" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1320080, "examples": [ { "ja": "栄養失調で体が弱っていた。", "en": "He was weakened by malnutrition." }, { "ja": "自律神経の失調について医師に相談した。", "en": "I consulted a doctor about autonomic nervous system imbalance." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "85cfe1e3426841d5138b60a80b5625ac27d9f93cf5917af366df506a99a8d746", "meanings": [ "失调", "不协调" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "栄養失調で体が弱っていた。", "zh": "他因营养不良而身体虚弱。" }, { "ja": "自律神経の失調について医師に相談した。", "zh": "我就自主神经失调咨询了医生。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b24bac20d7", "JMdict ent_seq 1320080; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "失調常指生理机能或协调失衡。", "review_hash": "45e9bb25e002d8ab70f506ca51485011d3fa8dd54936f057185c1fc8ace4d0a9" } }, { "id": "4cd81e6ad4", "word": "嫉妬", "reading": "しっと", "romaji": "shitto", "meanings": [ "jealousy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1320280, "examples": [ { "ja": "すこし嫉妬深く感じたように思う。", "en": "I suppose I felt a little jealous.", "tatoeba_id": 214708 }, { "ja": "彼女はしっとのかたまりであった。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はしっとのかたまりであった。", "en": "She was a bundle of jealousy.", "tatoeba_id": 92811 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "30c0afb8db02254d18c5aa8b7e49b098f248ee2075be49d7b9ea402011f827af", "meanings": [ "嫉妒" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "すこし嫉妬深く感じたように思う。", "zh": "我觉得自己似乎有点嫉妒。" }, { "ja": "彼女はしっとのかたまりであった。", "zh": "她满心嫉妒。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4cd81e6ad4", "JMdict ent_seq 1320280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "73a3a7c9d189246d0db7a1fe5cd12f385c5daf76b2425b3dcfa13dd128ee839e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c5cf46de8e", "word": "実費", "reading": "じっぴ", "romaji": "jippi", "meanings": [ "actual expense", "cost price" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1321410, "examples": [ { "ja": "交通費は実費を支給します。", "en": "Actual travel expenses will be reimbursed." }, { "ja": "材料は実費でお分けします。", "en": "We will provide the materials at cost." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2e1c07cc97552e87ba195be34289b4d21dd0b9e13e825f9eeb97d476f6ff90f4", "meanings": [ "实际费用", "成本" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "交通費は実費を支給します。", "zh": "交通费按实际支出报销。" }, { "ja": "材料は実費でお分けします。", "zh": "材料按成本价提供。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c5cf46de8e", "JMdict ent_seq 1321410; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "aa4da2ee7632c4792642b3dc00a5860550c2bb1b07ba0057cfe08c4129f45d94" } }, { "id": "05b951102a", "word": "十分", "reading": "じっぷん", "romaji": "jippun", "meanings": [ "10 minutes" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1335070, "examples": [ { "ja": "駅まで十分かかります。", "en": "It takes ten minutes to get to the station." }, { "ja": "十分だけ休みましょう。", "en": "Let us rest for just ten minutes." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9cacde082f960ee03b26d0ead29bd7300284dfe17b9997ec414a4551f3036ede", "meanings": [ "十分钟" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "駅まで十分かかります。", "zh": "到车站需要十分钟。" }, { "ja": "十分だけ休みましょう。", "zh": "休息十分钟吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/05b951102a", "JMdict ent_seq 1335070; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "十分在这里读じっぷん，指十分钟；读じゅうぶん时意为充分。", "review_hash": "07008511e3ec96e92887d99af7a6828d37b27b99d7ab97894bbc75867e1fe883" } }, { "id": "3418fde87d", "word": "指摘", "reading": "してき", "romaji": "shiteki", "meanings": [ "pointing out", "identification" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1309940, "examples": [ { "ja": "印刷ミスはすぐに指摘されなければならない。", "furigana": "{印刷|いんさつ}ミスはすぐに{指摘|してき}されなければならない。", "en": "Mistakes in the printing should be pointed out at once.", "tatoeba_id": 190001 }, { "ja": "彼女は私が犯した誤りを指摘した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{私|わたし}が{犯|おか}した{誤|あやま}りを{指摘|してき}した。", "en": "She pointed out the mistakes I had made.", "tatoeba_id": 89659 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4283c2b698433aec20c10197589fbba9a3172d295bf1224fac22779a264119c9", "meanings": [ "指出" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "印刷ミスはすぐに指摘されなければならない。", "zh": "印刷错误必须立即指出。" }, { "ja": "彼女は私が犯した誤りを指摘した。", "zh": "她指出了我犯的错误。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3418fde87d", "JMdict ent_seq 1309940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "81e350358a4b07dedcff224ca8db6bfef0ea79ba11ee18232584f54d6c5c960f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b16728beb7", "word": "視点", "reading": "してん", "romaji": "shiten", "meanings": [ "opinion", "point of view", "visual point" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1312130, "examples": [ { "ja": "これは十分根拠のある視点だ。", "en": "This is a valid point of view.", "tatoeba_id": 218270 }, { "ja": "私たちはその問題を子供の視点から考慮すべきである。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちはその{問題|もんだい}を{子供|こども}の{視点|してん}から{考慮|こうりょ}すべきである。", "en": "We should consider the problem from a child's point of view.", "tatoeba_id": 166343 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b9dcb64c7cc133843f6f65f8ecb5b47c0376e80d9a645982342760d15e5bd736", "meanings": [ "视点", "观点" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これは十分根拠のある視点だ。", "zh": "这是一个有充分依据的观点。" }, { "ja": "私たちはその問題を子供の視点から考慮すべきである。", "zh": "我们应该从孩子的视角考虑那个问题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b16728beb7", "JMdict ent_seq 1312130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8cd3d1d10e6d4e2fa397075577ceb5363d013386bd8060a920d060d5bdb5c93e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0c02e83a22", "word": "自転", "reading": "じてん", "romaji": "jiten", "meanings": [ "rotation", "spin" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1318270, "examples": [ { "ja": "地球は自転している。", "furigana": "{地球|ちきゅう}は{自転|じてん}している。", "en": "The earth revolves on its axis.", "tatoeba_id": 126960 }, { "ja": "地球が自転しているのは常識だ。", "furigana": "{地球|ちきゅう}が{自転|じてん}しているのは{常識|じょうしき}だ。", "en": "It's common knowledge that the earth turns on its axis.", "tatoeba_id": 126990 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4ca402096c0007dab4e0c88902e6a2d2bb0b25ff81d45b81c8e0551f27a87688", "meanings": [ "自转" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "地球は自転している。", "zh": "地球在自转。" }, { "ja": "地球が自転しているのは常識だ。", "zh": "地球自转是常识。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0c02e83a22", "JMdict ent_seq 1318270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "66c9cef590aec269dbfcd0c44962536ff73d6c51908ea3159389552019127d86", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "84fca05588", "word": "自動詞", "reading": "じどうし", "romaji": "jidoushi", "meanings": [ "intransitive verb (no direct obj)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1318390, "examples": [ { "ja": "動詞には目的語をとらない自動詞と、目的語をとる他動詞があります。", "furigana": "{動詞|どうし}には{目的語|もくてきご}をとらない{自動詞|じどうし}と、{目的語|もくてきご}をとる{他動詞|たどうし}があります。", "en": "With verbs there are intransitive verbs that don't take an object, and transitive verbs that do take an object.", "tatoeba_id": 75163 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "60fad2ad0d811473fb78a22239d54871e6619e50aba4afec16e59a6ad6d5b5ac", "meanings": [ "自动词" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "動詞には目的語をとらない自動詞と、目的語をとる他動詞があります。", "zh": "动词有不带宾语的自动词和带宾语的他动词。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/84fca05588", "JMdict ent_seq 1318390; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e679913bae9077ec7cf2ee0b4f54ef4a6871087f46d0c0a764e40f5d57e0dcaa" } }, { "id": "151f614c5f", "word": "萎びる", "reading": "しなびる", "romaji": "shinabiru", "meanings": [ "to wilt", "to fade" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1158680, "examples": [ { "ja": "野菜がしなびてしまった。", "en": "The vegetables have wilted." }, { "ja": "花が暑さでしなびた。", "en": "The flower wilted in the heat." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6eb9935f6186ae4be6bb9d219f4be0143db80f504050faf04890cef6ffa1b4b9", "meanings": [ "萎蔫", "枯萎" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "野菜がしなびてしまった。", "zh": "蔬菜蔫了。" }, { "ja": "花が暑さでしなびた。", "zh": "花因炎热而蔫了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/151f614c5f", "JMdict ent_seq 1158680; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "95a5d3517ddb742c97f795983e7836583ce001e5010b3f5db30347ed64c3c16d" } }, { "id": "192cd7a066", "word": "嫋か", "reading": "しなやか", "romaji": "shinayaka", "meanings": [ "supple", "flexible", "elastic" ], "level": "N1", "examples": [ { "ja": "しなやかな枝が風に揺れた。", "en": "The supple branches swayed in the wind." }, { "ja": "彼女はしなやかに踊った。", "en": "She danced gracefully and flexibly." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "216fc4bb146bd2daadb12d6e931b44bf38a9600c179e3572d48ed3d5130a80a3", "meanings": [ "柔韧", "柔软", "优美" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "しなやかな枝が風に揺れた。", "zh": "柔韧的树枝随风摇摆。" }, { "ja": "彼女はしなやかに踊った。", "zh": "她舞姿柔美。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/192cd7a066", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "嫋か是しなやか的罕见汉字写法，通常写假名或しなやか。", "review_hash": "52d291d605912aa16aad335a29abf8f8d9c2ac0cd9bcd684e80229d51356e512" } }, { "id": "bb70fb905e", "word": "シナリオ", "reading": "シナリオ", "romaji": "shinario", "meanings": [ "scenario" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1060830, "examples": [ { "ja": "映画のシナリオみたいですね。", "furigana": "{映画|えいが}のシナリオみたいですね。", "en": "That's something like a movie scenario.", "tatoeba_id": 189327 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "727fd2eea1af16b66bc99e0ab15806a045a8497dbab8b7fd66123240eea522a4", "meanings": [ "剧本", "情节" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "映画のシナリオみたいですね。", "zh": "像电影剧本一样呢。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bb70fb905e", "JMdict ent_seq 1060830; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3f3d9bf981312ecc745a39c5a049136d5393b2e1d1a26ef2f64f2bca85dac530" } }, { "id": "67174ad4d8", "word": "屎尿", "reading": "しにょう", "romaji": "shinyou", "meanings": [ "excreta", "raw sewage", "human waste", "night soil" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1566370, "examples": [ { "ja": "屎尿を適切に処理する。", "en": "Human waste is treated appropriately." }, { "ja": "屎尿処理施設を点検した。", "en": "The human waste treatment facility was inspected." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "00dcafac752d0183446bf0d03b1ebace2bf83ebd7b926438ee2bdb322c3e0375", "meanings": [ "粪尿", "人类排泄物" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "屎尿を適切に処理する。", "zh": "妥善处理粪尿。" }, { "ja": "屎尿処理施設を点検した。", "zh": "检查了粪尿处理设施。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/67174ad4d8", "JMdict ent_seq 1566370; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "97d0a3ee92dcd0f1e09d164d744f63d316985f3879377a93140cdd663090217c" } }, { "id": "e318eece72", "word": "地主", "reading": "じぬし", "romaji": "jinushi", "meanings": [ "landlord" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1421150, "examples": [ { "ja": "その地主は以前かなり裕福な暮らしをしていた。", "en": "The landlord used to be quite well off.", "tatoeba_id": 207881 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b19ef3b3da15085519762a5f4b9b78a31865b3d13b9acc6ca19abe5b35bb176f", "meanings": [ "地主", "土地所有者" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その地主は以前かなり裕福な暮らしをしていた。", "zh": "那位地主以前生活相当富裕。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e318eece72", "JMdict ent_seq 1421150; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6ea9b04cae0bfe023efb84f7968e9f0891a06f23f11b858ddddbddcef3848bc8" } }, { "id": "aa1c7f06ce", "word": "凌ぐ", "reading": "しのぐ", "romaji": "shinogu", "meanings": [ "to outdo", "to surpass", "to endure", "to keep out (rain)", "to stave off", "to tide over", "to pull through", "to defy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5g", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1554200, "examples": [ { "ja": "この新車は他車をしのぐだろう。", "furigana": "この{新車|しんしゃ}は{他車|たしゃ}をしのぐだろう。", "en": "This new car will put other cars to shame.", "tatoeba_id": 221031 }, { "ja": "この金で何とか１ヶ月はしのげる。", "furigana": "この{金|かね}で{何|なん}とか１{ヶ月|かげつ}はしのげる。", "en": "The money will carry us for about a month.", "tatoeba_id": 222293 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "89b5cc6c4252867a59fdd5d270a274e9837fa9a24d5fe09cfd46f3573edec41e", "meanings": [ "超过", "度过" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この新車は他車をしのぐだろう。", "zh": "这辆新车会超过其他车吧。" }, { "ja": "この金で何とか１ヶ月はしのげる。", "zh": "靠这笔钱总算能撑过一个月。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aa1c7f06ce", "JMdict ent_seq 1554200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d0da5252e00d4cea5e900ef711cb2d8cf9ac6efd8366596df589e8920a4bf59a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "15a5796d8c", "word": "芝", "reading": "しば", "romaji": "shiba", "meanings": [ "lawn", "sod", "turf" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1321610, "examples": [ { "ja": "母は私に芝を刈るように言った。", "en": "Mother told me to mow the lawn.", "tatoeba_id": 82968 }, { "ja": "この芝は刈らなければならない。", "furigana": "この{芝|しば}は{刈|か}らなければならない。", "en": "This grass needs cutting.", "tatoeba_id": 221471 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e7a722c3c49f79799625188423e87c20cdcbcefc71d9e0e221dd588b7724e09b", "meanings": [ "草坪", "草皮" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "母は私に芝を刈るように言った。", "zh": "母亲叫我割草。" }, { "ja": "この芝は刈らなければならない。", "zh": "这片草坪必须修剪。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/15a5796d8c", "JMdict ent_seq 1321610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2d8155643f9d5f57f757a23ef1f2d3bae3779b31da5dcf4bc0941cbfbce1dda7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "423b8cfc9b", "word": "始発", "reading": "しはつ", "romaji": "shihatsu", "meanings": [ "first train" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1307610, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたは始発電車に間にあいましたか。", "en": "Did you catch the first train?", "tatoeba_id": 231991 }, { "ja": "私は始発電車に乗らねばならない。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{始発|しはつ}{電車|でんしゃ}に{乗|の}らねばならない。", "en": "I must catch the first train.", "tatoeba_id": 156593 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9dc4473c125b891e0d5589dfc6213b5cc3ad2cc08b7ff1dc655442774aadfd6f", "meanings": [ "首班车" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたは始発電車に間にあいましたか。", "zh": "你赶上首班电车了吗？" }, { "ja": "私は始発電車に乗らねばならない。", "zh": "我必须乘首班电车。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/423b8cfc9b", "JMdict ent_seq 1307610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e79f26693491f1181bcc78166cb7e8f8683ebb6b9c628b71a4441bd162293b1f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ad34685b00", "word": "耳鼻科", "reading": "じびか", "romaji": "jibika", "meanings": [ "otolaryngology" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1317310, "examples": [ { "ja": "今、耳鼻科にかかっています。", "en": "I go to an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist now.", "tatoeba_id": 13715802 }, { "ja": "日曜日にあるパーティで、耳鼻科医をしてる方と会いました。", "en": "I met an otolaryngologist at a party on Sunday.", "tatoeba_id": 500762 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7ac81872c72c0e07d3644b837d0a2900c8dc2da4d1f5d20449e836aff7ff8e75", "meanings": [ "耳鼻喉科" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "今、耳鼻科にかかっています。", "zh": "我现在正在看耳鼻喉科。" }, { "ja": "日曜日にあるパーティで、耳鼻科医をしてる方と会いました。", "zh": "我在星期日的聚会上遇到一位耳鼻喉科医生。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ad34685b00", "JMdict ent_seq 1317310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8642f56a8b8268eb32e08205634661f1929dfc3cb509d4f2571742fa75142c43", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "dec3fc2f2a", "word": "渋い", "reading": "しぶい", "romaji": "shibui", "meanings": [ "tasteful (clothing)", "cool", "an aura of refined masculinity", "astringent", "sullen", "bitter (taste)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1335540, "examples": [ { "ja": "僕的にはもっと地味ってか渋い服が欲しいんですけどね。", "en": "For my tastes, I'd prefer plainer, or rather, more tasteful clothing.", "tatoeba_id": 74175 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "32afe5a0ea357b81e138ef33c65df3d87c46f906fa997b9b858f9d25161b1117", "meanings": [ "沉稳", "雅致", "涩" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "僕的にはもっと地味ってか渋い服が欲しいんですけどね。", "zh": "我个人想要更低调、更沉稳的衣服。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dec3fc2f2a", "JMdict ent_seq 1335540; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "渋い可指涩味，也可形容风格低调有品位。", "review_hash": "08e5e87a9738e107807c8072520190de225fe8dd5e27037e4d44a917afd0faf0" } }, { "id": "0512a67641", "word": "私物", "reading": "しぶつ", "romaji": "shibutsu", "meanings": [ "private property", "personal effects" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1311380, "examples": [ { "ja": "洗面所には、私物を放置しないこと。", "en": "Don't leave your personal belongings in the washroom.", "tatoeba_id": 2393518 }, { "ja": "誰かに私物を盗まれた。", "en": "Someone stole my belongings.", "tatoeba_id": 1690198 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "cc771e2ab0207c5998fb4a8099e2d1930d39a76e456b8b9652300a87bd993114", "meanings": [ "私人物品" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "洗面所には、私物を放置しないこと。", "zh": "不要把私人物品留在洗手间。" }, { "ja": "誰かに私物を盗まれた。", "zh": "私人物品被人偷了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0512a67641", "JMdict ent_seq 1311380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3da14aa7018180cc8bde2ba872e091ae90e5fd1005399fc2c9d0ce333594065b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d582e63792", "word": "しぶとい", "reading": "しぶとい", "romaji": "shibutoi", "meanings": [ "tenacious", "stubborn" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1005590, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は結構しぶといね。転んでもただでは起きぬ、いい根性しているよ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{結構|けっこう}しぶといね。{転|ころ}んでもただでは{起|お}きぬ、いい{根性|こんじょう}しているよ。", "en": "He's a tenacious guy who always manages to come out on top. He's the kind of guy who can turn any situation to his advantage.", "tatoeba_id": 107800 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1d304726856f5f5e069dbb35eb4146073a33df28d8cec855e4f3a442ce031877", "meanings": [ "顽强", "死缠不放" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は結構しぶといね。転んでもただでは起きぬ、いい根性しているよ。", "zh": "他相当顽强，跌倒了也不会白白爬起来，真有韧劲。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d582e63792", "JMdict ent_seq 1005590; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2db33e79a85bb24c67159d19c961cd01ca1b19637ad82c9243794c8b3c87eae9" } }, { "id": "630eb88cfd", "word": "司法", "reading": "しほう", "romaji": "shihou", "meanings": [ "administration of justice" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1306680, "examples": [ { "ja": "司法の独立は重要です。", "en": "Judicial independence is important." }, { "ja": "司法制度について学んだ。", "en": "I studied the judicial system." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "aee9fe0d343f3a4362349f38a625881013403165e8c0ad443cd0b62562ecd619", "meanings": [ "司法" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "司法の独立は重要です。", "zh": "司法独立很重要。" }, { "ja": "司法制度について学んだ。", "zh": "我学习了司法制度。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/630eb88cfd", "JMdict ent_seq 1306680; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "70055390af941bb0e289d4de03cde3ed49a6a3f961984025ceda29c99a02ff76" } }, { "id": "f5c71c5eae", "word": "志望", "reading": "しぼう", "romaji": "shibou", "meanings": [ "wish", "desire", "ambition" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1309140, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの大学は私の第１志望だった。", "en": "That university was my first choice.", "tatoeba_id": 230628 }, { "ja": "英語を上手に話す技能がその地位を志望する者に要求される。", "en": "The position requires applicants to be skilled in spoken English.", "tatoeba_id": 189062 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9597211ec9ab0191c6cfee12b2e51b482fbfc38ca84609acaabeadf1614a063b", "meanings": [ "志愿", "愿望" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの大学は私の第１志望だった。", "zh": "那所大学是我的第一志愿。" }, { "ja": "英語を上手に話す技能がその地位を志望する者に要求される。", "zh": "申请那个职位的人需要具备熟练说英语的技能。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f5c71c5eae", "JMdict ent_seq 1309140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "47e20ba4293e8afd8cf9a2c6d2720e703029e1474e773b8f8e8c11bb72e5572d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c4c39fdeb4", "word": "脂肪", "reading": "しぼう", "romaji": "shibou", "meanings": [ "fat", "grease", "blubber" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1311820, "examples": [ { "ja": "脂肪分は減らしたほうがいいですね。", "furigana": "{脂肪|しぼう}{分|ぶん}は{減|へ}らしたほうがいいですね。", "en": "You had better cut out the fat.", "tatoeba_id": 151189 }, { "ja": "どの辺に脂肪がついているの？", "furigana": "どの{辺|へん}に{脂肪|しぼう}がついているの？", "en": "Where is the fat located?", "tatoeba_id": 200255 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2ebb5f2a220695ba64492d0a2ab69629d516a3ab08f48b8a81cff57214a007e3", "meanings": [ "脂肪" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "脂肪分は減らしたほうがいいですね。", "zh": "最好减少脂肪摄入。" }, { "ja": "どの辺に脂肪がついているの？", "zh": "脂肪长在哪个部位？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c4c39fdeb4", "JMdict ent_seq 1311820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2eeb6779938fc62aed2856c6a048d76f22ec46923a47e5731965e65ed00ca5a5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b240d751be", "word": "仕舞", "reading": "しまい", "romaji": "shimai", "meanings": [ "end", "termination", "informal (Noh play)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1594530, "examples": [ { "ja": "客がいなかったので店を早仕舞いにした。", "en": "There were no customers, so we closed the shop earlier.", "tatoeba_id": 1643763 }, { "ja": "話はこれでお仕舞いです。", "en": "This is the end of the talk.", "tatoeba_id": 13715825 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3f5fb3c512da36ec2de5d08ecf5bfff93a28e7d8f036cc73d0221fb44412bdae", "meanings": [ "结束", "收工" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "客がいなかったので店を早仕舞いにした。", "zh": "因为没有客人，店提前关门了。" }, { "ja": "話はこれでお仕舞いです。", "zh": "话就说到这里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b240d751be", "JMdict ent_seq 1594530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1e8c701fa8906ea5830aab1b2837d874617327d4d43dabe0ea64c3e4b3bb7fd2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6363493220", "word": "始末", "reading": "しまつ", "romaji": "shimatsu", "meanings": [ "management", "dealing", "settlement", "cleaning up afterwards" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1307620, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は午後いっぱい使って昨年のほうれん草の根を始末した。", "en": "He's spent all afternoon rooting up last year's spinach plants.", "tatoeba_id": 107490 }, { "ja": "これは始末の難い問題だ。", "furigana": "これは{始末|しまつ}の{難|かた}い{問題|もんだい}だ。", "en": "This is a difficult problem to solve.", "tatoeba_id": 218390 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "26bf5964b3912e15ffce68aad1acaf53abf713c71656357a49f0b9c8541b52b1", "meanings": [ "处理", "收拾" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は午後いっぱい使って昨年のほうれん草の根を始末した。", "zh": "他花了一整个下午清理去年的菠菜根。" }, { "ja": "これは始末の難い問題だ。", "zh": "这是个难以处理的问题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6363493220", "JMdict ent_seq 1307620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "36a713d574f891196922c6a24fac1b9496065ba6be2d4a106f0f198f16345e60", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fc5aaf963e", "word": "染みる", "reading": "しみる", "romaji": "shimiru", "meanings": [ "to pierce", "to permeate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1391120, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は一人ぼっちになって寒さが骨に染みた。", "en": "He became alone in the world and was chilled to the bone.", "tatoeba_id": 109958 }, { "ja": "石けんが目にしみました。", "en": "The soap hurt my eyes.", "tatoeba_id": 142358 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "68cd34637d3212842c341702dfa7ac46ecbedf12be1fc2c7120d14bec0e52e2d", "meanings": [ "渗入", "刺痛" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は一人ぼっちになって寒さが骨に染みた。", "zh": "他孤身一人，寒气沁入骨头。" }, { "ja": "石けんが目にしみました。", "zh": "肥皂弄到眼睛里刺痛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fc5aaf963e", "JMdict ent_seq 1391120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d9d9749e967a82935bf66a7ed8708cc902ad8df59b04e8048bfea30181ab16a2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3861eaa614", "word": "使命", "reading": "しめい", "romaji": "shimei", "meanings": [ "mission", "errand", "message" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1306160, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは使命を果たした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{使命|しめい}を{果|は}たした。", "en": "They accomplished their mission.", "tatoeba_id": 97082 }, { "ja": "彼は極秘の使命を帯びていた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{極秘|ごくひ}の{使命|しめい}を{帯|お}びていた。", "en": "He was charged with a secret mission.", "tatoeba_id": 108287 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ecf75b9334010b2164fa77381fa0d3230d63a8a2a7ef1217ed5dfc5a602f622e", "meanings": [ "使命" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは使命を果たした。", "zh": "他们完成了使命。" }, { "ja": "彼は極秘の使命を帯びていた。", "zh": "他肩负着绝密使命。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3861eaa614", "JMdict ent_seq 1306160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c3945ebc98476dc73c6c3c455b20b2e4f4b054e08050caec1b13f8fb8bf91e1d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f368d35b69", "word": "地元", "reading": "じもと", "romaji": "jimoto", "meanings": [ "local" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1421060, "examples": [ { "ja": "その婦人の葬式は地元の教会で行われた。", "en": "The lady's funeral was held at the local church.", "tatoeba_id": 207020 }, { "ja": "これらの商品の中には、地元では手に入らないものもあるかもしれない。", "furigana": "これらの{商品|しょうひん}の{中|なか}には、{地元|じもと}では{手|て}に{入|はい}らないものもあるかもしれない。", "en": "These goods may not be available locally.", "tatoeba_id": 217864 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "24871143e1e523f3be3fb936811f1812a45a1744ad755c2368dfcfacaf69e5e4", "meanings": [ "当地", "本地" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その婦人の葬式は地元の教会で行われた。", "zh": "那位女士的葬礼在当地教堂举行。" }, { "ja": "これらの商品の中には、地元では手に入らないものもあるかもしれない。", "zh": "这些商品中有些可能在当地买不到。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f368d35b69", "JMdict ent_seq 1421060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c4baa67c266d8c5a3f8631267bce0b763d1178b6c570b782d30352de531f15a2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b7459622cc", "word": "僕", "reading": "しもべ", "romaji": "shimobe", "meanings": [ "servant" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1521390, "examples": [ { "ja": "物語には王に仕える僕が登場する。", "en": "A servant of the king appears in the story." }, { "ja": "彼は神の僕として生きた。", "en": "He lived as a servant of God." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "65473ebb221ba662fc236abbcd301e7cbf604363726a29720e2e8e43ff6ff825", "meanings": [ "仆人", "侍从" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "物語には王に仕える僕が登場する。", "zh": "故事中出现了侍奉国王的仆人。" }, { "ja": "彼は神の僕として生きた。", "zh": "他作为神的仆人生活。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b7459622cc", "JMdict ent_seq 1521390; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "僕读しもべ表示仆人；读ぼく时是“我”。", "review_hash": "aca5e3e67e3f635334332a9259149f9288024dca94abe0bd7d3e5275064bffc6" } }, { "id": "1f7fbc010f", "word": "視野", "reading": "しや", "romaji": "shiya", "meanings": [ "field of vision", "outlook" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1312140, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らはついに視野から消えた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはついに{視野|しや}から{消|き}えた。", "en": "They went out of sight at last.", "tatoeba_id": 97792 }, { "ja": "いつもワイドな視野を持って、仕事をしなさい。", "furigana": "いつもワイドな{視野|しや}を{持|も}って、{仕事|しごと}をしなさい。", "en": "You should always keep a broad perspective on the work you do.", "tatoeba_id": 228734 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8aa0ac9506085d8fb2565541527524c965010bbf3b3732a0ed8c5285035f623b", "meanings": [ "视野" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らはついに視野から消えた。", "zh": "他们终于从视野中消失了。" }, { "ja": "いつもワイドな視野を持って、仕事をしなさい。", "zh": "工作时要始终保持开阔的视野。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1f7fbc010f", "JMdict ent_seq 1312140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4b314cb78ddede98cb7237d9231f650415bf3225a3673cad9a622aee3bf5364d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1f05b6ec3e", "word": "弱", "reading": "じゃく", "romaji": "jaku", "meanings": [ "weakness", "the weak", "little less then" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1324510, "examples": [ { "ja": "６月末に参加者を募ったら１週間弱で約５００席が予約でいっぱいになった。", "en": "When participants were sought at the end of June all, about 500, seats were reserved in under a week.", "tatoeba_id": 74055 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c042bb12280c698af06475828991b9d0d0cdf80b1a1a319f8c51d9cc568b3234", "meanings": [ "弱", "不足" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "６月末に参加者を募ったら１週間弱で約５００席が予約でいっぱいになった。", "zh": "六月底招募参加者时，不到一周约五百个座位就订满了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1f05b6ec3e", "JMdict ent_seq 1324510; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "数字＋弱表示略少于该数，例如一週間弱是不到一周。", "review_hash": "b1d00217ef420e9a8dcdb1bf3c6089cc8d415562296e7ccb08193c4563266f62" } }, { "id": "b7c3bf9989", "word": "社交", "reading": "しゃこう", "romaji": "shakou", "meanings": [ "social life", "social intercourse" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1322860, "examples": [ { "ja": "六月はロンドンでは社交の季節だ。", "furigana": "{六月|ろくがつ}はロンドンでは{社交|しゃこう}の{季節|きせつ}だ。", "en": "June is a social season in London.", "tatoeba_id": 77238 }, { "ja": "自分の社交クラブを偶然訪れたとき彼は昔の友達に偶然に会った。", "en": "He came upon an old friend when he visited his club.", "tatoeba_id": 149812 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c4f9dc78a0b00501f9a07f934591f76f02d5ad23a6311683b4836cddf38d85f3", "meanings": [ "社交" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "六月はロンドンでは社交の季節だ。", "zh": "六月是伦敦的社交季节。" }, { "ja": "自分の社交クラブを偶然訪れたとき彼は昔の友達に偶然に会った。", "zh": "他偶然去自己的社交俱乐部时碰到了老朋友。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b7c3bf9989", "JMdict ent_seq 1322860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "56ebc630667de0a553c81413077cf736fc82577bf412eeb1f767a14c4aa9dbc3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0db578581a", "word": "ジャズ", "reading": "ジャズ", "romaji": "jazu", "meanings": [ "jazz" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1065290, "examples": [ { "ja": "ジャズが使う音符は、バッハが使ったのと同じだ", "furigana": "ジャズが{使|つか}う{音符|おんぷ}は、バッハが{使|つか}ったのと{同|おな}じだ", "en": "Jazz uses the same notes that Bach used.", "tatoeba_id": 215875 }, { "ja": "彼らはジャズに夢中になっている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはジャズに{夢中|むちゅう}になっている。", "en": "They are crazy about jazz.", "tatoeba_id": 98046 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ba2a09072feccfae07282f4994e154e004197657a73b898676519ea3d0b46c99", "meanings": [ "爵士乐" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ジャズが使う音符は、バッハが使ったのと同じだ", "zh": "爵士乐使用的音符与巴赫使用的相同。" }, { "ja": "彼らはジャズに夢中になっている。", "zh": "他们迷上了爵士乐。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0db578581a", "JMdict ent_seq 1065290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "18eb5b1606b97255fce901e69ae5357cd8352d3f53c4e06fc9d0e214266607af", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8226962c2b", "word": "謝絶", "reading": "しゃぜつ", "romaji": "shazetsu", "meanings": [ "refusal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1323050, "examples": [ { "ja": "面会を丁重に謝絶した。", "en": "I politely declined the visit." }, { "ja": "取材の申し込みを謝絶した。", "en": "I declined the interview request." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6e5fb58a97242da995d308d88c183d549e9245eed56663e5d1aa2c71f3c3072a", "meanings": [ "婉拒", "谢绝" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "面会を丁重に謝絶した。", "zh": "我婉拒了来访。" }, { "ja": "取材の申し込みを謝絶した。", "zh": "我谢绝了采访请求。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8226962c2b", "JMdict ent_seq 1323050; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2a4d20fe99b0e06776072955098ca4d69e9929019503a5eef17ce8c41b046c04" } }, { "id": "5884d0807c", "word": "社宅", "reading": "しゃたく", "romaji": "shataku", "meanings": [ "company owned house" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1322900, "examples": [ { "ja": "鳩山さんは社宅に住んでいるらしい。", "en": "It seems that Mr Hatoyama is living in company housing.", "tatoeba_id": 410199 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ee392eb35a98d029ef561f54734cdb062650d8bfc8749e2723d70ce86f77717b", "meanings": [ "公司宿舍", "企业住房" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "鳩山さんは社宅に住んでいるらしい。", "zh": "听说鸠山住在公司宿舍。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5884d0807c", "JMdict ent_seq 1322900; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "137444a4daaa0794d55f621d3ebbca1db57d0cd848409c6a42cac3bef53cd545" } }, { "id": "d234d8de71", "word": "若干", "reading": "じゃっかん", "romaji": "jakkan", "meanings": [ "some", "few", "number of" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1324330, "examples": [ { "ja": "公園のつつじの世話をする庭師が若干名いる。", "furigana": "{公園|こうえん}のつつじの{世話|せわ}をする{庭師|にわし}が{若干|じゃっかん}{名|めい}いる。", "en": "Several gardeners look after the azaleas in the park.", "tatoeba_id": 174037 }, { "ja": "彼は話を和らげるために若干の冗談を必要とする。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{話|はなし}を{和|やわ}らげるために{若干|じゃっかん}の{冗談|じょうだん}を{必要|ひつよう}とする。", "en": "He needs a few jokes to lighten up his talk.", "tatoeba_id": 98845 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "55e5801c8e0f5531ceb58695199bc33643860fadb01144f5496dccd6947e2245", "meanings": [ "若干", "一些" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "公園のつつじの世話をする庭師が若干名いる。", "zh": "有几名园丁照料公园里的杜鹃花。" }, { "ja": "彼は話を和らげるために若干の冗談を必要とする。", "zh": "他需要讲几个笑话来缓和谈话气氛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d234d8de71", "JMdict ent_seq 1324330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "35ccbf1c021ffda8db236ab6b0b83272cdc406c623fb9b4e9147c3e96013a08a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e02b1d0bdc", "word": "三味線", "reading": "しゃみせん", "romaji": "shamisen", "meanings": [ "three-stringed Japanese guitar", "shamisen" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1579450, "other_readings": [ "さみせん" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は三味線による新しいジャズの演奏法を始めた。", "en": "She originated a new way of playing jazz on the shamisen.", "tatoeba_id": 89842 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c429849f6c6a9cbf61a8d126d0d67a18d22289e5e28ad8e8c0943f9752168949", "meanings": [ "三味线" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は三味線による新しいジャズの演奏法を始めた。", "zh": "她开创了使用三味线演奏爵士乐的新方法。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e02b1d0bdc", "JMdict ent_seq 1579450; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "adc069a63fab361cff92ead993ec3a04a4a7a32b8e8b2083986fa3ba5c21b4b6" } }, { "id": "11e095629c", "word": "斜面", "reading": "しゃめん", "romaji": "shamen", "meanings": [ "slope", "slanting surface", "bevel" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1322470, "examples": [ { "ja": "岩は丘の斜面を転がり落ちた。", "furigana": "{岩|いわ}は{丘|おか}の{斜面|しゃめん}を{転|ころ}がり{落|お}ちた。", "en": "The rock rolled down the hillside.", "tatoeba_id": 183662 }, { "ja": "彼は険しい斜面をじっと見た。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{険|けわ}しい{斜面|しゃめん}をじっと{見|み}た。", "en": "He stared at the steep slope.", "tatoeba_id": 107643 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0d660f7356f84a1818fd6586d7958a97ae96d43b641ed2b0f392b51b6f1badf9", "meanings": [ "斜坡" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "岩は丘の斜面を転がり落ちた。", "zh": "岩石滚下山坡。" }, { "ja": "彼は険しい斜面をじっと見た。", "zh": "他凝视着陡峭的斜坡。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/11e095629c", "JMdict ent_seq 1322470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e370bd7c322ab93c0851babc54f17d200dad6c6fe9afe61073aade87c971e54e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9ba2fec541", "word": "洒落", "reading": "しゃらく", "romaji": "sharaku", "meanings": [ "frank", "open-hearted" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1568630, "examples": [ { "ja": "洒落な性格の人だ。", "en": "The person has a frank, easygoing character." }, { "ja": "洒落には心が広くこだわらないという意味がある。", "en": "Sharaku means open-hearted and easygoing." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "06c45327cd7bd015df81f8e204e1d9c13c00befd30102e638e9ecbf826c572e4", "meanings": [ "豁达", "洒脱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "洒落な性格の人だ。", "zh": "他是个性格豁达的人。" }, { "ja": "洒落には心が広くこだわらないという意味がある。", "zh": "しゃらく有心胸宽广、不拘小节的意思。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9ba2fec541", "JMdict ent_seq 1568630; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "洒落（しゃらく）是豁达之意，与洒落（しゃれ）的俏皮话等义不同。", "review_hash": "e3a5264fbc0db5a0b4e4c4e9e106f3dc99e7d03f6f2e3bca5bb6527bcf689399" } }, { "id": "9cff4e2d79", "word": "砂利", "reading": "じゃり", "romaji": "jari", "meanings": [ "gravel", "ballast", "pebbles" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1291660, "examples": [ { "ja": "道路修理のために彼らは砂利をセメントで固めている。", "en": "They are binding the gravel with cement to repair the road.", "tatoeba_id": 123498 }, { "ja": "砂利をセメントで固める必要がある。", "furigana": "{砂利|じゃり}をセメントで{固|かた}める{必要|ひつよう}がある。", "en": "We need to bind gravel with cement.", "tatoeba_id": 170864 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "16d8cdeea5b83ca9a9d30ed3a027745f3b65eb3a2fcd881c82a06e024b192d30", "meanings": [ "碎石", "砂砾" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "道路修理のために彼らは砂利をセメントで固めている。", "zh": "为了修路，他们用水泥把碎石固定住。" }, { "ja": "砂利をセメントで固める必要がある。", "zh": "需要用水泥把碎石固定住。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9cff4e2d79", "JMdict ent_seq 1291660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9c8f0f2649c4ef45561faab60e11b853efde06e8f7c5cc590fa75dac874d91c8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0d2aa6414a", "word": "洒落る", "reading": "しゃれる", "romaji": "shareru", "meanings": [ "to joke", "to play on words", "to dress stylishly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1568670, "examples": [ { "ja": "君はそのシャツを着るとしゃれてみえる。", "furigana": "{君|きみ}はそのシャツを{着|き}るとしゃれてみえる。", "en": "You look smart in the shirt.", "tatoeba_id": 177768 }, { "ja": "彼女しゃれた格好してるね。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}しゃれた{格好|かっこう}してるね。", "en": "She's smartly dressed.", "tatoeba_id": 95145 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2caf209780a6cb771e45831fd4138d008c44ab2bb8a372153a32b3c2ef196a62", "meanings": [ "时髦", "风趣" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "君はそのシャツを着るとしゃれてみえる。", "zh": "你穿那件衬衫看起来很时髦。" }, { "ja": "彼女しゃれた格好してるね。", "zh": "她穿得真时髦啊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0d2aa6414a", "JMdict ent_seq 1568670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "97dfcd655bdfa67ef42c3f6db0a84d6231402a2024aeb77b6115f45c6f60213f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6a1c8b9047", "word": "ジャンパー", "reading": "ジャンパー", "romaji": "janpaa", "meanings": [ "jacket", "jumper" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1065840, "examples": [ { "ja": "寒いのでジャンパーを着た。", "en": "I put on a jacket because it was cold." }, { "ja": "青いジャンパーを買いました。", "en": "I bought a blue jacket." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9a8d9a5dbe58988d816f8937d35ec92e9ece799b00511068f7f21f2d213bd167", "meanings": [ "夹克", "短外套" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "寒いのでジャンパーを着た。", "zh": "因为冷，我穿了夹克。" }, { "ja": "青いジャンパーを買いました。", "zh": "我买了一件蓝色夹克。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6a1c8b9047", "JMdict ent_seq 1065840; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3933211632c49b5ae1c31c31c420197be3132938229ca348c2eecb7ae3240fb7" } }, { "id": "c36a974856", "word": "ジャンプ", "reading": "ジャンプ", "romaji": "janpu", "meanings": [ "jump" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1065860, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はボールを取ろうとジャンプした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はボールを{取|と}ろうとジャンプした。", "en": "He jumped to get a ball.", "tatoeba_id": 110976 }, { "ja": "私は彼がジャンプするのを見た。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{彼|かれ}がジャンプするのを{見|み}た。", "en": "I saw him jump.", "tatoeba_id": 154579 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f1c1266b5143a359703bb6ba512447763f3f272fe8bb9d809c89daa7ec70d227", "meanings": [ "跳跃" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はボールを取ろうとジャンプした。", "zh": "他跳起来想接球。" }, { "ja": "私は彼がジャンプするのを見た。", "zh": "我看到他跳了起来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c36a974856", "JMdict ent_seq 1065860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3651328af0e2a8e6ca5a9ed0ad3350d7b13cc78a6338e3fadea7039e36bb3912", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "857ae72c6a", "word": "ジャンボ", "reading": "ジャンボ", "romaji": "janbo", "meanings": [ "jumbo" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1065880, "examples": [ { "ja": "ジャンボサイズの箱を買った。", "en": "I bought a jumbo-sized box." }, { "ja": "ジャンボ機が空港に到着した。", "en": "A jumbo jet arrived at the airport." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "54492720711061a33149c4afb67c5881faa4d591a9047a863fb581cbc7ca9b2b", "meanings": [ "特大号", "巨型" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ジャンボサイズの箱を買った。", "zh": "我买了一个特大号箱子。" }, { "ja": "ジャンボ機が空港に到着した。", "zh": "一架大型喷气客机抵达了机场。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/857ae72c6a", "JMdict ent_seq 1065880; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "ジャンボ尾崎是人名或绰号，不是展示一般“巨型”义的例句。", "review_hash": "e6d0e7fcfbf97bf121136eec2a4345ff627e4d4557ab8f2f447e6361b87dada0" } }, { "id": "0fe3697d0a", "word": "ジャンル", "reading": "ジャンル", "romaji": "janru", "meanings": [ "genre" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1065920, "examples": [ { "ja": "このジャンルの曲が好きです。", "furigana": "このジャンルの{曲|きょく}が{好|す}きです。", "en": "I like this kind of music.", "tatoeba_id": 8585822 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "750e4f1cf38c8865c6e47495c4ef8c6242138ecfffc0f243338f5e5ed3c42c58", "meanings": [ "类型", "体裁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このジャンルの曲が好きです。", "zh": "我喜欢这种类型的曲子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0fe3697d0a", "JMdict ent_seq 1065920; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bfbd31d18b152d4c2f48b0eef58024cd751c91fdf97d519e4da36abe952b0042" } }, { "id": "6fdfa5e5ee", "word": "種", "reading": "しゅ", "romaji": "shu", "meanings": [ "kind", "variety", "species" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1328810, "examples": [ { "ja": "６種の道具がひとまとまりになっている。", "furigana": "６{種|しゅ}の{道具|どうぐ}がひとまとまりになっている。", "en": "A half-dozen tools make up the tool collection.", "tatoeba_id": 235028 }, { "ja": "彼はその種の問題を解決する名人だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{種|しゅ}の{問題|もんだい}を{解決|かいけつ}する{名人|めいじん}だ。", "en": "He is an expert at solving such problems.", "tatoeba_id": 112684 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "74a0ca52df2f8ddbeccee0e54e1a17aa78a8a184a3a543a9e16d807e14e43e61", "meanings": [ "种类", "物种" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "６種の道具がひとまとまりになっている。", "zh": "六种工具组成了一套。" }, { "ja": "彼はその種の問題を解決する名人だ。", "zh": "他是解决那类问题的高手。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6fdfa5e5ee", "JMdict ent_seq 1328810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b14eb4aff7eb7609422e3cb69a0db0068bc6bb07f79f03b105b5c026bc83e670", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5f947c1f81", "word": "周", "reading": "しゅう", "romaji": "shuu", "meanings": [ "circuit", "lap", "circumference", "vicinity", "Chou (dynasty)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1331020, "examples": [ { "ja": "その衛星は地球の軌道を１０周した。", "en": "The satellite made 10 orbits of the earth.", "tatoeba_id": 212210 }, { "ja": "飛行機は離陸後に空港を二周した。", "en": "The plane circled the airport twice after taking off.", "tatoeba_id": 85605 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "90fdf3648aeb3d1dc6b3fbc267b2ec29496c3a9dd0ad94d0512ac186a9095b6c", "meanings": [ "圈", "周" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その衛星は地球の軌道を１０周した。", "zh": "那颗卫星绕地球飞行了十圈。" }, { "ja": "飛行機は離陸後に空港を二周した。", "zh": "飞机起飞后绕机场飞了两圈。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5f947c1f81", "JMdict ent_seq 1331020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1c5b0db0446566e9f1d7a2e4aa763b62dc228fbed7902849134370048bd6f37d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "99966c63b8", "word": "衆", "reading": "しゅう", "romaji": "shuu", "meanings": [ "masses", "great number", "the people" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1333240, "examples": [ { "ja": "大衆の声に耳を傾ける。", "en": "Listen to the voices of the public." }, { "ja": "民衆が広場に集まった。", "en": "The people gathered in the square." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "42eb68901278c27e69be007d2c90371e0480f764c680334fc371eb52067de273", "meanings": [ "众人", "大众" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大衆の声に耳を傾ける。", "zh": "倾听大众的声音。" }, { "ja": "民衆が広場に集まった。", "zh": "民众聚集在广场。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/99966c63b8", "JMdict ent_seq 1333240; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "衆常构成大衆、民衆等词，表示众人。", "review_hash": "255a481ae98f2452806d80a443cd1abb556d905fd133c695c6ccbee496151ef5" } }, { "id": "66ac33159b", "word": "私有", "reading": "しゆう", "romaji": "shiyuu", "meanings": [ "private ownership" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1311390, "examples": [ { "ja": "その土地は個人の私有です。", "en": "The land is privately owned." }, { "ja": "私有地に無断で入らないでください。", "en": "Do not enter private land without permission." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "717cdf1a4ac86d10ddfa8edd8382cfc3454b1927af97728d95563902fa7f5afd", "meanings": [ "私有", "私人所有" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その土地は個人の私有です。", "zh": "那块土地属于私人所有。" }, { "ja": "私有地に無断で入らないでください。", "zh": "请不要擅自进入私有土地。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/66ac33159b", "JMdict ent_seq 1311390; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9177b9df1346f17c38f97bb98ef2b7ab11a118cb2e507a8c6d972950c8a2f32d" } }, { "id": "3a37cfc263", "word": "住", "reading": "じゅう", "romaji": "juu", "meanings": [ "dwelling", "living" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1333910, "examples": [ { "ja": "衣食住は生活の基本です。", "en": "Clothing, food, and shelter are basic necessities." }, { "ja": "住に関する支援を受けた。", "en": "I received assistance concerning housing." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cc54dccc739849fb2d7dfe80efb12c16cc0c3ce46e1bb51bd9d189b74941318b", "meanings": [ "居住", "住宅" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "衣食住は生活の基本です。", "zh": "衣食住是生活的基本需求。" }, { "ja": "住に関する支援を受けた。", "zh": "我获得了住房方面的援助。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3a37cfc263", "JMdict ent_seq 1333910; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "住（じゅう）常见于衣食住等复合词，与动词住む的读法不同。", "review_hash": "62c40506a6b47b5b76498547a6c84eb4b5e27f61d025d973df1ae4eb0adff9bd" } }, { "id": "ca33fac1ae", "word": "収益", "reading": "しゅうえき", "romaji": "shuueki", "meanings": [ "earnings", "proceeds", "returns" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1330500, "examples": [ { "ja": "その投資は現在６％の収益を彼にもたらしている。", "furigana": "その{投資|とうし}は{現在|げんざい}６％の{収益|しゅうえき}を{彼|かれ}にもたらしている。", "en": "The investment now yields him 6%.", "tatoeba_id": 207472 }, { "ja": "旅行会社の収益が急増した。", "furigana": "{旅行会社|りょこうがいしゃ}の{収益|しゅうえき}が{急増|きゅうぞう}した。", "en": "Travel agencies' profits soared.", "tatoeba_id": 78146 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b79ce8fc5f0143d35c49f9acd1992573848d347a8a5ac7ee483acc9caf2dce44", "meanings": [ "收益" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その投資は現在６％の収益を彼にもたらしている。", "zh": "那项投资现在给他带来百分之六的收益。" }, { "ja": "旅行会社の収益が急増した。", "zh": "旅行公司的收益急剧增加。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ca33fac1ae", "JMdict ent_seq 1330500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "086379db1865bac2e95a0f3aad1a2e7ea297c44335fc9b97f389584a2f643d68", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0699f319be", "word": "修学", "reading": "しゅうがく", "romaji": "shuugaku", "meanings": [ "learning" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1331950, "examples": [ { "ja": "海外での修学を希望している。", "en": "I hope to study abroad." }, { "ja": "修学のために故郷を離れた。", "en": "I left my hometown to pursue my studies." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "60ba94588a2ec42bdce95a595905834eb980368ebfc12488053356e342662045", "meanings": [ "求学", "学习" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "海外での修学を希望している。", "zh": "我希望去海外求学。" }, { "ja": "修学のために故郷を離れた。", "zh": "我为了求学离开了故乡。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0699f319be", "JMdict ent_seq 1331950; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cf4be4c1b287d39fc9bdc191e7e2e3d63dd4aa99f54388474a10cd0b2b07e2b1" } }, { "id": "36e8d19bfd", "word": "周期", "reading": "しゅうき", "romaji": "shuuki", "meanings": [ "cycle", "period" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1331090, "examples": [ { "ja": "この波は一定の周期で繰り返される。", "en": "This wave repeats at a fixed period." }, { "ja": "周期を測定した。", "en": "I measured the period." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ab90bd35f198a0bd13ba95efbc66baf0c5eaf4ecfc330d40c571553e59a95e02", "meanings": [ "周期", "循环" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この波は一定の周期で繰り返される。", "zh": "这个波以固定周期重复。" }, { "ja": "周期を測定した。", "zh": "我测量了周期。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/36e8d19bfd", "JMdict ent_seq 1331090; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "66f763c2abc62129e6636191efc120be865162edeb706ce4c3abf80063423738" } }, { "id": "5dab2cd493", "word": "衆議院", "reading": "しゅうぎいん", "romaji": "shuugiin", "meanings": [ "Lower House", "House of Representatives" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1333260, "examples": [ { "ja": "衆議院の少数派の議席は、急速にむしばまれてきています。", "en": "The number of minority seats in the Lower House is rapidly eroding.", "tatoeba_id": 148152 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c8ddcc60c44f13d38277fc3569e8aa89fa094cd9e29841a2b26c2f49a2c92543", "meanings": [ "众议院" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "衆議院の少数派の議席は、急速にむしばまれてきています。", "zh": "众议院少数派的席位正迅速减少。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5dab2cd493", "JMdict ent_seq 1333260; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c445f9c0dc031b9e36c480e2603da431ae4bfe8df5029f0a7e00ee82c34c0366" } }, { "id": "e1fdef8d38", "word": "就業", "reading": "しゅうぎょう", "romaji": "shuugyou", "meanings": [ "employment", "starting work" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1331590, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は卒業後に就業した。", "en": "He began working after graduation." }, { "ja": "就業時間は午前九時からです。", "en": "Working hours start at nine in the morning." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0441b31ff72b6d8c570579e56d417cf1ad946da67c0859db6b4cda31e97f4d92", "meanings": [ "就业", "开始工作" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は卒業後に就業した。", "zh": "他毕业后开始工作。" }, { "ja": "就業時間は午前九時からです。", "zh": "工作时间从上午九点开始。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e1fdef8d38", "JMdict ent_seq 1331590; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "就業指就业或开始工作；修業指学习和训练。", "review_hash": "d06e39a1350c6faca975e916bdc6d480245e81f22733c5c05c6312b53b2f8e74" } }, { "id": "0f1bb19bcf", "word": "修業", "reading": "しゅうぎょう", "romaji": "shuugyou", "meanings": [ "pursuit of knowledge", "studying", "learning", "training", "ascetic practice", "discipline" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1579800, "examples": [ { "ja": "只今、僕は旅立ちの日に向けて修業中です。", "en": "Right now I'm training in preparation for the day we set off.", "tatoeba_id": 74393 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2e37c4918eeab5dac6b7070e3c00fc8b464556d3fd74e6cf34490b2e19d22804", "meanings": [ "修业", "学习", "训练" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "只今、僕は旅立ちの日に向けて修業中です。", "zh": "我现在正为了出发之日而修业。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0f1bb19bcf", "JMdict ent_seq 1579800; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "972d951e37fc87d1b1d79fab509ae5072bc8cafea1388f83384aa13afd0bfa99" } }, { "id": "5109d1778b", "word": "従業員", "reading": "じゅうぎょういん", "romaji": "juugyouin", "meanings": [ "employee", "worker" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1335250, "examples": [ { "ja": "従業員たちは超過勤務をするのに異議を唱えた。", "furigana": "{従業員|じゅうぎょういん}たちは{超過勤務|ちょうかきんむ}をするのに{異議|いぎ}を{唱|とな}えた。", "en": "The employees demurred at working overtime.", "tatoeba_id": 148020 }, { "ja": "彼は従業員によい待遇をしている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{従業員|じゅうぎょういん}によい{待遇|たいぐう}をしている。", "en": "He treats his employees well.", "tatoeba_id": 104349 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "804ddd3e3817ac85d14335fcbc10eefe3ecbb8b70d185b145d38083ec3ba692a", "meanings": [ "员工" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "従業員たちは超過勤務をするのに異議を唱えた。", "zh": "员工们反对加班。" }, { "ja": "彼は従業員によい待遇をしている。", "zh": "他善待员工。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5109d1778b", "JMdict ent_seq 1335250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c92e82c1f30ca1ee7901fef1174ded64635367b93e4a099041044b73ae88987a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "818b55e107", "word": "集計", "reading": "しゅうけい", "romaji": "shuukei", "meanings": [ "totalization", "aggregate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1333640, "examples": [ { "ja": "国際監視団は投票の集計をしました。", "furigana": "{国際監視団|こくさいかんしだん}は{投票|とうひょう}の{集計|しゅうけい}をしました。", "en": "International observers counted up the ballot.", "tatoeba_id": 173059 }, { "ja": "当社はアンケート入力、アンケート集計のお手伝いをする少数精鋭のベンチャーです。", "en": "Our company is a small but elect venture business that assists in entry and totalling of questionnaires.", "tatoeba_id": 75847 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fe24bdde16a17fe03e09dda85da95b70eebc57d3fbd4c8d955257165181ac62a", "meanings": [ "汇总", "统计" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "国際監視団は投票の集計をしました。", "zh": "国际观察团统计了选票。" }, { "ja": "当社はアンケート入力、アンケート集計のお手伝いをする少数精鋭のベンチャーです。", "zh": "我们是一家精干的小型创业公司，协助问卷录入和统计。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/818b55e107", "JMdict ent_seq 1333640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "11c99132f70a6044026920985dcedba970c610f780d63525f43e7ff628503958", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "07cab7ee92", "word": "襲撃", "reading": "しゅうげき", "romaji": "shuugeki", "meanings": [ "attack", "charge", "raid" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1333340, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はそこで反徒の襲撃を受けた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はそこで{反徒|はんと}の{襲撃|しゅうげき}を{受|う}けた。", "en": "He was attacked there by the rebels.", "tatoeba_id": 113247 }, { "ja": "特務機関が彼を襲撃から守っている。", "furigana": "{特務機関|とくむきかん}が{彼|かれ}を{襲撃|しゅうげき}から{守|まも}っている。", "en": "The secret service guards him against attack.", "tatoeba_id": 123439 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a142f9de2f53fd7370155e5e664e39d07db56ef033a4c9327cc541c875cdfeda", "meanings": [ "袭击" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はそこで反徒の襲撃を受けた。", "zh": "他在那里遭到叛军袭击。" }, { "ja": "特務機関が彼を襲撃から守っている。", "zh": "特务机关保护他免受袭击。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/07cab7ee92", "JMdict ent_seq 1333340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bc1ae4b8919d22c72164511ec4732afe4f3525cd3a224595b1bb7dbb86eb2dc5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "212095a8b4", "word": "収支", "reading": "しゅうし", "romaji": "shuushi", "meanings": [ "income and expenditure" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1330640, "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカでは多くの夫婦が収支をあわせるため共稼ぎをしている。", "furigana": "アメリカでは{多|おお}くの{夫婦|ふうふ}が{収支|しゅうし}をあわせるため{共稼|ともかせ}ぎをしている。", "en": "Many couples in America both work to make ends meet.", "tatoeba_id": 230251 }, { "ja": "私は収支を合わすのに苦労しました。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{収支|しゅうし}を{合|あ}わすのに{苦労|くろう}しました。", "en": "I had a hard time making both ends meet.", "tatoeba_id": 156045 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "cf89b5a4dc14f6622b6d1d48da5d4ceebf9107a790d6243a8d9696fdb5f46301", "meanings": [ "收支" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカでは多くの夫婦が収支をあわせるため共稼ぎをしている。", "zh": "在美国，许多夫妻都双职工以维持收支平衡。" }, { "ja": "私は収支を合わすのに苦労しました。", "zh": "我费力地平衡收支。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/212095a8b4", "JMdict ent_seq 1330640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bc00d2c72df238c38f621fff698e23c693ff577f45fe053c9df1004945151972", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ddff5ba694", "word": "修士", "reading": "しゅうし", "romaji": "shuushi", "meanings": [ "Masters degree program" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1332020, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は法学修士の学位を得た。", "en": "He got a master's degree in law.", "tatoeba_id": 100041 }, { "ja": "彼女は３年前に修士の学位をとりました。", "en": "She got a master's degree three years ago.", "tatoeba_id": 93533 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6c9710d8ec4c29767ec53e5d889291b75cf8171b10c13178fcfcffdabea06c95", "meanings": [ "硕士" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は法学修士の学位を得た。", "zh": "他获得了法学硕士学位。" }, { "ja": "彼女は３年前に修士の学位をとりました。", "zh": "她三年前取得了硕士学位。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ddff5ba694", "JMdict ent_seq 1332020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "31dff93bc87be7cb97928959342d472bad12fcc44ff821a372d67d9377906cc6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a7b0152ffc", "word": "終始", "reading": "しゅうし", "romaji": "shuushi", "meanings": [ "beginning and end", "from beginning to end", "doing a thing from beginning to end" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1332820, "examples": [ { "ja": "前の会社では何でも屋に終始したので今度は専門職に就きたい。", "en": "I wore several hats at my last office so I'd like to specialize this time.", "tatoeba_id": 140985 }, { "ja": "私服警官が終始大統領の身辺を固めていた。", "furigana": "{私服警官|しふくけいかん}が{終始|しゅうし}{大統領|だいとうりょう}の{身辺|しんぺん}を{固|かた}めていた。", "en": "The private detectives accompanied the President everywhere.", "tatoeba_id": 151223 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0c35f5d8c1349ec72cef654647f7ad57d41583cb564bc642c58352f8b9b51c6a", "meanings": [ "始终", "自始至终" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "前の会社では何でも屋に終始したので今度は専門職に就きたい。", "zh": "在前公司一直是个什么都做的人，这次想找专业工作。" }, { "ja": "私服警官が終始大統領の身辺を固めていた。", "zh": "便衣警察始终守护在总统身边。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a7b0152ffc", "JMdict ent_seq 1332820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "72db2a76f888120ede75fab071535dc5f20fe9061f0fbcb52e5396d944db14eb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ed87166555", "word": "従事", "reading": "じゅうじ", "romaji": "juuji", "meanings": [ "engaging", "pursuing", "following" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1335320, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はエイズの研究に従事している。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はエイズの{研究|けんきゅう}に{従事|じゅうじ}している。", "en": "I am engaged in AIDS research.", "tatoeba_id": 161310 }, { "ja": "彼は生物学の研究に従事していた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{生物学|せいぶつがく}の{研究|けんきゅう}に{従事|じゅうじ}していた。", "en": "He was engaged in biological research.", "tatoeba_id": 103188 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fde01c762191e41eae0c78d7f4ad64b4d8fd19853cebfd3b25efa865d442f3d6", "meanings": [ "从事" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はエイズの研究に従事している。", "zh": "我从事艾滋病研究。" }, { "ja": "彼は生物学の研究に従事していた。", "zh": "他从事生物学研究。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ed87166555", "JMdict ent_seq 1335320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5f350823762a782b354bde909b80bb3f2e66ec115653ab884b63ffb4cf6ad916", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "53a8f43b51", "word": "終日", "reading": "しゅうじつ", "romaji": "shuujitsu", "meanings": [ "all day" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1332980, "examples": [ { "ja": "終日雨が降ったりやんだりしていた。", "furigana": "{終日|しゅうじつ}{雨|あめ}が{降|ふ}ったりやんだりしていた。", "en": "It rained on and off all day.", "tatoeba_id": 148164 }, { "ja": "少年は終日その仕事を根気よくやった。", "furigana": "{少年|しょうねん}は{終日|しゅうじつ}その{仕事|しごと}を{根気|こんき}よくやった。", "en": "He kept at the job all day.", "tatoeba_id": 146545 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e60a6587a93bc6d725b5e6062f4611b6d3e26e9b7f849fb96e636d9774f9827f", "meanings": [ "整天" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "終日雨が降ったりやんだりしていた。", "zh": "整天下下停停地在下雨。" }, { "ja": "少年は終日その仕事を根気よくやった。", "zh": "男孩整天耐心地做那项工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/53a8f43b51", "JMdict ent_seq 1332980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e22c9e9baccf9164efa1310b38e240d66f8b05dec952028c678faa124accd573", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c4b4033801", "word": "充実", "reading": "じゅうじつ", "romaji": "juujitsu", "meanings": [ "fullness", "completion", "perfection", "substantiality", "enrichment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1334340, "examples": [ { "ja": "大いに充実した学生生活を送りたい。", "furigana": "{大|おお}いに{充実|じゅうじつ}した{学生生活|がくせいせいかつ}を{送|おく}りたい。", "en": "I want to have a full and enriching student-life.", "tatoeba_id": 137765 }, { "ja": "ここ品物は高いけど、その分アフターサービスが充実してるから。", "furigana": "ここ{品物|しなもの}は{高|たか}いけど、その{分|ぶん}アフターサービスが{充実|じゅうじつ}してるから。", "en": "Prices are high here but that's because the after-sale service is really good.", "tatoeba_id": 224220 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3e24bdc2d50f3ffe00a7adefc5434785e17ac7ebbc48431e91bb592c9b7680b5", "meanings": [ "充实", "完善" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大いに充実した学生生活を送りたい。", "zh": "我想度过非常充实的学生生活。" }, { "ja": "ここ品物は高いけど、その分アフターサービスが充実してるから。", "zh": "这里的东西虽贵，相应的售后服务却很完善。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c4b4033801", "JMdict ent_seq 1334340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b7721ca347ea668b13851c299cd5211375e2714b4d03e5aee3a83abf31473c2a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9510e4a8e0", "word": "収集", "reading": "しゅうしゅう", "romaji": "shuushuu", "meanings": [ "gathering up", "collection", "accumulation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1594720, "examples": [ { "ja": "情報を収集しなければならない。", "furigana": "{情報|じょうほう}を{収集|しゅうしゅう}しなければならない。", "en": "We have to gather information.", "tatoeba_id": 146043 }, { "ja": "私たちのゴミは週３回収集されます。", "en": "Our garbage is collected three times a week.", "tatoeba_id": 167113 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8267d692af1a27a00531ec53faaab8a35e7174ead41e4143bc9bf3537c3b1f64", "meanings": [ "收集" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "情報を収集しなければならない。", "zh": "必须收集信息。" }, { "ja": "私たちのゴミは週３回収集されます。", "zh": "我们的垃圾每周收集三次。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9510e4a8e0", "JMdict ent_seq 1594720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5ca13983c6334360878a13bcba2d398a86ff0a3215fe32ee1e72fe809901c2fa", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "887c7b645a", "word": "修飾", "reading": "しゅうしょく", "romaji": "shuushoku", "meanings": [ "ornamentation", "embellishment", "decoration", "adornment", "polish up (writing)", "modification (gram)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1332070, "examples": [ { "ja": "名詞を修飾するものは、形容詞または形容詞相当語句です。", "furigana": "{名詞|めいし}を{修飾|しゅうしょく}するものは、{形容詞|けいようし}または{形容詞相当語句|けいようしそうとうごく}です。", "en": "Things that modify nouns are adjectives or equivalent to adjectives.", "tatoeba_id": 10109643 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c66b1e69dd12f6ca5bfdf6b7db34027d71233cdb312816805b41a2f5068dd92e", "meanings": [ "修饰", "装饰" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "名詞を修飾するものは、形容詞または形容詞相当語句です。", "zh": "修饰名词的是形容词或相当于形容词的词组。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/887c7b645a", "JMdict ent_seq 1332070; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "85fd141093e772a87dae20efbf1c28aff4405eaa04e26e3db82e84628dac928a" } }, { "id": "9d761dba21", "word": "十字路", "reading": "じゅうじろ", "romaji": "juujiro", "meanings": [ "crossroads" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1334750, "examples": [ { "ja": "その事故はある十字路で起こった。", "furigana": "その{事故|じこ}はある{十字路|じゅうじろ}で{起|お}こった。", "en": "The accident happened at a crossroads.", "tatoeba_id": 209865 }, { "ja": "その十字路に着いた時タクシーはスピードを落とした。", "furigana": "その{十字路|じゅうじろ}に{着|つ}いた{時|とき}タクシーはスピードを{落|お}とした。", "en": "When we came to the crossroads our cab slowed down.", "tatoeba_id": 209430 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "20c7c869e11e3f62b81330a70b9110385c9989cc463183b40011e09c3f6afcbe", "meanings": [ "十字路口" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その事故はある十字路で起こった。", "zh": "那场事故发生在一个十字路口。" }, { "ja": "その十字路に着いた時タクシーはスピードを落とした。", "zh": "出租车到达那个十字路口时减速了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9d761dba21", "JMdict ent_seq 1334750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2c4da948b43a4f0ebc6f20f18e54f08d5caf1c46d1cff2929e50bddaeb8703e4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "27fa290805", "word": "執着", "reading": "しゅうちゃく", "romaji": "shuuchaku", "meanings": [ "attachment", "adhesion", "tenacity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1594740, "other_readings": [ "しゅうじゃく" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は弁護士になれるという希望に執着していた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{弁護士|べんごし}になれるという{希望|きぼう}に{執着|しゅうちゃく}していた。", "en": "He clung to the hope that he could be a lawyer.", "tatoeba_id": 100102 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8c286dbbdc76bd612b24d2dd68dd30270cd710cfa6e2a7d4e2565b156a5205dc", "meanings": [ "执着", "执念" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は弁護士になれるという希望に執着していた。", "zh": "他执着于能够成为律师的希望。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/27fa290805", "JMdict ent_seq 1594740; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d5f44eb0e522e140315b9cbd3cf5bb00b1ac37313b517e05bb29877c9f2ce31b" } }, { "id": "c08a9ce069", "word": "柔軟", "reading": "じゅうなん", "romaji": "juunan", "meanings": [ "flexible", "lithe" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1335480, "examples": [ { "ja": "考え方は柔軟でなければならない。", "furigana": "{考|かんが}え{方|かた}は{柔軟|じゅうなん}でなければならない。", "en": "You must be flexible in your thinking.", "tatoeba_id": 173445 }, { "ja": "もっと柔軟な態度をとりなさい。", "en": "Be more flexible.", "tatoeba_id": 193271 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "27bf5175ce21c3e096663d7ead67f1f29cb3d18e891d40debdf4b5f8daf700c8", "meanings": [ "柔软", "灵活" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "考え方は柔軟でなければならない。", "zh": "思维必须灵活。" }, { "ja": "もっと柔軟な態度をとりなさい。", "zh": "请采取更灵活的态度。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c08a9ce069", "JMdict ent_seq 1335480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e0ffcbab94ef017877e08f0589cdc702b42b876f6790939e904951fb6e4d84bc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c81e1499d4", "word": "重複", "reading": "じゅうふく", "romaji": "juufuku", "meanings": [ "duplication", "repetition", "overlapping", "redundancy", "restoration" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1579980, "examples": [ { "ja": "この文は重複したため削除されました。", "en": "This sentence has been deleted because it was a duplicate.", "tatoeba_id": 10025725 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1c279bc536b9e1a39bfc09b1efff4b4aeadf9160d77a62238d74cae28597fa8c", "meanings": [ "重复", "重叠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この文は重複したため削除されました。", "zh": "这个句子因为重复被删除了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c81e1499d4", "JMdict ent_seq 1579980; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "重複一般读ちょうふく，也可读じゅうふく；此条保留源读音。", "review_hash": "c42527c3f10e6e7e25d611dc2bfdf96646d92a15b397884dc263e579cd40bbfc" } }, { "id": "4ad1f0d660", "word": "収容", "reading": "しゅうよう", "romaji": "shuuyou", "meanings": [ "accommodation", "reception", "seating", "housing", "custody", "admission", "entering (in a dictionary)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1330880, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの教会施設は避難民を収容している。", "en": "That church organization takes in refugees.", "tatoeba_id": 231090 }, { "ja": "このホテルは５００人の客を収容できる。", "en": "This hotel can accommodate 500 guests.", "tatoeba_id": 223155 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "df61f2129ba37475b4bbbc204ee8611ca8def9b1cf80372c3e83310374abdb12", "meanings": [ "收容", "容纳" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの教会施設は避難民を収容している。", "zh": "那座教堂设施收容了避难者。" }, { "ja": "このホテルは５００人の客を収容できる。", "zh": "这家酒店可容纳五百名客人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4ad1f0d660", "JMdict ent_seq 1330880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5f2d24f27a210bea004af8e743c4c12a16ad6d0c0439b423a97bbb698468d072", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8e3037b894", "word": "従来", "reading": "じゅうらい", "romaji": "juurai", "meanings": [ "up to now", "so far", "traditional" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1335400, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は従来の習慣と違ったことをした。", "en": "He departed from the old custom.", "tatoeba_id": 104346 }, { "ja": "彼の発明品は従来の装置よりも優れている。", "en": "His invention is superior to conventional equipment.", "tatoeba_id": 116343 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d341ceebd2f12f6937215c215baab0be63f4181d95611558c6f4eb85ff2d895e", "meanings": [ "以往", "传统" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は従来の習慣と違ったことをした。", "zh": "他做了与以往习惯不同的事。" }, { "ja": "彼の発明品は従来の装置よりも優れている。", "zh": "他的发明比传统装置更优秀。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8e3037b894", "JMdict ent_seq 1335400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4c7bad82b42f2632538676f2f316d22c30a8c70c7d7df968bee3191b08df8501", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1a8f36d596", "word": "修了", "reading": "しゅうりょう", "romaji": "shuuryou", "meanings": [ "completion (of a course)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1332450, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は高校の全課程を修了した。", "en": "I completed the whole high school curriculum.", "tatoeba_id": 157106 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8308039ec708f6885cc7cad95332b34d2f7502189fdba3a3fc6e8a07c4ad6d1e", "meanings": [ "修完", "完成（课程）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は高校の全課程を修了した。", "zh": "我完成了高中的全部课程。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1a8f36d596", "JMdict ent_seq 1332450; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8538ee1143665c85d5232a7165f0f97aa6df580936898a0d21f3394d8fbbb6bc" } }, { "id": "a75e6df041", "word": "守衛", "reading": "しゅえい", "romaji": "shuei", "meanings": [ "security guard", "doorkeeper" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1327130, "examples": [ { "ja": "守衛にとがめられた。", "furigana": "{守衛|しゅえい}にとがめられた。", "en": "I was challenged by a gatekeeper.", "tatoeba_id": 148668 }, { "ja": "彼らの鞄は門の所で守衛に調べられた。", "en": "Their bags were checked by security guards at the gate.", "tatoeba_id": 98537 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "48bb193eb2f220fea2b509f3d55580d2995e1b462087601cdb179e0766ea6284", "meanings": [ "门卫", "警卫" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "守衛にとがめられた。", "zh": "我被门卫盘问了。" }, { "ja": "彼らの鞄は門の所で守衛に調べられた。", "zh": "他们的包在门口被门卫检查了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a75e6df041", "JMdict ent_seq 1327130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cbed47cf7842414a750c2259cfb9a3ff8ffe4c7b3e28388a217b1225774480c4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d6c727091a", "word": "主演", "reading": "しゅえん", "romaji": "shuen", "meanings": [ "starring", "playing the leading part" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1325050, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は昨日チャーリーチャップリン主演の古い映画を見た。", "en": "I saw an old film featuring Charlie Chaplin yesterday.", "tatoeba_id": 156805 }, { "ja": "主演は誰ですか。", "furigana": "{主演|しゅえん}は{誰|だれ}ですか。", "en": "Who plays the lead?", "tatoeba_id": 148710 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "373f6b9ac72ca6544b606117ca3022e68d825988b186f66c0927b80399e69253", "meanings": [ "主演" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は昨日チャーリーチャップリン主演の古い映画を見た。", "zh": "我昨天看了查理·卓别林主演的一部老电影。" }, { "ja": "主演は誰ですか。", "zh": "主演是谁？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d6c727091a", "JMdict ent_seq 1325050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cb52304060a11b5caf15549eeeb751290699236384076f591b59a72de2b44195", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b5a566b9f3", "word": "主観", "reading": "しゅかん", "romaji": "shukan", "meanings": [ "subjectivity", "subject", "ego" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1325180, "examples": [ { "ja": "主観だけで判断しないようにする。", "en": "I try not to judge only by subjective impressions." }, { "ja": "その評価には主観が入っている。", "en": "That assessment includes subjective judgment." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "34b27b2d434ef15dff7b7ba3dbf5cfde452e053cf9d6d297a1c9e6ebb589bffe", "meanings": [ "主观", "主观意识" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "主観だけで判断しないようにする。", "zh": "我尽量不只凭主观判断。" }, { "ja": "その評価には主観が入っている。", "zh": "那个评价包含主观判断。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b5a566b9f3", "JMdict ent_seq 1325180; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "17cd26a018e38d39286243a3beccd3a373586dec145f85bc9feef778709e982c" } }, { "id": "cd7c2b10e4", "word": "塾", "reading": "じゅく", "romaji": "juku", "meanings": [ "coaching school", "lessons" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1337780, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は塾で勉強している。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{塾|じゅく}で{勉強|べんきょう}している。", "en": "He studies at a cram school.", "tatoeba_id": 104308 }, { "ja": "あの子を無理に塾に通わせるのは反対だね。", "en": "I'm against us forcing the child to go to cram school.", "tatoeba_id": 230956 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8ff561d487aebeae4fa04e759413f453c7a68d896a3fca0bd989f4989a9e3bae", "meanings": [ "补习班" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は塾で勉強している。", "zh": "他在补习班学习。" }, { "ja": "あの子を無理に塾に通わせるのは反対だね。", "zh": "我反对强迫那个孩子去补习班。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cd7c2b10e4", "JMdict ent_seq 1337780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bb4c549d46957cdbfd19180271225df2bb090c3f01864ecc3735f0331be3742e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a5af05c18b", "word": "祝賀", "reading": "しゅくが", "romaji": "shukuga", "meanings": [ "celebration", "congratulations" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1337410, "examples": [ { "ja": "優勝を祝う祝賀会が開かれた。", "en": "A celebration was held for the victory." }, { "ja": "祝賀の言葉を述べた。", "en": "I offered words of congratulations." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5b152a58071be2640a7c9abdfbde001dd64e2426e442391a43c2782926a449d6", "meanings": [ "祝贺", "庆祝" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "優勝を祝う祝賀会が開かれた。", "zh": "举行了庆祝胜利的庆祝会。" }, { "ja": "祝賀の言葉を述べた。", "zh": "我说了祝贺的话。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a5af05c18b", "JMdict ent_seq 1337410; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "486e74adc54822a31e6ce9aa3db748fac8f03383262f8a8d8f7be1786769c626" } }, { "id": "f5d1e73974", "word": "宿命", "reading": "しゅくめい", "romaji": "shukumei", "meanings": [ "fate", "destiny", "predestination" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1337330, "examples": [ { "ja": "洪水はかつてはこの地方には宿命であった。", "furigana": "{洪水|こうずい}はかつてはこの{地方|ちほう}には{宿命|しゅくめい}であった。", "en": "Previously, floods were fate for the region.", "tatoeba_id": 173533 }, { "ja": "仲間外れになるのが私の宿命みたいだ。", "en": "It seems to be my lot to be an odd man out.", "tatoeba_id": 126433 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a464b11f2f9ebb3963b9bd568ac62a796aaa78376b6b029ffe15c426aaf64b6d", "meanings": [ "宿命", "命运" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "洪水はかつてはこの地方には宿命であった。", "zh": "洪水曾是这个地区的宿命。" }, { "ja": "仲間外れになるのが私の宿命みたいだ。", "zh": "被排斥在外似乎是我的宿命。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f5d1e73974", "JMdict ent_seq 1337330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1b0c3c1ba20e58cf4f5cb62b6f44c7a4a2670a569f7b726b1fb6a4356425c3ae", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "48519b5fef", "word": "手芸", "reading": "しゅげい", "romaji": "shugei", "meanings": [ "handicrafts" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1327540, "examples": [ { "ja": "去年手芸コースを取っていたのです。", "en": "I took a handicraft course last year.", "tatoeba_id": 182204 }, { "ja": "彼女の手芸は趣味を通り越してプロに近い。", "en": "Her handicraft is more than a hobby. It's more like a profession.", "tatoeba_id": 94322 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6834a8cf364f943866e5c0eb3d76612ae40b8872ccaa464722ceff2e9e249d62", "meanings": [ "手工艺" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "去年手芸コースを取っていたのです。", "zh": "我去年上了手工艺课程。" }, { "ja": "彼女の手芸は趣味を通り越してプロに近い。", "zh": "她的手工已超越爱好，接近专业水平。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/48519b5fef", "JMdict ent_seq 1327540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5bd0fc513cd1be396d58588f3e839e504628bcd44cba3b394a408c384959fd0d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ffe3908e99", "word": "主権", "reading": "しゅけん", "romaji": "shuken", "meanings": [ "sovereignty", "supremacy", "dominion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1325360, "examples": [ { "ja": "主権は人民にある。", "furigana": "{主権|しゅけん}は{人民|じんみん}にある。", "en": "Sovereignty resides in the people.", "tatoeba_id": 148708 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "07bec3d6a2bcc14bbc632838276f75a0b0dccffed5c922f88e17b192bec77306", "meanings": [ "主权", "统治权" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "主権は人民にある。", "zh": "主权属于人民。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ffe3908e99", "JMdict ent_seq 1325360; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "14d640ea1a2975b650dbda3618b07535eb0a9c65b4ba0aedf4c12eec9a9b21b9" } }, { "id": "1873a19180", "word": "主催", "reading": "しゅさい", "romaji": "shusai", "meanings": [ "organization", "sponsorship" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1325450, "examples": [ { "ja": "今日のパーティーは誰が主催なの？", "en": "Who was in charge of today's party?", "tatoeba_id": 171980 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "33edcab8b01680a6a51a8b08d1218f0594e28b9092da98bf6d5f3eb4c68fd4d1", "meanings": [ "主办", "主持" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "今日のパーティーは誰が主催なの？", "zh": "今天的聚会是谁主办的？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1873a19180", "JMdict ent_seq 1325450; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ba333b2fea7ed5fae8ac9069c5aaa613d0b3c9c39165054805e9585bdc4a7444" } }, { "id": "735b7a1731", "word": "取材", "reading": "しゅざい", "romaji": "shuzai", "meanings": [ "choice of subject", "collecting data" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1327020, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は金融市場の取材を担当している。", "en": "She covers Wall Street.", "tatoeba_id": 90384 }, { "ja": "そのジャーナリストは自分の取材した事実を勝手に変えた。", "furigana": "そのジャーナリストは{自分|じぶん}の{取材|しゅざい}した{事実|じじつ}を{勝手|かって}に{変|か}えた。", "en": "The journalist took liberties with the facts he had gathered.", "tatoeba_id": 213053 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a838ee08de1bd122468f721201ffb92983d77573ba5426279efde31cf8d4499c", "meanings": [ "采访", "收集素材" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は金融市場の取材を担当している。", "zh": "她负责采访金融市场。" }, { "ja": "そのジャーナリストは自分の取材した事実を勝手に変えた。", "zh": "那位记者擅自改动了采访所得的事实。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/735b7a1731", "JMdict ent_seq 1327020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2c27929b7773245bf261735734e0c0073668a70c1cef01c0194467ad385c9361", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a8044edb4d", "word": "趣旨", "reading": "しゅし", "romaji": "shushi", "meanings": [ "object", "meaning" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1328990, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼のスピーチの主旨を教えてください。", "en": "Tell me the substance of his speech.", "tatoeba_id": 118303 }, { "ja": "彼は私を訪れるという主旨の手紙をくれた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{私|わたし}を{訪|おとず}れるという{主旨|しゅし}の{手紙|てがみ}をくれた。", "en": "He wrote to me to the effect that he would visit me.", "tatoeba_id": 105523 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "36e39a1d32f0c981911750c1a107b0f98791d6ff401fbcfbb5754b5cf13c44a8", "meanings": [ "宗旨", "主旨" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼のスピーチの主旨を教えてください。", "zh": "请告诉我他演讲的主旨。" }, { "ja": "彼は私を訪れるという主旨の手紙をくれた。", "zh": "他给我一封信，大意是要来拜访我。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a8044edb4d", "JMdict ent_seq 1328990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0baa6cda453e753831b3d7718d836eb354ff45225dcad48346daf68d5e1e7395", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f8675e729b", "word": "主食", "reading": "しゅしょく", "romaji": "shushoku", "meanings": [ "staple food" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1325640, "examples": [ { "ja": "日本では米が主食です。", "en": "The main diet in Japan is rice.", "tatoeba_id": 122749 }, { "ja": "日本人は米と魚を主食にしています。", "furigana": "{日本人|にほんじん}は{米|こめ}と{魚|さかな}を{主食|しゅしょく}にしています。", "en": "The basic Japanese diet consists mainly of rice and fish.", "tatoeba_id": 122232 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c64bc5003b70cb8718402bfa13ab0a583a12408a1c5f37648db9ec77e3b68ecf", "meanings": [ "主食" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "日本では米が主食です。", "zh": "日本以米饭为主食。" }, { "ja": "日本人は米と魚を主食にしています。", "zh": "日本人以米饭和鱼为主要食物。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f8675e729b", "JMdict ent_seq 1325640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5047cf7b49c894fe2dd244207de65945ce282aa51596109582dce2d11dce5481", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "818ef1c8d8", "word": "主人公", "reading": "しゅじんこう", "romaji": "shujinkou", "meanings": [ "protagonist", "main character", "hero(ine) (of a story)", "head of household" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1325680, "examples": [ { "ja": "主人公は、本の最後で死んだ。", "furigana": "{主人公|しゅじんこう}は、{本|ほん}の{最後|さいご}で{死|し}んだ。", "en": "The hero died at the end of the book.", "tatoeba_id": 148695 }, { "ja": "その劇は主人公の死で終わる。", "furigana": "その{劇|げき}は{主人公|しゅじんこう}の{死|し}で{終|お}わる。", "en": "The play concludes with the hero's death.", "tatoeba_id": 211158 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8aaa730b24080d50d18aca52eec0044f9eb8ce251a9f7068d4728d29bec3bed0", "meanings": [ "主人公", "主角" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "主人公は、本の最後で死んだ。", "zh": "主人公在书的结尾死了。" }, { "ja": "その劇は主人公の死で終わる。", "zh": "那出戏以主人公之死结束。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/818ef1c8d8", "JMdict ent_seq 1325680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5d6a30e97e4c21a268837523bb869099d56e000bbb6c419f92f9456108db970f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5339e0154c", "word": "主体", "reading": "しゅたい", "romaji": "shutai", "meanings": [ "subject", "main constituent" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1325840, "examples": [ { "ja": "主体・客体さえ訳せればあとはそこまで難しくないです。", "en": "If you can translate the subject and object then after that it isn't so difficult.", "tatoeba_id": 75273 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c48c9ce3f0d498566d26378680430b1a060afd577ce9b7536a4037a490d86589", "meanings": [ "主体", "主要部分" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "主体・客体さえ訳せればあとはそこまで難しくないです。", "zh": "只要能翻译主体和客体，其余就不太难。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5339e0154c", "JMdict ent_seq 1325840; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d6e0a2b9ac2c1c56679395bed29c81133bc88c7bd7bcf60f13f77b9ff738b49c" } }, { "id": "7cc70dbcb0", "word": "主題", "reading": "しゅだい", "romaji": "shudai", "meanings": [ "subject", "theme", "motif" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1325870, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はこの主題に精通している。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はこの{主題|しゅだい}に{精通|せいつう}している。", "en": "I am familiar with this subject.", "tatoeba_id": 160869 }, { "ja": "主題を見失ってはいけない。", "furigana": "{主題|しゅだい}を{見失|みうしな}ってはいけない。", "en": "You must not lose sight of your main object.", "tatoeba_id": 148694 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "84764933c31c6760f5e4bc44ade6641988297a6f659340e78baa692808c1d3dd", "meanings": [ "主题" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はこの主題に精通している。", "zh": "我熟悉这个主题。" }, { "ja": "主題を見失ってはいけない。", "zh": "不要偏离主题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7cc70dbcb0", "JMdict ent_seq 1325870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "309cc25b7a3497ef372e58f564ccbe1a7e4f055f6f322d64d48131d612384750", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e65e4a2244", "word": "出演", "reading": "しゅつえん", "romaji": "shutsuen", "meanings": [ "performance", "stage appearance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1338290, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は昨夜のテレビに出演した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{昨夜|ゆうべ}のテレビに{出演|しゅつえん}した。", "en": "He appeared on television last night.", "tatoeba_id": 106744 }, { "ja": "彼はテレビの劇に何度も出演してきた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はテレビの{劇|げき}に{何度|なんど}も{出演|しゅつえん}してきた。", "en": "He has acted on TV many times.", "tatoeba_id": 111791 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c7bd3cd292d862a223906ce2058c3632d76accd2a8b838bb4d5b641880cab3c8", "meanings": [ "出演", "演出" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は昨夜のテレビに出演した。", "zh": "他昨晚在电视上出演了。" }, { "ja": "彼はテレビの劇に何度も出演してきた。", "zh": "他多次出演电视剧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e65e4a2244", "JMdict ent_seq 1338290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f666fa6ebbeb822a860736da228318cd945fea0776df54ce1d5725d1875ed47a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9200a3f01e", "word": "出血", "reading": "しゅっけつ", "romaji": "shukketsu", "meanings": [ "bleeding", "haemorrhage" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1338750, "examples": [ { "ja": "２、３時間出血が続きます。", "en": "You'll have bleeding for a few hours.", "tatoeba_id": 235635 }, { "ja": "歯茎から出血をしています。", "furigana": "{歯茎|はぐき}から{出血|しゅっけつ}をしています。", "en": "I have bleeding gums.", "tatoeba_id": 150934 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3c1fd6f09f6b8a51f56b4ea2014587efa994381371bab9d82a36f63be33cd605", "meanings": [ "出血" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "２、３時間出血が続きます。", "zh": "出血会持续两三个小时。" }, { "ja": "歯茎から出血をしています。", "zh": "牙龈在出血。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9200a3f01e", "JMdict ent_seq 1338750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a19f5dee91de88afe7e68c9f3f6aea875aca582f34a7bc2877845dd0b1186465", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a41e86909d", "word": "出産", "reading": "しゅっさん", "romaji": "shussan", "meanings": [ "(child)birth", "delivery", "production (of goods)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1339010, "examples": [ { "ja": "一卵性双生児を出産しました。", "furigana": "{一卵性双生児|いちらんせいそうせいじ}を{出産|しゅっさん}しました。", "en": "I delivered identical twins.", "tatoeba_id": 190033 }, { "ja": "姉は六月に出産の予定です。", "furigana": "{姉|あね}は{六月|ろくがつ}に{出産|しゅっさん}の{予定|よてい}です。", "en": "My sister is having a baby in June.", "tatoeba_id": 168887 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2d9028177a2eef305d6f6be8f2b8ed503bf855cf61ed98a19f3c2432fec1a4b0", "meanings": [ "生产", "分娩" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "一卵性双生児を出産しました。", "zh": "我生了一对同卵双胞胎。" }, { "ja": "姉は六月に出産の予定です。", "zh": "姐姐预定六月分娩。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a41e86909d", "JMdict ent_seq 1339010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "138ac1e8d95c9403691c8be00760bd7e7126bfff84eca0b00df657e4f5473b3c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "62919df179", "word": "出社", "reading": "しゅっしゃ", "romaji": "shussha", "meanings": [ "arrival (in a country, at work, etc.)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1339150, "examples": [ { "ja": "日曜日に出社したので月曜日が代休だった。", "furigana": "{日曜日|にちようび}に{出社|しゅっしゃ}したので{月曜日|げつようび}が{代休|だいきゅう}だった。", "en": "I worked on Sunday, so I had Monday off.", "tatoeba_id": 122154 }, { "ja": "土曜日には出社する必要がありません。", "furigana": "{土曜日|どようび}には{出社|しゅっしゃ}する{必要|ひつよう}がありません。", "en": "You need not come to the office on Saturdays.", "tatoeba_id": 124473 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "327fec35dd239ec619cf5f1acc61bede8a52589a62e258c712f199d2ad2d71f5", "meanings": [ "上班", "到公司" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "日曜日に出社したので月曜日が代休だった。", "zh": "因为星期天上班，所以星期一补休。" }, { "ja": "土曜日には出社する必要がありません。", "zh": "星期六不必到公司上班。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/62919df179", "JMdict ent_seq 1339150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c643d19e4e15bcf33a25d1bbcaddb8962e29273e60b66548668c47a52db6ebbf", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "08f2c740b5", "word": "出生", "reading": "しゅっしょう", "romaji": "shusshou", "meanings": [ "birth" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1580050, "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい出生政策は人口増加ゼロをめざしています。", "en": "The new birth policy is aimed at achieving zero population growth.", "tatoeba_id": 145378 }, { "ja": "出生の届出を役所に提出した。", "en": "I submitted the birth notification to the municipal office." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "986f73fa5380d11a6be172092c3d7c7caabccaf84eb2e126adbecfb1ba49652d", "meanings": [ "出生", "诞生" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい出生政策は人口増加ゼロをめざしています。", "zh": "新的出生政策以人口零增长为目标。" }, { "ja": "出生の届出を役所に提出した。", "zh": "我向市政机关提交了出生申报。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/08f2c740b5", "JMdict ent_seq 1580050; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "出生可读しゅっしょう，也可读しゅっせい。", "review_hash": "55915775f7b2ebaa9bc701890b6f70bdcf1fefa2b3537720152b63dcf63cda8e" } }, { "id": "39cc6f9b57", "word": "出世", "reading": "しゅっせ", "romaji": "shusse", "meanings": [ "promotion", "successful career", "eminence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1339340, "examples": [ { "ja": "川さんは家柄でなく実力で出世しました。", "en": "Mr. Kawa made it to the top due to his own abilities, not because of his family.", "tatoeba_id": 149283 }, { "ja": "もちろん私は自らの努力で出世するべきだという考えに賛成です。", "furigana": "もちろん{私|わたし}は{自|みずか}らの{努力|どりょく}で{出世|しゅっせ}するべきだという{考|かんが}えに{賛成|さんせい}です。", "en": "Obviously I agree that you should advance in life through your own efforts.", "tatoeba_id": 421710 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a6b4debf08df31fc7625895175f48fa9a77a8cdb1410bb00b49b149c2c7d33ac", "meanings": [ "出人头地", "晋升" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "川さんは家柄でなく実力で出世しました。", "zh": "川先生不是靠出身，而是凭实力出人头地。" }, { "ja": "もちろん私は自らの努力で出世するべきだという考えに賛成です。", "zh": "当然，我赞成应该通过自己的努力出人头地。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/39cc6f9b57", "JMdict ent_seq 1339340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d31903cfab079c74723f3eb629054db71be69d5f2365e1a29bd3f00ae1aae99c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "260de2f79a", "word": "出題", "reading": "しゅつだい", "romaji": "shutsudai", "meanings": [ "proposing a question" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1339620, "examples": [ { "ja": "どういった時事が公務員試験で出題されるのか。", "furigana": "どういった{時事|じじ}が{公務員試験|こうむいんしけん}で{出題|しゅつだい}されるのか。", "en": "What sort of current affairs appear in the civil service examination?", "tatoeba_id": 76531 }, { "ja": "最終試験でボブは全くひどい目にあった。出題範囲が講義の全てにわたっていたのだ。", "en": "At his final exam, Bob was really put through the wringer; the test covered everything that was in the course.", "tatoeba_id": 170518 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6d36efa7e7cf01ee265fac8ff485979b0bde50f9cf99a5df80caa07496f46093", "meanings": [ "出题" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "どういった時事が公務員試験で出題されるのか。", "zh": "公务员考试会考哪些时事？" }, { "ja": "最終試験でボブは全くひどい目にあった。出題範囲が講義の全てにわたっていたのだ。", "zh": "鲍勃在期末考试中吃了苦头，出题范围涵盖了所有课程。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/260de2f79a", "JMdict ent_seq 1339620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "953bd784418a575b6e37cdfb4cf4d5c92b16e64a4d4b4c300927c2d89fc41001", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fe60adf28d", "word": "出動", "reading": "しゅつどう", "romaji": "shutsudou", "meanings": [ "sailing", "marching", "going out" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1339880, "examples": [ { "ja": "その反乱を鎮圧するために軍隊の出動が要請された。", "furigana": "その{反乱|はんらん}を{鎮圧|ちんあつ}するために{軍隊|ぐんたい}の{出動|しゅつどう}が{要請|ようせい}された。", "en": "The army was called to suppress the revolt.", "tatoeba_id": 207175 }, { "ja": "政府当局は暴動を鎮圧するために軍を出動させました。", "en": "The authorities sent in troops to quell the riot.", "tatoeba_id": 143057 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a81e04682ad1af47e78779d80cf31c384d3900007d5bb54418c92c1b06652ac5", "meanings": [ "出动", "派遣" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その反乱を鎮圧するために軍隊の出動が要請された。", "zh": "为了镇压叛乱，军队被要求出动。" }, { "ja": "政府当局は暴動を鎮圧するために軍を出動させました。", "zh": "政府当局派军队镇压暴动。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fe60adf28d", "JMdict ent_seq 1339880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "01db7f2548d575cd711eae964915069e819c4b95673f8d99848e2b4e9a375379", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "294542503f", "word": "出費", "reading": "しゅっぴ", "romaji": "shuppi", "meanings": [ "expenses", "disbursements" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1340180, "examples": [ { "ja": "金をためるには出費を切りつめないと。", "en": "We must cut our expenses to save money.", "tatoeba_id": 179705 }, { "ja": "その計画は会社に多額の出費を負わせるでしょう。", "furigana": "その{計画|けいかく}は{会社|かいしゃ}に{多額|たがく}の{出費|しゅっぴ}を{負|お}わせるでしょう。", "en": "The project will entail great expense upon the company.", "tatoeba_id": 211259 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9bfe56b1fd582fdec58c8feaae71652ae900e576f8b0ee3364be4ab9dab9c413", "meanings": [ "开支", "费用" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "金をためるには出費を切りつめないと。", "zh": "要攒钱就必须削减开支。" }, { "ja": "その計画は会社に多額の出費を負わせるでしょう。", "zh": "那个计划会让公司承担大量费用。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/294542503f", "JMdict ent_seq 1340180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3cd85d048e667376a007e7d02f7c38001c77a9f67d88bfb538fd7f7c4c90a742", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "50282fcaac", "word": "出品", "reading": "しゅっぴん", "romaji": "shuppin", "meanings": [ "exhibit", "display" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1340190, "examples": [ { "ja": "トムが出品した絵は皆入賞した。", "furigana": "トムが{出品|しゅっぴん}した{絵|え}は{皆|みな}{入賞|にゅうしょう}した。", "en": "Tom got prizes for all the pictures he sent to the exhibition.", "tatoeba_id": 10079866 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "04115857b979b4649569f26569c9625eb3632bbf32c04147c2f8d7ba69d13696", "meanings": [ "展出", "参展" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "トムが出品した絵は皆入賞した。", "zh": "汤姆参展的画全部获奖了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/50282fcaac", "JMdict ent_seq 1340190; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "be0059f93c90c5c8a600771934c96cce078d96e9f3e1366a3aff877788bc7078" } }, { "id": "84ab3941cb", "word": "主導", "reading": "しゅどう", "romaji": "shudou", "meanings": [ "main leadership" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1325980, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女が計画を主導した。", "en": "She led the plan." }, { "ja": "地域が主導して事業を進める。", "en": "The community leads the project." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c99753fc88d971def116f5f8c3ed1277f64779dc8c0fe4f6abb06259e42edc72", "meanings": [ "主导", "领导" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女が計画を主導した。", "zh": "她主导了这个计划。" }, { "ja": "地域が主導して事業を進める。", "zh": "由当地社区主导推进项目。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/84ab3941cb", "JMdict ent_seq 1325980; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c8ec316ebcdb1863b3b826c1aac389dffdeff77cf0c17ffc69ec4fb175e60916" } }, { "id": "4f38fa0c68", "word": "主任", "reading": "しゅにん", "romaji": "shunin", "meanings": [ "person in charge", "responsible official" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1326040, "examples": [ { "ja": "その問題は主任をひどく苦しめた。", "furigana": "その{問題|もんだい}は{主任|しゅにん}をひどく{苦|くる}しめた。", "en": "The problem tortured the chief.", "tatoeba_id": 206411 }, { "ja": "主任技師は助手と協力して研究した。", "furigana": "{主任|しゅにん}{技師|ぎし}は{助手|じょしゅ}と{協力|きょうりょく}して{研究|けんきゅう}した。", "en": "The chief engineer did research hand in hand with his assistant.", "tatoeba_id": 148692 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "833f0698bff99109eb2bfe312de12f4a69fc234c20560abb672ff1bd2015a05c", "meanings": [ "主任", "负责人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その問題は主任をひどく苦しめた。", "zh": "那个问题让负责人非常苦恼。" }, { "ja": "主任技師は助手と協力して研究した。", "zh": "主任工程师与助手合作研究。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4f38fa0c68", "JMdict ent_seq 1326040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "47754fa83a56b98b5c064c0222de9e69c98a6688648e7b75de7fbb8ced1f7b45", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6f3e64ab9f", "word": "首脳", "reading": "しゅのう", "romaji": "shunou", "meanings": [ "head", "brains" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1329360, "examples": [ { "ja": "７カ国の首脳がその会議に出席した。", "furigana": "７カ{国|こく}の{首脳|しゅのう}がその{会議|かいぎ}に{出席|しゅっせき}した。", "en": "The top leaders of seven countries attended the meeting.", "tatoeba_id": 235016 }, { "ja": "先進７カ国の首脳は２０００年、沖縄に集まる。", "furigana": "{先進|せんしん}７カ{国|こく}の{首脳|しゅのう}は２０００{年|ねん}、{沖縄|おきなわ}に{集|あつ}まる。", "en": "The leaders of seven industrial democracies will meet in Okinawa in 2000.", "tatoeba_id": 141805 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "994fb854d4e455ba610cdb78c56f9d937a2ba4d13021fe8f6afac10e35b79edd", "meanings": [ "首脑", "领导人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "７カ国の首脳がその会議に出席した。", "zh": "七国首脑出席了那次会议。" }, { "ja": "先進７カ国の首脳は２０００年、沖縄に集まる。", "zh": "七个发达国家的领导人于2000年齐聚冲绳。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6f3e64ab9f", "JMdict ent_seq 1329360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a33e078cb1c613366ec6efbfed14dc76adccd1adea426b6c7988e0b414de8128", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4259132ca8", "word": "守備", "reading": "しゅび", "romaji": "shubi", "meanings": [ "defense" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1327180, "examples": [ { "ja": "私達のチームは守備が良い。", "en": "Our football team has a good defense.", "tatoeba_id": 151998 }, { "ja": "彼はよい打者であるだけでなくすばらしい守備の選手でもある。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はよい{打者|だしゃ}であるだけでなくすばらしい{守備|しゅび}の{選手|せんしゅ}でもある。", "en": "He is not only a good batter but also a wonderful defense.", "tatoeba_id": 110458 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "104cffd7505597754333e1e7edc793534d740fceb52eabe5e028c36dd7b20293", "meanings": [ "防守" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私達のチームは守備が良い。", "zh": "我们队防守很好。" }, { "ja": "彼はよい打者であるだけでなくすばらしい守備の選手でもある。", "zh": "他不仅是优秀的击球手，也是出色的防守球员。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4259132ca8", "JMdict ent_seq 1327180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2674c46239cbd8afc9fdd0eaade0976a45ff95241c1b016d14039e2673c9c333", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9041da3ded", "word": "手法", "reading": "しゅほう", "romaji": "shuhou", "meanings": [ "technique" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1328380, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の手法は全く驚くべきものだった。", "en": "His technique was absolutely amazing.", "tatoeba_id": 117024 }, { "ja": "彼女の手法は私たちよりはるかに進んでいる。", "en": "Her method is far in advance of ours.", "tatoeba_id": 94317 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c338a3f06fab2a720c0940e6f88c2da8066608b3fb346946d5a09b8f2cec5df1", "meanings": [ "手法", "方法" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の手法は全く驚くべきものだった。", "zh": "他的方法非常惊人。" }, { "ja": "彼女の手法は私たちよりはるかに進んでいる。", "zh": "她的方法远比我们的先进。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9041da3ded", "JMdict ent_seq 1328380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b6c8631986a8c1a74c1e9280c8c4bd869eec4b9c8a97e0bf4b61df2ef987fa7e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cea6de0386", "word": "樹木", "reading": "じゅもく", "romaji": "jumoku", "meanings": [ "trees and shrubs", "arbour" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1330400, "examples": [ { "ja": "果実がなる樹木は、成長するための空間がかなり必要だ。", "furigana": "{果実|かじつ}がなる{樹木|じゅもく}は、{成長|せいちょう}するための{空間|くうかん}がかなり{必要|ひつよう}だ。", "en": "Fruit trees require a large amount of space in which to grow.", "tatoeba_id": 186810 }, { "ja": "公園は樹木がよく茂っている。", "furigana": "{公園|こうえん}は{樹木|じゅもく}がよく{茂|しげ}っている。", "en": "The park is well wooded.", "tatoeba_id": 174023 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f53ed05a3d8820663423f6607b0f8b5c16ca72578c7eb6697d7e10ac491c0c38", "meanings": [ "树木" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "果実がなる樹木は、成長するための空間がかなり必要だ。", "zh": "结果的树木需要相当大的生长空间。" }, { "ja": "公園は樹木がよく茂っている。", "zh": "公园里的树木长得很茂盛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cea6de0386", "JMdict ent_seq 1330400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c14bbd02c8f9d940c2f05cdf1171a1d83066af52ce6cf69e062a9debdb6e93ed", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bb5c203cbf", "word": "樹立", "reading": "じゅりつ", "romaji": "juritsu", "meanings": [ "establish", "create" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1330410, "examples": [ { "ja": "イギリス人は１６０９年アメリカに植民地を樹立した。", "furigana": "イギリス{人|じん}は１６０９{年|ねん}アメリカに{植民地|しょくみんち}を{樹立|じゅりつ}した。", "en": "The English established colonies in America in 1609.", "tatoeba_id": 229223 }, { "ja": "彼女は走り高跳びの世界記録を樹立した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{走|はし}り{高跳|たかと}びの{世界記録|せかいきろく}を{樹立|じゅりつ}した。", "en": "She set the world record for the high jump.", "tatoeba_id": 88162 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f2aa5a2103dc39e9d6389669789f93ab4e528534a04dc6e175e9a3261c92b5d1", "meanings": [ "建立", "创立" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "イギリス人は１６０９年アメリカに植民地を樹立した。", "zh": "英国人于1609年在美洲建立了殖民地。" }, { "ja": "彼女は走り高跳びの世界記録を樹立した。", "zh": "她创造了跳高世界纪录。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bb5c203cbf", "JMdict ent_seq 1330410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "75a751633a19f5dc4b03d7902d7e5ec39f16f8de10c1cdc97c3f6bc4d784dcb8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "96cf2aa192", "word": "準急", "reading": "じゅんきゅう", "romaji": "junkyuu", "meanings": [ "local express (train, slower than an express)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1341540, "examples": [ { "ja": "新宿駅まで準急で行ったのよ。", "en": "I went to Tokyo Station by the local express.", "tatoeba_id": 13715812 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "244bf414a5d60aa9925372d209c796fe1a4f8c60124e7c9c4d1873ca62c7537b", "meanings": [ "准急（列车）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新宿駅まで準急で行ったのよ。", "zh": "我乘准急到了新宿站。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/96cf2aa192", "JMdict ent_seq 1341540; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1d09b204b6b9adfe54adc46fee4b29140a617e1c34b07a01724edf73e8bf65cf" } }, { "id": "b1ee5bce69", "word": "準じる", "reading": "じゅんじる", "romaji": "junjiru", "meanings": [ "to follow", "to conform", "to apply to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1341510, "examples": [ { "ja": "この規則は前例に準じて適用する。", "en": "This rule is applied in accordance with precedent." }, { "ja": "給与は経験者に準じて決める。", "en": "The salary is set in line with that for experienced workers." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "177c1c3dde8f4a44a211ff16a39f6465e8081b099b6fff41bc26ce8375a0dcee", "meanings": [ "依照", "比照", "遵循" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この規則は前例に準じて適用する。", "zh": "这条规则按照先例适用。" }, { "ja": "給与は経験者に準じて決める。", "zh": "工资参照有经验人员的标准决定。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b1ee5bce69", "JMdict ent_seq 1341510; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "準じる与準ずる近义，表示依照或比照。", "review_hash": "381fa48ae0ce289fadef3349a1803ea5963e9f0a41e84483635589666811c790" } }, { "id": "55bb56c25e", "word": "準ずる", "reading": "じゅんずる", "romaji": "junzuru", "meanings": [ "to apply correspondingly", "to correspond to", "to be proportionate to", "to conform to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vz", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1341520, "examples": [ { "ja": "この投資案を実行するには、事業本部長、あるいはそれに準ずる役職以上の決裁が必要です。", "en": "This investment plan requires approval from the director of operations or someone of equally high status in order to execute.", "tatoeba_id": 9851647 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "10f432a7b232fc7d4fca5d5074ad3acf5cea3421ad0eac1f5645cdd2998aa770", "meanings": [ "依照", "相当于" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この投資案を実行するには、事業本部長、あるいはそれに準ずる役職以上の決裁が必要です。", "zh": "执行这项投资方案需要事业本部长或相当级别以上人员批准。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/55bb56c25e", "JMdict ent_seq 1341520; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d91439baf13d1e7711fb6ef234d5f6c3b68f406574c251cda2d9a6c0ca6132ad" } }, { "id": "936ab44960", "word": "諸", "reading": "しょ", "romaji": "sho", "meanings": [ "various", "many", "several" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1344210, "examples": [ { "ja": "諸設備の費用は払っていただきます。", "en": "You have to pay for utilities.", "tatoeba_id": 147390 }, { "ja": "諸事実がこの仮説を実証している。", "en": "The facts bear out this hypothesis.", "tatoeba_id": 147391 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8da2a1228508823a633d581e60db4e6d1cd15bd0e6517e76a9b006422fe872f7", "meanings": [ "诸", "各种" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "諸設備の費用は払っていただきます。", "zh": "请支付各项设施的费用。" }, { "ja": "諸事実がこの仮説を実証している。", "zh": "各种事实证实了这个假说。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/936ab44960", "JMdict ent_seq 1344210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7a6b77324af6b86edaa4a6d281e518d793c50dafe6869184465db9aa2e482288", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "205f3a5a29", "word": "助", "reading": "じょ", "romaji": "jo", "meanings": [ "help", "rescue", "assistant" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1344360, "examples": [ { "ja": "助監督が撮影を支えた。", "en": "The assistant director supported the filming." }, { "ja": "助教が実験を指導した。", "en": "The assistant professor supervised the experiment." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e57bcd7cdc4efcdc3c8ec62ca3544530aeb07fcbc7a4e35577674b60b047e082", "meanings": [ "助", "辅助" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "助監督が撮影を支えた。", "zh": "副导演协助拍摄。" }, { "ja": "助教が実験を指導した。", "zh": "助教指导了实验。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/205f3a5a29", "JMdict ent_seq 1344360; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "助作前缀用于助教、助監督等，表示辅助。", "review_hash": "e22d86c05e05f3fb4e2f6cc5ab0ef1a65ff7cd002ac110baa8ec3e65bfadb38c" } }, { "id": "de97947c0c", "word": "商", "reading": "しょう", "romaji": "shou", "meanings": [ "quotient" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1346570, "examples": [ { "ja": "十二を三で割った商は四です。", "en": "The quotient of twelve divided by three is four." }, { "ja": "商と余りを求めてください。", "en": "Please find the quotient and remainder." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c3d41baa4033512a0d1843ef41c426c38ab456ec8bbd6525e692cc565d93d13c", "meanings": [ "商（除法结果）", "商业" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "十二を三で割った商は四です。", "zh": "十二除以三的商是四。" }, { "ja": "商と余りを求めてください。", "zh": "请计算商和余数。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/de97947c0c", "JMdict ent_seq 1346570; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "商（しょう）在数学中指除法所得的商；商う读あきなう。", "review_hash": "5e6f0fe596ca9b7e3d041970926af80fd22c72523658f91bc1afff814e0391bb" } }, { "id": "3fd60efde5", "word": "症", "reading": "しょう", "romaji": "shou", "meanings": [ "illness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1351000, "examples": [ { "ja": "メアリーは本当に心配症ね。", "en": "Mary is such a worrywart.", "tatoeba_id": 194702 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "12c348df2436e2716be49441f6cf90b7311cd6a5f3c2667e0f2c793a33109bfe", "meanings": [ "症", "病症" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "メアリーは本当に心配症ね。", "zh": "玛丽真是个爱操心的人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3fd60efde5", "JMdict ent_seq 1351000; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7623791259e830c5ca0f3e649e46fc83b6f0d4dc0eb7eac587f76ea7617e875e" } }, { "id": "c72bbc5aaa", "word": "象", "reading": "しょう", "romaji": "shou", "meanings": [ "phenomenon" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1351820, "examples": [ { "ja": "象という字には形や現象という意味がある。", "en": "The character shou can mean form or phenomenon." }, { "ja": "古い文献で象という語を調べた。", "en": "I looked up the word shou in an old text." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6bdac1bf8d48308c53afd23add8e0010ff7f54e9b92e77d75ef484c94fc968c9", "meanings": [ "形象", "现象", "形态" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "象という字には形や現象という意味がある。", "zh": "象这个字有形态或现象的意思。" }, { "ja": "古い文献で象という語を調べた。", "zh": "我在古籍中查了“象”这个词。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c72bbc5aaa", "JMdict ent_seq 1351820; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0eaad7a6c89dd31a9d0b09e07404101c8ebf866ba94d490bac2914cc8b10a69d" } }, { "id": "ed2023474e", "word": "仕様", "reading": "しよう", "romaji": "shiyou", "meanings": [ "way", "method", "resource", "remedy", "(technical) specification" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1305500, "examples": [ { "ja": "仕様、価格は変更することがあります。", "furigana": "{仕様|しよう}、{価格|かかく}は{変更|へんこう}することがあります。", "en": "Specifications and price are subject to change.", "tatoeba_id": 169008 }, { "ja": "全てを考慮してもやはり勝てない仕様になっています。", "furigana": "{全|すべ}てを{考慮|こうりょ}してもやはり{勝|か}てない{仕様|しよう}になっています。", "en": "All things considered, it's set up so it isn't possible to win.", "tatoeba_id": 74767 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f2c6965f53e66e3e2870e570e3511523e5ed89e86a15029b794744593dc6ce09", "meanings": [ "规格", "方法" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "仕様、価格は変更することがあります。", "zh": "规格和价格可能会变更。" }, { "ja": "全てを考慮してもやはり勝てない仕様になっています。", "zh": "即使考虑所有因素，设计上仍然是赢不了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ed2023474e", "JMdict ent_seq 1305500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b87e52e3a9e421bcb5ba65716c02e641e8cbd40f083b1e315e78cc34f09e9b5d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e80e0fe969", "word": "私用", "reading": "しよう", "romaji": "shiyou", "meanings": [ "personal use", "private business" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "adj-no", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1311410, "examples": [ { "ja": "上司は会社の電話で私用の電話をかけたといって私をひどく叱った。", "en": "My boss called me down for making private calls on the office phone.", "tatoeba_id": 146240 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5426a402a0aa60e9761a0578a901dbea6426606591f9349b9ddf74f3fb4ae35f", "meanings": [ "私事", "私人用途" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "上司は会社の電話で私用の電話をかけたといって私をひどく叱った。", "zh": "上司因为我用公司电话打私人电话而狠狠训斥了我。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e80e0fe969", "JMdict ent_seq 1311410; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e4b2f28677d04bba885c728025b19f2123230817d0d8f8052d86e6cf3e8f3a78" } }, { "id": "cc76244cd1", "word": "尉", "reading": "じょう", "romaji": "jou", "meanings": [ "inspector (ritsuryo office)", "old man", "white ash" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1156390, "examples": [ { "ja": "律令制には尉という官職があった。", "en": "The ritsuryo system had an office called jo." }, { "ja": "尉は古い官職の一つです。", "en": "Jo is one of the old administrative offices." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9930f8df03beefa2dd4226b0e8c90ae5453b0b5f088c7f13b174a0691a9652b0", "meanings": [ "尉（古代官职）", "老人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "律令制には尉という官職があった。", "zh": "律令制中有称为尉的官职。" }, { "ja": "尉は古い官職の一つです。", "zh": "尉是古代官职之一。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cc76244cd1", "JMdict ent_seq 1156390; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "尉（じょう）在律令制中是古代官职；军衔中的尉通常读い。", "review_hash": "742935160589424dfe89e1a281996642d831e16a327d3988c766d64b5c674e7d" } }, { "id": "ed26af448e", "word": "嬢", "reading": "じょう", "romaji": "jou", "meanings": [ "young woman" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1355930, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はブラウン嬢との婚約を発表した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はブラウン{嬢|じょう}との{婚約|こんやく}を{発表|はっぴょう}した。", "en": "He announced his engagement to Miss Brown.", "tatoeba_id": 111093 }, { "ja": "田中嬢は長年アメリカにいたので英語を話すのが非常にうまい。", "en": "Having been in America for many years, Miss Tanaka is a very good speaker of English.", "tatoeba_id": 124866 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7e01122ffede2e5734e85eb3160bc31b7bb49ddf04e7d304770bcf82ce561777", "meanings": [ "小姐（敬称）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はブラウン嬢との婚約を発表した。", "zh": "他宣布与布朗小姐订婚。" }, { "ja": "田中嬢は長年アメリカにいたので英語を話すのが非常にうまい。", "zh": "田中小姐在美国待了多年，英语说得非常好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ed26af448e", "JMdict ent_seq 1355930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5cfdcd0f64b071dff4aa8860c7c2b4f01876cb85159fa9e653326a782b310874", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "29a0a31b60", "word": "情", "reading": "じょう", "romaji": "jou", "meanings": [ "feelings", "emotion", "passion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1356210, "examples": [ { "ja": "暴君の心は哀れみの情で和らいだ。", "furigana": "{暴君|ぼうくん}の{心|こころ}は{哀|あわ}れみの{情|じょう}で{和|やわ}らいだ。", "en": "The tyrant's heart melted with compassion.", "tatoeba_id": 82518 }, { "ja": "情にほだされて思わず涙を流した。", "furigana": "{情|じょう}にほだされて{思|おも}わず{涙|なみだ}を{流|なが}した。", "en": "I was moved to tears in spite of myself.", "tatoeba_id": 146062 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fd68a183fd8b34f99eea8b39e2ffebf09ca84c8e36f5a6d191a74850225313ce", "meanings": [ "感情", "情义" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "暴君の心は哀れみの情で和らいだ。", "zh": "暴君的心因怜悯之情而软化。" }, { "ja": "情にほだされて思わず涙を流した。", "zh": "被人情打动，不由得流下了眼泪。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/29a0a31b60", "JMdict ent_seq 1356210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f807c0cfe6a9990c22b6cadef93d2c69ba7ae86071bac14a729d8532ec4ce594", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b50c4ba582", "word": "状", "reading": "じょう", "romaji": "jou", "meanings": [ "shape" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1356690, "examples": [ { "ja": "水を加えてペースト状になるまでかき回しなさい。", "furigana": "{水|みず}を{加|くわ}えてペースト{状|じょう}になるまでかき{回|まわ}しなさい。", "en": "Add water and stir to a paste.", "tatoeba_id": 143709 }, { "ja": "チーズは細くスライスするか小さくキューブ状にカットします。", "en": "Cut the cheese into thin slices or into little cubes.", "tatoeba_id": 11582507 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4b80a164af82c43e3f0df8318328ee66ab8481ead257662fd2e5ce334c275570", "meanings": [ "形状", "状态" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "水を加えてペースト状になるまでかき回しなさい。", "zh": "加水搅拌至糊状。" }, { "ja": "チーズは細くスライスするか小さくキューブ状にカットします。", "zh": "把奶酪切成薄片或小立方块。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b50c4ba582", "JMdict ent_seq 1356690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "54c69d5f84f15394bed481e324a2f070877d9950b423f5468c298504dbf2fb6a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "afd91341e1", "word": "畳", "reading": "じょう", "romaji": "jou", "meanings": [ "tatami mat (esp. as a measure of room size, either 1.82 sqm or 1.54 sqm)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1356740, "examples": [ { "ja": "この部屋は六畳です。", "en": "This room measures six tatami mats." }, { "ja": "寝室は八畳あります。", "en": "The bedroom measures eight tatami mats." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8aa3a7cc8a56d77e6dab29595903501cbee502d916c4adae252eb90885deedba", "meanings": [ "榻榻米（面积单位）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この部屋は六畳です。", "zh": "这个房间有六张榻榻米大。" }, { "ja": "寝室は八畳あります。", "zh": "卧室有八张榻榻米大。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/afd91341e1", "JMdict ent_seq 1356740; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "畳（じょう）在此表示房间面积单位，具体面积因地区而异。", "review_hash": "264346932c51d3eeb24f3daf7f1cccc8d6f834d93e933e80b5dac0cf6d74f82f" } }, { "id": "23a5d41915", "word": "上位", "reading": "じょうい", "romaji": "joui", "meanings": [ "superior (rank not class)", "higher order (e.g. byte)", "host computer (of connected device)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1352590, "examples": [ { "ja": "フォーチューン誌上位５００社は新しい法律で最も打撃を受けました。", "en": "Fortune 500 companies were the hardest hit by recent legislation.", "tatoeba_id": 197196 }, { "ja": "上位２社で市場の５０％を上回るシェアを占めている。", "furigana": "{上位|じょうい}２{社|しゃ}で{市場|しじょう}の５０％を{上回|うわまわ}るシェアを{占|し}めている。", "en": "Between them, the two largest companies account for a share of more than 50% of the market.", "tatoeba_id": 146272 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bdaa28f2c3b157dfc556d2f09e25099e7b3643bf372b51772ec133cd237833c4", "meanings": [ "上位", "前列" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "フォーチューン誌上位５００社は新しい法律で最も打撃を受けました。", "zh": "《财富》前五百家公司受新法律的影响最大。" }, { "ja": "上位２社で市場の５０％を上回るシェアを占めている。", "zh": "前两家公司占据了超过百分之五十的市场份额。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/23a5d41915", "JMdict ent_seq 1352590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bd4ec01978553025d500bc947b0d98bec17c27a528724dbfd4740bb3969112a2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4ad1e5c9ab", "word": "上演", "reading": "じょうえん", "romaji": "jouen", "meanings": [ "performance (e.g. music)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1352670, "examples": [ { "ja": "その劇場では何が上演されていますか。", "furigana": "その{劇場|げきじょう}では{何|なに}が{上演|じょうえん}されていますか。", "en": "What is playing at the theater?", "tatoeba_id": 211151 }, { "ja": "その劇団は３幕ものの劇を上演した。", "furigana": "その{劇団|げきだん}は３{幕|まく}ものの{劇|げき}を{上演|じょうえん}した。", "en": "The company presented a three-act play.", "tatoeba_id": 211149 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a36816ba4c7b870e5fbbd76763e22483f25533d481a81441c8ca2a0f7d962cb5", "meanings": [ "上演" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その劇場では何が上演されていますか。", "zh": "那家剧院正在上演什么？" }, { "ja": "その劇団は３幕ものの劇を上演した。", "zh": "那个剧团上演了一部三幕剧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4ad1e5c9ab", "JMdict ent_seq 1352670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1a41298d9318d41a2a3a4911dbcce9a4d4aaa059bb7d50c0f79f57e1fafc37ad", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "115a9cef87", "word": "城下", "reading": "じょうか", "romaji": "jouka", "meanings": [ "land near the castle" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1355720, "examples": [ { "ja": "城下に商人の町が広がった。", "en": "A merchant town spread below the castle." }, { "ja": "城下を歩いて古い町並みを見た。", "en": "I walked around the castle town and saw the old streets." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d66b9cb4e13a0b48a8d56f116e42d56c7fbe9079156e95aeedbd4763ae6b47fe", "meanings": [ "城下", "城堡附近" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "城下に商人の町が広がった。", "zh": "城堡下方形成了商人聚居的街区。" }, { "ja": "城下を歩いて古い町並みを見た。", "zh": "我走过城下町，欣赏了古老街景。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/115a9cef87", "JMdict ent_seq 1355720; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "82a9d906a43d6e9c269b15d57f81f625635273146fbd808f882423483607c2db" } }, { "id": "4c7f08ecc1", "word": "消去", "reading": "しょうきょ", "romaji": "shoukyo", "meanings": [ "elimination", "erasing", "dying out", "melting away" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1350190, "examples": [ { "ja": "一番下の背景レイヤーを消去します。", "en": "Remove the lower-most background layer.", "tatoeba_id": 370043 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b771f2ffcd9d1a1566edf630da30b924ca769e7e5b496aac4581a53c3b9faf9d", "meanings": [ "消除", "删除" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "一番下の背景レイヤーを消去します。", "zh": "删除最下面的背景图层。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4c7f08ecc1", "JMdict ent_seq 1350190; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b733326b2544341bc665c17befbb2412cd01f313839a3b9f60940f3402be059e" } }, { "id": "e35d2b57f7", "word": "上空", "reading": "じょうくう", "romaji": "joukuu", "meanings": [ "sky", "the skies", "high-altitude sky", "upper air" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1353020, "examples": [ { "ja": "寒波が日本の上空を通過したのです。", "en": "A cold wave passed over Japan.", "tatoeba_id": 183991 }, { "ja": "大気の上空でさえ汚染されている。", "furigana": "{大気|たいき}の{上空|じょうくう}でさえ{汚染|おせん}されている。", "en": "Even the upper atmosphere is polluted.", "tatoeba_id": 137588 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7ba24882275f30ae9885e3f7de0ec1d3018ee851e26cdeb0a0e7c0e2ad5a11d0", "meanings": [ "上空" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "寒波が日本の上空を通過したのです。", "zh": "寒流经过了日本上空。" }, { "ja": "大気の上空でさえ汚染されている。", "zh": "甚至大气高处也受到污染。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e35d2b57f7", "JMdict ent_seq 1353020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bc726146bcebebf9c4dacdc0d87f7194e534527aa1d563d8b8afe3d3c0a107fc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6ea8615b30", "word": "衝撃", "reading": "しょうげき", "romaji": "shougeki", "meanings": [ "shock", "crash", "impact", "ballistic" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1351510, "examples": [ { "ja": "バンパーが衝撃をいくらか吸収してくれた。", "furigana": "バンパーが{衝撃|しょうげき}をいくらか{吸収|きゅうしゅう}してくれた。", "en": "The car bumper absorbed some of the impact.", "tatoeba_id": 197743 }, { "ja": "昨日見たニュースに衝撃を受けた。", "en": "I was shocked by yesterday's news.", "tatoeba_id": 169900 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e001c6e2cf6357920fa63b7691f3c9200ef72aff319d9f6bca8bd9f003604127", "meanings": [ "冲击", "震惊" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "バンパーが衝撃をいくらか吸収してくれた。", "zh": "保险杠吸收了一部分冲击。" }, { "ja": "昨日見たニュースに衝撃を受けた。", "zh": "昨天看到的新闻让我震惊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6ea8615b30", "JMdict ent_seq 1351510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "241d150bede3e85d0d3b80e0f4b4209b65886a530e1497eab8f5e82fedaad46e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ccf2d2747e", "word": "証言", "reading": "しょうげん", "romaji": "shougen", "meanings": [ "evidence", "testimony" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1351640, "examples": [ { "ja": "またヨハネは証言して言った。", "en": "Then John gave this testimony.", "tatoeba_id": 195472 }, { "ja": "彼は証言をするために召喚された。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{証言|しょうげん}をするために{召喚|しょうかん}された。", "en": "He was called to give evidence.", "tatoeba_id": 104034 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e01a85a9d573c7e8d8bb19534a98ddae5ade5082551822b1937df66d31369fa2", "meanings": [ "证言", "作证" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "またヨハネは証言して言った。", "zh": "约翰又作证说。" }, { "ja": "彼は証言をするために召喚された。", "zh": "他被传唤作证。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ccf2d2747e", "JMdict ent_seq 1351640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "094a74b7f68996a8c492517a50b4b197edb323fb5a5caab760a78dd0fea5d03c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bba5fd08c0", "word": "証拠", "reading": "しょうこ", "romaji": "shouko", "meanings": [ "evidence", "proof" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1351600, "examples": [ { "ja": "この証拠は彼にとって不利だった。", "furigana": "この{証拠|しょうこ}は{彼|かれ}にとって{不利|ふり}だった。", "en": "This evidence was against him.", "tatoeba_id": 221114 }, { "ja": "弁護士は、新しい証拠を提出した。", "furigana": "{弁護士|べんごし}は、{新|あたら}しい{証拠|しょうこ}を{提出|ていしゅつ}した。", "en": "The lawyer brought up new evidence.", "tatoeba_id": 83276 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1e03eae2298cdbbc9b1953bf5f03eb75f1815671fe3ff0a9d5718ade9106f43b", "meanings": [ "证据" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この証拠は彼にとって不利だった。", "zh": "这个证据对他不利。" }, { "ja": "弁護士は、新しい証拠を提出した。", "zh": "律师提交了新证据。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bba5fd08c0", "JMdict ent_seq 1351600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5630058881f18f3becac762922162b8fb777e3cacf6b1a367338fe1858a71a13", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "db0552b6b9", "word": "照合", "reading": "しょうごう", "romaji": "shougou", "meanings": [ "collation", "comparison" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1350920, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは学生の成績の照合をした。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちは{学生|がくせい}の{成績|せいせき}の{照合|しょうごう}をした。", "en": "We made a check of the student' records.", "tatoeba_id": 165971 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d73ca65875b1a5d930d1efdc54c1e669b9924e40531756be7e7208e1d12e509b", "meanings": [ "核对", "对照" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは学生の成績の照合をした。", "zh": "我们核对了学生成绩。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/db0552b6b9", "JMdict ent_seq 1350920; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6d92171556b374170b567f336069b010e622b662908953bba94cee898f93fed5" } }, { "id": "6ef434075e", "word": "詳細", "reading": "しょうさい", "romaji": "shousai", "meanings": [ "detail", "particulars" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1351760, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはその件を詳細に検討した。", "en": "We debated the matter at length.", "tatoeba_id": 166410 }, { "ja": "調査が詳細を明らかにするだろう。", "furigana": "{調査|ちょうさ}が{詳細|しょうさい}を{明|あき}らかにするだろう。", "en": "The investigation will probably bring a lot of details to light.", "tatoeba_id": 126033 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "edfe50e7d766c5cfdc2fecce4f20f71887b1f59cc46487a1ba75af2246f7e0b6", "meanings": [ "详细", "详情" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはその件を詳細に検討した。", "zh": "我们详细讨论了那件事。" }, { "ja": "調査が詳細を明らかにするだろう。", "zh": "调查将揭示详情。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6ef434075e", "JMdict ent_seq 1351760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4e24b1c373c20fc8dbbb4c4fb7bb25d63f9987158c52769949b6821bb68b515b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6aeb3b9da0", "word": "上司", "reading": "じょうし", "romaji": "joushi", "meanings": [ "superior authorities", "boss" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1353260, "examples": [ { "ja": "上司に残業させられたんだよ。", "furigana": "{上司|じょうし}に{残業|ざんぎょう}させられたんだよ。", "en": "My boss made me work overtime.", "tatoeba_id": 146249 }, { "ja": "彼はいつも上司と言い争っている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はいつも{上司|じょうし}と{言|い}い{争|あらそ}っている。", "en": "He is always at odds with his boss.", "tatoeba_id": 114511 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fbf9a35adb00216e0b3188d8d3e51e520d3cd51f49b980fa9686585ed7163814", "meanings": [ "上司" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "上司に残業させられたんだよ。", "zh": "我被上司要求加班了。" }, { "ja": "彼はいつも上司と言い争っている。", "zh": "他总是与上司争吵。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6aeb3b9da0", "JMdict ent_seq 1353260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "740247994467b00b6040492c17a2c73347b53e2fd28bc3824b7f9bf8a7c19960", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "07a920d7d5", "word": "情緒", "reading": "じょうしょ", "romaji": "jousho", "meanings": [ "emotion", "feeling" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1580510, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのような情緒と行動の分離に比べれば、破局的結果の方がまだましである。", "en": "Even disaster is better than such a divorce between emotion and action.", "tatoeba_id": 76629 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e4910c1becc70966bf73fe55b367e4abea526f0a0206f715d4fbb16079e399fb", "meanings": [ "情绪", "情感" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのような情緒と行動の分離に比べれば、破局的結果の方がまだましである。", "zh": "与那种情绪和行为的分离相比，灾难性的结果还更好一些。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/07a920d7d5", "JMdict ent_seq 1580510; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4103d8a819eeee4ccf28dcb656a3139f936abe52a52806c727d60548e721058d" } }, { "id": "1766fb87d2", "word": "上昇", "reading": "じょうしょう", "romaji": "joushou", "meanings": [ "rising", "ascending", "climbing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1353450, "examples": [ { "ja": "物価がどんどん上昇してきている。", "furigana": "{物価|ぶっか}がどんどん{上昇|じょうしょう}してきている。", "en": "Prices have been climbing steadily.", "tatoeba_id": 83815 }, { "ja": "昨年より物価の上昇が続いている。", "furigana": "{昨年|さくねん}より{物価|ぶっか}の{上昇|じょうしょう}が{続|つづ}いている。", "en": "Prices have been rising since last year.", "tatoeba_id": 169774 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b2d3fdcf8b4208f8bf273202f3554e73e3a463c3325e5416cf8c5dbff70b4444", "meanings": [ "上升" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "物価がどんどん上昇してきている。", "zh": "物价正在不断上涨。" }, { "ja": "昨年より物価の上昇が続いている。", "zh": "物价从去年起持续上涨。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1766fb87d2", "JMdict ent_seq 1353450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "703a84bad550eadc1319e71ce5274199802492b0c0cee5378a65ce915419623d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a829fec9ff", "word": "昇進", "reading": "しょうしん", "romaji": "shoushin", "meanings": [ "promotion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1349780, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は課長に昇進した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{課長|かちょう}に{昇進|しょうしん}した。", "en": "He was promoted to section chief.", "tatoeba_id": 109179 }, { "ja": "彼女は先輩を追い越して昇進した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{先輩|せんぱい}を{追|お}い{越|こ}して{昇進|しょうしん}した。", "en": "She was promoted over the heads of her seniors.", "tatoeba_id": 88233 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "df9c3d3468fa725b4ddbffecf008835d2b7c5158c643a10adb9172721118abf3", "meanings": [ "晋升" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は課長に昇進した。", "zh": "他升任科长。" }, { "ja": "彼女は先輩を追い越して昇進した。", "zh": "她超过前辈得到了晋升。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a829fec9ff", "JMdict ent_seq 1349780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f867fecca1f00c0b90d74ab84a2d98621a298a1c1fb355cdddd5dc4fb04891e9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "212f11a616", "word": "少数", "reading": "しょうすう", "romaji": "shousuu", "meanings": [ "minority", "few" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adv", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1349070, "examples": [ { "ja": "ヨットは少数の金持ちだけが楽しめるものだ。", "furigana": "ヨットは{少数|しょうすう}の{金持|かねも}ちだけが{楽|たの}しめるものだ。", "en": "Yachts are for the wealthy few.", "tatoeba_id": 192728 }, { "ja": "タンカーには少数の乗組員しかいない。", "furigana": "タンカーには{少数|しょうすう}の{乗組員|のりくみいん}しかいない。", "en": "The tanker has only a small crew on board.", "tatoeba_id": 203093 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "df5bbb633c4b732f23e6a4a6d4c9f24c7bfd484584beabc2a7005a46f6886ab8", "meanings": [ "少数" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ヨットは少数の金持ちだけが楽しめるものだ。", "zh": "帆船只有少数有钱人才能享受。" }, { "ja": "タンカーには少数の乗組員しかいない。", "zh": "油轮上只有少数船员。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/212f11a616", "JMdict ent_seq 1349070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2bfc768a849a340a7013409def019e0a26402e5d39be68f7f3102f55c5a6bb0e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bbfc6d3fb9", "word": "称する", "reading": "しょうする", "romaji": "shousuru", "meanings": [ "to pretend", "to take the name of", "to feign", "to purport" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vs-s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1351250, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は建築を凍結した音楽と称する。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{建築|けんちく}を{凍結|とうけつ}した{音楽|おんがく}と{称|しょう}する。", "en": "I call architecture frozen music.", "tatoeba_id": 157304 }, { "ja": "彼は自らを日本のエジソンと称した。", "en": "He called himself an Edison of Japan.", "tatoeba_id": 105240 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "232fb5e29386772703597b97d97171c3ab509083dc9166bc804d364d780cbb62", "meanings": [ "称为", "自称" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は建築を凍結した音楽と称する。", "zh": "我称建筑为凝固的音乐。" }, { "ja": "彼は自らを日本のエジソンと称した。", "zh": "他自称日本的爱迪生。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bbfc6d3fb9", "JMdict ent_seq 1351250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1a7dd71d81bfab8b004cc0dbe96122df9d8a242dc5d4e51690081f8cdbd5b9e4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4845859c7b", "word": "情勢", "reading": "じょうせい", "romaji": "jousei", "meanings": [ "state of things", "condition", "situation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1356320, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は情勢を把握することができる。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{情勢|じょうせい}を{把握|はあく}することができる。", "en": "She is able to grasp the situation.", "tatoeba_id": 88627 }, { "ja": "情勢は日増しに悪化している。", "furigana": "{情勢|じょうせい}は{日増|ひま}しに{悪化|あっか}している。", "en": "The situation is getting worse and worse day by day.", "tatoeba_id": 146052 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "802fa4c4ae4ffd13fe1ee7c186cad0b4472bc952f0746cf31704e3c61bc69370", "meanings": [ "局势", "情势" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は情勢を把握することができる。", "zh": "她能掌握局势。" }, { "ja": "情勢は日増しに悪化している。", "zh": "形势日益恶化。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4845859c7b", "JMdict ent_seq 1356320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2d28e235e0a3f0e80a40d1382c5a3637d09a7f9b9380358a9c49b7ac8c50812f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0117a16846", "word": "消息", "reading": "しょうそく", "romaji": "shousoku", "meanings": [ "news", "letter", "circumstances" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1350250, "examples": [ { "ja": "それ以来、彼の消息を聞いていない。", "furigana": "それ{以来|いらい}、{彼|かれ}の{消息|しょうそく}を{聞|き}いていない。", "en": "He has not been heard of since.", "tatoeba_id": 204491 }, { "ja": "あの人はアメリカへ立ったまま消息がない。", "furigana": "あの{人|ひと}はアメリカへ{立|た}ったまま{消息|しょうそく}がない。", "en": "Nothing has been heard from him since he left for America.", "tatoeba_id": 230745 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "12e19709e638de89c95e71bcfbe3b3e3d0b49b2452484005eb832b9adcaf98ca", "meanings": [ "消息", "下落" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それ以来、彼の消息を聞いていない。", "zh": "从那以后就没有听到他的消息。" }, { "ja": "あの人はアメリカへ立ったまま消息がない。", "zh": "那个人去了美国后一直杳无音信。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0117a16846", "JMdict ent_seq 1350250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a4ec52533fe7da3e5b4adf4598f872494e678bea33ef86895a60d7d7ac2524de", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2b61cc5220", "word": "承諾", "reading": "しょうだく", "romaji": "shoudaku", "meanings": [ "consent", "acquiescence", "agreement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1349470, "examples": [ { "ja": "沈黙は承諾を意味する事が多い。", "furigana": "{沈黙|ちんもく}は{承諾|しょうだく}を{意味|いみ}する{事|こと}が{多|おお}い。", "en": "Silence often implies consent.", "tatoeba_id": 125725 }, { "ja": "その計画を承諾することはできません。", "furigana": "その{計画|けいかく}を{承諾|しょうだく}することはできません。", "en": "I cannot approve the project.", "tatoeba_id": 160217 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0ea71a528b5560cb9ca95eaf380375e69078404058fbe45b23885ea31e21cda5", "meanings": [ "同意", "答应" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "沈黙は承諾を意味する事が多い。", "zh": "沉默往往意味着同意。" }, { "ja": "その計画を承諾することはできません。", "zh": "我不能答应那项计划。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2b61cc5220", "JMdict ent_seq 1349470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d020e49324f19cf49286fb3f552814096846392f6f3fd449cadc032aec0bb6a9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7a67174d34", "word": "象徴", "reading": "しょうちょう", "romaji": "shouchou", "meanings": [ "symbol" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1351900, "examples": [ { "ja": "オリーブの枝は平和を象徴している。", "furigana": "オリーブの{枝|えだ}は{平和|へいわ}を{象徴|しょうちょう}している。", "en": "An olive branch symbolizes peace.", "tatoeba_id": 227469 }, { "ja": "自由の女神はアメリカの象徴である。", "furigana": "{自由|じゆう}の{女神|めがみ}はアメリカの{象徴|しょうちょう}である。", "en": "The Statue of Liberty is a symbol of America.", "tatoeba_id": 149687 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c4650ac71c3cf303bf2d693827e5485710dacd25363615f14b57c890f37fe0e0", "meanings": [ "象征" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "オリーブの枝は平和を象徴している。", "zh": "橄榄枝象征和平。" }, { "ja": "自由の女神はアメリカの象徴である。", "zh": "自由女神像是美国的象征。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7a67174d34", "JMdict ent_seq 1351900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c336f6969a09ce11ab2a1982a7db111e3320749b2a6998272bf394388578abc8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "92deae32a1", "word": "小児科", "reading": "しょうにか", "romaji": "shounika", "meanings": [ "pediatrics" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1348200, "examples": [ { "ja": "トムは小児科の先生じゃないよ。", "en": "Tom isn't a pediatrician.", "tatoeba_id": 9577135 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "133306c0249bd08567279be277f96a643725891bf3d3f76aebbd6347c8e19535", "meanings": [ "儿科" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "トムは小児科の先生じゃないよ。", "zh": "汤姆不是儿科医生。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/92deae32a1", "JMdict ent_seq 1348200; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4fda0825c50dd7d665c421e9f8664f92c46ed41684d6dbada98bd195b31ada05" } }, { "id": "4548e205d7", "word": "証人", "reading": "しょうにん", "romaji": "shounin", "meanings": [ "witness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1351660, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らはその証人を買収しようとしたがだめだった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはその{証人|しょうにん}を{買収|ばいしゅう}しようとしたがだめだった。", "en": "They attempted in vain to bribe the witness.", "tatoeba_id": 97904 }, { "ja": "あなたはその証人の陳述を信じますか。", "furigana": "あなたはその{証人|しょうにん}の{陳述|ちんじゅつ}を{信|しん}じますか。", "en": "Do you believe the witness's statement?", "tatoeba_id": 232586 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "519321ef2b51b8f3cb1565a8bc946daa62dd313e124ef6008ee7a217342bd6ae", "meanings": [ "证人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らはその証人を買収しようとしたがだめだった。", "zh": "他们试图收买证人但失败了。" }, { "ja": "あなたはその証人の陳述を信じますか。", "zh": "你相信那位证人的陈述吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4548e205d7", "JMdict ent_seq 1351660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "330ab9599fad966d8a44db319ca14d50ce529b696ba561a1440670d533d9416c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cd4335ebae", "word": "使用人", "reading": "しようにん", "romaji": "shiyounin", "meanings": [ "employee", "servant" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1306280, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は使用人の一人をくびにした。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{使用人|しようにん}の{一人|ひとり}をくびにした。", "en": "I discharged one of my servants.", "tatoeba_id": 156604 }, { "ja": "彼は使用人に優しい雇い主だった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{使用人|しようにん}に{優|やさ}しい{雇|やと}い{主|ぬし}だった。", "en": "He was a kind master to his servants.", "tatoeba_id": 106590 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d73d8b5bf4b1e7b030456e8833e877126b0b96d602b2578e29ef134124938f55", "meanings": [ "雇员", "佣人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は使用人の一人をくびにした。", "zh": "我解雇了一名佣人。" }, { "ja": "彼は使用人に優しい雇い主だった。", "zh": "他是位对雇员很好的雇主。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cd4335ebae", "JMdict ent_seq 1306280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "11a97b7f2152a781691df177ea47c5abdd3acbbd6b548dc069d97e5a392046d5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "629999f7f5", "word": "情熱", "reading": "じょうねつ", "romaji": "jounetsu", "meanings": [ "passion", "enthusiasm", "zeal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1356330, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の私に対する情熱はさめない。", "en": "His passion for me doesn't cool.", "tatoeba_id": 117160 }, { "ja": "その情熱は彼の心の中で燃え尽きた。", "furigana": "その{情熱|じょうねつ}は{彼|かれ}の{心|こころ}の{中|なか}で{燃|も}え{尽|つ}きた。", "en": "The passion has burned itself out in him.", "tatoeba_id": 208929 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8aa745f2d91b6df628e2dbef7d8c4d1966db0c7960364b043ad3c6568ad830d6", "meanings": [ "热情", "激情" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の私に対する情熱はさめない。", "zh": "他对我的热情没有冷却。" }, { "ja": "その情熱は彼の心の中で燃え尽きた。", "zh": "那份热情在他心中燃尽了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/629999f7f5", "JMdict ent_seq 1356330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fc7f90a0954e0566b31163e746886ec41105a58ba8566cbfafb4fa45a0c93caa", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fbe9c362bd", "word": "丈夫", "reading": "じょうふ", "romaji": "joufu", "meanings": [ "hero", "brave man", "warrior" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1580485, "examples": [ { "ja": "古い文献には丈夫という語が見られる。", "en": "The word joufu appears in old texts." }, { "ja": "丈夫には勇ましい男子という意味がある。", "en": "Joufu means a brave man." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9aa3dc14dcfbbae4d1a401fcead6e8b8c249522fe0fc35dbe0f5b33cdb6d61cd", "meanings": [ "壮士", "勇士（书面）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "古い文献には丈夫という語が見られる。", "zh": "古籍中可以看到“丈夫”这个词。" }, { "ja": "丈夫には勇ましい男子という意味がある。", "zh": "丈夫有勇敢的男子的意思。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fbe9c362bd", "JMdict ent_seq 1580485; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "丈夫（じょうふ）是书面词，指勇士或有气概的男子；丈夫（じょうぶ）才是结实。", "review_hash": "e07d9a4985e09ca1abf9026930ffc400d9627ae43eca655324fc8b0213db0e90" } }, { "id": "7a62e550e4", "word": "譲歩", "reading": "じょうほ", "romaji": "jouho", "meanings": [ "concession", "conciliation", "compromise" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1357050, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの意見が道理に適っていれば彼らは譲歩するだろう。", "en": "They will give way to you if your opinion is reasonable.", "tatoeba_id": 233472 }, { "ja": "僕が多少譲歩した後で、彼女は計画に合意してくれた。", "furigana": "{僕|ぼく}が{多少|たしょう}{譲歩|じょうほ}した{後|あと}で、{彼女|かのじょ}は{計画|けいかく}に{合意|ごうい}してくれた。", "en": "She agreed to my plan after I had given a little.", "tatoeba_id": 82370 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7a3e21f16c8502fa78b39ff6e82a873715bb51de45585f13f7c5c4565cc611f0", "meanings": [ "让步", "妥协" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの意見が道理に適っていれば彼らは譲歩するだろう。", "zh": "如果你的意见合情合理，他们就会让步。" }, { "ja": "僕が多少譲歩した後で、彼女は計画に合意してくれた。", "zh": "我作了一些让步之后，她同意了计划。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7a62e550e4", "JMdict ent_seq 1357050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "39d931dcb466121c5c03bfe8be8bb86bbccfa0d03928e9f4228b20bd4e8d1870", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "927964f23b", "word": "照明", "reading": "しょうめい", "romaji": "shoumei", "meanings": [ "illumination" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1350990, "examples": [ { "ja": "人のいない部屋の照明をこまめに消す。", "furigana": "{人|ひと}のいない{部屋|へや}の{照明|しょうめい}をこまめに{消|け}す。", "en": "Take care to turn off lights in rooms when nobody's in them.", "tatoeba_id": 75979 }, { "ja": "我々は明るさを抑えた照明の中でダンスをした。", "furigana": "{我々|われわれ}は{明|あか}るさを{抑|おさ}えた{照明|しょうめい}の{中|なか}でダンスをした。", "en": "We danced in the subdued lighting.", "tatoeba_id": 185521 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "86996823f010f322af2ed943d36c1a5ef7ebaec1c91a1a75ff97e485ed5d80bf", "meanings": [ "照明" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人のいない部屋の照明をこまめに消す。", "zh": "及时关闭无人房间的灯。" }, { "ja": "我々は明るさを抑えた照明の中でダンスをした。", "zh": "我们在柔和的灯光下跳舞。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/927964f23b", "JMdict ent_seq 1350990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3cf99bef6df1c5b6d05a93721a75ba2c48c188dcfc0ac6dd3e1b343da546cf6f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b124ea636d", "word": "条約", "reading": "じょうやく", "romaji": "jouyaku", "meanings": [ "treaty", "pact" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1356580, "examples": [ { "ja": "ＥＣ諸国は新たな安全保障条約を検討中です。", "en": "The EC countries are working out a new security pact.", "tatoeba_id": 234851 }, { "ja": "条約は原水爆の使用を禁止している。", "furigana": "{条約|じょうやく}は{原水爆|げんすいばく}の{使用|しよう}を{禁止|きんし}している。", "en": "The treaty bans atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs.", "tatoeba_id": 146035 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "62947537a56f7595c71e32b2dfe62ff04c84aced5d9bb2efdccc0b5bfc40c43e", "meanings": [ "条约" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ＥＣ諸国は新たな安全保障条約を検討中です。", "zh": "欧共体国家正在讨论新的安全条约。" }, { "ja": "条約は原水爆の使用を禁止している。", "zh": "条约禁止使用原子弹和氢弹。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b124ea636d", "JMdict ent_seq 1356580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "95d14725fecb8f0532797711a7105f3d2834ecc9d7373857ce940d65fbd6a372", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3994f4472f", "word": "勝利", "reading": "しょうり", "romaji": "shouri", "meanings": [ "victory", "triumph", "conquest", "success", "win" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1346240, "examples": [ { "ja": "勝利を確信している。", "furigana": "{勝利|しょうり}を{確信|かくしん}している。", "en": "We're confident of our victory.", "tatoeba_id": 147158 }, { "ja": "投票の結果は自由党の勝利だった。", "furigana": "{投票|とうひょう}の{結果|けっか}は{自由党|じゆうとう}の{勝利|しょうり}だった。", "en": "The result of the vote was a win for the Liberals.", "tatoeba_id": 124308 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "44002eb2a7bc03ad4199c87be2b2038373917f1f816d38d1b037e95320bd97fa", "meanings": [ "胜利" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "勝利を確信している。", "zh": "确信会胜利。" }, { "ja": "投票の結果は自由党の勝利だった。", "zh": "投票结果是自由党获胜。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3994f4472f", "JMdict ent_seq 1346240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "28b076af9758e4d47f4aa301fcb2c8252f54ff5ee66be6bf05e55f5e95e2963f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "74fbe62581", "word": "上陸", "reading": "じょうりく", "romaji": "jouriku", "meanings": [ "landing", "disembarkation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1354480, "examples": [ { "ja": "毎年、日本には台風が上陸します。", "en": "Typhoons strike Japan every year.", "tatoeba_id": 81255 }, { "ja": "軍隊はギリシャに上陸した。", "furigana": "{軍隊|ぐんたい}はギリシャに{上陸|じょうりく}した。", "en": "The troops landed in Greece.", "tatoeba_id": 176667 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "74a6a8f027b0d81570eaa66f0826ed899fac9b60adb6579698e88b0fcdc33626", "meanings": [ "登陆" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "毎年、日本には台風が上陸します。", "zh": "每年都有台风登陆日本。" }, { "ja": "軍隊はギリシャに上陸した。", "zh": "军队在希腊登陆。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/74fbe62581", "JMdict ent_seq 1354480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "13980a9017824928f1e8122024dabcd21e19b8f03bff1d730db7210cc50152fd", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4b3ac6f805", "word": "蒸留", "reading": "じょうりゅう", "romaji": "jouryuu", "meanings": [ "distillation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1356970, "examples": [ { "ja": "コールタールを蒸留して得られる成分名は下表の通りである。", "en": "The components obtained by distillation of coal tar are as shown below.", "tatoeba_id": 74647 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b7bce03b3c4a8138cf86897849de12b1c7cbc5544e9b9b4aac893b99a3f16012", "meanings": [ "蒸馏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "コールタールを蒸留して得られる成分名は下表の通りである。", "zh": "由煤焦油蒸馏得到的成分名称如下表所示。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4b3ac6f805", "JMdict ent_seq 1356970; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "57fe672fb6bc1cb3a8163478b164dcc22332ec455d282183535818f958a14139" } }, { "id": "002ee4fb5a", "word": "奨励", "reading": "しょうれい", "romaji": "shourei", "meanings": [ "encouragement", "promotion", "message", "address" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1347550, "examples": [ { "ja": "政府は国産品の愛用を奨励している。", "furigana": "{政府|せいふ}は{国産品|こくさんひん}の{愛用|あいよう}を{奨励|しょうれい}している。", "en": "The government is promoting the use of home products.", "tatoeba_id": 143099 }, { "ja": "私たちの学校ではスポーツを奨励している。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちの{学校|がっこう}ではスポーツを{奨励|しょうれい}している。", "en": "Our school encourages sports.", "tatoeba_id": 167049 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "16a34ee5b85d21d7510528bf55a1f1c01e52eace335a862fdde88361803d3b3a", "meanings": [ "鼓励", "提倡" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "政府は国産品の愛用を奨励している。", "zh": "政府提倡使用国产商品。" }, { "ja": "私たちの学校ではスポーツを奨励している。", "zh": "我们学校鼓励体育运动。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/002ee4fb5a", "JMdict ent_seq 1347550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "09c1a64b63685b1f763a19db609c61aeae026632a9c04b9840bf5613d4a71eec", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cbeffe12e0", "word": "ショー", "reading": "ショー", "romaji": "shoo", "meanings": [ "show" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1062240, "examples": [ { "ja": "これから始まるショーをどうぞごゆっくり。", "furigana": "これから{始|はじ}まるショーをどうぞごゆっくり。", "en": "We hope you will enjoy the show.", "tatoeba_id": 218956 }, { "ja": "そのショーで観客は大喜びだった。", "furigana": "そのショーで{観客|かんきゃく}は{大喜|おおよろこ}びだった。", "en": "The audience was very much entertained by the show.", "tatoeba_id": 213046 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "75960574d0e5a306e76f7a0d0ef11842445ed5a52cd6153051111853ee8e41f3", "meanings": [ "演出", "节目" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これから始まるショーをどうぞごゆっくり。", "zh": "请尽情欣赏即将开始的演出。" }, { "ja": "そのショーで観客は大喜びだった。", "zh": "那场演出让观众非常高兴。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cbeffe12e0", "JMdict ent_seq 1062240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "56f32274db05de8ba0da4790e784fb67b0bd0ff872d039b509cd8b690d02feb2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0913333b01", "word": "除外", "reading": "じょがい", "romaji": "jogai", "meanings": [ "exception", "exclusion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1345650, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその女性を容疑者から除外した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{女性|じょせい}を{容疑者|ようぎしゃ}から{除外|じょがい}した。", "en": "He excluded the woman from the suspects.", "tatoeba_id": 112669 }, { "ja": "彼はそのチームから除外された。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はそのチームから{除外|じょがい}された。", "en": "He was excluded from the team.", "tatoeba_id": 113167 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ae918998462150e678f5a900f92a16507e67a75e4d7660ea23b36e7e9a546b4f", "meanings": [ "排除" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその女性を容疑者から除外した。", "zh": "他把那位女性排除在嫌疑人之外。" }, { "ja": "彼はそのチームから除外された。", "zh": "他被排除在那个团队之外。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0913333b01", "JMdict ent_seq 1345650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fe94eb489c2103895647ece9ba506a08b835767449df143e3a8e7d346c5bb6ac", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "2777c0a5f5", "word": "職員", "reading": "しょくいん", "romaji": "shokuin", "meanings": [ "staff member", "personnel" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1357490, "examples": [ { "ja": "職員以外入室禁止。", "en": "Admittance to staff members only.", "tatoeba_id": 145978 }, { "ja": "その火事は職員が帰宅した後で起こった。", "furigana": "その{火事|かじ}は{職員|しょくいん}が{帰宅|きたく}した{後|あと}で{起|お}こった。", "en": "The fire broke out after the staff went home.", "tatoeba_id": 211943 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0e1baf3827cd9c22e4ce541e2be01fef7e866841cdb75f47e7247735f1944f97", "meanings": [ "职员" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "職員以外入室禁止。", "zh": "非职员禁止入内。" }, { "ja": "その火事は職員が帰宅した後で起こった。", "zh": "那场火灾发生在职员回家之后。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2777c0a5f5", "JMdict ent_seq 1357490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bd2e9faf1e308f015f464f51a95ee126cd4aff800796bde9d56734d76a8d8476", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "58a624504d", "word": "植民地", "reading": "しょくみんち", "romaji": "shokuminchi", "meanings": [ "colony" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1357350, "examples": [ { "ja": "その習慣を彼は植民地時代から始まると推定している。", "furigana": "その{習慣|しゅうかん}を{彼|かれ}は{植民地|しょくみんち}{時代|じだい}から{始|はじ}まると{推定|すいてい}している。", "en": "He dates the custom from the colonial days.", "tatoeba_id": 209441 }, { "ja": "彼らはアフリカに植民地を作った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはアフリカに{植民地|しょくみんち}を{作|つく}った。", "en": "They established settlements in Africa.", "tatoeba_id": 98226 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f7f54450bea37b48af85f17e792e3d56cc1e10d3ccf445e814b97cec428416d1", "meanings": [ "殖民地" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その習慣を彼は植民地時代から始まると推定している。", "zh": "他推测那项习俗始于殖民地时代。" }, { "ja": "彼らはアフリカに植民地を作った。", "zh": "他们在非洲建立了殖民地。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/58a624504d", "JMdict ent_seq 1357350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e26e86349f517bc020823215803515175b4c40d880ab2d5443cf4267b5cd8efa", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "38beffc458", "word": "職務", "reading": "しょくむ", "romaji": "shokumu", "meanings": [ "professional duties" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1357580, "examples": [ { "ja": "私が君の職務を引き継ごう。", "en": "I'll take over your duties.", "tatoeba_id": 167780 }, { "ja": "私は能力の限り職務を遂行します。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{能力|のうりょく}の{限|かぎ}り{職務|しょくむ}を{遂行|すいこう}します。", "en": "I will do my duty to the best of my ability.", "tatoeba_id": 154642 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b70fd8b5a463969b6910a25a433db47d97c0d0b843fb32255627a4ff0c6f7040", "meanings": [ "职务", "职责" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私が君の職務を引き継ごう。", "zh": "我来接替你的职务。" }, { "ja": "私は能力の限り職務を遂行します。", "zh": "我将尽我所能履行职责。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/38beffc458", "JMdict ent_seq 1357580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6d931a76ec074b0bc22a96f31603e4218b0306896ee65afcce77a1937448d0f7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "60f3531d47", "word": "諸君", "reading": "しょくん", "romaji": "shokun", "meanings": [ "Gentlemen!", "Ladies!" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "int" ], "jmdict_id": 1344230, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は諸君のすべてを知っているわけではない。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{諸君|しょくん}のすべてを{知|し}っているわけではない。", "en": "I don't know every one of you.", "tatoeba_id": 155940 }, { "ja": "諸君は英語を学ぶところですか。", "furigana": "{諸君|しょくん}は{英語|えいご}を{学|まな}ぶところですか。", "en": "Are you going to learn English?", "tatoeba_id": 147394 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "aea304e09a9d4d0340cd6bf28f90d5ddeacd183edecdceece4ea3b275cf60716", "meanings": [ "诸位", "各位" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は諸君のすべてを知っているわけではない。", "zh": "我并不认识你们所有人。" }, { "ja": "諸君は英語を学ぶところですか。", "zh": "各位正在学英语吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/60f3531d47", "JMdict ent_seq 1344230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5a056d683b9d712607889ebd2ba884ff498d7a31c0c97660cfab9c72ee9654d8", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7ef6608e74", "word": "助言", "reading": "じょげん", "romaji": "jogen", "meanings": [ "advice", "suggestion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1580230, "examples": [ { "ja": "コーチが助言をしてくれた。", "furigana": "コーチが{助言|じょげん}をしてくれた。", "en": "The coach gave me some advice.", "tatoeba_id": 224977 }, { "ja": "彼は助言してくれる友達がいない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{助言|じょげん}してくれる{友達|ともだち}がいない。", "en": "He has no friends to advise him.", "tatoeba_id": 104237 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a74cc0711957767cf7db54cbb03e81c6abe4bbf5af0e831d5219054cdf532a47", "meanings": [ "建议", "忠告" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "コーチが助言をしてくれた。", "zh": "教练给了我建议。" }, { "ja": "彼は助言してくれる友達がいない。", "zh": "他没有能给他建议的朋友。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7ef6608e74", "JMdict ent_seq 1580230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f4177a0588cf8e6c6887f2ed286476f304cdbfe06677e0895e2012f4d83f0b43", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8ec63b1e46", "word": "徐行", "reading": "じょこう", "romaji": "jokou", "meanings": [ "going slowly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1345590, "examples": [ { "ja": "車に徐行するようにと合図した。", "furigana": "{車|くるま}に{徐行|じょこう}するようにと{合図|あいず}した。", "en": "I signaled the car to go slow.", "tatoeba_id": 149084 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f6d6f157f83578598180384b6a4263a01fb4a4e59ed30d908c40258df5d75f4a", "meanings": [ "慢行", "缓行" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "車に徐行するようにと合図した。", "zh": "我示意车辆慢行。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8ec63b1e46", "JMdict ent_seq 1345590; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4d117431946a9b60f544be35bb05d2ac2aa9aadf3b62fc794c2a98cd40edea65" } }, { "id": "2da612d928", "word": "所在", "reading": "しょざい", "romaji": "shozai", "meanings": [ "whereabouts" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1343210, "examples": [ { "ja": "その書類は何年も所在が分からなくなっていたが、不思議にも先日出てきた。", "furigana": "その{書類|しょるい}は{何年|なんねん}も{所在|しょざい}が{分|わ}からなくなっていたが、{不思議|ふしぎ}にも{先日|せんじつ}{出|で}てきた。", "en": "Missing for years, the document miraculously came to light the other day.", "tatoeba_id": 209399 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6c6f8cad6c057a5fffcc57674378b650b30f80be255ec4187d7f7be7d9d451fb", "meanings": [ "所在", "下落" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その書類は何年も所在が分からなくなっていたが、不思議にも先日出てきた。", "zh": "那份文件多年来下落不明，不知为什么前几天又出现了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2da612d928", "JMdict ent_seq 1343210; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "289906bce15460dd17413500bc6a088b80d03c7c1b1a4b3188f662e5aaee3d11" } }, { "id": "e4705834e5", "word": "所持", "reading": "しょじ", "romaji": "shoji", "meanings": [ "possession", "owning" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1343250, "examples": [ { "ja": "海外へ行くのならパスポートの所持が必要です。", "en": "If you are going abroad, it's necessary to have a passport.", "tatoeba_id": 185068 }, { "ja": "私は、車を所持しています。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は、{車|くるま}を{所持|しょじ}しています。", "en": "I have a car.", "tatoeba_id": 162242 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "9faa2c93644646ec988dda938ce9e17bca8c693cfe75bdc22937e7f36f525c70", "meanings": [ "持有", "携带" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "海外へ行くのならパスポートの所持が必要です。", "zh": "如果出国，需要携带护照。" }, { "ja": "私は、車を所持しています。", "zh": "我拥有一辆车。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e4705834e5", "JMdict ent_seq 1343250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "98a835dbd8c996170cbdcf917e41c7c5dbdcb0050f7c47255860718ba9efb5bb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e29166535b", "word": "助詞", "reading": "じょし", "romaji": "joshi", "meanings": [ "particle", "postposition" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1344630, "examples": [ { "ja": "日本語の助詞の「は」と「が」は一生使いこなせそうにないわ。", "en": "I don't think I will ever be able to master the Japanese particles \"wa'' and \"ga.''", "tatoeba_id": 10808988 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "808e2775a9d9482c7d748ee319493ff693749489e5dcad07267b33095ddbacf0", "meanings": [ "助词" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "日本語の助詞の「は」と「が」は一生使いこなせそうにないわ。", "zh": "日语助词“は”和“が”，我感觉一辈子都用不熟。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e29166535b", "JMdict ent_seq 1344630; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "49a675f2c92ca24b3a3ee4c2c5e1315c975034cb56b7b6090194fd59f217065f" } }, { "id": "bd66318647", "word": "女史", "reading": "じょし", "romaji": "joshi", "meanings": [ "Ms." ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1345130, "examples": [ { "ja": "コブ女史が帰ってくる日が待ち遠しいよ。ほんとに。", "furigana": "コブ{女史|じょし}が{帰|かえ}ってくる{日|ひ}が{待|ま}ち{遠|どお}しいよ。ほんとに。", "en": "I'm looking forward to the day when Miss Cobb comes back, I can tell you.", "tatoeba_id": 219102 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "13dc6ef199aaf687127037228bb94976f8e7a00cc02b02d19be9acf13b889ff5", "meanings": [ "女士（敬称）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "コブ女史が帰ってくる日が待ち遠しいよ。ほんとに。", "zh": "真盼着科布女士回来啊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bd66318647", "JMdict ent_seq 1345130; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "女史用于姓名后，表示对女性的尊称。", "review_hash": "7d2a1001fc0c8612d7e53198bfa4862f7b370fff54aa1fb109dc341e08eb0524" } }, { "id": "c261df67ce", "word": "徐々", "reading": "じょじょ", "romaji": "jojo", "meanings": [ "gradually", "steadily", "quietly", "slowly", "soon" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-t", "adv-to" ], "jmdict_id": 1345600, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は徐々に態度がでかくなった。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{徐々|じょじょ}に{態度|たいど}がでかくなった。", "en": "She is getting better by degrees.", "tatoeba_id": 88711 }, { "ja": "彼女は徐々に快方に向かっている。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{徐々|じょじょ}に{快方|かいほう}に{向|む}かっている。", "en": "She is getting better by slow degrees.", "tatoeba_id": 88713 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4baeda9549b01a900b7c9bc994a97c3ca06694e7f3010ca0ceea2c6a74ac739a", "meanings": [ "逐渐" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は徐々に態度がでかくなった。", "zh": "她的态度逐渐变得傲慢。" }, { "ja": "彼女は徐々に快方に向かっている。", "zh": "她渐渐康复了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c261df67ce", "JMdict ent_seq 1345600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0ee6da37ab25c9f349f076edd00e9ea8bfeb09de5adb26d1b93cd430381f911a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ae2ec395bc", "word": "所属", "reading": "しょぞく", "romaji": "shozoku", "meanings": [ "attached to", "belong to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1343310, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はどのクラブにも所属していない。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はどのクラブにも{所属|しょぞく}していない。", "en": "I don't belong to any club.", "tatoeba_id": 159254 }, { "ja": "戦時中、彼は陸軍に所属していた。", "furigana": "{戦時中|せんじちゅう}、{彼|かれ}は{陸軍|りくぐん}に{所属|しょぞく}していた。", "en": "During the war, he served in the army.", "tatoeba_id": 141322 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "751e296c6c2a8baf28e626af2f92981e0f6b181a9d16852dcddb8d89c2fc373d", "meanings": [ "属于", "所属" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はどのクラブにも所属していない。", "zh": "我不属于任何俱乐部。" }, { "ja": "戦時中、彼は陸軍に所属していた。", "zh": "战争期间他在陆军服役。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ae2ec395bc", "JMdict ent_seq 1343310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "77abf165407c1ddc4f7a479aa94bcef7698514153e4552c4c238c0fd4c264c97", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "144fead37b", "word": "処置", "reading": "しょち", "romaji": "shochi", "meanings": [ "treatment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1342470, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは必要な処置を講じた。", "en": "We took the necessary measures.", "tatoeba_id": 165184 }, { "ja": "最善と思われる処置を取りなさい。", "furigana": "{最善|さいぜん}と{思|おも}われる{処置|しょち}を{取|と}りなさい。", "en": "Take such steps as you think best.", "tatoeba_id": 170407 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4bea1e6a8e1b6a0088a9b0904dae04e4f527c5608da9e3392c7f84a48b9ec1a2", "meanings": [ "处理", "措施" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは必要な処置を講じた。", "zh": "我们采取了必要的措施。" }, { "ja": "最善と思われる処置を取りなさい。", "zh": "请采取你认为最好的措施。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/144fead37b", "JMdict ent_seq 1342470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e6fb04766af2e99ea4bb66e9eee114451d03db911ff8cb41fe340b5fee4c2fb3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "318139be02", "word": "ショック", "reading": "ショック", "romaji": "shokku", "meanings": [ "shock" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1062660, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はその悲しい知らせを聞いてショックを受けた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はその{悲|かな}しい{知|し}らせを{聞|き}いてショックを{受|う}けた。", "en": "I was shocked at the sad news.", "tatoeba_id": 159902 }, { "ja": "エレンはショックで真っ青だった。", "furigana": "エレンはショックで{真|ま}っ{青|さお}だった。", "en": "Ellen was white with shock.", "tatoeba_id": 227880 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "43f5f4741914fc88f9bf1d397ddbd2a3354d3eacdb313c8d35b5dfe71427d7ab", "meanings": [ "冲击", "震惊" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はその悲しい知らせを聞いてショックを受けた。", "zh": "听到那个悲伤的消息，我受到了打击。" }, { "ja": "エレンはショックで真っ青だった。", "zh": "艾伦因震惊脸色苍白。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/318139be02", "JMdict ent_seq 1062660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6d62e7a48b042a17ce860debc3cc1bf9ba05a2bb9bfc62a6e97369d8a5077fc6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7b32f8b552", "word": "しょっちゅう", "reading": "しょっちゅう", "romaji": "shotchuu", "meanings": [ "always", "constantly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1005710, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのような事はしょっちゅう起こる。", "furigana": "そのような{事|こと}はしょっちゅう{起|お}こる。", "en": "Such a thing occurs frequently.", "tatoeba_id": 212506 }, { "ja": "彼女はしょっちゅうカッとなった。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はしょっちゅうカッとなった。", "en": "She indulged in a fit of temper.", "tatoeba_id": 92778 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "030bdbad7b03923d1111a14f1ae6d645db76958914bc566a8f9f2a7b2e9a905d", "meanings": [ "经常", "总是" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのような事はしょっちゅう起こる。", "zh": "那种事经常发生。" }, { "ja": "彼女はしょっちゅうカッとなった。", "zh": "她动不动就生气。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7b32f8b552", "JMdict ent_seq 1005710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0953f2614d98c097965bb07e123702347fc2dd150238bb9f451645ce74fe9d15", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ffd126cecb", "word": "所定", "reading": "しょてい", "romaji": "shotei", "meanings": [ "fixed", "prescribed" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1343350, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは所定の場所で会った。", "en": "We met at the designated spot.", "tatoeba_id": 155949 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "63be5a93fcb6ef7915634dbe3058953ba72e768a245e7ff13ea0b0dce3f016c4", "meanings": [ "规定", "指定" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは所定の場所で会った。", "zh": "我们在指定地点见面。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ffd126cecb", "JMdict ent_seq 1343350; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "312644020f3961b5bdd4e9da8581a3917840a12a52406c455fe394cb5291efb6" } }, { "id": "a5c6236db2", "word": "助動詞", "reading": "じょどうし", "romaji": "jodoushi", "meanings": [ "auxiliary verb" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1344750, "examples": [ { "ja": "この文は現在完了形です。haveは動詞ではなく、助動詞。", "furigana": "この{文|ぶん}は{現在完了形|げんざいかんりょうけい}です。haveは{動詞|どうし}ではなく、{助動詞|じょどうし}。", "en": "This sentence is in the present perfect. 'have' is not a verb, but an auxiliary verb.", "tatoeba_id": 75202 }, { "ja": "canは助動詞ですので、疑問文では文頭に持ってきます。", "en": "'can' is an auxiliary verb, so in question sentences it is brought to the start of the phrase.", "tatoeba_id": 75172 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3cad10e6c2b76429e4db7d95918b7ef9e03408bcf69cb71b3595ab1b4676fc7a", "meanings": [ "助动词" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この文は現在完了形です。haveは動詞ではなく、助動詞。", "zh": "这句话是现在完成时，have不是动词而是助动词。" }, { "ja": "canは助動詞ですので、疑問文では文頭に持ってきます。", "zh": "can是助动词，所以疑问句中要放在句首。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a5c6236db2", "JMdict ent_seq 1344750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9a88e92212415ff770bc37c6aace65189fafb00a15f962eb5454cf1f81f237a1", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d4066d7551", "word": "所得", "reading": "しょとく", "romaji": "shotoku", "meanings": [ "income", "earnings" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1343360, "examples": [ { "ja": "給与が増えるに比例して、所得税率もあがっていく。", "furigana": "{給与|きゅうよ}が{増|ふ}えるに{比例|ひれい}して、{所得|しょとく}{税率|ぜいりつ}もあがっていく。", "en": "The income tax rate increases in proportion as your salary rises.", "tatoeba_id": 182361 }, { "ja": "所得税は控除額を上回るいかなる所得にもかかる。", "furigana": "{所得税|しょとくぜい}は{控除額|こうじょがく}を{上回|うわまわ}るいかなる{所得|しょとく}にもかかる。", "en": "An income tax is levied on any income that exceeds deductions.", "tatoeba_id": 147489 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fde63437d10503179c9b8ec53dd312c72085d6f8c6677d38d7dd522493ea5e04", "meanings": [ "所得", "收入" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "給与が増えるに比例して、所得税率もあがっていく。", "zh": "工资增加时，所得税率也随之上升。" }, { "ja": "所得税は控除額を上回るいかなる所得にもかかる。", "zh": "所得税适用于超过扣除额的任何收入。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d4066d7551", "JMdict ent_seq 1343360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3dae2f904042124bcf8f490f0d37540876f17250e20b2e1c9280e61256768d64", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "785dee3750", "word": "処罰", "reading": "しょばつ", "romaji": "shobatsu", "meanings": [ "punishment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1342480, "examples": [ { "ja": "この規則を破った人は厳しい処罰を免ぜられない。", "en": "Anyone who breaks this rule is liable to severe punishment.", "tatoeba_id": 222417 }, { "ja": "彼女は微笑みを浮かべてその処罰を受け入れた。", "en": "She took the punishment with a smile.", "tatoeba_id": 87107 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "169bd9976dcaa9584cb5ca62bd2576664c05559fe54be05961ebeb74bbe0136f", "meanings": [ "处罚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この規則を破った人は厳しい処罰を免ぜられない。", "zh": "违反这一规则的人免不了严厉处罚。" }, { "ja": "彼女は微笑みを浮かべてその処罰を受け入れた。", "zh": "她微笑着接受了处罚。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/785dee3750", "JMdict ent_seq 1342480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0335bb083a2ec73d58f862e94d5b66abeb6424433e4a0509f5ad5ddb8f0ccfeb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "94cb3c6d1f", "word": "初版", "reading": "しょはん", "romaji": "shohan", "meanings": [ "first edition" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1343030, "examples": [ { "ja": "初版は１０年前に出版された。", "en": "The first edition was published ten years ago.", "tatoeba_id": 147498 }, { "ja": "彼女の蔵書は全部で３５００冊で多くの初版が入ってる。", "en": "Her library has 3,500 books and includes many first editions.", "tatoeba_id": 94174 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0ba5b5f14e1b62f84cf6bf13fe3b716174fe594f4b2ee3bfb09756747693b518", "meanings": [ "初版", "第一版" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "初版は１０年前に出版された。", "zh": "初版十年前出版。" }, { "ja": "彼女の蔵書は全部で３５００冊で多くの初版が入ってる。", "zh": "她的藏书共有三千五百本，其中有许多初版书。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/94cb3c6d1f", "JMdict ent_seq 1343030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "95831b91f735d321d11faa2279227172edd4045909e3bdae3132861b302a0a5c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f3c3fd308e", "word": "書評", "reading": "しょひょう", "romaji": "shohyou", "meanings": [ "book review" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1344140, "examples": [ { "ja": "その書評者はその小説に鋭く批判的である。", "en": "The reviewer is sharply critical of the novel.", "tatoeba_id": 209409 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2f3de51af28cfc371e0a4eed4d3a3f463f5b05d9eefd97db2f0da1a5500c027c", "meanings": [ "书评", "书籍评论" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その書評者はその小説に鋭く批判的である。", "zh": "那位书评作者尖锐地批评了那部小说。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f3c3fd308e", "JMdict ent_seq 1344140; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7c8e369e09f92bead9a32b512e2a40265a7c2b906a89e7fdf18a135dd3721208" } }, { "id": "144acb1b10", "word": "処分", "reading": "しょぶん", "romaji": "shobun", "meanings": [ "disposal", "dealing", "punishment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1342490, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはその土地を処分しなければならない。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちはその{土地|とち}を{処分|しょぶん}しなければならない。", "en": "We have to dispose of the land.", "tatoeba_id": 166358 }, { "ja": "これらの古雑誌を処分して下さい。", "furigana": "これらの{古雑誌|ふるざっし}を{処分|しょぶん}して{下|くだ}さい。", "en": "Dispose of the old magazines.", "tatoeba_id": 217915 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8a80ba369576ea5f4c069685578140c0d4a430626c54787dc9d0d9e589c366cf", "meanings": [ "处理", "处分" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはその土地を処分しなければならない。", "zh": "我们必须处理那块土地。" }, { "ja": "これらの古雑誌を処分して下さい。", "zh": "请处理这些旧杂志。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/144acb1b10", "JMdict ent_seq 1342490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2f22542433347f92eb158da528fbf68b8e08c998b49c115478ca2bce8baf3f48", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "b64d9c43fd", "word": "庶民", "reading": "しょみん", "romaji": "shomin", "meanings": [ "masses", "common people" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1343560, "examples": [ { "ja": "庶民はまるで羊のように独裁者の後ろにしたがった。", "furigana": "{庶民|しょみん}はまるで{羊|ひつじ}のように{独裁者|どくさいしゃ}の{後|うし}ろにしたがった。", "en": "The people followed the dictator like so many sheep.", "tatoeba_id": 147434 }, { "ja": "庶民のなりわいは、米をつくることだった。", "furigana": "{庶民|しょみん}のなりわいは、{米|こめ}をつくることだった。", "en": "The ordinary people had their livelihood in farming rice.", "tatoeba_id": 76021 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6e4a3e2caec3a8e676538891dc8e946f638774f4f50af3dc25f0f1e415bd3576", "meanings": [ "百姓", "普通人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "庶民はまるで羊のように独裁者の後ろにしたがった。", "zh": "普通人像羊一样跟随独裁者。" }, { "ja": "庶民のなりわいは、米をつくることだった。", "zh": "百姓的生计是种稻米。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b64d9c43fd", "JMdict ent_seq 1343560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "25a2ec298924516d8c7fe6d4c0f96653d67e0ef992a8d64d441f03a1b40f4b8b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7e5bf1e539", "word": "庶務", "reading": "しょむ", "romaji": "shomu", "meanings": [ "general affairs" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1343590, "examples": [ { "ja": "庶務の担当者に連絡した。", "en": "I contacted the general affairs staff." }, { "ja": "庶務を担当する部署で働く。", "en": "I work in the general affairs department." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "62a0d14d1512f224d9b1190ff08e6d75e5e6185eccb05e3b47c1d85464bc6914", "meanings": [ "总务", "一般事务" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "庶務の担当者に連絡した。", "zh": "我联系了总务负责人。" }, { "ja": "庶務を担当する部署で働く。", "zh": "我在负责总务的部门工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7e5bf1e539", "JMdict ent_seq 1343590; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8a94e088b7094c2d643bab56baac5b4cc0d50b424da9afb94c2ce49379225afc" } }, { "id": "1357fa159f", "word": "調べ", "reading": "しらべ", "romaji": "shirabe", "meanings": [ "preparation", "investigation", "inspection" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1429050, "examples": [ { "ja": "先生はわれわれの答案調べに忙しい。", "en": "The teacher is busy looking over our tests.", "tatoeba_id": 141663 }, { "ja": "どこからかハープの流麗な調べが聞こえてきた。", "en": "They could hear the elegant, flowing sound of a harp coming from somewhere.", "tatoeba_id": 201020 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d1e8a028666ae42edfe79729c8bd8bdc2e86ece998feb7ca3cc3d085fd7ee0b8", "meanings": [ "调查", "曲调" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "先生はわれわれの答案調べに忙しい。", "zh": "老师忙着检查我们的答卷。" }, { "ja": "どこからかハープの流麗な調べが聞こえてきた。", "zh": "不知从哪里传来了优美的竖琴曲调。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1357fa159f", "JMdict ent_seq 1429050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "44ef7bffb90c36885a57456e5dadb5d760ad6b12d49c93f8776fc77d33b3a965", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "dd86bf4e80", "word": "退く", "reading": "しりぞく", "romaji": "shirizoku", "meanings": [ "to retreat", "to recede", "to withdraw" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1595084, "examples": [ { "ja": "おじは去年教職を退いたが、それでも何とか大学での地位にしがみつこうとした。", "en": "My uncle retired from teaching last year, but he still managed to hang onto a position at the university.", "tatoeba_id": 227714 }, { "ja": "彼は大統領の職から強制的に退くべきか。", "en": "Ought he to be forced out of the presidency?", "tatoeba_id": 102366 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3127cc205c277d8ba9339e3e4abc8554c81ef3fbc4fb3bf1bfca8249528f2282", "meanings": [ "退下", "退出" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "おじは去年教職を退いたが、それでも何とか大学での地位にしがみつこうとした。", "zh": "叔叔去年从教师岗位退休，但仍试图保住大学里的职位。" }, { "ja": "彼は大統領の職から強制的に退くべきか。", "zh": "他是否应该被迫辞去总统职务？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dd86bf4e80", "JMdict ent_seq 1595084; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ec09e077e45eb01bbfe4f5ccdc4f071895b8227e220cfbb41a25219da19ce5b0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c5951376c9", "word": "退ける", "reading": "しりぞける", "romaji": "shirizokeru", "meanings": [ "to repel", "to drive away" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1411260, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はその抗議を退けた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はその{抗議|こうぎ}を{退|しりぞ}けた。", "en": "I dismissed the protest.", "tatoeba_id": 160179 }, { "ja": "彼の計画は退けられた。", "en": "His plan was discarded.", "tatoeba_id": 117707 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d4eadd801fc6b58756dd20f74a3d0e13d67369fd4f9daee2add4e274632c3118", "meanings": [ "驳回", "击退" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はその抗議を退けた。", "zh": "我驳回了那个抗议。" }, { "ja": "彼の計画は退けられた。", "zh": "他的计划被驳回了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c5951376c9", "JMdict ent_seq 1411260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cd704e01c6d3fe82de1e059951fb64b99f982fecc363631cfed73ffcee2dbbb5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "fa657d3b24", "word": "自立", "reading": "じりつ", "romaji": "jiritsu", "meanings": [ "independence", "self-reliance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1318880, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はもう自立できる年です。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はもう{自立|じりつ}できる{年|とし}です。", "en": "I'm old enough to support myself.", "tatoeba_id": 158754 }, { "ja": "私は大学に入ったら両親から自立したい。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{大学|だいがく}に{入|はい}ったら{両親|りょうしん}から{自立|じりつ}したい。", "en": "I want to be independent of my parents when I enter college.", "tatoeba_id": 155212 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "89d99ed43334df64649b958c0339bf066a956a3b7899403e2d5288e914aca908", "meanings": [ "自立", "独立" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はもう自立できる年です。", "zh": "我已经到了可以独立的年龄。" }, { "ja": "私は大学に入ったら両親から自立したい。", "zh": "我想上大学后脱离父母独立。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fa657d3b24", "JMdict ent_seq 1318880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "32fae1f731159c7002c5efb79d6f3e8b8e8a21b71251e3ce68fe64e833393c9a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "880956c9cb", "word": "記す", "reading": "しるす", "romaji": "shirusu", "meanings": [ "to note", "to write down" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1223140, "examples": [ { "ja": "後学のために、この出来事を記しておきます。", "furigana": "{後学|こうがく}のために、この{出来事|できごと}を{記|しる}しておきます。", "en": "For future reference, I'm going to record this event.", "tatoeba_id": 12179698 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "db068cfc2a0a16df463e07607f4d9c4a78245f4b5fc266e5aee2badbf3eb94bb", "meanings": [ "记下", "记载" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "後学のために、この出来事を記しておきます。", "zh": "为了后人学习，我把这件事记下来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/880956c9cb", "JMdict ent_seq 1223140; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5bf86798cad275e5607d5bcf8b937ca140d24fd69386b627f2c2d32f455217b4" } }, { "id": "91c5c933ef", "word": "指令", "reading": "しれい", "romaji": "shirei", "meanings": [ "orders", "instructions", "directive" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1310060, "examples": [ { "ja": "戦勝国は敗戦国に講和条件を指令した。", "en": "The victorious country dictated the terms of peace to the defeated country.", "tatoeba_id": 141316 }, { "ja": "消防隊は指令を受けてから５分以内で現場に来ていた。", "en": "The fire brigade was on the scene within five minutes of receiving the call.", "tatoeba_id": 146389 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "80654ac1acb9e94d26d29ef22e89c26795614a78f32698dfe161769c47d4432f", "meanings": [ "指令", "命令" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "戦勝国は敗戦国に講和条件を指令した。", "zh": "战胜国向战败国下达了和约条件。" }, { "ja": "消防隊は指令を受けてから５分以内で現場に来ていた。", "zh": "消防队接到指令后五分钟内就到达了现场。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/91c5c933ef", "JMdict ent_seq 1310060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "82a4fab1501d5115ea4d1d20c0eb58b015fa8f16dbdb4f455b05f853bf23e646", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a29824a4ad", "word": "代", "reading": "しろ", "romaji": "shiro", "meanings": [ "price", "materials", "substitution" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1411560, "examples": [ { "ja": "縫い代を一センチ残してください。", "en": "Please leave a one-centimeter seam allowance." }, { "ja": "紙の端にのり代を取った。", "en": "I left a margin for glue at the edge of the paper." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "aa02a069af0f60a85ff61ca330a4f58c0f8386a7c69c0586bea104a065546fdd", "meanings": [ "余量", "边", "材料" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "縫い代を一センチ残してください。", "zh": "请留一厘米的缝份。" }, { "ja": "紙の端にのり代を取った。", "zh": "我在纸边留了粘贴余量。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a29824a4ad", "JMdict ent_seq 1411560; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "代（しろ）可表示余量、材料或代价，常见于縫い代、のり代。", "review_hash": "ffb0a57bd4a83ab335fcb14f0aec1da6b55fa5c2cd757ecce7dcb8d5bece5913" } }, { "id": "159906d23f", "word": "皺", "reading": "しわ", "romaji": "shiwa", "meanings": [ "wrinkles", "creases" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1569740, "examples": [ { "ja": "この服はすぐしわになる。", "furigana": "この{服|ふく}はすぐしわになる。", "en": "This dress creases easily.", "tatoeba_id": 219957 }, { "ja": "彼女は額に皺を寄せた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{額|ひたい}に{皺|しわ}を{寄|よ}せた。", "en": "She wrinkled her brows.", "tatoeba_id": 90679 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4e623b86625d0ed360f0e0a62dbc0670806c9f88a3a789dc3b8895111605d71a", "meanings": [ "皱纹", "褶皱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この服はすぐしわになる。", "zh": "这件衣服很容易起皱。" }, { "ja": "彼女は額に皺を寄せた。", "zh": "她皱起了眉头。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/159906d23f", "JMdict ent_seq 1569740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "aa929309750b44fb065a2044234bf84083895c236f12b84c3e6a430ed5ede7a6", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "927fd85192", "word": "新", "reading": "しん", "romaji": "shin", "meanings": [ "new" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1361480, "examples": [ { "ja": "新サービスの料金設定はマーケティング部が行う。", "en": "The marketing department is responsible for pricing new service.", "tatoeba_id": 145507 }, { "ja": "彼らは新領主を尊敬できなかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{新|しん}{領主|りょうしゅ}を{尊敬|そんけい}できなかった。", "en": "They were not able to respect their new lord.", "tatoeba_id": 96790 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "76033288cb0e3608e4e944444615128876d70b4495da07a2d0efbf36550cd487", "meanings": [ "新" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新サービスの料金設定はマーケティング部が行う。", "zh": "新服务的定价由市场部门负责。" }, { "ja": "彼らは新領主を尊敬できなかった。", "zh": "他们无法尊重新领主。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/927fd85192", "JMdict ent_seq 1361480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9c420685aec3555218e9bd9315b3db9bcb5b40bc23b4ebb63e915e6f660c314c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6bebbaf4b0", "word": "人", "reading": "じん", "romaji": "jin", "meanings": [ "man", "person", "people" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1366410, "examples": [ { "ja": "インカ人は信心深い民族だった。", "furigana": "インカ{人|じん}は{信心深|しんじんぶか}い{民族|みんぞく}だった。", "en": "The Inca were religious people.", "tatoeba_id": 228416 }, { "ja": "カルタゴ人は平和を切望した。", "furigana": "カルタゴ{人|じん}は{平和|へいわ}を{切望|せつぼう}した。", "en": "The Carthaginians longed for peace.", "tatoeba_id": 226364 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "355c7fe7681cb8d0f46aadf745791c753825a9cb1535f115eb55d31f90d99bc4", "meanings": [ "人（后缀）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "インカ人は信心深い民族だった。", "zh": "印加人是虔诚的民族。" }, { "ja": "カルタゴ人は平和を切望した。", "zh": "迦太基人渴望和平。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6bebbaf4b0", "JMdict ent_seq 1366410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bb5a4e0a94467ee2668d90f91f15ec667faa3241d8d8f416fbaea9eeac891731", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e9264225ab", "word": "進化", "reading": "しんか", "romaji": "shinka", "meanings": [ "evolution", "progress" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1366000, "examples": [ { "ja": "絶滅は進化の一部である。", "furigana": "{絶滅|ぜつめつ}は{進化|しんか}の{一部|いちぶ}である。", "en": "Extinction is part of evolution.", "tatoeba_id": 141928 }, { "ja": "私は恐竜の進化にとても興味を持っている。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{恐竜|きょうりゅう}の{進化|しんか}にとても{興味|きょうみ}を{持|も}っている。", "en": "The evolution of dinosaurs interests me greatly.", "tatoeba_id": 157612 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a30d7311b5dfd3fd4723a8e4f9b2c4cb64f4c4c933220cacd8f1b4fb6a64f1de", "meanings": [ "进化" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "絶滅は進化の一部である。", "zh": "灭绝是进化的一部分。" }, { "ja": "私は恐竜の進化にとても興味を持っている。", "zh": "我对恐龙的进化很感兴趣。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e9264225ab", "JMdict ent_seq 1366000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "85c74e0f8997c005f20899b1391b0e0b768b2205082d17ab6dc66758371b7f3b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "265aa93d86", "word": "人格", "reading": "じんかく", "romaji": "jinkaku", "meanings": [ "personality", "character", "individuality" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1366730, "examples": [ { "ja": "それは彼の人格を阻害することになる。", "furigana": "それは{彼|かれ}の{人格|じんかく}を{阻害|そがい}することになる。", "en": "It runs against his character.", "tatoeba_id": 204924 }, { "ja": "人間の価値はその人の人格にある。", "furigana": "{人間|にんげん}の{価値|かち}はその{人|ひと}の{人格|じんかく}にある。", "en": "A man's worth lies in what he is.", "tatoeba_id": 144355 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d616e042db3be355e3b3d198039374ff0b7bbe85e3cfdaee713e573f7d9eb35f", "meanings": [ "人格", "性格" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それは彼の人格を阻害することになる。", "zh": "那会妨碍他的人格发展。" }, { "ja": "人間の価値はその人の人格にある。", "zh": "人的价值在于人格。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/265aa93d86", "JMdict ent_seq 1366730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b8399a954247e0e9d183b896657212ec2d13f44dbc3960c37fae2cb639919416", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "46adc4e436", "word": "殿", "reading": "しんがり", "romaji": "shingari", "meanings": [ "rear", "rear unit guard" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1442480, "examples": [ { "ja": "撤退の際、彼は殿を務めた。", "en": "He brought up the rear during the retreat." }, { "ja": "殿が全員の退却を見届けた。", "en": "The rear guard made sure everyone withdrew." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3e98f0d37055a84725f3619ac65942c40f3498a70178605fa0f7ebdfd82c9168", "meanings": [ "殿后", "后卫" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "撤退の際、彼は殿を務めた。", "zh": "撤退时他负责殿后。" }, { "ja": "殿が全員の退却を見届けた。", "zh": "后卫确认了所有人撤退。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/46adc4e436", "JMdict ent_seq 1442480; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "殿读しんがり指殿后或后卫；读との是另一种用法。", "review_hash": "fb79ecbb9aecb40bbc23f476d92985f6698043bd5bc94e4b0016a7c14f0ee588" } }, { "id": "ab248f91f9", "word": "審議", "reading": "しんぎ", "romaji": "shingi", "meanings": [ "deliberation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1360360, "examples": [ { "ja": "その問題は審議中です。", "en": "That question is under discussion.", "tatoeba_id": 206408 }, { "ja": "事件を審議したのはどの裁判官ですか。", "furigana": "{事件|じけん}を{審議|しんぎ}したのはどの{裁判官|さいばんかん}ですか。", "en": "Which judge heard the case?", "tatoeba_id": 150891 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a5eacab54c381ed04f6f737cd63cda335e1c500cc13a1b52cf26624247692bb0", "meanings": [ "审议" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その問題は審議中です。", "zh": "那个问题正在审议中。" }, { "ja": "事件を審議したのはどの裁判官ですか。", "zh": "审理案件的是哪位法官？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ab248f91f9", "JMdict ent_seq 1360360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1980835dad544094e52b0129452564685e98d081c192a57c4d57e1497b05d6db", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6be2084ec0", "word": "振興", "reading": "しんこう", "romaji": "shinkou", "meanings": [ "promotion", "encouragement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1361380, "examples": [ { "ja": "政府は工業の振興計画を開始した。", "en": "The government started a program to promote industry.", "tatoeba_id": 143101 }, { "ja": "政府は国内産業振興の方策を講じた。", "en": "The government has taken measures to promote domestic industry.", "tatoeba_id": 143098 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1039a3a6e2e1212a0dfd0471568eb005960eaf1e864fa5ac74fc7e589059b413", "meanings": [ "振兴", "促进" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "政府は工業の振興計画を開始した。", "zh": "政府启动了工业振兴计划。" }, { "ja": "政府は国内産業振興の方策を講じた。", "zh": "政府采取了振兴国内产业的措施。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6be2084ec0", "JMdict ent_seq 1361380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "8f93025671650cdf517cd218327d73f1552dbed53000e6aa91b063ba4a08f211", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bb10ea16c1", "word": "新興", "reading": "しんこう", "romaji": "shinkou", "meanings": [ "rising", "developing", "emergent" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1361750, "examples": [ { "ja": "新興企業が新しい技術を開発した。", "en": "An emerging company developed a new technology." }, { "ja": "新興国の市場に注目する。", "en": "We pay attention to markets in emerging countries." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0b84355e945f772e6f7cb2a8f04c24448473d6db0764f7ce8bd424224ac439d1", "meanings": [ "新兴", "新出现" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新興企業が新しい技術を開発した。", "zh": "新兴企业开发了新技术。" }, { "ja": "新興国の市場に注目する。", "zh": "关注新兴国家的市场。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bb10ea16c1", "JMdict ent_seq 1361750; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e6209f5844d0ef88d14d4d9f62d102e19f618e6d94d03393c7141ec0dce20ef5" } }, { "id": "5b0f6d5ab1", "word": "進行", "reading": "しんこう", "romaji": "shinkou", "meanings": [ "advance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1366060, "examples": [ { "ja": "その仕事は現在進行しています。", "en": "The work is now in progress.", "tatoeba_id": 210371 }, { "ja": "このころ、病気の進行は遅くなった。", "en": "About this time, the disease slowed.", "tatoeba_id": 223751 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "417a74ca0790848b83917303e15ba6ddda168e503d106136dc4ed9fa6c75889c", "meanings": [ "进行", "进展" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その仕事は現在進行しています。", "zh": "那项工作目前正在进行。" }, { "ja": "このころ、病気の進行は遅くなった。", "zh": "这时疾病进展变慢了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5b0f6d5ab1", "JMdict ent_seq 1366060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2939380fea6e4dc91079f5ad48b9ef47743e7ee597da156ab3358a53eebe2f88", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "810ee5534d", "word": "申告", "reading": "しんこく", "romaji": "shinkoku", "meanings": [ "report", "statement", "filing a return", "notification" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1363100, "examples": [ { "ja": "申告にはどの書類が必要ですか。", "furigana": "{申告|しんこく}にはどの{書類|しょるい}が{必要|ひつよう}ですか。", "en": "What forms do we need to file?", "tatoeba_id": 145013 }, { "ja": "なにか申告するものがありますか。", "furigana": "なにか{申告|しんこく}するものがありますか。", "en": "Do you have anything to declare?", "tatoeba_id": 199118 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "661e46e3c948ddc0a068d7713e3eb077904e4a7c1f44d681f9b7930c0d3069ef", "meanings": [ "申报" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "申告にはどの書類が必要ですか。", "zh": "申报需要哪些文件？" }, { "ja": "なにか申告するものがありますか。", "zh": "有什么需要申报的吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/810ee5534d", "JMdict ent_seq 1363100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "02b278f3d31777705202be8449809f751f743587fd127e71ebef16cca95da418", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "98df9e7c93", "word": "新婚", "reading": "しんこん", "romaji": "shinkon", "meanings": [ "newly-wed" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1361820, "examples": [ { "ja": "その新婚夫婦は手をつないで歩いた。", "en": "The newly married couple walked hand in hand.", "tatoeba_id": 208835 }, { "ja": "その新婚夫婦は新婚旅行でハワイに出かけて行った。", "en": "The new couple have gone off to Hawaii on their honeymoon.", "tatoeba_id": 208834 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ba2feb0928a337eed3d92500af6ad695ad6c4793dfe06d1346b52fcda72007cf", "meanings": [ "新婚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その新婚夫婦は手をつないで歩いた。", "zh": "那对新婚夫妇手牵手走着。" }, { "ja": "その新婚夫婦は新婚旅行でハワイに出かけて行った。", "zh": "那对新婚夫妇去夏威夷度蜜月了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/98df9e7c93", "JMdict ent_seq 1361820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c5e272f4adf9bba29cd1cc62f03f3cb71364abbfbfa2aff9b6628c96ea07c0a9", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0ec6a3494d", "word": "審査", "reading": "しんさ", "romaji": "shinsa", "meanings": [ "judging", "inspection", "examination", "investigation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1360380, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の作品を審査するときには、彼の経験不足を考慮に入れなければならない。", "en": "In judging his work, we must take account of his lack of experience.", "tatoeba_id": 117265 }, { "ja": "「じゃあ、チェックしちゃいますね」「審査宜しく。頑張ったつもりだぜ」", "furigana": "「じゃあ、チェックしちゃいますね」「{審査|しんさ}{宜|よろ}しく。{頑張|がんば}ったつもりだぜ」", "en": "\"Right, I'll check your work, OK?\" \"Please go ahead and inspect. I think I gave it a good go.\"", "tatoeba_id": 77031 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fd7f852b1b5791a50d5b522a00328a106e371a3e64bb6cc0d4960c38edfaa2e3", "meanings": [ "审查", "评审" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の作品を審査するときには、彼の経験不足を考慮に入れなければならない。", "zh": "评审他的作品时，必须考虑到他经验不足。" }, { "ja": "「じゃあ、チェックしちゃいますね」「審査宜しく。頑張ったつもりだぜ」", "zh": "“那我检查一下哦。”“请多指教，我已经尽力了。”" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0ec6a3494d", "JMdict ent_seq 1360380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ed8b20e4c7443699a771fa1b97081a4a413cb3a54b19fcba88ef1dd1f68e7339", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a55ef652d7", "word": "人材", "reading": "じんざい", "romaji": "jinzai", "meanings": [ "man of talent" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1367760, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は会社にとって重要な人材だ。", "en": "He is a valuable acquisition to our company.", "tatoeba_id": 109063 }, { "ja": "購買部にとって重要な人材になられると思います。", "en": "She will be an asset to the Purchasing Department.", "tatoeba_id": 173287 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "afaa35947d0114ae451232253c1f47ad1fd42cc099f03f5d84107589078add24", "meanings": [ "人才", "人力资源" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は会社にとって重要な人材だ。", "zh": "他是公司的重要人才。" }, { "ja": "購買部にとって重要な人材になられると思います。", "zh": "我想您会成为采购部的重要人才。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a55ef652d7", "JMdict ent_seq 1367760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "6f00c95047128d661e1f5f37fb535ddb8d79627bebf6d21089ac12f2a817dee7", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d36392ec5a", "word": "紳士", "reading": "しんし", "romaji": "shinshi", "meanings": [ "gentleman" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1364950, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼が紳士だなんてとんでもない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}が{紳士|しんし}だなんてとんでもない。", "en": "He is anything but a gentleman.", "tatoeba_id": 120050 }, { "ja": "私たちはその紳士と親しく話した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちはその{紳士|しんし}と{親|した}しく{話|はな}した。", "en": "We had a friendly talk with the gentleman.", "tatoeba_id": 166377 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a2c69ee93b536d8e1b2bff4217a1f19af296aee763ac1fd6c7dcd490807b5816", "meanings": [ "绅士" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼が紳士だなんてとんでもない。", "zh": "说他是绅士，简直荒唐。" }, { "ja": "私たちはその紳士と親しく話した。", "zh": "我们和那位绅士亲切交谈。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d36392ec5a", "JMdict ent_seq 1364950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "2865f68a82ee8a3e33c13d13e5408a5751f580b54cb83383630edd9992e7c5cc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8d4a91a6fb", "word": "真実", "reading": "しんじつ", "romaji": "shinjitsu", "meanings": [ "truth", "reality" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1363780, "examples": [ { "ja": "その真実が明るみに出た。", "furigana": "その{真実|しんじつ}が{明|あか}るみに{出|で}た。", "en": "The fact was brought to light.", "tatoeba_id": 208800 }, { "ja": "彼が真実を知っているはずはない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}が{真実|しんじつ}を{知|し}っているはずはない。", "en": "He can't know the truth.", "tatoeba_id": 120058 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "effa91ccf09f7f2bb5065ce6fad05a586f3a9d5a637a9ca79a96156f87b576d3", "meanings": [ "真相", "真实" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その真実が明るみに出た。", "zh": "真相大白了。" }, { "ja": "彼が真実を知っているはずはない。", "zh": "他不可能知道真相。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8d4a91a6fb", "JMdict ent_seq 1363780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bd63c7530566c072e67dee2ec35c61dc6ade22679853e29b0a33548edb8aa125", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "754bddf3a2", "word": "信者", "reading": "しんじゃ", "romaji": "shinja", "meanings": [ "believer", "adherent", "devotee", "Christian" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1359340, "examples": [ { "ja": "キリスト教の信者だったことはない。", "furigana": "キリスト{教|きょう}の{信者|しんじゃ}だったことはない。", "en": "I was never a believer of Christianity.", "tatoeba_id": 225758 }, { "ja": "彼は最近改宗したカトリック信者です。", "en": "He is a recent convert to Catholicism.", "tatoeba_id": 387781 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ea70e274db21b7b98ea2cc0ee8af2b798400a60b95ab18c390971b73ca92249a", "meanings": [ "信徒", "信众" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "キリスト教の信者だったことはない。", "zh": "我从来不是基督教信徒。" }, { "ja": "彼は最近改宗したカトリック信者です。", "zh": "他是最近改宗的天主教徒。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/754bddf3a2", "JMdict ent_seq 1359340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cf99aa55ebea8555a52ee00a94e1313c7c9ff36886918d6e8d5414005e7c47dc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5ba5398076", "word": "真珠", "reading": "しんじゅ", "romaji": "shinju", "meanings": [ "pearl" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1363810, "examples": [ { "ja": "母は真珠のネックレスをくれた。", "furigana": "{母|はは}は{真珠|しんじゅ}のネックレスをくれた。", "en": "My mother gave me a pearl necklace.", "tatoeba_id": 82909 }, { "ja": "彼が真珠を盗んだのは本当です。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}が{真珠|しんじゅ}を{盗|ぬす}んだのは{本当|ほんとう}です。", "en": "It is true that he stole the pearl.", "tatoeba_id": 120054 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0c1fcd45d72724b134ec86ebbe6835c9612e86225c6a17461f112697e1415ea6", "meanings": [ "珍珠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "母は真珠のネックレスをくれた。", "zh": "母亲给了我一条珍珠项链。" }, { "ja": "彼が真珠を盗んだのは本当です。", "zh": "他偷了珍珠是真的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5ba5398076", "JMdict ent_seq 1363810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d7f617ac10409ec8f770e3d16619885ef3fa164289382b9ef54812f8b118be05", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "11cc069a92", "word": "心中", "reading": "しんじゅう", "romaji": "shinjuu", "meanings": [ "double suicide", "lovers suicide" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1360840, "examples": [ { "ja": "心中を題材にした古い物語を読んだ。", "en": "I read an old story about a double suicide." }, { "ja": "心中を描いた作品について調べた。", "en": "I researched a work depicting a double suicide." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b7759f93d1c6f511775c4d9c91021dc14a098e6690c1d5c1137265edf6bb0b1f", "meanings": [ "相约自尽", "殉情" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "心中を題材にした古い物語を読んだ。", "zh": "我读了一篇关于殉情的古老故事。" }, { "ja": "心中を描いた作品について調べた。", "zh": "我研究了描写相约自尽的作品。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/11cc069a92", "JMdict ent_seq 1360840; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "心中读しんじゅう指相约自尽；读しんちゅう指内心。", "review_hash": "36586fd57d20eee12b7c7d42694d35477277d8ce775c2a4a06af51305ed08624" } }, { "id": "19a6178bec", "word": "進出", "reading": "しんしゅつ", "romaji": "shinshutsu", "meanings": [ "advance", "step forward" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1366080, "examples": [ { "ja": "その会社は中国への進出を目指している。", "furigana": "その{会社|かいしゃ}は{中国|ちゅうごく}への{進出|しんしゅつ}を{目指|めざ}している。", "en": "The company aims to branch out into China.", "tatoeba_id": 211770 }, { "ja": "私達は決勝戦に進出した。", "en": "We advanced to the finals.", "tatoeba_id": 151904 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8e95aeb0a144705359f7614785ee2f0b992683e243093cf2f5420f76d871f93a", "meanings": [ "进军", "进入" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その会社は中国への進出を目指している。", "zh": "那家公司以进军中国市场为目标。" }, { "ja": "私達は決勝戦に進出した。", "zh": "我们进入了决赛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/19a6178bec", "JMdict ent_seq 1366080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "80e5ad5597027cf36967473d03bbb5032335fff683ab1824177d3e6666656d05", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "8598ddba78", "word": "心情", "reading": "しんじょう", "romaji": "shinjou", "meanings": [ "mentality" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1360720, "examples": [ { "ja": "嫉妬心くらい強く人間の心情に巣食う情熱はない。", "furigana": "{嫉妬心|しっとしん}くらい{強|つよ}く{人間|にんげん}の{心情|しんじょう}に{巣食|すく}う{情熱|じょうねつ}はない。", "en": "There is not a passion so strongly rooted in the human heart as envy.", "tatoeba_id": 149550 }, { "ja": "我々が真理を知るのは、理知によるだけではなく、また心情によって知るのである。", "furigana": "{我々|われわれ}が{真理|しんり}を{知|し}るのは、{理知|りち}によるだけではなく、また{心情|しんじょう}によって{知|し}るのである。", "en": "We know the truth, not only by reason, but also at heart.", "tatoeba_id": 186370 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6f4c47d1949df41891ac169900a3047e7287ad15e42824c8eadcd5effa43f96b", "meanings": [ "心情", "情感" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "嫉妬心くらい強く人間の心情に巣食う情熱はない。", "zh": "没有哪种激情像嫉妒一样强烈地盘踞在人心中。" }, { "ja": "我々が真理を知るのは、理知によるだけではなく、また心情によって知るのである。", "zh": "我们认识真理不仅靠理智，也靠情感。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8598ddba78", "JMdict ent_seq 1360720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "bbd549395b34ea1a12ad885110cd9cc289627c5c4626a3c0d94164454b5c13cb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "40b0b4b5ff", "word": "新人", "reading": "しんじん", "romaji": "shinjin", "meanings": [ "new face", "newcomer" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1361960, "examples": [ { "ja": "新人俳優がハムレット役をすると広告してあった。", "en": "A new actor was billed to appear as Hamlet.", "tatoeba_id": 145256 }, { "ja": "この新人のアナウンサー、さっきからとちってばかりいる。", "furigana": "この{新人|しんじん}のアナウンサー、さっきからとちってばかりいる。", "en": "This new announcer keeps stumbling.", "tatoeba_id": 221030 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "0503b900eb776813011ccada89f27ba595bad83745c46f5d817fe46dd9cd47b6", "meanings": [ "新人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新人俳優がハムレット役をすると広告してあった。", "zh": "广告说新人演员将扮演哈姆雷特。" }, { "ja": "この新人のアナウンサー、さっきからとちってばかりいる。", "zh": "这个新人播音员从刚才开始就不断出错。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/40b0b4b5ff", "JMdict ent_seq 1361960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a603df3b4ef19c324c95cc5da36408c30f67b8b5512245566782a32a8da209f0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "32eca0c29e", "word": "神聖", "reading": "しんせい", "romaji": "shinsei", "meanings": [ "holiness", "sacredness", "dignity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1364730, "examples": [ { "ja": "インドでは牛は神聖な動物です。", "en": "In India, the cow is a sacred animal.", "tatoeba_id": 228377 }, { "ja": "神聖ローマ帝国は１８０６年に終わりを告げた。", "furigana": "{神聖|しんせい}ローマ{帝国|ていこく}は１８０６{年|ねん}に{終|お}わりを{告|つ}げた。", "en": "The Holy Roman Empire came to an end in the year 1806.", "tatoeba_id": 144870 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "37d7da99c29de804a4109482b70945c6963579740de6c399f5f74113252cf2e4", "meanings": [ "神圣" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "インドでは牛は神聖な動物です。", "zh": "在印度牛是神圣的动物。" }, { "ja": "神聖ローマ帝国は１８０６年に終わりを告げた。", "zh": "神圣罗马帝国于1806年终结。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/32eca0c29e", "JMdict ent_seq 1364730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ad8d4ab08f4d6ca14eabc99ab5717928b54e6202318cd9b35a1465b2608aaca0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "509ad4a7b1", "word": "親善", "reading": "しんぜん", "romaji": "shinzen", "meanings": [ "friendship" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1365260, "examples": [ { "ja": "これからも両国の親善を深めましょう。", "en": "Let's continue promoting friendship between our two countries from now on.", "tatoeba_id": 13715795 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f9a77fa381081352055e8668792f2b376c39157f2afcf7cea631e1c8892963cb", "meanings": [ "亲善", "友好" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これからも両国の親善を深めましょう。", "zh": "今后也让我们加深两国的友好关系。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/509ad4a7b1", "JMdict ent_seq 1365260; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d8dd4d300ea61a0731fdd476367b72fa76bfc7bf89a71bac7d8d5f185532114e" } }, { "id": "dc7b2d1515", "word": "真相", "reading": "しんそう", "romaji": "shinsou", "meanings": [ "truth", "real situation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1364110, "examples": [ { "ja": "真相を知っておいたほうがいい。", "furigana": "{真相|しんそう}を{知|し}っておいたほうがいい。", "en": "You may as well know the truth.", "tatoeba_id": 144966 }, { "ja": "真相は井戸の底にあり探りにくい。", "furigana": "{真相|しんそう}は{井戸|いど}の{底|そこ}にあり{探|さぐ}りにくい。", "en": "Truth is difficult to find at the bottom of a well.", "tatoeba_id": 144970 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a59e76ff0dff1df5e930fc2d34fde43e4bedf9b23860b0aa7f98a147f94b7b45", "meanings": [ "真相" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "真相を知っておいたほうがいい。", "zh": "你最好知道真相。" }, { "ja": "真相は井戸の底にあり探りにくい。", "zh": "真相藏在井底，难以探寻。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dc7b2d1515", "JMdict ent_seq 1364110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "98e21fc23bd23e525f2f6eb0f53843b00b0f292011020ae3468c1fad66fbc93e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "bd1e5daff0", "word": "迅速", "reading": "じんそく", "romaji": "jinsoku", "meanings": [ "quick", "fast", "rapid", "swift", "prompt" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1370160, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその事態に迅速に対応した。", "en": "He promptly coped with the situation.", "tatoeba_id": 112747 }, { "ja": "あなたの迅速な返事が是非とも必要です。", "en": "Your prompt reply is urgently required.", "tatoeba_id": 233148 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a290ee4e762b0add5ef8f4d4ae44dec08e1b4ef0552e4dd0b3d61935398ac3f2", "meanings": [ "迅速" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその事態に迅速に対応した。", "zh": "他迅速应对了事态。" }, { "ja": "あなたの迅速な返事が是非とも必要です。", "zh": "非常需要您的迅速回复。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bd1e5daff0", "JMdict ent_seq 1370160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b2c64b84046938720501737201018222feb74c4341dd37596ae7307c7cfa16a0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "545b44f6b8", "word": "人体", "reading": "じんたい", "romaji": "jintai", "meanings": [ "human body" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1368670, "examples": [ { "ja": "この科学物質が人体に有害であるという事実は、すべての人に知られている。", "furigana": "この{科学|かがく}{物質|ぶっしつ}が{人体|じんたい}に{有害|ゆうがい}であるという{事実|じじつ}は、すべての{人|ひと}に{知|し}られている。", "en": "Everyone knows that this chemical is harmful to man.", "tatoeba_id": 222797 }, { "ja": "人体は何十億という小さな細胞から構成されている。", "en": "The human body is composed of billions of small cells.", "tatoeba_id": 143937 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "823daee9880920bd638ff830846316914880ee04abce2a823da4d934f6fcda18", "meanings": [ "人体" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この科学物質が人体に有害であるという事実は、すべての人に知られている。", "zh": "这种化学物质对人体有害的事实人人皆知。" }, { "ja": "人体は何十億という小さな細胞から構成されている。", "zh": "人体由数十亿个微小细胞构成。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/545b44f6b8", "JMdict ent_seq 1368670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "72b1c276ea6f2aada9c244105191c3e22a3dfa0bd32dd0e229082017bba3f02c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "48406103d6", "word": "新築", "reading": "しんちく", "romaji": "shinchiku", "meanings": [ "new building", "new construction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1362160, "examples": [ { "ja": "家を新築中です。", "en": "I'm getting a new house built.", "tatoeba_id": 186978 }, { "ja": "息子に家を新築してあげた。", "furigana": "{息子|むすこ}に{家|いえ}を{新築|しんちく}してあげた。", "en": "I built my son a new house.", "tatoeba_id": 140156 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c43269946517448a2c725fd69230de22309df11068e88ffd581e3f1cf7346495", "meanings": [ "新建" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "家を新築中です。", "zh": "正在新建房屋。" }, { "ja": "息子に家を新築してあげた。", "zh": "我给儿子新建了一座房子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/48406103d6", "JMdict ent_seq 1362160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b086adbe010b56459f53927abb0fc57fb99fddb4c4117dc6ee8190b5d574c8a3", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "981d43a8e1", "word": "進呈", "reading": "しんてい", "romaji": "shintei", "meanings": [ "presentation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1366150, "examples": [ { "ja": "参加者に記念品を進呈します。", "en": "We will present a souvenir to participants." }, { "ja": "先生に花束を進呈した。", "en": "We presented a bouquet to the teacher." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2fe018a0ae326ae5ca2b73a66d8b348823bfc8e43a1864a8bd698790851975df", "meanings": [ "赠送", "奉赠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "参加者に記念品を進呈します。", "zh": "我们将向参加者赠送纪念品。" }, { "ja": "先生に花束を進呈した。", "zh": "我向老师赠送了花束。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/981d43a8e1", "JMdict ent_seq 1366150; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "進呈是郑重地向对方赠送。", "review_hash": "5b44e31b2edf4e4a535ee4e5307b72c8c52709f03c9e6845adda078b1a55479e" } }, { "id": "4909f5ce00", "word": "進展", "reading": "しんてん", "romaji": "shinten", "meanings": [ "progress", "development" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1366160, "examples": [ { "ja": "その事件の進展について逐一知らせてください。", "en": "Please keep me informed of the development of the case.", "tatoeba_id": 209969 }, { "ja": "交渉はほとんど進展しなかった。", "furigana": "{交渉|こうしょう}はほとんど{進展|しんてん}しなかった。", "en": "The negotiations made little progress.", "tatoeba_id": 174179 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2d074c53646aa3d44527df6f5ab017d8920971826c4f2945f4bb9f8fba6d5e76", "meanings": [ "进展" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その事件の進展について逐一知らせてください。", "zh": "请随时告诉我案件的进展。" }, { "ja": "交渉はほとんど進展しなかった。", "zh": "谈判几乎没有进展。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4909f5ce00", "JMdict ent_seq 1366160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b8aabc95edeecca5a5a01c751609dd889a8aea7b46f261ad6ff8b7b7cc0dd541", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "76e18f07d6", "word": "神殿", "reading": "しんでん", "romaji": "shinden", "meanings": [ "temple", "sacred place" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1364770, "examples": [ { "ja": "この神殿は建てるのに４６年かかりました。", "furigana": "この{神殿|しんでん}は{建|た}てるのに４６{年|ねん}かかりました。", "en": "It has taken forty-six years to build this temple.", "tatoeba_id": 221012 }, { "ja": "この神殿を壊してみなさい。", "furigana": "この{神殿|しんでん}を{壊|こわ}してみなさい。", "en": "Destroy this temple.", "tatoeba_id": 221011 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "dc5c48de52d1e522c02ee9b7e89d8d4f590484503d399ec096bb69586a32349b", "meanings": [ "神殿", "寺庙" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この神殿は建てるのに４６年かかりました。", "zh": "这座神殿花了四十六年建成。" }, { "ja": "この神殿を壊してみなさい。", "zh": "试着把这座神殿拆掉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/76e18f07d6", "JMdict ent_seq 1364770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "96398bc89bb39c6bd2c7facf862afd2a31551ff6d9952852057e00356497893c", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7e5a40bce6", "word": "進度", "reading": "しんど", "romaji": "shindo", "meanings": [ "progress" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1366170, "examples": [ { "ja": "授業の進度を確認した。", "en": "I checked the pace of the lessons." }, { "ja": "進度に合わせて教材を選ぶ。", "en": "We choose materials to match the pace of progress." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9ddda71cb1bcd10434a35a2d044132dae51d3d4ae036da874f843b7ac46aa6d2", "meanings": [ "进度", "进展" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "授業の進度を確認した。", "zh": "我确认了课程进度。" }, { "ja": "進度に合わせて教材を選ぶ。", "zh": "根据进度选择教材。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7e5a40bce6", "JMdict ent_seq 1366170; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ccfc2b05e396abb90fe463db221f380bc0f23c4da12899138bab504795c5727b" } }, { "id": "ca35157394", "word": "振動", "reading": "しんどう", "romaji": "shindou", "meanings": [ "oscillation", "vibration" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1361420, "examples": [ { "ja": "このハイテク枕ね、いびきをかくと振動するのよ。", "en": "This smart pillow vibrates when you snore.", "tatoeba_id": 11883277 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "af260d76afe2f25f24c1bc6f28c6511b95e6e6197e576157b374f744cf3e028a", "meanings": [ "振动", "震动" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このハイテク枕ね、いびきをかくと振動するのよ。", "zh": "这个高科技枕头会在打鼾时振动。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ca35157394", "JMdict ent_seq 1361420; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8bc375ef8811be232dc94f04c5f2031ec67f7f2652212199b3f35856ae08bc87" } }, { "id": "de323abf88", "word": "新入生", "reading": "しんにゅうせい", "romaji": "shinnyuusei", "meanings": [ "freshman", "first-year student" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1362270, "examples": [ { "ja": "新入生が教室へ入ってきた。", "furigana": "{新入生|しんにゅうせい}が{教室|きょうしつ}へ{入|はい}ってきた。", "en": "A new student came into the class.", "tatoeba_id": 145214 }, { "ja": "新入生をからかってはいけません。", "furigana": "{新入生|しんにゅうせい}をからかってはいけません。", "en": "Don't make fun of the new student!", "tatoeba_id": 145211 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "661152e950efc7ca888352e60b11350d16fb24dd991411683aba1f90232e09d4", "meanings": [ "新生" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新入生が教室へ入ってきた。", "zh": "新生走进了教室。" }, { "ja": "新入生をからかってはいけません。", "zh": "不要捉弄新生。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/de323abf88", "JMdict ent_seq 1362270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "148bf06cf50ebb302ddbe8774eeba1ebd55c49f90244d1e170664e994d0619ca", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "7a85665422", "word": "信任", "reading": "しんにん", "romaji": "shinnin", "meanings": [ "trust", "confidence", "credence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1359500, "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい代表は会員の信任を得た。", "en": "The new representative gained the members’ confidence." }, { "ja": "信任を失わないよう努力する。", "en": "I work to retain their trust." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "06b04a10e21f20505bc4ab2de9137830b0034b344afa9f5ff4b6489f6c1c3c8c", "meanings": [ "信任", "信赖" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい代表は会員の信任を得た。", "zh": "新代表获得了会员的信任。" }, { "ja": "信任を失わないよう努力する。", "zh": "我努力不失去信任。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7a85665422", "JMdict ent_seq 1359500; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "62ba826494c9f009b0c0ffbaed8d4d146b9de4018d40238321f2959e0aef2354" } }, { "id": "6de88050b9", "word": "神秘", "reading": "しんぴ", "romaji": "shinpi", "meanings": [ "mystery" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1364830, "examples": [ { "ja": "その夢は私には神秘だった。", "furigana": "その{夢|ゆめ}は{私|わたし}には{神秘|しんぴ}だった。", "en": "The dream was a mystery to me.", "tatoeba_id": 206585 }, { "ja": "この神秘を解いたものはいますか。", "furigana": "この{神秘|しんぴ}を{解|と}いたものはいますか。", "en": "Has anybody solved this mystery?", "tatoeba_id": 221010 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bc2dd114c94c73dc58a7cdece7c52b1c4f66969cd0eda819a004c67e0b3ccc6d", "meanings": [ "神秘", "谜" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その夢は私には神秘だった。", "zh": "那个梦对我来说是个谜。" }, { "ja": "この神秘を解いたものはいますか。", "zh": "有人解开这个谜了吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6de88050b9", "JMdict ent_seq 1364830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "aa8ac1d0b008358ccf2b2c1c01c00517c4c677a4b32c15255e9bdde71ef3529e", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e27b945f77", "word": "辛抱", "reading": "しんぼう", "romaji": "shinbou", "meanings": [ "patience", "endurance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1365930, "examples": [ { "ja": "他人には辛抱するようにしなさい。", "furigana": "{他人|たにん}には{辛抱|しんぼう}するようにしなさい。", "en": "Try to be patient with others.", "tatoeba_id": 138554 }, { "ja": "人の痛いのは三年でも辛抱する。", "furigana": "{人|ひと}の{痛|いた}いのは{三年|さんねん}でも{辛抱|しんぼう}する。", "en": "A burden is light on another's shoulders.", "tatoeba_id": 144583 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d9adc2afe22065d7ef4e0199c05224f887e905b4372a4fd8ae97afd003d6e8fc", "meanings": [ "忍耐" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "他人には辛抱するようにしなさい。", "zh": "请对别人多些忍耐。" }, { "ja": "人の痛いのは三年でも辛抱する。", "zh": "别人的痛苦，忍耐三年也无妨。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e27b945f77", "JMdict ent_seq 1365930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7812bdfe0a0595b1103d128520910e46fab744ddb0bb60ac98e019775e2ead53", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1ee31a24cb", "word": "人民", "reading": "じんみん", "romaji": "jinmin", "meanings": [ "people", "public" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1369280, "examples": [ { "ja": "専制君主は人民を弾圧した。", "furigana": "{専制君主|せんせいくんしゅ}は{人民|じんみん}を{弾圧|だんあつ}した。", "en": "The tyrant kept the people down.", "tatoeba_id": 141420 }, { "ja": "米国の人民は独立のために戦った。", "furigana": "{米国|べいこく}の{人民|じんみん}は{独立|どくりつ}のために{戦|たたか}った。", "en": "The people of America fought for their independence.", "tatoeba_id": 83499 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "640d842acb2c0c7e5ffb3393ddf74150779a176c646a00e7e8adaedaa91ec079", "meanings": [ "人民" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "専制君主は人民を弾圧した。", "zh": "专制君主镇压人民。" }, { "ja": "米国の人民は独立のために戦った。", "zh": "美国人民为独立而战。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1ee31a24cb", "JMdict ent_seq 1369280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "add16ff8537bd34fa430dceb343f16e47790254b8b1ba8acc483b27988d256de", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "14a20b03ef", "word": "真理", "reading": "しんり", "romaji": "shinri", "meanings": [ "truth" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1364400, "examples": [ { "ja": "ついに彼は真理を知った。", "furigana": "ついに{彼|かれ}は{真理|しんり}を{知|し}った。", "en": "At last he found out the truth.", "tatoeba_id": 202633 }, { "ja": "真理は通例現在時制で表現される。", "furigana": "{真理|しんり}は{通例|つうれい}{現在|げんざい}{時制|じせい}で{表現|ひょうげん}される。", "en": "Truth is usually expressed in the present tense.", "tatoeba_id": 144950 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b1ba9fcab058d415f4927908a919eece2594512f2a49d8884f8ef806002b77a4", "meanings": [ "真理" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ついに彼は真理を知った。", "zh": "他终于知道了真理。" }, { "ja": "真理は通例現在時制で表現される。", "zh": "真理通常用现在时表达。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/14a20b03ef", "JMdict ent_seq 1364400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ce6cd38bf8475e87a5bef9fa7fee9267f48d204e9d9c30ff6683d2e5df4b3e76", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "194ead860f", "word": "侵略", "reading": "しんりゃく", "romaji": "shinryaku", "meanings": [ "aggression", "invasion", "raid" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1595200, "examples": [ { "ja": "ヒトラーは１９３９年にポーランドを侵略した。", "furigana": "ヒトラーは１９３９{年|ねん}にポーランドを{侵略|しんりゃく}した。", "en": "Hitler invaded Poland in 1939.", "tatoeba_id": 197486 }, { "ja": "他国への侵略は恥ずべき行為である。", "furigana": "{他国|たこく}への{侵略|しんりゃく}は{恥|は}ずべき{行為|こうい}である。", "en": "The invasion of other countries is a shameful action.", "tatoeba_id": 138573 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "de99cf7d4db350b74754672902c166dfbfdedc949b053a4fbbd70b4ed0d3155b", "meanings": [ "侵略" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ヒトラーは１９３９年にポーランドを侵略した。", "zh": "希特勒于1939年侵略了波兰。" }, { "ja": "他国への侵略は恥ずべき行為である。", "zh": "侵略他国是可耻的行为。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/194ead860f", "JMdict ent_seq 1595200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "44f7ec6a3b71366bf25f1feb9e8cc8f74b96ceecfa14ac72bb8e5e7c02b6131a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "9e1b9872a7", "word": "診療", "reading": "しんりょう", "romaji": "shinryou", "meanings": [ "medical examination and treatment", "diagnosis" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1365500, "examples": [ { "ja": "診療予約を取ってもらえますか。", "furigana": "{診療|しんりょう}{予約|よやく}を{取|と}ってもらえますか。", "en": "Can I make an appointment to have a medical examination?", "tatoeba_id": 144756 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "57cab88e3fe1f870785f718cc4829f95c9fa1ae7151c6549b673be7a08c1b58a", "meanings": [ "诊疗", "诊察治疗" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "診療予約を取ってもらえますか。", "zh": "可以帮我预约诊疗吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9e1b9872a7", "JMdict ent_seq 1365500; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "abea4c6d4122540505ecec12b8869d589b986fa8ac2c3eeae0ae7a3579bdecfe" } }, { "id": "7b0e6a6d8d", "word": "進路", "reading": "しんろ", "romaji": "shinro", "meanings": [ "course", "route" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1366200, "examples": [ { "ja": "進路のことで先生に助言を求めた。", "furigana": "{進路|しんろ}のことで{先生|せんせい}に{助言|じょげん}を{求|もと}めた。", "en": "I asked my teacher for advice on my future course.", "tatoeba_id": 144707 }, { "ja": "どの進路を選んでも危険が待ち受けている。", "furigana": "どの{進路|しんろ}を{選|えら}んでも{危険|きけん}が{待|ま}ち{受|う}けている。", "en": "Whichever way we choose will involve danger.", "tatoeba_id": 200291 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f8694440c334c75c278db75164663b1f0e3aef1d459ae3d8faff9a9a9a3a2359", "meanings": [ "前途", "路线" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "進路のことで先生に助言を求めた。", "zh": "我就未来方向向老师寻求建议。" }, { "ja": "どの進路を選んでも危険が待ち受けている。", "zh": "无论选择哪条路线都面临危险。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7b0e6a6d8d", "JMdict ent_seq 1366200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "dd58be9f77375ff7dbbd9cdb4d4ac88df1cabe8a988c884ca5a041a7474f1deb", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "76883dba8d", "word": "水源", "reading": "すいげん", "romaji": "suigen", "meanings": [ "source of river", "fountainhead" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1371460, "examples": [ { "ja": "川の始まるところが、水源である。", "furigana": "{川|かわ}の{始|はじ}まるところが、{水源|すいげん}である。", "en": "The place where a river starts is its source.", "tatoeba_id": 141377 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c0f8320ea029456cda01fdac9d082682c1b7c55665b75ce8320442dfd709aa36", "meanings": [ "水源", "源头" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "川の始まるところが、水源である。", "zh": "河流开始的地方就是水源。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/76883dba8d", "JMdict ent_seq 1371460; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "69e5b7d12fdd17f5331c7c9f6adbb52044965cf551dcc4c6f30478afe76c2c71" } }, { "id": "de03c669b2", "word": "推進", "reading": "すいしん", "romaji": "suishin", "meanings": [ "propulsion", "driving force" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1371140, "examples": [ { "ja": "法案通過を推進しているロビイストは、運動資金に賄賂の金をまぎれこませました。", "en": "Lobbyists for the bill funneled bribes into a campaign fund.", "tatoeba_id": 82686 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "866c7de4b8b2647cd275beef05cbf192392dc2114a4c705296ab62edcfa08b27", "meanings": [ "推进", "推动" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "法案通過を推進しているロビイストは、運動資金に賄賂の金をまぎれこませました。", "zh": "推动法案通过的游说人士把贿赂款混进了活动资金。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/de03c669b2", "JMdict ent_seq 1371140; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a917ce7225d228c9cfaa9bacd5565668f49b1850762a96cfbda769c463e75721" } }, { "id": "6cfd951394", "word": "水洗", "reading": "すいせん", "romaji": "suisen", "meanings": [ "flushing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1371760, "examples": [ { "ja": "今はほとんどのトイレが水洗ですよ。", "en": "Most toilets nowadays flush.", "tatoeba_id": 13715810 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e84e36c337ab674e7b256fe03f0104996a850a36ea638e8bdbe19fe70d43a8e8", "meanings": [ "水冲洗", "水冲式" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "今はほとんどのトイレが水洗ですよ。", "zh": "现在大多数厕所都是水冲式的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6cfd951394", "JMdict ent_seq 1371760; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6194d89e6bac37c526559c8a2327a4c2b1c89e4f602997f27b30d9ae4a95cbbb" } }, { "id": "794dfd94f4", "word": "吹奏", "reading": "すいそう", "romaji": "suisou", "meanings": [ "playing wind instruments" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1370790, "examples": [ { "ja": "吹奏楽部でフルートを吹いている。", "en": "I play the flute in the wind ensemble." }, { "ja": "吹奏楽の演奏を聴いた。", "en": "I listened to a wind ensemble performance." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ddcd0bd29ece70fa0f3661e4053f8a09ae5c45740f9b8a1bab224ed8b124f8fa", "meanings": [ "吹奏（管乐）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "吹奏楽部でフルートを吹いている。", "zh": "我在管乐团吹长笛。" }, { "ja": "吹奏楽の演奏を聴いた。", "zh": "我听了管乐演奏。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/794dfd94f4", "JMdict ent_seq 1370790; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "吹奏常见于吹奏楽，指演奏管乐。", "review_hash": "d6e9e65fdc73c8f75d31bde1eea44282be1e8617e29c5644b91aea31b563a406" } }, { "id": "44a1e074f7", "word": "推測", "reading": "すいそく", "romaji": "suisoku", "meanings": [ "guess", "conjecture" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1371200, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたも同意見だと推測します。", "furigana": "あなたも{同意見|どういけん}だと{推測|すいそく}します。", "en": "I gather you'll agree with me.", "tatoeba_id": 231465 }, { "ja": "それは推測に基づいている。", "furigana": "それは{推測|すいそく}に{基|もと}づいている。", "en": "It is founded on supposition.", "tatoeba_id": 205048 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c3a0f40286d5c2b2b178ef7825b8533ce953d1d92f7aa6a5a5fb9aafede7c220", "meanings": [ "推测" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたも同意見だと推測します。", "zh": "我猜你也有同样的意见。" }, { "ja": "それは推測に基づいている。", "zh": "那是根据推测得出的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/44a1e074f7", "JMdict ent_seq 1371200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d0786059c09bb0b9a839a229b7c154334ed9a377316379d46fbebe77e1ea1050", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "69b03989d5", "word": "水田", "reading": "すいでん", "romaji": "suiden", "meanings": [ "(water-filled) paddy field" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1371890, "examples": [ { "ja": "津波が水田を押し流し、町は浸水しました。", "en": "Tsunamis swept through rice fields and flooded the towns.", "tatoeba_id": 10837241 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8d3b4e73eb51b428e3d5b09ad96811ea681cdee4201fe96808d9218bf9f37b8b", "meanings": [ "水田", "稻田" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "津波が水田を押し流し、町は浸水しました。", "zh": "海啸冲毁水田，城镇被淹。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/69b03989d5", "JMdict ent_seq 1371890; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "034d943eb24118ee6a6e1b1fba504a4120f736c939eca0cb4f8d2f3e25e62c1e" } }, { "id": "1a978e6776", "word": "推理", "reading": "すいり", "romaji": "suiri", "meanings": [ "reasoning", "inference", "mystery or detective genre (movie, novel, etc.)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1371220, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は推理作家として有名になった。", "en": "She became famous as a mystery writer.", "tatoeba_id": 88440 }, { "ja": "あなたの推理は間違っている。", "furigana": "あなたの{推理|すいり}は{間違|まちが}っている。", "en": "Your guess is wrong.", "tatoeba_id": 233146 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "857d51f5e24938a91eec6c280e9b5984bea15bce559320175a4565d1e76aa6d1", "meanings": [ "推理" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は推理作家として有名になった。", "zh": "她作为推理作家而出名。" }, { "ja": "あなたの推理は間違っている。", "zh": "你的推理是错误的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1a978e6776", "JMdict ent_seq 1371220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "252e2c24eadb8a0e802d26df315af808cf55fd6b59a997beb11d170190afc433", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "19d6f3a783", "word": "数詞", "reading": "すうし", "romaji": "suushi", "meanings": [ "numeral" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1373050, "examples": [ { "ja": "数詞の使い方を学んだ。", "en": "I learned how to use numerals." }, { "ja": "この文の数詞を探してください。", "en": "Please find the numeral in this sentence." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6a089c5593c498481421af92f7e0f0a251d986173979a7c185dfe3bae1cd842d", "meanings": [ "数词" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "数詞の使い方を学んだ。", "zh": "我学习了数词的用法。" }, { "ja": "この文の数詞を探してください。", "zh": "请找出这个句子中的数词。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/19d6f3a783", "JMdict ent_seq 1373050; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1ce4864b8ba606d5d76a5b4ec561b0c13da91d7490bf05c9cf65df5d6844d653" } }, { "id": "d88d1e6c34", "word": "崇拝", "reading": "すうはい", "romaji": "suuhai", "meanings": [ "worship", "adoration", "admiration", "cult" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1372870, "examples": [ { "ja": "その部族は祖先を崇拝している。", "furigana": "その{部族|ぶぞく}は{祖先|そせん}を{崇拝|すうはい}している。", "en": "That tribe worships its ancestors.", "tatoeba_id": 206934 }, { "ja": "彼らは彼女を心から崇拝している。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{彼女|かのじょ}を{心|こころ}から{崇拝|すうはい}している。", "en": "They admire her deeply.", "tatoeba_id": 96254 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "31727b6c6ff91290b989b009d5e2912837a4d9e0f52747c89735beb746183a8b", "meanings": [ "崇拜" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その部族は祖先を崇拝している。", "zh": "那个部落崇拜祖先。" }, { "ja": "彼らは彼女を心から崇拝している。", "zh": "他们由衷地崇拜她。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d88d1e6c34", "JMdict ent_seq 1372870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f7020173f85b58a2d7d2802565a4524cbfe54a14cab32d6994345735efb73a25", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "94d6784915", "word": "据え付ける", "reading": "すえつける", "romaji": "suetsukeru", "meanings": [ "to install", "to equip", "to mount" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1373500, "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい機械を工場に据え付けた。", "en": "We installed a new machine in the factory." }, { "ja": "家具を壁に据え付ける。", "en": "We mount the furniture on the wall." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "159897951c50a189180530a7755eb80650e997bb50eb5a24ef6519db9611e236", "meanings": [ "安装", "设置" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい機械を工場に据え付けた。", "zh": "我们在工厂安装了新机器。" }, { "ja": "家具を壁に据え付ける。", "zh": "把家具固定在墙上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/94d6784915", "JMdict ent_seq 1373500; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "83d514c645e1111e6b3b45dfa7152c20068e9bf19d27db278fd0486fcd0e2ddb" } }, { "id": "e1d803b323", "word": "据える", "reading": "すえる", "romaji": "sueru", "meanings": [ "to set (table)", "to lay (foundation)", "to place (gun)", "to apply (moxa)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1373480, "examples": [ { "ja": "中央には机が据えられていて、赤い革張りの回転椅子がそえてあった。", "furigana": "{中央|ちゅうおう}には{机|つくえ}が{据|す}えられていて、{赤|あか}い{革張|かわば}りの{回転椅子|かいてんいす}がそえてあった。", "en": "A desk stood in the centre, with a red leather swivel chair.", "tatoeba_id": 74457 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "92ad22225b17cecdf5cad4d9fe6ea27ce631e31341344eec29364974d59560c6", "meanings": [ "安置", "设置", "摆放" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "中央には机が据えられていて、赤い革張りの回転椅子がそえてあった。", "zh": "中央摆着桌子，旁边配有一把红色皮面转椅。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e1d803b323", "JMdict ent_seq 1373480; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "22eedc6387f2386a583095d856e092bb679732206580973c7b3f50394fff53d7" } }, { "id": "78c700a939", "word": "清々しい", "reading": "すがすがしい", "romaji": "sugasugashii", "meanings": [ "fresh", "refreshing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1595560, "examples": [ { "ja": "今日はすがすがしいお天気ですね。", "en": "It's a nice day, isn't it?", "tatoeba_id": 171778 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4dfcfd795c545398b04c5a458c6c9cce55c54257771c4707dcbf62216a3b64f5", "meanings": [ "清爽", "爽快" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "今日はすがすがしいお天気ですね。", "zh": "今天天气真清爽。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/78c700a939", "JMdict ent_seq 1595560; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7d447f836f799881f99f9327bbb7cdd36e1d5d09818dddb117e0bb2f829692c9" } }, { "id": "73155c92ff", "word": "過ぎ", "reading": "すぎ", "romaji": "sugi", "meanings": [ "past", "after" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1195960, "examples": [ { "ja": "スピードの出し過ぎは危険です。", "furigana": "スピードの{出|だ}し{過|す}ぎは{危険|きけん}です。", "en": "Driving too fast is dangerous.", "tatoeba_id": 214534 }, { "ja": "１０時過ぎには電話をしないで下さい。", "en": "Don't call me up after ten o'clock.", "tatoeba_id": 236041 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "21e1274f7946a3043753b7a5f674aaf6f2513ad898c796a128ea886bc54591ed", "meanings": [ "超过", "过了" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "スピードの出し過ぎは危険です。", "zh": "超速很危险。" }, { "ja": "１０時過ぎには電話をしないで下さい。", "zh": "十点以后请不要打电话。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/73155c92ff", "JMdict ent_seq 1195960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "92f9e226716d681402ac9cd49cfbbd2de4eb34f23f683eec9f445555414935f4", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "67f5a63d23", "word": "救い", "reading": "すくい", "romaji": "sukui", "meanings": [ "help", "aid", "relief" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1229030, "examples": [ { "ja": "アフリカの難民が救いを求めている。", "furigana": "アフリカの{難民|なんみん}が{救|すく}いを{求|もと}めている。", "en": "Refugees in Africa are seeking help.", "tatoeba_id": 230384 }, { "ja": "「神はわれらの救いである」と司祭は言った。", "en": "\"God is our salvation,\" said the priest.", "tatoeba_id": 236262 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "02ae937968e07fa2482e13426c84d04fb231b2f9bdc6a7b88b69dcf30c5c3806", "meanings": [ "救助", "救赎" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アフリカの難民が救いを求めている。", "zh": "非洲难民正在寻求救助。" }, { "ja": "「神はわれらの救いである」と司祭は言った。", "zh": "神父说：“神是我们的救赎。”" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/67f5a63d23", "JMdict ent_seq 1229030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "c1b007c29a84232ffc6a0b540d681b07dbb94c3360431e3612748c75689a1e18", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "aee9789002", "word": "掬う", "reading": "すくう", "romaji": "sukuu", "meanings": [ "to scoop", "to ladle out" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1226200, "examples": [ { "ja": "お玉でスープをすくった。", "en": "I ladled up soup." }, { "ja": "手で水をすくう。", "en": "I scoop water with my hands." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e9c733fd9ed0af9ee245eaca5a2f062f281ea8f409cdb3a4644ea2ccaeb4f4d8", "meanings": [ "舀", "捧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "お玉でスープをすくった。", "zh": "我用汤勺舀了汤。" }, { "ja": "手で水をすくう。", "zh": "用手捧水。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aee9789002", "JMdict ent_seq 1226200; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1050f5b1d2b4e76e895ac01f575c426509c07e47f3fb39bbbbb312725fd39e7a" } }, { "id": "fa16d0fa2f", "word": "健やか", "reading": "すこやか", "romaji": "sukoyaka", "meanings": [ "vigorous", "healthy", "sound" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1256110, "examples": [ { "ja": "インコやオウムと仲良く楽しく健やかに暮らすために、飼鳥の行動学やペットロスについて考える。", "furigana": "インコやオウムと{仲良|なかよ}く{楽|たの}しく{健|すこ}やかに{暮|く}らすために、{飼鳥|かいどり}の{行動学|こうどうがく}やペットロスについて{考|かんが}える。", "en": "In order to live happily and healthily with parakeets or parrots, you should understand the science of animal behavior for domesticated birds, and consider the emotional effect of eventually losing them.", "tatoeba_id": 76854 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e67d8eb015737d51a44387e7d69768ae808bfde03ca6b2fa9912891bd326a0da", "meanings": [ "健康", "健壮" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "インコやオウムと仲良く楽しく健やかに暮らすために、飼鳥の行動学やペットロスについて考える。", "zh": "为了与虎皮鹦鹉和其他鹦鹉友好愉快、健康地生活，探讨饲养鸟类的行为学和失宠之痛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fa16d0fa2f", "JMdict ent_seq 1256110; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8157219265c3102976ff51ccda4543ae8868e6af2bc795fcf72b76acc7d0cbab" } }, { "id": "d2062ce3a7", "word": "濯ぐ", "reading": "すすぐ", "romaji": "susugu", "meanings": [ "to rinse", "to wash out" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5g", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1581550, "examples": [ { "ja": "洗った服を水ですすいだ。", "en": "I rinsed the washed clothes in water." }, { "ja": "口を水ですすいでください。", "en": "Please rinse your mouth with water." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "156609edc0d0b9d5f956d49d49aab45ece73695d8586c64630c46bdcdd285a14", "meanings": [ "冲洗", "漱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "洗った服を水ですすいだ。", "zh": "我用水漂洗了洗过的衣服。" }, { "ja": "口を水ですすいでください。", "zh": "请用水漱口。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d2062ce3a7", "JMdict ent_seq 1581550; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "濯ぐ可读すすぐ、ゆすぐ等；在すすぐ读音下还可表示洗雪污名。", "review_hash": "af3d7bbf2b7fbf1990cf4ff764ee472870e9f8d12f0380c66ada3c7acb55fcb2" } }, { "id": "ae0b1c0956", "word": "進み", "reading": "すすみ", "romaji": "susumi", "meanings": [ "progress" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1365960, "examples": [ { "ja": "工事の進みが遅い。", "en": "The construction is progressing slowly." }, { "ja": "仕事の進みを確認した。", "en": "I checked the progress of the work." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fae6d510a2af092a9b686f8eaf0d37246221cca0667ba770cc695732d46f34eb", "meanings": [ "进展", "进度" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "工事の進みが遅い。", "zh": "工程进展缓慢。" }, { "ja": "仕事の進みを確認した。", "zh": "我确认了工作的进度。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ae0b1c0956", "JMdict ent_seq 1365960; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "進み是名词，表示进展；原例句中的進み是动词连用形。", "review_hash": "5db63af7c528284163a006ee542e1bd1462d277610cf8818bdbbf80b9ceb84be" } }, { "id": "c65db80738", "word": "勧め", "reading": "すすめ", "romaji": "susume", "meanings": [ "recommendation", "advice", "encouragement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1210900, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は医者の勧めでたばこをやめた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{医者|いしゃ}の{勧|すす}めでたばこをやめた。", "en": "He stopped smoking on his doctor's advice.", "tatoeba_id": 110048 }, { "ja": "もし彼のすすめに従っていたら、会社に一銭もなくなっていたかもしれません。", "furigana": "もし{彼|かれ}のすすめに{従|したが}っていたら、{会社|かいしゃ}に{一銭|いっせん}もなくなっていたかもしれません。", "en": "The firm might have lost all its money if it had taken his advice.", "tatoeba_id": 193499 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "24abd4ef2d73731220f1d20f0fa44bc2c97bdf2c5f3dbb9316ecf6c91ada054b", "meanings": [ "劝告", "建议" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は医者の勧めでたばこをやめた。", "zh": "他听从医生的建议戒了烟。" }, { "ja": "もし彼のすすめに従っていたら、会社に一銭もなくなっていたかもしれません。", "zh": "如果听了他的建议，公司可能一分钱也不剩了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c65db80738", "JMdict ent_seq 1210900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "5764a8b3d15c2d3384beaf45936dabf8cbb749c576c8cf295d07b4c41e9c9642", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0f8d581ad8", "word": "裾", "reading": "すそ", "romaji": "suso", "meanings": [ "(trouser) cuff", "(skirt) hem", "cut edge of a hairdo", "foot of mountain" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1373610, "examples": [ { "ja": "カレンの裾が捲れている。", "en": "Karen's skirt is riding up.", "tatoeba_id": 76789 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8a21709b52e43a15f17b9d834cc2fb8bd2a81feed9806ecc4100e678c03febbe", "meanings": [ "下摆", "裤脚", "山脚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "カレンの裾が捲れている。", "zh": "凯伦的衣服下摆卷起来了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0f8d581ad8", "JMdict ent_seq 1373610; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5deb2c6b34d34ee4451fb5fce61885a96c1a82f8244a5b95ae6d60e01eb3331d" } }, { "id": "a7941c36e8", "word": "スタジオ", "reading": "スタジオ", "romaji": "sutajio", "meanings": [ "studio" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1069590, "examples": [ { "ja": "夜にスタジオでは電気をつけない。", "furigana": "{夜|よる}にスタジオでは{電気|でんき}をつけない。", "en": "I don't switch on the light in my studio at night.", "tatoeba_id": 79751 }, { "ja": "スタジオに入れません。", "furigana": "スタジオに{入|い}れません。", "en": "We cannot go into the studio.", "tatoeba_id": 214681 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "4f537514539696329830998994e14d0bbf760c36a295f06923ee36616932b07f", "meanings": [ "工作室", "摄影棚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "夜にスタジオでは電気をつけない。", "zh": "晚上在工作室不开灯。" }, { "ja": "スタジオに入れません。", "zh": "进不了工作室。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a7941c36e8", "JMdict ent_seq 1069590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "72d89b1531bb503c9b49ed912aa00da6144dcece6b8d2e495338876693873ed2", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6aa18274ff", "word": "廃れる", "reading": "すたれる", "romaji": "sutareru", "meanings": [ "to go out of use", "to become obsolete", "to die out", "to go out of fashion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1472020, "examples": [ { "ja": "その風習はすたれつつある。", "furigana": "その{風習|ふうしゅう}はすたれつつある。", "en": "That custom is on the decrease.", "tatoeba_id": 206926 }, { "ja": "ミニスカートはすたれてしまった。", "en": "Miniskirts have gone out of fashion.", "tatoeba_id": 195061 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a838b2bd8fc5d25ae29605abc4b6d61a88f466225752915542b6e3ddd63784dd", "meanings": [ "过时", "衰落" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その風習はすたれつつある。", "zh": "那种习俗正逐渐消失。" }, { "ja": "ミニスカートはすたれてしまった。", "zh": "迷你裙已经过时了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6aa18274ff", "JMdict ent_seq 1472020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fc41d108536c178b9e7f03254d16157417f993a16fb70f4195e1a86eb6898d80", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c3ca467b1d", "word": "スチーム", "reading": "スチーム", "romaji": "suchiimu", "meanings": [ "steam" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1070050, "examples": [ { "ja": "スチームショベルは片方に三階建て、もう片方に四階建ての地下を掘りました。", "en": "The steam shovels dug down three stories on one side and four stories on the other side.", "tatoeba_id": 214673 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cfc5c8940c7fac78fd6618e685c6a8cab21a61571c52906fd831cbcf0a4768da", "meanings": [ "蒸汽" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "スチームショベルは片方に三階建て、もう片方に四階建ての地下を掘りました。", "zh": "蒸汽挖掘机一侧挖出了三层楼深的地下空间，另一侧挖出了四层楼深。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c3ca467b1d", "JMdict ent_seq 1070050; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a87887feca4362461e3baa8a398ef7d7b3424e2d6f7e36d44edd31f4d2241bd8" } }, { "id": "484290c451", "word": "ストライキ", "reading": "ストライキ", "romaji": "sutoraiki", "meanings": [ "strike" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1071180, "examples": [ { "ja": "労働者達はストライキ中です。", "en": "The workers are on strike.", "tatoeba_id": 77359 }, { "ja": "ストライキはほとんどむだだった。", "en": "The strike was to little purpose.", "tatoeba_id": 214592 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "903b474a28c4258e56ad5a4a3db3adaf63155fd046c9f416ab7e34161423c1f4", "meanings": [ "罢工" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "労働者達はストライキ中です。", "zh": "工人们正在罢工。" }, { "ja": "ストライキはほとんどむだだった。", "zh": "罢工几乎白费了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/484290c451", "JMdict ent_seq 1071180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "144f2b0fc4a09c0990094a54f99d2942b82da03107964a73bf8049e60df33a8f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5be448e6cb", "word": "ストレス", "reading": "ストレス", "romaji": "sutoresu", "meanings": [ "stress" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1071490, "examples": [ { "ja": "ストレスを避けることが必要です。", "en": "It's necessary to avoid stress.", "tatoeba_id": 214583 }, { "ja": "彼女はストレスに対処できない。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はストレスに{対処|たいしょ}できない。", "en": "She is unable to cope with stress.", "tatoeba_id": 92695 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "5601d1dca223e9575a0a558a77c7e0d1109f2a6d728a3161731c860fb664f270", "meanings": [ "压力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ストレスを避けることが必要です。", "zh": "必须避免压力。" }, { "ja": "彼女はストレスに対処できない。", "zh": "她无法应对压力。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5be448e6cb", "JMdict ent_seq 1071490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9a9a9ebf9b825839328080bbc286b197efd4e330bbf6be1e4259a6c230bcec81", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ef159e6567", "word": "ストロー", "reading": "ストロー", "romaji": "sutoroo", "meanings": [ "straw" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1071540, "examples": [ { "ja": "ストローは水にはいるところで曲がって見える。", "furigana": "ストローは{水|みず}にはいるところで{曲|ま}がって{見|み}える。", "en": "The straw appears bent at the place where it enters the water.", "tatoeba_id": 214582 }, { "ja": "このことは水の入ったグラスにストローを入れて見れば容易にわかる。", "en": "You can see this easily if you put a straw into a glass of water.", "tatoeba_id": 223765 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e98a22b66dd31d106e70490f479e3be77d09ae95611e2e8968983977a4da41c5", "meanings": [ "吸管" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ストローは水にはいるところで曲がって見える。", "zh": "吸管在进入水的地方看起来是弯的。" }, { "ja": "このことは水の入ったグラスにストローを入れて見れば容易にわかる。", "zh": "把吸管放进一杯水中看看，就很容易理解这一点。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ef159e6567", "JMdict ent_seq 1071540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f5404a61055b1f1eb7707a43d03a6e6890954635e5a04d5db988c4a5d2343677", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "0ebbd144f0", "word": "ストロボ", "reading": "ストロボ", "romaji": "sutorobo", "meanings": [ "stroboscope (lit: strobo)", "strobe lamp", "stroboscopic lamp" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1071600, "examples": [ { "ja": "ここでストロボ撮影をしてもいいですか。", "en": "Is it all right to use a flash here?", "tatoeba_id": 224663 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "965866dab8919880f62012e77081eb158f5316856f34c3effd17df2c5a53b63b", "meanings": [ "闪光灯", "频闪灯" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ここでストロボ撮影をしてもいいですか。", "zh": "可以在这里使用闪光灯拍摄吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0ebbd144f0", "JMdict ent_seq 1071600; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f045d1f30dffd5b9d2e68628b8f8882af740963447d4f61d053aa2cf05ec1c21" } }, { "id": "0a3108b49a", "word": "すばしこい", "reading": "すばしこい", "romaji": "subashikoi", "meanings": [ "nimble", "smart", "quick" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1006180, "examples": [ { "ja": "リスはすばしこく木を登る。", "furigana": "リスはすばしこく{木|き}を{登|のぼ}る。", "en": "Squirrels are nimble in climbing trees.", "tatoeba_id": 192526 }, { "ja": "雀は動作が非常にすばしこい。", "furigana": "{雀|すずめ}は{動作|どうさ}が{非常|ひじょう}にすばしこい。", "en": "A sparrow is very alert in its movements.", "tatoeba_id": 143489 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8dea30bba72ab2d6a02970e8af12fbd26bfc8476db3cfcb84a88999369ac71b1", "meanings": [ "敏捷", "机灵" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "リスはすばしこく木を登る。", "zh": "松鼠敏捷地爬上树。" }, { "ja": "雀は動作が非常にすばしこい。", "zh": "麻雀动作非常敏捷。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0a3108b49a", "JMdict ent_seq 1006180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "81532f6de60734814320ad328f3ac39a2a8ea548a7dd3c464ff867640f98b919", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "139bcb98dd", "word": "素早い", "reading": "すばやい", "romaji": "subayai", "meanings": [ "fast", "quick", "prompt", "agile" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1397310, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は素早くフランス語を習得した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{素早|すばや}くフランス{語|ご}を{習得|しゅうとく}した。", "en": "He acquired French quickly.", "tatoeba_id": 102889 }, { "ja": "そのクモは素早い反撃をする。", "furigana": "そのクモは{素早|すばや}い{反撃|はんげき}をする。", "en": "The spider responds with a swift attack.", "tatoeba_id": 213257 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "d4635febc04645173b3f51021157176c73afc9bdd26823604de2def68a39cb75", "meanings": [ "迅速", "敏捷" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は素早くフランス語を習得した。", "zh": "他很快掌握了法语。" }, { "ja": "そのクモは素早い反撃をする。", "zh": "那只蜘蛛迅速反击。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/139bcb98dd", "JMdict ent_seq 1397310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cbc8002158b9570ac625b69147da7ba0fd039a876f0469ed1cd8cc7a9f9c888f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d4f22b4480", "word": "ずばり", "reading": "ずばり", "romaji": "zubari", "meanings": [ "decisively", "decidedly", "once and for all", "unreservedly", "frankly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adv-to" ], "jmdict_id": 1006400, "examples": [ { "ja": "その問題についての彼の意見はずばり的を射ている。", "furigana": "その{問題|もんだい}についての{彼|かれ}の{意見|いけん}はずばり{的|まと}を{射|い}ている。", "en": "His remarks on the subject are much to the point.", "tatoeba_id": 206511 }, { "ja": "彼の言葉はズバリ急所を言い当てた。", "en": "His remark hit home.", "tatoeba_id": 117513 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "fa2c2437a8e7836210225070945040100e9fa0820ba4115bc8b779fb26917e43", "meanings": [ "一针见血", "直截了当" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その問題についての彼の意見はずばり的を射ている。", "zh": "他对那个问题的意见一针见血。" }, { "ja": "彼の言葉はズバリ急所を言い当てた。", "zh": "他的话直指要害。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d4f22b4480", "JMdict ent_seq 1006400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "a523424866c1a077332b1fb1247beaa715c78b55cb50e3cee4a5135c1e1b6bbe", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "09049312f0", "word": "スピード", "reading": "スピード", "romaji": "supiido", "meanings": [ "speed" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1072310, "examples": [ { "ja": "スピードの出し過ぎは危険です。", "furigana": "スピードの{出|だ}し{過|す}ぎは{危険|きけん}です。", "en": "Driving too fast is dangerous.", "tatoeba_id": 214534 }, { "ja": "道が悪いのでスピードを出せない。", "furigana": "{道|みち}が{悪|わる}いのでスピードを{出|だ}せない。", "en": "The bad roads prohibit speeding.", "tatoeba_id": 123625 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f66f87245c3247683a5732ed9d71ee7f554502a9d7866f232ceb95dbe65ee9ef", "meanings": [ "速度" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "スピードの出し過ぎは危険です。", "zh": "超速很危险。" }, { "ja": "道が悪いのでスピードを出せない。", "zh": "因为路不好，开不快。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/09049312f0", "JMdict ent_seq 1072310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f2cd56703a58e21ad67d49f106cb3f13290f927699b5503ef07c06c869c61e0d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3d2a593a0f", "word": "ずぶ濡れ", "reading": "ずぶぬれ", "romaji": "zubunure", "meanings": [ "soaked", "dripping wet" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1006410, "examples": [ { "ja": "強い雨のため私はずぶ濡れになった。", "furigana": "{強|つよ}い{雨|あめ}のため{私|わたし}はずぶ{濡|ぬ}れになった。", "en": "I was drenched to the skin because of the heavy rain.", "tatoeba_id": 180542 }, { "ja": "トムはずぶ濡れになって、風邪をひいた。", "furigana": "トムはずぶ{濡|ぬ}れになって、{風邪|かぜ}をひいた。", "en": "Tom got wet to the skin and caught cold.", "tatoeba_id": 200069 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "86035e34d2a00753c5ec710ccbb09480509c118e85e19721f672981bd081cc33", "meanings": [ "湿透" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "強い雨のため私はずぶ濡れになった。", "zh": "因为大雨，我浑身湿透了。" }, { "ja": "トムはずぶ濡れになって、風邪をひいた。", "zh": "汤姆全身湿透，感冒了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3d2a593a0f", "JMdict ent_seq 1006410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "4e320f08204debe1032c13784ecd9a4f373731061365f3027f820c0500a18a42", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e688cdb877", "word": "スプリング", "reading": "スプリング", "romaji": "supuringu", "meanings": [ "spring" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1072690, "examples": [ { "ja": "椅子のスプリングが壊れた。", "en": "The spring in the chair broke." }, { "ja": "スプリングが縮んで元に戻った。", "en": "The spring compressed and returned to its shape." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c4fdbeb10e655179eae95c615cebc966f35c0e75e4e401076a6c03a400b543da", "meanings": [ "弹簧", "春天" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "椅子のスプリングが壊れた。", "zh": "椅子里的弹簧坏了。" }, { "ja": "スプリングが縮んで元に戻った。", "zh": "弹簧压缩后恢复了原状。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e688cdb877", "JMdict ent_seq 1072690; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "スプリング可指弹簧或春天；专名スプリングフィールド不能展示一般义项。", "review_hash": "9876899d12ed4185e2bfc483eb16f3509a437777ad40425120a034033cc988b9" } }, { "id": "02214493b2", "word": "スペース", "reading": "スペース", "romaji": "supeesu", "meanings": [ "space" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1072810, "examples": [ { "ja": "このあたりは駐車できるスペースがほとんどない。", "furigana": "このあたりは{駐車|ちゅうしゃ}できるスペースがほとんどない。", "en": "There are few places to park around here.", "tatoeba_id": 224017 }, { "ja": "どこでもスペースのある所にそれを置きなさい。", "furigana": "どこでもスペースのある{所|ところ}にそれを{置|お}きなさい。", "en": "Put it wherever there is room.", "tatoeba_id": 200981 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e0a0ee7bc57a5b007d1b943c6fd0771b0bbd4040a4f6a207b93c57fc3ae70f64", "meanings": [ "空间", "空位" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このあたりは駐車できるスペースがほとんどない。", "zh": "这一带几乎没有停车位。" }, { "ja": "どこでもスペースのある所にそれを置きなさい。", "zh": "哪里有空地方就放在哪里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/02214493b2", "JMdict ent_seq 1072810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "fd31e9d2d7bd8dd584c24efe3cab90e299e0bb4d71dc95e1201331e67bbbee6d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "c97f669a80", "word": "スポーツカー", "reading": "スポーツカー", "romaji": "supootsukaa", "meanings": [ "sports car" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1073250, "examples": [ { "ja": "あそこのスポーツカーを見なさい。", "furigana": "あそこのスポーツカーを{見|み}なさい。", "en": "Look at the sports car over there.", "tatoeba_id": 234395 }, { "ja": "赤いスポーツカーを買ったんだ。", "furigana": "{赤|あか}いスポーツカーを{買|か}ったんだ。", "en": "I bought a red sports car.", "tatoeba_id": 155524 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2fa5b15aab21f682f3aa513bce777f7b53a03a3f7b1a37f41a5260901a36b29f", "meanings": [ "跑车" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あそこのスポーツカーを見なさい。", "zh": "看看那边的跑车。" }, { "ja": "赤いスポーツカーを買ったんだ。", "zh": "我买了一辆红色跑车。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c97f669a80", "JMdict ent_seq 1073250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7a1f03c1839f4116c187326d953c86b2f96c92bb02205f8e8669797150d33a4d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e11f113050", "word": "済ます", "reading": "すます", "romaji": "sumasu", "meanings": [ "to finish", "to get it over with", "to settle", "to conclude", "to pay back" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1295030, "examples": [ { "ja": "電話で済まそうと思いました。", "furigana": "{電話|でんわ}で{済|す}まそうと{思|おも}いました。", "en": "I thought I could settle it by phone.", "tatoeba_id": 74135 }, { "ja": "７時までに彼女は夕食を済ましてしまっているだろう。", "furigana": "７{時|じ}までに{彼女|かのじょ}は{夕食|ゆうしょく}を{済|す}ましてしまっているだろう。", "en": "By 7:00 she will have eaten dinner.", "tatoeba_id": 234973 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "6a35eb59ea13215f1172d24f0d21507fe7954c43984b5de0313e7c6da2465a79", "meanings": [ "办完", "结束" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "電話で済まそうと思いました。", "zh": "我打算通过电话解决。" }, { "ja": "７時までに彼女は夕食を済ましてしまっているだろう。", "zh": "到七点她应该已经吃完晚饭了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e11f113050", "JMdict ent_seq 1295030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "7c635f6debb46ba674df04ea3d2dd078912a173c36754e9b13578675632408e0", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "5cda34a1a0", "word": "澄ます", "reading": "すます", "romaji": "sumasu", "meanings": [ "to clear", "to make clear", "to be unruffled", "to look unconcerned", "to look demure", "look prim", "put on airs" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1373650, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの社長秘書はいつも澄ましている。", "en": "That president's secretary is always prim.", "tatoeba_id": 230915 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "405653be8b55cc1a72a0788dcd0b51181c4a9e6e48fafc23f200ec1be2694239", "meanings": [ "摆出庄重模样", "清澈" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの社長秘書はいつも澄ましている。", "zh": "那位社长秘书总是摆出一副端庄的样子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5cda34a1a0", "JMdict ent_seq 1373650; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c3dbe45d0714cd6f8b6b990db4e4c367fd29bd53160fc5b756ae6e72231fe2f1" } }, { "id": "f71c5d995e", "word": "天皇", "reading": "すめらぎ", "romaji": "sumeragi", "meanings": [ "Emperor of Japan" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2837102, "examples": [ { "ja": "古語では天皇をすめらぎともいう。", "en": "In classical language the emperor is also called sumeragi." }, { "ja": "古い詩にすめらぎという呼称がある。", "en": "The title sumeragi appears in old poetry." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f81e61f4af3ace10fb3fe2da0c8ef3445f83c903783cd099bea5567d18b095d3", "meanings": [ "天皇（古称）" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "古語では天皇をすめらぎともいう。", "zh": "古语中也把天皇称为すめらぎ。" }, { "ja": "古い詩にすめらぎという呼称がある。", "zh": "古诗中有すめらぎ这一称呼。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f71c5d995e", "JMdict ent_seq 2837102; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "すめらぎ是天皇的古称；现代通常读てんのう。", "review_hash": "1f1bc90c1fa86219d7b4d0cc50bd6ec9845cd122a18665a9a88b8dc0b754fc67" } }, { "id": "01106fe229", "word": "スラックス", "reading": "スラックス", "romaji": "surakkusu", "meanings": [ "slacks" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1073780, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼のスラックスはしわくちゃだ。", "en": "His slacks are all wrinkled.", "tatoeba_id": 118293 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "20248ca1eb41f67a0953ba32d46eef7ddb979b32e1d7edc6526557d7da365ee3", "meanings": [ "休闲长裤", "西裤" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼のスラックスはしわくちゃだ。", "zh": "他的长裤皱巴巴的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/01106fe229", "JMdict ent_seq 1073780; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6c48fda2df979569bf6b94b04599647572bb59eef8aa4075731bb6049e59657a" } }, { "id": "0f0d43dcdb", "word": "ずらっと", "reading": "ずらっと", "romaji": "zuratto", "meanings": [ "in a line", "in a row" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1006430, "examples": [ { "ja": "店の前に人がずらっと並んだ。", "en": "People lined up in a long row in front of the shop." }, { "ja": "棚に本がずらっと並んでいる。", "en": "Books are lined up across the shelves." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a1df798744df758e87a880fe8b26e302bb19a5985f495e32b63db54f319ad38a", "meanings": [ "一排", "成行" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "店の前に人がずらっと並んだ。", "zh": "商店前排了一长队人。" }, { "ja": "棚に本がずらっと並んでいる。", "zh": "书架上整齐地排着书。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0f0d43dcdb", "JMdict ent_seq 1006430; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "36d5432589dd395231102584821a30a00a02e092e40a0447d7ed23f6d20224c5" } }, { "id": "4523ccb200", "word": "刷り", "reading": "すり", "romaji": "suri", "meanings": [ "printing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1657910, "examples": [ { "ja": "この本は初刷りです。", "en": "This book is a first printing." }, { "ja": "刷りの違いを比べた。", "en": "I compared the different printings." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "23b59740a022d3b25342d14133e422a1a94d0bd9c027a01f3438503fa4bee5b5", "meanings": [ "印次", "印刷" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この本は初刷りです。", "zh": "这本书是初次印刷。" }, { "ja": "刷りの違いを比べた。", "zh": "我比较了不同印次。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4523ccb200", "JMdict ent_seq 1657910; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "刷り常见于初刷り等，表示印次。", "review_hash": "46800996ca307661d1b3781e4c473c538cc0a82d7b002200cb69cd794ca279c2" } }, { "id": "5abd8e3509", "word": "ずるずる", "reading": "ずるずる", "romaji": "zuruzuru", "meanings": [ "sound or act of dragging", "loose", "inconclusive but unwanted situation", "trailingly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1006440, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はぬかるんだ斜面をずるずると滑り下りた。", "en": "I slithered down the muddy slope.", "tatoeba_id": 76288 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3f8e061f7cb5d735ffe0bc977fd91bbbcd1a84bfc83287d8852f72ea0389715f", "meanings": [ "拖拉", "滑动", "拖拖拉拉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はぬかるんだ斜面をずるずると滑り下りた。", "zh": "我顺着泥泞的斜坡滑了下去。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5abd8e3509", "JMdict ent_seq 1006440; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b178b084e772f33176519b78ade7b55b589f5c378bd4f1b0ae48a6a1a5ec04dc" } }, { "id": "96d4a7e009", "word": "ずれ", "reading": "ずれ", "romaji": "zure", "meanings": [ "gap", "slippage" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1006450, "examples": [ { "ja": "予定と実際にずれが生じた。", "en": "A discrepancy arose between the plan and reality." }, { "ja": "時計のずれを直した。", "en": "I corrected the clock’s deviation." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "05afb42001685728e9f04a6d8444f4691510d7a763438bc0a0a50b52ee164965", "meanings": [ "偏差", "错位" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "予定と実際にずれが生じた。", "zh": "计划与实际产生了偏差。" }, { "ja": "時計のずれを直した。", "zh": "我校正了钟表的误差。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/96d4a7e009", "JMdict ent_seq 1006450; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b0c4648ac0c35fff45c5957b9c64015543d626fbe2e465ce40f02a5223987fe3" } }, { "id": "5c66cff518", "word": "擦れ違い", "reading": "すれちがい", "romaji": "surechigai", "meanings": [ "passing each other", "missing each other", "disagreement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1298930, "examples": [ { "ja": "二人の間に気持ちのすれ違いがあった。", "en": "There was a misunderstanding between the two." }, { "ja": "駅ですれ違いになり、会えなかった。", "en": "We missed each other at the station." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3319e3bffc7ad904c187df54aceb60621cdec42332b82434100126d6c961508e", "meanings": [ "错过", "擦肩而过", "意见不合" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "二人の間に気持ちのすれ違いがあった。", "zh": "两人之间产生了感情上的误会。" }, { "ja": "駅ですれ違いになり、会えなかった。", "zh": "我们在车站错过，没能见面。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5c66cff518", "JMdict ent_seq 1298930; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "すれ違い可指错过、擦肩而过，也可指想法或感情不合。", "review_hash": "beed4a99e8ffcc4b3784c5ecd96b7939699e9e33837046fad96670973fb45d37" } }, { "id": "8a15574f02", "word": "擦れる", "reading": "すれる", "romaji": "sureru", "meanings": [ "to rub", "to chafe", "to wear", "to become sophisticated" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1595930, "examples": [ { "ja": "靴が足に擦れて痛い。", "en": "My shoes rub against my feet and hurt." }, { "ja": "布が擦れて薄くなった。", "en": "The cloth became thin from rubbing." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "22b542699b874ebfc260af908e63db305c080ff27f68db67798305b1444dee39", "meanings": [ "摩擦", "擦伤", "磨损" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "靴が足に擦れて痛い。", "zh": "鞋子磨脚，很疼。" }, { "ja": "布が擦れて薄くなった。", "zh": "布料摩擦后变薄了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8a15574f02", "JMdict ent_seq 1595930; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4199724f4a53ee4f8d39c8634ed1fbde0037ba3a6ddfdebc339d302760c1d464" } }, { "id": "1bd79302aa", "word": "すんなり", "reading": "すんなり", "romaji": "sunnari", "meanings": [ "pass with no objection", "slim", "slender" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv-to", "adv", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1006320, "examples": [ { "ja": "スーザンは賢いから試験にすんなり通ると思うよ。", "furigana": "スーザンは{賢|かしこ}いから{試験|しけん}にすんなり{通|とお}ると{思|おも}うよ。", "en": "Susan is intelligent, and I expect her to pass the exam easily.", "tatoeba_id": 215101 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7721c8bca7be191744b0a55bc94860f1ba668d3f884f9bcbb8f655829d729981", "meanings": [ "顺利", "苗条" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "スーザンは賢いから試験にすんなり通ると思うよ。", "zh": "苏珊聪明，我想她会顺利通过考试。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1bd79302aa", "JMdict ent_seq 1006320; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "161a6d24f0cfed85433a60036402f99984d4b7bdebf16348dc82337606dce669" } }, { "id": "534cb7e2f0", "word": "制", "reading": "せい", "romaji": "sei", "meanings": [ "system", "organization", "imperial command", "laws", "regulation", "control", "government", "suppression", "restraint", "holding back" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1374620, "examples": [ { "ja": "その企業は週５日労働制を実施した。", "en": "The enterprises carried the five-day workweek.", "tatoeba_id": 211570 }, { "ja": "新しい給与制度を導入した。", "en": "A new pay system was introduced." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f713e7544168c50e09f46f8d092e9f333d1f03a3f0598f16c91b0dd10070825a", "meanings": [ "制度", "体制" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その企業は週５日労働制を実施した。", "zh": "那家企业实行了每周工作五天的制度。" }, { "ja": "新しい給与制度を導入した。", "zh": "引入了新的工资制度。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/534cb7e2f0", "JMdict ent_seq 1374620; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "制读せい可指制度；制する是另外的动词。", "review_hash": "f0e7facbc031dd425c3ed3fc367233b2ba45d4a6dab0f302c4d70d075b898ce5" } }, { "id": "757a20aae1", "word": "製", "reading": "せい", "romaji": "sei", "meanings": [ "-made", "make" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n-suf", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1380580, "examples": [ { "ja": "これらの箱はプラスチック製です。", "en": "These boxes are made of plastic.", "tatoeba_id": 1065046 }, { "ja": "何社製のコンピューターをお使いですか。", "en": "What make of computer do you use?", "tatoeba_id": 187409 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "891b371dd33cff184a2e45a707497ee9782fdcf2c2b9d8f220dc0fd5b986687f", "meanings": [ "制造", "制" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これらの箱はプラスチック製です。", "zh": "这些箱子是塑料制的。" }, { "ja": "何社製のコンピューターをお使いですか。", "zh": "你使用的是哪家公司生产的电脑？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/757a20aae1", "JMdict ent_seq 1380580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3d12325e9fb54e06d78ff0f48a359b2c3017b614fd90aed88931220b2511dc46", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "ac9ee9e6da", "word": "生育", "reading": "せいいく", "romaji": "seiiku", "meanings": [ "growth", "development", "breeding" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1378800, "examples": [ { "ja": "雨の量が作物の生育に影響するのですか。", "furigana": "{雨|あめ}の{量|りょう}が{作物|さくもつ}の{生育|せいいく}に{影響|えいきょう}するのですか。", "en": "Does the amount of rain affect the growth of crops?", "tatoeba_id": 189563 }, { "ja": "今年のポマトの生育はおしなべて良好です。", "furigana": "{今年|ことし}のポマトの{生育|せいいく}はおしなべて{良好|りょうこう}です。", "en": "On the whole, the pomato plants are growing well this year.", "tatoeba_id": 76134 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "17c675cbd2f83278a8af7bcda6c393ad0ab3db19e2d2322bc55a46e6ce9073d4", "meanings": [ "生长", "发育" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "雨の量が作物の生育に影響するのですか。", "zh": "降雨量会影响作物生长吗？" }, { "ja": "今年のポマトの生育はおしなべて良好です。", "zh": "今年番茄马铃薯的生长总体良好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ac9ee9e6da", "JMdict ent_seq 1378800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f24ad05daaf8db7d668811159d53878d7eaf8d1561208dd18659a153b6b7f391", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f9a5606644", "word": "成果", "reading": "せいか", "romaji": "seika", "meanings": [ "results", "fruits" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1375650, "examples": [ { "ja": "努力したが何の成果も得られなかった。", "en": "My efforts produced no results.", "tatoeba_id": 124524 }, { "ja": "これは私たちの研究の成果です。", "furigana": "これは{私|わたし}たちの{研究|けんきゅう}の{成果|せいか}です。", "en": "This is the outcome of our research.", "tatoeba_id": 218326 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "21268fa0e20948eb97fb036c8f4cdbde5a1e768cad84d015cd7431209a7a2147", "meanings": [ "成果" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "努力したが何の成果も得られなかった。", "zh": "虽然努力了，却没有取得任何成果。" }, { "ja": "これは私たちの研究の成果です。", "zh": "这是我们研究的成果。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f9a5606644", "JMdict ent_seq 1375650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3e28e65c8364bc105822244331ae86baec3c7aaa2ca72ad92b6b9158b970ac49", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4b235d70bd", "word": "正解", "reading": "せいかい", "romaji": "seikai", "meanings": [ "correct", "right", "correct interpretation (answer, solution)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1376740, "examples": [ { "ja": "正解をまるで囲みなさい。", "en": "Please circle the right answer.", "tatoeba_id": 142977 }, { "ja": "正解に印をつけてください。", "furigana": "{正解|せいかい}に{印|しるし}をつけてください。", "en": "Please check the correct answer.", "tatoeba_id": 142978 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "36f261cdf01ec3f19947f559c37cfd681d01f781dc51feb9c54badc65d9cba17", "meanings": [ "正确答案" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "正解をまるで囲みなさい。", "zh": "请把正确答案圈起来。" }, { "ja": "正解に印をつけてください。", "zh": "请在正确答案上做记号。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4b235d70bd", "JMdict ent_seq 1376740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "e7766b2c5c48ccfa24809c1091a0cde4c128777d5e2b2570ca9bc99ef3456715", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "115b63e0d0", "word": "正規", "reading": "せいき", "romaji": "seiki", "meanings": [ "regular", "legal", "formal", "established", "legitimate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1376850, "examples": [ { "ja": "正規の手続きを経て申し込んだ。", "en": "I applied through the proper procedure." }, { "ja": "彼は正規の職員です。", "en": "He is a regular employee." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "dcd833ff95ece614cfc6166ba1e3b84df72e52769f09fa15ced9a0099e069c2b", "meanings": [ "正规", "正式" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "正規の手続きを経て申し込んだ。", "zh": "我通过正规程序申请了。" }, { "ja": "彼は正規の職員です。", "zh": "他是正式职员。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/115b63e0d0", "JMdict ent_seq 1376850; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "aae53794e72f1ba5570a244ae7ca5d9e3c2b2503b2d59eaed5fd22b8f90943e5" } }, { "id": "9b4e449cc9", "word": "正義", "reading": "せいぎ", "romaji": "seigi", "meanings": [ "justice", "right", "righteousness", "correct meaning" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1376910, "examples": [ { "ja": "最後には正義は勝つものだ。", "furigana": "{最後|さいご}には{正義|せいぎ}は{勝|か}つものだ。", "en": "Justice will prevail in the end.", "tatoeba_id": 170577 }, { "ja": "第一に、それは正義の問題である。", "furigana": "{第一|だいいち}に、それは{正義|せいぎ}の{問題|もんだい}である。", "en": "Firstly, it is a matter of justice.", "tatoeba_id": 137206 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "da08de4504e3e82ec9d660702a70b1999199d5888550f8b154ceff3b8342da42", "meanings": [ "正义" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "最後には正義は勝つものだ。", "zh": "正义最终会获胜。" }, { "ja": "第一に、それは正義の問題である。", "zh": "首先，这是个正义问题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9b4e449cc9", "JMdict ent_seq 1376910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "129a874bb9e693753931643fe242999c594bc9220a99fdabf15d9722ed3b5331", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e0a7a58f49", "word": "生計", "reading": "せいけい", "romaji": "seikei", "meanings": [ "livelihood", "living" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1378920, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は教師をして生計を立てている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{教師|きょうし}をして{生計|せいけい}を{立|た}てている。", "en": "He earns his living by teaching.", "tatoeba_id": 108324 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "209078ce6188605f39e74b3f123847a3f5781a45bae558878559a6b3605d6a78", "meanings": [ "生计", "生活" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は教師をして生計を立てている。", "zh": "他靠当教师维持生计。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e0a7a58f49", "JMdict ent_seq 1378920; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "633394bfc3e4b9f123cc60f3bb5b25786808c61afdf6caa98a81fe632b60cc85" } }, { "id": "7c2d1e9d1c", "word": "政権", "reading": "せいけん", "romaji": "seiken", "meanings": [ "administration", "political power" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1375930, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の政権はきっと崩壊する。", "en": "His regime is bound to collapse.", "tatoeba_id": 116720 }, { "ja": "選挙の結果その党は政権の一角を占めた。", "furigana": "{選挙|せんきょ}の{結果|けっか}その{党|とう}は{政権|せいけん}の{一角|いっかく}を{占|し}めた。", "en": "The election gave the party a role in the government.", "tatoeba_id": 141042 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1a0141076d0c42f854781395fb1ce0bd027eb03692731578f46a77f4e0d407a4", "meanings": [ "政权" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の政権はきっと崩壊する。", "zh": "他的政权一定会垮台。" }, { "ja": "選挙の結果その党は政権の一角を占めた。", "zh": "选举结果使那个政党成为执政力量的一部分。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7c2d1e9d1c", "JMdict ent_seq 1375930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d040b86b39f73f9d14cc622f10b6bd4c8fa5c9c2c5985ea3916580de0bf3673a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "20c69c9076", "word": "精巧", "reading": "せいこう", "romaji": "seikou", "meanings": [ "elaborate", "delicate", "exquisite" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1379900, "examples": [ { "ja": "その機械は精巧に出来ているので、すぐ壊れる。", "furigana": "その{機械|きかい}は{精巧|せいこう}に{出来|でき}ているので、すぐ{壊|こわ}れる。", "en": "The machine is so delicate that it easily breaks.", "tatoeba_id": 211536 }, { "ja": "彼はその恐竜の精巧な縮小模型をじっと見つめた。", "en": "He stared at the faithful miniature of the dinosaur.", "tatoeba_id": 112990 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ce076394f5cede3520d03b980247d64454925016ff5d054134db06f93ddc8bcd", "meanings": [ "精巧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その機械は精巧に出来ているので、すぐ壊れる。", "zh": "那个机器做得很精巧，所以容易坏。" }, { "ja": "彼はその恐竜の精巧な縮小模型をじっと見つめた。", "zh": "他凝视着那个精巧的恐龙缩小模型。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/20c69c9076", "JMdict ent_seq 1379900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "54a2666f069e6a030b8db945ef61b612c9360cdfd30cd095c36b34aa18412d1d", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a2b132d4cd", "word": "星座", "reading": "せいざ", "romaji": "seiza", "meanings": [ "constellation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1376360, "examples": [ { "ja": "古代の天文学者は、星座を見つけ、名前をつけた。", "en": "Ancient astronomers noticed constellations and gave them names.", "tatoeba_id": 174593 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3d3870a6ae347e0d0dfdc44041dc4b0916c7c7900ac2180d9f05de66e1592e13", "meanings": [ "星座" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "古代の天文学者は、星座を見つけ、名前をつけた。", "zh": "古代天文学家发现星座并为其命名。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a2b132d4cd", "JMdict ent_seq 1376360; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7e14e4b3a8a1cef5d21a8dcc380d4dd2a4011d4f3f43d37960304bdba82198fd" } }, { "id": "c99eb11ad1", "word": "制裁", "reading": "せいさい", "romaji": "seisai", "meanings": [ "restraint", "sanctions", "punishment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1374800, "examples": [ { "ja": "国連は制裁を加えるために動き出しました。", "furigana": "{国連|こくれん}は{制裁|せいさい}を{加|くわ}えるために{動|うご}き{出|だ}しました。", "en": "The U. N. moved to impose sanctions.", "tatoeba_id": 173005 }, { "ja": "組合に制裁を加えることは妥当ではない。", "furigana": "{組合|くみあい}に{制裁|せいさい}を{加|くわ}えることは{妥当|だとう}ではない。", "en": "It is improper to impose sanctions upon the union.", "tatoeba_id": 140617 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "a16494e235744cfb475f12e5ca2c2147395ce9b45040d457a4a98eead5ee4c0f", "meanings": [ "制裁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "国連は制裁を加えるために動き出しました。", "zh": "联合国开始采取制裁行动。" }, { "ja": "組合に制裁を加えることは妥当ではない。", "zh": "对工会实施制裁并不妥当。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c99eb11ad1", "JMdict ent_seq 1374800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f815f9698f20c8686779ce6729fc9a0ee004fcd94b273abcafd8662d5c220a76", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f423d4f4d1", "word": "政策", "reading": "せいさく", "romaji": "seisaku", "meanings": [ "political measures", "policy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1375950, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は新しい政策を決定していた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{新|あたら}しい{政策|せいさく}を{決定|けってい}していた。", "en": "He had decided on a new policy.", "tatoeba_id": 103784 }, { "ja": "彼は演説で政府の政策を攻撃した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{演説|えんぜつ}で{政府|せいふ}の{政策|せいさく}を{攻撃|こうげき}した。", "en": "He attacked the government's policy in his speech.", "tatoeba_id": 109581 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "b77788a792e6a71eb0ca1037bc6c086dabdbeae2e4641dc41b0ccc239d95dc56", "meanings": [ "政策" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は新しい政策を決定していた。", "zh": "他决定了新政策。" }, { "ja": "彼は演説で政府の政策を攻撃した。", "zh": "他在演讲中抨击了政府政策。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f423d4f4d1", "JMdict ent_seq 1375950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b747e2293fe12bf755f4c13e23fbe43bf1469d54d4eac2fba91e0c666a381f7b", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "49ec60e121", "word": "清算", "reading": "せいさん", "romaji": "seisan", "meanings": [ "liquidation", "settlement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1378210, "examples": [ { "ja": "清算をお願いします。", "furigana": "{清算|せいさん}をお{願|ねが}いします。", "en": "Check, please.", "tatoeba_id": 142862 }, { "ja": "チェックアウトのときにまとめて清算してください。", "furigana": "チェックアウトのときにまとめて{清算|せいさん}してください。", "en": "Put everything on my tab. I'll settle it when I check out.", "tatoeba_id": 203010 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2de5d50ad91ab5a3b1e49a329200c937872fbf870d77cacd80aefe8bcc5d9c1d", "meanings": [ "清算", "结账" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "清算をお願いします。", "zh": "请结账。" }, { "ja": "チェックアウトのときにまとめて清算してください。", "zh": "退房时请一起结账。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/49ec60e121", "JMdict ent_seq 1378210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "3bd6f81c6bb77f3ccf5bff19a118e9fe76b543f1b3d7cc3a5d53fe85712e30ac", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "4ddbf879b9", "word": "生死", "reading": "せいし", "romaji": "seishi", "meanings": [ "life and death" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1379060, "examples": [ { "ja": "その戦いは生死を賭けた戦いのようであった。", "furigana": "その{戦|たたか}いは{生死|せいし}を{賭|か}けた{戦|たたか}いのようであった。", "en": "That fight seemed like a life-or-death struggle.", "tatoeba_id": 208485 }, { "ja": "それはいわば生死の問題だ。", "furigana": "それはいわば{生死|せいし}の{問題|もんだい}だ。", "en": "It is, as it were, a life and death problem.", "tatoeba_id": 205535 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "3df37f9faa3a0dfb83ae6837bca8c4049971d8bcb2c720d27dd53193185ef72e", "meanings": [ "生死" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その戦いは生死を賭けた戦いのようであった。", "zh": "那场战斗好像是一场生死之战。" }, { "ja": "それはいわば生死の問題だ。", "zh": "那可以说是生死问题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4ddbf879b9", "JMdict ent_seq 1379060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "f0e6ae47de18ff60149e35a40fdc044c4886326e884f5a06daa4f5f36bd14afc", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3478d73bed", "word": "静止", "reading": "せいし", "romaji": "seishi", "meanings": [ "stillness", "repose", "standing still" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1381870, "examples": [ { "ja": "車は信号の前で静止した。", "en": "The car came to a stop before the traffic light." }, { "ja": "画像を静止させた。", "en": "I froze the image." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fb9412ecafd27690d771ed1bcdffd41aab0e6e96dbd45a8975cfc2ff98210556", "meanings": [ "静止", "停止" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "車は信号の前で静止した。", "zh": "车在信号灯前停住了。" }, { "ja": "画像を静止させた。", "zh": "我把画面定格了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3478d73bed", "JMdict ent_seq 1381870; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f6da1504d16cada4ff0dfb1a3f6098777a01588c029a80ed0a1d06db12532839" } }, { "id": "4e718e1c73", "word": "誠実", "reading": "せいじつ", "romaji": "seijitsu", "meanings": [ "sincere", "honest", "faithful" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1381180, "examples": [ { "ja": "ナンシーには誠実さが欠けているようだ。", "en": "Nancy seems to lack sincerity.", "tatoeba_id": 199011 }, { "ja": "彼女が誠実だなんてとんでもない。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}が{誠実|せいじつ}だなんてとんでもない。", "en": "She is by no means honest.", "tatoeba_id": 95318 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "c6887a2b5c1e969b471e049e8b5cfed065a844d2435c2158b51a31e809652e8b", "meanings": [ "诚实", "真诚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ナンシーには誠実さが欠けているようだ。", "zh": "南希似乎缺乏诚实。" }, { "ja": "彼女が誠実だなんてとんでもない。", "zh": "说她真诚，简直荒唐。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4e718e1c73", "JMdict ent_seq 1381180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ae0142d0f194d25c9ba1e9fe950c2c5f395301af164877691e0e5f1d432b9660", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "57e3dad789", "word": "成熟", "reading": "せいじゅく", "romaji": "seijuku", "meanings": [ "maturity", "ripeness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1375730, "examples": [ { "ja": "進んで責任を取るということは成熟の印である。", "furigana": "{進|すす}んで{責任|せきにん}を{取|と}るということは{成熟|せいじゅく}の{印|しるし}である。", "en": "Willingness to take responsibility is a sign of maturity.", "tatoeba_id": 144718 }, { "ja": "このオレンジはすぐに成熟します。", "furigana": "このオレンジはすぐに{成熟|せいじゅく}します。", "en": "These oranges mature fast.", "tatoeba_id": 223960 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1000f05b77b61a14c216f0360304ea99ae2268cfb2a098086b229b30eda28282", "meanings": [ "成熟" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "進んで責任を取るということは成熟の印である。", "zh": "愿意承担责任是成熟的标志。" }, { "ja": "このオレンジはすぐに成熟します。", "zh": "这个橙子很快就会成熟。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/57e3dad789", "JMdict ent_seq 1375730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "ca711b85d0a977c0ae1592755c3d8588099b9c5c0f89d1c380dca15ef644c9d5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "36b8c3f521", "word": "青春", "reading": "せいしゅん", "romaji": "seishun", "meanings": [ "youth", "springtime of life", "adolescent" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1381550, "examples": [ { "ja": "僕らは青春の真っ只中だ。", "en": "We are in the heyday of youth.", "tatoeba_id": 81705 }, { "ja": "一生のうちで青春なんて一度しかない。", "furigana": "{一生|いっしょう}のうちで{青春|せいしゅん}なんて{一度|いちど}しかない。", "en": "Youth comes but once in life.", "tatoeba_id": 190430 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "8817d5fb67312a6f368272ac89ee32f1e44bc61863f5ace5b1a3e8164c6528ee", "meanings": [ "青春" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "僕らは青春の真っ只中だ。", "zh": "我们正处于青春的正中间。" }, { "ja": "一生のうちで青春なんて一度しかない。", "zh": "一生中青春只有一次。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/36b8c3f521", "JMdict ent_seq 1381550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "81b4f13d0262c23e82af6cb0ba089dc52327a8a4e468d71702a25e418177dcfa", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "44498bcb07", "word": "清純", "reading": "せいじゅん", "romaji": "seijun", "meanings": [ "purity", "innocence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1378230, "examples": [ { "ja": "写真が暴露された後で女優の清純なイメージが汚された。", "en": "After the pictures were revealed, the actress' clean image was tainted.", "tatoeba_id": 412017 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "202011aa1ed30d4c9f1676cedb566a46b8d540c6a77870d141f22a0597f890dc", "meanings": [ "清纯", "纯洁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "写真が暴露された後で女優の清純なイメージが汚された。", "zh": "照片曝光后，女演员的清纯形象受损了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/44498bcb07", "JMdict ent_seq 1378230; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0a221849df36c04d3ea46978ec7acfffa2683d014bdab0ea23d32aa80082a74a" } }, { "id": "76dfc8fd35", "word": "聖書", "reading": "せいしょ", "romaji": "seisho", "meanings": [ "Bible", "scriptures" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1380340, "examples": [ { "ja": "君は聖書に手をのせて誓うべきだ。", "furigana": "{君|きみ}は{聖書|せいしょ}に{手|て}をのせて{誓|ちか}うべきだ。", "en": "You should swear on the Bible.", "tatoeba_id": 177103 }, { "ja": "彼女はよく聖書から引用したものだ。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はよく{聖書|せいしょ}から{引用|いんよう}したものだ。", "en": "She would cite from the Bible.", "tatoeba_id": 91311 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "7146ef6b0f85d824d8df89bde769f5e8f179faa0604b4b9ba8a669e49fa36665", "meanings": [ "圣经" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "君は聖書に手をのせて誓うべきだ。", "zh": "你应该把手放在圣经上宣誓。" }, { "ja": "彼女はよく聖書から引用したものだ。", "zh": "她过去常常引用圣经。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/76dfc8fd35", "JMdict ent_seq 1380340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "677a98397ed1c8f46a3e6e2b80ce58aea176305d4b66bcf1038fa76d5269bf65", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "129bdb801c", "word": "正常", "reading": "せいじょう", "romaji": "seijou", "meanings": [ "normalcy", "normality", "normal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1377390, "examples": [ { "ja": "赤ん坊は正常な発育を示した。", "en": "The baby showed a normal development.", "tatoeba_id": 142173 }, { "ja": "政府は事態を正常に戻す努力をしている。", "en": "The government is trying to bring things back to normal.", "tatoeba_id": 143090 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "46623d64ff96b6aa5563cb1b79cd035639a3e22fd2fac8117451f8fa385f11df", "meanings": [ "正常" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "赤ん坊は正常な発育を示した。", "zh": "婴儿表现出正常的发育。" }, { "ja": "政府は事態を正常に戻す努力をしている。", "zh": "政府正在努力使事态恢复正常。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/129bdb801c", "JMdict ent_seq 1377390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "cb2c52293b34ef56ef61e85fb5e045b1b0c9c166314e195a90d7d10ebaca7516", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "28e2537426", "word": "制する", "reading": "せいする", "romaji": "seisuru", "meanings": [ "to control", "to command", "to get the better of" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vs-s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1374630, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは国会で過半数を制した。", "en": "They commanded a majority in the Diet.", "tatoeba_id": 97151 }, { "ja": "彼は理性で情欲を制することが出来る。", "en": "He is able to subordinate passion to reason.", "tatoeba_id": 99076 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "2daa3b7ef077046305fdb398425314c8e00ca39fb0b2826bc233c0183c5f94b1", "meanings": [ "控制", "制止" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは国会で過半数を制した。", "zh": "他们在国会取得了多数席位。" }, { "ja": "彼は理性で情欲を制することが出来る。", "zh": "他能用理智控制情欲。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/28e2537426", "JMdict ent_seq 1374630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "708025898f167e816f68a7b254f757c61203f8cfe778128826f2644d605b8111", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d35a033fc4", "word": "整然", "reading": "せいぜん", "romaji": "seizen", "meanings": [ "orderly", "regular", "well-organized", "trim", "accurate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-t", "adv-to" ], "jmdict_id": 1376200, "examples": [ { "ja": "その別荘は清潔で整然としていた。", "en": "The cottage was clean and tidy.", "tatoeba_id": 206835 }, { "ja": "彼らはいすを集めて整然と列に並べた。", "en": "They assembled the chairs in neat rows.", "tatoeba_id": 98208 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "1314cbfcbc54f9c5d4bb32686eb4e058e5e434af6a23dc11294c3935d360dc3e", "meanings": [ "整齐", "有条理" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その別荘は清潔で整然としていた。", "zh": "那座别墅干净整洁。" }, { "ja": "彼らはいすを集めて整然と列に並べた。", "zh": "他们把椅子收集起来，整齐地排列成行。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d35a033fc4", "JMdict ent_seq 1376200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "126ac557a164db7f2a02e08d0b09e806ce430611b8b86d4b251750aae4e3e607", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "d12b4a5275", "word": "盛装", "reading": "せいそう", "romaji": "seisou", "meanings": [ "be dressed up", "wear rich clothes" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1379810, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は盛装してパーティーに出かけて行った。", "en": "She dressed up and left for the party.", "tatoeba_id": 88341 }, { "ja": "盛装なさる必要はありません。", "furigana": "{盛装|せいそう}なさる{必要|ひつよう}はありません。", "en": "You don't have to dress up.", "tatoeba_id": 142672 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "bfb0266d7e51311c46295879854c1b728d666c527bb8d37aeb9e5aae4636af30", "meanings": [ "盛装" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は盛装してパーティーに出かけて行った。", "zh": "她盛装出席了聚会。" }, { "ja": "盛装なさる必要はありません。", "zh": "您不必盛装。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d12b4a5275", "JMdict ent_seq 1379810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "0b9b3d0905ca5c7f9d8711d7e7bdfe6f1122eb118419485721bfcec55eac5182", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "cc53a14609", "word": "盛大", "reading": "せいだい", "romaji": "seidai", "meanings": [ "grand", "prosperous", "magnificent" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1379820, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼を空港で盛大に見送った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}を{空港|くうこう}で{盛大|せいだい}に{見送|みおく}った。", "en": "We gave him a royal send-off at the airport.", "tatoeba_id": 95910 }, { "ja": "結婚式の後で盛大な披露宴が催された。", "en": "There was a big reception after the wedding.", "tatoeba_id": 175737 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ca8f4e02674e387e6472dfecf17d920e431171ca365a4a39c48443024534d56a", "meanings": [ "盛大" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼を空港で盛大に見送った。", "zh": "我们在机场隆重地为他送行。" }, { "ja": "結婚式の後で盛大な披露宴が催された。", "zh": "婚礼后举行了盛大的招待宴。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cc53a14609", "JMdict ent_seq 1379820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "b004ef79279871b7d26c3ac43e9e5a137af76eb798c2ee6a454f2ef8c3ccd719", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "a3ccbcbc24", "word": "清濁", "reading": "せいだく", "romaji": "seidaku", "meanings": [ "good and evil", "purity and impurity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1378350, "examples": [ { "ja": "清濁あわせのむ。", "en": "Accept both good and bad.", "tatoeba_id": 412020 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9a8ae2a9e791dbb8d32e720e6fa8d2354622b61cc5206d05761895b125a95488", "meanings": [ "清浊", "善恶" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "清濁あわせのむ。", "zh": "兼容清浊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a3ccbcbc24", "JMdict ent_seq 1378350; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "清濁併せ呑む比喻心胸宽广，能包容好坏不同的人或事。", "review_hash": "9d138a170dc093fe5dad19cb08c83bed280361a27bf4a905884647a8110f835f" } }, { "id": "7aec647ab2", "word": "制定", "reading": "せいてい", "romaji": "seitei", "meanings": [ "enactment", "establishment", "creation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1374870, "examples": [ { "ja": "その法律は明治時代に制定された。", "furigana": "その{法律|ほうりつ}は{明治時代|めいじじだい}に{制定|せいてい}された。", "en": "The law was enacted in the Meiji era.", "tatoeba_id": 206742 }, { "ja": "この法律は１９１８年に制定された。", "furigana": "この{法律|ほうりつ}は１９１８{年|ねん}に{制定|せいてい}された。", "en": "This law came into existence in 1918.", "tatoeba_id": 219823 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "e4d03869995517d213c35417ac0806201997e56e0631e428c8bea71a4d746b15", "meanings": [ "制定" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その法律は明治時代に制定された。", "zh": "那项法律是在明治时代制定的。" }, { "ja": "この法律は１９１８年に制定された。", "zh": "这项法律于1918年制定。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7aec647ab2", "JMdict ent_seq 1374870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "eff516c6a7ee5e3e64edf4aed6128fb3e9e207955be7f38f72bcde6d38056ba5", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "f922826791", "word": "静的", "reading": "せいてき", "romaji": "seiteki", "meanings": [ "static" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1381940, "examples": [ { "ja": "静的な画像を表示した。", "en": "I displayed a static image." }, { "ja": "静的な状態と動的な状態を比較した。", "en": "I compared static and dynamic states." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "72e7e2f195bff33f0f4fb5cbb46c16d6dcc73e4bbeabee3d924f01d160fd1a1c", "meanings": [ "静态", "静止的" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "静的な画像を表示した。", "zh": "我显示了一张静态图片。" }, { "ja": "静的な状態と動的な状態を比較した。", "zh": "我比较了静态和动态状态。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f922826791", "JMdict ent_seq 1381940; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "514ad730dc04f30de3fb12c7bdb9618a3bec3dae679ec07c39269f0881b56db7" } }, { "id": "ba345bb807", "word": "製鉄", "reading": "せいてつ", "romaji": "seitetsu", "meanings": [ "iron manufacture" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1380720, "examples": [ { "ja": "その製鉄工場を建てるのは非常に大変な事業だった。", "en": "Building the steel factory was a great enterprise.", "tatoeba_id": 208639 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "132ce4bc9e6f37dcc54738caa961ddc827955cf7fb0e0a7e3b7d00c89d96d542", "meanings": [ "炼铁", "制铁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その製鉄工場を建てるのは非常に大変な事業だった。", "zh": "建设那座炼铁厂是一项非常艰巨的事业。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ba345bb807", "JMdict ent_seq 1380720; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b950affef04591c8cc659e74c07faaf7734afe255564cdbb8b6a9653bb90030c" } }, { "id": "048029554e", "word": "晴天", "reading": "せいてん", "romaji": "seiten", "meanings": [ "fine weather" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1376550, "examples": [ { "ja": "雨天の後には晴天が来る。", "furigana": "{雨天|うてん}の{後|あと}には{晴天|せいてん}が{来|く}る。", "en": "After rain comes fair weather.", "tatoeba_id": 189518 }, { "ja": "この晴天が週末まで続くことを望む。", "furigana": "この{晴天|せいてん}が{週末|しゅうまつ}まで{続|つづ}くことを{望|のぞ}む。", "en": "I hope this fine weather lasts till the weekend.", "tatoeba_id": 220918 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f5215f4b68125e04d8f6f0ba62ee5bf38170266784737cd1fef861f6dcce8b83", "meanings": [ "晴天" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "雨天の後には晴天が来る。", "zh": "雨过天晴。" }, { "ja": "この晴天が週末まで続くことを望む。", "zh": "希望这晴天持续到周末。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/048029554e", "JMdict ent_seq 1376550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "30d42526463a4ef0604a7e81404acee058995840eabc24f39b52a12de562e41a", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "94171ec6a4", "word": "正当", "reading": "せいとう", "romaji": "seitou", "meanings": [ "just", "justifiable", "right", "due", "proper", "equitable", "reasonable", "legitimate", "lawful" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1377660, "examples": [ { "ja": "先生は彼女に正当な取り扱いをしなかった。", "en": "The teacher didn't do her justice.", "tatoeba_id": 141505 }, { "ja": "私はよい音楽を正当に評価する。", "en": "I appreciate good music.", "tatoeba_id": 158676 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "f542077c794e67c5b85fdf0ba2d6cf9edaf76a4707dd2bad36001d5e38d9a309", "meanings": [ "正当", "合理" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "先生は彼女に正当な取り扱いをしなかった。", "zh": "老师没有公平地对待她。" }, { "ja": "私はよい音楽を正当に評価する。", "zh": "我能正确欣赏好音乐。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/94171ec6a4", "JMdict ent_seq 1377660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "d041d84c06310f838ad7d421981260f2e3c67b217866d9f01d253434d26ea817", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "e2de8e9146", "word": "成年", "reading": "せいねん", "romaji": "seinen", "meanings": [ "majority", "adult age" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1375830, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの娘さんはいつ成年に達したのですか。", "en": "When did your daughter come of age?", "tatoeba_id": 233002 }, { "ja": "私たちは成年に達すると選挙権を手にする。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちは{成年|せいねん}に{達|たっ}すると{選挙権|せんきょけん}を{手|て}にする。", "en": "We have the right to vote when we come of age.", "tatoeba_id": 165567 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "53142e62ca2ef3f6111f8e679bac0ddf6840a37c3ee5d38c2d066fec00f22fdc", "meanings": [ "成年" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの娘さんはいつ成年に達したのですか。", "zh": "您的女儿什么时候成年的？" }, { "ja": "私たちは成年に達すると選挙権を手にする。", "zh": "我们成年后就获得选举权。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e2de8e9146", "JMdict ent_seq 1375830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "117b40fd79e173df23e2f898f5d16863e8dfae65f7d535732fc3ced8ef206b7f", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "3f6acc49f6", "word": "制服", "reading": "せいふく", "romaji": "seifuku", "meanings": [ "uniform" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1374940, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちの学校では制服を着る。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちの{学校|がっこう}では{制服|せいふく}を{着|き}る。", "en": "We wear uniforms at our school.", "tatoeba_id": 167047 }, { "ja": "彼らはその学校の制服を廃止した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはその{学校|がっこう}の{制服|せいふく}を{廃止|はいし}した。", "en": "They have done away with uniforms at that school.", "tatoeba_id": 97974 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "90e39f3f5454ba97cb595fdd12a51ad644d1ef5a075dcf3b856d7a34328b2b8c", "meanings": [ "制服" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちの学校では制服を着る。", "zh": "我们学校穿制服。" }, { "ja": "彼らはその学校の制服を廃止した。", "zh": "他们废除了那所学校的制服。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3f6acc49f6", "JMdict ent_seq 1374940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "9ecd2caf2280f95b725087246fc6fb656b3875b23bdcd2493469b534cf9c5401", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "1e58b7331c", "word": "征服", "reading": "せいふく", "romaji": "seifuku", "meanings": [ "conquest", "subjugation", "overcoming" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1375230, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はエベレストを征服した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はエベレストを{征服|せいふく}した。", "en": "He conquered Mt. Everest.", "tatoeba_id": 114285 }, { "ja": "ノルマン人は１０６６年にイングランドを征服した。", "furigana": "ノルマン{人|じん}は１０６６{年|ねん}にイングランドを{征服|せいふく}した。", "en": "The Normans conquered England in 1066.", "tatoeba_id": 198549 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "64fe784b4e5bbba759cd8cd92e94bac02e1a05f0a752f7774d8004a34aa4c19d", "meanings": [ "征服" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はエベレストを征服した。", "zh": "他征服了珠穆朗玛峰。" }, { "ja": "ノルマン人は１０６６年にイングランドを征服した。", "zh": "诺曼人于1066年征服了英格兰。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1e58b7331c", "JMdict ent_seq 1375230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "59d98a61b0963daeba5fb2d843a33997afc6a92c783a3c4265e05267e7b7c531", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "6baf342ae6", "word": "製法", "reading": "せいほう", "romaji": "seihou", "meanings": [ "manufacturing method", "recipe", "formula" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1380810, "examples": [ { "ja": "チーズの製法を教えてください。", "furigana": "チーズの{製法|せいほう}を{教|おし}えてください。", "en": "Would you teach me how to make cheese?", "tatoeba_id": 203043 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8fa3605f02d8cb342260a737ba2cd2b142e8ad58fc139dfd0cd67820427e5ccb", "meanings": [ "制造方法", "做法" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "チーズの製法を教えてください。", "zh": "请教我制作奶酪的方法。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6baf342ae6", "JMdict ent_seq 1380810; local JMdict_e.gz", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "deb41b4b822ac115b6ed6bddb72789e719b23799771021191812ae9707bc9086" } }, { "id": "2609d258b1", "word": "精密", "reading": "せいみつ", "romaji": "seimitsu", "meanings": [ "precise", "exact", "detailed", "minute", "close" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1380190, "examples": [ { "ja": "精密検査をしましょう。", "en": "I'd like you to have a thorough examination.", "tatoeba_id": 142660 }, { "ja": "なぜならば、精密に検査しても何か欠点が現れないほど美しいものは存在しないからである。", "en": "This is because there is nothing so beautiful that, even on close inspection, no defects will be found.", "tatoeba_id": 199235 } ], "zh": { "source_hash": "ae5d36b94d13fe0c537fb8e2965995469c3f5e28570f531e0d1475de54d88452", "meanings": [ "精密", "精确" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "精密検査をしましょう。", "zh": "做一次精密检查吧。" }, { "ja": "なぜならば、精密に検査しても何か欠点が現れないほど美しいものは存在しないからである。", "zh": "因为不存在美得在精密检查后仍找不到任何瑕疵的东西。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2609d258b1", "JMdict ent_seq 1380190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "review_hash": "1847d3cf2afff31854283e5af512f297d01eebc534cada45872b47305500a577", "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28" } }, { "id": "44daa3efae", "word": "税務署", "reading": "ぜいむしょ", "romaji": "zeimusho", "meanings": [ "tax office" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1382190, "examples": [ { "ja": "税務署は控除を認めた。", "furigana": "{税務署|ぜいむしょ}は{控除|こうじょ}を{認|みと}めた。", "en": "The tax agent allowed the deduction.", "tatoeba_id": 142475 }, { "ja": "税務署は所得税の脱税に目をひからせています。", "en": "Tax officials are zeroing in on income tax evasion.", "tatoeba_id": 142474 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f865ae63778bd61572793351e34db3071deb9c6d8f21a02b1d121031e6b4d96b", "meanings": [ "税务署" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "税務署は控除を認めた。", "zh": "税务署批准了扣除。" }, { "ja": "税務署は所得税の脱税に目をひからせています。", "zh": "税务署正密切关注所得税逃税。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/44daa3efae", "JMdict ent_seq 1382190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1012433f7a5a4bece3f049759425d58482386d98c1f059037e77d49761866e24" } }, { "id": "0ebede63ff", "word": "姓名", "reading": "せいめい", "romaji": "seimei", "meanings": [ "full name" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1375210, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの姓名を教えてください。", "en": "Please tell me your full name.", "tatoeba_id": 13714051 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b8fc995f6a119c04fc084ef95bc85d7da56306ff0fc881471661a98b6ee1406b", "meanings": [ "姓名" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの姓名を教えてください。", "zh": "请告诉我你的姓名。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0ebede63ff", "JMdict ent_seq 1375210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c0b6d1dadd33012ca9bf4649b3866371bdb8c1edff19a5a9ff679b264b1606a0" } }, { "id": "265c8a1e27", "word": "声明", "reading": "せいめい", "romaji": "seimei", "meanings": [ "declaration", "statement", "proclamation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1380540, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の声明は疑いの余地がない。", "en": "His statement admits of no doubt.", "tatoeba_id": 116677 }, { "ja": "その声明には真実のかけらもなかった。", "furigana": "その{声明|せいめい}には{真実|しんじつ}のかけらもなかった。", "en": "There wasn't a scrap of truth in the statement.", "tatoeba_id": 208643 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b882b3c327a4988cc9ca21b768a864a184bc4c3bae616d8bd7e69814ec4a3a71", "meanings": [ "声明" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の声明は疑いの余地がない。", "zh": "他的声明毋庸置疑。" }, { "ja": "その声明には真実のかけらもなかった。", "zh": "那份声明没有一丝真实性。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/265c8a1e27", "JMdict ent_seq 1380540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "10b98d738a8b7348d3e8f9b37d1c8264fbcdf98eeef4d2fc10388a0b05f42c9a" } }, { "id": "fefc750558", "word": "制約", "reading": "せいやく", "romaji": "seiyaku", "meanings": [ "limitation", "restriction", "condition", "constraints" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1374970, "examples": [ { "ja": "合衆国には小火器の販売に関する法律上の制約はほとんどない。", "en": "There are few legal constraints on the sale of firearms in the U.S.", "tatoeba_id": 173152 }, { "ja": "彼はこの新しい法律によって自由が制約を受けると感じている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はこの{新|あたら}しい{法律|ほうりつ}によって{自由|じゆう}が{制約|せいやく}を{受|う}けると{感|かん}じている。", "en": "He feels this new law will restrict his freedom.", "tatoeba_id": 113751 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0665eb3964d616f1f8f98c29c3986bb5782d93ef5c53b752c5c0e0bbb75609c8", "meanings": [ "限制", "约束" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "合衆国には小火器の販売に関する法律上の制約はほとんどない。", "zh": "美国对小型枪支的销售几乎没有法律限制。" }, { "ja": "彼はこの新しい法律によって自由が制約を受けると感じている。", "zh": "他觉得这项新法律限制了自由。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fefc750558", "JMdict ent_seq 1374970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "17ce294978b2bcf2cb5a351786857ca60689ca49ade0428c81dcd4bdab888108" } }, { "id": "9d947bdc2b", "word": "生理", "reading": "せいり", "romaji": "seiri", "meanings": [ "physiology", "menses" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1379580, "examples": [ { "ja": "生理用ナプキンはどこにありますか。", "furigana": "{生理|せいり}{用|よう}ナプキンはどこにありますか。", "en": "Where are the sanitary napkins?", "tatoeba_id": 142674 }, { "ja": "生理は規則正しくあります。", "furigana": "{生理|せいり}は{規則正|きそくただ}しくあります。", "en": "My period is regular.", "tatoeba_id": 142678 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e2f4ea7740f0db74d3bef29dc2ed52735cdb937df9b47b5bc0239b4135547411", "meanings": [ "生理", "月经" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "生理用ナプキンはどこにありますか。", "zh": "卫生巾在哪里？" }, { "ja": "生理は規則正しくあります。", "zh": "月经很规律。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9d947bdc2b", "JMdict ent_seq 1379580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bde6353641ecab71b07d7a5d7209c0d0813759dc3299941a37dbd1e67090d69f" } }, { "id": "4831341731", "word": "勢力", "reading": "せいりょく", "romaji": "seiryoku", "meanings": [ "influence", "power", "might", "strength", "potency", "force", "energy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1375150, "examples": [ { "ja": "台風は勢力を弱め嵐に変わった。", "furigana": "{台風|たいふう}は{勢力|せいりょく}を{弱|よわ}め{嵐|あらし}に{変|か}わった。", "en": "The typhoon became weaker and changed into a storm.", "tatoeba_id": 137779 }, { "ja": "彼の勢力は国中に及んでいる。", "en": "His influence extends all over the country.", "tatoeba_id": 116766 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2d4da568a6cef48099a9294b65bd0cd328f06da8716473898ed6cda1bd10cec9", "meanings": [ "势力", "力量" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "台風は勢力を弱め嵐に変わった。", "zh": "台风减弱，变成了风暴。" }, { "ja": "彼の勢力は国中に及んでいる。", "zh": "他的势力遍及全国。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4831341731", "JMdict ent_seq 1375150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f04e7e8249c078b91233cd10b5cc9ff56112ca1a45c7f35f1f3eeb346be0e7d0" } }, { "id": "747fdb8e2c", "word": "整列", "reading": "せいれつ", "romaji": "seiretsu", "meanings": [ "stand in a row", "form a line" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1376300, "examples": [ { "ja": "軍隊は戦闘の配置で整列していた。", "furigana": "{軍隊|ぐんたい}は{戦闘|せんとう}の{配置|はいち}で{整列|せいれつ}していた。", "en": "The troops were in battle array.", "tatoeba_id": 176657 }, { "ja": "そのバス停で人々は整列して待っていたが、バスが止まるとすぐにその列は崩れた。", "furigana": "そのバス{停|てい}で{人々|ひとびと}は{整列|せいれつ}して{待|ま}っていたが、バスが{止|と}まるとすぐにその{列|れつ}は{崩|くず}れた。", "en": "At the bus stop, people waited in orderly lines, but as soon as the bus pulled up, the line broke up.", "tatoeba_id": 212728 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e08380b743d63edcc7fe70a1223b235ba71e2acd2d33f076803afa4e402bcd29", "meanings": [ "排列", "列队" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "軍隊は戦闘の配置で整列していた。", "zh": "军队按作战阵形列队。" }, { "ja": "そのバス停で人々は整列して待っていたが、バスが止まるとすぐにその列は崩れた。", "zh": "人们在公交站排队等候，但车一停下队伍就散了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/747fdb8e2c", "JMdict ent_seq 1376300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a1d11eeb909cfefc1d8aac9e01ec9e2ba30ad19be76d39a6ad42e3ff0ce5b770" } }, { "id": "5fe5d25c22", "word": "セール", "reading": "セール", "romaji": "seeru", "meanings": [ "sale" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1074330, "examples": [ { "ja": "夏物は今セール中です。", "en": "The summer goods are now on sale.", "tatoeba_id": 187153 }, { "ja": "いま閉店前のセールをやっているとこがありますか。", "furigana": "いま{閉店|へいてん}{前|まえ}のセールをやっているとこがありますか。", "en": "Are there any stores with \"going out of business\" sales?", "tatoeba_id": 228514 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "69449c3fcc4b23858058ea9c94a591448450e8b80b933ace5a37ce097f035911", "meanings": [ "打折销售" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "夏物は今セール中です。", "zh": "夏季商品正在打折。" }, { "ja": "いま閉店前のセールをやっているとこがありますか。", "zh": "现在有店铺在进行关门前大甩卖吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5fe5d25c22", "JMdict ent_seq 1074330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6ab7857212895166f4668dbdf18f64c0c7c7333818d20b8b62a31cb4f41c42d2" } }, { "id": "c6f82893d4", "word": "急かす", "reading": "せかす", "romaji": "sekasu", "meanings": [ "to hurry", "to urge on" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1228580, "examples": [ { "ja": "急かしたくはないけど、次のバスに乗ろう。", "en": "I don't want to rush you, but let's try to catch the next bus.", "tatoeba_id": 214053 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bcd9137cc0d78b325e3074b691eb6c86f1ab05107176305757935d5eaa3849be", "meanings": [ "催促" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "急かしたくはないけど、次のバスに乗ろう。", "zh": "我不想催你，不过我们赶下一班公交吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c6f82893d4", "JMdict ent_seq 1228580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5d465236299325dd8730083adb964fcfde72e5ba3d706b57ed52db2b6c16404c" } }, { "id": "02d1463696", "word": "伜", "reading": "せがれ", "romaji": "segare", "meanings": [ "son", "my son" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1585440, "examples": [ { "ja": "叔父の兄の倅が変なビジネスに手を染めて、家名を落とすことになった。", "en": "My uncle's brother's son got involved in a shady business and disgraced the family.", "tatoeba_id": 186892 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "737980d8a5f5ab8c921efb94efc5715df2c14067935b9475d8f5128674d70000", "meanings": [ "儿子" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "叔父の兄の倅が変なビジネスに手を染めて、家名を落とすことになった。", "zh": "叔父的哥哥的儿子沾上了见不得光的生意，败坏了家名。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/02d1463696", "JMdict ent_seq 1585440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "804ee0b7849e2d55f2771e828144ccd3ba6888e53141c6591cad67f31d936bcf", "notes": "自称儿子时可作谦称；用来称呼别人的儿子可能显得粗率。" } }, { "id": "7cb281dd9f", "word": "責務", "reading": "せきむ", "romaji": "sekimu", "meanings": [ "duty", "obligation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1383230, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はあなたが新しい責務をうまくこなせるよう願っています。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はあなたが{新|あたら}しい{責務|せきむ}をうまくこなせるよう{願|ねが}っています。", "en": "I wish you good luck with your new responsibilities.", "tatoeba_id": 161817 }, { "ja": "彼はついに責務を果たした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はついに{責務|せきむ}を{果|は}たした。", "en": "He performed duty at last.", "tatoeba_id": 111893 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ce9e09933f83f7d4e1bd5b683a04c37e1d65b1c370f2c1f206d640e07495914b", "meanings": [ "职责" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はあなたが新しい責務をうまくこなせるよう願っています。", "zh": "我希望你能胜任新的职责。" }, { "ja": "彼はついに責務を果たした。", "zh": "他终于履行了职责。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7cb281dd9f", "JMdict ent_seq 1383230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "899653a760f072791e50b2bfca00bfcfa419eb8b674efc77a8cc54025c0539be" } }, { "id": "1279de76d3", "word": "セクション", "reading": "セクション", "romaji": "sekushon", "meanings": [ "section" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1074490, "examples": [ { "ja": "報告書のこのセクションを読んでください。", "en": "Please read this section of the report." }, { "ja": "彼女は販売セクションを担当している。", "en": "She is in charge of the sales section." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a60c836fd868cf4b74b421f0acd3267945ed2f6dd67cc9b0d32461c52c529f90", "meanings": [ "部门", "部分" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "報告書のこのセクションを読んでください。", "zh": "请阅读报告的这一部分。" }, { "ja": "彼女は販売セクションを担当している。", "zh": "她负责销售部门。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1279de76d3", "JMdict ent_seq 1074490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5ed509b4a8eb7bc1e469266d9c3768363161f6af13946c89dd40c613b4392551" } }, { "id": "9d4204d1c1", "word": "世辞", "reading": "せじ", "romaji": "seji", "meanings": [ "flattery", "compliment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1374060, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はすぐにお世辞に乗りやすい。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はすぐにお{世辞|せじ}に{乗|の}りやすい。", "en": "She is readily accessible to flattery.", "tatoeba_id": 92749 }, { "ja": "その客室乗務員はお世辞が上手い。", "furigana": "その{客室乗務員|きゃくしつじょうむいん}はお{世辞|せじ}が{上手|うま}い。", "en": "The cabin attendant is good at flattery.", "tatoeba_id": 211461 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "738db657e33e71b9b204ccf442e5c5b9ae82eb4183fd523be0d9186c4eb4e05b", "meanings": [ "恭维", "奉承" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はすぐにお世辞に乗りやすい。", "zh": "她很容易被奉承话打动。" }, { "ja": "その客室乗務員はお世辞が上手い。", "zh": "那位乘务员很会说恭维话。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9d4204d1c1", "JMdict ent_seq 1374060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "94c01c62044e104fce1b518621febb3bdf062e9e54c47f2a3425ce3f3aa26214" } }, { "id": "39fb8eb64c", "word": "是正", "reading": "ぜせい", "romaji": "zesei", "meanings": [ "correction", "revision" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1374510, "examples": [ { "ja": "政府は制度の不公平を是正した。", "en": "The government corrected the unfairness in the system." }, { "ja": "誤りを早急に是正する必要がある。", "en": "The error must be corrected promptly." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "40cea5209fea8b5ea0b5a49749e6e91d76013e7b51bca5c2972e47477bad76d2", "meanings": [ "纠正", "改正" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "政府は制度の不公平を是正した。", "zh": "政府纠正了制度的不公平。" }, { "ja": "誤りを早急に是正する必要がある。", "zh": "必须尽快纠正错误。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/39fb8eb64c", "JMdict ent_seq 1374510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cd35dbf006d5fb4c3e7b642c0f2d6263554b7a35a44c404fe41a57118fb4bf5d" } }, { "id": "bec9e3995a", "word": "世帯", "reading": "せたい", "romaji": "setai", "meanings": [ "household" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1374170, "examples": [ { "ja": "火事で４世帯が焼死した。", "furigana": "{火事|かじ}で４{世帯|せたい}が{焼死|しょうし}した。", "en": "Four families were killed in the fire.", "tatoeba_id": 186700 }, { "ja": "その火事で７世帯が焼け出された。", "furigana": "その{火事|かじ}で７{世帯|せたい}が{焼|や}け{出|だ}された。", "en": "Seven families were burned out by the fire.", "tatoeba_id": 211953 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "47696d749a2de13f6fc6c4544728f0394ad70a12d2bf353f23f808e00b2f18f9", "meanings": [ "家庭", "住户" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "火事で４世帯が焼死した。", "zh": "四户人在火灾中丧生。" }, { "ja": "その火事で７世帯が焼け出された。", "zh": "那场火灾使七户人家无家可归。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bec9e3995a", "JMdict ent_seq 1374170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "24e545cafb172bc4d02b31f3f054de3d2f4a6cd9070ee0bfa050e466f0bed26e" } }, { "id": "c7bba044f2", "word": "世代", "reading": "せだい", "romaji": "sedai", "meanings": [ "generation", "the world", "the age" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1374190, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの人たちは同じ世代です。", "en": "Those men are of a generation.", "tatoeba_id": 230787 }, { "ja": "文化は世代から世代へと伝えられる。", "furigana": "{文化|ぶんか}は{世代|せだい}から{世代|せだい}へと{伝|つた}えられる。", "en": "Culture is handed down from generation to generation.", "tatoeba_id": 83685 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "903c7e3b38730dbf1598cdf47769e7b8bf68d2ca875f21e4b998bd98487c4d6a", "meanings": [ "世代" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの人たちは同じ世代です。", "zh": "那些人属于同一代。" }, { "ja": "文化は世代から世代へと伝えられる。", "zh": "文化代代相传。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c7bba044f2", "JMdict ent_seq 1374190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6a3192b3df9263cea8f45614082862263dd1f934ba5e00a38e7e3dd8d024dad9" } }, { "id": "57054ddfeb", "word": "節", "reading": "せつ", "romaji": "setsu", "meanings": [ "node", "section", "occasion", "time" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1386140, "examples": [ { "ja": "最後の２節を省略して歌いましょうか。", "furigana": "{最後|さいご}の２{節|せつ}を{省略|しょうりゃく}して{歌|うた}いましょうか。", "en": "We'll sing that song, omitting the last two verses.", "tatoeba_id": 170566 }, { "ja": "こちらにお出での節は、どうぞお立ち寄りください。", "furigana": "こちらにお{出|い}での{節|せつ}は、どうぞお{立|た}ち{寄|よ}りください。", "en": "Please drop in when you come this way.", "tatoeba_id": 224183 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7f5b0b16fec8e2098e306d33e184122f3400fb3d105c4aaa0e7324efacae50d5", "meanings": [ "章节", "时候" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "最後の２節を省略して歌いましょうか。", "zh": "唱歌时省略最后两节好吗？" }, { "ja": "こちらにお出での節は、どうぞお立ち寄りください。", "zh": "您到这边来的时候，请一定顺便来看看。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/57054ddfeb", "JMdict ent_seq 1386140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ddc6b8b3598aecc8aac725a9e683ee8086e054752bdbe55a7ee8988e83e79109" } }, { "id": "339518d459", "word": "切開", "reading": "せっかい", "romaji": "sekkai", "meanings": [ "incision", "cutting open" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1384980, "examples": [ { "ja": "医師は皮膚を切開した。", "en": "The doctor made an incision in the skin." }, { "ja": "切開した部分は小さい。", "en": "The incision is small." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ff80171adf58ae5d6dc2c5541cc34e4f0d80668a5d88728db7591fb0d41a26bb", "meanings": [ "切开", "切口" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "医師は皮膚を切開した。", "zh": "医生切开了皮肤。" }, { "ja": "切開した部分は小さい。", "zh": "切口很小。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/339518d459", "JMdict ent_seq 1384980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2e43b5563b3722cf5c18441d63ec37c86dd1687b21b62dddff36ad9196f90a14" } }, { "id": "6155351877", "word": "セックス", "reading": "セックス", "romaji": "sekkusu", "meanings": [ "sexual intercourse" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1074570, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らはセックスについての教育を話し合った。", "en": "They discussed education about sex." }, { "ja": "二人はセックスと親密さについて話した。", "en": "They talked about sex and intimacy." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cde2cf913b4b3543925c0128f56f3b3e17b10923b1037d4f02e68e269a638353", "meanings": [ "性交", "性" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らはセックスについての教育を話し合った。", "zh": "他们讨论了有关性的教育。" }, { "ja": "二人はセックスと親密さについて話した。", "zh": "两人谈论了性与亲密关系。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6155351877", "JMdict ent_seq 1074570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8878adae684008e816fa39d8b3e0025063b005020965f439ac1e5af6643cc033" } }, { "id": "381b8e830c", "word": "切実", "reading": "せつじつ", "romaji": "setsujitsu", "meanings": [ "compelling", "serious", "severe", "acute", "earnest", "pressing", "urgent" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1385050, "examples": [ { "ja": "太っているのが私の切実な問題です。", "en": "Being fat is a serious problem for me.", "tatoeba_id": 138224 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "70af7a3bf28e92e2b58758b2b67a8813185081cb2154ca3c228798dd56115e9b", "meanings": [ "迫切", "切身" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "太っているのが私の切実な問題です。", "zh": "肥胖是我面临的迫切问题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/381b8e830c", "JMdict ent_seq 1385050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "32f8abc48fd21ef5a816a898782b0c9ad3e5d8fa8011c44123ca248d2f6ecf0a" } }, { "id": "7f9c65e164", "word": "接触", "reading": "せっしょく", "romaji": "sesshoku", "meanings": [ "touch", "contact" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1385450, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私が誘拐犯人と接触出来るようにしてくれた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{私|わたし}が{誘拐犯人|ゆうかいはんにん}と{接触|せっしょく}{出来|でき}るようにしてくれた。", "en": "He put me in touch with the kidnappers.", "tatoeba_id": 106372 }, { "ja": "彼はあらゆる種類の人と接触する。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はあらゆる{種類|しゅるい}の{人|ひと}と{接触|せっしょく}する。", "en": "He comes into contact with all kinds of people.", "tatoeba_id": 114792 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "db1dcc79dec24c328634f4c16b1a950ce1d162a7900bd1ebcb225b8eddeb8e75", "meanings": [ "接触", "联系" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私が誘拐犯人と接触出来るようにしてくれた。", "zh": "他让我能与绑架犯取得联系。" }, { "ja": "彼はあらゆる種類の人と接触する。", "zh": "他与各种各样的人接触。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7f9c65e164", "JMdict ent_seq 1385450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cc60eb655d1a03d466effb70f285f21d6b541fa208658facc39339d608d75209" } }, { "id": "44e52d6c83", "word": "接続詞", "reading": "せつぞくし", "romaji": "setsuzokushi", "meanings": [ "conjunction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1385510, "examples": [ { "ja": "関係代名詞は「接続詞+代名詞」のはたらきをしています。", "furigana": "{関係代名詞|かんけいだいめいし}は「{接続詞|せつぞくし}+{代名詞|だいめいし}」のはたらきをしています。", "en": "Relative pronouns perform as 'conjunction + pronoun'.", "tatoeba_id": 74858 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c3f7a4c68e445fddecbeec5b8893253030f1bab4a781b05965f85e1f9d9db1bc", "meanings": [ "连词" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "関係代名詞は「接続詞+代名詞」のはたらきをしています。", "zh": "关系代词起着“连词加代词”的作用。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/44e52d6c83", "JMdict ent_seq 1385510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0774887321e8c3ca6001e302fee0de5c7ebeb131569481591bc5d02dfc05eeb8" } }, { "id": "cefafca065", "word": "設置", "reading": "せっち", "romaji": "setchi", "meanings": [ "establishment", "installation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1386050, "examples": [ { "ja": "仕事場にコンピューターを設置した。", "furigana": "{仕事場|しごとば}にコンピューターを{設置|せっち}した。", "en": "We have equipped our office with computers.", "tatoeba_id": 169024 }, { "ja": "ようやく各店舗に監視カメラが設置されることになった。", "en": "Eventually it was decided that the stores be equipped with surveillance cameras.", "tatoeba_id": 192871 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "61e4d419a81fe1c46b66b73253da4172bf544a8ef9baf2978770979babefbb1e", "meanings": [ "设置", "安装" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "仕事場にコンピューターを設置した。", "zh": "在工作场所安装了电脑。" }, { "ja": "ようやく各店舗に監視カメラが設置されることになった。", "zh": "各店铺终于决定安装监控摄像头。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cefafca065", "JMdict ent_seq 1386050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a38b9a77569e30eea3bdae39417c9e5b844d8737035904ffba79831ec81cd0c4" } }, { "id": "fddf3c6da3", "word": "折衷", "reading": "せっちゅう", "romaji": "setchuu", "meanings": [ "compromise", "cross", "blending", "eclecticism" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1385960, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは折衷案を採用した。", "en": "We adopted a compromise plan." }, { "ja": "この建物は東西の様式を折衷している。", "en": "This building blends Eastern and Western styles." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "91909f11bf0cbefa5f259d2aad922fb8640c1633f31850f7698a541323a6504a", "meanings": [ "折中", "调和" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは折衷案を採用した。", "zh": "我们采用了折中的方案。" }, { "ja": "この建物は東西の様式を折衷している。", "zh": "这栋建筑融合了东西方风格。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fddf3c6da3", "JMdict ent_seq 1385960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b28eee561c046d443b60bb82d40bb098a44d23cb9856388dd41abac7c1684c62" } }, { "id": "675f38a4a5", "word": "設定", "reading": "せってい", "romaji": "settei", "meanings": [ "establishment", "creation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1386060, "examples": [ { "ja": "設定料金に労務費用は含みません。", "en": "The stated price does not include labor charges.", "tatoeba_id": 142059 }, { "ja": "ご自由にリンクを設定して下さい。", "furigana": "ご{自由|じゆう}にリンクを{設定|せってい}して{下|くだ}さい。", "en": "Please feel free to link to my page.", "tatoeba_id": 217144 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "68253b662c8013b0fb398db4a0da71a4d20d9a8a5b5059f3785d8d0afb6f2c74", "meanings": [ "设定", "设置" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "設定料金に労務費用は含みません。", "zh": "设定费用不包括人工成本。" }, { "ja": "ご自由にリンクを設定して下さい。", "zh": "请随意设置链接。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/675f38a4a5", "JMdict ent_seq 1386060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3fe9c028363d96ff7eeb69cc056fbee71db22b5b9792b6b0a6d465c08d615ad3" } }, { "id": "669ea4bc3c", "word": "説得", "reading": "せっとく", "romaji": "settoku", "meanings": [ "persuasion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1386440, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼女に気楽にするようにと説得した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{彼女|かのじょ}に{気楽|きらく}にするようにと{説得|せっとく}した。", "en": "I persuaded her to make herself comfortable.", "tatoeba_id": 153367 }, { "ja": "彼には思わず説得されてしまうよ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}には{思|おも}わず{説得|せっとく}されてしまうよ。", "en": "He persuades you in spite of yourself.", "tatoeba_id": 118841 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9b346405884df6e8ce8f04c23600d5dfcaa1bcb9e509b579eed2423902f3983b", "meanings": [ "说服" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼女に気楽にするようにと説得した。", "zh": "我劝她放松。" }, { "ja": "彼には思わず説得されてしまうよ。", "zh": "他总能不知不觉地说服我。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/669ea4bc3c", "JMdict ent_seq 1386440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b65c4db76615c430fa303d6b440ead77055db8f6f3f49eb4938ffc4120097fab" } }, { "id": "11f4624f81", "word": "切ない", "reading": "せつない", "romaji": "setsunai", "meanings": [ "painful", "trying", "oppressive", "suffocating" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1383770, "examples": [ { "ja": "ちょっぴり切ない朝を迎えました。", "en": "I was greeted with a slightly sad morning.", "tatoeba_id": 8995472 }, { "ja": "切ない曲をよく聴きます。", "en": "I often listen to sad songs.", "tatoeba_id": 8584050 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c1b1eebd665a7ba93fc3b96dbad559044ac25c3f220a28b74041681b3da00c28", "meanings": [ "难过", "痛苦" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ちょっぴり切ない朝を迎えました。", "zh": "迎来了有些伤感的早晨。" }, { "ja": "切ない曲をよく聴きます。", "zh": "我经常听令人心酸的曲子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/11f4624f81", "JMdict ent_seq 1383770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "699ba3547ca38883f35a83779c9bda5923ca4ff474ed45cf1bb024fe84b1eca8" } }, { "id": "07e85dc946", "word": "絶版", "reading": "ぜっぱん", "romaji": "zeppan", "meanings": [ "out of print" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1386940, "examples": [ { "ja": "この本はかつてはベストセラーだったが、今は絶版になっている。", "furigana": "この{本|ほん}はかつてはベストセラーだったが、{今|いま}は{絶版|ぜっぱん}になっている。", "en": "This book, which was once a best seller, is now out of print.", "tatoeba_id": 219712 }, { "ja": "私はその本を１冊買いたいが、その本は絶版になっている。", "en": "I want to buy a copy of the book, but it is out of print.", "tatoeba_id": 159869 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "69ac8aed01c96d7cd865422996d5370c4df0295f85b15568e1de69e8eb8bcabd", "meanings": [ "绝版" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この本はかつてはベストセラーだったが、今は絶版になっている。", "zh": "这本书曾经是畅销书，但现在绝版了。" }, { "ja": "私はその本を１冊買いたいが、その本は絶版になっている。", "zh": "我想买一本那本书，但它已经绝版了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/07e85dc946", "JMdict ent_seq 1386940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "81e8324da54f06be4216133e559ae24d572d36c96b8c6665af239eb43c5273a0" } }, { "id": "ecd2111666", "word": "絶望", "reading": "ぜつぼう", "romaji": "zetsubou", "meanings": [ "despair", "hopelessness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1386960, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はしばしば絶望感に襲われた。", "en": "I was often seized by despair.", "tatoeba_id": 160629 }, { "ja": "彼女は夫が亡くなって絶望していた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{夫|おっと}が{亡|な}くなって{絶望|ぜつぼう}していた。", "en": "She was in despair when her husband died.", "tatoeba_id": 86963 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a184fd128126b7bc14e3294ace52ea76a7755b47bd458091ef91299224419887", "meanings": [ "绝望" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はしばしば絶望感に襲われた。", "zh": "我常常感到绝望。" }, { "ja": "彼女は夫が亡くなって絶望していた。", "zh": "丈夫去世后，她陷入了绝望。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ecd2111666", "JMdict ent_seq 1386960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "845c421ac4ec33531042b0185a568b69de9e3d57f11a5bc7b612f8ac46922853" } }, { "id": "feb47e8478", "word": "設立", "reading": "せつりつ", "romaji": "setsuritsu", "meanings": [ "establishment", "foundation", "institution" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1386090, "examples": [ { "ja": "わが校は１９００年に設立されました。", "en": "Our school was founded in 1990.", "tatoeba_id": 192028 }, { "ja": "その学校は１６５０年に設立された。", "furigana": "その{学校|がっこう}は１６５０{年|ねん}に{設立|せつりつ}された。", "en": "The school was established in 1650.", "tatoeba_id": 211667 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2d58374497999d4e7a2d4af0dba2c2acd9d792d4b37a5409e4f81fb2acf7ffbb", "meanings": [ "设立", "创立" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "わが校は１９００年に設立されました。", "zh": "我们学校创立于1900年。" }, { "ja": "その学校は１６５０年に設立された。", "zh": "那所学校创立于1650年。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/feb47e8478", "JMdict ent_seq 1386090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1c4955dafaab4e1629fb0d31338ac9a10630a0a67de8ba85232f4a9071228d07" } }, { "id": "b46671b57e", "word": "攻め", "reading": "せめ", "romaji": "seme", "meanings": [ "attack", "offence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1279120, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は来客攻めにあった。", "en": "He was besieged by callers.", "tatoeba_id": 99131 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f389e8913a077e8e3418555bcf3e27f9b0360cca30073f8bf70163195909cb24", "meanings": [ "进攻", "围攻" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は来客攻めにあった。", "zh": "他被来访者围得应接不暇。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b46671b57e", "JMdict ent_seq 1279120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "79ea973918ef29f3261c4d09225eae2cb465da288e83151bb563108039b43516" } }, { "id": "f319ccd9ac", "word": "ゼリー", "reading": "ゼリー", "romaji": "zerii", "meanings": [ "jelly", "gelatin dessert" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1075190, "examples": [ { "ja": "ピーナツバターとゼリーのをください。", "en": "Peanut butter and jelly, please.", "tatoeba_id": 197673 }, { "ja": "コーヒーゼリーを食べますか。", "en": "Will you have some coffee flavored pudding?", "tatoeba_id": 4641694 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ee952d01c6a3fe51c54af0523a46fa2420efd213c61933e8f130e1fdc69cc477", "meanings": [ "果冻", "果酱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ピーナツバターとゼリーのをください。", "zh": "请给我花生酱加果酱口味的。" }, { "ja": "コーヒーゼリーを食べますか。", "zh": "你吃咖啡果冻吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f319ccd9ac", "JMdict ent_seq 1075190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "70165bdacc3621b20de4f6db2281fa3266fca5383812acbb8b01097623d7b036", "notes": "可指果冻或果酱，具体含义需结合语境。" } }, { "id": "77f1be66cb", "word": "セレモニー", "reading": "セレモニー", "romaji": "seremonii", "meanings": [ "ceremony" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1074930, "examples": [ { "ja": "セレモニーには出席できませんでした。", "en": "I couldn't attend the ceremony.", "tatoeba_id": 11155707 }, { "ja": "ボーリング店のオープニングセレモニーは退屈だった。", "en": "The bowling shop's opening ceremony was boring.", "tatoeba_id": 412024 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9ca6b6e6c0451033d6bbebc180b90bbc68f8b79ae99eaf8cc5f7f9b765fd139d", "meanings": [ "仪式" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "セレモニーには出席できませんでした。", "zh": "我没能出席典礼。" }, { "ja": "ボーリング店のオープニングセレモニーは退屈だった。", "zh": "保龄球馆的开业仪式很无聊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/77f1be66cb", "JMdict ent_seq 1074930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2e2ca9e7c61fe9ad0ba868d6b4fec3c8d23d231070993004f6c7838592ad6ad9" } }, { "id": "6c8da35d55", "word": "世論", "reading": "せろん", "romaji": "seron", "meanings": [ "public opinion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1606150, "examples": [ { "ja": "世論は非常に重要である。", "en": "Public opinion counts for much.", "tatoeba_id": 143336 }, { "ja": "世論はその政策に反対している。", "en": "Public opinion is opposed to the policy.", "tatoeba_id": 143339 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ef911dda343ec660e418129425e3d08d196eae31eb7b3d8055d8542b98190bed", "meanings": [ "舆论" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "世論は非常に重要である。", "zh": "舆论非常重要。" }, { "ja": "世論はその政策に反対している。", "zh": "舆论反对那项政策。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6c8da35d55", "JMdict ent_seq 1606150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "48f3e4fb935b52d9d610a2341320493b047fe70db46264e0f1cca0733ea5a4d1" } }, { "id": "a509bf3d8a", "word": "仙", "reading": "せん", "romaji": "sen", "meanings": [ "hermit", "wizard" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1387100, "examples": [ { "ja": "伝説では仙は山に住んでいる。", "en": "In legend, hermits live in the mountains." }, { "ja": "物語に一人の仙が登場する。", "en": "A hermit appears in the story." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2e5dccd7ef154698f8c87c3e921e26d5178f02f103991dc6b5f2c180774a70fd", "meanings": [ "仙人", "隐士" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "伝説では仙は山に住んでいる。", "zh": "传说中仙人住在山里。" }, { "ja": "物語に一人の仙が登場する。", "zh": "故事里出现了一位仙人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a509bf3d8a", "JMdict ent_seq 1387100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "75598c97f5c04f97a193d062d89ecabfa59b40bc9ba309e8b8f72ee10586e64a" } }, { "id": "21f2e9018e", "word": "前", "reading": "ぜん", "romaji": "zen", "meanings": [ "before" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1392570, "examples": [ { "ja": "前学期は成績がよかった。", "furigana": "{前|ぜん}{学期|がっき}は{成績|せいせき}がよかった。", "en": "I had a good report last term.", "tatoeba_id": 140952 }, { "ja": "田中前外相の更迭に続く政治混乱がその象徴である。", "en": "The dismissal of foreign minister Tanaka is symbolic of the continuing political turmoil.", "tatoeba_id": 75850 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ba66efd17f34b7f23317d764bd5215ff7dd93b0cf8f62adcdd3dff86ceeed94b", "meanings": [ "前", "上一" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "前学期は成績がよかった。", "zh": "上学期成绩很好。" }, { "ja": "田中前外相の更迭に続く政治混乱がその象徴である。", "zh": "田中前外相被撤职后的政治混乱就是其象征。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/21f2e9018e", "JMdict ent_seq 1392570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b360c256f4cbc7b31fda408ac4b3ec4d443e00068d7072a8459d488905ad3d8f" } }, { "id": "3bddae5639", "word": "禅", "reading": "ぜん", "romaji": "zen", "meanings": [ "Zen (Buddhism)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1396420, "examples": [ { "ja": "禅は私たちの心を鍛練するといわれる。", "furigana": "{禅|ぜん}は{私|わたし}たちの{心|こころ}を{鍛練|たんれん}するといわれる。", "en": "They say Zen cultivates our mind.", "tatoeba_id": 140731 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6906ad1688c9132db0b9b05b68647e8b394695fd635568b36af601bb1100b435", "meanings": [ "禅" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "禅は私たちの心を鍛練するといわれる。", "zh": "据说禅能锻炼我们的心灵。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3bddae5639", "JMdict ent_seq 1396420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1b4eca9072195067751d53fddda34c177516762fce3438884abdfc88d34dd6ae" } }, { "id": "aa90b56516", "word": "膳", "reading": "ぜん", "romaji": "zen", "meanings": [ "(small) table", "tray", "meal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1396490, "examples": [ { "ja": "旅館は、上げ膳据え膳がうれしいね。", "furigana": "{旅館|りょかん}は、{上|あ}げ{膳据|ぜんす}え{膳|ぜん}がうれしいね。", "en": "At a Japanese-style inn, they take care of your every need, so you don't have to lift a finger.", "tatoeba_id": 78195 }, { "ja": "彼女は膳の上のものを酔った手つきで掴み散らしました。", "en": "She threw away everything that was on the small dining table in a drunken hand gesture.", "tatoeba_id": 663809 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d520390fbe7caeea7cac044443a2c6a88e00cb252749e0f38fba311c501131f4", "meanings": [ "饭桌", "托盘", "饭菜" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "旅館は、上げ膳据え膳がうれしいね。", "zh": "在旅馆里有人伺候吃饭，真舒服。" }, { "ja": "彼女は膳の上のものを酔った手つきで掴み散らしました。", "zh": "她醉醺醺地抓乱了饭桌上的东西。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aa90b56516", "JMdict ent_seq 1396490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8209e46b20a10607e241283f20be91a1f95c3c0a04e8a0c4f7654cc0dd8b88b1" } }, { "id": "a0bf0a33e1", "word": "繊維", "reading": "せんい", "romaji": "sen'i", "meanings": [ "fibre", "fiber", "textile" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1391890, "examples": [ { "ja": "繊維産業をとりまく状況は変化した。", "en": "Circumstances surrounding the textile industry have changed.", "tatoeba_id": 141187 }, { "ja": "繊維ニュースは繊維産業関係者に愛読者が多い。", "en": "Textile News has a large following among those working in the textile industry.", "tatoeba_id": 191520 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "abe4eb2fed2b419238458a9c703dfdfda5d838cf44fbdf7834970be4ab379761", "meanings": [ "纤维" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "繊維産業をとりまく状況は変化した。", "zh": "纤维产业面临的环境发生了变化。" }, { "ja": "繊維ニュースは繊維産業関係者に愛読者が多い。", "zh": "《纤维新闻》在纤维产业从业者中有很多读者。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a0bf0a33e1", "JMdict ent_seq 1391890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "959cd781a8055784fb6750043579301a6ab292a58fe4a049d4f7c1f8b83d9d85" } }, { "id": "90d17d2eab", "word": "全快", "reading": "ぜんかい", "romaji": "zenkai", "meanings": [ "complete recovery of health" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1394940, "examples": [ { "ja": "御病気が全快なされるように。", "furigana": "{御|ご}{病気|びょうき}が{全快|ぜんかい}なされるように。", "en": "I hope you will be completely cured.", "tatoeba_id": 174244 }, { "ja": "彼はすぐに全快するでしょうか。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はすぐに{全快|ぜんかい}するでしょうか。", "en": "Will he get well soon?", "tatoeba_id": 113442 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c2a3392cb7f8826f0ab91ead8a68a50ab7a071eb06447932f1921fb3536af636", "meanings": [ "痊愈" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "御病気が全快なされるように。", "zh": "祝您早日完全康复。" }, { "ja": "彼はすぐに全快するでしょうか。", "zh": "他会很快痊愈吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/90d17d2eab", "JMdict ent_seq 1394940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0f86d5a52d166e87d46d6b0676bdea920eb00b19a538875ba6384a00b4c8adb3" } }, { "id": "fc38e878fb", "word": "選挙", "reading": "せんきょ", "romaji": "senkyo", "meanings": [ "election" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1392190, "examples": [ { "ja": "その県知事は７月の選挙で勝利をおさめました。", "en": "The prefectural governor got the upper hand in the July elections.", "tatoeba_id": 210931 }, { "ja": "選挙に勝つには「見た目」が何割？", "furigana": "{選挙|せんきょ}に{勝|か}つには「{見|み}た{目|め}」が{何割|なんわり}？", "en": "How much of winning an election is down to looks?", "tatoeba_id": 74051 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d1dd47df2a24c8c0d930f14b6bdbd3a332476a120833ca5f2d4d416e1670ecba", "meanings": [ "选举" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その県知事は７月の選挙で勝利をおさめました。", "zh": "那位县知事在七月的选举中获胜。" }, { "ja": "選挙に勝つには「見た目」が何割？", "zh": "赢得选举，“外表”占多大比重？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fc38e878fb", "JMdict ent_seq 1392190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0bb529f6250b9fdb487728fb9c512e3ae3682e8e42e7010928db9d7c54ea3b37" } }, { "id": "d71e349b66", "word": "宣教", "reading": "せんきょう", "romaji": "senkyou", "meanings": [ "religious mission" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1389660, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は海外で宣教した。", "en": "He carried out missionary work overseas." }, { "ja": "教会は宣教活動を支援している。", "en": "The church supports missionary work." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f567d0fb1292fbb07f9ab6a452ec5893e388fb042e81a4edb48252ce7ceeee2a", "meanings": [ "传教" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は海外で宣教した。", "zh": "他到海外传教。" }, { "ja": "教会は宣教活動を支援している。", "zh": "教会支持传教活动。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d71e349b66", "JMdict ent_seq 1389660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7ac7a066cc4fb2fe3be14a9b40393d71c36a836cefdd111b5194c3441d3e1c3b" } }, { "id": "e3d5b8418e", "word": "宣言", "reading": "せんげん", "romaji": "sengen", "meanings": [ "declaration", "proclamation", "announcement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1389680, "examples": [ { "ja": "その植民地は独立を宣言した。", "furigana": "その{植民地|しょくみんち}は{独立|どくりつ}を{宣言|せんげん}した。", "en": "The colony declared independence.", "tatoeba_id": 208897 }, { "ja": "司祭は彼らを夫婦であると宣言した。", "furigana": "{司祭|しさい}は{彼|かれ}らを{夫婦|ふうふ}であると{宣言|せんげん}した。", "en": "The priest pronounced them man and wife.", "tatoeba_id": 168976 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "de0c123eb92964cc295af9377060a1bc4e85623bb9f0e4db01947e72bf6614b4", "meanings": [ "宣言", "宣布" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その植民地は独立を宣言した。", "zh": "殖民地宣布独立。" }, { "ja": "司祭は彼らを夫婦であると宣言した。", "zh": "神父宣布他们结为夫妻。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e3d5b8418e", "JMdict ent_seq 1389680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "18647b3e88cadb4571f166761992eb775dba45e73c67b3609e67f9516f697282" } }, { "id": "3da3d2a5a8", "word": "先行", "reading": "せんこう", "romaji": "senkou", "meanings": [ "preceding", "going first" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1387640, "examples": [ { "ja": "稲光は雷の音に先行する。", "furigana": "{稲光|いなびかり}は{雷|かみなり}の{音|おと}に{先行|せんこう}する。", "en": "The flash of lightning precedes the sound of thunder.", "tatoeba_id": 190013 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "77e2fe8faf44cdb9abaecc8a3f3b64af13dab10433470bb40ee51eddb3340bf7", "meanings": [ "先行" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "稲光は雷の音に先行する。", "zh": "闪电先于雷声。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3da3d2a5a8", "JMdict ent_seq 1387640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "525caa62c5ca9106754f2789b6fb4d740cc95962e5e31bf4a4db8678647957bc" } }, { "id": "7b6ecce00c", "word": "選考", "reading": "せんこう", "romaji": "senkou", "meanings": [ "selection", "screening" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1392240, "examples": [ { "ja": "職員の選考に関する規則を次のように定める。", "furigana": "{職員|しょくいん}の{選考|せんこう}に{関|かん}する{規則|きそく}を{次|つぎ}のように{定|さだ}める。", "en": "Rules in connection with staff selection are set as follows.", "tatoeba_id": 76000 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c4d7713d24c457893ad0b726c11c7f72ef9f2ea33cee0c78c003c12c65205fec", "meanings": [ "选拔", "筛选" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "職員の選考に関する規則を次のように定める。", "zh": "关于人员选拔的规则规定如下。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7b6ecce00c", "JMdict ent_seq 1392240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e5445da85b7128db28176d2acb674a45c748bddfe2327772cded538e391e2a44" } }, { "id": "d5fbb02fb2", "word": "戦災", "reading": "せんさい", "romaji": "sensai", "meanings": [ "war damage" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1390230, "examples": [ { "ja": "この町は戦災を受けた。", "en": "This town suffered war damage." }, { "ja": "戦災で多くの人が家を失った。", "en": "Many people lost their homes in the war." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "426b4da7e8113d6b42ff9fc095990459e6dff0c6b9097e5d70c2d72d44eb5a30", "meanings": [ "战争灾害" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この町は戦災を受けた。", "zh": "这个城市在战争中受损。" }, { "ja": "戦災で多くの人が家を失った。", "zh": "战争灾害夺走了许多人的家园。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d5fbb02fb2", "JMdict ent_seq 1390230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ecfb0c54368e6aefb1b9e06b6843811454c68951267638fe48b4eacadc31b5a3" } }, { "id": "2115059dfe", "word": "専修", "reading": "せんしゅう", "romaji": "senshuu", "meanings": [ "specialization" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1389790, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は大学で法律を専修した。", "en": "She specialized in law at university." }, { "ja": "彼は歴史を専修している。", "en": "He specializes in history." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f28ec0189a4cf118c2131a9ea317315b7340770fbbc05c7a644421b289bc6144", "meanings": [ "专修" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は大学で法律を専修した。", "zh": "她在大学专修法律。" }, { "ja": "彼は歴史を専修している。", "zh": "他专修历史。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2115059dfe", "JMdict ent_seq 1389790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "78ec6ea58aaae3bfa6acab72798bb95a63911c23ee5ce7d8fd19369b37aa21c5" } }, { "id": "e2849f24af", "word": "戦術", "reading": "せんじゅつ", "romaji": "senjutsu", "meanings": [ "tactics" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1390280, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは戦術を急に変更して軍を後退させた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{戦術|せんじゅつ}を{急|きゅう}に{変更|へんこう}して{軍|ぐん}を{後退|こうたい}させた。", "en": "They moved the troops back in a sudden change of tactics.", "tatoeba_id": 96681 }, { "ja": "戦術を変えてみたら。", "furigana": "{戦術|せんじゅつ}を{変|か}えてみたら。", "en": "Why don't you try a different tack?", "tatoeba_id": 141318 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "18ca8e06272acd8c14e652a0934bd4f5fd32f402b345d34674bcec77c18a4159", "meanings": [ "战术" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは戦術を急に変更して軍を後退させた。", "zh": "他们突然改变战术，撤退了军队。" }, { "ja": "戦術を変えてみたら。", "zh": "试着换个战术如何？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e2849f24af", "JMdict ent_seq 1390280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3e0f6a1170fa232b09756b38985387a4927bb966beec718298cfb71607c3c37c" } }, { "id": "bf7f0061ef", "word": "センス", "reading": "センス", "romaji": "sensu", "meanings": [ "good sense (for music, style, tact, etc.)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1075000, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼には素晴らしいユーモアのセンスがある。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}には{素晴|すば}らしいユーモアのセンスがある。", "en": "He has a great sense of humour.", "tatoeba_id": 118797 }, { "ja": "センスのある着こなしですね。", "furigana": "センスのある{着|き}こなしですね。", "en": "I love that combination.", "tatoeba_id": 213987 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4aee69f11e82e5527ed69f1cb828df362e768aeb1e547bcb1ea8c4eae2b365d6", "meanings": [ "品味", "感觉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼には素晴らしいユーモアのセンスがある。", "zh": "他有很好的幽默感。" }, { "ja": "センスのある着こなしですね。", "zh": "你的穿搭很有品味。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bf7f0061ef", "JMdict ent_seq 1075000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8a54039be7fb165c2267018a9ae517e004e35899740695ca672d354e2d7ddc3c" } }, { "id": "7aed30adea", "word": "潜水", "reading": "せんすい", "romaji": "sensui", "meanings": [ "diving" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1391330, "examples": [ { "ja": "この潜水時計は少し値段が高すぎます。", "en": "This diver's watch is a little too expensive.", "tatoeba_id": 220783 }, { "ja": "潜水して泳げるかい。", "furigana": "{潜水|せんすい}して{泳|およ}げるかい。", "en": "Can you swim underwater?", "tatoeba_id": 75922 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4fbcdc617bc3a7601dc30357d277e1cb5b05e7165f5c1a2277fa181bd93f331f", "meanings": [ "潜水" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この潜水時計は少し値段が高すぎます。", "zh": "这块潜水表价格太高了些。" }, { "ja": "潜水して泳げるかい。", "zh": "你会潜水游泳吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7aed30adea", "JMdict ent_seq 1391330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "22ed319858a18d862b8f444e3baab64574fd6e2f19b04ec296a599a69f81fa6b" } }, { "id": "48612f2aa4", "word": "全盛", "reading": "ぜんせい", "romaji": "zensei", "meanings": [ "height of prosperity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1395560, "examples": [ { "ja": "その歌手はその歌のときが全盛でした。", "furigana": "その{歌手|かしゅ}はその{歌|うた}のときが{全盛|ぜんせい}でした。", "en": "The singer was at his best in that song.", "tatoeba_id": 211978 }, { "ja": "当時その宗教は全盛だった。", "furigana": "{当時|とうじ}その{宗教|しゅうきょう}は{全盛|ぜんせい}だった。", "en": "The religion was in its glory in those days.", "tatoeba_id": 124084 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4153ab184def61890b18ca74c3d57b0a0ff44a580d28695265e823965a912e78", "meanings": [ "鼎盛" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その歌手はその歌のときが全盛でした。", "zh": "那位歌手唱那首歌的时候正值全盛期。" }, { "ja": "当時その宗教は全盛だった。", "zh": "当时那个宗教正处于鼎盛期。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/48612f2aa4", "JMdict ent_seq 1395560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d4c6931e49f8b17ed7ec9a71298431403dcf136c98ba4c20fa96b3fb3d80138b" } }, { "id": "6e73a8dba2", "word": "先代", "reading": "せんだい", "romaji": "sendai", "meanings": [ "family predecessor", "previous age", "previous generation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1388080, "examples": [ { "ja": "先代はいつでもにこにこしている人だったけど、今度のはどうもお天気屋でいかんね。", "en": "The previous boss smiled all the time, but the current boss has somehow become moody.", "tatoeba_id": 1225720 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e1d48823f48b9c3fb004e8cfef64623dc2e00b291e4fc24b30d81ef19c0bb6b4", "meanings": [ "前任", "上一代" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "先代はいつでもにこにこしている人だったけど、今度のはどうもお天気屋でいかんね。", "zh": "上一任总是笑眯眯的，但这位喜怒无常，真不行。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6e73a8dba2", "JMdict ent_seq 1388080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2ff68f07e6932ca97b8e3ab6793733617483ff999c6b3c85627c544e777bd51c" } }, { "id": "72112e3cd6", "word": "先だって", "reading": "せんだって", "romaji": "sendatte", "meanings": [ "recently", "the other day" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1388100, "examples": [ { "ja": "先だって彼にあったときには、彼はとても元気だった。", "furigana": "{先|せん}だって{彼|かれ}にあったときには、{彼|かれ}はとても{元気|げんき}だった。", "en": "Last I met him, he was very well.", "tatoeba_id": 141913 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "42abe6e4b7065eac0f7ab7423fe87e019d4ddec3e8b8928999f1a3fe3d87c0b1", "meanings": [ "前些日子" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "先だって彼にあったときには、彼はとても元気だった。", "zh": "前些日子见到他时，他精神很好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/72112e3cd6", "JMdict ent_seq 1388100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9f0bfad1f310d597e70e1b707bfe1611dae4e822f0aea891a0dc4f9ad10f3367" } }, { "id": "0fd0a500c6", "word": "先着", "reading": "せんちゃく", "romaji": "senchaku", "meanings": [ "first arrival" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1388150, "examples": [ { "ja": "先着十名に景品を差し上げます。", "en": "The first ten arrivals will receive a gift." }, { "ja": "先着順に受け付けます。", "en": "Applications are accepted in order of arrival." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e5daba89053b7792a0c083dcef5facaef77aff67eb8fcc8357f6b74821b2b091", "meanings": [ "最先到达" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "先着十名に景品を差し上げます。", "zh": "前十名到达的人可获得礼物。" }, { "ja": "先着順に受け付けます。", "zh": "按先到先得的顺序受理。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0fd0a500c6", "JMdict ent_seq 1388150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "78ed2ff68d8dcd1ca5703f599544509ecc2e57d1fe9c0a58d6d76d646a89204a" } }, { "id": "b73454fdf2", "word": "前提", "reading": "ぜんてい", "romaji": "zentei", "meanings": [ "preamble", "premise", "reason", "prerequisite" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1393680, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは結婚を前提として交際しています。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちは{結婚|けっこん}を{前提|ぜんてい}として{交際|こうさい}しています。", "en": "We are dating with a view to marriage.", "tatoeba_id": 165882 }, { "ja": "その前提が妥当かどうかよく考えるべきだ。", "furigana": "その{前提|ぜんてい}が{妥当|だとう}かどうかよく{考|かんが}えるべきだ。", "en": "You ought to think over whether the premise is valid or not.", "tatoeba_id": 208386 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "29226c6f840831d7a1f858be31b02ff49cbb7df0ac64d310314e52e4b9014e69", "meanings": [ "前提" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは結婚を前提として交際しています。", "zh": "我们以结婚为前提交往。" }, { "ja": "その前提が妥当かどうかよく考えるべきだ。", "zh": "应该认真考虑那个前提是否妥当。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b73454fdf2", "JMdict ent_seq 1393680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9edc1615a2af192ea4b87d087d76abb9d2bcac880bc145f7b867d471722884d7" } }, { "id": "f608306e77", "word": "先天的", "reading": "せんてんてき", "romaji": "sententeki", "meanings": [ "a priori", "inborn", "innate", "inherent", "congenital", "hereditary" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1388200, "examples": [ { "ja": "その習慣は後天的で、先天的なものではない。", "en": "That habit is acquired, not innate.", "tatoeba_id": 209448 }, { "ja": "彼は先天的な詩人です。", "en": "He is a born poet.", "tatoeba_id": 103030 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "26d3909ac214dd3183aec9da6317f386b0707d9ade0b64487d3c583071c9f084", "meanings": [ "先天的" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その習慣は後天的で、先天的なものではない。", "zh": "那种习惯是后天的，不是先天的。" }, { "ja": "彼は先天的な詩人です。", "zh": "他是天生的诗人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f608306e77", "JMdict ent_seq 1388200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "96e5452de715acff9983097c9fc2e5b3db9dcd5120e1277348d09e90f537edf1" } }, { "id": "30196434a9", "word": "前途", "reading": "ぜんと", "romaji": "zento", "meanings": [ "future prospects", "outlook", "the journey ahead" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1393750, "examples": [ { "ja": "君には前途がある。", "furigana": "{君|きみ}には{前途|ぜんと}がある。", "en": "Life lies in front of you.", "tatoeba_id": 178656 }, { "ja": "彼の前途には一筋の希望の光もなかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}の{前途|ぜんと}には{一筋|ひとすじ}の{希望|きぼう}の{光|ひかり}もなかった。", "en": "There was not a ray of hope before him.", "tatoeba_id": 116644 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "75f637f119c82a92d5795211f06fcf54a203c841c7230f067eea3c1fa72b0318", "meanings": [ "前途" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "君には前途がある。", "zh": "你前途无量。" }, { "ja": "彼の前途には一筋の希望の光もなかった。", "zh": "他的前途没有一线希望之光。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/30196434a9", "JMdict ent_seq 1393750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9caa8a6467dca592cc26807df148855f2958bbcf45bbdf00dbcb5ecfd4041b4d" } }, { "id": "8a8095c9e5", "word": "戦闘", "reading": "せんとう", "romaji": "sentou", "meanings": [ "battle", "fight", "combat" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1390420, "examples": [ { "ja": "軍隊は戦闘の配置で整列していた。", "furigana": "{軍隊|ぐんたい}は{戦闘|せんとう}の{配置|はいち}で{整列|せいれつ}していた。", "en": "The troops were in battle array.", "tatoeba_id": 176657 }, { "ja": "その戦闘で多くの兵士が負傷した。", "furigana": "その{戦闘|せんとう}で{多|おお}くの{兵士|へいし}が{負傷|ふしょう}した。", "en": "Many soldiers were wounded in the battle.", "tatoeba_id": 208465 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8b838aa1db18e20069a38e10219103e6d901a390d288da23f71ee8c7b1d5876f", "meanings": [ "战斗" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "軍隊は戦闘の配置で整列していた。", "zh": "军队按作战阵形列队。" }, { "ja": "その戦闘で多くの兵士が負傷した。", "zh": "那场战斗中很多士兵受伤。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8a8095c9e5", "JMdict ent_seq 1390420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8ed0344f4c6dec7928acdcbe964c544c056321728f7fd95660f9f8d6bfb7b056" } }, { "id": "b8322e62d2", "word": "潜入", "reading": "せんにゅう", "romaji": "sennyuu", "meanings": [ "infiltration", "sneaking in" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1391360, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は農夫に身をやつして城下町に潜入した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{農夫|のうふ}に{身|み}をやつして{城下町|じょうかまち}に{潜入|せんにゅう}した。", "en": "Disguising himself as a peasant, he crept into the castle town.", "tatoeba_id": 75769 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fa07410d9697716abddff57fcbf02b7a69cbd37e23265851f667ba80db7e944e", "meanings": [ "潜入" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は農夫に身をやつして城下町に潜入した。", "zh": "他伪装成农夫，潜入城下町。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b8322e62d2", "JMdict ent_seq 1391360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "eb91e92b591d18216e8d44915a19d41ff3bdcdc4b0cc18f0c7e625e6d3ae2fe2" } }, { "id": "0c8eee4cc2", "word": "船舶", "reading": "せんぱく", "romaji": "senpaku", "meanings": [ "ship" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1392080, "examples": [ { "ja": "懐中電灯は、船舶同士とか、街の通りを走っている自動車に向けて合図を伝える。", "furigana": "{懐中電灯|かいちゅうでんとう}は、{船舶|せんぱく}{同士|どうし}とか、{街|まち}の{通|とお}りを{走|はし}っている{自動車|じどうしゃ}に{向|む}けて{合図|あいず}を{伝|つた}える。", "en": "Flashing lights transmit messages between ships and to motorists along city streets.", "tatoeba_id": 185148 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "412446d106c18e6bc8936c8558543ccc1e761868622cb163cc821c40c3236ea4", "meanings": [ "船舶" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "懐中電灯は、船舶同士とか、街の通りを走っている自動車に向けて合図を伝える。", "zh": "手电筒用于向其他船舶或街上行驶的汽车发出信号。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0c8eee4cc2", "JMdict ent_seq 1392080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a5df3532a215d845fa77435c1deb59f4ec31ab85759af244f59036e92d836fbd" } }, { "id": "7373b5fd5b", "word": "全滅", "reading": "ぜんめつ", "romaji": "zenmetsu", "meanings": [ "annihilation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1396240, "examples": [ { "ja": "その町の住人は全滅した。", "furigana": "その{町|まち}の{住人|じゅうにん}は{全滅|ぜんめつ}した。", "en": "The population of the town was wiped out.", "tatoeba_id": 207811 }, { "ja": "部隊は全滅した。", "furigana": "{部隊|ぶたい}は{全滅|ぜんめつ}した。", "en": "The troop was altogether destroyed.", "tatoeba_id": 84081 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7739010c6f8d4763e28505e21b34344c12b641b7423682371820aa3edbbcf93b", "meanings": [ "全灭", "全军覆没" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その町の住人は全滅した。", "zh": "镇上的居民全部遇难。" }, { "ja": "部隊は全滅した。", "zh": "部队全军覆没。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7373b5fd5b", "JMdict ent_seq 1396240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ff1e0bd227d0107d334753b7c19bf1d7d6ed14b60a19cf15976d767cde2918c0" } }, { "id": "8b9fc4a8ec", "word": "専用", "reading": "せんよう", "romaji": "sen'you", "meanings": [ "exclusive use", "personal use" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "n-suf", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1596240, "examples": [ { "ja": "ドアにいちばん近い駐車場所は重役専用です。", "en": "The parking spaces nearest the door are reserved for executives.", "tatoeba_id": 201888 }, { "ja": "そう、専用浴室付きのシングルにしてください。", "en": "Yes, I'd like a single room with a private bath, please.", "tatoeba_id": 213968 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b7fc14c90ae75fc831922cb1a0504e7558e47b12ece0c87aac4f98476d71efb1", "meanings": [ "专用" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ドアにいちばん近い駐車場所は重役専用です。", "zh": "离门最近的停车位是高管专用的。" }, { "ja": "そう、専用浴室付きのシングルにしてください。", "zh": "好的，请给我一间带独立浴室的单人房。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8b9fc4a8ec", "JMdict ent_seq 1596240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "81b774eee7aa594f7d2537c8c795b2c4e373d88223d3005d24e4b48e4338ec72" } }, { "id": "a17c4c4a97", "word": "占領", "reading": "せんりょう", "romaji": "senryou", "meanings": [ "occupation", "capture", "possession", "have a room to oneself" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1389610, "examples": [ { "ja": "この机は場所を占領しすぎる。", "furigana": "この{机|つくえ}は{場所|ばしょ}を{占領|せんりょう}しすぎる。", "en": "This desk takes up too much room.", "tatoeba_id": 222518 }, { "ja": "夏にはこの島は観光客に占領される。", "furigana": "{夏|なつ}にはこの{島|しま}は{観光客|かんこうきゃく}に{占領|せんりょう}される。", "en": "Tourists take over this island in the summer.", "tatoeba_id": 187246 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bdbecc018f6fc47755e9e60947d4401a96973393de686b38a9e9eaf096418748", "meanings": [ "占领", "占用" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この机は場所を占領しすぎる。", "zh": "这张桌子太占地方了。" }, { "ja": "夏にはこの島は観光客に占領される。", "zh": "夏天这座岛被游客占满。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a17c4c4a97", "JMdict ent_seq 1389610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "61d47bd95035c538c481de57a45cc498a73e476238db8fdfb0f6834b23d131a9" } }, { "id": "bf875a6a76", "word": "善良", "reading": "ぜんりょう", "romaji": "zenryou", "meanings": [ "goodness", "excellence", "virtue" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1394560, "examples": [ { "ja": "善良な市民は法律に従う。", "en": "A good citizen obeys the laws.", "tatoeba_id": 140911 }, { "ja": "彼は善良そのものである。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{善良|ぜんりょう}そのものである。", "en": "He is the epitome of goodness.", "tatoeba_id": 102959 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8de261404f2d6b088acd699265db83c0a4798a7723b8e04d33aba3fd1b9fa50a", "meanings": [ "善良" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "善良な市民は法律に従う。", "zh": "善良的市民遵守法律。" }, { "ja": "彼は善良そのものである。", "zh": "他是善良的化身。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bf875a6a76", "JMdict ent_seq 1394560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b1bf03df0d8db7afc40c469240829f876d1f39b3fa60ee894cfe6ec85932b22d" } }, { "id": "81edb31311", "word": "戦力", "reading": "せんりょく", "romaji": "senryoku", "meanings": [ "military strength", "capable personnel or resources" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1390660, "examples": [ { "ja": "さらに、即戦力となる政策関連の科学的成果や手段の提供が必要であると強調した。", "en": "Moreover, they underscored the need for providing policy relevant ready-to-use scientific results and methodology.", "tatoeba_id": 438618 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "402a9c2a956bd786c204ce03bd92de7d2b623f41bf2b025af7b7cbc64d997c90", "meanings": [ "战斗力", "有用力量" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "さらに、即戦力となる政策関連の科学的成果や手段の提供が必要であると強調した。", "zh": "另外，他强调有必要提供可以立即发挥作用的政策相关科学成果和手段。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/81edb31311", "JMdict ent_seq 1390660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7d21a32e0e596c7eaf792632b0a853cc48d482cb82023ee9093a5306a2a9530c" } }, { "id": "26f92d8772", "word": "前例", "reading": "ぜんれい", "romaji": "zenrei", "meanings": [ "precedent" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1394190, "examples": [ { "ja": "このような問題の前例はない。", "furigana": "このような{問題|もんだい}の{前例|ぜんれい}はない。", "en": "There is no precedent for such a case.", "tatoeba_id": 223076 }, { "ja": "彼は前例のない機会をとらえた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{前例|ぜんれい}のない{機会|きかい}をとらえた。", "en": "He seized on the unprecedented opportunity.", "tatoeba_id": 102967 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0a34d1674464acdbcf953f332637e60c4887c6676c169617ce679c849fe59df5", "meanings": [ "先例" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このような問題の前例はない。", "zh": "这样的问题没有先例。" }, { "ja": "彼は前例のない機会をとらえた。", "zh": "他抓住了前所未有的机会。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/26f92d8772", "JMdict ent_seq 1394190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5f23ad74800b770ddb65f1ad296725b3cb92dc9f509e82802d8fb3e0525e241d" } }, { "id": "3931046230", "word": "沿い", "reading": "ぞい", "romaji": "zoi", "meanings": [ "along" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1610080, "examples": [ { "ja": "船は海岸沿いに航行していた。", "furigana": "{船|ふね}は{海岸|かいがん}{沿|ぞ}いに{航行|こうこう}していた。", "en": "The ship sailed along the coast.", "tatoeba_id": 141136 }, { "ja": "通り沿いに木が植えられている。", "furigana": "{通|とお}り{沿|ぞ}いに{木|き}が{植|う}えられている。", "en": "Trees are planted along the street.", "tatoeba_id": 125589 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "db42af95408450ef822da7b38818b2d356aa835edd7f01d1c9a8df7aa22ed19c", "meanings": [ "沿着" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "船は海岸沿いに航行していた。", "zh": "船沿着海岸航行。" }, { "ja": "通り沿いに木が植えられている。", "zh": "街道两旁种着树。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3931046230", "JMdict ent_seq 1610080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f8dba7380d11251472ab8b048f098caf0a9eefbfb37603a22c459824338dc5e0" } }, { "id": "cea7557355", "word": "沿う", "reading": "そう", "romaji": "sou", "meanings": [ "to run along", "to follow" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1176700, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは川に沿って散歩した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちは{川|かわ}に{沿|そ}って{散歩|さんぽ}した。", "en": "We took a walk along the river.", "tatoeba_id": 165529 }, { "ja": "通りに沿って桜が植えられている。", "furigana": "{通|とお}りに{沿|そ}って{桜|さくら}が{植|う}えられている。", "en": "Cherry trees are planted along the street.", "tatoeba_id": 125644 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bdb2429d846796bff8be12763c0b4375483f3abda6b7b68c075f29a6fc1ea8fa", "meanings": [ "沿着", "遵循" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは川に沿って散歩した。", "zh": "我们沿着河散步。" }, { "ja": "通りに沿って桜が植えられている。", "zh": "街道两旁种着樱花树。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cea7557355", "JMdict ent_seq 1176700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9a2967d37f22af1e5598e212f077c43433f6e552ca02f316dc9bd58a3a68e8e4" } }, { "id": "4a1cdc1692", "word": "僧", "reading": "そう", "romaji": "sou", "meanings": [ "monk", "priest" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1398030, "examples": [ { "ja": "その僧は子供たちの遊びに参加した。", "furigana": "その{僧|そう}は{子供|こども}たちの{遊|あそ}びに{参加|さんか}した。", "en": "The priest participated in the children's game.", "tatoeba_id": 208376 }, { "ja": "村人はみなかわるがわる僧にあいさつした。", "furigana": "{村人|むらびと}はみなかわるがわる{僧|そう}にあいさつした。", "en": "All the villagers in turn saluted the priest.", "tatoeba_id": 138887 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b4e8352e7be1ce02121d9241776e1675ebc6406401e21abe3338c344b7862717", "meanings": [ "僧人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その僧は子供たちの遊びに参加した。", "zh": "那位僧人参加了孩子们的游戏。" }, { "ja": "村人はみなかわるがわる僧にあいさつした。", "zh": "村民们轮流向僧人问候。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4a1cdc1692", "JMdict ent_seq 1398030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0f38b4c33833173dc62a06698cf150e82d76697585643eb0e5f1139867e2b9af" } }, { "id": "d3548d2342", "word": "総", "reading": "そう", "romaji": "sou", "meanings": [ "whole", "all", "general", "gross" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1401470, "examples": [ { "ja": "総入れ歯にする必要があります。", "furigana": "{総|そう}{入|い}れ{歯|ば}にする{必要|ひつよう}があります。", "en": "You have to have a full denture.", "tatoeba_id": 140310 }, { "ja": "総入れ歯にはしたくないのです。", "furigana": "{総|そう}{入|い}れ{歯|ば}にはしたくないのです。", "en": "I don't want to get a full denture.", "tatoeba_id": 140309 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1a217a18cbacb0c3b87caea717748e14307796d9d5b9c24a9c65c49f7e95a475", "meanings": [ "总", "全部" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "総入れ歯にする必要があります。", "zh": "需要装全口假牙。" }, { "ja": "総入れ歯にはしたくないのです。", "zh": "我不想装全口假牙。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d3548d2342", "JMdict ent_seq 1401470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1824409405a2f1d45c84e544b28c9f8135c9d6ee6ba3a753242da1a59bcdf150" } }, { "id": "88225a496f", "word": "添う", "reading": "そう", "romaji": "sou", "meanings": [ "to accompany", "to become married", "to comply with" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1440810, "examples": [ { "ja": "残念ながら、御要望にはそいかねます。", "furigana": "{残念|ざんねん}ながら、{御|ご}{要望|ようぼう}にはそいかねます。", "en": "I am sorry, but I cannot meet your requirement.", "tatoeba_id": 169247 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "78f14ffab16f8966bb5d9d6470f83e5fff4c420e80cb2ad074870fb671b014f1", "meanings": [ "符合", "陪伴" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "残念ながら、御要望にはそいかねます。", "zh": "很遗憾，我们无法满足您的要求。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/88225a496f", "JMdict ent_seq 1440810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e3d414e67bbe088fe3b5f8f3f274094ffce9cda79c7c8e017752f0c1e861bda8" } }, { "id": "ddd21016f5", "word": "像", "reading": "ぞう", "romaji": "zou", "meanings": [ "statue", "image", "figure", "picture", "portrait" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1403110, "examples": [ { "ja": "その像は型に入れられて作られた。", "furigana": "その{像|ぞう}は{型|かた}に{入|い}れられて{作|つく}られた。", "en": "The statue was cast in a mold.", "tatoeba_id": 208331 }, { "ja": "その像は石を刻んで作ったものだ。", "furigana": "その{像|ぞう}は{石|いし}を{刻|きざ}んで{作|つく}ったものだ。", "en": "The statue is carved out of stone.", "tatoeba_id": 208328 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c5e78b365e564106537509ecc700ca2d8fe1a44c997a3cf8e86db3ed11ba34ab", "meanings": [ "像", "形象" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その像は型に入れられて作られた。", "zh": "那座像是用模具做出来的。" }, { "ja": "その像は石を刻んで作ったものだ。", "zh": "那座像是用石头雕刻的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ddd21016f5", "JMdict ent_seq 1403110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ca3c72df5e89513665ac509879f8ddd08fc9f8ba2580094291a04b90e968bbc4" } }, { "id": "d5031a76b9", "word": "相応", "reading": "そうおう", "romaji": "souou", "meanings": [ "suitability", "fitness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adj-no", "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1400840, "examples": [ { "ja": "収入相応の暮らしをしなさい。", "en": "Try to live within your means.", "tatoeba_id": 148274 }, { "ja": "彼女は大人だから、それ相応に扱うべきだ。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{大人|おとな}だから、それ{相応|そうおう}に{扱|あつか}うべきだ。", "en": "She is an adult, so you should treat her accordingly.", "tatoeba_id": 88013 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "05f983e514610ed2b54d0f38a9080c72b715244481840238429d963184a87405", "meanings": [ "相称", "相应" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "収入相応の暮らしをしなさい。", "zh": "要过与收入相称的生活。" }, { "ja": "彼女は大人だから、それ相応に扱うべきだ。", "zh": "她是成年人，应该给予相应对待。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d5031a76b9", "JMdict ent_seq 1400840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cc50fd71b132b66d5b5f69f3458eb9a9348c881e34dc5f48ccbe938408d95119" } }, { "id": "6e4b411496", "word": "総会", "reading": "そうかい", "romaji": "soukai", "meanings": [ "general meeting" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1401490, "examples": [ { "ja": "１０月に総会を開催すべきだという提案があった。", "en": "There was a suggestion that the general meeting should take place in October.", "tatoeba_id": 236065 }, { "ja": "多数の会員が総会に出席した。", "en": "A lot of members assisted at the general meeting.", "tatoeba_id": 138275 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "84ca97882249954dd9ff3b80ad921469e634df7e505829fa560f07423654df7c", "meanings": [ "大会" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "１０月に総会を開催すべきだという提案があった。", "zh": "有人提议十月召开大会。" }, { "ja": "多数の会員が総会に出席した。", "zh": "很多会员出席了大会。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6e4b411496", "JMdict ent_seq 1401490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e38cca6d5a993f79c4553523991261c416ff38dde04a173e7057e0070acd166e" } }, { "id": "de7656dc28", "word": "創刊", "reading": "そうかん", "romaji": "soukan", "meanings": [ "launching (e.g. newspaper)", "first issue" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1398320, "examples": [ { "ja": "この雑誌は昨年創刊された。", "en": "This magazine was launched last year." }, { "ja": "彼らは新しい新聞を創刊することにした。", "en": "They decided to launch a new newspaper." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c98c898c5bbdef669a61a75576c620044a497340395ed9aede5dbe6083f7432a", "meanings": [ "创刊" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この雑誌は昨年創刊された。", "zh": "这份杂志于去年创刊。" }, { "ja": "彼らは新しい新聞を創刊することにした。", "zh": "他们决定创办一份新报纸。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/de7656dc28", "JMdict ent_seq 1398320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3cc8016e225e0cdc65634ebefd44f54be17894d980c394568eb24dd67db8265a" } }, { "id": "bcb48bd662", "word": "早急", "reading": "そうきゅう", "romaji": "soukyuu", "meanings": [ "urgent" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1581270, "other_readings": [ "さっきゅう" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この問題は早急に手を打つ必要がある。", "en": "Something must be done immediately to deal with this problem.", "tatoeba_id": 219368 }, { "ja": "この件について早急に調べてください。", "en": "Please look into this matter as soon as you can.", "tatoeba_id": 222153 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d2d01842fd465348bffbdbeed8c66cf8356a0458d2f4dda879b2c5784d6f6003", "meanings": [ "尽快", "紧急" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この問題は早急に手を打つ必要がある。", "zh": "这个问题需要尽快采取措施。" }, { "ja": "この件について早急に調べてください。", "zh": "请尽快调查此事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bcb48bd662", "JMdict ent_seq 1581270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cd921ca515167eaca46621e9ca3ada03e70e2f337e60844c64961c317b800e56" } }, { "id": "5e17635f80", "word": "増強", "reading": "ぞうきょう", "romaji": "zoukyou", "meanings": [ "augment", "reinforce", "increase" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1403190, "examples": [ { "ja": "語彙力を増強したい。", "furigana": "{語彙力|ごいりょく}を{増強|ぞうきょう}したい。", "en": "I want to build up my vocabulary.", "tatoeba_id": 157190 }, { "ja": "新大統領は軍を増強したいと思っている。", "furigana": "{新|しん}{大統領|だいとうりょう}は{軍|ぐん}を{増強|ぞうきょう}したいと{思|おも}っている。", "en": "The new president wants to build up the army.", "tatoeba_id": 145224 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "210d49ee7cfd0e2b9175f08240fd0a98bd70c8ab4216a45b0660d63994600f35", "meanings": [ "增强" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "語彙力を増強したい。", "zh": "我想增强词汇能力。" }, { "ja": "新大統領は軍を増強したいと思っている。", "zh": "新总统想增强军力。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5e17635f80", "JMdict ent_seq 1403190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f3db6fef6e652a0149b33a7703a50caa6fa35ee2b02382a480937148f4542efb" } }, { "id": "34fe80df0d", "word": "送金", "reading": "そうきん", "romaji": "soukin", "meanings": [ "remittance", "sending money" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1402750, "examples": [ { "ja": "フランスへの送金の仕方を教えて欲しいんですが。", "furigana": "フランスへの{送金|そうきん}の{仕方|しかた}を{教|おし}えて{欲|ほ}しいんですが。", "en": "I'd like to know how to send money to France.", "tatoeba_id": 196993 }, { "ja": "なるべく早く、全額をご送金くださるようお願いします。", "furigana": "なるべく{早|はや}く、{全額|ぜんがく}をご{送金|そうきん}くださるようお{願|ねが}いします。", "en": "May we ask you to remit the settlement in full at your earliest convenience?", "tatoeba_id": 199060 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "96dc56e2ec9ce0429e05cbeeb34e268dd27689627c0d33ab0dfc6fe089e60b0c", "meanings": [ "汇款" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "フランスへの送金の仕方を教えて欲しいんですが。", "zh": "请告诉我怎样向法国汇款。" }, { "ja": "なるべく早く、全額をご送金くださるようお願いします。", "zh": "请尽快汇付全款。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/34fe80df0d", "JMdict ent_seq 1402750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a1f757b4a7d8992f3c2f2d62a7e41f46ccb89bb0671af91c3d982eef9ae361c4" } }, { "id": "ace5e437d1", "word": "走行", "reading": "そうこう", "romaji": "soukou", "meanings": [ "running a wheeled vehicle (e.g. car)", "traveling" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1402550, "examples": [ { "ja": "走行中の箱乗りはご遠慮下さい！", "en": "Please don't lean out of the window when we're moving.", "tatoeba_id": 75916 }, { "ja": "走行マイルで料金が加算されますか。", "furigana": "{走行|そうこう}マイルで{料金|りょうきん}が{加算|かさん}されますか。", "en": "Is there a mileage charge?", "tatoeba_id": 140277 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "52743efb7a2ea40940c2bc5917c78c3457303ade78fb6ce39b90feb431f837fe", "meanings": [ "行驶" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "走行中の箱乗りはご遠慮下さい！", "zh": "行驶中请不要把身体探出车外！" }, { "ja": "走行マイルで料金が加算されますか。", "zh": "按行驶里程加收费用吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ace5e437d1", "JMdict ent_seq 1402550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "280baa2031931055d142e6173606760c5dfc44d6f93b53d52cf56483d81e4065" } }, { "id": "d56a31e7af", "word": "総合", "reading": "そうごう", "romaji": "sougou", "meanings": [ "synthesis", "coordination", "putting together", "integration", "composite" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1596380, "examples": [ { "ja": "このプロダクトはインテリジェント総合情報システムです。", "en": "This product is an intelligent integrated information system.", "tatoeba_id": 76752 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7acf8979322a2baa1eeb948a8f2cdf798d0d4021752c5317ee18b41731480ea9", "meanings": [ "综合" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このプロダクトはインテリジェント総合情報システムです。", "zh": "这个产品是智能综合信息系统。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d56a31e7af", "JMdict ent_seq 1596380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fab4a86e531a53ec66fd483aae5de530751b66571d4d746c14cc11ee01f46f7b" } }, { "id": "391eb7d396", "word": "捜査", "reading": "そうさ", "romaji": "sousa", "meanings": [ "search (esp. in criminal investigations)", "investigation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1399660, "examples": [ { "ja": "警察は事件の捜査をした。", "furigana": "{警察|けいさつ}は{事件|じけん}の{捜査|そうさ}をした。", "en": "The police looked into that incident.", "tatoeba_id": 176173 }, { "ja": "捜査を立ち消えにしてほしくない。", "furigana": "{捜査|そうさ}を{立|た}ち{消|ぎ}えにしてほしくない。", "en": "I don't want the investigation to burn out.", "tatoeba_id": 140589 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5406cf4efea94257ae24ef2be70c07b31d11d89b2ffe86f40a0a3d59faec0b6c", "meanings": [ "搜查" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "警察は事件の捜査をした。", "zh": "警方调查了案件。" }, { "ja": "捜査を立ち消えにしてほしくない。", "zh": "我不希望调查不了了之。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/391eb7d396", "JMdict ent_seq 1399660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a41b739a64e26300914ccb3dfd283c308342aba5a74c206730a2eeffd6888196" } }, { "id": "f5560c3e59", "word": "捜索", "reading": "そうさく", "romaji": "sousaku", "meanings": [ "search (esp. for someone or something missing)", "investigation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1399690, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは散開して森の中を捜索した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちは{散開|さんかい}して{森|もり}の{中|なか}を{捜索|そうさく}した。", "en": "We spread out and began to search through the woods.", "tatoeba_id": 165743 }, { "ja": "彼は行方不明の母の捜索に着手した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{行方不明|ゆくえふめい}の{母|はは}の{捜索|そうさく}に{着手|ちゃくしゅ}した。", "en": "He set out to find his lost mother.", "tatoeba_id": 107318 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "015e4564dea0421d3a4c8f2cacb7edc50c20bf939df5946320aafd7116bfee40", "meanings": [ "搜寻", "搜索" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは散開して森の中を捜索した。", "zh": "我们散开在森林里搜索。" }, { "ja": "彼は行方不明の母の捜索に着手した。", "zh": "他开始寻找失踪的母亲。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f5560c3e59", "JMdict ent_seq 1399690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "175a1167292573b3129202f1236091900988eddb9aa82d6f351be7e7911a9b57" } }, { "id": "89d4b97740", "word": "操縦", "reading": "そうじゅう", "romaji": "soujuu", "meanings": [ "management", "handling", "control", "manipulation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1400080, "examples": [ { "ja": "ジェット機では不注意な操縦は許されない。", "en": "A jet airliner does not admit of careless handling.", "tatoeba_id": 216399 }, { "ja": "実際に飛行機を操縦したのですか。", "furigana": "{実際|じっさい}に{飛行機|ひこうき}を{操縦|そうじゅう}したのですか。", "en": "Did you really fly the plane?", "tatoeba_id": 149320 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f98c9eb5bd1433e63ccb7de4fc1bcba82eeb209a3e194d4c11ab750de8264196", "meanings": [ "驾驶", "操纵" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ジェット機では不注意な操縦は許されない。", "zh": "驾驶喷气式飞机时不允许粗心。" }, { "ja": "実際に飛行機を操縦したのですか。", "zh": "你真的驾驶过飞机吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/89d4b97740", "JMdict ent_seq 1400080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "441736f659be65072b71a8bf94d448e6bfa4248da5e4efb78147bb512c082d49" } }, { "id": "689b74b685", "word": "蔵相", "reading": "ぞうしょう", "romaji": "zoushou", "meanings": [ "Minister of Finance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1403520, "examples": [ { "ja": "蔵相が会議で発言した。", "en": "The finance minister spoke at the meeting." }, { "ja": "蔵相は予算案を説明した。", "en": "The finance minister explained the budget proposal." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "36f7bc522ae6e802f4da8787b15591bd03c9551f4d11cfdd605e9e1f09d96af3", "meanings": [ "大藏大臣" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "蔵相が会議で発言した。", "zh": "大藏大臣在会上发言。" }, { "ja": "蔵相は予算案を説明した。", "zh": "大藏大臣说明了预算方案。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/689b74b685", "JMdict ent_seq 1403520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "954d7e9e880e16ea0834bb3a32b06f988d88e4ad539c4096c2d1540f662ad252", "notes": "日本旧称“大藏大臣”的简称。" } }, { "id": "cfd7167d0f", "word": "装飾", "reading": "そうしょく", "romaji": "soushoku", "meanings": [ "ornament" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1402340, "examples": [ { "ja": "その部屋は装飾を凝らしている。", "furigana": "その{部屋|へや}は{装飾|そうしょく}を{凝|こ}らしている。", "en": "The room is richly ornamented.", "tatoeba_id": 206944 }, { "ja": "その絵は装飾の施された額に入れられた。", "furigana": "その{絵|え}は{装飾|そうしょく}の{施|ほどこ}された{額|がく}に{入|い}れられた。", "en": "The drawing was mounted in a fancy frame.", "tatoeba_id": 211715 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7cf00f5322366d4124e5ce1ff401caff0ee8afb375c1739f43376181d8d94e17", "meanings": [ "装饰" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その部屋は装飾を凝らしている。", "zh": "那个房间装饰得很精致。" }, { "ja": "その絵は装飾の施された額に入れられた。", "zh": "那幅画装在装饰精美的画框里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cfd7167d0f", "JMdict ent_seq 1402340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f8b444ddc1a5806bd7cd3eb252ae6131cc2163c77f2d77e705c8b046bd50d32b" } }, { "id": "db2908b25c", "word": "増進", "reading": "ぞうしん", "romaji": "zoushin", "meanings": [ "promoting", "increase", "advance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1403270, "examples": [ { "ja": "新鮮な野菜は健康を増進する。", "en": "Fresh vegetables promote health.", "tatoeba_id": 145227 }, { "ja": "彼は水泳によって健康を増進させた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{水泳|すいえい}によって{健康|けんこう}を{増進|ぞうしん}させた。", "en": "He has built up his health through swimming.", "tatoeba_id": 103489 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3ca47e42a5cf8e2a662e167b1a427bccbee4869558fb189bc249e6b8bdf3eaea", "meanings": [ "增进" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新鮮な野菜は健康を増進する。", "zh": "新鲜蔬菜有益健康。" }, { "ja": "彼は水泳によって健康を増進させた。", "zh": "他通过游泳增进健康。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/db2908b25c", "JMdict ent_seq 1403270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "17ea982ea7bc1527d13dcc16be12fb3dfd8b0c2c0fe713df079d8be2d7415c2e" } }, { "id": "1b16857a25", "word": "創造", "reading": "そうぞう", "romaji": "souzou", "meanings": [ "creation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1398560, "examples": [ { "ja": "神は自分の形に人を創造された。", "furigana": "{神|かみ}は{自分|じぶん}の{形|かたち}に{人|ひと}を{創造|そうぞう}された。", "en": "God created man in his own image.", "tatoeba_id": 144909 }, { "ja": "その芸術家は数多くの美しい絵を創造した。", "furigana": "その{芸術家|げいじゅつか}は{数多|かずおお}くの{美|うつく}しい{絵|え}を{創造|そうぞう}した。", "en": "That artist created a lot of beautiful pictures.", "tatoeba_id": 211173 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "eb808b703ef8319ff114016cdf72cce729f550b809828a0fb6db5362b0ee403e", "meanings": [ "创造" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "神は自分の形に人を創造された。", "zh": "神按照自己的形象创造了人。" }, { "ja": "その芸術家は数多くの美しい絵を創造した。", "zh": "那位艺术家创作了许多美丽的画作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1b16857a25", "JMdict ent_seq 1398560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3397ec2ff4623ba75bcb9e6fd42b6d21525531859801a2682f767364cb5e3645" } }, { "id": "157822a4e5", "word": "壮大", "reading": "そうだい", "romaji": "soudai", "meanings": [ "magnificent", "grand", "majestic", "splendid" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1399430, "examples": [ { "ja": "壮大な眺めですね。", "en": "It's a magnificent view, isn't it?", "tatoeba_id": 74778 }, { "ja": "その王室の結婚式は壮大な祭典であった。", "en": "The royal wedding was a magnificent occasion.", "tatoeba_id": 212179 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "50fee39c86e2a57d639d60b613d0fe6b5e1fb1720c1e4b319d065d5b23013167", "meanings": [ "壮丽", "宏大" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "壮大な眺めですね。", "zh": "景色真壮丽。" }, { "ja": "その王室の結婚式は壮大な祭典であった。", "zh": "那场王室婚礼是一场盛大的庆典。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/157822a4e5", "JMdict ent_seq 1399430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bb4e1e1a84fde7dbe9e5fc87528fc599d73ac7b5ae32624d38446937a0644df2" } }, { "id": "829881846f", "word": "騒動", "reading": "そうどう", "romaji": "soudou", "meanings": [ "strife", "riot", "rebellion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1403080, "examples": [ { "ja": "警察が騒動に介入した。", "furigana": "{警察|けいさつ}が{騒動|そうどう}に{介入|かいにゅう}した。", "en": "The police intervened in the disturbance.", "tatoeba_id": 176285 }, { "ja": "国民の怒りが噴出して騒動が繰り返された。", "furigana": "{国民|こくみん}の{怒|いか}りが{噴出|ふんしゅつ}して{騒動|そうどう}が{繰|く}り{返|かえ}された。", "en": "The anger of the people exploded, leading to a series of riots.", "tatoeba_id": 173028 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b91391334f811afc17dac9f07eba26d9ac2aedd3f15aad74c3be8e98254b0ca3", "meanings": [ "骚动", "纷争" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "警察が騒動に介入した。", "zh": "警方介入了骚乱。" }, { "ja": "国民の怒りが噴出して騒動が繰り返された。", "zh": "民众的愤怒爆发，骚乱一再发生。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/829881846f", "JMdict ent_seq 1403080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8a420501efb1c94d3b25c04b7ee4691c3f2ef74c429c41790886bc73c823a4b6" } }, { "id": "a1e36b55bb", "word": "遭難", "reading": "そうなん", "romaji": "sounan", "meanings": [ "disaster", "shipwreck", "accident" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1402900, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは山で遭難した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{山|やま}で{遭難|そうなん}した。", "en": "They met with an accident in the mountains.", "tatoeba_id": 97090 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "01b35a8db51d2cbcc230a308f3ff365fd1faf9f5246df3cd2fca59636b2402c5", "meanings": [ "遇险", "遭遇灾难" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは山で遭難した。", "zh": "他们在山中遇险。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a1e36b55bb", "JMdict ent_seq 1402900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "416dbe0421122ebd6b62181f183e3d8cfee045a483d77146f185d187df3a4f50", "notes": "指遭遇事故或灾难，并不必然表示死亡。" } }, { "id": "373d4aa9cc", "word": "相場", "reading": "そうば", "romaji": "souba", "meanings": [ "market price", "speculation", "estimation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1401070, "examples": [ { "ja": "そこ知らずの相場だ。", "furigana": "そこ{知|し}らずの{相場|そうば}だ。", "en": "The bottom has fallen out of the market.", "tatoeba_id": 213563 }, { "ja": "今は下がり相場だ。", "furigana": "{今|いま}は{下|さ}がり{相場|そうば}だ。", "en": "It's a bearish market now.", "tatoeba_id": 172664 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4e810eaaf118abdd4239161e91d383665cb496ec804be3fd3f68ada00cf43722", "meanings": [ "行情", "市价" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そこ知らずの相場だ。", "zh": "行情跌得深不见底。" }, { "ja": "今は下がり相場だ。", "zh": "现在是下跌行情。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/373d4aa9cc", "JMdict ent_seq 1401070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d15943ff05cf740b5f68989cd71dbf8504d327f7ac5d3089b229046ad11135ea" } }, { "id": "a00244f562", "word": "装備", "reading": "そうび", "romaji": "soubi", "meanings": [ "equipment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1402400, "examples": [ { "ja": "その船にはレーダーが装備されていた。", "furigana": "その{船|ふね}にはレーダーが{装備|そうび}されていた。", "en": "The boat was equipped with radar.", "tatoeba_id": 208455 }, { "ja": "私たちはスキーの装備を整えた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちはスキーの{装備|そうび}を{整|ととの}えた。", "en": "We fitted ourselves out for skiing.", "tatoeba_id": 166486 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b27eb824483f42eae088db6b147b4f8db8a663bbbd8fc0833f8250f959a56678", "meanings": [ "装备" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その船にはレーダーが装備されていた。", "zh": "那艘船配备了雷达。" }, { "ja": "私たちはスキーの装備を整えた。", "zh": "我们准备好了滑雪装备。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a00244f562", "JMdict ent_seq 1402400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7529977023624b22b7f2412a30781fff948c1341dc7b967ff560ef97a53c6ae7" } }, { "id": "e8937187a7", "word": "創立", "reading": "そうりつ", "romaji": "souritsu", "meanings": [ "establishment", "founding", "organization" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1398640, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちの学校は創立して５０年だ。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちの{学校|がっこう}は{創立|そうりつ}して５０{年|ねん}だ。", "en": "Our school is fifty years old.", "tatoeba_id": 167016 }, { "ja": "彼は５年前にその学校を創立した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は５{年|ねん}{前|まえ}にその{学校|がっこう}を{創立|そうりつ}した。", "en": "He founded the school five years ago.", "tatoeba_id": 115060 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "845b0babc52551713f64bcd3795a46ae9ac689f8327a75a52f5169b0c6d8527d", "meanings": [ "创立" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちの学校は創立して５０年だ。", "zh": "我们学校创立已经五十年了。" }, { "ja": "彼は５年前にその学校を創立した。", "zh": "他五年前创立了那所学校。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e8937187a7", "JMdict ent_seq 1398640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a0da6cda6204fdd31d0b51182ba3003d4fe4b5b31dca94ef2ae8695645a9ed92" } }, { "id": "a55a85577b", "word": "添える", "reading": "そえる", "romaji": "soeru", "meanings": [ "to add to", "to attach", "to append", "to accompany", "to garnish", "to imitate", "to annex" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1596490, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は花にきれいなカードを添えて彼女に送った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{花|はな}にきれいなカードを{添|そ}えて{彼女|かのじょ}に{送|おく}った。", "en": "He sent her some flowers, along with a pretty card.", "tatoeba_id": 109189 }, { "ja": "贈り物にはカードが添えられてあった。", "furigana": "{贈|おく}り{物|もの}にはカードが{添|そ}えられてあった。", "en": "A card was attached to the gift.", "tatoeba_id": 140223 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3987acbf9f136307f64cdecb85311bdc698f7f697756302f5ce4291de280aad1", "meanings": [ "附上", "添上" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は花にきれいなカードを添えて彼女に送った。", "zh": "他在花上附了一张漂亮的卡片送给她。" }, { "ja": "贈り物にはカードが添えられてあった。", "zh": "礼物上附着一张卡片。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a55a85577b", "JMdict ent_seq 1596490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3c84594547e274f21dbe566bebd1c13dc078ec0961fa0cda31a47023c44d57e3" } }, { "id": "ae9df9c93b", "word": "ソース", "reading": "ソース", "romaji": "soosu", "meanings": [ "source" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2843727, "examples": [ { "ja": "情報のソースを示してください。", "en": "Please identify the source of the information." }, { "ja": "プログラマーがソースを修正した。", "en": "The programmer modified the source code." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "50be820b74d0028d1e26d440c06d9a6748e1926c91519295c74e6a02db168b48", "meanings": [ "来源", "源代码" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "情報のソースを示してください。", "zh": "请说明信息来源。" }, { "ja": "プログラマーがソースを修正した。", "zh": "程序员修改了源代码。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ae9df9c93b", "JMdict ent_seq 2843727; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3b5b2a7167261f7b8a991f8269549222be123c23c1ac246e706759b6f579250d", "notes": "此词条指信息来源或源代码；表示酱汁的ソース来自另一英语词 sauce。" } }, { "id": "5eac5a540a", "word": "即座に", "reading": "そくざに", "romaji": "sokuzani", "meanings": [ "immediately", "right away" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1404190, "examples": [ { "ja": "警官は強盗犯を即座に逮捕しました。", "en": "The police arrested the burglar on the spot.", "tatoeba_id": 176351 }, { "ja": "消防士たちは即座に火事を消した。", "furigana": "{消防士|しょうぼうし}たちは{即座|そくざ}に{火事|かじ}を{消|け}した。", "en": "The firefighters put out the fire on the spot.", "tatoeba_id": 146401 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4ad905bc9b4bd9c6293d7f7986e5fd3827212e9c2e9276f37598f8073be0d9ca", "meanings": [ "立即", "当场" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "警官は強盗犯を即座に逮捕しました。", "zh": "警察立即逮捕了强盗。" }, { "ja": "消防士たちは即座に火事を消した。", "zh": "消防员立即扑灭了火。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5eac5a540a", "JMdict ent_seq 1404190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "80e3842598ab55f0faca8ad8f376e8e03f884f3ec859849b6ba77b784be3c3be" } }, { "id": "079f60c131", "word": "促進", "reading": "そくしん", "romaji": "sokushin", "meanings": [ "promotion", "acceleration", "encouragement", "facilitation", "spurring on" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1403780, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は平和を促進するために尽力した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{平和|へいわ}を{促進|そくしん}するために{尽力|じんりょく}した。", "en": "He worked hard to promote peace.", "tatoeba_id": 100166 }, { "ja": "貿易は諸国の発展を促進する。", "furigana": "{貿易|ぼうえき}は{諸国|しょこく}の{発展|はってん}を{促進|そくしん}する。", "en": "Trade helps nations develop.", "tatoeba_id": 82478 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "133e79e5544ec324a1f480de4ce3ddfb0776268e5175bcdc43e349235085e75b", "meanings": [ "促进" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は平和を促進するために尽力した。", "zh": "他为促进和平而努力。" }, { "ja": "貿易は諸国の発展を促進する。", "zh": "贸易促进各国发展。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/079f60c131", "JMdict ent_seq 1403780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bdcb49888e7df02c624e7cc78936ac4f8bf8ae9b67da6ca5bc7c9d725c1cd19e" } }, { "id": "457aa713b6", "word": "即する", "reading": "そくする", "romaji": "sokusuru", "meanings": [ "to conform to", "to agree with", "to be adapted to", "to be based on" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vs-s", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1404090, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の伝記は全くの事実に即して書かれたものだ。", "en": "His biography is quite true to life.", "tatoeba_id": 116459 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "436a44c594f9b55aa92265bb14c2219eea429764d02d5ec71835ed7b7b19e484", "meanings": [ "符合", "结合" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の伝記は全くの事実に即して書かれたものだ。", "zh": "他的传记完全根据事实写成。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/457aa713b6", "JMdict ent_seq 1404090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cb5bd355d5ca51ed0a0a490f603eda69cdfb8ed69edec161012858679d3724a8" } }, { "id": "437165030b", "word": "束縛", "reading": "そくばく", "romaji": "sokubaku", "meanings": [ "restraint", "shackles", "restriction", "confinement", "binding" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1404510, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は一つの会社に束縛されたくない。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{一|ひと}つの{会社|かいしゃ}に{束縛|そくばく}されたくない。", "en": "I don't want to be tied to one company.", "tatoeba_id": 158491 }, { "ja": "彼は人々を束縛から解放した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{人々|ひとびと}を{束縛|そくばく}から{解放|かいほう}した。", "en": "He liberated the people from bondage.", "tatoeba_id": 103548 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "badc26cc9ee0ed5fc8d7dbfee238b2d3333f2d2242790ddf46c848681b2d9d4f", "meanings": [ "束缚", "限制" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は一つの会社に束縛されたくない。", "zh": "我不想被一家公司束缚。" }, { "ja": "彼は人々を束縛から解放した。", "zh": "他使人们摆脱了束缚。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/437165030b", "JMdict ent_seq 1404510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "aee412fe59e635132ceb241ddcc6b5eda23ccf3933a29f4ba11fedc619258bac" } }, { "id": "0164f687ce", "word": "側面", "reading": "そくめん", "romaji": "sokumen", "meanings": [ "side", "flank", "sidelight", "lateral" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1404040, "examples": [ { "ja": "さらにまた、その話にはもうひとつの側面がある。", "furigana": "さらにまた、その{話|はなし}にはもうひとつの{側面|そくめん}がある。", "en": "Again, there is another side to the story.", "tatoeba_id": 216684 }, { "ja": "言語というのは思考を表現する手段であると同時に言語を用いて思考するという側面がある。", "furigana": "{言語|げんご}というのは{思考|しこう}を{表現|ひょうげん}する{手段|しゅだん}であると{同時|どうじ}に{言語|げんご}を{用|もち}いて{思考|しこう}するという{側面|そくめん}がある。", "en": "Language has, at the same time as being method of expressing one's thoughts, the side of being something used to think with.", "tatoeba_id": 75115 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5504df062b351499d0008c9a7d4c696ac724b5e963b96b294b44c955ab14c6aa", "meanings": [ "侧面", "方面" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "さらにまた、その話にはもうひとつの側面がある。", "zh": "此外，那件事还有另一个方面。" }, { "ja": "言語というのは思考を表現する手段であると同時に言語を用いて思考するという側面がある。", "zh": "语言既是表达思想的手段，也有用语言进行思考的一面。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0164f687ce", "JMdict ent_seq 1404040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "487515b4cf0371ee354b132fa35b735ee89cae9517209d11e76a249313efd5b4" } }, { "id": "7c0fdd7d4f", "word": "損なう", "reading": "そこなう", "romaji": "sokonau", "meanings": [ "to harm", "to hurt", "to injure", "to damage", "to fail in doing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1596510, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその手紙に返事を出し損なった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{手紙|てがみ}に{返事|へんじ}を{出|だ}し{損|そこ}なった。", "en": "He failed to answer the letter.", "tatoeba_id": 112698 }, { "ja": "夜更かししていると健康を損なうよ。", "furigana": "{夜更|よふ}かししていると{健康|けんこう}を{損|そこ}なうよ。", "en": "You must not stay up late, or you will hurt your health.", "tatoeba_id": 79695 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "57bb343d7cc41cd87eb37603c47114a37042a7e885de5f48e4de7ef5e8022017", "meanings": [ "损害", "错过" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその手紙に返事を出し損なった。", "zh": "他错过了回复那封信的机会。" }, { "ja": "夜更かししていると健康を損なうよ。", "zh": "熬夜会损害健康哦。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7c0fdd7d4f", "JMdict ent_seq 1596510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5041d0aa725aafd65654c5100dd725b3c0a45dea6b9dc9523f060d0063f5d18e" } }, { "id": "e2bac0fcd6", "word": "そこら", "reading": "そこら", "romaji": "sokora", "meanings": [ "everywhere", "somewhere", "approximately", "that area", "around there" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "pn" ], "jmdict_id": 1006720, "other_forms": [ "其処ら" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はそこらにいますか。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はそこらにいますか。", "en": "Is she anywhere about?", "tatoeba_id": 92630 }, { "ja": "どんなに一生懸命英語を勉強しても、一年やそこらではマスターできない。", "furigana": "どんなに{一生懸命|いっしょうけんめい}{英語|えいご}を{勉強|べんきょう}しても、{一年|いちねん}やそこらではマスターできない。", "en": "No matter how hard you may study English, you cannot master it in a year or so.", "tatoeba_id": 199546 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d80ea76186a8bdb23fc10bce5fc53a156211d15c85adfd350355a95c1967b572", "meanings": [ "那附近", "大约" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はそこらにいますか。", "zh": "她在附近吗？" }, { "ja": "どんなに一生懸命英語を勉強しても、一年やそこらではマスターできない。", "zh": "不管多努力学英语，一年左右也无法掌握。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e2bac0fcd6", "JMdict ent_seq 1006720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1acbdd539dd5b4325300ff4bf9b26f68ef45b23ab76ed8dd238e11f35474065c" } }, { "id": "abed633dee", "word": "素材", "reading": "そざい", "romaji": "sozai", "meanings": [ "raw materials", "subject matter" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1397220, "examples": [ { "ja": "この素材は決してすり減ったりしない。", "en": "This material never wears out.", "tatoeba_id": 220727 }, { "ja": "この水着は伸縮性のある素材でできている。", "furigana": "この{水着|みずぎ}は{伸縮性|しんしゅくせい}のある{素材|そざい}でできている。", "en": "This swimming suit is made of elastic material.", "tatoeba_id": 220963 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "56dca64dc22ac341dd4b902fad3e2eb26edb241660b25a7d7e4f60a85053c4d4", "meanings": [ "材料", "素材" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この素材は決してすり減ったりしない。", "zh": "这种材料绝不会磨损。" }, { "ja": "この水着は伸縮性のある素材でできている。", "zh": "这件泳衣用有弹性的材料制成。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/abed633dee", "JMdict ent_seq 1397220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "55ba0876484ff67e1ab7c33b47dfb49b8658a95fd786058f34cba961480acb3e" } }, { "id": "4fb12cffa9", "word": "阻止", "reading": "そし", "romaji": "soshi", "meanings": [ "obstruction", "check", "hindrance", "prevention", "interdiction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1397820, "examples": [ { "ja": "自然環境の悪化を阻止しましょう。", "furigana": "{自然環境|しぜんかんきょう}の{悪化|あっか}を{阻止|そし}しましょう。", "en": "Let's stop the deterioration of the natural environment.", "tatoeba_id": 150091 }, { "ja": "警察は街頭デモを阻止しようとした。", "furigana": "{警察|けいさつ}は{街頭|がいとう}デモを{阻止|そし}しようとした。", "en": "The police tried to stop the street demonstration.", "tatoeba_id": 176203 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "985d3da7ac322d94809b4e1e53f1cad1f2c6cb229defbc80dab7de164584f548", "meanings": [ "阻止" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "自然環境の悪化を阻止しましょう。", "zh": "让我们阻止自然环境恶化。" }, { "ja": "警察は街頭デモを阻止しようとした。", "zh": "警方试图阻止街头示威。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4fb12cffa9", "JMdict ent_seq 1397820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d6b5bd535952e5894a59b670a72b2431bcf2fcdd4d96f8d6ff4346f55af1fb7e" } }, { "id": "7bb825a77f", "word": "訴訟", "reading": "そしょう", "romaji": "soshou", "meanings": [ "litigation", "lawsuit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1397740, "examples": [ { "ja": "その訴訟の判事は公平ではなかった。", "furigana": "その{訴訟|そしょう}の{判事|はんじ}は{公平|こうへい}ではなかった。", "en": "The judge in the case was not fair.", "tatoeba_id": 208377 }, { "ja": "法廷はその訴訟に判決を下した。", "furigana": "{法廷|ほうてい}はその{訴訟|そしょう}に{判決|はんけつ}を{下|くだ}した。", "en": "The court judged the case.", "tatoeba_id": 82681 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "eb7067def9b534098708cad33a6921e16df60f22273ae4762e5d92b3ac0ddca6", "meanings": [ "诉讼" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その訴訟の判事は公平ではなかった。", "zh": "那场诉讼的法官不公正。" }, { "ja": "法廷はその訴訟に判決を下した。", "zh": "法院对那起诉讼作出了判决。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7bb825a77f", "JMdict ent_seq 1397740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3aae67bfa6bcb3aba041f42ec70b6b32a1f37cf69fcee1e3b427b3f9e630c458" } }, { "id": "f10cd927a7", "word": "育ち", "reading": "そだち", "romaji": "sodachi", "meanings": [ "breeding", "growth" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1160520, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は生まれも育ちも東京だ。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{生|う}まれも{育|そだ}ちも{東京|とうきょう}だ。", "en": "I was born and raised in Tokyo.", "tatoeba_id": 155548 }, { "ja": "彼は生まれも育ちもいい人だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{生|う}まれも{育|そだ}ちもいい{人|ひと}だ。", "en": "He is a man of birth and breeding.", "tatoeba_id": 103221 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "29f41db39465e40653257ccda3c6f912b3725592dfbf67da40e4b04c368f6254", "meanings": [ "成长", "教养" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は生まれも育ちも東京だ。", "zh": "我生于东京，长于东京。" }, { "ja": "彼は生まれも育ちもいい人だ。", "zh": "他的出身和教养都很好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f10cd927a7", "JMdict ent_seq 1160520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "242bf381783684cf4ecf1dd50efa40458bb5dda10476f483724618b6304cc701" } }, { "id": "116afb9f88", "word": "措置", "reading": "そち", "romaji": "sochi", "meanings": [ "measure", "step" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1396530, "examples": [ { "ja": "手後れにならないうちに、必要な措置を取るべきです。", "en": "We should take the necessary steps before it's too late.", "tatoeba_id": 148595 }, { "ja": "適切なときに適切な措置を講ずるべきです。", "en": "You should take the appropriate measures at the appropriate time.", "tatoeba_id": 125289 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "265923cccefbb1c3f8514fccab95e5b079a2e616180147ede66a443108eb9b78", "meanings": [ "措施" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "手後れにならないうちに、必要な措置を取るべきです。", "zh": "应当在太迟之前采取必要措施。" }, { "ja": "適切なときに適切な措置を講ずるべきです。", "zh": "应在适当时候采取适当措施。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/116afb9f88", "JMdict ent_seq 1396530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "58a5dffa6156551d7040284be1ebd8b342f4e0a2d7c7600416eac0b7b9246bcb" } }, { "id": "a1c09f1a02", "word": "ソックス", "reading": "ソックス", "romaji": "sokkusu", "meanings": [ "socks" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1075420, "examples": [ { "ja": "みんなソックスを引っ張り上げて。", "furigana": "みんなソックスを{引|ひ}っ{張|ぱ}り{上|あ}げて。", "en": "Everybody pulled their socks up, yeah.", "tatoeba_id": 194982 }, { "ja": "このナイロンソックスは、洗濯がきく。", "furigana": "このナイロンソックスは、{洗濯|せんたく}がきく。", "en": "These nylon socks wash well.", "tatoeba_id": 223422 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4ff3bbcd996a8bee6a7fe057c6259aa0f7efd99f74ab34513d090178be3b17dc", "meanings": [ "袜子" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "みんなソックスを引っ張り上げて。", "zh": "大家把袜子拉上来。" }, { "ja": "このナイロンソックスは、洗濯がきく。", "zh": "这双尼龙袜很耐洗。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a1c09f1a02", "JMdict ent_seq 1075420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cddfc4f535a9f67aebea3152e8a71da7a34ea4b1d874cceb2e37ca70ffcaac71" } }, { "id": "55c6c669a2", "word": "素っ気ない", "reading": "そっけない", "romaji": "sokkenai", "meanings": [ "cold", "short", "curt", "blunt" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1596550, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は彼を素っ気なくあしらった。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{彼|かれ}を{素|そ}っ{気|け}なくあしらった。", "en": "She turned up her nose at him.", "tatoeba_id": 87197 }, { "ja": "彼女はいつも私に素っ気ない。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はいつも{私|わたし}に{素|そ}っ{気|け}ない。", "en": "She always gives me the cold shoulder.", "tatoeba_id": 93278 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b769551f425e5cd2551dd4d62c512d1e87368d2875fb546ac16350e088ee1597", "meanings": [ "冷淡", "简慢" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は彼を素っ気なくあしらった。", "zh": "她冷淡地对待他。" }, { "ja": "彼女はいつも私に素っ気ない。", "zh": "她总是对我很冷淡。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/55c6c669a2", "JMdict ent_seq 1596550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "72069e250bcce23823c17383d1fa447577e76fe7de6c922789a416fef9097db0" } }, { "id": "3fb57d175d", "word": "そっぽ", "reading": "そっぽ", "romaji": "soppo", "meanings": [ "look (or turn) the other way" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1204110, "other_forms": [ "外方" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は眉をひそめてそっぽをむいた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{眉|まゆ}をひそめてそっぽをむいた。", "en": "He frowned and turned away.", "tatoeba_id": 100663 }, { "ja": "彼と会った時なぜそっぽを向いたのか。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}と{会|あ}った{時|とき}なぜそっぽを{向|む}いたのか。", "en": "Why did you turn away when you met him?", "tatoeba_id": 119207 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7467ca87807479451c028b01b0e2e89f68a8b22f14d91ae029855b0505711673", "meanings": [ "别处", "一旁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は眉をひそめてそっぽをむいた。", "zh": "他皱着眉头转过头去。" }, { "ja": "彼と会った時なぜそっぽを向いたのか。", "zh": "见到他时你为什么转过脸去？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3fb57d175d", "JMdict ent_seq 1204110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "82a1fe2c260b272e7f57f20900030ab1e43c362ef7fa23c0a1aa6008fd6c8bb7" } }, { "id": "47d96ccdae", "word": "備え付ける", "reading": "そなえつける", "romaji": "sonaetsukeru", "meanings": [ "to provide", "to furnish", "to equip", "to install" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1485650, "examples": [ { "ja": "その船はレーダーを備え付けていない。", "furigana": "その{船|ふね}はレーダーを{備|そな}え{付|つ}けていない。", "en": "The ship is not equipped with radar.", "tatoeba_id": 208440 }, { "ja": "職場に、自動販売機を備え付ける。", "furigana": "{職場|しょくば}に、{自動販売機|じどうはんばいき}を{備|そな}え{付|つ}ける。", "en": "Install a vending machine in our office.", "tatoeba_id": 145968 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0dde86fe3311affaec15ca22f0abbb788f9d507f9e36b65cfb54b1f31ddc2fae", "meanings": [ "安装", "配备" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その船はレーダーを備え付けていない。", "zh": "那艘船没有配备雷达。" }, { "ja": "職場に、自動販売機を備え付ける。", "zh": "在工作场所安装自动售货机。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/47d96ccdae", "JMdict ent_seq 1485650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fe3fda240aa2c10a1a3b87032347bc1e029aa22ea7c481e0083de2c35a2c3ce2" } }, { "id": "471f1554af", "word": "備わる", "reading": "そなわる", "romaji": "sonawaru", "meanings": [ "to be furnished with", "to be endowed with", "to possess", "to be among", "to be one of", "to be possessed of" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1596640, "examples": [ { "ja": "このホテルには体育館とプールが備わっている。", "furigana": "このホテルには{体育館|たいいくかん}とプールが{備|そな}わっている。", "en": "This hotel has a gym and a swimming pool.", "tatoeba_id": 223162 }, { "ja": "彼には権力も能力も備わっている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}には{権力|けんりょく}も{能力|のうりょく}も{備|そな}わっている。", "en": "He has got both authority and ability.", "tatoeba_id": 118865 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6d985c69ff5c372359b6e34909605bf26308e5f5947fdb0e52bb489a742cc408", "meanings": [ "具备", "配备" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このホテルには体育館とプールが備わっている。", "zh": "这家酒店配有健身房和游泳池。" }, { "ja": "彼には権力も能力も備わっている。", "zh": "他既有权力也有能力。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/471f1554af", "JMdict ent_seq 1596640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "274eef1114207a7b275312bf553fe210ef09fbfeaa2843053d7cd07041ff9b01" } }, { "id": "475970fb6d", "word": "聳える", "reading": "そびえる", "romaji": "sobieru", "meanings": [ "to rise", "to tower", "to soar" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1570770, "examples": [ { "ja": "その峰は雲の上にそびえている。", "furigana": "その{峰|みね}は{雲|くも}の{上|うえ}にそびえている。", "en": "The peak rises above the clouds.", "tatoeba_id": 206776 }, { "ja": "その山は平原の上高くそびえている。", "en": "The mountain rises above the plain.", "tatoeba_id": 210440 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1e5aea2417dee644be6cdb5715bf8ffcb19a54a6889b335971bcea17e5776823", "meanings": [ "耸立" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その峰は雲の上にそびえている。", "zh": "那座山峰耸立在云端之上。" }, { "ja": "その山は平原の上高くそびえている。", "zh": "那座山高耸于平原之上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/475970fb6d", "JMdict ent_seq 1570770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ee76bc3341f0d8680532fa73a18b0cc059c72ed2d4befa02187ad2b3ab55cb39" } }, { "id": "17426e635b", "word": "素朴", "reading": "そぼく", "romaji": "soboku", "meanings": [ "simplicity", "artlessness", "naivete" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1397390, "examples": [ { "ja": "素朴な疑問なんだけど、・・・トラとライオンはどっちが強いの？", "en": "This may be a silly question, but which is stronger - a tiger or a lion?", "tatoeba_id": 74814 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cdf55765be940820006c17e815d4a487a03ff838a9c99970c91383e36d72a0b2", "meanings": [ "朴素", "单纯" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "素朴な疑問なんだけど、・・・トラとライオンはどっちが強いの？", "zh": "我有个简单的问题：老虎和狮子哪个更强？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/17426e635b", "JMdict ent_seq 1397390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d0537231e7568a0fd4837b78eb8c18eb7bae2b7dd63276132ef90834f062f144" } }, { "id": "4d13045508", "word": "染まる", "reading": "そまる", "romaji": "somaru", "meanings": [ "to dye" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1391100, "examples": [ { "ja": "悪習に染まるのは簡単だ。", "furigana": "{悪習|あくしゅう}に{染|そ}まるのは{簡単|かんたん}だ。", "en": "It's easy to fall into bad habits.", "tatoeba_id": 191413 }, { "ja": "君も社風に染まっている。", "furigana": "{君|きみ}も{社風|しゃふう}に{染|そ}まっている。", "en": "You're taking on the company style.", "tatoeba_id": 176798 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "875be189b694ac097bb7d98f0f0dc2ae1a0bbe34a0364e95770ffa291d585927", "meanings": [ "染上", "受影响" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "悪習に染まるのは簡単だ。", "zh": "染上坏习惯很容易。" }, { "ja": "君も社風に染まっている。", "zh": "你也受到了公司风气的影响。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4d13045508", "JMdict ent_seq 1391100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5f331db624315eead3ac2731ce76f3feb0c178d534226d135d450dc08125181b" } }, { "id": "685742984b", "word": "背く", "reading": "そむく", "romaji": "somuku", "meanings": [ "to run counter to", "to go against", "to disobey", "to infringe" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1472680, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は親の意に背いて歌手になった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{親|おや}の{意|い}に{背|そむ}いて{歌手|かしゅ}になった。", "en": "He became a singer against his parents wishes.", "tatoeba_id": 103684 }, { "ja": "住民は当事者に背いた。", "furigana": "{住民|じゅうみん}は{当事者|とうじしゃ}に{背|そむ}いた。", "en": "The inhabitants rebelled against the ruler.", "tatoeba_id": 148076 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a9877de8e5e70b2ff20ed6973d9050e56622aa40027258272b061fb775e25aa1", "meanings": [ "违背", "反抗" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は親の意に背いて歌手になった。", "zh": "他违背父母意愿，成了歌手。" }, { "ja": "住民は当事者に背いた。", "zh": "居民反抗了当事人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/685742984b", "JMdict ent_seq 1472680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a942ae4f09d92e520102f092acae957c14c4ab8eb99bc1cd85f9cd709b3e5e50" } }, { "id": "bfe9940eaa", "word": "染める", "reading": "そめる", "romaji": "someru", "meanings": [ "to dye", "to colour" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1391160, "examples": [ { "ja": "この織物を染めて欲しいのです。", "furigana": "この{織物|おりもの}を{染|そ}めて{欲|ほ}しいのです。", "en": "I'd like to have this fabric dyed.", "tatoeba_id": 221063 }, { "ja": "彼女は白いスカートを赤く染めた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{白|しろ}いスカートを{赤|あか}く{染|そ}めた。", "en": "She dyed her white skirt red.", "tatoeba_id": 87548 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "21d4dc1229b0630066ec55a7af660e3a0ef777b0c0b2b79b33a1069fef2b4779", "meanings": [ "染色" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この織物を染めて欲しいのです。", "zh": "我想请你把这块织物染色。" }, { "ja": "彼女は白いスカートを赤く染めた。", "zh": "她把白色裙子染成了红色。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bfe9940eaa", "JMdict ent_seq 1391160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2bd2da0ee2035757443f89f85a33e596f050d3758dca011b6be8e9117dc7cf3f" } }, { "id": "fd303281db", "word": "逸らす", "reading": "そらす", "romaji": "sorasu", "meanings": [ "to turn away", "to avert" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1167650, "examples": [ { "ja": "わたしの気を仕事からそらさないでください。", "furigana": "わたしの{気|き}を{仕事|しごと}からそらさないでください。", "en": "Please don't take my mind off the work.", "tatoeba_id": 191903 }, { "ja": "勉強から僕の気をそらさないでくれ。", "furigana": "{勉強|べんきょう}から{僕|ぼく}の{気|き}をそらさないでくれ。", "en": "Don't distract me from studying.", "tatoeba_id": 83325 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1139b9327c9654471e95b9242307fe9d28e5210ed339811e957cef3ba0526910", "meanings": [ "转移", "移开" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "わたしの気を仕事からそらさないでください。", "zh": "请不要让我工作分心。" }, { "ja": "勉強から僕の気をそらさないでくれ。", "zh": "别让我学习分心。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fd303281db", "JMdict ent_seq 1167650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8bfb6814641bed631e1338d52d76915a0656b0498e173e2e4d675784b50c9a4b" } }, { "id": "71ea9ed1fe", "word": "反り", "reading": "そり", "romaji": "sori", "meanings": [ "warp", "curvature", "curve", "arch" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1480110, "examples": [ { "ja": "板に少し反りがある。", "en": "The board has a slight warp." }, { "ja": "刀の反りが美しい。", "en": "The curve of the sword is beautiful." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b652114547bd4ab98707225826cfc7820fb03caeb4226f817def798d8c9dd7d8", "meanings": [ "弯曲", "弧度" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "板に少し反りがある。", "zh": "木板有些翘曲。" }, { "ja": "刀の反りが美しい。", "zh": "刀身的弧度很美。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/71ea9ed1fe", "JMdict ent_seq 1480110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cef0b6dc43709174a75a343ed6011274127bc0629c65f065c0cffe3684084c4c" } }, { "id": "b2fea90627", "word": "其れ共", "reading": "それとも", "romaji": "soretomo", "meanings": [ "or", "or else" ], "level": "N1", "examples": [ { "ja": "お茶にしますか、それともコーヒーにしますか。", "en": "Would you like tea or coffee?" }, { "ja": "明日行きますか、それとも明後日にしますか。", "en": "Will you go tomorrow or the day after tomorrow?" } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f6a26c70a6e014f0c2e2c419b8eed70289364f81dc07b82215aae9a66f1df0bb", "meanings": [ "还是", "或者" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "お茶にしますか、それともコーヒーにしますか。", "zh": "你喝茶还是咖啡？" }, { "ja": "明日行きますか、それとも明後日にしますか。", "zh": "明天去，还是后天去？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b2fea90627", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d8dcb30a3d27fb4af62f2ea8aa1b412e1b7ad28af36b37d4f2952592c1212102" } }, { "id": "5d1b7e0ebd", "word": "其れ故", "reading": "それゆえ", "romaji": "soreyue", "meanings": [ "therefore", "for that reason", "so" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "conj" ], "jmdict_id": 1406080, "examples": [ { "ja": "それゆえここにとどまらざるを得ないだろう。", "furigana": "それゆえここにとどまらざるを{得|え}ないだろう。", "en": "Hence, I shall have to stay here.", "tatoeba_id": 204782 }, { "ja": "彼は病気になった。それ故外国行きをあきらめた。", "en": "He fell ill, and therefore he gave up going abroad.", "tatoeba_id": 100563 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "81104d40eba77fc03dfecca93af31f200675d8b03a2ab6e15bf662cf7274a551", "meanings": [ "因此" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それゆえここにとどまらざるを得ないだろう。", "zh": "因此我们恐怕不得不留在这里。" }, { "ja": "彼は病気になった。それ故外国行きをあきらめた。", "zh": "他生病了，因此放弃了出国。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5d1b7e0ebd", "JMdict ent_seq 1406080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1fce704e6ad6077015f7351cb98342295220fb1a74f3e689584c17aca8c4b581" } }, { "id": "2e62a415d0", "word": "ソロ", "reading": "ソロ", "romaji": "soro", "meanings": [ "solo" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1075630, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼がソロを歌うとき、音程が外れるんじゃないかって、手に汗握っちゃうよね。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}がソロを{歌|うた}うとき、{音程|おんてい}が{外|はず}れるんじゃないかって、{手|て}に{汗|あせ}{握|にぎ}っちゃうよね。", "en": "When he gets up on stage to sing one of his out-of-tune solos, I get so nervous for him that I get sweaty palms.", "tatoeba_id": 120850 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "95f8e32ce73a37b4122bf81f00d9b282fe4a5f99ae5e5078e8bb6a99535249be", "meanings": [ "独唱", "独奏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼がソロを歌うとき、音程が外れるんじゃないかって、手に汗握っちゃうよね。", "zh": "他独唱时，总让人捏一把汗，担心他唱跑调。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2e62a415d0", "JMdict ent_seq 1075630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c50988c322a88ddaa1fff5a9f30e3a6d3d743f8890eb0d3113f058d535b0c652" } }, { "id": "1399573421", "word": "揃い", "reading": "そろい", "romaji": "soroi", "meanings": [ "set", "suit", "uniform" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1406100, "examples": [ { "ja": "あのチームはつわものぞろいだ。", "en": "That team has nothing but strong players.", "tatoeba_id": 76902 }, { "ja": "みなさまがお揃いになったので、送別会を始められます。", "furigana": "みなさまがお{揃|そろ}いになったので、{送別会|そうべつかい}を{始|はじ}められます。", "en": "Now that we are all here, we can start the farewell party.", "tatoeba_id": 195080 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7a00bd51b33d0339741ee1991d80ee09ad40cb809de13bbed3b582af51d8f5d8", "meanings": [ "一套", "齐全" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あのチームはつわものぞろいだ。", "zh": "那个队高手云集。" }, { "ja": "みなさまがお揃いになったので、送別会を始められます。", "zh": "大家都到齐了，可以开始送别会了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1399573421", "JMdict ent_seq 1406100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0b434545faef58dbb163ef23453eb3020d787d8ba4108f5cd253210973209c46" } }, { "id": "a6b9cef8b2", "word": "ぞんざい", "reading": "ぞんざい", "romaji": "zonzai", "meanings": [ "rude", "careless", "slovenly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1007170, "examples": [ { "ja": "その警官は私に対してかなりぞんざいだった。", "furigana": "その{警官|けいかん}は{私|わたし}に{対|たい}してかなりぞんざいだった。", "en": "The policeman was rather abrupt with me.", "tatoeba_id": 211198 }, { "ja": "彼は引き出しに物をぞんざいに押し込んだ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{引|ひ}き{出|だ}しに{物|もの}をぞんざいに{押|お}し{込|こ}んだ。", "en": "He put his things carelessly in the drawer.", "tatoeba_id": 109842 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "30ff6d4b1218185a122f0a667d01abbb826c0d9e1ef2755402c1ea70ee23afb8", "meanings": [ "粗鲁", "草率" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その警官は私に対してかなりぞんざいだった。", "zh": "那名警察对我相当粗鲁。" }, { "ja": "彼は引き出しに物をぞんざいに押し込んだ。", "zh": "他随手把东西塞进抽屉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a6b9cef8b2", "JMdict ent_seq 1007170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a267dffbf29e641a8e6950743a9c251c9c0f035bf7ee7d9bca9cf598cecdda52" } }, { "id": "d7eae9c8d3", "word": "損失", "reading": "そんしつ", "romaji": "sonshitsu", "meanings": [ "loss" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1406750, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は損失の埋め合わせをしなければならなかった。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{損失|そんしつ}の{埋|う}め{合|あ}わせをしなければならなかった。", "en": "I had to make up for the loss.", "tatoeba_id": 155284 }, { "ja": "彼らはその損失の埋め合わせをした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはその{損失|そんしつ}の{埋|う}め{合|あ}わせをした。", "en": "They compensated for the loss.", "tatoeba_id": 97888 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4d65a06bf3758ca2c79947d1f07e22e3bfbce1e7819532278881d7587ef95301", "meanings": [ "损失" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は損失の埋め合わせをしなければならなかった。", "zh": "我不得不弥补损失。" }, { "ja": "彼らはその損失の埋め合わせをした。", "zh": "他们弥补了那项损失。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d7eae9c8d3", "JMdict ent_seq 1406750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1300c50c11f9ce61f3fda70b32f0c88ddc446f070fdf757dd8f2a86c8b2e0803" } }, { "id": "15230778c8", "word": "存続", "reading": "そんぞく", "romaji": "sonzoku", "meanings": [ "duration", "continuance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1406190, "examples": [ { "ja": "その地方ではその古い風俗がなお存続している。", "furigana": "その{地方|ちほう}ではその{古|ふる}い{風俗|ふうぞく}がなお{存続|そんぞく}している。", "en": "The old custom is still kept up in that district.", "tatoeba_id": 207865 }, { "ja": "もし水がなければ、人間は存続できないだろう。", "furigana": "もし{水|みず}がなければ、{人間|にんげん}は{存続|そんぞく}できないだろう。", "en": "If it were not for water, humans could not survive.", "tatoeba_id": 193583 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8ded3122904ef523f8bc5154f2ca098aaeb30639d2efc0d116bbe211fce38868", "meanings": [ "存续", "继续存在" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その地方ではその古い風俗がなお存続している。", "zh": "那个地区仍然保留着那种古老风俗。" }, { "ja": "もし水がなければ、人間は存続できないだろう。", "zh": "没有水，人类就无法生存。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/15230778c8", "JMdict ent_seq 1406190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bf24a835224c0b5940071c8150579fcbabbce121e9fa27e8b91f479176b92f2a" } }, { "id": "59ac3278b5", "word": "ダース", "reading": "ダース", "romaji": "daasu", "meanings": [ "dozen" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1076650, "examples": [ { "ja": "鉛筆は１ダースいくらで売られる。", "furigana": "{鉛筆|えんぴつ}は１ダースいくらで{売|う}られる。", "en": "Pencils are sold by the dozen.", "tatoeba_id": 188625 }, { "ja": "彼女は２ダースの卵を買った。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は２ダースの{卵|たまご}を{買|か}った。", "en": "She bought two dozen eggs.", "tatoeba_id": 93574 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d25cf33550364229e52a1f77c76d459319cdd8fdf28a037c1068385ad9c31116", "meanings": [ "一打" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "鉛筆は１ダースいくらで売られる。", "zh": "铅笔一打卖多少钱？" }, { "ja": "彼女は２ダースの卵を買った。", "zh": "她买了两打鸡蛋。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/59ac3278b5", "JMdict ent_seq 1076650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a182cfc3b8a6446f2f20a64246985bd6b932be04d4c443b741ff18c5c158baf4" } }, { "id": "b450645f7e", "word": "他意", "reading": "たい", "romaji": "tai", "meanings": [ "ill will", "malice", "another intention", "secret purpose", "ulterior motive", "fickleness", "double-mindedness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1406940, "examples": [ { "ja": "ちょっと絵を描いただけで他意はありません。", "en": "I was just drawing pictures, I had no further intention.", "tatoeba_id": 412047 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "597b6759e926fe5916e40b538efeb20078c470da5f079ece65531db6cd80b9a6", "meanings": [ "其他用意", "别有用心" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ちょっと絵を描いただけで他意はありません。", "zh": "我只是随手画了幅画，没有别的意思。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b450645f7e", "JMdict ent_seq 1406940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "be8253046df3a100131675a56e6163e9baaf528723834cee62d1053c50fe2829" } }, { "id": "dbe0f53624", "word": "第", "reading": "だい", "romaji": "dai", "meanings": [ "ordinal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1415260, "examples": [ { "ja": "まず第１にこの仕事を終えなくてはいけない。", "furigana": "まず{第|だい}１にこの{仕事|しごと}を{終|お}えなくてはいけない。", "en": "I must finish this work first.", "tatoeba_id": 195585 }, { "ja": "第１学年には５つクラスがあった。", "furigana": "{第|だい}１{学年|がくねん}には５つクラスがあった。", "en": "There were five classes in the first year.", "tatoeba_id": 137233 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a38bcd114ebdc80325127e49f155ab543574cea59326ecb2de9ef2dcb969802d", "meanings": [ "第" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "まず第１にこの仕事を終えなくてはいけない。", "zh": "首先必须完成这项工作。" }, { "ja": "第１学年には５つクラスがあった。", "zh": "一年级有五个班。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dbe0f53624", "JMdict ent_seq 1415260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a40afc030a162bf22e7226da55d42ea84c21e3fd809f56e9a39958598c1751b6" } }, { "id": "37bf931e32", "word": "対応", "reading": "たいおう", "romaji": "taiou", "meanings": [ "interaction", "correspondence", "coping with", "dealing with" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1409840, "examples": [ { "ja": "その日本語に対応する英語はない。", "furigana": "その{日本語|にほんご}に{対応|たいおう}する{英語|えいご}はない。", "en": "That Japanese word has no equivalent in English.", "tatoeba_id": 207319 }, { "ja": "Windows95対応のゲームを動かしたいのです。", "furigana": "Windows95{対応|たいおう}のゲームを{動|うご}かしたいのです。", "en": "I want to run a Windows 95 game.", "tatoeba_id": 74050 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0861941e7d70710128ac486a46072a0c5f7a49f010fcad2233abce339d600219", "meanings": [ "对应", "应对" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その日本語に対応する英語はない。", "zh": "没有与那个日语词对应的英语词。" }, { "ja": "Windows95対応のゲームを動かしたいのです。", "zh": "我想运行兼容Windows 95的游戏。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/37bf931e32", "JMdict ent_seq 1409840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8a75e95b0723237cbdda9f250d6baf50dc7d50e4827af1f26f2c53d3af635742" } }, { "id": "a702137b8a", "word": "退化", "reading": "たいか", "romaji": "taika", "meanings": [ "degeneration", "retrogression" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1411320, "examples": [ { "ja": "人類は生態系の退化を防ぐことができるだろうか？", "en": "Will humanity be able to prevent the degradation of ecosystems?", "tatoeba_id": 412049 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fbcca891c2359e2ad0dbaa3767b5becc815c5beaaf67bea1a8b0fc44604bb07f", "meanings": [ "退化" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人類は生態系の退化を防ぐことができるだろうか？", "zh": "人类能阻止生态系统退化吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a702137b8a", "JMdict ent_seq 1411320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f4db168ef0ec42219d91f9719ff6300dbc40e9c5e5c8a623e1241b01239ac0b8" } }, { "id": "576dd99374", "word": "大概", "reading": "たいがい", "romaji": "taigai", "meanings": [ "in general", "mainly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1413230, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は夜にはたいがい家にいる。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{夜|よる}にはたいがい{家|いえ}にいる。", "en": "He is generally at home in the evening.", "tatoeba_id": 99473 }, { "ja": "ディナーはたいがいコーヒーで終わる。", "furigana": "ディナーはたいがいコーヒーで{終|お}わる。", "en": "Coffee finishes most dinners.", "tatoeba_id": 202470 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f4e22f175d3dacbc77083817c49229302013aed7140f2c79ac5270d5f7642045", "meanings": [ "大多", "通常" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は夜にはたいがい家にいる。", "zh": "他晚上通常在家。" }, { "ja": "ディナーはたいがいコーヒーで終わる。", "zh": "晚餐通常以咖啡结束。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/576dd99374", "JMdict ent_seq 1413230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b0a1074a06be2e9dac54bf1dc0dfedc377d518087770850a4aca129e5d97026e" } }, { "id": "de963dc33f", "word": "体格", "reading": "たいかく", "romaji": "taikaku", "meanings": [ "physique", "constitution" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1409310, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのスポーツ選手はがっしりした体格をしていた。", "furigana": "そのスポーツ{選手|せんしゅ}はがっしりした{体格|たいかく}をしていた。", "en": "The athlete had a strong build.", "tatoeba_id": 213002 }, { "ja": "彼は体格が良い。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{体格|たいかく}が{良|よ}い。", "en": "He's well built.", "tatoeba_id": 102534 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "473a9d5fd262f09b24dbcdbf8276a1fa916c454345002b74500d4a11a4aa7b9b", "meanings": [ "体格" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのスポーツ選手はがっしりした体格をしていた。", "zh": "那位运动员体格健壮。" }, { "ja": "彼は体格が良い。", "zh": "他体格很好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/de963dc33f", "JMdict ent_seq 1409310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fa9c82b6db962b29d6ff603ebd80235cbc4ecda5873b74f507e794f1b889019d" } }, { "id": "608306d673", "word": "退学", "reading": "たいがく", "romaji": "taigaku", "meanings": [ "dropping out of school" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1411340, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は十七歳で高校を退学した。", "en": "He left high school at seventeen.", "tatoeba_id": 104362 }, { "ja": "彼らは彼を勉強しないので退学させた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{彼|かれ}を{勉強|べんきょう}しないので{退学|たいがく}させた。", "en": "They booted him out of school for not studying.", "tatoeba_id": 96275 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "58496737422f487f620ee2bc5f28ecd486b8d98663b9304831ec5de136c8539b", "meanings": [ "退学", "开除" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は十七歳で高校を退学した。", "zh": "他十七岁时从高中退学。" }, { "ja": "彼らは彼を勉強しないので退学させた。", "zh": "他们因他不学习而将他开除。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/608306d673", "JMdict ent_seq 1411340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f22ae359a020456b76483679a5d891caec02692b47bcde0f6f8c4f2bbf81c5de" } }, { "id": "2e11e80e5f", "word": "大金", "reading": "たいきん", "romaji": "taikin", "meanings": [ "great cost" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1413500, "examples": [ { "ja": "そんな大金を払う余裕はありません。", "furigana": "そんな{大金|たいきん}を{払|はら}う{余裕|よゆう}はありません。", "en": "I cannot afford to pay so much.", "tatoeba_id": 204072 }, { "ja": "彼は農園を売って大金をにぎった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{農園|のうえん}を{売|う}って{大金|たいきん}をにぎった。", "en": "He realized a large sum by the sale of the plantation.", "tatoeba_id": 101326 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4b003d4feba4b75cf65693e574f1687381d4a19a8763495682ed6a12b307b811", "meanings": [ "一大笔钱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そんな大金を払う余裕はありません。", "zh": "我付不起那么多钱。" }, { "ja": "彼は農園を売って大金をにぎった。", "zh": "他卖掉农园，得到了一大笔钱。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2e11e80e5f", "JMdict ent_seq 1413500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ac85c98584e91bc418930e8b5a819cdf13aa8b83a3b90a429c015f9ff800c7b3" } }, { "id": "175e7d10fb", "word": "待遇", "reading": "たいぐう", "romaji": "taiguu", "meanings": [ "treatment", "reception" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "n-suf", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1410610, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はいつも待遇が悪いと不平を言っている。", "en": "He is always complaining of ill treatment.", "tatoeba_id": 114487 }, { "ja": "彼は従業員によい待遇をしている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{従業員|じゅうぎょういん}によい{待遇|たいぐう}をしている。", "en": "He treats his employees well.", "tatoeba_id": 104349 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2cdced02ce803f69caf6a33f4014e90931198e62b885992fe723bc12a891e008", "meanings": [ "待遇" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はいつも待遇が悪いと不平を言っている。", "zh": "他总抱怨待遇不好。" }, { "ja": "彼は従業員によい待遇をしている。", "zh": "他给员工很好的待遇。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/175e7d10fb", "JMdict ent_seq 1410610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "af1e80c15126fec2181f43cb1b2df6cf4dd3a8143f1c09bd3ed11b28d7bc9f68" } }, { "id": "1b2f621b2a", "word": "対決", "reading": "たいけつ", "romaji": "taiketsu", "meanings": [ "confrontation", "showdown" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1410000, "examples": [ { "ja": "経営側と労働者側との対決があるでしょう。", "furigana": "{経営|けいえい}{側|がわ}と{労働者|ろうどうしゃ}{側|がわ}との{対決|たいけつ}があるでしょう。", "en": "There is going to be a show-down between management and labor.", "tatoeba_id": 176489 }, { "ja": "首相が政敵の挑戦と真っ向から対決しました。", "furigana": "{首相|しゅしょう}が{政敵|せいてき}の{挑戦|ちょうせん}と{真|ま}っ{向|こう}から{対決|たいけつ}しました。", "en": "The prime minister directly confronted the challenges of his political opponents.", "tatoeba_id": 76036 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e4ec6f75eba7c9cf166127b5f5649ecb5ea6871bee5118feae45440d4c212465", "meanings": [ "对决", "对抗" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "経営側と労働者側との対決があるでしょう。", "zh": "管理层与劳动者之间将发生对抗。" }, { "ja": "首相が政敵の挑戦と真っ向から対決しました。", "zh": "首相正面迎战政敌的挑战。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1b2f621b2a", "JMdict ent_seq 1410000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f1fe496af11e7896a736bc351640ea8d2445ec4f7dca92b0bef61957502181af" } }, { "id": "92f1f8e6fe", "word": "体験", "reading": "たいけん", "romaji": "taiken", "meanings": [ "personal experience" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1409420, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は自分の体験を述べた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{自分|じぶん}の{体験|たいけん}を{述|の}べた。", "en": "He described his own experience.", "tatoeba_id": 104882 }, { "ja": "彼はとても辛い体験をした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はとても{辛|から}い{体験|たいけん}をした。", "en": "He went through a very hard time.", "tatoeba_id": 111565 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "097f144bb9feeee46be538f4052813659abd47f4e8c30d451fef890c7ece7e5e", "meanings": [ "亲身经历" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は自分の体験を述べた。", "zh": "他讲述了自己的经历。" }, { "ja": "彼はとても辛い体験をした。", "zh": "他有过非常痛苦的经历。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/92f1f8e6fe", "JMdict ent_seq 1409420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ce84f1c514ffa26f86f2c6688fd50dada564987d1efc6e84b695f2c0657480bd" } }, { "id": "755114f611", "word": "対抗", "reading": "たいこう", "romaji": "taikou", "meanings": [ "opposition", "antagonism" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1410020, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼に対抗して入札した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{彼|かれ}に{対抗|たいこう}して{入札|にゅうさつ}した。", "en": "I bid against him.", "tatoeba_id": 154090 }, { "ja": "彼は常に強者に対抗して弱者を味方にした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{常|つね}に{強者|きょうしゃ}に{対抗|たいこう}して{弱者|じゃくしゃ}を{味方|みかた}にした。", "en": "He was always on the side of the weak against the strong.", "tatoeba_id": 103970 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "55ddc32f0fe072b9cd81fa0a191bab84575b55aac6a17a75e314eaaac74894c9", "meanings": [ "对抗", "竞争" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼に対抗して入札した。", "zh": "我与他竞争投标。" }, { "ja": "彼は常に強者に対抗して弱者を味方にした。", "zh": "他总是站在弱者一边对抗强者。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/755114f611", "JMdict ent_seq 1410020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2da1050f6f147495d4d34e3c633555b162f1c56e540f7cdf3e8168481cf6d2c6" } }, { "id": "d1273294f7", "word": "退治", "reading": "たいじ", "romaji": "taiji", "meanings": [ "extermination" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1411390, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はありを退治しようと思った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はありを{退治|たいじ}しようと{思|おも}った。", "en": "He tried to get rid of the ants.", "tatoeba_id": 114779 }, { "ja": "われわれは彼の家のねずみを退治した。", "furigana": "われわれは{彼|かれ}の{家|いえ}のねずみを{退治|たいじ}した。", "en": "We rid his house of mice.", "tatoeba_id": 191601 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8d803094c445f8e7c2209b576c869d8dde6de0723d2320dd5514281aab8dd91d", "meanings": [ "消灭", "清除" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はありを退治しようと思った。", "zh": "他打算消灭蚂蚁。" }, { "ja": "われわれは彼の家のねずみを退治した。", "zh": "我们清除了他家里的老鼠。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d1273294f7", "JMdict ent_seq 1411390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7376628cc1f1f16a82692df9fe799175e3ef5cb7bb351237ab56b6ab4cb2f697" } }, { "id": "a62d0c6462", "word": "対して", "reading": "たいして", "romaji": "taishite", "meanings": [ "for", "in regard to", "per" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "exp" ], "jmdict_id": 1409820, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は目上の人に対して丁重である。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{目上|めうえ}の{人|ひと}に{対|たい}して{丁重|ていちょう}である。", "en": "He behaves respectfully toward his superiors.", "tatoeba_id": 99494 }, { "ja": "彼は批評に対してたいへん敏感だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{批評|ひひょう}に{対|たい}してたいへん{敏感|びんかん}だ。", "en": "He is very sensitive to criticism.", "tatoeba_id": 100766 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9f48787268d250922681c0bc4b54fc4296556cadeb6ccab465f1f8af233ac8c4", "meanings": [ "对", "关于" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は目上の人に対して丁重である。", "zh": "他对长辈很恭敬。" }, { "ja": "彼は批評に対してたいへん敏感だ。", "zh": "他对批评非常敏感。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a62d0c6462", "JMdict ent_seq 1409820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "61ca88ea21f1675aa16c78715b0d7ac0f8757883ce5f4ea653b6136172d35437" } }, { "id": "1be293861f", "word": "大衆", "reading": "たいしゅう", "romaji": "taishuu", "meanings": [ "general public" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1414050, "examples": [ { "ja": "その問題は大衆を当惑させた。", "furigana": "その{問題|もんだい}は{大衆|たいしゅう}を{当惑|とうわく}させた。", "en": "The problem puzzled the public.", "tatoeba_id": 206405 }, { "ja": "当局は事実を大衆から隠してきた。", "furigana": "{当局|とうきょく}は{事実|じじつ}を{大衆|たいしゅう}から{隠|かく}してきた。", "en": "The authorities have been hiding the facts from the public.", "tatoeba_id": 124105 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "34b815e3d042e0f3235aa011d7eb695234346062aedbe1fe53cd65a9b34759dc", "meanings": [ "大众" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その問題は大衆を当惑させた。", "zh": "那个问题让大众困惑。" }, { "ja": "当局は事実を大衆から隠してきた。", "zh": "当局一直对大众隐瞒事实。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1be293861f", "JMdict ent_seq 1414050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2c95111792531b373579e2e6d1d7cefee71206b9bbfab63c8ffcdc72e74745af" } }, { "id": "822df1580e", "word": "対処", "reading": "たいしょ", "romaji": "taisho", "meanings": [ "deal with", "cope" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1410070, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は困難な事態に対処することが出来ない。", "en": "He can't cope with difficult situations.", "tatoeba_id": 74548 }, { "ja": "彼女はストレスに対処できない。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はストレスに{対処|たいしょ}できない。", "en": "She is unable to cope with stress.", "tatoeba_id": 92695 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f197931777906ce59cff5ac7b2250e5c1e8552d36c3d25d68833a8fce44ae3dc", "meanings": [ "应对", "处理" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は困難な事態に対処することが出来ない。", "zh": "他无法应对困难局面。" }, { "ja": "彼女はストレスに対処できない。", "zh": "她无法应对压力。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/822df1580e", "JMdict ent_seq 1410070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "029ba11f09607a7cd43675a3ad1bec386616714cd3a958a28068dfa7b54fc5f1" } }, { "id": "ee0ad82b09", "word": "退職", "reading": "たいしょく", "romaji": "taishoku", "meanings": [ "retirement (from office)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1411420, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は退職するつもりだときのう申し出た。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{退職|たいしょく}するつもりだときのう{申|もう}し{出|で}た。", "en": "I gave notice at work yesterday.", "tatoeba_id": 155231 }, { "ja": "彼はしつこく退職を迫られました。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はしつこく{退職|たいしょく}を{迫|せま}られました。", "en": "He was hounded into quitting.", "tatoeba_id": 113591 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "36567cf067e969b871c744280da9bb179c6f9210fa984243ca5445d7861c4b0b", "meanings": [ "退休", "辞职" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は退職するつもりだときのう申し出た。", "zh": "我昨天表示打算辞职。" }, { "ja": "彼はしつこく退職を迫られました。", "zh": "他被反复逼着辞职。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ee0ad82b09", "JMdict ent_seq 1411420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7cbc8b51c9183d47623e396e01b2094313b8f833ba10f8e107a8f591f22ba110" } }, { "id": "714f782649", "word": "態勢", "reading": "たいせい", "romaji": "taisei", "meanings": [ "attitude", "conditions", "preparations" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1410770, "examples": [ { "ja": "五百人の警官が厳重な警備態勢に置かれた。", "en": "Five hundred police officers were placed on high alert." }, { "ja": "ヤンキースは優勝へ独走態勢を整えている。", "en": "The Yankees are running away with the pennant race.", "tatoeba_id": 193007 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a36cd9cd9df1a6ee19fc9f4f7be095a07a61fd3c81a9c10ff2444358e5c0e576", "meanings": [ "态势", "准备" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "五百人の警官が厳重な警備態勢に置かれた。", "zh": "五百名警察被部署在严密的警戒状态中。" }, { "ja": "ヤンキースは優勝へ独走態勢を整えている。", "zh": "扬基队已准备好向冠军一路领先。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/714f782649", "JMdict ent_seq 1410770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5140b4e478f3aef291b21f5c10e5b373d6d50157b20cbb2cfbf5ac0a656087ce" } }, { "id": "2ed30bb458", "word": "対談", "reading": "たいだん", "romaji": "taidan", "meanings": [ "talk", "dialogue", "conversation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1410230, "examples": [ { "ja": "その上、ある大学教授と対談しなければならない。", "furigana": "その{上|うえ}、ある{大学教授|だいがくきょうじゅ}と{対談|たいだん}しなければならない。", "en": "In addition, I have to interview a professor.", "tatoeba_id": 208987 }, { "ja": "私たちは老人と楽しく対談した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちは{老人|ろうじん}と{楽|たの}しく{対談|たいだん}した。", "en": "We held a pleasant conversation with the old man.", "tatoeba_id": 165005 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d252de1def753f54eac8e08586b0d05b950b93334e0f4ca64d6d117f63ef5c26", "meanings": [ "对谈" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その上、ある大学教授と対談しなければならない。", "zh": "而且，我必须和一位大学教授对谈。" }, { "ja": "私たちは老人と楽しく対談した。", "zh": "我们和老人愉快地交谈。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2ed30bb458", "JMdict ent_seq 1410230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "06398902ef5806ee90126aafb5e8e2080f6a70def7f059b642fe01707ca11780" } }, { "id": "89d988ae18", "word": "大胆", "reading": "だいたん", "romaji": "daitan", "meanings": [ "bold", "daring", "audacious" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1414500, "examples": [ { "ja": "私達は彼の大胆な企てに舌を巻いた。", "en": "We marveled at his bold attempt.", "tatoeba_id": 151339 }, { "ja": "私たちの申し出を断るとは大胆だ。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちの{申|もう}し{出|で}を{断|ことわ}るとは{大胆|だいたん}だ。", "en": "It is bold of him to refuse our offer.", "tatoeba_id": 166925 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c2f15d56e6099c7db557e76157cb894f1a86acad5009ca1eea5a4fea97b99f45", "meanings": [ "大胆" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私達は彼の大胆な企てに舌を巻いた。", "zh": "我们对他大胆的计划惊叹不已。" }, { "ja": "私たちの申し出を断るとは大胆だ。", "zh": "你竟敢拒绝我们的提议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/89d988ae18", "JMdict ent_seq 1414500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c92d4e6162b6ffd38ad40ea9eed8e02de5a47a5772cb518bd8dafcbcf8fc0567" } }, { "id": "6fab55f8fd", "word": "対等", "reading": "たいとう", "romaji": "taitou", "meanings": [ "equivalent" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1410250, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたは私と対等で私より下でも上でもない。", "furigana": "あなたは{私|わたし}と{対等|たいとう}で{私|わたし}より{下|した}でも{上|うえ}でもない。", "en": "You are my equal; not my inferior or superior.", "tatoeba_id": 231971 }, { "ja": "すべての人は対等の権利を有する。", "furigana": "すべての{人|ひと}は{対等|たいとう}の{権利|けんり}を{有|ゆう}する。", "en": "All men have equal rights.", "tatoeba_id": 214431 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fcb6d6ac657a83ba84d4dafe3d8984a30c01c7ecf81b95536f079310c61b92e8", "meanings": [ "平等", "对等" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたは私と対等で私より下でも上でもない。", "zh": "你和我平等，既不比我低也不比我高。" }, { "ja": "すべての人は対等の権利を有する。", "zh": "所有人都享有平等权利。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6fab55f8fd", "JMdict ent_seq 1410250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "65dc19bb216cea560ac3a8cbfb4d958c970d94939602e4946a7fbaa375408f72" } }, { "id": "ec37aba7e2", "word": "タイトル", "reading": "タイトル", "romaji": "taitoru", "meanings": [ "title" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1075900, "examples": [ { "ja": "その本のタイトルは何ですか。", "furigana": "その{本|ほん}のタイトルは{何|なに}ですか。", "en": "What is the title of the book?", "tatoeba_id": 206701 }, { "ja": "私はその歌のタイトルをどうしても思い出せなかった。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はその{歌|うた}のタイトルをどうしても{思|おも}い{出|だ}せなかった。", "en": "I failed to recall the song's title.", "tatoeba_id": 160267 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a7c3390e275a349ffdd887585b34bd83ee27c6f941499f6ccf79be860dc6c93a", "meanings": [ "标题" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その本のタイトルは何ですか。", "zh": "那本书的标题是什么？" }, { "ja": "私はその歌のタイトルをどうしても思い出せなかった。", "zh": "我怎么也想不起那首歌的名字。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ec37aba7e2", "JMdict ent_seq 1075900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "33b1a0c83ca388845420966327c73f531aa74479dc07f5b25e1e57758be45007" } }, { "id": "5fe58f6863", "word": "台無し", "reading": "だいなし", "romaji": "dainashi", "meanings": [ "mess", "spoiled", "(come to) nothing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1412770, "examples": [ { "ja": "風やら雨やらで旅行は台無しだった。", "furigana": "{風|かぜ}やら{雨|あめ}やらで{旅行|りょこう}は{台無|だいな}しだった。", "en": "What with the wind and the rain, our trip was spoiled.", "tatoeba_id": 83999 }, { "ja": "この赤色で柄全体がだいなしだ。", "en": "The red kills the whole pattern.", "tatoeba_id": 220866 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ee2e6a7f051d6e97d8d60c5bc8d815e4fc4f5a8927ef82d68f13266eb561f200", "meanings": [ "糟蹋", "毁掉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "風やら雨やらで旅行は台無しだった。", "zh": "风雨把旅行毁了。" }, { "ja": "この赤色で柄全体がだいなしだ。", "zh": "这种红色毁了整个图案。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5fe58f6863", "JMdict ent_seq 1412770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0dc4549e23c5692cad3d3221adcd2156b2f82799c8e899e44b473c5f7ffbcb74" } }, { "id": "b8d950d3f0", "word": "滞納", "reading": "たいのう", "romaji": "tainou", "meanings": [ "non-payment", "default" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1410940, "examples": [ { "ja": "数日ならまだしも１０日も滞納している。", "en": "A few days would have been excusable, but you are in arrears for 10 days.", "tatoeba_id": 143515 }, { "ja": "料金滞納で電話を止められた。", "en": "My telephone service was cut off because of unpaid bills.", "tatoeba_id": 77958 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b601108c6b763362b5f730d7e18b56b7476e6000fb01b2e572bc99f6649b938b", "meanings": [ "拖欠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "数日ならまだしも１０日も滞納している。", "zh": "几天也就罢了，已经拖欠了十天。" }, { "ja": "料金滞納で電話を止められた。", "zh": "因为拖欠费用，电话被停了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b8d950d3f0", "JMdict ent_seq 1410940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6097a5d5a81b04f7fcdb1966263123fc4235b7e941cd3103b0e840a2d21f9fb9" } }, { "id": "f2db543159", "word": "対比", "reading": "たいひ", "romaji": "taihi", "meanings": [ "contrast", "comparison" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1410260, "examples": [ { "ja": "空と山の対比が鮮烈だ。", "furigana": "{空|そら}と{山|やま}の{対比|たいひ}が{鮮烈|せんれつ}だ。", "en": "The contrast between the sky and the mountain is striking.", "tatoeba_id": 179474 }, { "ja": "私はよく兄と対比される。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はよく{兄|あに}と{対比|たいひ}される。", "en": "I am often contrasted with my brother.", "tatoeba_id": 158657 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ab11cb394dd952f62cc4af23acb3bea1cc6f6b3cf60336b0a5ca3a29592cfd99", "meanings": [ "对比", "比较" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "空と山の対比が鮮烈だ。", "zh": "天空与山的对比很鲜明。" }, { "ja": "私はよく兄と対比される。", "zh": "我常被拿来和哥哥比较。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f2db543159", "JMdict ent_seq 1410260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "008538354ed19599144b22c58c0122be0ad3b727d88a505ff1a3365f42fdf502" } }, { "id": "3a9abb8ed5", "word": "タイピスト", "reading": "タイピスト", "romaji": "taipisuto", "meanings": [ "typist" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1075920, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はタイピストの職を得た。", "en": "She got a position as a typist.", "tatoeba_id": 92197 }, { "ja": "彼女はタイピストとして就職した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はタイピストとして{就職|しゅうしょく}した。", "en": "She found employment as a typist.", "tatoeba_id": 92198 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "92bca6473001a134623b2106f1218d22bb8a9a9990bbc6671709d33f6ca20a58", "meanings": [ "打字员" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はタイピストの職を得た。", "zh": "她找到一份打字员的工作。" }, { "ja": "彼女はタイピストとして就職した。", "zh": "她当上了打字员。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3a9abb8ed5", "JMdict ent_seq 1075920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bad8fe63ba3143a3930f53ae353ea7a03c36fa377b4b8244df82a7a1f27c747c" } }, { "id": "1fc733c113", "word": "大部", "reading": "たいぶ", "romaji": "taibu", "meanings": [ "a good deal", "much", "voluminous" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1414830, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は仕事をたいぶためてしまった。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{仕事|しごと}をたいぶためてしまった。", "en": "I still have a lot of work to do.", "tatoeba_id": 156622 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0b02908e8b0a5ea4d810882099b263491de88c8deec1fc348c9cdd0534b2529e", "meanings": [ "大量", "大部分" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は仕事をたいぶためてしまった。", "zh": "我积压了不少工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1fc733c113", "JMdict ent_seq 1414830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "534595e021c789ba778926be64cde5158a33b5ec03bff453ca314cbb621ef6c0" } }, { "id": "699d51dfa0", "word": "対辺", "reading": "たいへん", "romaji": "taihen", "meanings": [ "(geometrical) opposite side" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1655340, "examples": [ { "ja": "長方形の対辺は平行である。", "furigana": "{長方形|ちょうほうけい}の{対辺|たいへん}は{平行|へいこう}である。", "en": "The opposite sides of a rectangle are parallel.", "tatoeba_id": 168969 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7cac44d87676046f75a339c7b7dd398c907773937af5eb150d679e97811eef3c", "meanings": [ "对边" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "長方形の対辺は平行である。", "zh": "长方形的对边平行。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/699d51dfa0", "JMdict ent_seq 1655340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "124bd60d0de17056e25e56cf5765979e54e57f1aca8509d682dd270563146859" } }, { "id": "0271585729", "word": "代弁", "reading": "だいべん", "romaji": "daiben", "meanings": [ "pay by proxy", "act for another", "speak for another" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1412300, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は家のない人々の代弁をした。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{家|いえ}のない{人々|ひとびと}の{代弁|だいべん}をした。", "en": "She spoke for the homeless.", "tatoeba_id": 90861 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3e7c1994986d9f9255a58855723d2ccafd1a542a046796f8ff42b49a1395b192", "meanings": [ "代言", "代付" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は家のない人々の代弁をした。", "zh": "她为无家可归的人代言。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0271585729", "JMdict ent_seq 1412300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1428a97d0201bb6c716320cd902312aaaf8e50de0a8fbf6b1bed7f9ba9411bee" } }, { "id": "a707d72877", "word": "大便", "reading": "だいべん", "romaji": "daiben", "meanings": [ "feces", "excrement", "shit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1415010, "examples": [ { "ja": "病院で大便の検査をした。", "en": "I had a stool examination at the hospital.", "tatoeba_id": 13715804 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "975196996505c7aaa1e6697122f74e4fda50ef86edaba0e4aad2cbb3c2eb191f", "meanings": [ "大便" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "病院で大便の検査をした。", "zh": "在医院做了大便检查。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a707d72877", "JMdict ent_seq 1415010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6ea3430b0623213a061c8f9bb397d2f5a5a317f509e48f4e8c91f26246e76ecf" } }, { "id": "8edd0be676", "word": "待望", "reading": "たいぼう", "romaji": "taibou", "meanings": [ "expectant waiting" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1410650, "examples": [ { "ja": "残念ながら待望の試合は中止せざるを得なかった。", "en": "To our regret, we were obliged to call off the game, which we had been looking forward to.", "tatoeba_id": 169219 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "74d329684abec31499895309a1d5b97c1ace3562e749851d4b5cc835917c14d8", "meanings": [ "期待", "盼望" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "残念ながら待望の試合は中止せざるを得なかった。", "zh": "很遗憾，备受期待的比赛不得不取消。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8edd0be676", "JMdict ent_seq 1410650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ae0d786b0c8abb870a231148e3d20915b287748d094f306a8a940a8577d4dc03" } }, { "id": "0d5bf3cdac", "word": "台本", "reading": "だいほん", "romaji": "daihon", "meanings": [ "libretto", "scenario" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1412760, "examples": [ { "ja": "台本に目を通しておいてください。", "furigana": "{台本|だいほん}に{目|め}を{通|とお}しておいてください。", "en": "Please go over the script.", "tatoeba_id": 137772 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "761a6a77312233bf65e8d97a5a0b4f5428f1478dfe67fad8edd07a3b8a840335", "meanings": [ "剧本" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "台本に目を通しておいてください。", "zh": "请先浏览剧本。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0d5bf3cdac", "JMdict ent_seq 1412760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "06d405476ea0d2a31b47b19a0777caf7a25b2cabcbba79e00a65f7bd7e2f32ac" } }, { "id": "adad28a5c4", "word": "タイマー", "reading": "タイマー", "romaji": "taimaa", "meanings": [ "timer" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1075990, "examples": [ { "ja": "PC内部のタイマー用ボタン電池が切れた。", "furigana": "PC{内部|ないぶ}のタイマー{用|よう}ボタン{電池|でんち}が{切|き}れた。", "en": "The button battery in the PC's internal timer has gone flat.", "tatoeba_id": 74025 }, { "ja": "オーブントースターのタイマーが鳴る。食パンがコンガリ焼けた、香ばしい匂い。", "furigana": "オーブントースターのタイマーが{鳴|な}る。{食|しょく}パンがコンガリ{焼|や}けた、{香|こう}ばしい{匂|にお}い。", "en": "The toaster-oven's timer rings. The fragrant smell of well toasted bread.", "tatoeba_id": 76829 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f59dab3e9db032dd4d6c65679a58850832b86243d783be28b54ee2d5e63bb0eb", "meanings": [ "定时器" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "PC内部のタイマー用ボタン電池が切れた。", "zh": "电脑内部计时器用的纽扣电池没电了。" }, { "ja": "オーブントースターのタイマーが鳴る。食パンがコンガリ焼けた、香ばしい匂い。", "zh": "烤面包机的定时器响了，面包烤得金黄，香气扑鼻。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/adad28a5c4", "JMdict ent_seq 1075990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5b506a2ab3bd10adbd7b61f8ee505e0876bcd6d67c2025cd98293a1c18d50f6c" } }, { "id": "fbea2e401a", "word": "怠慢", "reading": "たいまん", "romaji": "taiman", "meanings": [ "negligence", "procrastination", "carelessness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1410740, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は義務怠慢で非難された。", "en": "He was blamed for neglect of duty.", "tatoeba_id": 108527 }, { "ja": "彼女は怠慢という理由で解雇された。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{怠慢|たいまん}という{理由|りゆう}で{解雇|かいこ}された。", "en": "She was dismissed on the grounds of neglect of duty.", "tatoeba_id": 88053 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4b47d292c8f1ea070cfc44b10a818bc0102289f77ffa3ddb46e819d189c1a6f8", "meanings": [ "怠慢", "疏忽" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は義務怠慢で非難された。", "zh": "他因玩忽职守受到指责。" }, { "ja": "彼女は怠慢という理由で解雇された。", "zh": "她因工作疏忽被解雇。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fbea2e401a", "JMdict ent_seq 1410740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "68cf81a42f36d80efc0bc5654fa5b0c1017d72ed7e4fb4309b660124336ea817" } }, { "id": "d93ec9aaed", "word": "タイミング", "reading": "タイミング", "romaji": "taimingu", "meanings": [ "timing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1076000, "examples": [ { "ja": "その論文は教授の誕生日とタイミングが合うように出版された。", "furigana": "その{論文|ろんぶん}は{教授|きょうじゅ}の{誕生日|たんじょうび}とタイミングが{合|あ}うように{出版|しゅっぱん}された。", "en": "Publication of the article was timed to coincide with the professor's birthday.", "tatoeba_id": 206068 }, { "ja": "まずはオシロでタイミングを確認してみて下さい。", "furigana": "まずはオシロでタイミングを{確認|かくにん}してみて{下|くだ}さい。", "en": "First, try to confirm the timing by oscilloscope.", "tatoeba_id": 74328 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1c9607f90ef2712cca920efcb40c43b98a253a19c76c95d370dac41d97ecdcf4", "meanings": [ "时机" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その論文は教授の誕生日とタイミングが合うように出版された。", "zh": "那篇论文选择在教授生日时发表。" }, { "ja": "まずはオシロでタイミングを確認してみて下さい。", "zh": "请先用示波器确认时序。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d93ec9aaed", "JMdict ent_seq 1076000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c9e0e634f92257e28f818e1708624e415248ba8bd8e71d774963b8f216be792e" } }, { "id": "40778a5984", "word": "タイム", "reading": "タイム", "romaji": "taimu", "meanings": [ "time" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1076010, "examples": [ { "ja": "レースのタイムを記録してください。", "en": "Please record the race time." }, { "ja": "監督がタイムを求めた。", "en": "The coach requested a time-out." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "39216c07fa02861eba74b389264a9192d466a11d3943182dc3f864cfdda77e8a", "meanings": [ "时间", "计时" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "レースのタイムを記録してください。", "zh": "请记录比赛用时。" }, { "ja": "監督がタイムを求めた。", "zh": "教练请求暂停。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/40778a5984", "JMdict ent_seq 1076010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7bf578162574a6c04fd1bd3539e7af93d93dd9537ba17168f221171f2bddeb6f" } }, { "id": "f332f3e366", "word": "タイムリー", "reading": "タイムリー", "romaji": "taimurii", "meanings": [ "timely", "run-batted-in (baseball)", "RBI" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1076090, "examples": [ { "ja": "もし彼のタイムリーヒットがなかったら、私たちのチームは試合に負けていただろう。", "furigana": "もし{彼|かれ}のタイムリーヒットがなかったら、{私|わたし}たちのチームは{試合|しあい}に{負|ま}けていただろう。", "en": "If it had not been for his timely hit, our team would have lost the game.", "tatoeba_id": 193498 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "413f648306d72819dd27466c92be9673d07e480b840fbf3e5bbfad634aedcb17", "meanings": [ "及时", "适时安打" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "もし彼のタイムリーヒットがなかったら、私たちのチームは試合に負けていただろう。", "zh": "如果不是他及时打出安打，我们队就输了比赛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f332f3e366", "JMdict ent_seq 1076090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6e026113052105eef0bfce2dc01eaf92b8b48e367e542522cf549b6196a2c541" } }, { "id": "07904649e0", "word": "対面", "reading": "たいめん", "romaji": "taimen", "meanings": [ "interview", "meeting" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1410270, "examples": [ { "ja": "二人は初めて対面した。", "en": "The two met face-to-face for the first time." }, { "ja": "彼らは対面して座り、話し合った。", "en": "They sat facing each other and talked." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ac11848b65018ae2fbf58b8f384fb30bdbffe4f9f5c95c1dd535325bb932cc74", "meanings": [ "见面", "面对面" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "二人は初めて対面した。", "zh": "两人第一次见面了。" }, { "ja": "彼らは対面して座り、話し合った。", "zh": "他们面对面坐下谈话。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/07904649e0", "JMdict ent_seq 1410270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4ada0243e55c52ef713053f8cffdb30b3231936480634feb162131e4289628ad" } }, { "id": "8d0e3e599c", "word": "タイヤ", "reading": "タイヤ", "romaji": "taiya", "meanings": [ "tire", "tyre" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1076120, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はタイヤの跡を見つけた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はタイヤの{跡|あと}を{見|み}つけた。", "en": "I found the track of the tire.", "tatoeba_id": 159611 }, { "ja": "父は僕に車のタイヤを交換させた。", "furigana": "{父|ちち}は{僕|ぼく}に{車|くるま}のタイヤを{交換|こうかん}させた。", "en": "My father had me change a tire on his car.", "tatoeba_id": 84367 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ffcde99d4e6d6e5739de86a5d6204d3e01aa597b82456ec18fd70a31fc0a5f3d", "meanings": [ "轮胎" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はタイヤの跡を見つけた。", "zh": "我发现了轮胎痕迹。" }, { "ja": "父は僕に車のタイヤを交換させた。", "zh": "父亲让我换汽车轮胎。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8d0e3e599c", "JMdict ent_seq 1076120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "82b9d5baa62a7c907377171a8c226bd447f9a967a602415c1403259315fe1060" } }, { "id": "fad025add1", "word": "代用", "reading": "だいよう", "romaji": "daiyou", "meanings": [ "substitution" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1412360, "examples": [ { "ja": "この箱はテーブルの代用となる。", "furigana": "この{箱|はこ}はテーブルの{代用|だいよう}となる。", "en": "This box will serve as a table.", "tatoeba_id": 220186 }, { "ja": "この流動体は接着剤の代用になります。", "furigana": "この{流動体|りゅうどうたい}は{接着剤|せっちゃくざい}の{代用|だいよう}になります。", "en": "This fluid can be substituted for glue.", "tatoeba_id": 219203 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "367b91ef6bac16640954da30194fbb76b2d5788ef4596dd29075193aa45e09f0", "meanings": [ "代用", "替代" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この箱はテーブルの代用となる。", "zh": "这个箱子可以当桌子用。" }, { "ja": "この流動体は接着剤の代用になります。", "zh": "这种流体可以代替黏合剂。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fad025add1", "JMdict ent_seq 1412360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5c92fca786637f87946f1bedd0a75a33768b7e06f997d0ad5bb4bab895baf8d9" } }, { "id": "7c8c318865", "word": "体力", "reading": "たいりょく", "romaji": "tairyoku", "meanings": [ "physical strength" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1409760, "examples": [ { "ja": "体力を維持するにはちゃんと食べなければいけません。", "furigana": "{体力|たいりょく}を{維持|いじ}するにはちゃんと{食|た}べなければいけません。", "en": "You must eat properly to keep up your strength.", "tatoeba_id": 137959 }, { "ja": "彼は体力をすべて使い果たした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{体力|たいりょく}をすべて{使|つか}い{果|は}たした。", "en": "He exhausted all his energy.", "tatoeba_id": 102528 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "46d381b75138e88cb6651d202a583dde8c3d86ccfed9a51c6ddd0718784b64c2", "meanings": [ "体力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "体力を維持するにはちゃんと食べなければいけません。", "zh": "要保持体力就必须好好吃饭。" }, { "ja": "彼は体力をすべて使い果たした。", "zh": "他耗尽了全部体力。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7c8c318865", "JMdict ent_seq 1409760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "39dde616a0e1cc4e47f7b808325959690afa4a7dfd111f5b42e789f4c76746a2" } }, { "id": "66feace6f2", "word": "タイル", "reading": "タイル", "romaji": "tairu", "meanings": [ "tile" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1076130, "examples": [ { "ja": "屋根から落ちてきたタイルは粉々に砕けた。", "en": "The tile that fell from the roof broke into pieces.", "tatoeba_id": 188449 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "356c909694c64fd34a589d40b0b9544edcf175858d7dc762986ed8f563a15f35", "meanings": [ "瓷砖", "瓦片" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "屋根から落ちてきたタイルは粉々に砕けた。", "zh": "从屋顶掉下来的瓦片摔得粉碎。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/66feace6f2", "JMdict ent_seq 1076130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f051de5c5f02f124080d4fb6319fdbd8fffa3552a545ebefa03b1c2f0b70cb94" } }, { "id": "c119cc0486", "word": "対話", "reading": "たいわ", "romaji": "taiwa", "meanings": [ "interactive", "interaction", "conversation", "dialogue" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1410300, "examples": [ { "ja": "この例においては、その二人の詩人の対話に関する正確な記述がもたらされている。", "en": "In this instance we are provided with an exact account of the conversation between the two poets.", "tatoeba_id": 219182 }, { "ja": "外交対話のおかげでその紛争に終止符を打つ事が出来た。", "en": "Diplomatic dialogue helped put an end to the conflict.", "tatoeba_id": 184832 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "07c94cb2edd404d18c2389a7c436d5a8bc56dc46ca9a37deb4762dd9ce631fe0", "meanings": [ "对话" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この例においては、その二人の詩人の対話に関する正確な記述がもたらされている。", "zh": "这个例子准确描述了那两位诗人的对话。" }, { "ja": "外交対話のおかげでその紛争に終止符を打つ事が出来た。", "zh": "多亏外交对话，那场争端得以结束。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c119cc0486", "JMdict ent_seq 1410300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e301084e498d05a1c327a1907ac86de0c76757fe9d350c7485de7690b96d7bd4" } }, { "id": "c91305c9d6", "word": "ダウン", "reading": "ダウン", "romaji": "daun", "meanings": [ "down" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1076980, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は風邪でダウンした。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{風邪|かぜ}でダウンした。", "en": "She came down with a cold.", "tatoeba_id": 2287405 }, { "ja": "サーバーがダウンしてて、メールチェックできない。", "en": "I can't check my mail. The server is down.", "tatoeba_id": 216896 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1291ed61372584a171140a3e5a2ac93f633af7389a287cd8a94ab1d326463478", "meanings": [ "倒下", "瘫痪" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は風邪でダウンした。", "zh": "她因感冒病倒了。" }, { "ja": "サーバーがダウンしてて、メールチェックできない。", "zh": "服务器宕机了，无法查看邮件。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c91305c9d6", "JMdict ent_seq 1076980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6969bc2615d1436e0a159d37baf329a396ce5402c9d5ed1d890ff50a0e2124c2" } }, { "id": "dd92dc7403", "word": "絶える", "reading": "たえる", "romaji": "taeru", "meanings": [ "to die out", "to peter out", "to become extinct" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1386710, "examples": [ { "ja": "この習慣は絶えて久しい。", "furigana": "この{習慣|しゅうかん}は{絶|た}えて{久|ひさ}しい。", "en": "This custom became extinct a long time ago.", "tatoeba_id": 221251 }, { "ja": "いまはもうこの種のちょうは絶えてしまっている。", "en": "Butterflies of this species are now extinct.", "tatoeba_id": 228530 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "800929066bb853a091e3778fd3cefa2a73f386389e955045010229b05774e89e", "meanings": [ "断绝", "灭绝" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この習慣は絶えて久しい。", "zh": "这种习俗早已消失。" }, { "ja": "いまはもうこの種のちょうは絶えてしまっている。", "zh": "现在这种蝴蝶已经绝种了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dd92dc7403", "JMdict ent_seq 1386710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7f2e26fe9000a8dd32ef779cc55314928091d3f34300956e72283932dab7405e" } }, { "id": "6020741e51", "word": "耐える", "reading": "たえる", "romaji": "taeru", "meanings": [ "to bear", "to endure" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1211310, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの騒音には耐えられないよ。", "furigana": "あの{騒音|そうおん}には{耐|た}えられないよ。", "en": "I can not stand that noise.", "tatoeba_id": 230638 }, { "ja": "この家は地震に耐えますか。", "furigana": "この{家|いえ}は{地震|じしん}に{耐|た}えますか。", "en": "Does this house withstand earthquakes?", "tatoeba_id": 222804 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b72b1606f2e66dbb021ff623875b7799f714907ec847716e9908aa6b81c4208f", "meanings": [ "忍受", "承受" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの騒音には耐えられないよ。", "zh": "我受不了那个噪声。" }, { "ja": "この家は地震に耐えますか。", "zh": "这所房子能承受地震吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6020741e51", "JMdict ent_seq 1211310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "713eea4997a9b7bbc7065e0e39d1da6c3df827cd024bf016bd9d98507da04188" } }, { "id": "3d456d6cf7", "word": "高", "reading": "たか", "romaji": "taka", "meanings": [ "quantity", "amount", "volume", "number", "amount of money" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1633260, "examples": [ { "ja": "互いに自分の預金高は言い合わなかった。", "en": "They did not tell each other about the size of their savings.", "tatoeba_id": 11922459 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ed4c793e7eba86fbf41c5fc93c7782ce4d9d6b4b6f9a1e5e0f5da83647bca61d", "meanings": [ "金额", "数量" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "互いに自分の預金高は言い合わなかった。", "zh": "彼此都没有说出自己的存款额。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3d456d6cf7", "JMdict ent_seq 1633260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e8391460c5d6dcf6cf4cc54b8a8967798b925d7cd149d293f3e80d91151ddff0" } }, { "id": "4fe941663c", "word": "打開", "reading": "だかい", "romaji": "dakai", "meanings": [ "break in the deadlock" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1408850, "examples": [ { "ja": "われわれは局面の打開を図らなくてはならない。", "furigana": "われわれは{局面|きょくめん}の{打開|だかい}を{図|はか}らなくてはならない。", "en": "We must try to break the deadlock.", "tatoeba_id": 191645 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4508769be8b2edb951000faeb30d26e2067d085f68a15e444869eb7d251da012", "meanings": [ "打破僵局" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "われわれは局面の打開を図らなくてはならない。", "zh": "我们必须设法打破僵局。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4fe941663c", "JMdict ent_seq 1408850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "aa0c11cc83958e337d8a31938e89f4620e220d9530f9736d304e6e613459b687" } }, { "id": "8c66ef9335", "word": "高まる", "reading": "たかまる", "romaji": "takamaru", "meanings": [ "to rise", "to swell", "to be promoted" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1283220, "examples": [ { "ja": "歓呼の声はどよめきにまで高まった。", "furigana": "{歓呼|かんこ}の{声|こえ}はどよめきにまで{高|たか}まった。", "en": "The cheers swelled to a roar.", "tatoeba_id": 183906 }, { "ja": "税制改革への圧力が高まっている。", "furigana": "{税制改革|ぜいせいかいかく}への{圧力|あつりょく}が{高|たか}まっている。", "en": "The pressure for tax reform is growing.", "tatoeba_id": 142476 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "42b5768b3d86b24b3c6c34e5d9e11caa14fa5924503968a29fb1716be180dedf", "meanings": [ "高涨", "提高" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "歓呼の声はどよめきにまで高まった。", "zh": "欢呼声渐渐变得喧腾。" }, { "ja": "税制改革への圧力が高まっている。", "zh": "要求税制改革的压力越来越大。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8c66ef9335", "JMdict ent_seq 1283220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "06c87437f17c833d5dd974e013928b3f6ccdcaae058f4c7e98d1601bd6fba08c" } }, { "id": "63f8921eaf", "word": "焚火", "reading": "たきび", "romaji": "takibi", "meanings": [ "(open) fire" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1504680, "examples": [ { "ja": "僕たちはたき火の周りを踊って回った。", "en": "We danced about the fire.", "tatoeba_id": 82340 }, { "ja": "彼らはたき火の側に座りました。", "en": "They sat down by the fire.", "tatoeba_id": 97810 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9e82a6e6255e2aae06ca82c3eb441e81828b869cb074810c267e349bf2a67306", "meanings": [ "篝火" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "僕たちはたき火の周りを踊って回った。", "zh": "我们围着篝火跳舞。" }, { "ja": "彼らはたき火の側に座りました。", "zh": "他们坐在篝火旁。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/63f8921eaf", "JMdict ent_seq 1504680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "972ec8f7301621a6466636f05431e70218393f9da88f6253d17079e04f25e848" } }, { "id": "371c591e26", "word": "妥協", "reading": "だきょう", "romaji": "dakyou", "meanings": [ "compromise", "giving in" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1408510, "examples": [ { "ja": "ついに父は妥協した。", "furigana": "ついに{父|ちち}は{妥協|だきょう}した。", "en": "Finally, my father compromised.", "tatoeba_id": 202606 }, { "ja": "彼と妥協しなければならなかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}と{妥協|だきょう}しなければならなかった。", "en": "I had to meet him halfway.", "tatoeba_id": 119180 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "25c88add71bb6a025e7d4a5d1566f6cdfc7e88de95440a8f3a61c15992488d88", "meanings": [ "妥协" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ついに父は妥協した。", "zh": "父亲终于妥协了。" }, { "ja": "彼と妥協しなければならなかった。", "zh": "我不得不和他妥协。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/371c591e26", "JMdict ent_seq 1408510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "11a3250eacb3e42f5781ad27f465a4fec7c126cfb645461c59f6b7fbe0be473a" } }, { "id": "c8291517d8", "word": "類", "reading": "たぐい", "romaji": "tagui", "meanings": [ "a kind" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1596870, "examples": [ { "ja": "こういった類の宝石はほとんど価値がない。", "furigana": "こういった{類|たぐい}の{宝石|ほうせき}はほとんど{価値|かち}がない。", "en": "These kinds of jewelry are of little value.", "tatoeba_id": 225020 }, { "ja": "彼はたぐいまれな政治家である。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はたぐいまれな{政治家|せいじか}である。", "en": "He is as great a statesman as ever lived.", "tatoeba_id": 112072 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "be84cd992fd1e354ccb9a15ed0873d15112c74d20a5ff7b7da5be2c9e6caf2c7", "meanings": [ "种类", "同类" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "こういった類の宝石はほとんど価値がない。", "zh": "这类宝石几乎没有价值。" }, { "ja": "彼はたぐいまれな政治家である。", "zh": "他是位罕见的政治家。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c8291517d8", "JMdict ent_seq 1596870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "28f60206b93ba18d6141208ba63ee953cb8b34a746e6b53d518c7c9679aec928" } }, { "id": "6f9cce2604", "word": "逞しい", "reading": "たくましい", "romaji": "takumashii", "meanings": [ "burly", "strong", "sturdy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1573650, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は逞しく逆境に耐えた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{逞|たくま}しく{逆境|ぎゃっきょう}に{耐|た}えた。", "en": "She bore her misfortunes with a brave spirit.", "tatoeba_id": 86175 }, { "ja": "彼は想像力のたくましい少年であった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{想像力|そうぞうりょく}のたくましい{少年|しょうねん}であった。", "en": "He used to be an imaginative boy.", "tatoeba_id": 102874 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f5229252f06a229dd3e6a43d5d4ba8ee749cdfea408d29ad8ee22c2a3965efde", "meanings": [ "强健", "顽强" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は逞しく逆境に耐えた。", "zh": "她顽强地忍受逆境。" }, { "ja": "彼は想像力のたくましい少年であった。", "zh": "他是个想象力丰富的少年。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6f9cce2604", "JMdict ent_seq 1573650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b306a7a3f841e192d4850b727861a4a5df37d8139bc1ddbe7959e34dc8792ed8" } }, { "id": "bcaec73ef9", "word": "巧み", "reading": "たくみ", "romaji": "takumi", "meanings": [ "skill", "cleverness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1278290, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は、話術が巧みだ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は、{話術|わじゅつ}が{巧|たく}みだ。", "en": "He has a good art of talking.", "tatoeba_id": 115360 }, { "ja": "ビルは論争が巧みだ。", "furigana": "ビルは{論争|ろんそう}が{巧|たく}みだ。", "en": "Bill is skillful in arguing and debating.", "tatoeba_id": 197275 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0a78b6606d04d6356d286039fe26149f09df59fb9b55bdd119bef0ccc95d1cd6", "meanings": [ "巧妙", "娴熟" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は、話術が巧みだ。", "zh": "他很擅长说话。" }, { "ja": "ビルは論争が巧みだ。", "zh": "比尔很擅长辩论。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bcaec73ef9", "JMdict ent_seq 1278290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9545ff9758057f1304cf17d9dfbdd7682684d7df9172986d9dc576ba6d1e9156" } }, { "id": "2f632ca933", "word": "丈", "reading": "たけ", "romaji": "take", "meanings": [ "height", "stature", "length", "measure", "all (one has)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1354600, "examples": [ { "ja": "丈の長いコートは、ほとんどくるぶしまで届いていた。", "furigana": "{丈|たけ}の{長|なが}いコートは、ほとんどくるぶしまで{届|とど}いていた。", "en": "He was wearing a long black coat that reached almost to his ankles.", "tatoeba_id": 146194 }, { "ja": "丈を少し詰めていただけますか。", "furigana": "{丈|たけ}を{少|すこ}し{詰|つ}めていただけますか。", "en": "Could you make it a little shorter for me?", "tatoeba_id": 146190 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "77121277c04599a1e90012ab5195d29f56dda15ea3c1c7fae6b2d10f48c798bd", "meanings": [ "长度", "身高" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "丈の長いコートは、ほとんどくるぶしまで届いていた。", "zh": "长外套几乎垂到脚踝。" }, { "ja": "丈を少し詰めていただけますか。", "zh": "可以帮我把衣长改短一点吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2f632ca933", "JMdict ent_seq 1354600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "48e9fcf36ed8ca25d62d4d5fbc43a73cad58f4c65493dfb546ee511578642fc3" } }, { "id": "60c76df858", "word": "打撃", "reading": "だげき", "romaji": "dageki", "meanings": [ "blow", "shock", "strike", "damage", "batting (baseball)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1408870, "examples": [ { "ja": "この何ヶ月かはひどい打撃を受けました。", "furigana": "この{何ヶ月|なんかげつ}かはひどい{打撃|だげき}を{受|う}けました。", "en": "I took such a hammering over recent months.", "tatoeba_id": 222876 }, { "ja": "その知らせは彼にとって打撃だった。", "furigana": "その{知|し}らせは{彼|かれ}にとって{打撃|だげき}だった。", "en": "The news was a blow to him.", "tatoeba_id": 207950 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5740bbc111338bc6ea24840ed383374b0e0280fdf9731409da337ba8035efd98", "meanings": [ "打击" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この何ヶ月かはひどい打撃を受けました。", "zh": "这几个月我遭受了沉重打击。" }, { "ja": "その知らせは彼にとって打撃だった。", "zh": "那个消息对他是个打击。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/60c76df858", "JMdict ent_seq 1408870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c59d4327232239433dd4c848dce35e9005837cfd4df86d9dffc15dced8216abf" } }, { "id": "4f31153f7d", "word": "妥結", "reading": "だけつ", "romaji": "daketsu", "meanings": [ "agreement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1408530, "examples": [ { "ja": "双方は価格について妥結した。", "en": "The two sides reached an agreement on the price." }, { "ja": "交渉はついに妥結した。", "en": "The negotiations finally reached an agreement." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b8f516ffc313dde8b302f8e73537d82f982b421ed11a256fd24871fbc5d0b8ef", "meanings": [ "达成协议" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "双方は価格について妥結した。", "zh": "双方就价格达成了协议。" }, { "ja": "交渉はついに妥結した。", "zh": "谈判最终达成协议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4f31153f7d", "JMdict ent_seq 1408530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1787338a1c769fafb5cc0c6185c82931d22ef811ad09c72eaaf67d36408a86d6" } }, { "id": "6ab801e3b9", "word": "駄作", "reading": "ださく", "romaji": "dasaku", "meanings": [ "poor work", "rubbish" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1409040, "examples": [ { "ja": "『トムとメアリー』は本当に救いようのない駄作だった。", "en": "\"Tom and Mary\" was truly an irredeemable piece of trash.", "tatoeba_id": 2999241 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ece45f32abc033019f1053671edfe5e3b163102271cac5f1711435b565199d5e", "meanings": [ "拙劣作品" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "『トムとメアリー』は本当に救いようのない駄作だった。", "zh": "《汤姆和玛丽》真是一部无可救药的烂作品。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6ab801e3b9", "JMdict ent_seq 1409040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e7fc46b5ea63e8dcaa49c4a80a8e1dd2b2a62f349845b6965133e988483df23b" } }, { "id": "cc5f0dfb05", "word": "足し算", "reading": "たしざん", "romaji": "tashizan", "meanings": [ "addition" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1404680, "examples": [ { "ja": "うちの息子はまだちゃんと足し算ができない。", "furigana": "うちの{息子|むすこ}はまだちゃんと{足|た}し{算|ざん}ができない。", "en": "My boy can't do addition properly yet.", "tatoeba_id": 228182 }, { "ja": "足し算は好きだけど引き算は嫌いだ。", "furigana": "{足|た}し{算|ざん}は{好|す}きだけど{引|ひ}き{算|ざん}は{嫌|きら}いだ。", "en": "I like addition but not subtraction.", "tatoeba_id": 155301 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a62451cdbd2e1cd64ffa2fd9bdad9e0975c377eb6995f5edfcc846f2eccf17ac", "meanings": [ "加法" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "うちの息子はまだちゃんと足し算ができない。", "zh": "我儿子还不能正确做加法。" }, { "ja": "足し算は好きだけど引き算は嫌いだ。", "zh": "我喜欢加法，但讨厌减法。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cc5f0dfb05", "JMdict ent_seq 1404680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7cc7ae1fc2ec825ec8eff39cd37bf07f4de5f0888107e0dae452101b71ff878b" } }, { "id": "4c40ca8dfd", "word": "多数決", "reading": "たすうけつ", "romaji": "tasuuketsu", "meanings": [ "majority rule" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1407870, "examples": [ { "ja": "多数決原理が民主主義の根本原則だ。", "furigana": "{多数決|たすうけつ}{原理|げんり}が{民主主義|みんしゅしゅぎ}の{根本|こんぽん}{原則|げんそく}だ。", "en": "Majority rule is a basic principle of democracy.", "tatoeba_id": 138266 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5397effc4731ceaaf054c77f7be73ded9aad0a2d03f056d9ff7052b2ef5c890e", "meanings": [ "多数表决" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "多数決原理が民主主義の根本原則だ。", "zh": "多数决原则是民主的根本原则。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4c40ca8dfd", "JMdict ent_seq 1407870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d8e6db071e61282e4523d8980fb510fba230b9ca68ba5b80e510ff6359bc67db" } }, { "id": "5123dd1f49", "word": "助け", "reading": "たすけ", "romaji": "tasuke", "meanings": [ "assistance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1344390, "examples": [ { "ja": "けがした男は大声で助けを求めた。", "furigana": "けがした{男|おとこ}は{大声|おおごえ}で{助|たす}けを{求|もと}めた。", "en": "The injured man cried for help.", "tatoeba_id": 225277 }, { "ja": "彼女は助けを求めて悲鳴をあげた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{助|たす}けを{求|もと}めて{悲鳴|ひめい}をあげた。", "en": "She screamed for help.", "tatoeba_id": 88729 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "00ffbc3ac10091084eee1aa29a7e26df25b65b3f034d01fa1fe5cea7c7255d50", "meanings": [ "帮助" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "けがした男は大声で助けを求めた。", "zh": "受伤的男子大声求救。" }, { "ja": "彼女は助けを求めて悲鳴をあげた。", "zh": "她尖叫着求救。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5123dd1f49", "JMdict ent_seq 1344390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c9c88d54311c98df0c9838d7cb80997bb6ddea7a5450d485561866e3b4e8bfa3" } }, { "id": "5abe53229a", "word": "携わる", "reading": "たずさわる", "romaji": "tazusawaru", "meanings": [ "to participate", "to take part" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1250660, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は医学の研究に携わっている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{医学|いがく}の{研究|けんきゅう}に{携|たずさ}わっている。", "en": "He is engaged in medical research.", "tatoeba_id": 110088 }, { "ja": "彼女は社会福祉に携わっている。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{社会福祉|しゃかいふくし}に{携|たずさ}わっている。", "en": "She is engaged in social work.", "tatoeba_id": 90770 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "52f567f9952cceeb308913ef37fa8c44976ebcca1047adc9f3c841a59626e9b6", "meanings": [ "参与", "从事" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は医学の研究に携わっている。", "zh": "他从事医学研究。" }, { "ja": "彼女は社会福祉に携わっている。", "zh": "她从事社会福利工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5abe53229a", "JMdict ent_seq 1250660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6ecee4e85415362586d2dae119634b173060ea9ae886a706ed67f8ba3d115b83" } }, { "id": "2b95723a89", "word": "漂う", "reading": "ただよう", "romaji": "tadayou", "meanings": [ "to drift about", "to float", "to hang in air" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1489240, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのボートは大海を漂っていた。", "furigana": "そのボートは{大海|たいかい}を{漂|ただよ}っていた。", "en": "The boat was drifting in the ocean.", "tatoeba_id": 212640 }, { "ja": "地球は宇宙空間に漂う球体にすぎない。", "furigana": "{地球|ちきゅう}は{宇宙空間|うちゅうくうかん}に{漂|ただよ}う{球体|きゅうたい}にすぎない。", "en": "The earth is just a sphere suspended in space.", "tatoeba_id": 126972 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "87c7aab1b22545cc17d3986c76ccc90e2d1708c2df9bb6c26b8bbe69ce628f88", "meanings": [ "漂浮", "飘荡" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのボートは大海を漂っていた。", "zh": "那艘船漂浮在大海上。" }, { "ja": "地球は宇宙空間に漂う球体にすぎない。", "zh": "地球不过是漂浮在宇宙空间里的球体。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2b95723a89", "JMdict ent_seq 1489240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4ab4b5954f4ff5b29db564dac1bcf3a5b370c7cc4cebb6738e1e158f2b312e73" } }, { "id": "8ee5c7c8db", "word": "立方", "reading": "たちかた", "romaji": "tachikata", "meanings": [ "dancing (geisha)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1551810, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は公演で立方を務めた。", "en": "She performed as a dancer in the performance." }, { "ja": "彼は自分の立ち方を確認した。", "en": "He checked the way he was standing." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "552b1a3bbf5f47ba0a486ee4bb6fc13a96018f3dce7b0781440155ecc5964cce", "meanings": [ "舞者", "站姿" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は公演で立方を務めた。", "zh": "她在演出中担任舞者。" }, { "ja": "彼は自分の立ち方を確認した。", "zh": "他检查自己的站姿。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8ee5c7c8db", "JMdict ent_seq 1551810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6d499742f417fceae3d2f340eb17d002695f50d85d8a81c9c2ee5f6f91f7499e" } }, { "id": "e39921582a", "word": "立ち寄る", "reading": "たちよる", "romaji": "tachiyoru", "meanings": [ "to stop by", "to drop in for a short visit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1551300, "examples": [ { "ja": "夕方会社にお立ち寄りください。", "en": "Drop by my office this evening.", "tatoeba_id": 79039 }, { "ja": "昨日彼がぶらっと立ち寄った。", "en": "He dropped in on me yesterday.", "tatoeba_id": 169839 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bb2d987aa2f8c22e77be218ccf7d00756015efdd98ad2c1737121919770ab703", "meanings": [ "顺道拜访" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "夕方会社にお立ち寄りください。", "zh": "请傍晚顺道到公司来。" }, { "ja": "昨日彼がぶらっと立ち寄った。", "zh": "他昨天顺道过来了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e39921582a", "JMdict ent_seq 1551300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cbb220df3fa1382c8182810cd2878d9c2585a5927440c7b40f2e9ee28e377fce" } }, { "id": "f056b82abe", "word": "絶つ", "reading": "たつ", "romaji": "tatsu", "meanings": [ "to sever", "to cut off", "to suppress", "to abstain (from)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5t", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1597030, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は１８年間働いた会社と関係を絶った。", "en": "He dissociated himself from the firm he had worked for for eighteen years.", "tatoeba_id": 115280 }, { "ja": "あの国は近隣諸国との外交関係を絶った。", "en": "That country broke off diplomatic relations with the neighboring countries.", "tatoeba_id": 231022 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "685c2b460bcd6e50c123e7ab93c42acfc63786e3d7c46deb1245be15f639d943", "meanings": [ "断绝", "戒除" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は１８年間働いた会社と関係を絶った。", "zh": "他断绝了和工作十八年的公司的关系。" }, { "ja": "あの国は近隣諸国との外交関係を絶った。", "zh": "那个国家与邻国断绝了外交关系。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f056b82abe", "JMdict ent_seq 1597030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "58140f4ada105d1c0ba3cb755743b9c0a3bbef39d6279843c727267cf8b8a70e" } }, { "id": "1fd73d0ab0", "word": "達者", "reading": "たっしゃ", "romaji": "tassha", "meanings": [ "skillful", "in good health" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1416240, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はフランス語が達者だ。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はフランス{語|ご}が{達者|たっしゃ}だ。", "en": "She has a good command of French.", "tatoeba_id": 91607 }, { "ja": "彼は水泳が達者でテニスもうまい。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{水泳|すいえい}が{達者|たっしゃ}でテニスもうまい。", "en": "He is a good swimmer and also plays tennis well.", "tatoeba_id": 103492 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c801432e1e9e8db91a18587380daee8685ad04c13f4d1dc5b61fc8880a3403f1", "meanings": [ "擅长", "健康" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はフランス語が達者だ。", "zh": "她法语很好。" }, { "ja": "彼は水泳が達者でテニスもうまい。", "zh": "他擅长游泳，网球也打得不错。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1fd73d0ab0", "JMdict ent_seq 1416240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2cd23f4e5838d36fcba0252391e79555b2723e960a3ea847ad9e5d39094cd103" } }, { "id": "cf719aaae7", "word": "脱出", "reading": "だっしゅつ", "romaji": "dasshutsu", "meanings": [ "escape" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1416520, "examples": [ { "ja": "その脱出は全く奇跡に他ならなかった。", "furigana": "その{脱出|だっしゅつ}は{全|まった}く{奇跡|きせき}に{他|ほか}ならなかった。", "en": "The escape was nothing less than a miracle.", "tatoeba_id": 208217 }, { "ja": "何とかそこから脱出した。", "furigana": "{何|なん}とかそこから{脱出|だっしゅつ}した。", "en": "We made it out of there.", "tatoeba_id": 187789 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "969aed05be74d95be1984537ac4630cbf0c3d0dc4f1b05662cd6b0d75a8d92f8", "meanings": [ "逃脱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その脱出は全く奇跡に他ならなかった。", "zh": "那次逃脱简直是奇迹。" }, { "ja": "何とかそこから脱出した。", "zh": "总算从那里逃出来了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cf719aaae7", "JMdict ent_seq 1416520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b9cc73a9067cc3112df6df04badb7b63936b46ba17d2a4b8bc6ba2ab67455121" } }, { "id": "dc401342c8", "word": "脱する", "reading": "だっする", "romaji": "dassuru", "meanings": [ "to escape from", "to get out" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vs-s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1416420, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの会社は赤字を脱した。", "en": "The company stopped losing money.", "tatoeba_id": 231139 }, { "ja": "私たちはもう危険を脱しました。", "en": "We're in no danger now.", "tatoeba_id": 166142 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2156a08a34047c9229cb4dbbedccb3411262b9db571bf13f5b33bb3e413480d2", "meanings": [ "摆脱", "脱离" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの会社は赤字を脱した。", "zh": "那家公司摆脱了亏损。" }, { "ja": "私たちはもう危険を脱しました。", "zh": "我们已经脱离危险了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dc401342c8", "JMdict ent_seq 1416420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "34653ebfa59caf99bc7a895b0e920a0acf1557756147493338f3ad7b1d697e7f" } }, { "id": "c755d9154e", "word": "達成", "reading": "たっせい", "romaji": "tassei", "meanings": [ "achievement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1416260, "examples": [ { "ja": "アンは望んでいた目標を達成した。", "furigana": "アンは{望|のぞ}んでいた{目標|もくひょう}を{達成|たっせい}した。", "en": "Ann has achieved her desired goal.", "tatoeba_id": 229475 }, { "ja": "彼は必ずその計画を達成するだろう。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{必|かなら}ずその{計画|けいかく}を{達成|たっせい}するだろう。", "en": "He will never fail to carry out the project.", "tatoeba_id": 100647 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "238e32e784ca5965153d0694af355623ca9c4eb940315ad95f3ff212cd5dbeaf", "meanings": [ "达成" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アンは望んでいた目標を達成した。", "zh": "安达到了她期望的目标。" }, { "ja": "彼は必ずその計画を達成するだろう。", "zh": "他一定会完成那项计划。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c755d9154e", "JMdict ent_seq 1416260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ac5874b703af9bb65941e29f1f741c57033da4d69ecdef8e680e1b945117ed10" } }, { "id": "686d8759b3", "word": "たった", "reading": "たった", "romaji": "tatta", "meanings": [ "only", "merely", "but", "no more than" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-f", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1007230, "examples": [ { "ja": "この人形はたった６０セントです。", "furigana": "この{人形|にんぎょう}はたった６０セントです。", "en": "This doll costs only sixty cents.", "tatoeba_id": 220996 }, { "ja": "彼はたったの千円しか持っていない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はたったの{千円|せんえん}しか{持|も}っていない。", "en": "He has no more than 1,000 yen.", "tatoeba_id": 112029 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d18ed5ad7716db36ee64a9b386a0d891d99d3e4bed523f80a72cff269f659950", "meanings": [ "仅仅", "只" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この人形はたった６０セントです。", "zh": "这个娃娃只要六十美分。" }, { "ja": "彼はたったの千円しか持っていない。", "zh": "他身上只有一千日元。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/686d8759b3", "JMdict ent_seq 1007230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "513caca9bbe4e98cac746ce3c66a2af8c17a2a497e219b251640450c3e9947b4" } }, { "id": "bbb456d788", "word": "脱退", "reading": "だったい", "romaji": "dattai", "meanings": [ "secession" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1416570, "examples": [ { "ja": "君は直ちにクラブを脱退したほうがよい。", "furigana": "{君|きみ}は{直|ただ}ちにクラブを{脱退|だったい}したほうがよい。", "en": "You may as well withdraw from the club right away.", "tatoeba_id": 177042 }, { "ja": "彼女は息子をそのクラブから脱退させなければならなかった。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{息子|むすこ}をそのクラブから{脱退|だったい}させなければならなかった。", "en": "She had to withdraw her son from the club.", "tatoeba_id": 88109 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cd6f573f9ee2b2aabde9a5d690986b3abf23d4f9dd7c14abf8e8826dabae7c23", "meanings": [ "退出" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "君は直ちにクラブを脱退したほうがよい。", "zh": "你最好马上退出俱乐部。" }, { "ja": "彼女は息子をそのクラブから脱退させなければならなかった。", "zh": "她不得不让儿子退出那个俱乐部。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bbb456d788", "JMdict ent_seq 1416570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "719d5710424f4223d4352b58d4d5ba29f6da956bf50cb39349fb8ead7dfd8b3b" } }, { "id": "effb9aa394", "word": "貴い", "reading": "たっとい", "romaji": "tattoi", "meanings": [ "precious", "valuable", "priceless", "noble", "exalted", "sacred" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1598620, "examples": [ { "ja": "愛より尊い物はない。", "en": "Nothing is as precious as love.", "tatoeba_id": 191545 }, { "ja": "ご友情は私にはたいそう尊いものです。", "en": "Your friendship means much to me.", "tatoeba_id": 217002 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c13c71d2c14d894444bcdfac87be7bc6160eee25d0006f13f0d52e75a634f99d", "meanings": [ "珍贵", "高尚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "愛より尊い物はない。", "zh": "没有什么比爱更宝贵。" }, { "ja": "ご友情は私にはたいそう尊いものです。", "zh": "您的友情对我非常珍贵。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/effb9aa394", "JMdict ent_seq 1598620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fb54b06d910af71317a6f8035955b7aac97760f18b9726ce325fd4268a8c3da6" } }, { "id": "589a614801", "word": "尊い", "reading": "たっとい", "romaji": "tattoi", "meanings": [ "precious", "valuable", "priceless", "noble", "exalted", "sacred" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1598620, "examples": [ { "ja": "愛より尊い物はない。", "en": "Nothing is as precious as love.", "tatoeba_id": 191545 }, { "ja": "ご友情は私にはたいそう尊いものです。", "en": "Your friendship means much to me.", "tatoeba_id": 217002 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f0a67f711b7f836c5e3e801ed0cba7f0ddf8c371c10bddb7d7762959a34931b5", "meanings": [ "珍贵", "高尚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "愛より尊い物はない。", "zh": "没有什么比爱更宝贵。" }, { "ja": "ご友情は私にはたいそう尊いものです。", "zh": "您的友情对我非常珍贵。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/589a614801", "JMdict ent_seq 1598620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9b87a254b1b1f204ba2a8cb21355ba201d75e15bca5983514186dc89eda29064" } }, { "id": "ee58f26720", "word": "尊ぶ", "reading": "たっとぶ", "romaji": "tattobu", "meanings": [ "to value", "to prize", "to esteem" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5b", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1598640, "examples": [ { "ja": "イギリス人は自由を尊ぶ国民である。", "en": "The English set a high value on freedom.", "tatoeba_id": 229213 }, { "ja": "我々は時間を守ることを尊ぶ。", "en": "We value punctuality.", "tatoeba_id": 185806 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "669e9b0b5ef214996bec85ec0e1be1211c5e5ac9ef309f0d6e8ac3368e0e3a28", "meanings": [ "尊重", "珍视" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "イギリス人は自由を尊ぶ国民である。", "zh": "英国人是珍视自由的民族。" }, { "ja": "我々は時間を守ることを尊ぶ。", "zh": "我们重视守时。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ee58f26720", "JMdict ent_seq 1598640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8fea3af2ed0a2d036194845d02398d4b263eb78e266fa400e93a9ae1777e2145" } }, { "id": "a6c7a41684", "word": "盾", "reading": "たて", "romaji": "tate", "meanings": [ "shield", "buckler", "escutcheon", "pretext" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1341840, "examples": [ { "ja": "盾の両面を見よ。", "furigana": "{盾|たて}の{両面|りょうめん}を{見|み}よ。", "en": "Look on both sides of the shield.", "tatoeba_id": 147583 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "51a1d02d76233c786f96ef8e541f1876ea42e9dc203757945bc4c03ab2fc36c8", "meanings": [ "盾", "借口" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "盾の両面を見よ。", "zh": "看看盾的两面。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a6c7a41684", "JMdict ent_seq 1341840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7fcb84f6d4463b2ed19e9d06f8f4e51d128637ac3e1a2d885292369ac87e8b49" } }, { "id": "2fb15f5d80", "word": "建前", "reading": "たてまえ", "romaji": "tatemae", "meanings": [ "face", "official stance", "public position or attitude (as opposed to private thoughts)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1597110, "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカも本音と建前を使い分ける国だ。", "en": "America is also a country that separates its public motives from its private ones.", "tatoeba_id": 9353959 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "91be7d676cf68ea567a2b59f044b245dba81fee468aa62442b46e9e35b02077d", "meanings": [ "场面话", "公开立场" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカも本音と建前を使い分ける国だ。", "zh": "美国也是区分真心话和场面话的国家。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2fb15f5d80", "JMdict ent_seq 1597110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "595ffbc1da1273e2be0371b1e3ffde93339ab20738f07a3c50f2d0db37197f58" } }, { "id": "d583c8f8e6", "word": "奉る", "reading": "たてまつる", "romaji": "tatematsuru", "meanings": [ "to offer", "to present", "to revere", "to do respectfully" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1584070, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは神に供物を奉った。", "en": "They offered a gift to the deity." }, { "ja": "人々はその神を奉っている。", "en": "People revere that deity." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d6bb54c5344c4915b2f7453ce2fc175160876d54b99e579f58cae98970a335d9", "meanings": [ "奉献", "敬奉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは神に供物を奉った。", "zh": "他们向神明奉上供品。" }, { "ja": "人々はその神を奉っている。", "zh": "人们敬奉那位神明。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d583c8f8e6", "JMdict ent_seq 1584070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "029a92eced99342a181b8b835c12e0dc1a5170b8619d1d0ff6554676205c122a" } }, { "id": "18597d193c", "word": "他動詞", "reading": "たどうし", "romaji": "tadoushi", "meanings": [ "transitive verb (direct obj)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1407290, "examples": [ { "ja": "動詞には目的語をとらない自動詞と、目的語をとる他動詞があります。", "furigana": "{動詞|どうし}には{目的語|もくてきご}をとらない{自動詞|じどうし}と、{目的語|もくてきご}をとる{他動詞|たどうし}があります。", "en": "With verbs there are intransitive verbs that don't take an object, and transitive verbs that do take an object.", "tatoeba_id": 75163 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ff7bacacffbc772fa121f086a0b280a192746e7d461089cbe423c1fe48d17721", "meanings": [ "他动词" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "動詞には目的語をとらない自動詞と、目的語をとる他動詞があります。", "zh": "动词有不带宾语的自动词和带宾语的他动词。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/18597d193c", "JMdict ent_seq 1407290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6381f4f5897deb68d6bc726f4b6a6f4d9db4a8323605a83db0e4a1ea31ef7493" } }, { "id": "cb1e6d49fa", "word": "仮令", "reading": "たとえ", "romaji": "tatoe", "meanings": [ "even if", "if", "though", "although" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1597125, "examples": [ { "ja": "たとえ両親が反対しても私は留学したい。", "furigana": "たとえ{両親|りょうしん}が{反対|はんたい}しても{私|わたし}は{留学|りゅうがく}したい。", "en": "I want to study abroad, even if my parents are against it.", "tatoeba_id": 203450 }, { "ja": "たとえ雨が降っても、その試合は行われるだろう。", "furigana": "たとえ{雨|あめ}が{降|ふ}っても、その{試合|しあい}は{行|おこな}われるだろう。", "en": "The game will be played even if it rains.", "tatoeba_id": 203527 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "36f2f189c6bb5cf0783c25a1803d424a336556f72ecdc566a139c74c7901728a", "meanings": [ "即使" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "たとえ両親が反対しても私は留学したい。", "zh": "即使父母反对，我也想留学。" }, { "ja": "たとえ雨が降っても、その試合は行われるだろう。", "zh": "即使下雨，比赛也会举行。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cb1e6d49fa", "JMdict ent_seq 1597125; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6627e7a894e2ee6af24dcf7f9fd463b86b2e8784d43ef1a5a4dc6750b5b90884" } }, { "id": "1ad79e658f", "word": "辿り着く", "reading": "たどりつく", "romaji": "tadoritsuku", "meanings": [ "to grope along to", "to struggle on to", "to arrive somewhere after a struggle" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1416680, "examples": [ { "ja": "私達はついに頂上へたどり着いた。", "en": "At last, we reached the summit.", "tatoeba_id": 151744 }, { "ja": "彼らは丘のふもとの村にたどり着いた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{丘|おか}のふもとの{村|むら}にたどり{着|つ}いた。", "en": "They got to a village under a hill.", "tatoeba_id": 97358 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0a829601785b35d426ff6b769dd125c688001d79252c9c113a41e86817cf6ccf", "meanings": [ "好不容易到达" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私達はついに頂上へたどり着いた。", "zh": "我们终于到达了山顶。" }, { "ja": "彼らは丘のふもとの村にたどり着いた。", "zh": "他们到达了山脚下的村庄。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1ad79e658f", "JMdict ent_seq 1416680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "28047f4c5500df3cf34027f991afa095be56ae47dc4eeea78e5180d421db8adc" } }, { "id": "91ef5b35f4", "word": "辿る", "reading": "たどる", "romaji": "tadoru", "meanings": [ "to follow (road)", "to pursue (course)", "to follow up" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1416690, "examples": [ { "ja": "森の中の小道を辿っていくのは楽しいことだ。", "furigana": "{森|もり}の{中|なか}の{小道|こみち}を{辿|たど}っていくのは{楽|たの}しいことだ。", "en": "It's fun to follow the path through the woods.", "tatoeba_id": 145078 }, { "ja": "猟師は熊の足跡をたどった。", "furigana": "{猟師|りょうし}は{熊|くま}の{足跡|あしあと}をたどった。", "en": "The hunter followed the bear's tracks.", "tatoeba_id": 77902 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9894e2e08712c37a4bc59d99caf8c8f72fc4a17c72ec5ecf9ede95bdadba4cd5", "meanings": [ "沿着", "追踪" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "森の中の小道を辿っていくのは楽しいことだ。", "zh": "沿着森林里的小路走很有趣。" }, { "ja": "猟師は熊の足跡をたどった。", "zh": "猎人追踪熊的脚印。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/91ef5b35f4", "JMdict ent_seq 1416690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6e8bbe0c4be9010a1116fb08de85686c69a2f039832d82607d2617c7817182ff" } }, { "id": "a7273380c4", "word": "頼み", "reading": "たのみ", "romaji": "tanomi", "meanings": [ "request", "favor", "reliance", "dependence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1610270, "examples": [ { "ja": "きっぱりと彼の頼みを断りなさい。", "furigana": "きっぱりと{彼|かれ}の{頼|たの}みを{断|ことわ}りなさい。", "en": "Turn him down once for all.", "tatoeba_id": 225984 }, { "ja": "頼みさえすれば、その花はもらえます。", "furigana": "{頼|たの}みさえすれば、その{花|はな}はもらえます。", "en": "The flower is yours for the asking.", "tatoeba_id": 78566 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "766b559ecb78903e340d54ece9d8ba01651b0efcaf86b89fba5304c4c0452737", "meanings": [ "请求", "依靠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "きっぱりと彼の頼みを断りなさい。", "zh": "干脆地拒绝他的请求吧。" }, { "ja": "頼みさえすれば、その花はもらえます。", "zh": "只要你开口，就能得到那朵花。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a7273380c4", "JMdict ent_seq 1610270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a81c69bf6ed367c3f08baf1dfd5a442156f5a05585320863773a991b68133142" } }, { "id": "46d9eb73dd", "word": "だぶだぶ", "reading": "だぶだぶ", "romaji": "dabudabu", "meanings": [ "loose", "baggy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adj-no", "adv", "adv-to", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1007430, "examples": [ { "ja": "だぶだぶの上着が最新の流行なのだ。", "en": "Loose jackets are the latest fad.", "tatoeba_id": 203365 }, { "ja": "彼女はだぶだぶの上着を着ている。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はだぶだぶの{上着|うわぎ}を{着|き}ている。", "en": "She's wearing a loose coat.", "tatoeba_id": 92147 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "27502e7619052d6d3300f5ca0ebb26ba5c239530369440f171ee4313cf008868", "meanings": [ "宽松" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "だぶだぶの上着が最新の流行なのだ。", "zh": "宽松的上衣是最新潮流。" }, { "ja": "彼女はだぶだぶの上着を着ている。", "zh": "她穿着宽松的上衣。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/46d9eb73dd", "JMdict ent_seq 1007430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e8c438d205e39303c0bfc0e1f40870c605f854a44f5283c04d21b09b102ff01d" } }, { "id": "13cfbf92f0", "word": "ダブる", "reading": "ダブる", "romaji": "daburu", "meanings": [ "to coincide (fall on the same day)", "to have two of something", "to repeat a school year after failing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1077100, "examples": [ { "ja": "祭日が日曜にダブると月曜が休みになる。", "furigana": "{祭日|さいじつ}が{日曜|にちよう}にダブると{月曜|げつよう}が{休|やす}みになる。", "en": "When a holiday falls on Sunday, we have an extra holiday on Monday.", "tatoeba_id": 170291 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "40874e5b9f0a062d22302e10093a82a9ce786e114b31f9719a18394ec989d9f3", "meanings": [ "重复", "重叠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "祭日が日曜にダブると月曜が休みになる。", "zh": "节日与星期天重合时，星期一放假。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/13cfbf92f0", "JMdict ent_seq 1077100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "70c724b92df8b9a646faff6679faa28e58e1b9413b9cbbbf481e705efcfbe7da" } }, { "id": "ea169df7d8", "word": "他方", "reading": "たほう", "romaji": "tahou", "meanings": [ "another side", "different direction", "(on) the other hand" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1407370, "examples": [ { "ja": "どちらかが他方よりいい、というのではない。", "furigana": "どちらかが{他方|たほう}よりいい、というのではない。", "en": "One way is not better than the other.", "tatoeba_id": 200821 }, { "ja": "その仕事はあまりおもしろくなかったが、他方で報酬が良かった。", "furigana": "その{仕事|しごと}はあまりおもしろくなかったが、{他方|たほう}で{報酬|ほうしゅう}が{良|よ}かった。", "en": "That job was not very interesting, but on the other hand it was well paid.", "tatoeba_id": 210393 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6a42e2db47a0c2c614061bde224c93ebb1bb2050fbc438892c74b93fa225e82d", "meanings": [ "另一方面" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "どちらかが他方よりいい、というのではない。", "zh": "并不是说其中一个比另一个好。" }, { "ja": "その仕事はあまりおもしろくなかったが、他方で報酬が良かった。", "zh": "那份工作不太有趣，但另一方面报酬不错。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ea169df7d8", "JMdict ent_seq 1407370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "76f69976071ab60b22f96b0a35d494b27b3f42629a459b41ac73ecdb3739eb08" } }, { "id": "19edf83342", "word": "多忙", "reading": "たぼう", "romaji": "tabou", "meanings": [ "busy", "pressure of work" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1408040, "examples": [ { "ja": "たとえ多忙でも彼は来るだろう。", "furigana": "たとえ{多忙|たぼう}でも{彼|かれ}は{来|く}るだろう。", "en": "Even if he is busy, he will come.", "tatoeba_id": 203482 }, { "ja": "彼女は多忙のため来られなかった。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{多忙|たぼう}のため{来|こ}られなかった。", "en": "She couldn't come on account of being busy.", "tatoeba_id": 88066 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "76bb6d42bef11bafaeb625053753bfb86adb06a991e469c756dc4771abe3a252", "meanings": [ "繁忙" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "たとえ多忙でも彼は来るだろう。", "zh": "即使很忙，他也会来吧。" }, { "ja": "彼女は多忙のため来られなかった。", "zh": "她因为太忙没能来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/19edf83342", "JMdict ent_seq 1408040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fff1f5f4200527857fcfa24f2fde33aa2f4388c05e363c99a6ed5e672ce4358c" } }, { "id": "8ddba4675b", "word": "給う", "reading": "たまう", "romaji": "tamau", "meanings": [ "to receive", "to grant" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1230220, "examples": [ { "ja": "神、初めに天と地を創り給えり。", "en": "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.", "tatoeba_id": 144946 }, { "ja": "我々に生命を与えた神は我々に同時に自由を与え給うた。", "furigana": "{我々|われわれ}に{生命|せいめい}を{与|あた}えた{神|かみ}は{我々|われわれ}に{同時|どうじ}に{自由|じゆう}を{与|あた}え{給|たま}うた。", "en": "The God who gave us life, gave us liberty at the same time.", "tatoeba_id": 186344 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "020212ef5e7dcc1b2a853946525e2d80537f85b63fe0864084a4df9aaa0a9d01", "meanings": [ "赐予", "做" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "神、初めに天と地を創り給えり。", "zh": "神在最初创造了天地。" }, { "ja": "我々に生命を与えた神は我々に同時に自由を与え給うた。", "zh": "赐予我们生命的神，同时也赐予了我们自由。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8ddba4675b", "JMdict ent_seq 1230220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7c441091670c805623ea56c8c83554b45831e0a776af5708c306142baece032b" } }, { "id": "692bfa601e", "word": "溜まり", "reading": "たまり", "romaji": "tamari", "meanings": [ "collected things", "gathering place", "arrears" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1552620, "examples": [ { "ja": "雨のあと、道路に水溜まりができた。", "furigana": "{雨|あめ}のあと、{道路|どうろ}に{水溜|みずた}まりができた。", "en": "After the rain, there were puddles on the street.", "tatoeba_id": 189610 }, { "ja": "雨が岩場の窪んだところにいくつもの水溜まりを作っていた。", "furigana": "{雨|あめ}が{岩場|いわば}の{窪|くぼ}んだところにいくつもの{水溜|みずた}まりを{作|つく}っていた。", "en": "Rain formed pools in the hollow spaces on the rocks.", "tatoeba_id": 189809 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "43bf1e53057ad75aec7a6738324ec7d256c642e06a2b30db3efdb886a5cfd96a", "meanings": [ "积聚", "水洼" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "雨のあと、道路に水溜まりができた。", "zh": "下雨后路上出现了水洼。" }, { "ja": "雨が岩場の窪んだところにいくつもの水溜まりを作っていた。", "zh": "雨水在岩石的凹处形成了许多水洼。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/692bfa601e", "JMdict ent_seq 1552620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "13c0c3f3c33e67c3275782794812f9c0f214c03f6fa991df39f98231ea437abf" } }, { "id": "da6e6e95fb", "word": "賜る", "reading": "たまわる", "romaji": "tamawaru", "meanings": [ "to grant", "to bestow" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1312860, "examples": [ { "ja": "浅学非才の私ではありますが、何とぞ皆様のお力を賜りたく、ここにお願い申し上げる次第です。", "en": "I may not have much to offer in the way of learning or ability, but I want to do whatever I can for us all and humbly ask for your favor.", "tatoeba_id": 141227 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d60c048e63095422e0c615244c373d3db0f3f72d94dc31bb85d1bf74bfa599b0", "meanings": [ "承蒙赐予", "赐予" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "浅学非才の私ではありますが、何とぞ皆様のお力を賜りたく、ここにお願い申し上げる次第です。", "zh": "尽管我才疏学浅，仍恳请各位给予帮助。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/da6e6e95fb", "JMdict ent_seq 1312860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "851c1eda5f0fcf79c7bce60027364e45ead6b8b89d693e094a7a51ae171c4227" } }, { "id": "d16c7a5e1e", "word": "例", "reading": "ためし", "romaji": "tameshi", "meanings": [ "instance", "example", "case", "precedent", "experience", "custom", "usage", "parallel", "illustration" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2713240, "examples": [ { "ja": "これまでにそのような例はない。", "en": "There is no such precedent." }, { "ja": "この問題には前の例がある。", "en": "There is a precedent for this issue." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2b8b4ac173fb36e8f56dcedcd48b7f85ea99970d8a8eba92fe5a4ac3b59849fd", "meanings": [ "先例", "例子" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これまでにそのような例はない。", "zh": "以前没有这样的先例。" }, { "ja": "この問題には前の例がある。", "zh": "这个问题并非没有先例。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d16c7a5e1e", "JMdict ent_seq 2713240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ee39c346ca76fb60e958c2b31dfa90d26be37d807653de28b569fa87611e8aa5" } }, { "id": "caded48b64", "word": "保つ", "reading": "たもつ", "romaji": "tamotsu", "meanings": [ "to keep", "to preserve", "to hold", "to retain", "to maintain", "to support", "to sustain", "to last", "to endure", "to keep well (food)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5t", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1513250, "examples": [ { "ja": "体面を保つために行った。", "en": "For appearances sake, I went.", "tatoeba_id": 137961 }, { "ja": "彼女は落ち着きを保とうと努めた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{落|お}ち{着|つ}きを{保|たも}とうと{努|つと}めた。", "en": "She tried to keep her presence of mind.", "tatoeba_id": 86325 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e04dd7d706d1ccc77526972f150d59501324f119017f14760d98f8907261a9c1", "meanings": [ "保持", "维持" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "体面を保つために行った。", "zh": "为了维护体面而去做了。" }, { "ja": "彼女は落ち着きを保とうと努めた。", "zh": "她努力保持镇定。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/caded48b64", "JMdict ent_seq 1513250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "193e80ae86615272332ed0e609ca3fea6286d0847a71566c6264c610c0537e12" } }, { "id": "8926d1d955", "word": "容易い", "reading": "たやすい", "romaji": "tayasui", "meanings": [ "easy", "simple", "light" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1545360, "examples": [ { "ja": "君が問題を解く容易さには驚くぜ。", "furigana": "{君|きみ}が{問題|もんだい}を{解|と}く{容易|たやす}さには{驚|おどろ}くぜ。", "en": "I'm amazed by the ease with which you solve the problem.", "tatoeba_id": 178855 }, { "ja": "言うのはた易いが、行うのは難しい。", "en": "Easier said than done.", "tatoeba_id": 174786 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "978e85b7cdeb09ed72e84cca0a0ab3fd6de8168033ec16583cf7de398d6e966d", "meanings": [ "容易" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "君が問題を解く容易さには驚くぜ。", "zh": "你解题如此轻松，真让我吃惊。" }, { "ja": "言うのはた易いが、行うのは難しい。", "zh": "说起来容易，做起来难。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8926d1d955", "JMdict ent_seq 1545360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "00b2d05f780b90523d3ce8105c8ef813be94740692121d41aaa329fa1c0e149c" } }, { "id": "b70211c5e0", "word": "多様", "reading": "たよう", "romaji": "tayou", "meanings": [ "diversity", "variety" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1408100, "examples": [ { "ja": "話題は多様多種だった。", "en": "We talked about a variety of topics.", "tatoeba_id": 77140 }, { "ja": "彼の才能は大変素晴らしくそして多様であった。", "en": "His abilities were very great and various.", "tatoeba_id": 117284 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7a1ed5bb6688cc62f81e78877942e7b11eb64cd1fc59dfc8b10b1bfb3b5b8abb", "meanings": [ "多样" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "話題は多様多種だった。", "zh": "话题多种多样。" }, { "ja": "彼の才能は大変素晴らしくそして多様であった。", "zh": "他的才能非常出色且多样。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b70211c5e0", "JMdict ent_seq 1408100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d904c6e788f8f2ae3e4b710f367b8692bca1c0a752d497310c5b65a1249a9570" } }, { "id": "0edcf936db", "word": "だらけ", "reading": "だらけ", "romaji": "darake", "meanings": [ "implying (negatively) that something is full of e.g. mistakes" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1007480, "examples": [ { "ja": "その部屋は紙くずだらけだった。", "furigana": "その{部屋|へや}は{紙|かみ}くずだらけだった。", "en": "The room was littered with scraps of paper.", "tatoeba_id": 206955 }, { "ja": "この本は間違いだらけだ。", "furigana": "この{本|ほん}は{間違|まちが}いだらけだ。", "en": "This book is full of mistakes.", "tatoeba_id": 219654 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ca6767d20a1cb2529ab96fae84961944e873ec78d6fcadcb0112cd48f371abd6", "meanings": [ "满是" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その部屋は紙くずだらけだった。", "zh": "那个房间里满是纸屑。" }, { "ja": "この本は間違いだらけだ。", "zh": "这本书里满是错误。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0edcf936db", "JMdict ent_seq 1007480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "10bcb369a59ae3866b214c575e1741f1cd91a1a00d49b7357192065e747df15b" } }, { "id": "43461422a9", "word": "怠い", "reading": "だるい", "romaji": "darui", "meanings": [ "sluggish", "feel heavy", "languid", "dull" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1007520, "examples": [ { "ja": "だるいし頭がずきずきする。", "furigana": "だるいし{頭|あたま}がずきずきする。", "en": "I feel listless and have a throbbing headache.", "tatoeba_id": 203252 }, { "ja": "教授のだるい講演で寝てしまった。", "furigana": "{教授|きょうじゅ}のだるい{講演|こうえん}で{寝|ね}てしまった。", "en": "The professor's boring lecture put me to sleep.", "tatoeba_id": 180162 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "70b19f32ddab7453edee4d2740bdad5b5d96a23e315d98d5bbba13ad658f7655", "meanings": [ "疲倦", "乏味" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "だるいし頭がずきずきする。", "zh": "身体发沉，头也一阵阵地疼。" }, { "ja": "教授のだるい講演で寝てしまった。", "zh": "教授的讲座太乏味，我睡着了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/43461422a9", "JMdict ent_seq 1007520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "06290a3d816253c0c092ba2d8ffd90b02f913fd1e14e7f66fde0cbd619894d81" } }, { "id": "3a27cdfca7", "word": "弛み", "reading": "たるみ", "romaji": "tarumi", "meanings": [ "slack", "slackening", "dullness", "letdown" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1421570, "examples": [ { "ja": "ロープにたるみがある。", "en": "There is slack in the rope." }, { "ja": "仕事にたるみが生じた。", "en": "There was a lapse in work discipline." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ad57b315327076a43cc6fdcf6e804a4da3305e5b35cd77547fe53d98168f92c7", "meanings": [ "松弛", "懈怠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ロープにたるみがある。", "zh": "绳子有些松弛。" }, { "ja": "仕事にたるみが生じた。", "zh": "工作中出现了松懈。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3a27cdfca7", "JMdict ent_seq 1421570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "66c1bad9613dfeb0faa911fd4ac2cb6256f43125352734278a332f9e41e381b1" } }, { "id": "10b51c7b3d", "word": "弛む", "reading": "たるむ", "romaji": "tarumu", "meanings": [ "to slacken", "to loosen", "to relax" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1421580, "examples": [ { "ja": "ロープがたるんだ。", "en": "The rope became slack." }, { "ja": "仕事中に気がたるんだ。", "en": "My attention slackened at work." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "788de74d4f278cef91d9d779b2f9b99e1d5ba27c8ab48b863c4f97c642415f55", "meanings": [ "松弛", "懈怠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ロープがたるんだ。", "zh": "绳子松了。" }, { "ja": "仕事中に気がたるんだ。", "zh": "工作时注意力松懈了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/10b51c7b3d", "JMdict ent_seq 1421580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d5a2013cfb40a3c13e519d96ae05c29f08d38445318b0a09202dcf4e39aaac31" } }, { "id": "d3809a260e", "word": "垂れる", "reading": "たれる", "romaji": "tareru", "meanings": [ "to hang", "to droop", "to drop", "to lower", "to pull down", "to dangle", "to sag", "to drip", "to ooze", "to trickle", "to leave behind (at death)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1370870, "examples": [ { "ja": "濡れたタオルから滴が垂れている。", "furigana": "{濡|ぬ}れたタオルから{滴|しずく}が{垂|た}れている。", "en": "Water is dripping from the wet towel.", "tatoeba_id": 198656 }, { "ja": "彼の服からしずくが垂れていた。", "en": "His clothes were dripping.", "tatoeba_id": 116201 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fc63b665ab3821c7f1a3c40cd904e4c927114ba31154f8d304deb940cae44606", "meanings": [ "下垂", "滴落" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "濡れたタオルから滴が垂れている。", "zh": "水滴从湿毛巾上滴下来。" }, { "ja": "彼の服からしずくが垂れていた。", "zh": "水滴从他的衣服上滴落。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d3809a260e", "JMdict ent_seq 1370870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8a0cac5ae5d0a0937c11da5a1d8647c007e7e9b31f3f822535bd2cf5d501d70f" } }, { "id": "9ce64c5023", "word": "タレント", "reading": "タレント", "romaji": "tarento", "meanings": [ "talent", "star", "personality" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1076460, "examples": [ { "ja": "あのタレントはひっぱりだこである。", "en": "That talent is much sought after.", "tatoeba_id": 231310 }, { "ja": "私は子供のころ、松田聖子のようなタレントになりたかった。", "en": "When I was a kid, I dreamed of becoming a star like Seiko Matsuda.", "tatoeba_id": 156561 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "22205ce24d5d6436666e5cc7f6844e5022e309c5cafe567b6cefb036a83077c9", "meanings": [ "艺人", "才艺" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あのタレントはひっぱりだこである。", "zh": "那位艺人非常抢手。" }, { "ja": "私は子供のころ、松田聖子のようなタレントになりたかった。", "zh": "小时候我想成为像松田圣子那样的艺人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9ce64c5023", "JMdict ent_seq 1076460; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "87a8c07f9dcb9df98a365f74d5fa0db170ac9cad76e4ca44e72832b7d8b174ee" } }, { "id": "5b13a6dd8f", "word": "タワー", "reading": "タワー", "romaji": "tawaa", "meanings": [ "tower" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1076470, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたは東京タワーを訪れましたか。", "furigana": "あなたは{東京|とうきょう}タワーを{訪|おとず}れましたか。", "en": "Did you visit the Tokyo Tower?", "tatoeba_id": 231707 }, { "ja": "タワーからは眼下に平野が見晴らせる。", "furigana": "タワーからは{眼下|がんか}に{平野|へいや}が{見晴|みは}らせる。", "en": "From the tower you can look out across the plain spread beneath your eyes.", "tatoeba_id": 2210533 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "77edd92454dbc8b055f03fe8bb3fcb8112ef9c68d52aaf142eaf557c3f2f22ad", "meanings": [ "塔" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたは東京タワーを訪れましたか。", "zh": "你参观过东京塔吗？" }, { "ja": "タワーからは眼下に平野が見晴らせる。", "zh": "从塔上可以俯瞰平原。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5b13a6dd8f", "JMdict ent_seq 1076470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1d11465951c8e4cd233aa2d43183cde1b4fd4276c1ff52658b1bf2abe4c50a86" } }, { "id": "789cb27c85", "word": "歎", "reading": "たん", "romaji": "tan", "meanings": [ "grief", "sigh", "lamentation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1891990, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の歎は深かった。", "en": "His grief was deep." }, { "ja": "友の死に人々は歎の声を上げた。", "en": "People lamented the death of their friend." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "96527fdbb369734fdafca82da47f28ef75fe80996a482ae01cbe9664691931e0", "meanings": [ "叹息", "悲叹" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の歎は深かった。", "zh": "他的叹息很深。" }, { "ja": "友の死に人々は歎の声を上げた。", "zh": "人们为友人的死而悲叹。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/789cb27c85", "JMdict ent_seq 1891990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7ff6e22c5eef17d89fe91982ab2fe34784af9bb56eb8f7947d9373f70dcfecc6" } }, { "id": "a6da3499d8", "word": "反", "reading": "たん", "romaji": "tan", "meanings": [ "roll of cloth (c. 10 yds.)", "245 acres", "300 tsubo" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1480050, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は布を一反買った。", "en": "She bought a bolt of cloth." }, { "ja": "この田はおよそ一反ある。", "en": "This field measures approximately one tan." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f926fda3245828d8aebb6bff93f30ee33e588a3841a61c00adb7e934095de2ce", "meanings": [ "匹", "反" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は布を一反買った。", "zh": "她买了一匹布。" }, { "ja": "この田はおよそ一反ある。", "zh": "这块田约一反。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a6da3499d8", "JMdict ent_seq 1480050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2bcb3c9071ddd390644dc7349e899d144c39a3e45bafbbf717015e0061916033" } }, { "id": "8d67659ba3", "word": "壇", "reading": "だん", "romaji": "dan", "meanings": [ "platform", "podium", "rostrum", "(archaic) mandala" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1419320, "examples": [ { "ja": "演説者は壇に上がった。", "en": "The speaker stepped onto the platform." }, { "ja": "壇の上に花が置いてある。", "en": "Flowers are placed on the platform." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b7110229494ff8a393944513a41dcbc1d763e36c06cd8f826888f13a4b1e44b7", "meanings": [ "台", "讲坛" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "演説者は壇に上がった。", "zh": "演讲者站上了讲台。" }, { "ja": "壇の上に花が置いてある。", "zh": "讲台上摆着花。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8d67659ba3", "JMdict ent_seq 1419320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2e98738173f69b491516bf1bd36d59f542866c7f8a15c39b963452c3b790c244" } }, { "id": "606b4ac32d", "word": "単一", "reading": "たんいつ", "romaji": "tan'itsu", "meanings": [ "single", "simple", "sole", "individual", "unitory" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1417100, "examples": [ { "ja": "ねじ、てこ、くさび、滑車などは単一機械と呼ばれる。", "en": "The screw, the lever, the wedge, the pulley, etc. are called simple machines.", "tatoeba_id": 198614 }, { "ja": "体制に従おうとする意識は、この単一民族社会の本質的な要素である。", "en": "Conformity is an essential element of our homogeneous community.", "tatoeba_id": 137971 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5b60f8340ff982343cf67fa557c2bdae6328f92aa5716e8827766764d5ddd3f5", "meanings": [ "单一" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ねじ、てこ、くさび、滑車などは単一機械と呼ばれる。", "zh": "螺丝、杠杆、楔子和滑轮等被称为简单机械。" }, { "ja": "体制に従おうとする意識は、この単一民族社会の本質的な要素である。", "zh": "服从体制的意识是这个单一民族社会的重要因素。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/606b4ac32d", "JMdict ent_seq 1417100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "33990b9c40496b5b521453fcee2ab23c88f766f07b5aff234b8da2cd5dc1938d" } }, { "id": "62053b0356", "word": "担架", "reading": "たんか", "romaji": "tanka", "meanings": [ "stretcher", "litter" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1418150, "examples": [ { "ja": "救助隊は担架でけが人を運んだ。", "en": "The rescue team carried the injured person on a stretcher." }, { "ja": "けが人は担架に乗せられた。", "en": "The injured person was placed on a stretcher." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4ab749a482769bb2a0ee207d6e51d363f5ebe1fb76f8bc021ef4b4232f821c6e", "meanings": [ "担架" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "救助隊は担架でけが人を運んだ。", "zh": "救援人员用担架运送伤者。" }, { "ja": "けが人は担架に乗せられた。", "zh": "伤者被放在担架上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/62053b0356", "JMdict ent_seq 1418150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4fae3c34bf3b870ca388b529f458d8d92049b70db61e1ad870d5b3d28d863699" } }, { "id": "873a4f5e09", "word": "短歌", "reading": "たんか", "romaji": "tanka", "meanings": [ "tanka", "31-syllable Japanese poem" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1418630, "examples": [ { "ja": "詩歌とは、詩や短歌のことです。", "en": "Shika are verses and 31-syllable poems.", "tatoeba_id": 1621767 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9ab1cf2a87f632bc899595ab20f7172d59de13b40a22c8e723672ab5c26a62fa", "meanings": [ "短歌" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "詩歌とは、詩や短歌のことです。", "zh": "诗歌是指诗和短歌。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/873a4f5e09", "JMdict ent_seq 1418630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8cfd4405de59659ef88a24f851ec7cc031e20b64ed29e297bbdc04efaebbe342" } }, { "id": "fe3835d1e1", "word": "短気", "reading": "たんき", "romaji": "tanki", "meanings": [ "quick temper" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1418670, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の短気は手に負えない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}の{短気|たんき}は{手|て}に{負|お}えない。", "en": "He has an uncontrollable temper.", "tatoeba_id": 116545 }, { "ja": "子供に対して短気を起こしてはいけない。", "furigana": "{子供|こども}に{対|たい}して{短気|たんき}を{起|お}こしてはいけない。", "en": "You shouldn't be impatient with children.", "tatoeba_id": 168662 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "728f3c3dc3bfb8ffd6d327b9bf53da31b29db722d4b715dc787fbee4d245741c", "meanings": [ "急性子" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の短気は手に負えない。", "zh": "他的急脾气让人受不了。" }, { "ja": "子供に対して短気を起こしてはいけない。", "zh": "不要对孩子发脾气。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fe3835d1e1", "JMdict ent_seq 1418670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "50d7417001360d0bdcf9b76f30c1a75d31b93dd28e7582d14bb4622faf520c72" } }, { "id": "bd5b683c73", "word": "団結", "reading": "だんけつ", "romaji": "danketsu", "meanings": [ "unity", "union", "combination" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1419230, "examples": [ { "ja": "２つのグループが団結して１つの政党になった。", "furigana": "２つのグループが{団結|だんけつ}して１つの{政党|せいとう}になった。", "en": "Two groups united to form a party.", "tatoeba_id": 235548 }, { "ja": "団結すれば、どんなことでもできる。", "furigana": "{団結|だんけつ}すれば、どんなことでもできる。", "en": "United, we are equal to most anything.", "tatoeba_id": 127336 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9d5a7b9061f2db7efd36438becc6d5a135d3bf162b985425c4aad1b6b9d2dace", "meanings": [ "团结" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "２つのグループが団結して１つの政党になった。", "zh": "两个团体联合成一个政党。" }, { "ja": "団結すれば、どんなことでもできる。", "zh": "只要团结，什么事都能做到。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bd5b683c73", "JMdict ent_seq 1419230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1e8301e8e142df8e38eb3e4e9ad78bfb044ef794df06ddda35dfa718186cd0f5" } }, { "id": "06e0608460", "word": "探検", "reading": "たんけん", "romaji": "tanken", "meanings": [ "exploration", "expedition" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1597250, "examples": [ { "ja": "この探検には、お金がかかる。", "furigana": "この{探検|たんけん}には、お{金|かね}がかかる。", "en": "This expedition will be expensive.", "tatoeba_id": 220634 }, { "ja": "彼はアマゾンのジャングルを探検した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はアマゾンのジャングルを{探検|たんけん}した。", "en": "He explored the Amazon jungle.", "tatoeba_id": 114875 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6af36c09b08e5a87b3823edada4138129d5fe2de03fa87a69fd0df7571dfe3f1", "meanings": [ "探险" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この探検には、お金がかかる。", "zh": "这次探险要花钱。" }, { "ja": "彼はアマゾンのジャングルを探検した。", "zh": "他探索了亚马孙丛林。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/06e0608460", "JMdict ent_seq 1597250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "09e8fee1ac534c615415e0ba1372f9ff16ea2ee530c519a04b535af37a76a90e" } }, { "id": "2031fc3753", "word": "断言", "reading": "だんげん", "romaji": "dangen", "meanings": [ "declaration", "affirmation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1419590, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼が潔白だと断言した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{彼|かれ}が{潔白|けっぱく}だと{断言|だんげん}した。", "en": "I affirmed that he was innocent.", "tatoeba_id": 154492 }, { "ja": "彼女は彼が不正直だと断言した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{彼|かれ}が{不正直|ふしょうじき}だと{断言|だんげん}した。", "en": "She declared him to be dishonest.", "tatoeba_id": 87475 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a761a11c487f51ee711faf2c78341205245761e704d133d0642017603cba8ce2", "meanings": [ "断言" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼が潔白だと断言した。", "zh": "我断言他是清白的。" }, { "ja": "彼女は彼が不正直だと断言した。", "zh": "她断言他不诚实。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2031fc3753", "JMdict ent_seq 1419590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "08cc1ab08a10a77065e5db42b4253cf4accf91100509e9cc9a6199875e83ac2a" } }, { "id": "63eac2bab5", "word": "短縮", "reading": "たんしゅく", "romaji": "tanshuku", "meanings": [ "shortening", "abbreviation", "reduction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1418740, "examples": [ { "ja": "その橋のおかげで、私達は大いに時間が短縮できた。", "en": "The bridge saved us a lot of time.", "tatoeba_id": 211397 }, { "ja": "彼らは労働時間の短縮を要求している。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{労働時間|ろうどうじかん}の{短縮|たんしゅく}を{要求|ようきゅう}している。", "en": "They are demanding shorter working hours.", "tatoeba_id": 96017 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5ac5203ace66f58f3e8b0190011e77b96fb2d1df5bafefe101256b4de8b38740", "meanings": [ "缩短" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その橋のおかげで、私達は大いに時間が短縮できた。", "zh": "多亏那座桥，我们节省了很多时间。" }, { "ja": "彼らは労働時間の短縮を要求している。", "zh": "他们要求缩短劳动时间。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/63eac2bab5", "JMdict ent_seq 1418740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e1501f87ab060b4435ef26b7c3406cb432807dc72ef4d7b1ff61a492eab25ab6" } }, { "id": "37ca33884e", "word": "断然", "reading": "だんぜん", "romaji": "danzen", "meanings": [ "firmly", "absolutely", "definitely" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adj-t" ], "jmdict_id": 1419690, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はクラスの中で、断然歌がいちばんうまかった。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はクラスの{中|なか}で、{断然|だんぜん}{歌|うた}がいちばんうまかった。", "en": "She was by far the best singer in the class.", "tatoeba_id": 92952 }, { "ja": "私は魚よりも肉の方が断然いい。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{魚|さかな}よりも{肉|にく}の{方|ほう}が{断然|だんぜん}いい。", "en": "I prefer meat to fish any day.", "tatoeba_id": 157639 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "74060f3327970fdff26c24a8efe58b76b82f1858419712b56792718b0feb0ae6", "meanings": [ "断然", "明显" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はクラスの中で、断然歌がいちばんうまかった。", "zh": "她的歌在班里唱得明显最好。" }, { "ja": "私は魚よりも肉の方が断然いい。", "zh": "比起鱼，我绝对更喜欢肉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/37ca33884e", "JMdict ent_seq 1419690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d714c70277521c95e241bb3ac048bdd7097df46d1d3cbfac5da4e330b201dbcf" } }, { "id": "789e5505bb", "word": "炭素", "reading": "たんそ", "romaji": "tanso", "meanings": [ "carbon (C)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1418570, "examples": [ { "ja": "石炭は大部分が炭素から成っている。", "furigana": "{石炭|せきたん}は{大部分|だいぶぶん}が{炭素|たんそ}から{成|な}っている。", "en": "Coal consists mostly of carbon.", "tatoeba_id": 142333 }, { "ja": "炭素排出量の変動が、以下のグラフに描かれている。", "en": "The differing volumes of carbon emissions are plotted in the graph below.", "tatoeba_id": 127371 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2190513c0c5848f81ed677cf1fa64d2507fcd07b4c56f8528e24cda51695cd52", "meanings": [ "碳" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "石炭は大部分が炭素から成っている。", "zh": "煤主要由碳组成。" }, { "ja": "炭素排出量の変動が、以下のグラフに描かれている。", "zh": "下方图表显示了碳排放量的变化。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/789e5505bb", "JMdict ent_seq 1418570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5fddf8d73e2b34c04994b408ceacbf576b6ae9a5ec73b6ae4264ade2bdcece64" } }, { "id": "1adc698333", "word": "短大", "reading": "たんだい", "romaji": "tandai", "meanings": [ "junior college" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1418780, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は短大に入学した。", "en": "She enrolled in a junior college." }, { "ja": "私は短大で二年間学んだ。", "en": "I studied at a junior college for two years." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f34e620e672fa2c0baeeb5eb151723c7b410570e2aa29d1599d8531e61ad1521", "meanings": [ "短期大学" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は短大に入学した。", "zh": "她进入了短期大学。" }, { "ja": "私は短大で二年間学んだ。", "zh": "我在短期大学学习了两年。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1adc698333", "JMdict ent_seq 1418780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "283f5b28006bb9ef1b32b895d6f0ef243f88c0d1a4582b204895c9315b5b93b9" } }, { "id": "b0f4698e45", "word": "単調", "reading": "たんちょう", "romaji": "tanchou", "meanings": [ "monotony", "monotone", "dullness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1417760, "examples": [ { "ja": "この話はちょっと単調だ。", "furigana": "この{話|はなし}はちょっと{単調|たんちょう}だ。", "en": "This story is rather monotonous.", "tatoeba_id": 219136 }, { "ja": "小さな村では生活はひどく単調です。", "furigana": "{小|ちい}さな{村|むら}では{生活|せいかつ}はひどく{単調|たんちょう}です。", "en": "Life is very flat in a small village.", "tatoeba_id": 146995 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a526c812e04298c565fcd9b65a1b67db3331ab1844247eea0896a3d9a36b70d9", "meanings": [ "单调" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この話はちょっと単調だ。", "zh": "这个故事有点单调。" }, { "ja": "小さな村では生活はひどく単調です。", "zh": "小村庄的生活非常单调。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b0f4698e45", "JMdict ent_seq 1417760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f6239fe4ffecf44c1012998a102570a81d967e3843fdda94b68c25c2dbb3fc9e" } }, { "id": "50fc16df17", "word": "単独", "reading": "たんどく", "romaji": "tandoku", "meanings": [ "sole", "independence", "single", "solo (flight)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1417780, "examples": [ { "ja": "不幸は決して単独では来ない。", "furigana": "{不幸|ふこう}は{決|けっ}して{単独|たんどく}では{来|こ}ない。", "en": "Misfortunes seldom come singly.", "tatoeba_id": 85097 }, { "ja": "不幸は単独でやってこない。", "furigana": "{不幸|ふこう}は{単独|たんどく}でやってこない。", "en": "Misfortune never come single.", "tatoeba_id": 85094 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ce0d5070aeeb46139fca605a49f10b1800fa37f3dab223aa1ffb6ab86f944412", "meanings": [ "单独" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "不幸は決して単独では来ない。", "zh": "不幸从不单独到来。" }, { "ja": "不幸は単独でやってこない。", "zh": "祸不单行。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/50fc16df17", "JMdict ent_seq 1417780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f8b4c14a30f962f7b2730dd86b21119b791d039b5ac827e1d60cf004f2871409" } }, { "id": "5f504d816e", "word": "旦那", "reading": "だんな", "romaji": "danna", "meanings": [ "master (of house)", "husband (informal)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1418410, "examples": [ { "ja": "旦那も子供の引き取り権を望んでいた。", "furigana": "{旦那|だんな}も{子供|こども}の{引|ひ}き{取|と}り{権|けん}を{望|のぞ}んでいた。", "en": "Her husband also wanted custody of the children.", "tatoeba_id": 127374 }, { "ja": "その醜い肉屋の旦那はあの想像上の怪物に似ている。", "en": "That ugly butcher resembles that fictional monster.", "tatoeba_id": 209431 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7e77764744b83264b06ee14b7a1c9bb31459ff2b8a658a71a1d3806a8b2cb877", "meanings": [ "丈夫", "老板" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "旦那も子供の引き取り権を望んでいた。", "zh": "丈夫也想要孩子的监护权。" }, { "ja": "その醜い肉屋の旦那はあの想像上の怪物に似ている。", "zh": "那个长相丑陋的肉店老板像那个想象中的怪物。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5f504d816e", "JMdict ent_seq 1418410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "742176242ca2b288c64bca75e1ca615f4d7106bf7d1aea5de4acdd0be3088f1a" } }, { "id": "6cfc869d84", "word": "短波", "reading": "たんぱ", "romaji": "tanpa", "meanings": [ "short wave" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1418810, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はラジオで短波放送を聞いた。", "en": "He listened to a shortwave broadcast on the radio." }, { "ja": "このラジオは短波を受信できる。", "en": "This radio can receive shortwave." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4c99b8a75e3dc59391c3bff5eab16a81f6b6b478e5ec57b5d8ba5e49276613fe", "meanings": [ "短波" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はラジオで短波放送を聞いた。", "zh": "他用收音机收听短波广播。" }, { "ja": "このラジオは短波を受信できる。", "zh": "这台收音机可以接收短波。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6cfc869d84", "JMdict ent_seq 1418810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "095a924551c4f4cdbf7dbcadf4a48ce4e387e8dbf0a4416f3b1406888cfbe053" } }, { "id": "25867f6e37", "word": "蛋白質", "reading": "たんぱくしつ", "romaji": "tanpakushitsu", "meanings": [ "protein" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1419070, "examples": [ { "ja": "卵にはタンパク質が豊富に含まれているんですか？", "en": "Are eggs a good source of protein?", "tatoeba_id": 8777264 }, { "ja": "安いだけでなくタンパク質も摂れるなんてお得ね。", "en": "It's not only cheap but also has protein. It's a great deal.", "tatoeba_id": 11029732 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f48c4909e8f8680d33d3cdf4d0402888766c94bc1b43171ee7f6d5e14f1bb7bc", "meanings": [ "蛋白质" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "卵にはタンパク質が豊富に含まれているんですか？", "zh": "鸡蛋富含蛋白质吗？" }, { "ja": "安いだけでなくタンパク質も摂れるなんてお得ね。", "zh": "不但便宜还能摄取蛋白质，真划算。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/25867f6e37", "JMdict ent_seq 1419070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bddeb223b6c3331c4d493c97073b54492adaab591ba319b8fc02300f8b5a75bb" } }, { "id": "848923a56f", "word": "ダンプ", "reading": "ダンプ", "romaji": "danpu", "meanings": [ "dump" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1077290, "examples": [ { "ja": "ダンプカーと正面衝突したタクシーはぐしゃぐしゃになった。", "furigana": "ダンプカーと{正面衝突|しょうめんしょうとつ}したタクシーはぐしゃぐしゃになった。", "en": "The taxi collided head-on with a dump truck and was badly crushed.", "tatoeba_id": 76569 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "582610f4b174bc6bb0c45c0a5108a3c44515643ae4e85f14962599b58705bcd9", "meanings": [ "自卸卡车", "转储" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ダンプカーと正面衝突したタクシーはぐしゃぐしゃになった。", "zh": "与自卸卡车正面相撞的出租车被撞得粉碎。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/848923a56f", "JMdict ent_seq 1077290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ace4a4060d5e51b355c91da7d0ed424800a4e2e43e9a341e52ea1fbce97fb27b" } }, { "id": "9c3026b5c1", "word": "断面", "reading": "だんめん", "romaji": "danmen", "meanings": [ "cross section" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1419810, "examples": [ { "ja": "木の幹の断面を観察する。", "en": "Observe the cross section of the tree trunk." }, { "ja": "この図は管の断面を示している。", "en": "This diagram shows a cross section of the pipe." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "20bf789a1234a64eba3ca15dbd19a9ae25df3b445d6c2df8c5a1804401d44de7", "meanings": [ "截面" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "木の幹の断面を観察する。", "zh": "观察树干的横截面。" }, { "ja": "この図は管の断面を示している。", "zh": "这张图显示了管子的截面。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9c3026b5c1", "JMdict ent_seq 1419810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "660c195fb53deb0b84ccbe315e3c7b8dbaf837fe2825ff0238dd675784f40691" } }, { "id": "4c0d39020a", "word": "弾力", "reading": "だんりょく", "romaji": "danryoku", "meanings": [ "elasticity", "flexibility" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1419530, "examples": [ { "ja": "この素材は弾力に富んでいる。", "en": "This material is highly elastic." }, { "ja": "問題に対処するには弾力が必要だ。", "en": "Flexibility is needed to address problems." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a85b72efbe1cbc6bc81e3fdbdb39f59e4fca2b8fa6d474d90fa5a7c9346db9f2", "meanings": [ "弹性", "灵活性" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この素材は弾力に富んでいる。", "zh": "这个材料富有弹性。" }, { "ja": "問題に対処するには弾力が必要だ。", "zh": "处理问题时需要灵活性。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4c0d39020a", "JMdict ent_seq 1419530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b3a8161fec65514c9df00ea0ac3128817f4d8c9c8b0d93fe46aeee5b4116542a" } }, { "id": "05bfb28645", "word": "治安", "reading": "ちあん", "romaji": "chian", "meanings": [ "public order" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1316840, "examples": [ { "ja": "最近目に見えて治安が悪くなった。", "en": "Recently, it's become clear that public order has deteriorated.", "tatoeba_id": 11013848 }, { "ja": "それは治安の問題です。", "en": "It's a public security question.", "tatoeba_id": 9741622 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3ed60b920c70688da560934ec92db07b0f67510e8a94b6ceed711def66629edc", "meanings": [ "治安" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "最近目に見えて治安が悪くなった。", "zh": "最近治安明显变差了。" }, { "ja": "それは治安の問題です。", "zh": "那是治安问题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/05bfb28645", "JMdict ent_seq 1316840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ff54298363e6f49e6c7bffcfe615092776e240017d05d74380c1b34cdb78452a" } }, { "id": "ac2bf15305", "word": "チームワーク", "reading": "チームワーク", "romaji": "chiimuwaaku", "meanings": [ "teamwork" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1077370, "examples": [ { "ja": "野球の最もすばらしいところはチームワークだ。", "furigana": "{野球|やきゅう}の{最|もっと}もすばらしいところはチームワークだ。", "en": "The most wonderful thing about baseball is teamwork.", "tatoeba_id": 79652 }, { "ja": "それぞれの筋肉が完璧なチームワークを示す。", "en": "Each muscle shows perfect teamwork.", "tatoeba_id": 205813 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c8877e03a2d4c0aeec3c248768e163315668eae8ee7d84883eb471d1a9f046f9", "meanings": [ "团队合作" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "野球の最もすばらしいところはチームワークだ。", "zh": "棒球最精彩的地方是团队合作。" }, { "ja": "それぞれの筋肉が完璧なチームワークを示す。", "zh": "各块肌肉展现出完美的协作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ac2bf15305", "JMdict ent_seq 1077370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5924b893b6a72d60d695b1173c0868ddb35f7095ab4792195f198398dbc5ffa8" } }, { "id": "fb8890a428", "word": "チェンジ", "reading": "チェンジ", "romaji": "chenji", "meanings": [ "change" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1077650, "examples": [ { "ja": "イメージチェンジをしたい。", "en": "I'd like to change my image.", "tatoeba_id": 228512 }, { "ja": "あの子、髪を切ってイメージチェンジしたのかな。", "furigana": "あの{子|こ}、{髪|かみ}を{切|き}ってイメージチェンジしたのかな。", "en": "I think that girl cut her hair to give herself a new look.", "tatoeba_id": 230986 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4b3dfe2c397834f979a3ac3600737ba75b92ce8107af43a7d1e239f288222eb8", "meanings": [ "改变", "更换" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "イメージチェンジをしたい。", "zh": "我想改变形象。" }, { "ja": "あの子、髪を切ってイメージチェンジしたのかな。", "zh": "那个孩子剪了头发，是想换个形象吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fb8890a428", "JMdict ent_seq 1077650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d13a9573fe6620fd5c65c509c55baee649b7b6f93ed645304207d1c5f6cc2a89" } }, { "id": "daf445d53b", "word": "違える", "reading": "ちがえる", "romaji": "chigaeru", "meanings": [ "to change" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1158890, "examples": [ { "ja": "日付を違えてください。", "en": "Please change the date." }, { "ja": "彼は時間を違えた。", "en": "He mistook the time." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "47c5895fbf22354a75b224e53f2be03a6d041e7198d118f1ae0f5ba874ec7e95", "meanings": [ "改变", "弄错" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "日付を違えてください。", "zh": "请更改日期。" }, { "ja": "彼は時間を違えた。", "zh": "他把时间弄错了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/daf445d53b", "JMdict ent_seq 1158890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2e4761d7e073abdd30e5b4d1d74d61cbb39e11e2ad35ec1b5c955605b3db5364" } }, { "id": "2aa5332b10", "word": "近付く", "reading": "ちかづく", "romaji": "chikazuku", "meanings": [ "to approach", "to get near", "to get acquainted with", "to get closer" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1242170, "examples": [ { "ja": "クリスマスが近づいてきた。", "furigana": "クリスマスが{近|ちか}づいてきた。", "en": "Christmas is fast approaching.", "tatoeba_id": 225479 }, { "ja": "飛行機はロンドンに近づいていた。", "furigana": "{飛行機|ひこうき}はロンドンに{近|ちか}づいていた。", "en": "The plane was approaching London.", "tatoeba_id": 85659 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "11dc7a6a80524cb4cf6eaa76a4b03f8a7425409502dad879baa7e614911027be", "meanings": [ "接近" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "クリスマスが近づいてきた。", "zh": "圣诞节快到了。" }, { "ja": "飛行機はロンドンに近づいていた。", "zh": "飞机正接近伦敦。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2aa5332b10", "JMdict ent_seq 1242170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2f68f878064a1cef14a4f40f4495281936b3bb59f7efaf757b599ec9c6edb4db" } }, { "id": "581e19094b", "word": "契る", "reading": "ちぎる", "romaji": "chigiru", "meanings": [ "to pledge", "to promise", "to swear" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r" ], "jmdict_id": 1250160, "examples": [ { "ja": "二人は将来を契った。", "en": "The two pledged their future together." }, { "ja": "彼らは助け合うことを契った。", "en": "They pledged to help each other." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "850d7e8a2ea52dc76f1a6f56bd28c2d67c7d9815ab7fe66d68adbba7eab58207", "meanings": [ "发誓", "约定" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "二人は将来を契った。", "zh": "两人约定了将来。" }, { "ja": "彼らは助け合うことを契った。", "zh": "他们许下了互相帮助的誓言。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/581e19094b", "JMdict ent_seq 1250160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "62852ffac0fe464350e3dd0f3dc7e4925c35232f17abf730c01759bafe43add5" } }, { "id": "28f2878a0d", "word": "畜産", "reading": "ちくさん", "romaji": "chikusan", "meanings": [ "animal husbandry" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1422180, "examples": [ { "ja": "この地域では畜産が盛んだ。", "en": "Animal husbandry thrives in this region." }, { "ja": "彼は畜産に携わっている。", "en": "He works in animal husbandry." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7543651ef4030d1683b5385ef9c1725b36b5e88980ad8fb1d54b41024cd15fb8", "meanings": [ "畜牧业" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この地域では畜産が盛んだ。", "zh": "这个地区的畜牧业很兴盛。" }, { "ja": "彼は畜産に携わっている。", "zh": "他从事畜牧业。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/28f2878a0d", "JMdict ent_seq 1422180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3042b343cf95ce5ea7ca3549106d5deebbe97b03b7dc04059977753592189abf" } }, { "id": "10df370c17", "word": "畜生", "reading": "ちくしょう", "romaji": "chikushou", "meanings": [ "beast", "brute", "damn" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "int" ], "jmdict_id": 1422200, "examples": [ { "ja": "畜生！バーミセリがもうないんだよ！", "en": "Crap! We're out of vermicelli!", "tatoeba_id": 536735 }, { "ja": "ちくしょう、どこの馬鹿野郎がこんな真夜中に電話してきやがるんだ。", "en": "Holy crap, who's the asshole who dares call me in the middle of the night?!", "tatoeba_id": 872696 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c2b719e1c17b0d4fceb05ecb71e2ccaae7e6e902ffef0892d1d2aa0ec89ce445", "meanings": [ "畜生", "可恶" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "畜生！バーミセリがもうないんだよ！", "zh": "可恶！细面条已经没了！" }, { "ja": "ちくしょう、どこの馬鹿野郎がこんな真夜中に電話してきやがるんだ。", "zh": "可恶，哪个混蛋大半夜打电话来？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/10df370c17", "JMdict ent_seq 1422200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cb39e96ab2e2f7c444ec8ab0a34c5484880e79ba897145cfe961de3770140547" } }, { "id": "57d8c94dfd", "word": "蓄積", "reading": "ちくせき", "romaji": "chikuseki", "meanings": [ "accumulation", "accumulate", "store" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1422440, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は富を蓄積しようとした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{富|とみ}を{蓄積|ちくせき}しようとした。", "en": "He tried to accumulate wealth.", "tatoeba_id": 100431 }, { "ja": "彼には国際政治に関する情報の蓄積がある。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}には{国際政治|こくさいせいじ}に{関|かん}する{情報|じょうほう}の{蓄積|ちくせき}がある。", "en": "He has fund of information about world politics.", "tatoeba_id": 118860 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "25eaa588ed603e976e65a78073ae552bb01c55c8d201d56500c22cb27e9bc549", "meanings": [ "积累" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は富を蓄積しようとした。", "zh": "他试图积累财富。" }, { "ja": "彼には国際政治に関する情報の蓄積がある。", "zh": "他积累了有关国际政治的信息。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/57d8c94dfd", "JMdict ent_seq 1422440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "21f828b44229d8b7aa91992695e05ffefa24693d7a5f2354571c4ea3696dd313" } }, { "id": "d5004218c7", "word": "地形", "reading": "ちけい", "romaji": "chikei", "meanings": [ "terrain", "geographical features", "topography" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1421030, "other_readings": [ "じぎょう" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ヘリコプターの運転席からなら、その地の素晴らしい地形を見渡すのは容易い。", "en": "It's easy to see the area's majestic topography from the cockpit of a helicopter.", "tatoeba_id": 4213301 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "24c1d53188d1601c6f9d4ae682d59109db018991adbbf2d6be53c1b152390c4f", "meanings": [ "地形" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ヘリコプターの運転席からなら、その地の素晴らしい地形を見渡すのは容易い。", "zh": "从直升机驾驶座俯瞰那片土地的壮丽地形很容易。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d5004218c7", "JMdict ent_seq 1421030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "aa672fa00ee464c5b3aff75e769222efb547137e8a08434a731fc4dfd4ef1359" } }, { "id": "88267f6d71", "word": "知性", "reading": "ちせい", "romaji": "chisei", "meanings": [ "intelligence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1420630, "examples": [ { "ja": "読書は知性を発展させることができる。", "furigana": "{読書|どくしょ}は{知性|ちせい}を{発展|はってん}させることができる。", "en": "Reading can develop your mind.", "tatoeba_id": 123371 }, { "ja": "彼女は美人でしかも知性も備わっている。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{美人|びじん}でしかも{知性|ちせい}も{備|そな}わっている。", "en": "She has beauty and what passes for intelligence.", "tatoeba_id": 87070 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "297504aac83ec0576aeac5a06d0224fe20c1c2f4286007dd07f849d95fd6faa0", "meanings": [ "智力", "理性" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "読書は知性を発展させることができる。", "zh": "读书可以发展智力。" }, { "ja": "彼女は美人でしかも知性も備わっている。", "zh": "她既漂亮又有智慧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/88267f6d71", "JMdict ent_seq 1420630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f8813e3546ad242457a029ae5231a523f1723820d1df23adc36934dc99b9b0bf" } }, { "id": "df0cb2db26", "word": "乳", "reading": "ちち", "romaji": "chichi", "meanings": [ "milk", "breast", "loop" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1464980, "examples": [ { "ja": "うちの牛は全く乳が出ない。", "furigana": "うちの{牛|うし}は{全|まった}く{乳|ちち}が{出|で}ない。", "en": "Our cow doesn't give us any milk.", "tatoeba_id": 228216 }, { "ja": "赤ちゃんがお乳を欲しがっています。", "furigana": "{赤|あか}ちゃんがお{乳|ちち}を{欲|ほ}しがっています。", "en": "The baby is crying for milk.", "tatoeba_id": 142266 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f2b0e3ecfc61943d4c65c404d428d6a4d7a904c7054dfb8648ff4a33eb86dcdb", "meanings": [ "乳汁", "乳房" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "うちの牛は全く乳が出ない。", "zh": "我家的牛完全不产奶。" }, { "ja": "赤ちゃんがお乳を欲しがっています。", "zh": "宝宝想吃奶。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/df0cb2db26", "JMdict ent_seq 1464980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b42927f6017c1f723b891d90e397d6182df49ded2b125755f00dab1d4be01880" } }, { "id": "c59f528609", "word": "縮まる", "reading": "ちぢまる", "romaji": "chijimaru", "meanings": [ "to be shortened", "to be contracted", "to shrink" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1337540, "examples": [ { "ja": "二人の距離が縮まった。", "en": "The distance between them narrowed." }, { "ja": "洗濯で服が縮まった。", "en": "The clothes shrank in the wash." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a349a5e0fa840ad03c8b48cf5193600ab9c11859a63b8d0a57f32ee7e0505a0e", "meanings": [ "缩短", "缩小" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "二人の距離が縮まった。", "zh": "两人的距离缩短了。" }, { "ja": "洗濯で服が縮まった。", "zh": "洗后衣服缩小了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c59f528609", "JMdict ent_seq 1337540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e8f2311188a75945ff6c26b7ebd32325fdcc3d604f2f561efa1d6a95267e64cb" } }, { "id": "73d9a1776d", "word": "秩序", "reading": "ちつじょ", "romaji": "chitsujo", "meanings": [ "order", "regularity", "system", "method" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1422520, "examples": [ { "ja": "保安官は、その町の秩序を確立した。", "furigana": "{保安官|ほあんかん}は、その{町|まち}の{秩序|ちつじょ}を{確立|かくりつ}した。", "en": "The sheriff established order in the town.", "tatoeba_id": 83247 }, { "ja": "英国人は法と秩序を大いに尊重する。", "furigana": "{英国人|えいこくじん}は{法|ほう}と{秩序|ちつじょ}を{大|おお}いに{尊重|そんちょう}する。", "en": "The British have a lot of respect for law and order.", "tatoeba_id": 188984 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8cf71d11264308d9e39656d7f264f35752b772102ec2b963f2ea285c7deea1ae", "meanings": [ "秩序" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "保安官は、その町の秩序を確立した。", "zh": "治安官在镇上建立了秩序。" }, { "ja": "英国人は法と秩序を大いに尊重する。", "zh": "英国人非常尊重法律和秩序。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/73d9a1776d", "JMdict ent_seq 1422520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5c2a6e63c2fd1d413943f358a7ea60ca8e1616eb173f621a25e645f401d1166e" } }, { "id": "18e91a1d53", "word": "窒息", "reading": "ちっそく", "romaji": "chissoku", "meanings": [ "suffocation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1422540, "examples": [ { "ja": "お菓子で赤ちゃんが窒息するところだった。", "furigana": "お{菓子|かし}で{赤|あか}ちゃんが{窒息|ちっそく}するところだった。", "en": "The baby almost choked on a piece of candy.", "tatoeba_id": 227385 }, { "ja": "彼は煙に巻かれて窒息した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{煙|けむり}に{巻|ま}かれて{窒息|ちっそく}した。", "en": "He suffocated, smothered in smoke.", "tatoeba_id": 464094 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "157c9c7dd4ac25be23dae92ccae17f171cadd9e0f4e340dd65f0cff63fe001dc", "meanings": [ "窒息" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "お菓子で赤ちゃんが窒息するところだった。", "zh": "婴儿差点被点心噎住窒息。" }, { "ja": "彼は煙に巻かれて窒息した。", "zh": "他被烟包围，窒息了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/18e91a1d53", "JMdict ent_seq 1422540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f70d14162993dcf9e93e777b6ed78f04a31ec1db1e22d8907edbec761d79b12c" } }, { "id": "3d4be6166f", "word": "知的", "reading": "ちてき", "romaji": "chiteki", "meanings": [ "intellectual" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1420650, "examples": [ { "ja": "知的な会話が好きです。", "en": "I enjoy intellectual conversations.", "tatoeba_id": 127035 }, { "ja": "チェスはとても知的なゲームです。", "en": "Chess is a highly intellectual game.", "tatoeba_id": 203018 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "43b393d59a300a46a640f5a93d4e0daca160d71d32ef1b757d03cd5d24a0502e", "meanings": [ "知性的" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "知的な会話が好きです。", "zh": "我喜欢有思想的对话。" }, { "ja": "チェスはとても知的なゲームです。", "zh": "国际象棋是非常考验智力的游戏。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3d4be6166f", "JMdict ent_seq 1420650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "893efe847c79703779969996383bab0960b9707319ea2f92db83e7991ea8e9c3" } }, { "id": "63928faaaf", "word": "チャイム", "reading": "チャイム", "romaji": "chaimu", "meanings": [ "chime" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1077890, "examples": [ { "ja": "教室に入って席に着くのとほぼ同時に、始業を知らせるチャイムの音が鳴り響く。", "furigana": "{教室|きょうしつ}に{入|はい}って{席|せき}に{着|つ}くのとほぼ{同時|どうじ}に、{始業|しぎょう}を{知|し}らせるチャイムの{音|おと}が{鳴|な}り{響|ひび}く。", "en": "About the same time as he entered the classroom and arrived at his seat, the chime to announce class rings across the school.", "tatoeba_id": 75524 }, { "ja": "チャイムが鳴ったね。", "furigana": "チャイムが{鳴|な}ったね。", "en": "The door bell has rung.", "tatoeba_id": 202968 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e635d0449c07d6823904749057dc8c51334389ad2a04b109919a4ae65c659e90", "meanings": [ "铃声" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "教室に入って席に着くのとほぼ同時に、始業を知らせるチャイムの音が鳴り響く。", "zh": "几乎就在进入教室坐下的同时，上课铃响了。" }, { "ja": "チャイムが鳴ったね。", "zh": "铃响了呢。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/63928faaaf", "JMdict ent_seq 1077890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e9584a4bc461d86ea3fa771442494a8f3cae35bf969ca44618160b04375001d3" } }, { "id": "fd6d1d2bef", "word": "着", "reading": "ちゃく", "romaji": "chaku", "meanings": [ "counter for suits of clothing", "arriving at .." ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1597470, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はレースで１着だった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はレースで１{着|ちゃく}だった。", "en": "He took the first place in the race.", "tatoeba_id": 110332 }, { "ja": "私たちは午後９時シカゴ着の予定だった。", "en": "We were arriving in Chicago at 9:00 p.m.", "tatoeba_id": 165840 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3ea7c5edf93811a9ebaaeae4fc14cf6d584edc93f85460dbd7a9c3e0ac18599e", "meanings": [ "到达", "名次", "件" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はレースで１着だった。", "zh": "他在比赛中得了第一名。" }, { "ja": "私たちは午後９時シカゴ着の予定だった。", "zh": "我们原定晚上九点到达芝加哥。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fd6d1d2bef", "JMdict ent_seq 1597470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a3b2f95805ed22f18accc6ef9daa79e454f016a6ae87beb33937256903452faa" } }, { "id": "f31c4cf8e7", "word": "着手", "reading": "ちゃくしゅ", "romaji": "chakushu", "meanings": [ "embarkation", "launch" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1423060, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はたくさんの仕事に着手した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はたくさんの{仕事|しごと}に{着手|ちゃくしゅ}した。", "en": "He undertook a great deal of work.", "tatoeba_id": 112064 }, { "ja": "彼は行方不明の母の捜索に着手した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{行方不明|ゆくえふめい}の{母|はは}の{捜索|そうさく}に{着手|ちゃくしゅ}した。", "en": "He set out to find his lost mother.", "tatoeba_id": 107318 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "285e0c50ae408f95af6981e377ee31f64dd0bf41ff655900f3b8220126157bec", "meanings": [ "着手" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はたくさんの仕事に着手した。", "zh": "他着手做许多工作。" }, { "ja": "彼は行方不明の母の捜索に着手した。", "zh": "他着手寻找失踪的母亲。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f31c4cf8e7", "JMdict ent_seq 1423060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "168eeff7b044320ed4e955e83a50ca557081cbfd3db43e1bf824b7a2b1521ef4" } }, { "id": "61c73272dd", "word": "着色", "reading": "ちゃくしょく", "romaji": "chakushoku", "meanings": [ "colouring", "coloring" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1423090, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は絵に着色した。", "en": "He colored the picture." }, { "ja": "食品に着色料が使われた。", "en": "Coloring was used in the food." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "11c631011a16ad3e11ee6019c19923e34fcba5ba21c0fda70546170eb0500786", "meanings": [ "着色" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は絵に着色した。", "zh": "他给画上了色。" }, { "ja": "食品に着色料が使われた。", "zh": "食品中使用了着色剂。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/61c73272dd", "JMdict ent_seq 1423090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5d0982403f49f7479387e6550254814388f672918c73529e67962b0a3352096f" } }, { "id": "691a8e48a0", "word": "着席", "reading": "ちゃくせき", "romaji": "chakuseki", "meanings": [ "sit down", "seat" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1423130, "examples": [ { "ja": "どうぞご着席ください、みなさん。", "furigana": "どうぞご{着席|ちゃくせき}ください、みなさん。", "en": "Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen.", "tatoeba_id": 201323 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ed17a0673f0c1ea243ae20eb23758d55dbcafad23196798aec3171a237374130", "meanings": [ "就座" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "どうぞご着席ください、みなさん。", "zh": "各位请坐。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/691a8e48a0", "JMdict ent_seq 1423130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a26bb20b1af32751873f69e17641d462c6cdf874683b0996779746f2969d08e0" } }, { "id": "69b1a0c00c", "word": "着目", "reading": "ちゃくもく", "romaji": "chakumoku", "meanings": [ "attention" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1423260, "examples": [ { "ja": "研究者はこの現象に着目した。", "en": "Researchers focused on this phenomenon." }, { "ja": "私たちは結果に着目すべきだ。", "en": "We should pay attention to the result." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1c08ea023a8e06006e62568cf45cf1fb069310f4495a4e5162ba4674e13de41a", "meanings": [ "着眼", "关注" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "研究者はこの現象に着目した。", "zh": "研究人员关注了这一现象。" }, { "ja": "私たちは結果に着目すべきだ。", "zh": "我们应当关注结果。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/69b1a0c00c", "JMdict ent_seq 1423260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "78ddf6bd7fdfcd8ab18810179844621a436f5922eaee1ffd4688663e6d0ea6bc" } }, { "id": "1a5860e867", "word": "着陸", "reading": "ちゃくりく", "romaji": "chakuriku", "meanings": [ "landing", "alighting", "touch down" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1423280, "examples": [ { "ja": "その飛行機は申し分のない着陸をした。", "furigana": "その{飛行機|ひこうき}は{申|もう}し{分|ぶん}のない{着陸|ちゃくりく}をした。", "en": "The plane made a perfect landing.", "tatoeba_id": 207105 }, { "ja": "飛行機は６時きっかりに着陸した。", "furigana": "{飛行機|ひこうき}は６{時|じ}きっかりに{着陸|ちゃくりく}した。", "en": "The plane landed at 6 o'clock to the minute.", "tatoeba_id": 85676 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "213ba1c4852200ff3304a8f40aa51b167dedecc7c6dea0bebca3d699a28a0ef3", "meanings": [ "着陆" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その飛行機は申し分のない着陸をした。", "zh": "那架飞机完美着陆。" }, { "ja": "飛行機は６時きっかりに着陸した。", "zh": "飞机六点整着陆。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1a5860e867", "JMdict ent_seq 1423280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9b16a360ad3b246af4d3ec00cd8867053ba43190d4e76184363f5ed022ad1265" } }, { "id": "e8c36bb150", "word": "着工", "reading": "ちゃっこう", "romaji": "chakkou", "meanings": [ "start of (construction) work" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1423030, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのビルの建設は来年着工されます。", "en": "The construction of the building will be started next year.", "tatoeba_id": 212694 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "64b2b4a0ca06444eb063fe9ba3c10c1ec8da40d69263fddbf08809438db23ca4", "meanings": [ "开工" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのビルの建設は来年着工されます。", "zh": "那栋楼的建设明年开工。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e8c36bb150", "JMdict ent_seq 1423030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4c9f4fba93bd9a3d39a46b16e320d04f1f934480db808ec03e19fe30cc07a232" } }, { "id": "ded9d444a6", "word": "茶の間", "reading": "ちゃのま", "romaji": "chanoma", "meanings": [ "living room (Japanese style)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1422600, "examples": [ { "ja": "山羽さんが茶の間の大きい盆に胡桃を盛った。", "en": "Mr Yamaha filled the big tray in his living room with walnuts.", "tatoeba_id": 521126 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "014b43b08864232a6a884beba858429e04813e4e0645619d58035e1c88c9cf33", "meanings": [ "起居室" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "山羽さんが茶の間の大きい盆に胡桃を盛った。", "zh": "山羽先生把核桃放在起居室的大托盘里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ded9d444a6", "JMdict ent_seq 1422600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2338fb893763fe331f66ec3eb781ff3dc4a0302bfcbc9d9df3c3723a4968353b" } }, { "id": "3025545197", "word": "茶の湯", "reading": "ちゃのゆ", "romaji": "chanoyu", "meanings": [ "tea ceremony" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1422610, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は茶の湯を学んでいる。", "en": "She is learning the tea ceremony." }, { "ja": "茶会で茶の湯が行われた。", "en": "A tea ceremony was held at the tea gathering." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f56b13e25e40a1a0034c15adcba6cebb89ced9dbc1bfbb6d540c787c9a592413", "meanings": [ "茶道" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は茶の湯を学んでいる。", "zh": "她学习茶道。" }, { "ja": "茶会で茶の湯が行われた。", "zh": "茶会中举行了茶道仪式。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3025545197", "JMdict ent_seq 1422610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e346d89d7fbe23bcada8143eef16924ea9d8c160a6c103cbf7ea6f8bf74c6c18" } }, { "id": "c94579f9e8", "word": "ちやほや", "reading": "ちやほや", "romaji": "chiyahoya", "meanings": [ "pamper", "make a fuss of", "spoil" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vs", "vt", "adv", "adv-to" ], "jmdict_id": 1007620, "examples": [ { "ja": "皆がその俳優をちやほやした。", "en": "Everyone made a fuss over the actor." }, { "ja": "子どもをちやほやしすぎてはいけない。", "en": "Do not pamper the child too much." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8c764027ee4811e5a0814ec2cd51a17433d4ed1cb7b85b557fc1e6ec12968f0a", "meanings": [ "娇宠", "追捧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "皆がその俳優をちやほやした。", "zh": "大家追捧那位明星。" }, { "ja": "子どもをちやほやしすぎてはいけない。", "zh": "不要过分娇宠孩子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c94579f9e8", "JMdict ent_seq 1007620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "655d7b42a775a3a5ae709237a260635629a5acdc1d413885087519345128a921" } }, { "id": "81f6ea6bb3", "word": "チャンネル", "reading": "チャンネル", "romaji": "channeru", "meanings": [ "a channel" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1077960, "examples": [ { "ja": "チャンネルを替えてもかまわない？", "furigana": "チャンネルを{替|か}えてもかまわない？", "en": "Do you mind if I change the channel?", "tatoeba_id": 202956 }, { "ja": "チャンネルを変えたので彼は怒った。", "furigana": "チャンネルを{変|か}えたので{彼|かれ}は{怒|おこ}った。", "en": "Because the channel was changed he got angry.", "tatoeba_id": 202955 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "71e2035ef1f6f622fed3cb6522d30b02faeddf63e78c8a0373e0e4bcb83a8a45", "meanings": [ "频道" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "チャンネルを替えてもかまわない？", "zh": "我可以换频道吗？" }, { "ja": "チャンネルを変えたので彼は怒った。", "zh": "我换了频道，他生气了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/81f6ea6bb3", "JMdict ent_seq 1077960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bd815182860fdf5547704e463ff9350d69893449ab56f91f91b46b344256df69" } }, { "id": "73761da587", "word": "宙返り", "reading": "ちゅうがえり", "romaji": "chuugaeri", "meanings": [ "somersault", "looping-the-loop" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1426110, "examples": [ { "ja": "宙返りするジェットコースターに乗ったら、気持ち悪くなっちゃった。", "furigana": "{宙返|ちゅうがえ}りするジェットコースターに{乗|の}ったら、{気持|きも}ち{悪|わる}くなっちゃった。", "en": "I got sick riding the roller coaster with the loop-the-loop.", "tatoeba_id": 126431 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cfd26b0ce8924abcce94a1f287a3c9ac2669e00b9199ea7c9273b6753f076325", "meanings": [ "翻筋斗", "翻转" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "宙返りするジェットコースターに乗ったら、気持ち悪くなっちゃった。", "zh": "坐了会翻转的过山车后，我觉得不舒服。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/73761da587", "JMdict ent_seq 1426110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "54b2d752d5278884acd4669291c6fffde6915e65dc3c1f1bfb4fb8ca9acbaa21" } }, { "id": "cbbf9a270d", "word": "中継", "reading": "ちゅうけい", "romaji": "chuukei", "meanings": [ "relay", "hook-up" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1424040, "examples": [ { "ja": "テレビ中継された大阪での追跡劇の末、彼は逮捕された。", "furigana": "テレビ{中継|ちゅうけい}された{大阪|おおさか}での{追跡|ついせき}{劇|げき}の{末|すえ}、{彼|かれ}は{逮捕|たいほ}された。", "en": "He was arrested by police after a TV chase in Osaka.", "tatoeba_id": 201927 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "04c0757b27747dbb68bd0475c033b8d0ae73c96bb872c270bb8f80b70f261b47", "meanings": [ "转播", "接力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "テレビ中継された大阪での追跡劇の末、彼は逮捕された。", "zh": "经过大阪一场电视转播的追捕后，他被逮捕。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cbbf9a270d", "JMdict ent_seq 1424040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6c3e18ac5497d9d28b43a7d9488fdf34551eb9dae6f03bb7b116849f9f7baa6d" } }, { "id": "168c31d617", "word": "忠告", "reading": "ちゅうこく", "romaji": "chuukoku", "meanings": [ "advice", "warning" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1426140, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼に煙草を吸うなと忠告した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{彼|かれ}に{煙草|たばこ}を{吸|す}うなと{忠告|ちゅうこく}した。", "en": "I advised him against smoking.", "tatoeba_id": 154195 }, { "ja": "彼女は私に良い忠告をしてくれた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{私|わたし}に{良|よ}い{忠告|ちゅうこく}をしてくれた。", "en": "She gave me a piece of good advice.", "tatoeba_id": 89439 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4cea7be7f35102ed1be575fb4a09aef776805caa82e85b53760847861fd7b577", "meanings": [ "劝告", "忠告" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼に煙草を吸うなと忠告した。", "zh": "我劝他不要抽烟。" }, { "ja": "彼女は私に良い忠告をしてくれた。", "zh": "她给了我很好的忠告。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/168c31d617", "JMdict ent_seq 1426140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1978cf0b11317f6c1bfce38f2f5540faa556f11ca97b45899f9478a76db01793" } }, { "id": "05dfa1ae82", "word": "忠実", "reading": "ちゅうじつ", "romaji": "chuujitsu", "meanings": [ "fidelity", "faithfulness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1012210, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの翻訳は原文に忠実だそうだ。", "furigana": "あの{翻訳|ほんやく}は{原文|げんぶん}に{忠実|ちゅうじつ}だそうだ。", "en": "That translation is said to be true to the original.", "tatoeba_id": 230445 }, { "ja": "約束には忠実でなくてはいけない。", "furigana": "{約束|やくそく}には{忠実|ちゅうじつ}でなくてはいけない。", "en": "You must be faithful to your word.", "tatoeba_id": 79547 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9ab88596d1d079f242b8eec41d9399745ebc680fa3400fa4218acfbb30ca8d6f", "meanings": [ "忠实" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの翻訳は原文に忠実だそうだ。", "zh": "听说那份翻译忠实于原文。" }, { "ja": "約束には忠実でなくてはいけない。", "zh": "必须遵守承诺。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/05dfa1ae82", "JMdict ent_seq 1012210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0bb5dbd6acbc54764092fdc368011dc88ae84f946cb2918a85863d6f9727b182" } }, { "id": "858ac29e35", "word": "中傷", "reading": "ちゅうしょう", "romaji": "chuushou", "meanings": [ "slander", "libel", "defamation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1424500, "examples": [ { "ja": "その程度の中傷はほうっておきなさい。", "furigana": "その{程度|ていど}の{中傷|ちゅうしょう}はほうっておきなさい。", "en": "Just pass such an insult.", "tatoeba_id": 207691 }, { "ja": "彼は常時彼の才能をねたむ人々から中傷されることにうんざりしていた。", "en": "He was sick of being vilified all the time by people who were jealous of his ability.", "tatoeba_id": 5232 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1761bf1f3b93e164b56629d2bf61b0e8522ee67646c12b34f0547166e085c0de", "meanings": [ "中伤", "诽谤" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その程度の中傷はほうっておきなさい。", "zh": "那种程度的中伤别理它。" }, { "ja": "彼は常時彼の才能をねたむ人々から中傷されることにうんざりしていた。", "zh": "他厌倦了总是被嫉妒他才能的人中伤。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/858ac29e35", "JMdict ent_seq 1424500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b938891733d9bea405173f3ddcc18541c797b0ae87d921698b973a576cb88131" } }, { "id": "4201f02f16", "word": "中枢", "reading": "ちゅうすう", "romaji": "chuusuu", "meanings": [ "centre", "pivot", "mainstay", "nucleus", "backbone", "central figure", "pillar", "key man" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1424660, "examples": [ { "ja": "東京は今や世界経済の中枢だ。", "furigana": "{東京|とうきょう}は{今|いま}や{世界経済|せかいけいざい}の{中枢|ちゅうすう}だ。", "en": "Tokyo is now a center of the world economy.", "tatoeba_id": 124211 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b41e5ca61a288ea793c96d55acef7e58b15d4606181ade6f32deff1eee05f908", "meanings": [ "中枢" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "東京は今や世界経済の中枢だ。", "zh": "东京现在是世界经济的中心。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4201f02f16", "JMdict ent_seq 1424660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "830b2a79ecbd1bea448c343cf69d99b7d5f4e72e2847422a9ccd4875b2e12761" } }, { "id": "5526cb6819", "word": "抽選", "reading": "ちゅうせん", "romaji": "chuusen", "meanings": [ "lottery", "raffle", "drawing (of lots)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1426220, "examples": [ { "ja": "抽選で順番を決める。", "en": "The order is decided by drawing lots." }, { "ja": "私は抽選で入場券を当てた。", "en": "I won a ticket in the lottery." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c60cd41b6c2312ca061c51b7315e7f572a86735c8a4c1e929791dfcb45e669d6", "meanings": [ "抽签" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "抽選で順番を決める。", "zh": "通过抽签决定顺序。" }, { "ja": "私は抽選で入場券を当てた。", "zh": "我抽中了门票。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5526cb6819", "JMdict ent_seq 1426220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "026e15f34673df085930b2a5949be41bd263a6f4028a18a760a214189bfe4326" } }, { "id": "89c0b0d65d", "word": "中断", "reading": "ちゅうだん", "romaji": "chuudan", "meanings": [ "interruption", "suspension", "break" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1424900, "examples": [ { "ja": "病気のため休暇が中断した。", "en": "Illness cut short his vacation.", "tatoeba_id": 85276 }, { "ja": "彼らは昼食のため会議を中断した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{昼食|ちゅうしょく}のため{会議|かいぎ}を{中断|ちゅうだん}した。", "en": "They interrupted the meeting for lunch.", "tatoeba_id": 96549 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "88a13fedb43cdfad44dabddd82242a0902f6fe5212811635f37646f0dccb7c0b", "meanings": [ "中断" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "病気のため休暇が中断した。", "zh": "假期因生病而中断。" }, { "ja": "彼らは昼食のため会議を中断した。", "zh": "他们为吃午饭中断了会议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/89c0b0d65d", "JMdict ent_seq 1424900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6cd0b17c7f9f91c41699d0db261be14073d7389d60770e8fb086f3de94cf483b" } }, { "id": "8814988b80", "word": "中腹", "reading": "ちゅうふく", "romaji": "chuufuku", "meanings": [ "mountainside", "halfway up a mountain" ], "level": "N1", "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の家は丘の中腹にあって、見晴らしがすばらしい。", "en": "His house stands on the hill-side and commands a splendid view.", "tatoeba_id": 117976 } ], "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1425440, "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e19574a8ec94d3c9a07d4ee200894914aa39f967ce554ef4ce76e9ea616f6144", "meanings": [ "山腰" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の家は丘の中腹にあって、見晴らしがすばらしい。", "zh": "他的家位于山腰，景色非常好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8814988b80", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fe308bf8068c286236948793d3104cd735d606b6e430430ee3fa09184ba635f1" } }, { "id": "cc066cbad3", "word": "中毒", "reading": "ちゅうどく", "romaji": "chuudoku", "meanings": [ "poisoning" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1425160, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はテレビ中毒です。", "en": "I'm a TV addict.", "tatoeba_id": 159388 }, { "ja": "幸いにも、その仕事中毒の人は死ななかった。", "en": "Happily, the workaholic did not die.", "tatoeba_id": 173706 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "86f8bb90250f5867ffae9b6eff365cbb6818ffe37cdb9d499ff2e60ee333b616", "meanings": [ "中毒", "沉迷" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はテレビ中毒です。", "zh": "我是电视迷。" }, { "ja": "幸いにも、その仕事中毒の人は死ななかった。", "zh": "幸运的是，那个工作狂没有死。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cc066cbad3", "JMdict ent_seq 1425160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d4a1c60ba6d2035f2d42775336e214c50c01720ba427cf0f548b6bd7b7ad8687" } }, { "id": "05d567554c", "word": "中立", "reading": "ちゅうりつ", "romaji": "chuuritsu", "meanings": [ "neutrality" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1425540, "examples": [ { "ja": "その国は第二次世界大戦中は中立を保っていた。", "en": "That country remained neutral throughout World War II.", "tatoeba_id": 210584 }, { "ja": "彼は話し合いでは中立の立場をとった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{話|はな}し{合|あ}いでは{中立|ちゅうりつ}の{立場|たちば}をとった。", "en": "He was a neutral participant at the discussion.", "tatoeba_id": 98852 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a03adbd5723606315bdebec7ed0630d7f2fa187bdc6f22e037520abb62d29e8e", "meanings": [ "中立" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その国は第二次世界大戦中は中立を保っていた。", "zh": "那个国家在第二次世界大战期间保持中立。" }, { "ja": "彼は話し合いでは中立の立場をとった。", "zh": "他在讨论中采取了中立立场。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/05d567554c", "JMdict ent_seq 1425540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "eeeec5487372292262598f07dbe541100126c7adb0ca93309f7af2dcfad71b23" } }, { "id": "200363d3b2", "word": "中和", "reading": "ちゅうわ", "romaji": "chuuwa", "meanings": [ "neutralize", "counteract" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1425670, "examples": [ { "ja": "アルカリは酸を中和する。", "furigana": "アルカリは{酸|さん}を{中和|ちゅうわ}する。", "en": "Alkalis neutralize acids.", "tatoeba_id": 76887 }, { "ja": "酸性土を灰で中和する。", "furigana": "{酸性土|さんせいど}を{灰|はい}で{中和|ちゅうわ}する。", "en": "Acid soil is neutralised by ash.", "tatoeba_id": 76111 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0669a88b69fcb37616c810081d164b34bb4efd4a1209a8405734f313c76492ee", "meanings": [ "中和" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アルカリは酸を中和する。", "zh": "碱中和酸。" }, { "ja": "酸性土を灰で中和する。", "zh": "用灰中和酸性土壤。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/200363d3b2", "JMdict ent_seq 1425670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8604087447905333b24f73fc81fe1fe9d05a5c3b1c4c045fc3741070eeafddc6" } }, { "id": "af46eccd57", "word": "庁", "reading": "ちょう", "romaji": "chou", "meanings": [ "government office" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1427590, "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい庁が設立された。", "en": "A new government agency was established." }, { "ja": "その庁は環境保護を担当している。", "en": "The agency is responsible for environmental protection." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "83d78e202088558ab996457fffb301676b5c38e25ef2cbc64b999eacce479a1a", "meanings": [ "厅", "政府机关" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい庁が設立された。", "zh": "新设立了一个政府机构。" }, { "ja": "その庁は環境保護を担当している。", "zh": "该机构负责环境保护。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/af46eccd57", "JMdict ent_seq 1427590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "774f120cfae5c3f694f98afc2a4e238d420ac9e45843dca53c6da5f17be4e90e" } }, { "id": "1a43d6fb73", "word": "腸", "reading": "ちょう", "romaji": "chou", "meanings": [ "guts", "bowels", "intestines" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1428960, "examples": [ { "ja": "腸の具合が悪い。", "furigana": "{腸|ちょう}の{具合|ぐあい}が{悪|わる}い。", "en": "I have trouble with my bowels.", "tatoeba_id": 126041 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "eb9d8475a00d70c994e505499b1c5247ffcd41f8b1cd601e91d1e7bc8d63b3e7", "meanings": [ "肠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "腸の具合が悪い。", "zh": "肠胃不舒服。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1a43d6fb73", "JMdict ent_seq 1428960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "dd4755d9174edf1f3d4152c68f18927f0e86dfdaf4ce5b36cbd108206c061947" } }, { "id": "5102b2e1b9", "word": "蝶", "reading": "ちょう", "romaji": "chou", "meanings": [ "butterfly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1429010, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は美しい蝶を捕まえた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{美|うつく}しい{蝶|ちょう}を{捕|つか}まえた。", "en": "I caught a beautiful butterfly.", "tatoeba_id": 153108 }, { "ja": "彼はたまたま珍しい蝶を見つけた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はたまたま{珍|めずら}しい{蝶|ちょう}を{見|み}つけた。", "en": "He happened to catch sight of a rare butterfly.", "tatoeba_id": 111995 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "252a175e4469f1f531c63c0ab067c25d89c7c5411a7104514a359a2647732cb8", "meanings": [ "蝴蝶" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は美しい蝶を捕まえた。", "zh": "我捉到了一只美丽的蝴蝶。" }, { "ja": "彼はたまたま珍しい蝶を見つけた。", "zh": "他偶然发现了一只罕见的蝴蝶。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5102b2e1b9", "JMdict ent_seq 1429010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "02798c8593d27bc547774e64a44badf98a75c1e106f5a485f6eb05056c2bd8c3" } }, { "id": "d447766d5e", "word": "超", "reading": "ちょう", "romaji": "chou", "meanings": [ "super-", "ultra-", "hyper-" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1429340, "examples": [ { "ja": "超高速がコンコルド機の特徴だ。", "en": "Great speed is a feature of the Concorde.", "tatoeba_id": 126012 }, { "ja": "超高圧水の噴射により、ほとんどの詰まりが排除される。", "en": "By means of a super high-pressure water spray practically all the sediment is removed.", "tatoeba_id": 75257 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "659a082e6a3f4738c16ab7e1753703461a0b80fa70c0c18010756427f31729e6", "meanings": [ "超", "极" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "超高速がコンコルド機の特徴だ。", "zh": "超高速是协和式飞机的特点。" }, { "ja": "超高圧水の噴射により、ほとんどの詰まりが排除される。", "zh": "通过喷射超高压水，大部分堵塞得以清除。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d447766d5e", "JMdict ent_seq 1429340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f6e9055c5ede1bc14c5c6217dcac8093fa8b37704b6ca77bb392a704c0be238b" } }, { "id": "91a314706a", "word": "調印", "reading": "ちょういん", "romaji": "chouin", "meanings": [ "signature", "sign", "sealing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1429080, "examples": [ { "ja": "その条件は日本、ドイツ、イギリス、アメリカの間で調印された。", "en": "Terms were signed between Japan, Germany, Great Britain and the United States.", "tatoeba_id": 208915 }, { "ja": "首相が両国間の貿易協定に調印しました。", "en": "The Prime Minister signed a trade agreement between the two countries.", "tatoeba_id": 488887 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4eaa2f567d95a04b3b04b49fc840746471f3a4189f80496ffa52bd949d0e904a", "meanings": [ "签署" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その条件は日本、ドイツ、イギリス、アメリカの間で調印された。", "zh": "有关条款由日本、德国、英国和美国签署。" }, { "ja": "首相が両国間の貿易協定に調印しました。", "zh": "首相签署了两国间的贸易协定。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/91a314706a", "JMdict ent_seq 1429080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "eaecf5c6184d230df9c77aeacf20f662c3216896e44483e7eeb3bda3835f1015" } }, { "id": "c22bf75839", "word": "聴覚", "reading": "ちょうかく", "romaji": "choukaku", "meanings": [ "the sense of hearing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1428880, "examples": [ { "ja": "その子の聴覚は鋭い。", "furigana": "その{子|こ}の{聴覚|ちょうかく}は{鋭|するど}い。", "en": "The kid has a keen sense of hearing.", "tatoeba_id": 210278 }, { "ja": "犬の聴覚の敏感さを人間と比べると、はるかに上だ。", "furigana": "{犬|いぬ}の{聴覚|ちょうかく}の{敏感|びんかん}さを{人間|にんげん}と{比|くら}べると、はるかに{上|うえ}だ。", "en": "The hearing acuity of dogs is superior by far to that of humans.", "tatoeba_id": 74594 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8d7ce20c51a261d05f4939d431a9f2d9849b7d9ade7808a902e98fb49dbcd697", "meanings": [ "听觉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その子の聴覚は鋭い。", "zh": "那个孩子的听觉很敏锐。" }, { "ja": "犬の聴覚の敏感さを人間と比べると、はるかに上だ。", "zh": "狗的听觉敏锐度远远超过人类。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c22bf75839", "JMdict ent_seq 1428880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "92c724483b75b9d6239692ec10f451c86b018c537b3a7509066d7c7597a5248c" } }, { "id": "4164dbc390", "word": "長官", "reading": "ちょうかん", "romaji": "choukan", "meanings": [ "chief", "(government) secretary" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1429820, "examples": [ { "ja": "長官は彼に全権を委任した。", "furigana": "{長官|ちょうかん}は{彼|かれ}に{全権|ぜんけん}を{委任|いにん}した。", "en": "The governor invested him with full authority.", "tatoeba_id": 125890 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "72c0dea21ef572c0da09154175b0b419f7b6f3b9039f753baa54365fdc6fa6fa", "meanings": [ "长官" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "長官は彼に全権を委任した。", "zh": "长官把全权委托给了他。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4164dbc390", "JMdict ent_seq 1429820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3fb274e955828c3c1d9f60973fe7bac92c522fe346ef069c8074446599bfe316" } }, { "id": "b0d32e92df", "word": "聴講", "reading": "ちょうこう", "romaji": "choukou", "meanings": [ "lecture attendance", "auditing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1428890, "examples": [ { "ja": "聴講切符を前もって入手しておかなければならない。", "en": "You must get lecture tickets in advance.", "tatoeba_id": 126081 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f1a0b166711da0ea2fae56e13fd31edda57fa80393f8773d172cf5ba84191f3b", "meanings": [ "听讲", "旁听" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "聴講切符を前もって入手しておかなければならない。", "zh": "必须事先拿到听讲券。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b0d32e92df", "JMdict ent_seq 1428890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b9e0140529b407b25a6ca1095115b3508ec5e310233674c3a53f79b9996bf4c2" } }, { "id": "4c00360769", "word": "徴収", "reading": "ちょうしゅう", "romaji": "choushuu", "meanings": [ "collection", "levy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1428110, "examples": [ { "ja": "国は国民から税を徴収する。", "en": "A country collects taxes from its people.", "tatoeba_id": 8832077 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bd041413621e0f895da28e434ae5cdf637b6cbdc840aa4bc235e8c7d64fd4ec1", "meanings": [ "征收" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "国は国民から税を徴収する。", "zh": "国家向国民征税。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4c00360769", "JMdict ent_seq 1428110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bf86cf366412350b6a923c2dd796f6ed54504eb42f2b678269a392b850233863" } }, { "id": "759fdce75d", "word": "聴診器", "reading": "ちょうしんき", "romaji": "choushinki", "meanings": [ "stethoscope" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1428920, "examples": [ { "ja": "医者は患者の胸に聴診器を当てた。", "furigana": "{医者|いしゃ}は{患者|かんじゃ}の{胸|むね}に{聴診器|ちょうしんき}を{当|あ}てた。", "en": "The doctor placed a stethoscope on the patient's chest.", "tatoeba_id": 190834 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e04eaa785d35d5881de626eef59ab3a12b3068ba69f96954bf1fd5f2e702efe0", "meanings": [ "听诊器" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "医者は患者の胸に聴診器を当てた。", "zh": "医生把听诊器放在患者胸前。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/759fdce75d", "JMdict ent_seq 1428920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c2b50084e77b24434985a7d378cba7c5f19ffb06a268bf8cd0800ef2a3991773" } }, { "id": "f132c3c98e", "word": "挑戦", "reading": "ちょうせん", "romaji": "chousen", "meanings": [ "challenge", "defiance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1428240, "examples": [ { "ja": "スカイダイビングに挑戦したいんです。", "furigana": "スカイダイビングに{挑戦|ちょうせん}したいんです。", "en": "I'd like to try out skydiving.", "tatoeba_id": 215021 }, { "ja": "水泳で世界記録に挑戦するつもりだ。", "furigana": "{水泳|すいえい}で{世界記録|せかいきろく}に{挑戦|ちょうせん}するつもりだ。", "en": "I am going to establish a new world record for swimming.", "tatoeba_id": 143694 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "09a0fdf6af85d684a6d0dcbd71b6f4ce4a8f706cc1357e8e0fef99bc51710256", "meanings": [ "挑战" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "スカイダイビングに挑戦したいんです。", "zh": "我想挑战跳伞。" }, { "ja": "水泳で世界記録に挑戦するつもりだ。", "zh": "我打算挑战游泳世界纪录。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f132c3c98e", "JMdict ent_seq 1428240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "04f5d51932ed885dd1ba7cfff9b38dadc827f1d7a61f3d023d96f41f6ffd2b08" } }, { "id": "82d51c348a", "word": "長大", "reading": "ちょうだい", "romaji": "choudai", "meanings": [ "very long", "great length" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1610340, "examples": [ { "ja": "これは長大な橋だ。", "en": "This is a long, large bridge." }, { "ja": "長大なトンネルが山を貫いている。", "en": "A long tunnel runs through the mountain." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d8d07dfedfad2fd63d090b56922b0f3ed2f238f0a1c37d719b092d5e402aba2a", "meanings": [ "长大" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これは長大な橋だ。", "zh": "这是一座长大的桥梁。" }, { "ja": "長大なトンネルが山を貫いている。", "zh": "这条长大的隧道穿过山脉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/82d51c348a", "JMdict ent_seq 1610340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1c0c3d64568fb86efa136972b81106a44493d48d977ca7787641bec7b04cb80d" } }, { "id": "69359d3bc0", "word": "調停", "reading": "ちょうてい", "romaji": "choutei", "meanings": [ "arbitration", "conciliation", "mediation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1429260, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は両当事者の間を調停した。", "en": "He mediated between the two parties.", "tatoeba_id": 98957 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2c9d783bbfa3a598630532e39bd50dc1112ef34652aa6f49cbcbae773b11fe71", "meanings": [ "调停" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は両当事者の間を調停した。", "zh": "他在双方之间调停。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/69359d3bc0", "JMdict ent_seq 1429260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b5a1b730dba0d1dc26c58fce5d690ab82c3435f963385daae27b21ba659489e2" } }, { "id": "4fcd36d323", "word": "長編", "reading": "ちょうへん", "romaji": "chouhen", "meanings": [ "long (e.g. novel, film)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1430110, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は週末を長編小説を読んで過ごした。", "en": "I spent the weekend reading a long novel.", "tatoeba_id": 156021 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d746e67ac7c8867a36a9a587d9b80b0e8401b459ed552acb5728a836e73fbe92", "meanings": [ "长篇" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は週末を長編小説を読んで過ごした。", "zh": "我周末读了一部长篇小说。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4fcd36d323", "JMdict ent_seq 1430110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "df733699487c52b01db7f66d6f0db2252a14f2aaf5d7f690b404ba97b412f927" } }, { "id": "e33292ff3a", "word": "重宝", "reading": "ちょうほう", "romaji": "chouhou", "meanings": [ "priceless treasure", "convenience", "usefulness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1579990, "other_readings": [ "じゅうほう" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "車は持っていると重宝なものだ。", "en": "A car is a handy thing to own.", "tatoeba_id": 148994 }, { "ja": "このガイドブックは海外旅行に持っていくと重宝する。", "furigana": "このガイドブックは{海外旅行|かいがいりょこう}に{持|も}っていくと{重宝|ちょうほう}する。", "en": "This guidebook is handy to take on a trip abroad.", "tatoeba_id": 223914 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "10b40677a7b92f5b5fd27de96efbab6e56c9e6bfa572699a4b942dfca7588656", "meanings": [ "方便", "实用" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "車は持っていると重宝なものだ。", "zh": "有车很方便。" }, { "ja": "このガイドブックは海外旅行に持っていくと重宝する。", "zh": "出国旅行带这本指南很有用。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e33292ff3a", "JMdict ent_seq 1579990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f95c7323f3249a883beec5c573a89d99da080adbe66ec25af417d4ee69535be4" } }, { "id": "c73ec3073c", "word": "丁目", "reading": "ちょうめ", "romaji": "choume", "meanings": [ "district of a town", "city block (of irregular size)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1427420, "examples": [ { "ja": "４０丁目で車を降りた。", "furigana": "４０{丁目|ちょうめ}で{車|くるま}を{降|お}りた。", "en": "I got out of the car at 40th Street.", "tatoeba_id": 235240 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b675dd634348ad7ca013854b97e62a5ee929321b4f4b9a79793a1a207b33c1a1", "meanings": [ "街区", "丁目" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "４０丁目で車を降りた。", "zh": "我在第四十街下了车。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c73ec3073c", "JMdict ent_seq 1427420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d56dcbd10394b5b7e355f6569b34ed78a3f704fabf7b7a759dc7dd971ff7cb55" } }, { "id": "6ccc056ebf", "word": "調理", "reading": "ちょうり", "romaji": "chouri", "meanings": [ "cooking" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1429310, "examples": [ { "ja": "卵はどのように調理いたしましょうか。", "furigana": "{卵|たまご}はどのように{調理|ちょうり}いたしましょうか。", "en": "How do you like your eggs done?", "tatoeba_id": 78493 }, { "ja": "生卵はだめ。調理しないと。", "furigana": "{生卵|なまたまご}はだめ。{調理|ちょうり}しないと。", "en": "I can't eat a raw egg; it must be cooked.", "tatoeba_id": 142684 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "233b2514633c0d18dd9b1db7b37050058044ccee2d576beab9a5373fae1734fc", "meanings": [ "烹饪" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "卵はどのように調理いたしましょうか。", "zh": "鸡蛋要怎么做？" }, { "ja": "生卵はだめ。調理しないと。", "zh": "生鸡蛋不行，要煮熟。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6ccc056ebf", "JMdict ent_seq 1429310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "aaad9f0209b3102f0517cf10bde62f5ce3a3974af59e416abc8f7fc089c8effd" } }, { "id": "74af193f01", "word": "調和", "reading": "ちょうわ", "romaji": "chouwa", "meanings": [ "harmony" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1429330, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らの間に調和の精神が広がった。", "en": "A harmony prevailed among them.", "tatoeba_id": 98534 }, { "ja": "その別荘は風景と調和していた。", "furigana": "その{別荘|べっそう}は{風景|ふうけい}と{調和|ちょうわ}していた。", "en": "The villa was harmonious with the scenery.", "tatoeba_id": 206834 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "623440eb411ce2e17bd94c277b1f54fa17f01db7c45efe6f6ddcfcaa55095a0b", "meanings": [ "和谐" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らの間に調和の精神が広がった。", "zh": "他们之间形成了和谐的精神。" }, { "ja": "その別荘は風景と調和していた。", "zh": "那座别墅与风景很协调。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/74af193f01", "JMdict ent_seq 1429330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "881babb6622c5ea920e7160a6efbda167e61ef55d7711a834646801cd5a7957b" } }, { "id": "9246139579", "word": "ちょくちょく", "reading": "ちょくちょく", "romaji": "chokuchoku", "meanings": [ "often", "frequently", "now and then", "occasionally" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1007790, "examples": [ { "ja": "だってお隣さんだし。ちょくちょくお邪魔するから。", "furigana": "だってお{隣|となり}さんだし。ちょくちょくお{邪魔|じゃま}するから。", "en": "Well, we're neighbours. I'll be popping over all the time.", "tatoeba_id": 75625 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ceb0e632c11004c76aa3251b22895bde7b516f5846c057bf33b6825ef6a31162", "meanings": [ "经常" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "だってお隣さんだし。ちょくちょくお邪魔するから。", "zh": "因为是邻居嘛，我会常来打扰的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9246139579", "JMdict ent_seq 1007790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "52a0969c5f0a20979be02734d90153ab62b2276f5eadca026ba5084f80fe348e" } }, { "id": "48116559a0", "word": "直面", "reading": "ちょくめん", "romaji": "chokumen", "meanings": [ "confrontation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1431540, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はかってその問題に直面した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はかってその{問題|もんだい}に{直面|ちょくめん}した。", "en": "She was at one time faced with the problem.", "tatoeba_id": 93048 }, { "ja": "彼は危険に直面しても冷静だった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{危険|きけん}に{直面|ちょくめん}しても{冷静|れいせい}だった。", "en": "He was calm in the presence of danger.", "tatoeba_id": 108661 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3d7106a2afbabe5ad7c2b1a7f77f027977ad6f944b29ce4f22e2d3b241e47cf5", "meanings": [ "面对" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はかってその問題に直面した。", "zh": "她曾经面对过那个问题。" }, { "ja": "彼は危険に直面しても冷静だった。", "zh": "他面对危险也很冷静。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/48116559a0", "JMdict ent_seq 1431540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0200c62794f9cba304c4f74be9b7ba5763d02f51f600d4df64421a336b98f701" } }, { "id": "d48c7f2f28", "word": "著書", "reading": "ちょしょ", "romaji": "chosho", "meanings": [ "literary work", "book" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1427140, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は物理学の著書を出版した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{物理学|ぶつりがく}の{著書|ちょしょ}を{出版|しゅっぱん}した。", "en": "He had a book on physics published.", "tatoeba_id": 100209 }, { "ja": "リチャード・ロバーツには数多くの著書がある。", "furigana": "リチャード・ロバーツには{数多|かずおお}くの{著書|ちょしょ}がある。", "en": "Richard Roberts is the author of numerous books.", "tatoeba_id": 192519 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1fdddf620b30a905502477175ca7a0b5af1905a0e951330977d38e4e6beadedd", "meanings": [ "著作" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は物理学の著書を出版した。", "zh": "他出版了一本物理学著作。" }, { "ja": "リチャード・ロバーツには数多くの著書がある。", "zh": "理查德·罗伯茨有很多著作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d48c7f2f28", "JMdict ent_seq 1427140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e63b26d10c4b110096b4662356c14cd4f0fa2c44ed98af40909f15de455dbf2a" } }, { "id": "bb19f947be", "word": "貯蓄", "reading": "ちょちく", "romaji": "chochiku", "meanings": [ "savings" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1597700, "examples": [ { "ja": "まさかのときに備えて貯蓄せよ。", "furigana": "まさかのときに{備|そな}えて{貯蓄|ちょちく}せよ。", "en": "Keep something for a rainy day.", "tatoeba_id": 195676 }, { "ja": "将来に備えて貯蓄しておきなさい。", "furigana": "{将来|しょうらい}に{備|そな}えて{貯蓄|ちょちく}しておきなさい。", "en": "Put by money for the future.", "tatoeba_id": 147076 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8277a031b5b4aaeb4fc1a6581d23fd239dd1061553708912b202a2c26b69546b", "meanings": [ "储蓄" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "まさかのときに備えて貯蓄せよ。", "zh": "为防万一而储蓄。" }, { "ja": "将来に備えて貯蓄しておきなさい。", "zh": "为将来做好储蓄。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bb19f947be", "JMdict ent_seq 1597700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f364aac05facd84b27bf7e6ddbbc34598ee07d0dc20c18508eb572ff883926ee" } }, { "id": "dacd397f83", "word": "直感", "reading": "ちょっかん", "romaji": "chokkan", "meanings": [ "intuition" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1430850, "examples": [ { "ja": "警官は彼が犯人だと直感した。", "furigana": "{警官|けいかん}は{彼|かれ}が{犯人|はんにん}だと{直感|ちょっかん}した。", "en": "The police spotted him at once as the offender.", "tatoeba_id": 176320 }, { "ja": "女性の直感が価値ある特質であることは明らかだ。", "furigana": "{女性|じょせい}の{直感|ちょっかん}が{価値|かち}ある{特質|とくしつ}であることは{明|あき}らかだ。", "en": "Woman's intuition is clearly a valuable trait.", "tatoeba_id": 147261 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "989d8563c4c76b19de537d059ae8afc353016b8fd2bc877e3d557a4ddb909a4e", "meanings": [ "直觉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "警官は彼が犯人だと直感した。", "zh": "警察直觉他就是犯人。" }, { "ja": "女性の直感が価値ある特質であることは明らかだ。", "zh": "显然，女性的直觉是一种有价值的特质。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dacd397f83", "JMdict ent_seq 1430850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "af54f345b2d8906a8457f9b06bad4034ab7cc7946b5e3105272d5a8a3e2f5aad" } }, { "id": "c321a340ef", "word": "著名", "reading": "ちょめい", "romaji": "chomei", "meanings": [ "well-known", "noted", "celebrated" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1427150, "examples": [ { "ja": "スミス氏は著名なバイオリニストである。", "en": "Mr Smith is an eminent violinist.", "tatoeba_id": 214247 }, { "ja": "彼は教師としても作家としても著名である。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{教師|きょうし}としても{作家|さっか}としても{著名|ちょめい}である。", "en": "He is eminent both as a teacher and writer.", "tatoeba_id": 108332 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "47eb4d8b6fad8222f04530181079f42d567222183054ac42ebd1ad7465f91afc", "meanings": [ "著名" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "スミス氏は著名なバイオリニストである。", "zh": "史密斯先生是著名的小提琴家。" }, { "ja": "彼は教師としても作家としても著名である。", "zh": "他作为教师和作家都很有名。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c321a340ef", "JMdict ent_seq 1427150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0d10754138c1e0f1ad0439248f9a74cc303ac7457ca2e54a5a05839dad66bd2d" } }, { "id": "a9f3b0c184", "word": "ちらっと", "reading": "ちらっと", "romaji": "chiratto", "meanings": [ "at a glance", "by accident" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1007920, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼女の顔をちらっと見かけた。", "en": "I caught a glimpse of her face.", "tatoeba_id": 153295 }, { "ja": "彼女は私をちらっとさえ見なかった。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{私|わたし}をちらっとさえ{見|み}なかった。", "en": "She did not so much as cast glance at me.", "tatoeba_id": 89285 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5498203a7d1bd9eec5c2ab25f99e7946481fb7a63000201334fea9cb1acf218a", "meanings": [ "瞥一眼" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼女の顔をちらっと見かけた。", "zh": "我瞥见了她的脸。" }, { "ja": "彼女は私をちらっとさえ見なかった。", "zh": "她连看都没看我一眼。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a9f3b0c184", "JMdict ent_seq 1007920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "db68cb02031beea3306bfa4e41f0374662e455a201bf22beae4c23aec9b314e7" } }, { "id": "ac8c6a57b9", "word": "塵取り", "reading": "ちりとり", "romaji": "chiritori", "meanings": [ "dustpan" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1369920, "examples": [ { "ja": "塵取りでごみを集めてください。", "en": "Please collect the rubbish with a dustpan." }, { "ja": "ほうきと塵取りを一緒に置く。", "en": "Keep the broom and dustpan together." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7cfa117d068a3bc8beb64622dcc3b7e7dad497c79a881489b329f3f437d42ced", "meanings": [ "簸箕" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "塵取りでごみを集めてください。", "zh": "请用簸箕收集垃圾。" }, { "ja": "ほうきと塵取りを一緒に置く。", "zh": "扫帚和簸箕放在一起。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ac8c6a57b9", "JMdict ent_seq 1369920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2020dd8c4366a355fac470cb653ab2b9a779dd3a9ed38d8c8b104634f1750052" } }, { "id": "68fc255618", "word": "治療", "reading": "ちりょう", "romaji": "chiryou", "meanings": [ "medical treatment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1316890, "examples": [ { "ja": "治療よりも予防。", "furigana": "{治療|ちりょう}よりも{予防|よぼう}。", "en": "Prevention is better than cure.", "tatoeba_id": 150176 }, { "ja": "すぐに治療しなければなりません。", "furigana": "すぐに{治療|ちりょう}しなければなりません。", "en": "We need to take care of this immediately.", "tatoeba_id": 214886 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "599139dd690829133b96bb1e917e91dafddb986bf6e9b97e7b14819089178888", "meanings": [ "治疗" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "治療よりも予防。", "zh": "预防胜于治疗。" }, { "ja": "すぐに治療しなければなりません。", "zh": "必须马上治疗。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/68fc255618", "JMdict ent_seq 1316890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cf58a0e12a5b2888098c26ade13fc5509816a3853fb54102619840f0fb0826f9" } }, { "id": "ea425ea76b", "word": "賃金", "reading": "ちんぎん", "romaji": "chingin", "meanings": [ "wages" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1431990, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はわたしらに少ない賃金しかくれなかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はわたしらに{少|すく}ない{賃金|ちんぎん}しかくれなかった。", "en": "He has given us indecent wages.", "tatoeba_id": 110243 }, { "ja": "私はその場ですぐに賃金を払った。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はその{場|ば}ですぐに{賃金|ちんぎん}を{払|はら}った。", "en": "I paid his wages on the spot.", "tatoeba_id": 160014 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8bb9fb786633bb74712d1165d162ede9276a264e01f1eaf5c49f51899a034096", "meanings": [ "工资" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はわたしらに少ない賃金しかくれなかった。", "zh": "他只给了我们很少的工资。" }, { "ja": "私はその場ですぐに賃金を払った。", "zh": "我当场立刻支付了工资。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ea425ea76b", "JMdict ent_seq 1431990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1926318b2d4f007cea157fb168b4e6c60c481f671dc2af0ff1f5607e019667ec" } }, { "id": "e73b56703b", "word": "沈殿", "reading": "ちんでん", "romaji": "chinden", "meanings": [ "precipitation", "settlement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1431790, "examples": [ { "ja": "水の中の泥が沈殿した。", "en": "The mud in the water settled." }, { "ja": "反応によって沈殿が生じた。", "en": "A precipitate formed in the reaction." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3e4a0581f485b2b86483070510222d5ce3c2b7f03667e2eaad2baa4b0d4404bc", "meanings": [ "沉淀" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "水の中の泥が沈殿した。", "zh": "水中的泥沉淀下来了。" }, { "ja": "反応によって沈殿が生じた。", "zh": "反应产生了沉淀。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e73b56703b", "JMdict ent_seq 1431790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e3c499474b6d19349dde9d5fb97d08453bf8c323af5ad95c71fa080f95c257b9" } }, { "id": "0721111f31", "word": "沈没", "reading": "ちんぼつ", "romaji": "chinbotsu", "meanings": [ "sinking", "foundering" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1431800, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは沈没する船を見捨てた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{沈没|ちんぼつ}する{船|ふね}を{見捨|みす}てた。", "en": "They abandoned the sinking ship.", "tatoeba_id": 96527 }, { "ja": "船は乗務員全員を乗せたまま沈没した。", "furigana": "{船|ふね}は{乗務員|じょうむいん}{全員|ぜんいん}を{乗|の}せたまま{沈没|ちんぼつ}した。", "en": "The ship sank with all her crew on board.", "tatoeba_id": 141117 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "91179aaefb3187d41133909861602bcd9da220bec5c505cf615f7dd84d88f6b8", "meanings": [ "沉没" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは沈没する船を見捨てた。", "zh": "他们弃离了正在下沉的船。" }, { "ja": "船は乗務員全員を乗せたまま沈没した。", "zh": "船连同全体船员一起沉没。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0721111f31", "JMdict ent_seq 1431800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ca8901e67679cfe076f29771fb525519e3cc75456311aef46fad42470d6ec05e" } }, { "id": "7958a1a674", "word": "沈黙", "reading": "ちんもく", "romaji": "chinmoku", "meanings": [ "silence", "reticence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1431810, "examples": [ { "ja": "それから長い沈黙が続いた。", "furigana": "それから{長|なが}い{沈黙|ちんもく}が{続|つづ}いた。", "en": "There followed a long silence.", "tatoeba_id": 205915 }, { "ja": "沈黙は反抗を意味することが多い。", "furigana": "{沈黙|ちんもく}は{反抗|はんこう}を{意味|いみ}することが{多|おお}い。", "en": "Silence often implies resistance.", "tatoeba_id": 125724 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b0c966d5c0b24232df8fb96cad66aa1fd283cceed50ad28b07fbc3c2dba72543", "meanings": [ "沉默" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それから長い沈黙が続いた。", "zh": "之后是长时间的沉默。" }, { "ja": "沈黙は反抗を意味することが多い。", "zh": "沉默常常意味着反抗。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7958a1a674", "JMdict ent_seq 1431810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "81395889f6d81c29c0107720ae6617f5e8e67ed77b730adf33fdf437789052f2" } }, { "id": "d0ef9d6c62", "word": "陳列", "reading": "ちんれつ", "romaji": "chinretsu", "meanings": [ "exhibition", "display", "show" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1432210, "examples": [ { "ja": "キャビネットは集めたものを陳列するための食器棚である。", "furigana": "キャビネットは{集|あつ}めたものを{陳列|ちんれつ}するための{食器棚|しょっきだな}である。", "en": "A cabinet is a cupboard used for displaying things.", "tatoeba_id": 225842 }, { "ja": "新しい毛皮のコートがウインドーに陳列されていた。", "furigana": "{新|あたら}しい{毛皮|けがわ}のコートがウインドーに{陳列|ちんれつ}されていた。", "en": "The new fur coats were displayed in the window.", "tatoeba_id": 145322 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c456255d5e79b1d330f21071afb559d597a042863a1254936f70546ed2ec70be", "meanings": [ "陈列" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "キャビネットは集めたものを陳列するための食器棚である。", "zh": "展示柜是用于陈列收藏品的柜子。" }, { "ja": "新しい毛皮のコートがウインドーに陳列されていた。", "zh": "新的皮草大衣陈列在橱窗里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d0ef9d6c62", "JMdict ent_seq 1432210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cf6e50b8d12c90ed91c20b34cc4e9c73f0480fc9bcc630f5557f6c4e8d0ad5b1" } }, { "id": "553d0c1010", "word": "追及", "reading": "ついきゅう", "romaji": "tsuikyuu", "meanings": [ "gaining on", "carrying out", "solving (crime)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1432480, "examples": [ { "ja": "追及されて、つい、見え透いた嘘をついてしまった。", "furigana": "{追及|ついきゅう}されて、つい、{見|み}え{透|す}いた{嘘|うそ}をついてしまった。", "en": "I was pressed by their questioning and slipped into telling an obvious lie.", "tatoeba_id": 125699 }, { "ja": "会議で川添さんの追及を受けて、冷や汗ものだったよ。", "en": "When Kawazoe pinned me down at the meeting, I broke out in a cold sweat.", "tatoeba_id": 185406 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d6241187a5b812e412e499f746b27ec25c92c49458cd6d840926acba7c63aef7", "meanings": [ "追问", "追究" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "追及されて、つい、見え透いた嘘をついてしまった。", "zh": "被追问时，我不由得撒了个一眼就能看穿的谎。" }, { "ja": "会議で川添さんの追及を受けて、冷や汗ものだったよ。", "zh": "会议上受到川添先生追问，让我捏了一把汗。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/553d0c1010", "JMdict ent_seq 1432480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "87da14b78b92ee4f53f64a79ee8b1225c4b2e502c24c2dd0d215e1b2adb3e0d3" } }, { "id": "8e4b4adca3", "word": "追跡", "reading": "ついせき", "romaji": "tsuiseki", "meanings": [ "pursuit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1432560, "examples": [ { "ja": "その警官は泥棒を追跡した。", "furigana": "その{警官|けいかん}は{泥棒|どろぼう}を{追跡|ついせき}した。", "en": "The policeman chased the thief.", "tatoeba_id": 211193 }, { "ja": "警察は彼女をパリまで追跡した。", "furigana": "{警察|けいさつ}は{彼女|かのじょ}をパリまで{追跡|ついせき}した。", "en": "The police have traced her to Paris.", "tatoeba_id": 176102 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7e5a842d2cdbbee599997794f5f03d7b0242ab7cbf807038808988abe53b1cec", "meanings": [ "追踪" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その警官は泥棒を追跡した。", "zh": "警察追赶小偷。" }, { "ja": "警察は彼女をパリまで追跡した。", "zh": "警方一直追踪她到巴黎。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8e4b4adca3", "JMdict ent_seq 1432560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "023486351778a33f31ccc5b7b4bcea738d38bdbbafd1da61ed3d268318025b6d" } }, { "id": "8b8ee45ad6", "word": "次いで", "reading": "ついで", "romaji": "tsuide", "meanings": [ "next", "secondly", "subsequently" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "conj" ], "jmdict_id": 1316390, "examples": [ { "ja": "それは教育に次いで大きな問題だ。", "furigana": "それは{教育|きょういく}に{次|つ}いで{大|おお}きな{問題|もんだい}だ。", "en": "That is the principle problem next to education.", "tatoeba_id": 205271 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f487bde3abe6302c073078c841e2c44fa7a071302e4ee36c936c4be026d499b7", "meanings": [ "接着", "其次" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それは教育に次いで大きな問題だ。", "zh": "那是仅次于教育的重要问题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8b8ee45ad6", "JMdict ent_seq 1316390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d2ae4dfb878fa9701059eb53a99d6595cf0427a6626777c77c098b1c00320a0e" } }, { "id": "23e1db8f06", "word": "追放", "reading": "ついほう", "romaji": "tsuihou", "meanings": [ "exile", "banishment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1432670, "examples": [ { "ja": "支配者は打倒され国外に追放された。", "furigana": "{支配者|しはいしゃ}は{打倒|だとう}され{国外|こくがい}に{追放|ついほう}された。", "en": "The ruler was overthrown and banished from the country.", "tatoeba_id": 168217 }, { "ja": "私達は国民から麻薬を追放しなければならない。", "en": "We must rid the nation of drugs.", "tatoeba_id": 151533 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f2cecceccd0e66b595422e4341d9572572243f1bdf993de0d3ffde87bf928c08", "meanings": [ "驱逐", "排除" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "支配者は打倒され国外に追放された。", "zh": "统治者被推翻并驱逐出境。" }, { "ja": "私達は国民から麻薬を追放しなければならない。", "zh": "我们必须将毒品从国民中驱除。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/23e1db8f06", "JMdict ent_seq 1432670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "22d791d1b090a135915f527df366e638e8add0ec8556df31b9d439a3b37b610a" } }, { "id": "20ac1171ef", "word": "費やす", "reading": "ついやす", "romaji": "tsuiyasu", "meanings": [ "to spend", "to devote", "to waste" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1484600, "examples": [ { "ja": "つまらないことに時間を費やすな。", "furigana": "つまらないことに{時間|じかん}を{費|つい}やすな。", "en": "Don't waste your time on trifles.", "tatoeba_id": 202547 }, { "ja": "多額の金がその橋に費やされた。", "furigana": "{多額|たがく}の{金|かね}がその{橋|はし}に{費|つい}やされた。", "en": "A large amount of money was spent on the bridge.", "tatoeba_id": 138284 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c7b5b58d17b02725081f96e27e835544e25488dfb11861528331fb3d16a448ac", "meanings": [ "花费", "投入" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "つまらないことに時間を費やすな。", "zh": "不要把时间浪费在无聊的事上。" }, { "ja": "多額の金がその橋に費やされた。", "zh": "那座桥花费了大量资金。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/20ac1171ef", "JMdict ent_seq 1484600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c2c678093d5075443e13b072d17922b28c7f16a221fbce9b2e410ea78194eda8" } }, { "id": "286333828b", "word": "墜落", "reading": "ついらく", "romaji": "tsuiraku", "meanings": [ "falling", "crashing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1432240, "examples": [ { "ja": "墜落に向けて用意は整えられた。", "furigana": "{墜落|ついらく}に{向|む}けて{用意|ようい}は{整|ととの}えられた。", "en": "We prepared ourselves for the crash.", "tatoeba_id": 125707 }, { "ja": "墜落した飛行機は急に燃え上がった。", "furigana": "{墜落|ついらく}した{飛行機|ひこうき}は{急|きゅう}に{燃|も}え{上|あ}がった。", "en": "The crashed plane burst into flames.", "tatoeba_id": 125708 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e32294e3f12d0ec06877241f04615d9aaf25d6d8f743fa8704e56cbeb1d6e1ca", "meanings": [ "坠落", "坠毁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "墜落に向けて用意は整えられた。", "zh": "已做好迫降准备。" }, { "ja": "墜落した飛行機は急に燃え上がった。", "zh": "坠毁的飞机突然起火。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/286333828b", "JMdict ent_seq 1432240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "76388c18d4f5e13eb7969ef6270652c166cbcf68cce0db11217dfc50b4906bde" } }, { "id": "151c9084b7", "word": "通", "reading": "つう", "romaji": "tsuu", "meanings": [ "connoisseur", "counter for letters" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1432840, "examples": [ { "ja": "ここにあなたあての手紙が何通かあります。", "en": "Here are some letters for you.", "tatoeba_id": 224512 }, { "ja": "コーヒー通の人達に結構評判がいいそうです。", "en": "I hear that it has quite the reputation with coffee connoisseurs.", "tatoeba_id": 76770 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9111ad0260fee93b9e0eff59eeab361ae6152028a6c9292decb238b20aff40c3", "meanings": [ "专家", "封" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ここにあなたあての手紙が何通かあります。", "zh": "这里有几封给你的信。" }, { "ja": "コーヒー通の人達に結構評判がいいそうです。", "zh": "据说在咖啡行家中颇受好评。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/151c9084b7", "JMdict ent_seq 1432840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "35ed2e69b361581031467a3d152a5ead1055cce6c020f34d8c85bee303ce5b75" } }, { "id": "57978c598e", "word": "痛感", "reading": "つうかん", "romaji": "tsuukan", "meanings": [ "feeling keenly", "fully realizing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1432760, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの事故を見て自然の力を痛感した。", "furigana": "あの{事故|じこ}を{見|み}て{自然|しぜん}の{力|ちから}を{痛感|つうかん}した。", "en": "That accident brought home to me the power of nature.", "tatoeba_id": 230943 }, { "ja": "私はその事実を痛感した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はその{事実|じじつ}を{痛感|つうかん}した。", "en": "The fact has come home to my bosom.", "tatoeba_id": 160095 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bb7d6f48fd300c19b5ab1ca8fa86a9740a2c4d3f7543855bb71d61beeb3ddfa6", "meanings": [ "深感" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの事故を見て自然の力を痛感した。", "zh": "看到那场事故，我深深感受到自然的力量。" }, { "ja": "私はその事実を痛感した。", "zh": "我深切地认识到那个事实。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/57978c598e", "JMdict ent_seq 1432760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e276575e4489c8c099b2b8891d63c1f41345326c542450608281799f635d45b0" } }, { "id": "c6f69808b7", "word": "通常", "reading": "つうじょう", "romaji": "tsuujou", "meanings": [ "common", "general", "usually" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1433280, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は、通常バスで学校へ行きます。", "en": "He usually goes to school by bus.", "tatoeba_id": 115422 }, { "ja": "女性は通常男性よりも長生きする。", "furigana": "{女性|じょせい}は{通常|つうじょう}{男性|だんせい}よりも{長生|ながい}きする。", "en": "Women commonly live longer than men.", "tatoeba_id": 147241 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "97336130e6ae784a3ec84713b16b0216848c882316c41f6026abc8edd749efbd", "meanings": [ "通常" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は、通常バスで学校へ行きます。", "zh": "他通常坐公交车上学。" }, { "ja": "女性は通常男性よりも長生きする。", "zh": "女性通常比男性长寿。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c6f69808b7", "JMdict ent_seq 1433280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "629f0f178f5166fd9ee253af264920c3b0b12675354603608d00e31d1ec3ade7" } }, { "id": "2ea8895f87", "word": "痛切", "reading": "つうせつ", "romaji": "tsuusetsu", "meanings": [ "keen", "acute" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1432790, "examples": [ { "ja": "算数教育が非常に大事だと痛切に感じていた。", "en": "I was acutely aware of how very important mathematical education was.", "tatoeba_id": 644324 }, { "ja": "その痛ましいエピソードは私には痛切に感じられた。", "en": "The touching episode came home to me.", "tatoeba_id": 207744 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a8cd3a2c2b08bdf099a51cc7396a950033ef66f95a965fb29e69eca4748a7757", "meanings": [ "深切", "强烈" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "算数教育が非常に大事だと痛切に感じていた。", "zh": "我深切感到算术教育非常重要。" }, { "ja": "その痛ましいエピソードは私には痛切に感じられた。", "zh": "那个令人痛心的故事令我深有感触。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2ea8895f87", "JMdict ent_seq 1432790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9e9468ab53b11f47833ad61715a0bc962af6effc47475418636218a7bc730141" } }, { "id": "6bd8f39ea4", "word": "杖", "reading": "つえ", "romaji": "tsue", "meanings": [ "cane" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1356620, "examples": [ { "ja": "杖は彼に何の役にも立たなかった。", "furigana": "{杖|つえ}は{彼|かれ}に{何|なん}の{役|やく}にも{立|た}たなかった。", "en": "The stick didn't help him any.", "tatoeba_id": 146033 }, { "ja": "その老人は杖にもたれた。", "furigana": "その{老人|ろうじん}は{杖|つえ}にもたれた。", "en": "The old man leaned on his staff.", "tatoeba_id": 206116 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "04018687795bfc12cedeffd7a9f4ef4233b6bb5401b8712cee20f7ae573e2de6", "meanings": [ "手杖" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "杖は彼に何の役にも立たなかった。", "zh": "手杖对他毫无帮助。" }, { "ja": "その老人は杖にもたれた。", "zh": "老人拄着拐杖。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6bd8f39ea4", "JMdict ent_seq 1356620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "05cd1b7e93b7dc883032743386a47a10d17ee950f084fee9045fe0bc845f69c9" } }, { "id": "0bfbb7af91", "word": "遣い", "reading": "つかい", "romaji": "tsukai", "meanings": [ "mission", "simple task", "doing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1305720, "examples": [ { "ja": "ひとことで言えば、彼はおべっか使いだ。", "en": "In a word, he is a flatterer.", "tatoeba_id": 197503 }, { "ja": "使いの途中道草をくうな。", "en": "Don't delay on this errand.", "tatoeba_id": 169003 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7603c3f43daf7558e6fefea35b7786d6548bef9c5ad486440c1e1dba365f2f6b", "meanings": [ "差遣", "跑腿" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ひとことで言えば、彼はおべっか使いだ。", "zh": "简言之，他是个马屁精。" }, { "ja": "使いの途中道草をくうな。", "zh": "跑腿途中别贪玩。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0bfbb7af91", "JMdict ent_seq 1305720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "339b02912278906ccc1da761d9257e875e9334144382cb020179185fa16c92b8" } }, { "id": "aa0f93504f", "word": "使い道", "reading": "つかいみち", "romaji": "tsukaimichi", "meanings": [ "use" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1305900, "examples": [ { "ja": "鉄は使い道の多い金ぞくだ。", "en": "Iron is a metal with many uses.", "tatoeba_id": 125245 }, { "ja": "彼は金の使い道に困っている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{金|かね}の{使|つか}い{道|みち}に{困|こま}っている。", "en": "He doesn't know what to do with his money.", "tatoeba_id": 108230 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "faa3418a8ddae2002bcfd05654614522c18c7ec82aa1fc8c0e3703ee23c9562e", "meanings": [ "用途" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "鉄は使い道の多い金ぞくだ。", "zh": "铁是一种用途广泛的金属。" }, { "ja": "彼は金の使い道に困っている。", "zh": "他发愁该怎么花钱。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aa0f93504f", "JMdict ent_seq 1305900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fdc2618bfa9dfe6ec8958bedde95228c0cb84fefa9cf6bd1d513a1dd147f4953" } }, { "id": "521e3dc77f", "word": "仕える", "reading": "つかえる", "romaji": "tsukaeru", "meanings": [ "to serve", "to work for" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1304760, "examples": [ { "ja": "コックは家族に長年仕えた。", "en": "The cook served the family for many years.", "tatoeba_id": 224135 }, { "ja": "その老人はその王に何年も仕えた。", "furigana": "その{老人|ろうじん}はその{王|おう}に{何年|なんねん}も{仕|つか}えた。", "en": "The old man served the king for many years.", "tatoeba_id": 206149 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "095796e8b54d61f1938d53a702eaaad59187ae709386aa08ffe0065ac3b32505", "meanings": [ "侍奉", "服务" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "コックは家族に長年仕えた。", "zh": "厨师为那家人服务了多年。" }, { "ja": "その老人はその王に何年も仕えた。", "zh": "那位老人侍奉国王多年。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/521e3dc77f", "JMdict ent_seq 1304760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "273193a06d01b9fb87981be5365db8ec576ca2e1c442f7355d4d51e556503ce0" } }, { "id": "be3990b6a4", "word": "司る", "reading": "つかさどる", "romaji": "tsukasadoru", "meanings": [ "to rule", "to govern", "to administer" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1306630, "examples": [ { "ja": "市長は市政を司る。", "furigana": "{市長|しちょう}は{市政|しせい}を{司|つかさど}る。", "en": "The mayor administers the affairs of the city.", "tatoeba_id": 168334 }, { "ja": "その省は内政問題の行政をつかさどる。", "furigana": "その{省|しょう}は{内政|ないせい}{問題|もんだい}の{行政|ぎょうせい}をつかさどる。", "en": "The ministry administers the internal affairs.", "tatoeba_id": 209005 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "09afb54fa3c0c350d20c2bc52946de23c70077c2ef2269bd562a3518f4458501", "meanings": [ "掌管" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "市長は市政を司る。", "zh": "市长掌管市政。" }, { "ja": "その省は内政問題の行政をつかさどる。", "zh": "那个部门掌管内政事务。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/be3990b6a4", "JMdict ent_seq 1306630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "821406036a3823bb4b8f81db39db580d9a8ae724977fec68d99d0bde9ec581fd" } }, { "id": "f908b2fcd8", "word": "束の間", "reading": "つかのま", "romaji": "tsukanoma", "meanings": [ "moment", "brief time", "brief", "transient" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "exp", "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1404490, "examples": [ { "ja": "がっかりしたことに、彼の勝利は、つかの間の勝利にすぎなかった。", "en": "To my regret, his was nothing but a short-lived triumph.", "tatoeba_id": 226358 }, { "ja": "つかの間の平和の後でまた戦争が起こった。", "en": "After a brief peace, war broke out again.", "tatoeba_id": 202593 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c602c524eb0d628d3569d34233995059cdb8b2de132e3f5cfab478f2072ff180", "meanings": [ "短暂", "片刻" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "がっかりしたことに、彼の勝利は、つかの間の勝利にすぎなかった。", "zh": "令人失望的是，他的胜利只持续了片刻。" }, { "ja": "つかの間の平和の後でまた戦争が起こった。", "zh": "短暂和平之后又发生了战争。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f908b2fcd8", "JMdict ent_seq 1404490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "611a2604c6f0ac17955507930394ff332837271160e3aa42637c38196296937b" } }, { "id": "5680067b6b", "word": "付き", "reading": "つき", "romaji": "tsuki", "meanings": [ "attached to", "impression", "sociality", "appearance", "furnished with", "under", "to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1583630, "examples": [ { "ja": "ああ、バスタブ付きがいいな。", "en": "Oh, a bath, please.", "tatoeba_id": 234759 }, { "ja": "浴室付きの二人部屋をお願いします。", "en": "We'd like a room for two with a bath.", "tatoeba_id": 78755 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ace08dc73b2fba5635540867eef3b66ad4bb09658739e4d8a8af0b1de8cb031b", "meanings": [ "附带" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ああ、バスタブ付きがいいな。", "zh": "啊，我想要带浴缸的。" }, { "ja": "浴室付きの二人部屋をお願いします。", "zh": "请给我一间带浴室的双人房。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5680067b6b", "JMdict ent_seq 1583630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a2d4402383b6fd1bb69798e105071f246048d17240cb0212efda9f9c79859659" } }, { "id": "7831f2b02c", "word": "月並み", "reading": "つきなみ", "romaji": "tsukinami", "meanings": [ "every month", "common" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1255810, "examples": [ { "ja": "月並みのパーティーだったよ。", "furigana": "{月並|つきな}みのパーティーだったよ。", "en": "That was just another party.", "tatoeba_id": 175612 }, { "ja": "彼らの判断は月並みだ。", "en": "They are conventional in their judgement.", "tatoeba_id": 98415 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4f12081154f1224afbbf48d3be999503b4ba87e30962ec1f320a5061af5cf7f2", "meanings": [ "平庸", "老套" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "月並みのパーティーだったよ。", "zh": "那是个平平无奇的派对。" }, { "ja": "彼らの判断は月並みだ。", "zh": "他们的判断很平庸。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7831f2b02c", "JMdict ent_seq 1255810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "469fd0d10dc12d1f3c791d1cbf951a2b70ba455afcfc5a7f4b2e0ff304001ad7" } }, { "id": "54a5fd6985", "word": "継ぎ目", "reading": "つぎめ", "romaji": "tsugime", "meanings": [ "a joint", "joining point" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1251860, "examples": [ { "ja": "いすの継ぎ目はぐらぐらしていた。", "furigana": "いすの{継|つ}ぎ{目|め}はぐらぐらしていた。", "en": "The joints of the chair were loose.", "tatoeba_id": 229126 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "98bc651dfa334daa1266b6e9ccb6417a16da3b523f41d2410b0c88a41fd3bf2c", "meanings": [ "接缝" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "いすの継ぎ目はぐらぐらしていた。", "zh": "椅子的接缝松动了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/54a5fd6985", "JMdict ent_seq 1251860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "61047b889486e2ff3ebfb271119ec6380f8a49065df3753e4f5e1d0f0ade98e6" } }, { "id": "353975152e", "word": "尽きる", "reading": "つきる", "romaji": "tsukiru", "meanings": [ "to be used up", "to be run out", "to be exhausted", "to be consumed", "to come to an end" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1370070, "examples": [ { "ja": "探検隊の糧食はすぐ尽きてしまった。", "furigana": "{探検隊|たんけんたい}の{糧食|りょうしょく}はすぐ{尽|つ}きてしまった。", "en": "The expedition's supplies soon gave out.", "tatoeba_id": 127379 }, { "ja": "奴の悪運が尽きるのも時間の問題だ。", "furigana": "{奴|やつ}の{悪運|あくうん}が{尽|つ}きるのも{時間|じかん}の{問題|もんだい}だ。", "en": "It's just a matter of time before his outrageous and undeserved good luck comes to an end.", "tatoeba_id": 191431 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ae1c34b8f9cd6d8615d3db3c3d29792a6fd46ffe877c63ceee21b4d21790ca90", "meanings": [ "耗尽", "结束" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "探検隊の糧食はすぐ尽きてしまった。", "zh": "探险队的粮食很快就用尽了。" }, { "ja": "奴の悪運が尽きるのも時間の問題だ。", "zh": "那家伙的侥幸终结只是时间问题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/353975152e", "JMdict ent_seq 1370070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0dab1dc51c1cdbfa3981ca0826facf9d324da32acd12b0ce5ad3957762e86ee2" } }, { "id": "08cfe03cb3", "word": "吐く", "reading": "つく", "romaji": "tsuku", "meanings": [ "to breathe", "to tell (lies)", "to vomit", "to disgorge" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1444150, "examples": [ { "ja": "息を深く吸ったり吐いたりしてください。", "furigana": "{息|いき}を{深|ふか}く{吸|す}ったり{吐|つ}いたりしてください。", "en": "Take a deep breath in and out, please.", "tatoeba_id": 140208 }, { "ja": "そんな言葉を吐いたことを君は後悔するだろう。", "furigana": "そんな{言葉|ことば}を{吐|つ}いたことを{君|きみ}は{後悔|こうかい}するだろう。", "en": "You'll regret having said those words.", "tatoeba_id": 204408 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "50fcd05c295aa25338ff35e36603bae0585d3d5f2d1a993c09e513d400eef453", "meanings": [ "吐出", "说出" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "息を深く吸ったり吐いたりしてください。", "zh": "请深吸气再呼气。" }, { "ja": "そんな言葉を吐いたことを君は後悔するだろう。", "zh": "你会后悔说出那样的话。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/08cfe03cb3", "JMdict ent_seq 1444150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1eb99be3c49906f0899b9fa902169441106dac16b20fcfeff492ed4b4621d7df" } }, { "id": "b0dfaaf7ed", "word": "継ぐ", "reading": "つぐ", "romaji": "tsugu", "meanings": [ "to succeed" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5g", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1251750, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼に家業を継ぐようにときつけた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}に{家業|かぎょう}を{継|つ}ぐようにときつけた。", "en": "I persuaded him to take on the family business.", "tatoeba_id": 118668 }, { "ja": "誰が王位を継ぐのですか。", "furigana": "{誰|だれ}が{王位|おうい}を{継|つ}ぐのですか。", "en": "Who will succeed to the throne?", "tatoeba_id": 136939 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9c16d34a0042dfcfc9f21d5de351321144f3db413b67a8b870447f763c900f74", "meanings": [ "继承", "接替" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼に家業を継ぐようにときつけた。", "zh": "我劝他继承家业。" }, { "ja": "誰が王位を継ぐのですか。", "zh": "谁来继承王位？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b0dfaaf7ed", "JMdict ent_seq 1251750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a52227e7a3d309f993fd142740e22856826dd5febc4c741948ca9e5fbc3ec15e" } }, { "id": "2e6b817c6f", "word": "接ぐ", "reading": "つぐ", "romaji": "tsugu", "meanings": [ "to join", "to piece together", "to set (bones)", "to graft (trees)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5g", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1385340, "examples": [ { "ja": "枝が伸び、実が成ることを想定して接ぐ場所を選びましょう。", "furigana": "{枝|えだ}が{伸|の}び、{実|み}が{成|な}ることを{想定|そうてい}して{接|つ}ぐ{場所|ばしょ}を{選|えら}びましょう。", "en": "Select the graft point after imagining how the branches will extend and fruit grow.", "tatoeba_id": 76096 }, { "ja": "医者は彼の折れた足をついだ。", "furigana": "{医者|いしゃ}は{彼|かれ}の{折|お}れた{足|あし}をついだ。", "en": "The doctor set his broken leg.", "tatoeba_id": 190767 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1a0efd6c6b18d3afd67a0adb4df73d14b98600f413256498463e89db97bd8259", "meanings": [ "接合", "嫁接" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "枝が伸び、実が成ることを想定して接ぐ場所を選びましょう。", "zh": "请考虑树枝生长和结果来选择嫁接位置。" }, { "ja": "医者は彼の折れた足をついだ。", "zh": "医生接好了他的断腿。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2e6b817c6f", "JMdict ent_seq 1385340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cefa7301155cd316561b0a4f19cefe2d2a908ca1e9f118229099ab3eb9c6c669" } }, { "id": "a942fde509", "word": "尽くす", "reading": "つくす", "romaji": "tsukusu", "meanings": [ "to exhaust", "to run out", "to serve (a person)", "to befriend" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1370090, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は全力を尽くして彼女を救った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{全力|ぜんりょく}を{尽|つ}くして{彼女|かのじょ}を{救|すく}った。", "en": "He did his best to rescue her.", "tatoeba_id": 102904 }, { "ja": "私たちは全力を尽くすつもりです。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちは{全力|ぜんりょく}を{尽|つ}くすつもりです。", "en": "We will do our best.", "tatoeba_id": 165507 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "44fbf128bca73ed7bdbf6b82a1b60fa7827681b7aca91b19a2b71d3fce752f26", "meanings": [ "竭尽", "奉献" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は全力を尽くして彼女を救った。", "zh": "他竭尽全力救了她。" }, { "ja": "私たちは全力を尽くすつもりです。", "zh": "我们打算尽全力。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a942fde509", "JMdict ent_seq 1370090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5c404249a68fd1368f37a2ecc319eb43f4d6dc627228de01d9f0585b59a31cbb" } }, { "id": "617364b915", "word": "作り", "reading": "つくり", "romaji": "tsukuri", "meanings": [ "make-up", "sliced raw fish" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1297250, "examples": [ { "ja": "芝刈り機が簡素な作りの荷車に積んである。", "en": "Some lawn equipment is loaded into the jerry-built cart.", "tatoeba_id": 149279 }, { "ja": "彼女の顔のつくりの中で目が一番いい。", "en": "Her eyes are her best feature.", "tatoeba_id": 94568 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d924e1f22281ee101c82bdde82f1abf572b6dc5ac0f47fe779acf977c685b39d", "meanings": [ "构造", "长相" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "芝刈り機が簡素な作りの荷車に積んである。", "zh": "割草机装在结构简单的手推车上。" }, { "ja": "彼女の顔のつくりの中で目が一番いい。", "zh": "她五官中眼睛最好看。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/617364b915", "JMdict ent_seq 1297250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "dcfc2d28fa661f6b1c83d75e42b7728b0361397013e04d7df91e51a33a6ba300" } }, { "id": "5b0c727913", "word": "造り", "reading": "つくり", "romaji": "tsukuri", "meanings": [ "make up", "structure", "physique" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1297250, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの家はレンガ造りだ。", "en": "That house is built of bricks.", "tatoeba_id": 231175 }, { "ja": "その煙突はレンガの造りだ。", "furigana": "その{煙突|えんとつ}はレンガの{造|つく}りだ。", "en": "The chimney is made of brick.", "tatoeba_id": 212193 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c9b48fed3f11501fa5443082dcd29b5167fc78b18b8460b4f041b970cfda75c8", "meanings": [ "构造", "制造" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの家はレンガ造りだ。", "zh": "那座房子是砖造的。" }, { "ja": "その煙突はレンガの造りだ。", "zh": "那个烟囱是砖造的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5b0c727913", "JMdict ent_seq 1297250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2cb339023997a210d7380eec9fdf5fb02c8fca93b2a1a2e3a3b6d35224cbead2" } }, { "id": "6686f635d7", "word": "造る", "reading": "つくる", "romaji": "tsukuru", "meanings": [ "to make", "to create", "to manufacture", "to draw up", "to write", "to compose", "to build", "to coin", "to cultivate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1597890, "examples": [ { "ja": "例外は作るべきではないと思います。", "furigana": "{例外|れいがい}は{作|つく}るべきではないと{思|おも}います。", "en": "I insist that exceptions not be made.", "tatoeba_id": 77679 }, { "ja": "たまごを割らずにオムレツは作れない。", "furigana": "たまごを{割|わ}らずにオムレツは{作|つく}れない。", "en": "You can't make an omelet without breaking eggs.", "tatoeba_id": 203324 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1cc2f38ced6db917dd7bbe5326d4cd92eb6f864c2f294b9f389630866dc49285", "meanings": [ "制造", "建造" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "例外は作るべきではないと思います。", "zh": "我认为不应该设立例外。" }, { "ja": "たまごを割らずにオムレツは作れない。", "zh": "不打破鸡蛋就做不成煎蛋卷。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6686f635d7", "JMdict ent_seq 1597890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c7ab73edfe433890d0315477097cbdb57f0090c7461f851a38ee264803b1fa8e" } }, { "id": "88bf13c181", "word": "繕う", "reading": "つくろう", "romaji": "tsukurou", "meanings": [ "to mend", "to repair", "to fix", "to patch up", "to darn", "to tidy up", "to adjust", "to trim" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1396480, "examples": [ { "ja": "世間体を繕う心配をするより他にやることがある。", "furigana": "{世間体|せけんてい}を{繕|つくろ}う{心配|しんぱい}をするより{他|ほか}にやることがある。", "en": "We have other things to do than worry about keeping up appearances.", "tatoeba_id": 143351 }, { "ja": "猿たちは互いに毛繕いし合っている。", "en": "The monkeys are grooming each other.", "tatoeba_id": 188726 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "75be2cb19694c7f727337d3651a150282a6f82330fe5676fd8a2c1ab843914fb", "meanings": [ "修补", "整理" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "世間体を繕う心配をするより他にやることがある。", "zh": "除了担心维持体面，你还有别的事要做。" }, { "ja": "猿たちは互いに毛繕いし合っている。", "zh": "猴子们互相梳理毛发。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/88bf13c181", "JMdict ent_seq 1396480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3b8e214c862df1892d3b1cc015e3511af3e55734fc7c33278a32d6f8546cabd8" } }, { "id": "6a852ae347", "word": "付け加える", "reading": "つけくわえる", "romaji": "tsukekuwaeru", "meanings": [ "to add one thing to another" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1495790, "examples": [ { "ja": "リストに彼の名前をつけ加えた。", "en": "I added his name to the list.", "tatoeba_id": 192532 }, { "ja": "彼はそんなことは信じないと付け加えた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はそんなことは{信|しん}じないと{付|つ}け{加|くわ}えた。", "en": "He added that he didn't believe it.", "tatoeba_id": 112142 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6dc1098444dd8795660c1e885b0f3a7efa36b275c00903ec271abf3612898bc7", "meanings": [ "补充", "加上" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "リストに彼の名前をつけ加えた。", "zh": "我把他的名字加到名单上。" }, { "ja": "彼はそんなことは信じないと付け加えた。", "zh": "他补充说自己不相信那种事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6a852ae347", "JMdict ent_seq 1495790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "90b96b5d2ceec9511085bcaa1a65a0c0e6d9627a0ed137a873758e5556e1b129" } }, { "id": "4b3148b7e1", "word": "告げる", "reading": "つげる", "romaji": "tsugeru", "meanings": [ "to inform" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1285990, "examples": [ { "ja": "真っ赤な夕焼けは明日の晴天を告げた。", "en": "The deep red of the setting sun portended fine weather.", "tatoeba_id": 145006 }, { "ja": "裁判長は、２時間の休憩を告げた。", "furigana": "{裁判長|さいばんちょう}は、２{時間|じかん}の{休憩|きゅうけい}を{告|つ}げた。", "en": "The judge called for a recess of two hours.", "tatoeba_id": 170244 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "715ffa3602426a7650d4966d0621e4507b43e747f069df644ccb4f91e351c5f8", "meanings": [ "告知", "预示" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "真っ赤な夕焼けは明日の晴天を告げた。", "zh": "鲜红的晚霞预示明天是晴天。" }, { "ja": "裁判長は、２時間の休憩を告げた。", "zh": "审判长宣布休庭两小时。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4b3148b7e1", "JMdict ent_seq 1285990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "54c3b5eca1537abf045fd3178e10077a90c94c7240b49c2c8798d276b2cf3f4e" } }, { "id": "134e796195", "word": "辻褄", "reading": "つじつま", "romaji": "tsujitsuma", "meanings": [ "coherence", "consistency" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1433730, "examples": [ { "ja": "統計の数字を理論とつじつまの合うように変える。", "furigana": "{統計|とうけい}の{数字|すうじ}を{理論|りろん}とつじつまの{合|あ}うように{変|か}える。", "en": "I accommodate statistics to theory.", "tatoeba_id": 123916 }, { "ja": "彼の話は多くの点でつじつまが合わない。", "en": "His story is inconsistent in many places.", "tatoeba_id": 115761 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f71edab8b6b5062d63f9e3fc71df84b0989873dec8d8c302f0c8314a2647bd6f", "meanings": [ "条理", "前后一致" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "統計の数字を理論とつじつまの合うように変える。", "zh": "更改统计数字，使其与理论一致。" }, { "ja": "彼の話は多くの点でつじつまが合わない。", "zh": "他的话在很多方面前后不一致。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/134e796195", "JMdict ent_seq 1433730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "10cb2e9f2c5b1c506b5837b220261185376f901516a170c97b3fb809abd6ad5e" } }, { "id": "8ba1e58b80", "word": "銃", "reading": "つつ", "romaji": "tsutsu", "meanings": [ "gun" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2864475, "examples": [ { "ja": "警察は簡単に銃を使ってはいけない。", "en": "Police can't be trigger happy.", "tatoeba_id": 176202 }, { "ja": "銃はアメリカ人には容易に手に入る。", "en": "Guns are readily accessible to Americans.", "tatoeba_id": 147949 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b3e6888afdbe08590ad0e52fb16c20cbc0935bd2b5e65be78ca63419947edbf8", "meanings": [ "枪" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "警察は簡単に銃を使ってはいけない。", "zh": "警察不能轻易使用枪支。" }, { "ja": "銃はアメリカ人には容易に手に入る。", "zh": "美国人很容易买到枪。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8ba1e58b80", "JMdict ent_seq 2864475; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bcf635440708034c5871653b2b241a7db880d6fc751b8429b95590d20aa25dde" } }, { "id": "c002a107c0", "word": "筒", "reading": "つつ", "romaji": "tsutsu", "meanings": [ "pipe", "tube" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1449590, "examples": [ { "ja": "紙の筒に図面が入っている。", "en": "The drawings are inside a paper tube." }, { "ja": "紙を筒に丸めてください。", "en": "Please roll the paper into a tube." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ce9c5d47413e3496f4e0c1736d85b372e727860b5a0e9e2da4a297e6b26a7bc4", "meanings": [ "筒", "管" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "紙の筒に図面が入っている。", "zh": "纸筒里装着图纸。" }, { "ja": "紙を筒に丸めてください。", "zh": "请把纸卷成筒。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c002a107c0", "JMdict ent_seq 1449590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d6a07b0bbcda8230a6a38bf22dc91aedcc2480f3a386e92fd9012cd31b457318" } }, { "id": "2564dfcfcb", "word": "突く", "reading": "つつく", "romaji": "tsutsuku", "meanings": [ "to thrust", "to strike", "to attack", "to poke", "to nudge", "to pick at" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1456895, "examples": [ { "ja": "やぶを突いて蛇をだすな。", "furigana": "やぶを{突|つつ}いて{蛇|へび}をだすな。", "en": "Let sleeping dogs lie.", "tatoeba_id": 193047 }, { "ja": "藪をつついてヘビを出す。", "furigana": "{藪|やぶ}をつついてヘビを{出|だ}す。", "en": "It's not good to wake a sleeping snake.", "tatoeba_id": 77078 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b80c682ecbd557cd18f8de6f512a90239485107de568f15d7322e658b939aeee", "meanings": [ "戳", "捅" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "やぶを突いて蛇をだすな。", "zh": "不要打草惊蛇。" }, { "ja": "藪をつついてヘビを出す。", "zh": "打草惊蛇。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2564dfcfcb", "JMdict ent_seq 1456895; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4ea3f7155a8062d61a4d2d12553edaaa8666949b6cd6ab9781818a26d8933de5" } }, { "id": "0738098ee1", "word": "慎む", "reading": "つつしむ", "romaji": "tsutsushimu", "meanings": [ "to be careful", "to be chaste or discreet", "to abstain or refrain" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1598000, "examples": [ { "ja": "時が時だからことばを慎みなさい。", "furigana": "{時|とき}が{時|とき}だからことばを{慎|つつし}みなさい。", "en": "As the situation is delicate, you should be careful of what you say.", "tatoeba_id": 150687 }, { "ja": "でしゃばるのは慎んでください。", "furigana": "でしゃばるのは{慎|つつし}んでください。", "en": "Please refrain from pushing forward.", "tatoeba_id": 202252 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "820a672d8bd24b8ddfe04392664d65b9933117a7a5324ea383df8d99317eb435", "meanings": [ "谨慎", "节制" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "時が時だからことばを慎みなさい。", "zh": "现在时机特殊，说话要谨慎。" }, { "ja": "でしゃばるのは慎んでください。", "zh": "请不要过分出风头。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0738098ee1", "JMdict ent_seq 1598000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bfbdc9b64a36be9bd73dded8c6b9fe879abd96233c82a3143e08694eb3441d0b" } }, { "id": "70d41d423d", "word": "突っ張る", "reading": "つっぱる", "romaji": "tsupparu", "meanings": [ "to support", "to become stiff", "to become taut", "to thrust (ones opponent)", "to stick to (ones opinion)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1610410, "examples": [ { "ja": "服がきつくて肩が突っ張る。", "en": "The tight clothing makes my shoulders feel stiff." }, { "ja": "彼は自分の意見を突っ張った。", "en": "He stuck stubbornly to his opinion." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "449e74ab0dede4dc3f6b243fb2d386c9e8841407542f683b1b02aa76d9b2599c", "meanings": [ "支撑", "绷紧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "服がきつくて肩が突っ張る。", "zh": "衣服太紧，肩膀绷得难受。" }, { "ja": "彼は自分の意見を突っ張った。", "zh": "他坚持自己的意见。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/70d41d423d", "JMdict ent_seq 1610410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5dbf10d965ab2baf4d84f3a51b2f6d820e394578c9efd8a9b8dd71a013f8951e" } }, { "id": "00c77c36b3", "word": "勤まる", "reading": "つとまる", "romaji": "tsutomaru", "meanings": [ "to be fit for", "to be equal to", "to function properly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1240800, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はとてもその仕事が勤まらなかった。", "en": "He fell lamentably short of his duty.", "tatoeba_id": 111621 }, { "ja": "その救助投手でエースの代わりはとても務まらなかった。", "en": "The relief pitcher was no substitute for the ace.", "tatoeba_id": 211446 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c456c4fd9f9b1e4c5e578461f0544570a9bf7a71e4d60e566b0e9f063c2c4f54", "meanings": [ "胜任" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はとてもその仕事が勤まらなかった。", "zh": "他完全不能胜任那项工作。" }, { "ja": "その救助投手でエースの代わりはとても務まらなかった。", "zh": "那位救援投手根本无法顶替王牌投手。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/00c77c36b3", "JMdict ent_seq 1240800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ccd94d2d0455162d7df09ab92898d1437c8f61c80542c5837fdadd895eed48b2" } }, { "id": "847b810d08", "word": "勤め先", "reading": "つとめさき", "romaji": "tsutomesaki", "meanings": [ "place of work" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1240910, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の勤め先はどこですか。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}の{勤|つと}め{先|さき}はどこですか。", "en": "Where does he work?", "tatoeba_id": 117758 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ac94818731a507365cee8383ca8043f83ac0e83393178b851a411daeda7f4f87", "meanings": [ "工作单位" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の勤め先はどこですか。", "zh": "他的工作单位在哪里？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/847b810d08", "JMdict ent_seq 1240910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2523f890088d520af717a043495b8c7624aca4058196eb6239f569fd0de09ae7" } }, { "id": "f7acf9c5b4", "word": "努めて", "reading": "つとめて", "romaji": "tsutomete", "meanings": [ "as much as possible", "as far as possible" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1445110, "examples": [ { "ja": "水面から飛び立つ鳥は努めてあとを濁さぬようにする。", "furigana": "{水面|すいめん}から{飛|と}び{立|た}つ{鳥|とり}は{努|つと}めてあとを{濁|にご}さぬようにする。", "en": "A bird flying out of the water is careful not to cause turbulence.", "tatoeba_id": 143624 }, { "ja": "彼は努めて雇い主を満足させようとした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{努|つと}めて{雇|やと}い{主|ぬし}を{満足|まんぞく}させようとした。", "en": "He was zealous in satisfying his employer.", "tatoeba_id": 101854 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4b52b48bdb870cb767d968b868bf34b19040ece5d42bdbd2bfa9e15646cb8f5d", "meanings": [ "尽量", "努力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "水面から飛び立つ鳥は努めてあとを濁さぬようにする。", "zh": "鸟从水面起飞时，尽量不弄浑身后的水。" }, { "ja": "彼は努めて雇い主を満足させようとした。", "zh": "他努力让雇主满意。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f7acf9c5b4", "JMdict ent_seq 1445110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "02ac136a4e9f4dac25d10e82322e1e4f492606ceb3f23216f7ac830618a3eb3a" } }, { "id": "e90119f304", "word": "津波", "reading": "つなみ", "romaji": "tsunami", "meanings": [ "tsunami", "tidal wave" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1432220, "examples": [ { "ja": "津波で流されてしまったのです。", "furigana": "{津波|つなみ}で{流|なが}されてしまったのです。", "en": "It is carried away by tidal waves.", "tatoeba_id": 125709 }, { "ja": "地震が起こり、さらに津波が襲った。", "furigana": "{地震|じしん}が{起|お}こり、さらに{津波|つなみ}が{襲|おそ}った。", "en": "There was an earthquake and, in addition, there was a tsunami.", "tatoeba_id": 126904 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1cd5cd20fdfd3b7939f7dadca8aebbf6758c41cd1200f0dddbea7ef563360b70", "meanings": [ "海啸" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "津波で流されてしまったのです。", "zh": "被海啸冲走了。" }, { "ja": "地震が起こり、さらに津波が襲った。", "zh": "发生了地震，接着海啸袭来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e90119f304", "JMdict ent_seq 1432220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d10a16f65c18a79a5b241081d706b8bfb9d599b4f4f300a8f7499ee80894bd46" } }, { "id": "637c1223d2", "word": "抓る", "reading": "つねる", "romaji": "tsuneru", "meanings": [ "to pinch" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1567230, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は私の腕をきつくつねった。", "en": "She pinched my arm sharply.", "tatoeba_id": 89308 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ee7e253403e84ddd8841de64274b173efd429a8cd1bce44d1b073c446d6821d0", "meanings": [ "掐" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は私の腕をきつくつねった。", "zh": "她用力掐了我的胳膊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/637c1223d2", "JMdict ent_seq 1567230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "178721c185083c4433a20f803ca9d2e0d2657cb67c49abe0d5f36300298425a4" } }, { "id": "3a6a16d2af", "word": "募る", "reading": "つのる", "romaji": "tsunoru", "meanings": [ "to invite", "to solicit", "to grow in intensity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1514800, "examples": [ { "ja": "会社は退職者を募った。", "furigana": "{会社|かいしゃ}は{退職者|たいしょくしゃ}を{募|つの}った。", "en": "The company appealed for people to take voluntary resignation.", "tatoeba_id": 185239 }, { "ja": "世界の航空産業は墜落事故についての懸念を募らせている。", "en": "The world's aviation industry is growing increasingly worried about crashes.", "tatoeba_id": 143433 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e44b2367017cabffb196cef1753a7fd4491c4391c3a4566c07f13b6dbb751546", "meanings": [ "招募", "加剧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "会社は退職者を募った。", "zh": "公司招募提前退休人员。" }, { "ja": "世界の航空産業は墜落事故についての懸念を募らせている。", "zh": "全球航空业对坠机事故的担忧越来越强。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3a6a16d2af", "JMdict ent_seq 1514800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b65f1b5b1d6c32db7aac8b2adaf0bfec7fd5e67f9965ccdc28e207ecaf9ba4b2" } }, { "id": "fac8d25e69", "word": "唾", "reading": "つば", "romaji": "tsuba", "meanings": [ "saliva", "sputum" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1408410, "examples": [ { "ja": "吐いた唾は飲めぬ。", "furigana": "{吐|つ}いた{唾|つば}は{飲|の}めぬ。", "en": "A word, once out, flies everywhere.", "tatoeba_id": 124617 }, { "ja": "彼の唾の吐き方が我慢できない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}の{唾|つば}の{吐|つ}き{方|ほう}が{我慢|がまん}できない。", "en": "I can't put up with the way he spits.", "tatoeba_id": 116595 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7b923f16f2606bca1bd8860727acb5e7a8ddef9c13ac62947bb8a441b7d5b6d3", "meanings": [ "唾液" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "吐いた唾は飲めぬ。", "zh": "吐出的唾沫不能再吞回去；说出的话无法收回。" }, { "ja": "彼の唾の吐き方が我慢できない。", "zh": "我受不了他吐口水的方式。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fac8d25e69", "JMdict ent_seq 1408410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a9974fa59a20d58bcb0430047943d925d24b0059138d49314f3f52142cbc4fc2" } }, { "id": "1d6e69684f", "word": "呟く", "reading": "つぶやく", "romaji": "tsubuyaku", "meanings": [ "to mutter", "to murmur" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1565120, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は学校に対する不満をつぶやいた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{学校|がっこう}に{対|たい}する{不満|ふまん}をつぶやいた。", "en": "He muttered complaints against the school.", "tatoeba_id": 108884 }, { "ja": "彼はのろいの言葉をつぶやいた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はのろいの{言葉|ことば}をつぶやいた。", "en": "He muttered a curse.", "tatoeba_id": 111343 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2ff9a4f2fa765884ea1869e049c58de8dffefdef3db03c77eed533d0ec4599cd", "meanings": [ "嘀咕", "低声说" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は学校に対する不満をつぶやいた。", "zh": "他低声抱怨学校。" }, { "ja": "彼はのろいの言葉をつぶやいた。", "zh": "他低声咒骂。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1d6e69684f", "JMdict ent_seq 1565120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0f61a4f8f794f9d777c9dd6c28f181827f534211d39df063bfc46f451587ba13" } }, { "id": "a5bd04e61d", "word": "瞑る", "reading": "つぶる", "romaji": "tsuburu", "meanings": [ "to close the eyes" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1585820, "examples": [ { "ja": "あまりに光が強いので彼女は目をつぶった。", "furigana": "あまりに{光|ひかり}が{強|つよ}いので{彼女|かのじょ}は{目|め}をつぶった。", "en": "She shut her eyes because the light was so strong.", "tatoeba_id": 230353 }, { "ja": "彼は目をつむり、腕組みをしたまま、肘掛けいすに座っていた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{目|め}をつむり、{腕組|うでぐ}みをしたまま、{肘掛|ひじか}けいすに{座|すわ}っていた。", "en": "He was sitting in the armchair, his eyes closed and his arms folded.", "tatoeba_id": 99523 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c908dd8d53d60e95589908a41321b9f1ba4c72c64037e3b8ebe6a8f999b9beaf", "meanings": [ "闭上眼睛" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あまりに光が強いので彼女は目をつぶった。", "zh": "光线太强，她闭上了眼睛。" }, { "ja": "彼は目をつむり、腕組みをしたまま、肘掛けいすに座っていた。", "zh": "他闭着眼睛，双臂交叉坐在扶手椅上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a5bd04e61d", "JMdict ent_seq 1585820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "db617bcca0b456cb448c5f8a16040933436388f03e7b728174fb9c5652a916fb" } }, { "id": "ff6c18c3ce", "word": "壷", "reading": "つぼ", "romaji": "tsubo", "meanings": [ "tsubo jar", "pot", "vase" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1433870, "examples": [ { "ja": "砂糖は壷にほとんど残っていません。", "furigana": "{砂糖|さとう}は{壷|つぼ}にほとんど{残|のこ}っていません。", "en": "There is little sugar left in the pot.", "tatoeba_id": 170879 }, { "ja": "数枚の古い硬貨の入った壷を見つけた。", "furigana": "{数枚|すうまい}の{古|ふる}い{硬貨|こうか}の{入|はい}った{壷|つぼ}を{見|み}つけた。", "en": "I found a pot in which there were several old coins.", "tatoeba_id": 155592 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "96d6f197328420b2d14dafa6fbe080e57e4fda674bb417d39c967711f8f4a351", "meanings": [ "壶", "罐" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "砂糖は壷にほとんど残っていません。", "zh": "壶里几乎没有糖了。" }, { "ja": "数枚の古い硬貨の入った壷を見つけた。", "zh": "发现了一个装着几枚古币的壶。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ff6c18c3ce", "JMdict ent_seq 1433870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d3538ffdb8e677e004fefe74160cb367ad7b8a9d1c0e40499a34f158b086fc74" } }, { "id": "a72d0a162f", "word": "蕾", "reading": "つぼみ", "romaji": "tsubomi", "meanings": [ "bud", "flower bud" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1571800, "examples": [ { "ja": "バラのつぼみは摘めるうちに摘め。", "furigana": "バラのつぼみは{摘|つ}めるうちに{摘|つ}め。", "en": "Gather ye rosebuds while ye may.", "tatoeba_id": 197898 }, { "ja": "バラの花は満開よりも蕾の方が甘美である。", "furigana": "バラの{花|はな}は{満開|まんかい}よりも{蕾|つぼみ}の{方|ほう}が{甘美|かんび}である。", "en": "A rose is sweeter in the bud than full blown.", "tatoeba_id": 197893 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c73fbc725a8d0af8e4932152e9eeed20e9fd10383418817f44b6e2f01c2d9732", "meanings": [ "花蕾" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "バラのつぼみは摘めるうちに摘め。", "zh": "趁能摘时就摘玫瑰花蕾。" }, { "ja": "バラの花は満開よりも蕾の方が甘美である。", "zh": "玫瑰花蕾比盛开的花更娇美。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a72d0a162f", "JMdict ent_seq 1571800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "46ff2088ac60622394387f8a681456ffcff0e80ba4eab1282e47577ae586ffc1" } }, { "id": "691f993a5a", "word": "摘む", "reading": "つまむ", "romaji": "tsumamu", "meanings": [ "to pinch", "to hold", "to pick up" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1598080, "examples": [ { "ja": "息を止めて鼻をつまみなさい。", "furigana": "{息|いき}を{止|と}めて{鼻|はな}をつまみなさい。", "en": "Hold your breath and pinch your nostrils.", "tatoeba_id": 140210 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4a70d0e3cbcda7cd0653876a51054a74c34c0037eb7fa477f35678c7a8ceb402", "meanings": [ "捏", "夹" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "息を止めて鼻をつまみなさい。", "zh": "屏住呼吸，捏住鼻子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/691f993a5a", "JMdict ent_seq 1598080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d06f57d4c21657607ec70d5b8eada5c941300dd1397961d2db522fcd7a043ef2" } }, { "id": "1cad4b9af1", "word": "露", "reading": "つゆ", "romaji": "tsuyu", "meanings": [ "dew" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1560070, "examples": [ { "ja": "芝生に露が降りている。", "furigana": "{芝生|しばふ}に{露|つゆ}が{降|お}りている。", "en": "Dew has formed on the lawn.", "tatoeba_id": 216133 }, { "ja": "露が草の葉におりている。", "furigana": "{露|つゆ}が{草|くさ}の{葉|は}におりている。", "en": "The dew is on the leaves of grass.", "tatoeba_id": 77392 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "364e591d732bd49439f7a529fd5c526006409a9ce939da312fe06e8fbc682165", "meanings": [ "露水" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "芝生に露が降りている。", "zh": "草坪上落了露水。" }, { "ja": "露が草の葉におりている。", "zh": "草叶上凝结了露水。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1cad4b9af1", "JMdict ent_seq 1560070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e83638fbc1e07f9424246b3cc7cb4bb51dca7227015d9fd59a9c4497ffde2bb2" } }, { "id": "b341206308", "word": "強まる", "reading": "つよまる", "romaji": "tsuyomaru", "meanings": [ "to get strong", "to gain strength" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1236130, "examples": [ { "ja": "その言葉で彼に対する疑惑はさらに強まった。", "furigana": "その{言葉|ことば}で{彼|かれ}に{対|たい}する{疑惑|ぎわく}はさらに{強|つよ}まった。", "en": "The words confirmed him in his suspicions.", "tatoeba_id": 210911 }, { "ja": "年をとると共に、情熱は薄れるが、身についた習慣は強まるものだ。", "en": "Passions weaken, but habits strengthen, with age.", "tatoeba_id": 121836 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c54c46e5295b2466c2554d17ca34be254923f4ffc2455567179800b46d70871e", "meanings": [ "增强" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その言葉で彼に対する疑惑はさらに強まった。", "zh": "那番话使对他的怀疑进一步加深。" }, { "ja": "年をとると共に、情熱は薄れるが、身についた習慣は強まるものだ。", "zh": "随着年龄增长，热情减退，养成的习惯却会加强。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b341206308", "JMdict ent_seq 1236130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f0d7cc89da3d137007f4f8a428ab9a035d2d48d8a418156c0fdae27123d2ae2d" } }, { "id": "f507f7f8a6", "word": "強める", "reading": "つよめる", "romaji": "tsuyomeru", "meanings": [ "to strengthen", "to emphasize" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1236150, "examples": [ { "ja": "活動家たちは反対運動を強めています。", "furigana": "{活動|かつどう}{家|いえ}たちは{反対運動|はんたいうんどう}を{強|つよ}めています。", "en": "Activists are stepping up their protest drive.", "tatoeba_id": 184105 }, { "ja": "財界では、法案提出断念に反発を強めているそうだ。", "furigana": "{財界|ざいかい}では、{法案提出|ほうあんていしゅつ}{断念|だんねん}に{反発|はんぱつ}を{強|つよ}めているそうだ。", "en": "In the financial world opposition is apparently increasing against the withdrawal of the proposed bill.", "tatoeba_id": 76123 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9428a66d6bc8dc950972cca27271c92160ce75bdd242d361451fefe949e9f75a", "meanings": [ "加强" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "活動家たちは反対運動を強めています。", "zh": "活动人士正在加强反对运动。" }, { "ja": "財界では、法案提出断念に反発を強めているそうだ。", "zh": "据说经济界对放弃提交法案的反对日益强烈。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f507f7f8a6", "JMdict ent_seq 1236150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "97978b998402b78bf256d9986a44dc7320fef32e1bdf9fde33fdfdeac06e77c7" } }, { "id": "17ba5166b9", "word": "連なる", "reading": "つらなる", "romaji": "tsuranaru", "meanings": [ "to extend", "to stretch out", "to stand in a row" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1559240, "examples": [ { "ja": "山々が遠くまで連なっている。", "en": "The mountains stretch into the distance." }, { "ja": "多くの人が列に連なった。", "en": "Many people lined up in a row." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0bf833679ed237c7c3e6fe426d7b0ff14a9b08c45f1c867c4700e34211646357", "meanings": [ "连绵", "排列" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "山々が遠くまで連なっている。", "zh": "群山连绵至远方。" }, { "ja": "多くの人が列に連なった。", "zh": "很多人排成一列。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/17ba5166b9", "JMdict ent_seq 1559240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "eaad45a1f52a6d408c69c75335b56241b78844d4c7836611703dbc7cb09ac1b4" } }, { "id": "4786dd1bfd", "word": "貫く", "reading": "つらぬく", "romaji": "tsuranuku", "meanings": [ "to go through" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1215070, "examples": [ { "ja": "大きな川がその市を貫いて流れている。", "furigana": "{大|おお}きな{川|かわ}がその{市|し}を{貫|つらぬ}いて{流|なが}れている。", "en": "A broad river runs through the city.", "tatoeba_id": 137712 }, { "ja": "弾丸は仕切り壁を貫いた。", "furigana": "{弾丸|だんがん}は{仕切|しき}り{壁|かべ}を{貫|つらぬ}いた。", "en": "The bullet penetrated the partition.", "tatoeba_id": 127325 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "768853ac0075dd64857315c46cad7173a622f7fe6bc169dec67d210527d5af29", "meanings": [ "贯穿", "贯彻" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大きな川がその市を貫いて流れている。", "zh": "一条大河穿城而过。" }, { "ja": "弾丸は仕切り壁を貫いた。", "zh": "子弹穿透了隔板。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4786dd1bfd", "JMdict ent_seq 1215070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "135761eaf2948e2b26e438dd9fa274ab1185781a35d1ce4ab43b9248a170c9c7" } }, { "id": "24aea90de3", "word": "連ねる", "reading": "つらねる", "romaji": "tsuraneru", "meanings": [ "to link", "to join", "to put together" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1559250, "examples": [ { "ja": "家々が通りに軒を連ねる。", "en": "Houses stand in a row along the street." }, { "ja": "彼は名簿に名前を連ねた。", "en": "He added his name to the list." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c825605d8f4c5d9c9f7dbe6b534b032e10af46236733fa39a1b12832f2e747d8", "meanings": [ "排列", "连缀" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "家々が通りに軒を連ねる。", "zh": "房屋沿街排列。" }, { "ja": "彼は名簿に名前を連ねた。", "zh": "他把名字列在名单上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/24aea90de3", "JMdict ent_seq 1559250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d5ce313bcb787f422afd573cf3227768ecc014609f8985575855317a27fa66dc" } }, { "id": "34f200e33e", "word": "釣鐘", "reading": "つりがね", "romaji": "tsurigane", "meanings": [ "hanging bell" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1434090, "examples": [ { "ja": "寺の釣鐘が鳴った。", "en": "The temple bell rang." }, { "ja": "彼は大きな釣鐘を見上げた。", "en": "He looked up at the large hanging bell." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "872cc273c8e2816508b74ebeb233d655c4b95c264be1ca6b8f231cd11d2b5084", "meanings": [ "吊钟" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "寺の釣鐘が鳴った。", "zh": "寺庙的吊钟响了。" }, { "ja": "彼は大きな釣鐘を見上げた。", "zh": "他望着大钟。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/34f200e33e", "JMdict ent_seq 1434090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "02047264a8dcad82b631dd779dc0a5bfc9a2ac9a41a947e41c249d5fb1c425f8" } }, { "id": "763f0e37f3", "word": "吊り革", "reading": "つりかわ", "romaji": "tsurikawa", "meanings": [ "strap" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1773770, "examples": [ { "ja": "つり革につかまりなさい。電車がすぐ動き出すだろうから。", "furigana": "つり{革|かわ}につかまりなさい。{電車|でんしゃ}がすぐ{動|うご}き{出|だ}すだろうから。", "en": "Hold on to the strap. The train will start to move soon.", "tatoeba_id": 202517 }, { "ja": "私は仕方なく、つり革につかまった。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{仕方|しかた}なく、つり{革|かわ}につかまった。", "en": "I was compelled to hold a strap.", "tatoeba_id": 156607 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "54565ef00c3d49528b309ac46509cd21721f48c8924419e1a081f73c800de47e", "meanings": [ "吊环" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "つり革につかまりなさい。電車がすぐ動き出すだろうから。", "zh": "抓住吊环，电车马上要开了。" }, { "ja": "私は仕方なく、つり革につかまった。", "zh": "我只好抓住吊环。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/763f0e37f3", "JMdict ent_seq 1773770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "41263e60883d80cf90998a614d1e350ebac77e0b6c9b6bb25bb113dcaddacb28" } }, { "id": "21fc5b6373", "word": "出合う", "reading": "であう", "romaji": "deau", "meanings": [ "to meet by chance", "to come across", "to happen to encounter", "to hold a rendezvous", "to have a date" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1598530, "examples": [ { "ja": "きのう旧友の一人に出会った。", "furigana": "きのう{旧友|きゅうゆう}の{一人|ひとり}に{出会|であ}った。", "en": "I saw an old friend of mine yesterday.", "tatoeba_id": 225957 }, { "ja": "私は道で古い友人と偶然出会った。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{道|みち}で{古|ふる}い{友人|ゆうじん}と{偶然|ぐうぜん}{出会|であ}った。", "en": "I happened across an old friend in the street.", "tatoeba_id": 154817 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "eb6bc9f16c46a696b3de75781525005f469583601a7ce083b249d27a3de7beca", "meanings": [ "偶遇", "相遇" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "きのう旧友の一人に出会った。", "zh": "昨天遇到了一位老朋友。" }, { "ja": "私は道で古い友人と偶然出会った。", "zh": "我在路上偶然遇到了老朋友。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/21fc5b6373", "JMdict ent_seq 1598530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "556c5be80ca3ca4b1040b69cac8945efe2d620bbd579fcae9457db21b79919d5" } }, { "id": "232bbc0cc6", "word": "手当て", "reading": "てあて", "romaji": "teate", "meanings": [ "allowance", "compensation", "treatment", "medical care" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1598240, "examples": [ { "ja": "会社は通常の月給の他に諸手当で毎月１０万円払ってくれる。", "en": "The company pays me 100,000 yen in various allowances a month in addition to the regular salary.", "tatoeba_id": 185238 }, { "ja": "その男はこの種の傷の手当に慣れていた。", "en": "The man was used to treating this kind of wound.", "tatoeba_id": 208107 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ec8b8f6112acf407962343ee79f4dbb19cd1d900f189747e56950d5e339aa435", "meanings": [ "津贴", "治疗" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "会社は通常の月給の他に諸手当で毎月１０万円払ってくれる。", "zh": "公司除正常月薪外，每月还支付十万日元的各项津贴。" }, { "ja": "その男はこの種の傷の手当に慣れていた。", "zh": "那个男人习惯处理这类伤口。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/232bbc0cc6", "JMdict ent_seq 1598240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0e520ae14353c6830062b00e7527a5abc80df2d4d6608d46b3e66e0850c2dc94" } }, { "id": "060bd26d75", "word": "体", "reading": "てい", "romaji": "tei", "meanings": [ "appearance", "air", "condition", "state", "form" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1409160, "examples": [ { "ja": "奥さんのがみがみ小言にフレッドさんは大弱りの体であった。", "en": "Fred was very troubled by his wife's nagging.", "tatoeba_id": 76328 }, { "ja": "国会は、盗聴法案を巡ってまさに侃々諤々の体であった。", "en": "Parliament members had a raucous argument over the Wiretapping Law.", "tatoeba_id": 173089 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e2fa01c2a423224250e67efdac7a6460222bfe98b722cb78a97209d6d6414b60", "meanings": [ "样子", "状态" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "奥さんのがみがみ小言にフレッドさんは大弱りの体であった。", "zh": "弗雷德被妻子唠叨得很苦恼的样子。" }, { "ja": "国会は、盗聴法案を巡ってまさに侃々諤々の体であった。", "zh": "国会就窃听法案展开了激烈争论。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/060bd26d75", "JMdict ent_seq 1409160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "12c34701ee6d2bf1ba0f116ff8c59b1450167ccf99823475a5f1d3cf4dcd3a70" } }, { "id": "80ca5a134c", "word": "定義", "reading": "ていぎ", "romaji": "teigi", "meanings": [ "definition" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1435530, "examples": [ { "ja": "定義するのが難しい語もある。", "furigana": "{定義|ていぎ}するのが{難|むずか}しい{語|ご}もある。", "en": "Some words are hard to define.", "tatoeba_id": 125537 }, { "ja": "辞書は単語を定義するものである。", "furigana": "{辞書|じしょ}は{単語|たんご}を{定義|ていぎ}するものである。", "en": "A dictionary defines words.", "tatoeba_id": 149658 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "33a3084c8dec3672825356753107b78cefb576ab9d82714acc358a7a74cb6fc7", "meanings": [ "定义" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "定義するのが難しい語もある。", "zh": "有些词很难定义。" }, { "ja": "辞書は単語を定義するものである。", "zh": "词典是给单词下定义的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/80ca5a134c", "JMdict ent_seq 1435530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2da8f17aa4f8f10a942fd686f9e782b2512358852b88309d1f8df04af8dd9859" } }, { "id": "bb77560bcb", "word": "提供", "reading": "ていきょう", "romaji": "teikyou", "meanings": [ "offer", "tender", "program sponsoring", "furnishing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1436360, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは彼によい仕事を提供した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちは{彼|かれ}によい{仕事|しごと}を{提供|ていきょう}した。", "en": "We offered him a nice job.", "tatoeba_id": 165317 }, { "ja": "費用に値するだけの価値を提供する。", "furigana": "{費用|ひよう}に{値|あたい}するだけの{価値|かち}を{提供|ていきょう}する。", "en": "They provide value for money.", "tatoeba_id": 85807 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "36e3eabeab910c0917214994a6dac69d38dd8b3bb18769b4aa31ed58218b4745", "meanings": [ "提供" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは彼によい仕事を提供した。", "zh": "我们给他提供了一份好工作。" }, { "ja": "費用に値するだけの価値を提供する。", "zh": "提供与费用相称的价值。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bb77560bcb", "JMdict ent_seq 1436360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "58c45b3acc0e8d08a7c2a0452a70e81ae96d16a8b6a7789cbceba32464ce4d6b" } }, { "id": "207bda82fe", "word": "提携", "reading": "ていけい", "romaji": "teikei", "meanings": [ "cooperation", "tie-up", "joint business", "link-up" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1436380, "examples": [ { "ja": "うちの会社はあの合弁会社と提携している。", "furigana": "うちの{会社|かいしゃ}はあの{合弁会社|ごうべんがいしゃ}と{提携|ていけい}している。", "en": "We are affiliated with the new joint venture company.", "tatoeba_id": 228220 }, { "ja": "二つの政党は提携してその法案をつぶした。", "furigana": "{二|ふた}つの{政党|せいとう}は{提携|ていけい}してその{法案|ほうあん}をつぶした。", "en": "The two parties allied to defeat the bill.", "tatoeba_id": 123164 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9e2bd779cb2736b5fff5c6607357170d1e846cfa8e01b8285284d0d90d73b1f8", "meanings": [ "合作", "联营" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "うちの会社はあの合弁会社と提携している。", "zh": "我们公司与那家合资企业合作。" }, { "ja": "二つの政党は提携してその法案をつぶした。", "zh": "两个政党合作否决了那项法案。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/207bda82fe", "JMdict ent_seq 1436380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bfce9427362783388776ac64a92ac030c1e250db6c12542193229007e35c951f" } }, { "id": "66ade36f4f", "word": "体裁", "reading": "ていさい", "romaji": "teisai", "meanings": [ "decency", "style", "form", "appearance", "show", "get-up", "format" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1409480, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は彼の紳士らしい体裁にだまされてしまった。", "en": "She was taken in by his gentlemanly appearance.", "tatoeba_id": 87289 }, { "ja": "同じような人々からなる私たちの地域社会では、体裁に従おうとする意識は不可欠な要素である。", "en": "Conformity is an essential element of our homogeneous community.", "tatoeba_id": 123710 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f38b00ebb33c1810bf0a9e14f1db9bb665c1ab9c2d9647c1a1f349af7b51577b", "meanings": [ "外表", "体面" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は彼の紳士らしい体裁にだまされてしまった。", "zh": "她被他绅士般的外表骗了。" }, { "ja": "同じような人々からなる私たちの地域社会では、体裁に従おうとする意識は不可欠な要素である。", "zh": "在由相似的人组成的社区里，追求体面是一项不可或缺的因素。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/66ade36f4f", "JMdict ent_seq 1409480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9845118ebbefa83eb75e5164c62b072b76affa53eb44830d61657bbc6051b207" } }, { "id": "82e39c46a6", "word": "梯子", "reading": "ていし", "romaji": "teishi", "meanings": [ "ladder", "stairs" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2869275, "examples": [ { "ja": "倉庫で梯子を見つけた。", "en": "He found a ladder in the warehouse." }, { "ja": "作業員は梯子を使って高所に上った。", "en": "The worker used a ladder to reach a high place." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5541beef86ed1ea2265f9d1415d8d40d3c74176362f9bdd7ab3a540fa974597e", "meanings": [ "梯子" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "倉庫で梯子を見つけた。", "zh": "他在仓库里发现了一架梯子。" }, { "ja": "作業員は梯子を使って高所に上った。", "zh": "工人用梯子登上了高处。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/82e39c46a6", "JMdict ent_seq 2869275; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4d0657bc6c8298f17d642c2bedb7a171dac390ef401d56f3c2e518677939b4d7" } }, { "id": "b12f437f19", "word": "提示", "reading": "ていじ", "romaji": "teiji", "meanings": [ "presentation", "exhibit", "suggest", "citation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1436400, "examples": [ { "ja": "下記に対して価格を提示してください。", "furigana": "{下記|かき}に{対|たい}して{価格|かかく}を{提示|ていじ}してください。", "en": "I'd like a quote for the following.", "tatoeba_id": 188232 }, { "ja": "国境でパスポートの提示を求められた。", "furigana": "{国境|こっきょう}でパスポートの{提示|ていじ}を{求|もと}められた。", "en": "I was asked for my passport at the border.", "tatoeba_id": 173069 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "51bd55e558d90ecab9da6d5f6da88df254387a837198b5fedce66f6858c99fb7", "meanings": [ "出示", "提出" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "下記に対して価格を提示してください。", "zh": "请给下列项目报价。" }, { "ja": "国境でパスポートの提示を求められた。", "zh": "在边境被要求出示护照。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b12f437f19", "JMdict ent_seq 1436400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "33e9f37292d0436091b0738c6c92e8eb3d6375d4ae9c2ee46a71bb7bdd0a5205" } }, { "id": "d525e3a83a", "word": "定食", "reading": "ていしょく", "romaji": "teishoku", "meanings": [ "set meal", "special (of the day)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1435650, "examples": [ { "ja": "日替わり定食にしませんか。", "furigana": "{日替|ひが}わり{定食|ていしょく}にしませんか。", "en": "How about getting the special of the day?", "tatoeba_id": 122849 }, { "ja": "彼は焼き魚定食一人前を注文した。", "en": "He ordered one grilled fish dinner.", "tatoeba_id": 6142087 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4e038003ef498da7fbf1c79449f953fbf68b14128e1488b5ad190225d82a806e", "meanings": [ "套餐" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "日替わり定食にしませんか。", "zh": "要不要点每日替换套餐？" }, { "ja": "彼は焼き魚定食一人前を注文した。", "zh": "他点了一份烤鱼套餐。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d525e3a83a", "JMdict ent_seq 1435650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ccdecf1dcd19dc07e242ddf7808eafc2a13fa6a64ffccc2188065cc7d9f760bd" } }, { "id": "f6de4ac7bc", "word": "訂正", "reading": "ていせい", "romaji": "teisei", "meanings": [ "correction", "revision" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1436710, "examples": [ { "ja": "間違っていれば私のつづりを訂正してください。", "en": "Correct my spelling if it's wrong.", "tatoeba_id": 183716 }, { "ja": "誤りを訂正するほうが賢明であろう。", "furigana": "{誤|あやま}りを{訂正|ていせい}するほうが{賢明|けんめい}であろう。", "en": "You would do well to correct your mistakes.", "tatoeba_id": 174217 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c4add937672c1763fc3cd9236ade7fb39ad3d548dc405156354e90d504426401", "meanings": [ "订正" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "間違っていれば私のつづりを訂正してください。", "zh": "如果拼错，请纠正我的拼写。" }, { "ja": "誤りを訂正するほうが賢明であろう。", "zh": "纠正错误更明智。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f6de4ac7bc", "JMdict ent_seq 1436710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d387494e7709944f080eb26b6e269a209ef5f0bcd7232b47776eae223ca02f23" } }, { "id": "f25d2a8993", "word": "停滞", "reading": "ていたい", "romaji": "teitai", "meanings": [ "stagnation", "tie-up", "congestion", "retention", "accumulation", "falling into arrears" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1435010, "examples": [ { "ja": "その船は海岸を少し離れて停滞していた。", "furigana": "その{船|ふね}は{海岸|かいがん}を{少|すこ}し{離|はな}れて{停滞|ていたい}していた。", "en": "The ship stopped a little way off the shore.", "tatoeba_id": 208432 }, { "ja": "雇用が停滞し続けた。", "furigana": "{雇用|こよう}が{停滞|ていたい}し{続|つづ}けた。", "en": "Employment continued to lag.", "tatoeba_id": 174451 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8ef7e79583d3c1847990eb2d2787d44626eaae29de0f53846eabae0bdb9115e8", "meanings": [ "停滞" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その船は海岸を少し離れて停滞していた。", "zh": "船停在离海岸不远的地方。" }, { "ja": "雇用が停滞し続けた。", "zh": "就业持续停滞。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f25d2a8993", "JMdict ent_seq 1435010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1707477ad60dd362ac9eea3fdbd37c6a645af079b54d76855e438dbd53423cee" } }, { "id": "89c0c2a328", "word": "邸宅", "reading": "ていたく", "romaji": "teitaku", "meanings": [ "mansion", "residence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1436820, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はちょっとした邸宅に住んでいる。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はちょっとした{邸宅|ていたく}に{住|す}んでいる。", "en": "She lives in quite a big mansion.", "tatoeba_id": 92112 }, { "ja": "強盗は屋根からあの邸宅に入ったに違いない。", "furigana": "{強盗|ごうとう}は{屋根|やね}からあの{邸宅|ていたく}に{入|はい}ったに{違|ちが}いない。", "en": "The cat burglar must have entered the mansion from the roof.", "tatoeba_id": 180477 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "af2d3540240473c233bf567030bbf93f4451294706f2624cf9846285039b5278", "meanings": [ "宅邸" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はちょっとした邸宅に住んでいる。", "zh": "她住在一座相当大的宅邸里。" }, { "ja": "強盗は屋根からあの邸宅に入ったに違いない。", "zh": "强盗一定是从屋顶进入那座宅邸的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/89c0c2a328", "JMdict ent_seq 1436820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "34c8a711eb094b1578aad0eff5395660f42c68824018d0c9a139595a501c671d" } }, { "id": "df4eaa5b9f", "word": "ティッシュペーパー", "reading": "ティッシュペーパー", "romaji": "tisshupeepaa", "meanings": [ "tissue paper" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1079110, "examples": [ { "ja": "ティッシュペーパーを一枚ください。", "en": "Please give me a tissue." }, { "ja": "彼女はティッシュペーパーで手を拭いた。", "en": "She wiped her hands with a tissue." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "54649cfd96fc85df869f214455a98e1de1bf89506668fa0bd1a422f615d7f1a4", "meanings": [ "纸巾" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ティッシュペーパーを一枚ください。", "zh": "请给我一张纸巾。" }, { "ja": "彼女はティッシュペーパーで手を拭いた。", "zh": "她用纸巾擦了手。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/df4eaa5b9f", "JMdict ent_seq 1079110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "98cdaf404b1ec040c5ffd54746fb54f2214d4424ccf2bcf921602afa5d4b7af0" } }, { "id": "0d7b0235f9", "word": "定年", "reading": "ていねん", "romaji": "teinen", "meanings": [ "retirement age" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1435740, "examples": [ { "ja": "私の会社では６０歳が定年である。", "en": "At our company, the retirement age is 60.", "tatoeba_id": 163913 }, { "ja": "彼は定年まで大過なく勤めあげた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{定年|ていねん}まで{大過|たいか}なく{勤|つと}めあげた。", "en": "He served without any serious errors until he reached retirement age.", "tatoeba_id": 101996 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bbfc9ea2a79f3a5da7ca24104ff17c969a39065814692764494985e0127279e7", "meanings": [ "退休年龄" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私の会社では６０歳が定年である。", "zh": "我的公司退休年龄是六十岁。" }, { "ja": "彼は定年まで大過なく勤めあげた。", "zh": "他工作到退休年龄，平安完成了任期。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0d7b0235f9", "JMdict ent_seq 1435740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3215e077af4201605a4c6187053bea137671a27f9dd71b9473d83c75c7f82d46" } }, { "id": "4634e54c9a", "word": "堤防", "reading": "ていぼう", "romaji": "teibou", "meanings": [ "bank", "weir" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1435350, "examples": [ { "ja": "子供たちは堤防をすべりおりた。", "furigana": "{子供|こども}たちは{堤防|ていぼう}をすべりおりた。", "en": "The children slid down the bank.", "tatoeba_id": 168719 }, { "ja": "堤防が都市を洪水から守ってくれた。", "furigana": "{堤防|ていぼう}が{都市|とし}を{洪水|こうずい}から{守|まも}ってくれた。", "en": "The bank secured the city from a flood.", "tatoeba_id": 125545 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "28ec209dd2a929e419f57ad41ef07cda3f8c91b9557b79fbff5a5d029185a673", "meanings": [ "堤坝" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "子供たちは堤防をすべりおりた。", "zh": "孩子们从堤坝上滑下来。" }, { "ja": "堤防が都市を洪水から守ってくれた。", "zh": "堤坝保护了城市免受洪水侵袭。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4634e54c9a", "JMdict ent_seq 1435350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "916d8c5e4bf56de424dc601499680b576f9a5d8df9a86b32540042eef14a39d7" } }, { "id": "0c72f993c8", "word": "データ", "reading": "データ", "romaji": "deeta", "meanings": [ "data" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1081190, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのデータは全く役に立たなかった。", "furigana": "そのデータは{全|まった}く{役|やく}に{立|た}たなかった。", "en": "The data was completely useless.", "tatoeba_id": 212961 }, { "ja": "コンピューターにデータをいれる。", "en": "I feed data into a computer.", "tatoeba_id": 217271 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ade40e024136a3f532a4547cbefa0fdf49ac67b9bb0dd696ce235d452e21a1fa", "meanings": [ "数据" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのデータは全く役に立たなかった。", "zh": "那些数据完全没用。" }, { "ja": "コンピューターにデータをいれる。", "zh": "把数据输入电脑。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0c72f993c8", "JMdict ent_seq 1081190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2bea75b6fba15d051f188d0ffc220ecd1798bb025b9a813818bd25027dd2eb72" } }, { "id": "b54b2396f3", "word": "手遅れ", "reading": "ておくれ", "romaji": "teokure", "meanings": [ "too late", "belated treatment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1328120, "examples": [ { "ja": "手後れにならないうちに、必要な措置を取るべきです。", "en": "We should take the necessary steps before it's too late.", "tatoeba_id": 148595 }, { "ja": "もう手遅れだ。", "furigana": "もう{手遅|ておく}れだ。", "en": "The damage is done.", "tatoeba_id": 194172 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7a43214df4b7feae9a3a7399e1bab551125943f066a786c0686973c4385284fd", "meanings": [ "为时已晚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "手後れにならないうちに、必要な措置を取るべきです。", "zh": "应当在太迟之前采取必要措施。" }, { "ja": "もう手遅れだ。", "zh": "已经太晚了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b54b2396f3", "JMdict ent_seq 1328120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a952b39b4363090466cb80edf93e590122ab7a7570b5452d11eaf814ad676646" } }, { "id": "bcaa9a7e21", "word": "でかい", "reading": "でかい", "romaji": "dekai", "meanings": [ "huge" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1008370, "examples": [ { "ja": "こんなデカイのがチャリの荷台に乗るわけないだろ。", "furigana": "こんなデカイのがチャリの{荷台|にだい}に{乗|の}るわけないだろ。", "en": "There's no way one that big is going to go on a bike's luggage rest.", "tatoeba_id": 75477 }, { "ja": "あいつでかいことばかり言ってるけど、そのうちぼろを出すよ。", "en": "He's always talking like a big shot, but it won't be long before all his faults are exposed.", "tatoeba_id": 234674 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "43d0f4b9a8868e13022be2a0cf3061e8aa816d4373e42c52c46e0a795e981321", "meanings": [ "巨大" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "こんなデカイのがチャリの荷台に乗るわけないだろ。", "zh": "这么大的东西怎么可能放在自行车后座上。" }, { "ja": "あいつでかいことばかり言ってるけど、そのうちぼろを出すよ。", "zh": "那家伙总说大话，迟早会露馅。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bcaa9a7e21", "JMdict ent_seq 1008370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "28f4c77421437257ad9db0f1d5fed8f528a079419b9972ac7e700cfcd21a0321" } }, { "id": "8bfa06b980", "word": "手掛かり", "reading": "てがかり", "romaji": "tegakari", "meanings": [ "contact", "trail", "scent", "on hand", "hand hold", "clue", "key" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1598300, "examples": [ { "ja": "ここの下りも手掛かりがないので危険だ。", "en": "The downclimb here is also dangerous as there are no handholds.", "tatoeba_id": 74130 }, { "ja": "その殺人者の正体は手掛かりがまったくなかった。", "en": "There was no clue as to the identity of the murderer.", "tatoeba_id": 210492 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0a230565dd268fb8f08f7d8ddbbb4eca87e203dcafb95ed320f305332619bf18", "meanings": [ "线索", "攀手" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ここの下りも手掛かりがないので危険だ。", "zh": "这里下坡也没有可以抓住的地方，很危险。" }, { "ja": "その殺人者の正体は手掛かりがまったくなかった。", "zh": "关于凶手的身份完全没有线索。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8bfa06b980", "JMdict ent_seq 1598300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "db4fc4c661f66bcd1d331ca8c1d6fe1df15514e4a6bddce09aa634fbf74d4e53" } }, { "id": "608257c42c", "word": "手掛ける", "reading": "てがける", "romaji": "tegakeru", "meanings": [ "to handle", "to manage", "to work with", "to rear", "to look after", "to have experience with" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1327390, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は４年前からこの仕事を手がけています。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は４{年|ねん}{前|まえ}からこの{仕事|しごと}を{手|て}がけています。", "en": "I started doing this work 4 years ago.", "tatoeba_id": 161937 }, { "ja": "私は別の仕事を手掛けている。", "en": "I have other matters on hand.", "tatoeba_id": 152910 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e5a259a803621981c76b47dbfef557dcf7e517db95128778171554631ddc0c8e", "meanings": [ "着手", "经营" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は４年前からこの仕事を手がけています。", "zh": "我从四年前开始做这项工作。" }, { "ja": "私は別の仕事を手掛けている。", "zh": "我正在做另一项工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/608257c42c", "JMdict ent_seq 1327390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "525ac9393747a877076f227636b503dcce7df46aa786dd8286c60e832e4f4122" } }, { "id": "3551552ed7", "word": "手軽", "reading": "てがる", "romaji": "tegaru", "meanings": [ "easy", "simple", "informal", "offhand", "cheap" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1327530, "examples": [ { "ja": "年来の経済病には手軽にきく万能薬などありません。", "en": "There is no easy cure-all for old economic ills.", "tatoeba_id": 121786 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ccf5a4cb67b16d4d1b019a3b6b6015a48d5556ac3eb4e8790a02b2ac0377731b", "meanings": [ "简便" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "年来の経済病には手軽にきく万能薬などありません。", "zh": "对于多年的经济顽疾，没有简单有效的万能药。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3551552ed7", "JMdict ent_seq 1327530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "77e58b38e24eb7f54ece46c6d2f481dbc17327494ff1f3a44825bfcb7c47b918" } }, { "id": "a50ce976f1", "word": "的", "reading": "てき", "romaji": "teki", "meanings": [ "-like", "typical" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1437260, "examples": [ { "ja": "その女性は非常に協力的である。", "en": "The women are very supportive.", "tatoeba_id": 209335 }, { "ja": "食物繊維はダイエットに効果的だ。", "en": "Dietary fibre is good for losing weight.", "tatoeba_id": 75997 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c073a6aab7f1fb59bcb00c123c5f4d2e198fcd21a4e1411aced7dc80db9b081f", "meanings": [ "……的", "具有……性质" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その女性は非常に協力的である。", "zh": "那位女士非常配合。" }, { "ja": "食物繊維はダイエットに効果的だ。", "zh": "膳食纤维对减肥有效。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a50ce976f1", "JMdict ent_seq 1437260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0cf33bab71889e45f52b96750ace5439f83b32ad9c8b1cce4e820f5d75ce7611" } }, { "id": "a188a8c649", "word": "適応", "reading": "てきおう", "romaji": "tekiou", "meanings": [ "adaptation", "accommodation", "conformity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1437350, "examples": [ { "ja": "子どもは新しい学校にすぐ適応した。", "en": "The child quickly adapted to the new school." }, { "ja": "彼女はいつも新しい環境に適応した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はいつも{新|あたら}しい{環境|かんきょう}に{適応|てきおう}した。", "en": "She always adapted to new circumstances.", "tatoeba_id": 93254 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "dfb58aa0649cb4359333e223136bca6a83803c15df46a7f818d1f930d589eb80", "meanings": [ "适应" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "子どもは新しい学校にすぐ適応した。", "zh": "孩子很快适应了新学校。" }, { "ja": "彼女はいつも新しい環境に適応した。", "zh": "她总是适应新的环境。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a188a8c649", "JMdict ent_seq 1437350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "51b98b45cf9392577d53e9b22cabef922e2b777447c6373a04c504c305bd380d" } }, { "id": "3d2ff7e701", "word": "適宜", "reading": "てきぎ", "romaji": "tekigi", "meanings": [ "suitability" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1437380, "examples": [ { "ja": "適宜休憩を取ってください。", "en": "Please take breaks as appropriate." }, { "ja": "状況に応じて適宜調整する。", "en": "Adjust appropriately to the situation." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4787c1aee330c2b84499086c565db8a3f3cad846c6ad8f26fec9a70ee47ce329", "meanings": [ "适当", "酌情" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "適宜休憩を取ってください。", "zh": "请酌情休息。" }, { "ja": "状況に応じて適宜調整する。", "zh": "按照情况适当调整。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3d2ff7e701", "JMdict ent_seq 1437380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8d2190dd10c3e13284a0809a06f91c235f5c20e6898e994ae25b51c6950a4e48" } }, { "id": "e0b835d42a", "word": "適性", "reading": "てきせい", "romaji": "tekisei", "meanings": [ "aptitude" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1437410, "examples": [ { "ja": "天才とは忍耐に堪え得る偉大な適性に外ならぬ。", "en": "Genius is nothing but a great aptitude for patience.", "tatoeba_id": 125034 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9f037e02dcfe22746e970c02534c7fc1f904e81d6e91b47d4a9542fabb2de4aa", "meanings": [ "适性", "才能" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "天才とは忍耐に堪え得る偉大な適性に外ならぬ。", "zh": "所谓天才，无非是有极大的耐心。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e0b835d42a", "JMdict ent_seq 1437410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6f25fafbf356f42f51dbffe6d8f43f93702de07b7b9037c0006e28292f58fe07" } }, { "id": "d43a9fda61", "word": "出来物", "reading": "できもの", "romaji": "dekimono", "meanings": [ "able man", "tumour", "growth", "boil", "ulcer", "abcess", "rash", "pimple" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1580150, "examples": [ { "ja": "手にできものができた。", "en": "A lump appeared on my hand." }, { "ja": "医師は皮膚のできものを調べた。", "en": "The doctor examined the skin growth." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fdc37854641adfcd123c512548832ea336dbe0982410c9a7ede7468723586eb3", "meanings": [ "肿块", "疮" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "手にできものができた。", "zh": "手上长了个疙瘩。" }, { "ja": "医師は皮膚のできものを調べた。", "zh": "医生检查了皮肤上的肿块。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d43a9fda61", "JMdict ent_seq 1580150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2d0baa77a55e53a463c992bd2fca9f16ee20b13cb416962e6db9dffc5698ea03" } }, { "id": "be922b216d", "word": "出切る", "reading": "できる", "romaji": "dekiru", "meanings": [ "to be out of", "to have no more at hand" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1339500, "examples": [ { "ja": "商品がすべて出切った。", "en": "All the goods have been sold." }, { "ja": "車はもう全部出切った。", "en": "All the vehicles have already left." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a671615dd5c3b2ccbd32ec62ff6cc70fb73290a54abf8f15beb75a5c43e717bb", "meanings": [ "出尽", "卖完" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "商品がすべて出切った。", "zh": "所有商品都已售出。" }, { "ja": "車はもう全部出切った。", "zh": "车已经全开出去了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/be922b216d", "JMdict ent_seq 1339500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ff8a4be85f89a75fbfcfa0c3bc6341f6878c05b1481682c3f152d9d1ee55a0cf" } }, { "id": "6a2c9761cf", "word": "手際", "reading": "てぎわ", "romaji": "tegiwa", "meanings": [ "performance", "skill", "tact" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1327690, "examples": [ { "ja": "恵子が手際よく食器を重ねて、シンクへ運んでゆく。", "en": "Keiko deftly piles up the cutlery and takes them to the sink.", "tatoeba_id": 76211 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "753bb0df2182af3680b456eefde24bdde9ed21f4bb5da2973f398da874afcffe", "meanings": [ "手法", "技巧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "恵子が手際よく食器を重ねて、シンクへ運んでゆく。", "zh": "惠子熟练地叠好餐具，搬到水槽边。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6a2c9761cf", "JMdict ent_seq 1327690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5b4b168db361361fc326e3a0ad4e6fb67faea2f370b3f04ba4abd38bc2d85d1f" } }, { "id": "b3e5a1f6cc", "word": "出くわす", "reading": "でくわす", "romaji": "dekuwasu", "meanings": [ "to happen to meet", "to come across" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1337950, "examples": [ { "ja": "我々はニューヨークで彼らに出くわした。", "furigana": "{我々|われわれ}はニューヨークで{彼|かれ}らに{出|で}くわした。", "en": "We came upon them in New York.", "tatoeba_id": 186006 }, { "ja": "私は彼女に町で偶然出くわした。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{彼女|かのじょ}に{町|まち}で{偶然|ぐうぜん}{出|で}くわした。", "en": "I ran into her in the street.", "tatoeba_id": 153338 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c13baf94e36ac72b674bbcb23ec640bdfd5a93676d5db68c4aa3456adf66ae2c", "meanings": [ "碰见" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "我々はニューヨークで彼らに出くわした。", "zh": "我们在纽约遇到了他们。" }, { "ja": "私は彼女に町で偶然出くわした。", "zh": "我在城里偶然遇到她。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b3e5a1f6cc", "JMdict ent_seq 1337950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2a395838dedfd641e71ffe72ee3f4fd1f67f85f76436f83dcf0081ba12f1067c" } }, { "id": "6f8843433d", "word": "デコレーション", "reading": "デコレーション", "romaji": "dekoreeshon", "meanings": [ "decoration" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1082810, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はケーキをデコレーションした。", "en": "She decorated the cake." }, { "ja": "会場のデコレーションがきれいだ。", "en": "The decorations at the venue are beautiful." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4f139dd2e2747c8fe83b09ddaa5de5d30b870c730e71d4da7d367e6e30e59752", "meanings": [ "装饰" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はケーキをデコレーションした。", "zh": "她装饰了蛋糕。" }, { "ja": "会場のデコレーションがきれいだ。", "zh": "会场的装饰很漂亮。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6f8843433d", "JMdict ent_seq 1082810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e70eed3f64866f547f9b7abd845387ab66716f7c78efc5747892b6ffb8236f6f" } }, { "id": "dd601f9a30", "word": "デザート", "reading": "デザート", "romaji": "dezaato", "meanings": [ "dessert" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1082850, "examples": [ { "ja": "食後にデザートを食べる。", "en": "We eat dessert after the meal." }, { "ja": "今日のデザートはプリンです。", "en": "Today’s dessert is custard pudding." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "48d0b6b7cdeb1ed5d42b1191812f86905cc803204cdb27bd86c310a7f5b53c7f", "meanings": [ "甜点" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "食後にデザートを食べる。", "zh": "饭后吃甜点。" }, { "ja": "今日のデザートはプリンです。", "zh": "今天的甜点是布丁。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dd601f9a30", "JMdict ent_seq 1082850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e2707c66eb1a8dd47c99b1ccad2a12d868120b4e0b22d5c20c654dea9177afbe" } }, { "id": "221e4e0f2e", "word": "デザイン", "reading": "デザイン", "romaji": "dezain", "meanings": [ "design" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1082900, "examples": [ { "ja": "その服は新しくデザインされたものだ。", "furigana": "その{服|ふく}は{新|あたら}しくデザインされたものだ。", "en": "The dress is newly designed.", "tatoeba_id": 206919 }, { "ja": "バナーと同じ、白を基調としたデザイン。", "furigana": "バナーと{同|おな}じ、{白|しろ}を{基調|きちょう}としたデザイン。", "en": "Like the banner, the design was based around the colour white.", "tatoeba_id": 75349 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a7ffa9c5e9620aa6568762b008735692d6da993e22f1de41abdbc333619a0948", "meanings": [ "设计" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その服は新しくデザインされたものだ。", "zh": "那件衣服是新设计的。" }, { "ja": "バナーと同じ、白を基調としたデザイン。", "zh": "和横幅一样，是以白色为基调的设计。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/221e4e0f2e", "JMdict ent_seq 1082900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f71ab84cd7aec8e207b951f1915446a097405662ad414ac2c99cfc661302cb62" } }, { "id": "e6a3f2b972", "word": "手順", "reading": "てじゅん", "romaji": "tejun", "meanings": [ "process", "procedure", "protocol" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1327810, "examples": [ { "ja": "弁護士は行動の手順を決定した。", "furigana": "{弁護士|べんごし}は{行動|こうどう}の{手順|てじゅん}を{決定|けってい}した。", "en": "The lawyer determined his course of action.", "tatoeba_id": 83267 }, { "ja": "この新しい手順をとれば、時間の節約になるでしょう。", "furigana": "この{新|あたら}しい{手順|てじゅん}をとれば、{時間|じかん}の{節約|せつやく}になるでしょう。", "en": "You will save time if you adopt this new procedure.", "tatoeba_id": 221038 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b9c3090ff8c4823d0d2161cb05f4026e24022b3a59928340403e70ecaa0ddce4", "meanings": [ "步骤" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "弁護士は行動の手順を決定した。", "zh": "律师确定了行动步骤。" }, { "ja": "この新しい手順をとれば、時間の節約になるでしょう。", "zh": "采用这个新程序可以节省时间。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e6a3f2b972", "JMdict ent_seq 1327810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c549c6642e0e2405522db191365b14cef78e597acb11082cfb3a06a8e89709d9" } }, { "id": "69b1fa0cc4", "word": "手錠", "reading": "てじょう", "romaji": "tejou", "meanings": [ "handcuffs", "manacles" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1327900, "examples": [ { "ja": "抗議することもできないうちに、僕は手錠をかけられ、留置場に送られていた。", "furigana": "{抗議|こうぎ}することもできないうちに、{僕|ぼく}は{手錠|てじょう}をかけられ、{留置場|りゅうちじょう}に{送|おく}られていた。", "en": "Before I could protest, I was handcuffed and was on my way to prison.", "tatoeba_id": 173596 }, { "ja": "私は彼に手錠をかけた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{彼|かれ}に{手錠|てじょう}をかけた。", "en": "I put handcuffs on him.", "tatoeba_id": 154116 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "932ff771aad2d9f373eb7c11da05725b1ed84466d60240d07dc3caf457aec52b", "meanings": [ "手铐" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "抗議することもできないうちに、僕は手錠をかけられ、留置場に送られていた。", "zh": "还没来得及抗议，我就被戴上手铐送进了拘留所。" }, { "ja": "私は彼に手錠をかけた。", "zh": "我给他戴上了手铐。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/69b1fa0cc4", "JMdict ent_seq 1327900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "72599a49211ae00687519467e36d803795d09b8cf00f9b5c05332cb52f4c60ce" } }, { "id": "37cffd52d1", "word": "手数", "reading": "てすう", "romaji": "tesuu", "meanings": [ "number of moves", "trouble" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1327970, "other_readings": [ "てかず" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "お手数かけてどうもすいません。", "furigana": "お{手数|てすう}かけてどうもすいません。", "en": "I'm sorry to bother you.", "tatoeba_id": 227068 }, { "ja": "いろいろお手数をかけて申し訳ない。", "furigana": "いろいろお{手数|てすう}をかけて{申|もう}し{訳|わけ}ない。", "en": "I'm sorry to give you all this trouble.", "tatoeba_id": 228451 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c5c76cf48956595535a14b1c4ae8c8cd3edb0080b2cd72625d28f7ad09ec54ea", "meanings": [ "麻烦", "步骤" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "お手数かけてどうもすいません。", "zh": "给您添麻烦，实在抱歉。" }, { "ja": "いろいろお手数をかけて申し訳ない。", "zh": "给您添了这么多麻烦，真对不起。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/37cffd52d1", "JMdict ent_seq 1327970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5ff39453c17d4804fbcc7c6fc06960f7e0354adb7b38109af885348509b1de23" } }, { "id": "74d5bfd2bf", "word": "手近", "reading": "てぢか", "romaji": "tejika", "meanings": [ "near", "handy", "familiar" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1327490, "examples": [ { "ja": "いつも手近に辞書を持っていなさい。", "en": "Always have your dictionary near at hand.", "tatoeba_id": 228715 }, { "ja": "この辞書は、いつも手の届くとこに置いときなさい。", "en": "Always keep this dictionary handy.", "tatoeba_id": 9809003 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "14d49588624e0abc4210750c541fce594499d0fafb13560191c054936e43fdb5", "meanings": [ "手边", "附近" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "いつも手近に辞書を持っていなさい。", "zh": "要随时把词典放在手边。" }, { "ja": "この辞書は、いつも手の届くとこに置いときなさい。", "zh": "把词典放在随手可及的地方。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/74d5bfd2bf", "JMdict ent_seq 1327490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e4cb5d1bd83101d057c721999028270ee2ab6c41924cea94fc962d491d141957" } }, { "id": "0b8c036a0e", "word": "てっきり", "reading": "てっきり", "romaji": "tekkiri", "meanings": [ "surely", "certainly", "beyond doubt" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1008290, "examples": [ { "ja": "てっきりあなたが我々といっしょに来られるものと思っていました。", "furigana": "てっきりあなたが{我々|われわれ}といっしょに{来|こ}られるものと{思|おも}っていました。", "en": "I took it for granted that you would come with us.", "tatoeba_id": 202233 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "41e213d65a5d044102743cb2b50f256546a7781688db694b1e51f33c4353be25", "meanings": [ "一定", "本以为" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "てっきりあなたが我々といっしょに来られるものと思っていました。", "zh": "我本以为你一定能和我们一起去。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0b8c036a0e", "JMdict ent_seq 1008290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "dc10776e49c87a781252e11fa7b17cb16e174c2567ec2f00d69cb50ea732b283" } }, { "id": "b1491faa86", "word": "鉄鋼", "reading": "てっこう", "romaji": "tekkou", "meanings": [ "iron and steel" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1437880, "examples": [ { "ja": "鉄鋼は基幹産業である。", "furigana": "{鉄鋼|てっこう}は{基幹産業|きかんさんぎょう}である。", "en": "Steel is a key industry.", "tatoeba_id": 125236 }, { "ja": "鉄鋼の特性の１つは硬いことだ。", "furigana": "{鉄鋼|てっこう}の{特性|とくせい}の１つは{硬|かた}いことだ。", "en": "One of the qualities of steel is hardness.", "tatoeba_id": 125237 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "074e9181f8ca1fb88f136be7d93a64f4cdda5f8094dec202e8273f242c070a95", "meanings": [ "钢铁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "鉄鋼は基幹産業である。", "zh": "钢铁是基础产业。" }, { "ja": "鉄鋼の特性の１つは硬いことだ。", "zh": "钢铁的特性之一是坚硬。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b1491faa86", "JMdict ent_seq 1437880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "eb709eeca9885f55a8584fc54d4884f41f5281b1fc9742c8432ef94ddcccd902" } }, { "id": "20886c9138", "word": "デッサン", "reading": "デッサン", "romaji": "dessan", "meanings": [ "rough sketch (fr: dessin)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1083290, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはその少年のデッサンのすばらしさに驚嘆した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちはその{少年|しょうねん}のデッサンのすばらしさに{驚嘆|きょうたん}した。", "en": "We were amazed at the excellence of the boy's drawings.", "tatoeba_id": 166379 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6eac914df826c50519cf1bee14decf516848bb2c76c76d2a662e784ff4a472e6", "meanings": [ "素描" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはその少年のデッサンのすばらしさに驚嘆した。", "zh": "我们惊叹于那个男孩素描的精妙。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/20886c9138", "JMdict ent_seq 1083290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "06c9237c3ecdac4a506daff2186f25355a9d26b5a1f4b02154579adfd21d5941" } }, { "id": "5975722676", "word": "徹する", "reading": "てっする", "romaji": "tessuru", "meanings": [ "to sink in", "to penetrate", "to devote oneself", "to believe in", "to go through" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vs-s", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1598340, "examples": [ { "ja": "夜を徹するか否か。", "furigana": "{夜|よる}を{徹|てっ}するか{否|いな}か。", "en": "Should I stay up all night or not?", "tatoeba_id": 74433 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "58532f0af70eb14d7359275aa21be9623eb05295f49b93c53fa498faf114444e", "meanings": [ "贯彻", "通宵" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "夜を徹するか否か。", "zh": "是否要熬通宵？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5975722676", "JMdict ent_seq 1598340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "70a6ef0c36422f7611d0e47118a2c9393fdae6858fab92e868d94ced7efa68b9" } }, { "id": "c710a69f99", "word": "鉄片", "reading": "てっぺん", "romaji": "teppen", "meanings": [ "iron scraps" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1779480, "examples": [ { "ja": "線路の上に鉄片があったために列車は脱線した。", "furigana": "{線路|せんろ}の{上|うえ}に{鉄片|てっぺん}があったために{列車|れっしゃ}は{脱線|だっせん}した。", "en": "The train was derailed by a piece of iron on the track.", "tatoeba_id": 141188 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4cb01c282b68cccc0242ff346126fb8795480deac10efd2fbb62f2540b5d75a5", "meanings": [ "铁片" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "線路の上に鉄片があったために列車は脱線した。", "zh": "因为轨道上有铁片，列车脱轨了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c710a69f99", "JMdict ent_seq 1779480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "31d758cc2959e5b99bc277d4efe2ba84e216cd4d09aa8294105f4ed58d1d4f11" } }, { "id": "c3e581afc7", "word": "鉄棒", "reading": "てつぼう", "romaji": "tetsubou", "meanings": [ "iron rod", "crowbar", "horizontal bar (gymnastics)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1438030, "examples": [ { "ja": "体操競技の中では、鉄棒の大車輪が好きです。", "furigana": "{体操競技|たいそうきょうぎ}の{中|なか}では、{鉄棒|てつぼう}の{大車輪|だいしゃりん}が{好|す}きです。", "en": "I like to see a gymnast do the giant swing on the high bar.", "tatoeba_id": 237373 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "18d236c76b4a6a1f1e3a18f7a34e2f905d8d70778e95c703928812376b383df1", "meanings": [ "铁棒", "单杠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "体操競技の中では、鉄棒の大車輪が好きです。", "zh": "体操项目中，我喜欢单杠大回环。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c3e581afc7", "JMdict ent_seq 1438030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "804f3f4cf0add52238c4b209dfafc36059ac57eabdd3fb99245a58903f83f2a2" } }, { "id": "e1ea2bb61d", "word": "出直し", "reading": "でなおし", "romaji": "denaoshi", "meanings": [ "adjustment", "touch up" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1339740, "examples": [ { "ja": "出直しましょう。", "en": "Let's make a fresh start.", "tatoeba_id": 10301675 }, { "ja": "あす出直します。", "en": "I'll be back tomorrow.", "tatoeba_id": 10911424 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b90946941a9a6869bc02f2b3fb8b5ab3eea198c66c39711c1be22dfc6b9260fe", "meanings": [ "重新开始", "改日再来" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "出直しましょう。", "zh": "重新来过吧。" }, { "ja": "あす出直します。", "zh": "我明天再来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e1ea2bb61d", "JMdict ent_seq 1339740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "eb30b95970f2c5a4c7249db47ac1b07f2069cabc89d898cc5c4ce79acd733e02" } }, { "id": "8d4d7b12ab", "word": "掌", "reading": "てのひら", "romaji": "tenohira", "meanings": [ "the palm" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1580300, "other_readings": [ "たなごころ" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の手のひらに硬貨を置く。", "en": "Place a coin in the palm of his hand.", "tatoeba_id": 117046 }, { "ja": "彼は手のひらで一撃を与えた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{手|て}のひらで{一撃|いちげき}を{与|あた}えた。", "en": "He gave a blow with the flat of his hand.", "tatoeba_id": 104495 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "344ec7816d614625b453cb696126c74568b2907ce4153d99f6328fa73ba77b01", "meanings": [ "手掌" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の手のひらに硬貨を置く。", "zh": "把硬币放在他的手掌上。" }, { "ja": "彼は手のひらで一撃を与えた。", "zh": "他用手掌打了一下。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8d4d7b12ab", "JMdict ent_seq 1580300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "280d54449bbe183e15ac5b5effa4b61dfb8bfa7e0ecabd895d2955c18fde2846" } }, { "id": "a4eceaa662", "word": "手配", "reading": "てはい", "romaji": "tehai", "meanings": [ "arrangement", "search (by police)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1328260, "examples": [ { "ja": "何とか手配してあげましょう。", "furigana": "{何|なん}とか{手配|てはい}してあげましょう。", "en": "Let's try to arrange something.", "tatoeba_id": 187781 }, { "ja": "ご手配ありがとうございます。", "furigana": "ご{手配|てはい}ありがとうございます。", "en": "Thank you for making the arrangements.", "tatoeba_id": 217136 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "74bc6282ac9faac91f58fd73143f41bac32b0d556c181b8869fd90263a347024", "meanings": [ "安排", "通缉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "何とか手配してあげましょう。", "zh": "我会想办法安排的。" }, { "ja": "ご手配ありがとうございます。", "zh": "感谢您的安排。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a4eceaa662", "JMdict ent_seq 1328260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9a006fe0f2f8c9268aefd3dde6c87339243c1ba176bb4543c49468d89504eccd" } }, { "id": "a98d722351", "word": "手筈", "reading": "てはず", "romaji": "tehazu", "meanings": [ "arrangement", "plan", "programme" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1328290, "examples": [ { "ja": "夏の旅行の手はずはついていると父はほのめかした。", "en": "My father implied our summer trip was arranged.", "tatoeba_id": 187214 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f69c224e855048f13db81e01171991ffac03165a82f298e530bc3841ada0b0e5", "meanings": [ "安排", "计划" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "夏の旅行の手はずはついていると父はほのめかした。", "zh": "父亲暗示夏季旅行的安排已经就绪。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a98d722351", "JMdict ent_seq 1328290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6bb54a669b460b256bcfdb59b58f69cd8d8abe7f0cf2b7b0a7b0655ead881c5b" } }, { "id": "dfce23b181", "word": "手引き", "reading": "てびき", "romaji": "tebiki", "meanings": [ "guidance", "guide", "introduction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1598410, "examples": [ { "ja": "使用の手引きを読んでください。", "en": "Please read the user guide." }, { "ja": "彼は新人の手引きをした。", "en": "He guided the new employee." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "af68dd34919565bddfb859c507cf764d954fd17ca5be65d00dbde45dbd6ec394", "meanings": [ "指南", "指导" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "使用の手引きを読んでください。", "zh": "请阅读使用指南。" }, { "ja": "彼は新人の手引きをした。", "zh": "他指导了新员工。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dfce23b181", "JMdict ent_seq 1598410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6ec6d0b7f2768c83a25f0505f68e5d763c86d894c3dda44ac791a52245901a2b" } }, { "id": "1149c0fbcc", "word": "手本", "reading": "てほん", "romaji": "tehon", "meanings": [ "model", "pattern" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1328390, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の行儀をお手本にしなさい。", "en": "Model your manners on his.", "tatoeba_id": 117387 }, { "ja": "この本は初心者にとって良い手本となる。", "furigana": "この{本|ほん}は{初心者|しょしんしゃ}にとって{良|よ}い{手本|てほん}となる。", "en": "This book is a good guide for beginners.", "tatoeba_id": 219598 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c3f0804d8babb7b30d6fbfaae85b28cc8093ff7f395963ddcaafe376e9017779", "meanings": [ "榜样", "范本" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の行儀をお手本にしなさい。", "zh": "要以他的行为为榜样。" }, { "ja": "この本は初心者にとって良い手本となる。", "zh": "这本书是初学者的好范本。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1149c0fbcc", "JMdict ent_seq 1328390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c1693d402e1f1c7baf017dc86f50771ca35b9169b3fd678a5d7d9111da4bcc29" } }, { "id": "384a40ef0e", "word": "手回し", "reading": "てまわし", "romaji": "temawashi", "meanings": [ "preparations", "arrangements" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1327380, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは事前に手回しをした。", "en": "We made arrangements in advance." }, { "ja": "この装置は手回しで動く。", "en": "This device is operated by hand." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6a23df543bf2d075166cd97325ee6515253931429433259448d870a4d2efc7a1", "meanings": [ "准备", "手摇" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは事前に手回しをした。", "zh": "我们事先做好了安排。" }, { "ja": "この装置は手回しで動く。", "zh": "这个装置用手摇操作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/384a40ef0e", "JMdict ent_seq 1327380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7a26bf88b1fe8f62d26c5b99fa16a6f41fc6372782e15cf346a317a04e62e009" } }, { "id": "4ac77d3574", "word": "手元", "reading": "てもと", "romaji": "temoto", "meanings": [ "on hand", "at hand", "at home" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1327560, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はいつも辞典を３冊手元に置いています。", "en": "I always keep three dictionaries at hand.", "tatoeba_id": 161379 }, { "ja": "よい辞書を手元に置いておきなさい。", "furigana": "よい{辞書|じしょ}を{手元|てもと}に{置|お}いておきなさい。", "en": "Keep a good dictionary at hand.", "tatoeba_id": 192906 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4f62bd3c648470766694df7f4dca47fc5dcf1c60afd0c34bb0ecaded9248bdec", "meanings": [ "手边" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はいつも辞典を３冊手元に置いています。", "zh": "我总是在手边放三本词典。" }, { "ja": "よい辞書を手元に置いておきなさい。", "zh": "把一本好词典放在手边。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4ac77d3574", "JMdict ent_seq 1327560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "df3a056102803715317f46a583dc8e0d08d8f293ddbf0048b490cd9abc2c7957" } }, { "id": "74326edf30", "word": "デモンストレーション", "reading": "デモンストレーション", "romaji": "demonsutoreeshon", "meanings": [ "demonstration" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1084080, "examples": [ { "ja": "７地区で新製品のデモンストレーションを行い、成功しました。", "furigana": "７{地区|ちく}で{新製品|しんせいひん}のデモンストレーションを{行|おこな}い、{成功|せいこう}しました。", "en": "Successfully demonstrated a new product in 7 districts.", "tatoeba_id": 234961 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a2f4fd1f4cd2c00eaf93d13c6f55cadec22ffa50901bed411a79241e5a2209a7", "meanings": [ "示范", "游行" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "７地区で新製品のデモンストレーションを行い、成功しました。", "zh": "我们在七个地区进行新产品演示，并获得成功。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/74326edf30", "JMdict ent_seq 1084080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6a022dd383c818584e833e56915c7b92308064a954431e6227af118956971b03" } }, { "id": "91bce7894c", "word": "照り返す", "reading": "てりかえす", "romaji": "terikaesu", "meanings": [ "to reflect", "to throw back light" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1350850, "examples": [ { "ja": "太陽の照り返しが強い。", "furigana": "{太陽|たいよう}の{照|て}り{返|かえ}しが{強|つよ}い。", "en": "There's a lot of glare.", "tatoeba_id": 138131 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1f442d2c55219bff8d94276ba994b78075e61f3ac51f2e9b942a6d634555deb6", "meanings": [ "反射", "反照" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "太陽の照り返しが強い。", "zh": "太阳反射的光很强。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/91bce7894c", "JMdict ent_seq 1350850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fdfb058b8ffde05de7c671490c02d12d597ef20af3886e233b7d175c25ef4231" } }, { "id": "fca7216c97", "word": "テレックス", "reading": "テレックス", "romaji": "terekkusu", "meanings": [ "telex", "teletypewriter exchange" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1080460, "examples": [ { "ja": "テレックスでご返事ください。", "furigana": "テレックスでご{返事|へんじ}ください。", "en": "Please answer by telex.", "tatoeba_id": 202064 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "dfd02fafe5a60191251bae97d0d169cc6bc5bc1b5c671633d312c5a9fee02b21", "meanings": [ "电传" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "テレックスでご返事ください。", "zh": "请通过电传回复。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fca7216c97", "JMdict ent_seq 1080460; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3fc34e00faa00484582ef1bcb2bce6ea8f0f11094bea44c062cc917d0ba4040a" } }, { "id": "3efeebae61", "word": "手分け", "reading": "てわけ", "romaji": "tewake", "meanings": [ "division of labour" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1328340, "examples": [ { "ja": "医学生が手分けして勉強することはまれである。", "furigana": "{医学生|いがくせい}が{手分|てわ}けして{勉強|べんきょう}することはまれである。", "en": "Shared studying among premeds is rare.", "tatoeba_id": 190954 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5488989ea0037436d56c75a9501cdc10b7f61e509719d73c300c5d34ee9c7001", "meanings": [ "分工" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "医学生が手分けして勉強することはまれである。", "zh": "医学生分工学习的情况很少。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3efeebae61", "JMdict ent_seq 1328340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "60000938fbcfdee39bda3cc04dd570af58ffe39e526cd533b07f6656fd30a44c" } }, { "id": "1941689b4f", "word": "店", "reading": "てん", "romaji": "ten", "meanings": [ "store", "shop", "establishment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1582125, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はこのペンを近所の文房具店で買った。", "en": "I bought this pen at the stationer's around the corner.", "tatoeba_id": 160981 }, { "ja": "ホテルの中に土産品店はありますか？", "en": "Is there a souvenir shop in the hotel?", "tatoeba_id": 196194 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "32c57ea6c9a6a5187328e5b9624ec43fc7eb1e4cf080c316caa941ef6181f848", "meanings": [ "店" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はこのペンを近所の文房具店で買った。", "zh": "我在附近的文具店买了这支笔。" }, { "ja": "ホテルの中に土産品店はありますか？", "zh": "酒店里有纪念品店吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1941689b4f", "JMdict ent_seq 1582125; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "66b4ac03ab493164a76d7b5dcc72e86aff7ac2fce0a1301098fe0b87579af2ca" } }, { "id": "6ff25789fe", "word": "田園", "reading": "でんえん", "romaji": "den'en", "meanings": [ "country", "rural districts" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1442740, "examples": [ { "ja": "都市化が田園生活をどんどん侵食しています。", "en": "Urbanization is encroaching on rural life.", "tatoeba_id": 124536 }, { "ja": "田園を歩くのは楽しいと思った。", "furigana": "{田園|でんえん}を{歩|ある}くのは{楽|たの}しいと{思|おも}った。", "en": "I found it pleasant walking in the country.", "tatoeba_id": 124919 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a0caf715adb746320c6fc7eec0a10ccef857c7cb51ce7cd9241516d511b21339", "meanings": [ "田园", "乡村" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "都市化が田園生活をどんどん侵食しています。", "zh": "城市化不断侵蚀田园生活。" }, { "ja": "田園を歩くのは楽しいと思った。", "zh": "我觉得在乡间散步很愉快。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6ff25789fe", "JMdict ent_seq 1442740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ebc75d909e47ae7f33c2aa61254f7d3befa2880e695087f8585df1a8ecd5d264" } }, { "id": "dea89b7d91", "word": "点火", "reading": "てんか", "romaji": "tenka", "meanings": [ "ignition", "lighting", "set fire to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1441440, "examples": [ { "ja": "2021年、大坂なおみ選手は東京2020オリンピックの聖火台に点火しました。", "en": "Naomi Osaka lit the Olympic flame for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics in 2021.", "tatoeba_id": 10191721 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7aeac122caf21de2a9cf39c21fdca39e91f9ec739b2307c409e6a258e3dafc42", "meanings": [ "点火" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "2021年、大坂なおみ選手は東京2020オリンピックの聖火台に点火しました。", "zh": "2021年，大坂直美为东京2020奥运会的圣火台点火。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dea89b7d91", "JMdict ent_seq 1441440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3b1786721026b050e20ec1bed2751bd5cb2bc81c6fdbec12dd9a4b84528372d9" } }, { "id": "5b19240e41", "word": "転回", "reading": "てんかい", "romaji": "tenkai", "meanings": [ "revolution", "rotation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1441070, "examples": [ { "ja": "車は交差点で転回した。", "en": "The car turned at the intersection." }, { "ja": "装置がゆっくり転回する。", "en": "The device rotates slowly." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "31cc774f29731bf630f8fda262a904833ffa1a39c9f90ba1f6cb12791e1e6ecf", "meanings": [ "旋转", "转弯" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "車は交差点で転回した。", "zh": "汽车在路口转弯。" }, { "ja": "装置がゆっくり転回する。", "zh": "这个装置缓缓旋转。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5b19240e41", "JMdict ent_seq 1441070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "80fca05187148f9d8319e6a66f04be257b3a7372e75ba786984240816412a33f" } }, { "id": "10919d474c", "word": "転換", "reading": "てんかん", "romaji": "tenkan", "meanings": [ "convert", "divert" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1441080, "examples": [ { "ja": "工場は石炭から、より清潔な燃料への転換を強く要求されている。", "en": "Factories have been urged to switch from coal to a cleaner fuel.", "tatoeba_id": 173721 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b80d52418a176795c403b30dc4fe4aa06e52c80c1872097c86a9c5dbbc2bc9fd", "meanings": [ "转换" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "工場は石炭から、より清潔な燃料への転換を強く要求されている。", "zh": "工厂被强烈要求从煤炭转向更清洁的燃料。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/10919d474c", "JMdict ent_seq 1441080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "773ceb2d30ae5df96fa7d7bec9feef04a9618ab942cfa8c87448739738ab4f78" } }, { "id": "f3edf4d6f4", "word": "転居", "reading": "てんきょ", "romaji": "tenkyo", "meanings": [ "moving", "changing residence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1441100, "examples": [ { "ja": "ご両親は転居されたんですか？", "en": "Are your parents relocating?", "tatoeba_id": 8826484 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ecf8f61db4742e482a732c4e079db33fb9b5f5f377a92b0ed08aee7b94e097ca", "meanings": [ "搬家" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ご両親は転居されたんですか？", "zh": "您父母搬家了吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f3edf4d6f4", "JMdict ent_seq 1441100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3edb5fe84940253e6b8111406e84c72f28136d8e8d79eed538a3adaaf00175ae" } }, { "id": "f9c618271f", "word": "転勤", "reading": "てんきん", "romaji": "tenkin", "meanings": [ "transfer", "transmission" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1441120, "examples": [ { "ja": "ニュージーランドへ転勤になります。", "furigana": "ニュージーランドへ{転勤|てんきん}になります。", "en": "She will be relocated to New Zealand.", "tatoeba_id": 198763 }, { "ja": "会社は彼の転勤願いを却下した。", "furigana": "{会社|かいしゃ}は{彼|かれ}の{転勤|てんきん}{願|ねが}いを{却下|きゃっか}した。", "en": "The company rejected his request for a transfer.", "tatoeba_id": 185236 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "667f59a2416c196e516d2d0bc2abadc01898acc589c02b9f92c413482b77bb26", "meanings": [ "调职" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ニュージーランドへ転勤になります。", "zh": "我要调到新西兰工作。" }, { "ja": "会社は彼の転勤願いを却下した。", "zh": "公司驳回了他的调职申请。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f9c618271f", "JMdict ent_seq 1441120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e59d194d9fdb00590545d4ae0d9ddf0d36515c4217737708c0bea002d64ab3c0" } }, { "id": "3893318870", "word": "点検", "reading": "てんけん", "romaji": "tenken", "meanings": [ "inspection", "examination", "checking" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1441540, "examples": [ { "ja": "緩い結び目をすべて点検してしっかりしめなさい。", "furigana": "{緩|ゆる}い{結|むす}び{目|め}をすべて{点検|てんけん}してしっかりしめなさい。", "en": "Check all the loose knots and fasten them tight.", "tatoeba_id": 183827 }, { "ja": "彼は課長に書類を点検させられた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{課長|かちょう}に{書類|しょるい}を{点検|てんけん}させられた。", "en": "He was made to check his papers by the chief.", "tatoeba_id": 109180 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "56a44891c26496414f46a4461d99de31e4798760487a834ad50ccaeec658bb4a", "meanings": [ "检查" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "緩い結び目をすべて点検してしっかりしめなさい。", "zh": "检查所有松动的结，重新系紧。" }, { "ja": "彼は課長に書類を点検させられた。", "zh": "他被课长要求检查文件。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3893318870", "JMdict ent_seq 1441540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e238dfd23e4585acfc266a9c0e48d7a81a67ba889a3d9c0f3e6233ff4ef1ad45" } }, { "id": "89781dc3a2", "word": "電源", "reading": "でんげん", "romaji": "dengen", "meanings": [ "source of electricity", "power (button on TV, etc.)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1443220, "examples": [ { "ja": "回路を調べる前に、電源のスイッチを切りなさい。", "furigana": "{回路|かいろ}を{調|しら}べる{前|まえ}に、{電源|でんげん}のスイッチを{切|き}りなさい。", "en": "You must switch off the power before checking the circuit.", "tatoeba_id": 185179 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3872120e366e3d76029aa00b8f7b61c6bf6ab4151ed023d4a639948c72e62eb9", "meanings": [ "电源" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "回路を調べる前に、電源のスイッチを切りなさい。", "zh": "检查电路之前，先关掉电源开关。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/89781dc3a2", "JMdict ent_seq 1443220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9f096830e50d5603eeb74ceb9b1d68d4ccd65ae62b90bcfd387f63ca8cafccef" } }, { "id": "06898872e1", "word": "転校", "reading": "てんこう", "romaji": "tenkou", "meanings": [ "change schools" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1441140, "examples": [ { "ja": "転校したそうですね。", "furigana": "{転校|てんこう}したそうですね。", "en": "You say you changed schools.", "tatoeba_id": 124956 }, { "ja": "彼は昨年転校した。", "en": "He changed schools last year.", "tatoeba_id": 106755 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "912aa3f26243bab92a78bdb1d9a459f10c9fde3d7e5ea1ced853ea11a197e945", "meanings": [ "转学" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "転校したそうですね。", "zh": "听说你转学了。" }, { "ja": "彼は昨年転校した。", "zh": "他去年转学了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/06898872e1", "JMdict ent_seq 1441140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "41cfbfb9964f885379a0ed32a32ee301bb9236c11a9e4eff1dcfc9089872a234" } }, { "id": "4548e5ac9d", "word": "天国", "reading": "てんごく", "romaji": "tengoku", "meanings": [ "paradise", "heaven", "Kingdom of Heaven" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1439080, "examples": [ { "ja": "天国で愛しあえるまで待ってるよ。", "en": "I can wait to love in heaven.", "tatoeba_id": 125037 }, { "ja": "彼のみたまが天国で安らかなることを。", "en": "May his soul rest in Heaven.", "tatoeba_id": 118227 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1185fa230c65116d4601832b0e00f6568992a8abb548c3446ed1c6ca98c1e3cf", "meanings": [ "天堂" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "天国で愛しあえるまで待ってるよ。", "zh": "我会等到我们在天堂相爱。" }, { "ja": "彼のみたまが天国で安らかなることを。", "zh": "愿他的灵魂在天堂安息。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4548e5ac9d", "JMdict ent_seq 1439080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3f7220f0d8c9258aeec811f33f455f42c4ee6d23d6c290c0418b24ca586a8f2c" } }, { "id": "99b2e77abf", "word": "伝言", "reading": "でんごん", "romaji": "dengon", "meanings": [ "message", "verbal message", "word (from someone)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1582180, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は何も伝言を頼んでいなかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{何|なに}も{伝言|でんごん}を{頼|たの}んでいなかった。", "en": "He hasn't left any message.", "tatoeba_id": 109384 }, { "ja": "私は彼に伝言するのを忘れました。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{彼|かれ}に{伝言|でんごん}するのを{忘|わす}れました。", "en": "I forgot to give him the message.", "tatoeba_id": 154075 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8de08a9aacea731ac5f03728bd59076522534a41d4f68c4ad0c1ca00c218458b", "meanings": [ "留言", "传话" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は何も伝言を頼んでいなかった。", "zh": "他没有托人带任何口信。" }, { "ja": "私は彼に伝言するのを忘れました。", "zh": "我忘记给他传话了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/99b2e77abf", "JMdict ent_seq 1582180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ab1a0db7f865d8150adb2152ed33372587e592cf4e84c5b3260bdb1a8dd2716f" } }, { "id": "12e69b9ccd", "word": "天才", "reading": "てんさい", "romaji": "tensai", "meanings": [ "genius", "prodigy", "natural gift" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1439090, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは彼を天才だと思った。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちは{彼|かれ}を{天才|てんさい}だと{思|おも}った。", "en": "We thought of him as a genius.", "tatoeba_id": 165227 }, { "ja": "彼を天才と呼んでも誇張ではない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}を{天才|てんさい}と{呼|よ}んでも{誇張|こちょう}ではない。", "en": "It is no exaggeration to call him a genius.", "tatoeba_id": 95805 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "46903bec3cfaf03b9ceaeef45c3f8267fc8847971411cdf3735a1c3d22639ecf", "meanings": [ "天才" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは彼を天才だと思った。", "zh": "我们认为他是天才。" }, { "ja": "彼を天才と呼んでも誇張ではない。", "zh": "称他为天才也不夸张。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/12e69b9ccd", "JMdict ent_seq 1439090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ef04a1250193529ceb523705868b26c95138d55e7510847b29dcd9584bead50d" } }, { "id": "36c896b63d", "word": "天災", "reading": "てんさい", "romaji": "tensai", "meanings": [ "natural calamity", "disaster" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1439110, "examples": [ { "ja": "地震や洪水は天災です。", "furigana": "{地震|じしん}や{洪水|こうずい}は{天災|てんさい}です。", "en": "Earthquakes and floods are natural disasters.", "tatoeba_id": 126868 }, { "ja": "彼らは長い間天災と闘わねばならなかった。", "en": "They had to strive against natural calamities for ages.", "tatoeba_id": 96534 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "372308bdcfaa064c64ec8dd3423adc5bec7e338b119232b9c9f3613a246675f0", "meanings": [ "天灾" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "地震や洪水は天災です。", "zh": "地震和洪水都是天灾。" }, { "ja": "彼らは長い間天災と闘わねばならなかった。", "zh": "他们不得不长期与自然灾害作斗争。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/36c896b63d", "JMdict ent_seq 1439110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9c7e15f6406695510a1a2cdd16f4d734b951d02a2fb235e2f822553c13e08c6a" } }, { "id": "dcfe32da1f", "word": "展示", "reading": "てんじ", "romaji": "tenji", "meanings": [ "exhibition", "display" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1440610, "examples": [ { "ja": "展示されている宝石が消えた。", "furigana": "{展示|てんじ}されている{宝石|ほうせき}が{消|き}えた。", "en": "The jewels on display disappeared.", "tatoeba_id": 125007 }, { "ja": "私は花の展示会にバラを展示するつもりだ。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{花|はな}の{展示会|てんじかい}にバラを{展示|てんじ}するつもりだ。", "en": "I'm going to exhibit my roses at the flower show.", "tatoeba_id": 157985 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5bb44a66ffe3096ef032d661da2a2e08853dce09674059a1391ed429e81027d7", "meanings": [ "展示" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "展示されている宝石が消えた。", "zh": "展出的宝石不见了。" }, { "ja": "私は花の展示会にバラを展示するつもりだ。", "zh": "我打算在花展上展出玫瑰。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dcfe32da1f", "JMdict ent_seq 1440610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b6f3a5d6410f343df270d31772e088c51987d27af8f08b31a495bcf16000648c" } }, { "id": "97b418dbf8", "word": "天井", "reading": "てんじょう", "romaji": "tenjou", "meanings": [ "ceiling", "ceiling price" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1438340, "examples": [ { "ja": "ハエは天井を歩くことができる。", "furigana": "ハエは{天井|てんじょう}を{歩|ある}くことができる。", "en": "A fly can walk on the ceiling.", "tatoeba_id": 198304 }, { "ja": "彼は天井に手が届くほど背が高い。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{天井|てんじょう}に{手|て}が{届|とど}くほど{背|せ}が{高|たか}い。", "en": "He is such a tall man that he can touch the ceiling.", "tatoeba_id": 101938 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "51cbf8f690425fe5cf3253e6575baef2dfa96f5a0ceb8073027b25da8f81eb57", "meanings": [ "天花板" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ハエは天井を歩くことができる。", "zh": "苍蝇可以在天花板上爬。" }, { "ja": "彼は天井に手が届くほど背が高い。", "zh": "他高得能够到天花板。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/97b418dbf8", "JMdict ent_seq 1438340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a03c20c11aa95aaadb350d8ee20953ea3ba1ab972d59648b7a8bba06054b349d" } }, { "id": "22b728e889", "word": "転じる", "reading": "てんじる", "romaji": "tenjiru", "meanings": [ "to turn", "to shift", "to alter", "to distract" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1441040, "examples": [ { "ja": "災いを転じて福としなさい。", "furigana": "{災|わざわ}いを{転|てん}じて{福|ふく}としなさい。", "en": "Turn your misfortune to account.", "tatoeba_id": 170297 }, { "ja": "災い転じて福となる。", "furigana": "{災|わざわ}い{転|てん}じて{福|ふく}となる。", "en": "Good comes out of evil.", "tatoeba_id": 170295 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ca1f2df89bbb12a9b54646b440fe68fdd6351fd5db71967bdbf7964c9589e0ae", "meanings": [ "转变" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "災いを転じて福としなさい。", "zh": "把灾祸转化为福气吧。" }, { "ja": "災い転じて福となる。", "zh": "转祸为福。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/22b728e889", "JMdict ent_seq 1441040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "913529adf9d92ae0635502beb3f49ebf59dfe41ea9f7e94b99dc8e3902d42a76" } }, { "id": "2788360295", "word": "伝説", "reading": "でんせつ", "romaji": "densetsu", "meanings": [ "tradition", "legend", "folklore" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1442100, "examples": [ { "ja": "その歌は伝説に由来する物だった。", "furigana": "その{歌|うた}は{伝説|でんせつ}に{由来|ゆらい}する{物|もの}だった。", "en": "The song descended from a legend.", "tatoeba_id": 211998 }, { "ja": "古いインドの伝説が数多くある。", "furigana": "{古|ふる}いインドの{伝説|でんせつ}が{数多|かずおお}くある。", "en": "There are many old Indian legends.", "tatoeba_id": 174637 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5b84ae608eee19496e5693ecfd9b5b39318a061e6f3a28f70d93415d33d3c5e0", "meanings": [ "传说" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その歌は伝説に由来する物だった。", "zh": "那首歌源于传说。" }, { "ja": "古いインドの伝説が数多くある。", "zh": "有许多古老的印度传说。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2788360295", "JMdict ent_seq 1442100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0b8b6faf02f12ef958bc81bf229d08ff7c835da9a3bda59d2cd05ee9da5fb774" } }, { "id": "17c604c3de", "word": "点線", "reading": "てんせん", "romaji": "tensen", "meanings": [ "dotted line", "perforated line" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1441690, "examples": [ { "ja": "点線に沿って切ってください。", "en": "Please cut along the dotted line." }, { "ja": "点線の上に名前を書いてください。", "en": "Please write your name on the dotted line." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ed68051ae492037ebfe8e9bda48c0c562124039b52cf4f254ab79b851dd2f20c", "meanings": [ "虚线", "点线" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "点線に沿って切ってください。", "zh": "请沿虚线剪开。" }, { "ja": "点線の上に名前を書いてください。", "zh": "在点线上写名字。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/17c604c3de", "JMdict ent_seq 1441690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3e436c44e0f7c6d79b9092bfe0eb2d991666e68c9dbb1896704daa965df12374" } }, { "id": "26b5d39346", "word": "電線", "reading": "でんせん", "romaji": "densen", "meanings": [ "electric line" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1443570, "examples": [ { "ja": "電流が流れる電線にコイルを近づけると、コイルにも電気が流れます。", "furigana": "{電流|でんりゅう}が{流|なが}れる{電線|でんせん}にコイルを{近|ちか}づけると、コイルにも{電気|でんき}が{流|なが}れます。", "en": "When a coil is moved near to a wire with current flowing in it current flows in the coil as well.", "tatoeba_id": 75102 }, { "ja": "大雪のため各所で電線が切れた。", "furigana": "{大雪|おおゆき}のため{各所|かくしょ}で{電線|でんせん}が{切|き}れた。", "en": "Electric wires were broken in many places from the heavy snowfall.", "tatoeba_id": 137422 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "64de0e5b14d8a0a3560490dcffd74361383b176b3017f87f6ab11ca11bfc9588", "meanings": [ "电线" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "電流が流れる電線にコイルを近づけると、コイルにも電気が流れます。", "zh": "将线圈靠近通电电线时，线圈中也会产生电流。" }, { "ja": "大雪のため各所で電線が切れた。", "zh": "大雪使多处电线断裂。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/26b5d39346", "JMdict ent_seq 1443570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1b0b3e37a09eae9f4aabb778df16ef6630e3af41a42834542d789ba2512532f6" } }, { "id": "ab565da65e", "word": "天体", "reading": "てんたい", "romaji": "tentai", "meanings": [ "heavenly body" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1439740, "examples": [ { "ja": "地球以外の天体に生物はいますか。", "furigana": "{地球|ちきゅう}{以外|いがい}の{天体|てんたい}に{生物|せいぶつ}はいますか。", "en": "Is there life on other worlds?", "tatoeba_id": 126939 }, { "ja": "天文学は天体の科学である。", "furigana": "{天文学|てんもんがく}は{天体|てんたい}の{科学|かがく}である。", "en": "Astronomy is the science of heavenly bodies.", "tatoeba_id": 125009 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5a9a8828049cfdcc513d804a2aaf8ed2721b5735bbf684f0677ada7e91882608", "meanings": [ "天体" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "地球以外の天体に生物はいますか。", "zh": "地球以外的天体上有生物吗？" }, { "ja": "天文学は天体の科学である。", "zh": "天文学是研究天体的科学。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ab565da65e", "JMdict ent_seq 1439740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "256afa08f4407fa4aaf4e83d14b310be5873fb075e256e6e02cea6db75517678" } }, { "id": "c410adfcf0", "word": "伝達", "reading": "でんたつ", "romaji": "dentatsu", "meanings": [ "transmission (e.g. news)", "communication", "delivery" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1442240, "examples": [ { "ja": "水は空気よりも音をよく伝達する。", "furigana": "{水|みず}は{空気|くうき}よりも{音|おと}をよく{伝達|でんたつ}する。", "en": "Water transmits sound better than air.", "tatoeba_id": 143767 }, { "ja": "言葉は伝達の手段である。", "furigana": "{言葉|ことば}は{伝達|でんたつ}の{手段|しゅだん}である。", "en": "Language is a means of communication.", "tatoeba_id": 174680 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "809651142851ac1297501c141a164aab5375010f6174505372a1f2c58f969e86", "meanings": [ "传达", "传递" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "水は空気よりも音をよく伝達する。", "zh": "水比空气更善于传声。" }, { "ja": "言葉は伝達の手段である。", "zh": "语言是沟通的手段。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c410adfcf0", "JMdict ent_seq 1442240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "77d4e8aafb8f7063cd5dcd78c66db7a9d494e5148c066f04234305a0af07d049" } }, { "id": "1ecdf1e6a6", "word": "天地", "reading": "てんち", "romaji": "tenchi", "meanings": [ "heaven and earth", "the universe", "nature", "top and bottom", "realm", "sphere", "world" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1582090, "other_readings": [ "あめつち" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この天地の間にはな、所謂哲学の思いも及ばぬ大事があるわい。", "en": "There are more things in Heaven and Earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy.", "tatoeba_id": 1649981 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "72d5f019d09f88489d0a172ad4bb6902a25b5566126438c474888940d075b0c2", "meanings": [ "天地", "宇宙" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この天地の間にはな、所謂哲学の思いも及ばぬ大事があるわい。", "zh": "这天地之间，有所谓哲学也想不到的大事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1ecdf1e6a6", "JMdict ent_seq 1582090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0f1bee039f7af4f7eaec1775f4d3ee2f7747201809f473627d496bafddee98c6" } }, { "id": "9f3db67bab", "word": "てんで", "reading": "てんで", "romaji": "tende", "meanings": [ "(not) at all", "altogether", "entirely" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1008320, "examples": [ { "ja": "てんで見当がつきません。", "furigana": "てんで{見当|けんとう}がつきません。", "en": "I don't have the slightest idea.", "tatoeba_id": 201919 }, { "ja": "これはてんで見当がつかないや。", "furigana": "これはてんで{見当|けんとう}がつかないや。", "en": "This has got me beat.", "tatoeba_id": 218575 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e8cac289560781e665f38f432123ffae34f1d319ce02b201ff65905eabe49198", "meanings": [ "完全不" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "てんで見当がつきません。", "zh": "我完全没有头绪。" }, { "ja": "これはてんで見当がつかないや。", "zh": "这真是毫无头绪。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9f3db67bab", "JMdict ent_seq 1008320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b55efb5c5facd0144c22b38803011589962aca16c9590958f42c264782ac8ce0" } }, { "id": "24cccbf181", "word": "転任", "reading": "てんにん", "romaji": "tennin", "meanings": [ "change of post" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1441320, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は別の学校に転任した。", "en": "He transferred to another school." }, { "ja": "彼女は転任で地方へ引っ越した。", "en": "She moved to another region for her new post." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "79e1240b9e03eaa67c717c88738249d10886f1ae9ae7b58587570617408d0ea6", "meanings": [ "调任" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は別の学校に転任した。", "zh": "他调任到了另一所学校。" }, { "ja": "彼女は転任で地方へ引っ越した。", "zh": "她因调任搬到了外地。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/24cccbf181", "JMdict ent_seq 1441320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3f3ca60ac917710c341d1c9ca961a8f75827b1895abd55ce14ca7a76c4e7a48b" } }, { "id": "00f9ac5fce", "word": "展望", "reading": "てんぼう", "romaji": "tenbou", "meanings": [ "view", "outlook", "prospect" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1440640, "examples": [ { "ja": "あのビルの屋上からの展望はすばらしかった。", "furigana": "あのビルの{屋上|おくじょう}からの{展望|てんぼう}はすばらしかった。", "en": "The view from the top of that building was magnificent.", "tatoeba_id": 231267 }, { "ja": "会社での彼の今後の展望はあまり明るくない。", "furigana": "{会社|かいしゃ}での{彼|かれ}の{今後|こんご}の{展望|てんぼう}はあまり{明|あか}るくない。", "en": "His career prospects at the company are not too promising.", "tatoeba_id": 185288 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c61961e88b66e92e195114cfeccb5e34887a98ef64d2bc22f2ebfdf574fa7912", "meanings": [ "展望", "景色" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あのビルの屋上からの展望はすばらしかった。", "zh": "从那栋楼屋顶看到的景色非常棒。" }, { "ja": "会社での彼の今後の展望はあまり明るくない。", "zh": "他在公司的前景不太光明。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/00f9ac5fce", "JMdict ent_seq 1440640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e10eccd0e8418cc23317022fc5ff677e8a62103b87753115da57906c4412ffa6" } }, { "id": "c2f7a54ea2", "word": "伝来", "reading": "でんらい", "romaji": "denrai", "meanings": [ "ancestral", "hereditary", "imported", "transmitted", "handed down" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1442450, "examples": [ { "ja": "私達の生活様式はヨーロッパ文明の伝来以来変化してきた。", "en": "Our mode of life has changed since the introduction of European civilization.", "tatoeba_id": 151951 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ebdbf3a690347e094886490c937748882ee20722437822e7cb98b3f550624722", "meanings": [ "传入", "传承" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私達の生活様式はヨーロッパ文明の伝来以来変化してきた。", "zh": "自欧洲文明传入以来，我们的生活方式发生了变化。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c2f7a54ea2", "JMdict ent_seq 1442450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "99c421c264d2d83880491c356defc99c2303ced10835bb6531276695816351bb" } }, { "id": "82a0ad0df4", "word": "転落", "reading": "てんらく", "romaji": "tenraku", "meanings": [ "fall", "degradation", "slump" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1441370, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はまっさかさまに川に転落した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はまっさかさまに{川|かわ}に{転落|てんらく}した。", "en": "He fell head-long into the river.", "tatoeba_id": 110794 }, { "ja": "バスががけから転落し、乗っていた１０名全員が死亡した。", "furigana": "バスががけから{転落|てんらく}し、{乗|の}っていた１０{名|めい}{全員|ぜんいん}が{死亡|しぼう}した。", "en": "The bus fell off the cliff, killing all 10 aboard.", "tatoeba_id": 198245 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3a59ba38cf945e50629e0698ac411ee77680bd90e7284e6d323360a15f24569d", "meanings": [ "坠落", "堕落" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はまっさかさまに川に転落した。", "zh": "他一头栽进河里。" }, { "ja": "バスががけから転落し、乗っていた１０名全員が死亡した。", "zh": "公交车从悬崖坠落，车上十人全部死亡。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/82a0ad0df4", "JMdict ent_seq 1441370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cc3d7d81eb81a7b85d1a980a897d6b926766461c54b5f454078117c03ccc12e1" } }, { "id": "290e4e8db6", "word": "と", "reading": "と", "romaji": "to", "meanings": [ "if (conjunction)", "promoted pawn (shogi) (abbreviation)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "prt", "conj" ], "jmdict_id": 1008490, "examples": [ { "ja": "驚かない所をみると知ってたのね。", "furigana": "{驚|おどろ}かない{所|ところ}をみると{知|し}ってたのね。", "en": "Seeing that you're not surprised, I think you must have known.", "tatoeba_id": 4988 }, { "ja": "本当の自信と空威張りは別問題だ。", "furigana": "{本当|ほんとう}の{自信|じしん}と{空威張|からいば}りは{別問題|べつもんだい}だ。", "en": "True bravery is quite another thing from bravado.", "tatoeba_id": 74533 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "176892b4917de2304a85cc3bce2fba9330b3ddd3c2609588e72c79529c85b862", "meanings": [ "如果", "和" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "驚かない所をみると知ってたのね。", "zh": "看你没有惊讶，原来你知道啊。" }, { "ja": "本当の自信と空威張りは別問題だ。", "zh": "真正的自信和虚张声势是两回事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/290e4e8db6", "JMdict ent_seq 1008490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b03141e5de1c1190281e57ba68e69b302b69efa28753a174c2bdca5f52631d4e" } }, { "id": "43f119940b", "word": "問い合わせる", "reading": "といあわせる", "romaji": "toiawaseru", "meanings": [ "to enquire", "to seek information" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1535960, "examples": [ { "ja": "この本が図書館にあるかどうか問い合わせて下さい。", "furigana": "この{本|ほん}が{図書館|としょかん}にあるかどうか{問|と}い{合|あ}わせて{下|くだ}さい。", "en": "Please ask whether they have this book at the library.", "tatoeba_id": 219786 }, { "ja": "旅行代理店に問い合わせてみよう。", "furigana": "{旅行代理店|りょこうだいりてん}に{問|と}い{合|あ}わせてみよう。", "en": "Let's ask a travel agent.", "tatoeba_id": 78133 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fa7d7f75c5c5b8b2cbc0432a3f412d84ab42d8edbe07dc8178bc1fd525c2af17", "meanings": [ "询问" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この本が図書館にあるかどうか問い合わせて下さい。", "zh": "请询问图书馆是否有这本书。" }, { "ja": "旅行代理店に問い合わせてみよう。", "zh": "向旅行社问问吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/43f119940b", "JMdict ent_seq 1535960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "29c2bd0c328e559bc5578b97c23974019704953d40a323c40d6699678cb74dd8" } }, { "id": "991db5e590", "word": "棟", "reading": "とう", "romaji": "tou", "meanings": [ "place", "section", "building" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1448340, "examples": [ { "ja": "３棟の家屋が全壊しました。", "en": "Three homes were completely destroyed.", "tatoeba_id": 11761198 }, { "ja": "建物は２棟とも全焼した。", "en": "Both buildings burned down.", "tatoeba_id": 9832979 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4353cf3b9ab6277208f54f728f4843df759aa659645abfd19131296cddcf7c8b", "meanings": [ "栋", "建筑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "３棟の家屋が全壊しました。", "zh": "三栋房屋完全倒塌。" }, { "ja": "建物は２棟とも全焼した。", "zh": "两栋建筑都被烧毁了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/991db5e590", "JMdict ent_seq 1448340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "83cae70e8edbd3db575cb5d0e06b86e86a9dbb2fe7d1189f51532afd66516a41" } }, { "id": "46f330a564", "word": "等", "reading": "とう", "romaji": "tou", "meanings": [ "et cetera, etc.", "and the like" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1582305, "examples": [ { "ja": "ノートやペン等を持参してください。", "en": "Please bring a notebook, pen, and similar items." }, { "ja": "会議では予算等を話し合った。", "en": "The meeting discussed the budget and related matters." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e1525e251e191013dc59070a1c5df9b77f3f284f48af3e8abbdea06a15f4d708", "meanings": [ "等", "等级" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ノートやペン等を持参してください。", "zh": "请带笔记本、笔等物品。" }, { "ja": "会議では予算等を話し合った。", "zh": "会议讨论了预算等事项。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/46f330a564", "JMdict ent_seq 1582305; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8cc139f859efb8361e786fc3a01983a4d45e76a8ecc3c0e00996ef6308943b64" } }, { "id": "5b7ec81584", "word": "問う", "reading": "とう", "romaji": "tou", "meanings": [ "to ask", "to question", "to charge (i.e. with a crime)", "to accuse", "without regard to (neg)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u-s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1536000, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼にもう一杯いかがかと問う。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}にもう{一杯|いっぱい}いかがかと{問|と}う。", "en": "Ask if he wants another drink.", "tatoeba_id": 118710 }, { "ja": "この男は窃盗罪に問われた。", "furigana": "この{男|おとこ}は{窃盗罪|せっとうざい}に{問|と}われた。", "en": "This man was charged with theft.", "tatoeba_id": 220626 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "34317c5f303a66cec3bd87877588416e646d4b7fa738190394dda8dd01c70692", "meanings": [ "询问", "追究" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼にもう一杯いかがかと問う。", "zh": "问他要不要再来一杯。" }, { "ja": "この男は窃盗罪に問われた。", "zh": "这个男人被控盗窃罪。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5b7ec81584", "JMdict ent_seq 1536000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d66db996ef5967846ebef44983f786ad17dc5ee8d63004c2f2be918145a011c7" } }, { "id": "52d97339d1", "word": "同", "reading": "どう", "romaji": "dou", "meanings": [ "the same", "the said", "ibid." ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1451730, "examples": [ { "ja": "英語はドイツ語と同語族である。", "furigana": "{英語|えいご}はドイツ{語|ご}と{同|どう}{語族|ごぞく}である。", "en": "The English language is cognate to the German language.", "tatoeba_id": 189143 }, { "ja": "同世代の人は、仕事とか、買い物で留守ばかりです。", "en": "My contemporaries are, working, shopping, out and about, all the time.", "tatoeba_id": 75842 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "770eab9f76710abd6c17ff3adb56ce9f91644fefdcebaa004eca18d3722a6788", "meanings": [ "同", "相同" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "英語はドイツ語と同語族である。", "zh": "英语和德语属于同一语族。" }, { "ja": "同世代の人は、仕事とか、買い物で留守ばかりです。", "zh": "同代人常因工作或购物不在家。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/52d97339d1", "JMdict ent_seq 1451730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d772b7721f792490ba500192cb50ef63697cb85ae9073f5ecba7f62324070fee" } }, { "id": "1e2592203e", "word": "胴", "reading": "どう", "romaji": "dou", "meanings": [ "trunk", "body", "frame" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1454010, "examples": [ { "ja": "ダックスフントは、非常に長い胴と短い足をしたドイツ犬である。", "furigana": "ダックスフントは、{非常|ひじょう}に{長|なが}い{胴|どう}と{短|みじか}い{足|あし}をしたドイツ{犬|いぬ}である。", "en": "A dachshund is a dog from Germany with a very long body and short legs.", "tatoeba_id": 203598 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "03d9073890a19e7384db5e5eef2687917c911179d7fb5331c0331e5c57059c31", "meanings": [ "躯干", "身体" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ダックスフントは、非常に長い胴と短い足をしたドイツ犬である。", "zh": "腊肠犬是一种身体很长、腿很短的德国犬。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1e2592203e", "JMdict ent_seq 1454010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bcffa80847730b9f91ddf49881719adc03407dbdad975bdf9dc7ea811ff78dac" } }, { "id": "b808627399", "word": "同意", "reading": "どうい", "romaji": "doui", "meanings": [ "agreement", "consent", "same meaning", "same opinion", "approval" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1451850, "examples": [ { "ja": "ボブはその計画に同意しなかった。", "furigana": "ボブはその{計画|けいかく}に{同意|どうい}しなかった。", "en": "Bob did not agree to the plan.", "tatoeba_id": 196043 }, { "ja": "彼女はその提案に同意しなかった。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はその{提案|ていあん}に{同意|どうい}しなかった。", "en": "She did not agree to the proposal.", "tatoeba_id": 92341 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7a4807565c92374b93625662123275f2b773ea4e08474a4b1fc886e255ce5131", "meanings": [ "同意" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ボブはその計画に同意しなかった。", "zh": "鲍勃不同意那个计划。" }, { "ja": "彼女はその提案に同意しなかった。", "zh": "她不同意那个提议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b808627399", "JMdict ent_seq 1451850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5df6323a9a3a9187ce7eeba31710e248c8ee5bf3486261f54fc5f67d6d3bb350" } }, { "id": "b67eebb3d5", "word": "動員", "reading": "どういん", "romaji": "douin", "meanings": [ "mobilization" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1451260, "examples": [ { "ja": "政府は救助隊員を動員した。", "en": "The government mobilized rescue personnel." }, { "ja": "行事には多くのボランティアが動員された。", "en": "Many volunteers were mobilized for the event." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "456cd1bafcf2d3cfc9ec671b587ea52e988658fa56f620fb2016a157b66163cf", "meanings": [ "动员" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "政府は救助隊員を動員した。", "zh": "政府动员了救援人员。" }, { "ja": "行事には多くのボランティアが動員された。", "zh": "活动动员了很多志愿者。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b67eebb3d5", "JMdict ent_seq 1451260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "dbb09b61226cd9a32f1a34e306d333b8bf64c99eda97aa1504d2159806ef22dd" } }, { "id": "9cfded4a30", "word": "同感", "reading": "どうかん", "romaji": "doukan", "meanings": [ "agreement", "same opinion", "same feeling", "sympathy", "concurrence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1452020, "examples": [ { "ja": "税金に関するあなたの意見に同感です。", "furigana": "{税金|ぜいきん}に{関|かん}するあなたの{意見|いけん}に{同感|どうかん}です。", "en": "I agree with your opinion about taxes.", "tatoeba_id": 142484 }, { "ja": "私は全く君と同感だ。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{全|まった}く{君|きみ}と{同感|どうかん}だ。", "en": "I quite agree with you.", "tatoeba_id": 155408 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4ac07e3a7f46d9416027f1e7940f24b82eec345a915349a47e091426b16cffe6", "meanings": [ "同感" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "税金に関するあなたの意見に同感です。", "zh": "我赞同你关于税收的意见。" }, { "ja": "私は全く君と同感だ。", "zh": "我完全同意你的看法。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9cfded4a30", "JMdict ent_seq 1452020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "997291cad3e0e8cafd2e95ef69338e9c76c37e4c9cef3704c45c4364e4bd151d" } }, { "id": "4d569aae89", "word": "陶器", "reading": "とうき", "romaji": "touki", "meanings": [ "pottery", "ceramics" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1450610, "examples": [ { "ja": "陶器は火で焼かれた。", "furigana": "{陶器|とうき}は{火|ひ}で{焼|や}かれた。", "en": "The pottery was baked by fire.", "tatoeba_id": 123882 }, { "ja": "東洋の陶器に興味があります。", "furigana": "{東洋|とうよう}の{陶器|とうき}に{興味|きょうみ}があります。", "en": "I have an interest in oriental ceramics.", "tatoeba_id": 124151 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f034807c60a963a013dd225a30b0f505c5d37bca26034d9f7463f2da2f025ef3", "meanings": [ "陶器" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "陶器は火で焼かれた。", "zh": "陶器用火烧制。" }, { "ja": "東洋の陶器に興味があります。", "zh": "我对东方陶器感兴趣。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4d569aae89", "JMdict ent_seq 1450610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0c87a5a2ee9a631b2b5ec6ff8a78a179367c5c5bd1a8baae7ef86179fdfaa463" } }, { "id": "dc02744e3e", "word": "討議", "reading": "とうぎ", "romaji": "tougi", "meanings": [ "debate", "discussion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1449960, "examples": [ { "ja": "その問題が彼らによって討議されています。", "furigana": "その{問題|もんだい}が{彼|かれ}らによって{討議|とうぎ}されています。", "en": "They are discussing the problem.", "tatoeba_id": 206517 }, { "ja": "この問題は討議する価値がある。", "furigana": "この{問題|もんだい}は{討議|とうぎ}する{価値|かち}がある。", "en": "This problem is worth discussing.", "tatoeba_id": 219363 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "591ebfc0bcf8533f5183cc81e097175578d93624af5235ce17a7b6cdb31314c6", "meanings": [ "讨论" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その問題が彼らによって討議されています。", "zh": "那个问题正在被他们讨论。" }, { "ja": "この問題は討議する価値がある。", "zh": "这个问题值得讨论。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dc02744e3e", "JMdict ent_seq 1449960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4471807016517cebe7de3c7f395593041145756123c7ba3f5c74b1f9c8e7f71e" } }, { "id": "dd3bb2afb6", "word": "動機", "reading": "どうき", "romaji": "douki", "meanings": [ "motive", "incentive" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1451310, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの人の動機が信用できなかった。", "furigana": "あの{人|ひと}の{動機|どうき}が{信用|しんよう}できなかった。", "en": "I was distrustful of his motives.", "tatoeba_id": 230753 }, { "ja": "殺害の動機は明らかではない。", "furigana": "{殺害|さつがい}の{動機|どうき}は{明|あき}らかではない。", "en": "The motive for the murder is not yet known.", "tatoeba_id": 169551 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "752a581a82e17faade0bb8513c17d3ee24137cc73192c7b5735d2fb32e9962e3", "meanings": [ "动机" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの人の動機が信用できなかった。", "zh": "我无法相信那个人的动机。" }, { "ja": "殺害の動機は明らかではない。", "zh": "杀人动机尚不明确。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dd3bb2afb6", "JMdict ent_seq 1451310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "66aff776ad17b967a83b338ca45d54550f1cca4e766aa283425a6e6d26571785" } }, { "id": "b37c919059", "word": "等級", "reading": "とうきゅう", "romaji": "toukyuu", "meanings": [ "grade", "class" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1449410, "examples": [ { "ja": "この製品は品質で等級を分ける。", "en": "This product is graded by quality." }, { "ja": "彼は一つ上の等級に昇進した。", "en": "He was promoted one grade." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4e9464c1d22a430c39b5a6c85db735961c696461ebb0049c3b88238760f4454e", "meanings": [ "等级" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この製品は品質で等級を分ける。", "zh": "这个产品按质量分等级。" }, { "ja": "彼は一つ上の等級に昇進した。", "zh": "他晋升了一个等级。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b37c919059", "JMdict ent_seq 1449410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "409e6ca3c33cab9f039c297fdb47b322cba6b6733beb95563718fa785a80b469" } }, { "id": "c5eee7f304", "word": "同級", "reading": "どうきゅう", "romaji": "doukyuu", "meanings": [ "the same grade", "same class" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1452110, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは同級です。", "en": "We are in the same grade." }, { "ja": "彼女は兄と同級だった。", "en": "She was in the same grade as her brother." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7ad33b52836829ecc9f09e1cd4714d884ad8170b382dad902b9db211968bd3b2", "meanings": [ "同年级", "同班" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは同級です。", "zh": "我们在同一年级。" }, { "ja": "彼女は兄と同級だった。", "zh": "她与哥哥同年级。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c5eee7f304", "JMdict ent_seq 1452110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e973dd1e563e4f702327bc5541fb63df2056e8fa43a0a5fc9e1a992db36cb36e" } }, { "id": "4c0cf6cbce", "word": "同居", "reading": "どうきょ", "romaji": "doukyo", "meanings": [ "living together" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1452130, "examples": [ { "ja": "キムはケンと同居している。", "furigana": "キムはケンと{同居|どうきょ}している。", "en": "Kim is living with Ken.", "tatoeba_id": 225869 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "93606ff5dd0956ad9c359746243dd1fcf88ebf9f48e0fb277c18df70087b5024", "meanings": [ "同住" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "キムはケンと同居している。", "zh": "金和肯住在一起。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4c0cf6cbce", "JMdict ent_seq 1452130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9ea11b15def29499f0ae6f75c59313e1e302ed7fcb7b1988847fbfeb78630f92" } }, { "id": "886d9fe5b2", "word": "登校", "reading": "とうこう", "romaji": "toukou", "meanings": [ "attendance (at school)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1444760, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはみな、制服を着て登校する。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちはみな、{制服|せいふく}を{着|き}て{登校|とうこう}する。", "en": "We all wear uniforms to school.", "tatoeba_id": 166197 }, { "ja": "彼らは普段自転車で登校します。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{普段|ふだん}{自転車|じてんしゃ}で{登校|とうこう}します。", "en": "They usually go to school by bicycle.", "tatoeba_id": 96213 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "263bf1abb935ac075f99e20b2777d4c42b38cda951268030ee735c6eca7eab2c", "meanings": [ "上学" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはみな、制服を着て登校する。", "zh": "我们都穿着校服去上学。" }, { "ja": "彼らは普段自転車で登校します。", "zh": "他们通常骑自行车上学。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/886d9fe5b2", "JMdict ent_seq 1444760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b4137332c96ab11b3effa21790b4b53ae44a92c6bd5d7b598980dd5b3f3b4979" } }, { "id": "579129d0a8", "word": "統合", "reading": "とうごう", "romaji": "tougou", "meanings": [ "integration", "unification", "synthesis" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1449760, "examples": [ { "ja": "天皇は国民の統合の象徴である。", "en": "The Emperor is the symbol of the unity of the people.", "tatoeba_id": 125041 }, { "ja": "２つの国は１つの政府に統合された。", "furigana": "２つの{国|くに}は１つの{政府|せいふ}に{統合|とうごう}された。", "en": "The two countries were united under one government.", "tatoeba_id": 235539 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "77222cfd85b18f0a5b5b93007f488eaf2334e993efb77bfdaffa6f5dc5e649cd", "meanings": [ "整合", "统一" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "天皇は国民の統合の象徴である。", "zh": "天皇是国民团结的象征。" }, { "ja": "２つの国は１つの政府に統合された。", "zh": "两个国家统一在一个政府之下。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/579129d0a8", "JMdict ent_seq 1449760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "55ff1bc863d72c6b59c096542ff3953fc502d7f2772485d1804cd7fb99314e4c" } }, { "id": "27dd28bd9a", "word": "動向", "reading": "どうこう", "romaji": "doukou", "meanings": [ "trend", "tendency", "movement", "attitude" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1451330, "examples": [ { "ja": "新聞は世の動向を左右する。", "furigana": "{新聞|しんぶん}は{世|よ}の{動向|どうこう}を{左右|さゆう}する。", "en": "Newspapers influence the current of time.", "tatoeba_id": 145130 }, { "ja": "彼は金融アナリストで経済動向の分析には定評がある。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{金融|きんゆう}アナリストで{経済|けいざい}{動向|どうこう}の{分析|ぶんせき}には{定評|ていひょう}がある。", "en": "He's a financial analyst with a pretty good reputation for his analysis of economic trends.", "tatoeba_id": 108145 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a475202418714951384ec16217d18a84db22449f37b33fe8a4855af92377eb61", "meanings": [ "动向", "趋势" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新聞は世の動向を左右する。", "zh": "报纸左右社会动向。" }, { "ja": "彼は金融アナリストで経済動向の分析には定評がある。", "zh": "他是金融分析师，经济趋势分析享有盛誉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/27dd28bd9a", "JMdict ent_seq 1451330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1f6f7222ea7637d00d24a63ca02f141cf48385bcda269e262f1782c2fffe0b4a" } }, { "id": "f0c81f542a", "word": "倒産", "reading": "とうさん", "romaji": "tousan", "meanings": [ "(corporate) bankruptcy", "insolvency" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1445890, "examples": [ { "ja": "その会社はまもなく倒産するだろう。", "furigana": "その{会社|かいしゃ}はまもなく{倒産|とうさん}するだろう。", "en": "The company will soon go bankrupt.", "tatoeba_id": 211823 }, { "ja": "今年は倒産が一割減少しています。", "furigana": "{今年|ことし}は{倒産|とうさん}が{一割|いちわり}{減少|げんしょう}しています。", "en": "Business failures are down 10% this year.", "tatoeba_id": 171305 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1d9f92425e8500c3750c9dbe6a53b043916df6186b3f0b3d54ac5cee4b3c6295", "meanings": [ "破产" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その会社はまもなく倒産するだろう。", "zh": "那家公司很快就会破产吧。" }, { "ja": "今年は倒産が一割減少しています。", "zh": "今年破产数量减少了一成。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f0c81f542a", "JMdict ent_seq 1445890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "eb5a0494745b2e5c5fa38cae922a133c7cd9b3caa0e29724a19b5b973a678300" } }, { "id": "2cb81ea096", "word": "投資", "reading": "とうし", "romaji": "toushi", "meanings": [ "investment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1447230, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は自分のお金を株に投資した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{自分|じぶん}のお{金|かね}を{株|かぶ}に{投資|とうし}した。", "en": "He invested his money in stocks.", "tatoeba_id": 108220 }, { "ja": "彼は車にそのお金すべてを投資した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{車|くるま}にそのお{金|かね}すべてを{投資|とうし}した。", "en": "He spent all of his money on a car.", "tatoeba_id": 104665 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "044daa5672f2f65f50474d4537944062f6c910e97c46fa369d8e83a052ea24b8", "meanings": [ "投资" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は自分のお金を株に投資した。", "zh": "他把钱投资在股票上。" }, { "ja": "彼は車にそのお金すべてを投資した。", "zh": "他把所有的钱都投到了车上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2cb81ea096", "JMdict ent_seq 1447230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "92e1623aa0720cd23081e0a958c3719d10b5fada0a490f30d7b065c88c8cea4a" } }, { "id": "c4e90fc977", "word": "同士", "reading": "どうし", "romaji": "doushi", "meanings": [ "fellow", "companion", "comrade" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1452400, "examples": [ { "ja": "１０代の友だち同士が徹夜でおしゃべりした。", "en": "The teenage friends stayed up talking all night.", "tatoeba_id": 236025 }, { "ja": "彼らは血のつながったいとこ同士だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{血|ち}のつながったいとこ{同士|どうし}だ。", "en": "They are cousins by blood.", "tatoeba_id": 97254 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3df79efa86e9fb55d50e5ef11dc249f5813224249a60cd3be1f2f060c687baaa", "meanings": [ "同伴", "彼此" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "１０代の友だち同士が徹夜でおしゃべりした。", "zh": "十几岁的朋友们彻夜聊天。" }, { "ja": "彼らは血のつながったいとこ同士だ。", "zh": "他们是有血缘关系的表亲。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c4e90fc977", "JMdict ent_seq 1452400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "738946d91de4de5816b236db8841f467b76d842c663fd277dd0724d846bd61a8" } }, { "id": "b478df3132", "word": "同志", "reading": "どうし", "romaji": "doushi", "meanings": [ "same mind", "comrade", "kindred soul" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1452410, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは同志である。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{同志|どうし}である。", "en": "They are in the same camp.", "tatoeba_id": 96456 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4f993c7d225f6e0577c3eaace68428bd1050187f73814a2e318a8017a79bb1b5", "meanings": [ "同志", "志同道合的人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは同志である。", "zh": "他们是同志。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b478df3132", "JMdict ent_seq 1452410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6512d0c88598c592abc191d09fc1ead69c8c524fbbc320ad66dc4dfce7076448" } }, { "id": "fe59788bbf", "word": "同情", "reading": "どうじょう", "romaji": "doujou", "meanings": [ "sympathy", "compassion", "sympathize", "pity", "feel for" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1452720, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼のことを同情せずにはいられない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}のことを{同情|どうじょう}せずにはいられない。", "en": "I cannot but feel sorry for him.", "tatoeba_id": 118332 }, { "ja": "私は彼に同情せざるをえなかった。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{彼|かれ}に{同情|どうじょう}せざるをえなかった。", "en": "I could not help feeling sympathy with him.", "tatoeba_id": 154069 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "360fbbfd1fd619dde1b490952480cfe649e21244ad38a6b018fb0bb9be3ef51b", "meanings": [ "同情" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼のことを同情せずにはいられない。", "zh": "我不禁同情他。" }, { "ja": "私は彼に同情せざるをえなかった。", "zh": "我不得不同情他。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fe59788bbf", "JMdict ent_seq 1452720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1927966edc91c70b00243e94d2fd7fdaebe64aef641f97bab72d7a18f7ca0643" } }, { "id": "bb8010df59", "word": "道場", "reading": "どうじょう", "romaji": "doujou", "meanings": [ "dojo", "hall used for martial arts training", "mandala" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1454220, "examples": [ { "ja": "子どもたちは道場で練習する。", "en": "The children practice at the dojo." }, { "ja": "彼は週に二回道場へ通う。", "en": "He goes to the dojo twice a week." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "be009bad124e6aec5088d98a07b94c15f993dfe8f2799a90b4f71a9d62ef581e", "meanings": [ "道场" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "子どもたちは道場で練習する。", "zh": "孩子们在道场练习。" }, { "ja": "彼は週に二回道場へ通う。", "zh": "他每周去道场两次。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bb8010df59", "JMdict ent_seq 1454220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2ad6adfb96d40ab12cb34a4d803fc48b5e68de6f75c67f34828f0ab21f247b4c" } }, { "id": "fe1257bd71", "word": "統制", "reading": "とうせい", "romaji": "tousei", "meanings": [ "regulation", "control" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1449820, "examples": [ { "ja": "その国では政府が物価を統制している。", "furigana": "その{国|くに}では{政府|せいふ}が{物価|ぶっか}を{統制|とうせい}している。", "en": "In that country the government controls prices.", "tatoeba_id": 210652 }, { "ja": "米価は政府によって統制されている。", "furigana": "{米価|べいか}は{政府|せいふ}によって{統制|とうせい}されている。", "en": "Rice prices are regulated by the government.", "tatoeba_id": 83505 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "daf96285eeb468fcd3e542351ff1737d50935a18da7c18a690b01f2b3a7326cb", "meanings": [ "控制", "管制" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その国では政府が物価を統制している。", "zh": "那个国家的政府控制物价。" }, { "ja": "米価は政府によって統制されている。", "zh": "大米价格由政府管制。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fe1257bd71", "JMdict ent_seq 1449820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "90512b89a7642a01b231fc1f8ef751fb7167d39cbc5e9e3cd505da768d028091" } }, { "id": "457e7304b4", "word": "当選", "reading": "とうせん", "romaji": "tousen", "meanings": [ "being elected", "winning the prize" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1449180, "examples": [ { "ja": "私が投票した候補者は当選した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}が{投票|とうひょう}した{候補者|こうほしゃ}は{当選|とうせん}した。", "en": "The candidate whom I cast a vote for was elected.", "tatoeba_id": 167539 }, { "ja": "選挙運動は成功し、彼女は当選した。", "furigana": "{選挙|せんきょ}{運動|うんどう}は{成功|せいこう}し、{彼女|かのじょ}は{当選|とうせん}した。", "en": "The campaign succeeded and she won the election.", "tatoeba_id": 141032 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f4ca6276c8a6514549cf21954d51bb0431faebbcf9cf53983c543934b47ddf4f", "meanings": [ "当选", "中奖" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私が投票した候補者は当選した。", "zh": "我投票的候选人当选了。" }, { "ja": "選挙運動は成功し、彼女は当選した。", "zh": "竞选成功，她当选了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/457e7304b4", "JMdict ent_seq 1449180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e0f14427ccfc0a8daee3adb51a40d3a6547bdf42b619a9e13612b20dcd97e038" } }, { "id": "851186f25b", "word": "逃走", "reading": "とうそう", "romaji": "tousou", "meanings": [ "flight", "desertion", "escape" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1450450, "examples": [ { "ja": "少年がいくらかお金を持って逃走した。", "furigana": "{少年|しょうねん}がいくらかお{金|かね}を{持|も}って{逃走|とうそう}した。", "en": "A boy made off with some money.", "tatoeba_id": 146636 }, { "ja": "逃走した囚人はまだ捕まっていない。", "furigana": "{逃走|とうそう}した{囚人|しゅうじん}はまだ{捕|つか}まっていない。", "en": "The prisoner who escaped is still at large.", "tatoeba_id": 123885 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d6965496a5f03b3be3afb3a95d4b63a67748bf5b5587b599771b5b705d33115d", "meanings": [ "逃跑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "少年がいくらかお金を持って逃走した。", "zh": "男孩带着一些钱逃跑了。" }, { "ja": "逃走した囚人はまだ捕まっていない。", "zh": "逃跑的囚犯还没抓到。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/851186f25b", "JMdict ent_seq 1450450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fb13ba79f9d367153252a0a3d995c0f02f985230a24240937434cda1ed54b4be" } }, { "id": "d48091d525", "word": "統率", "reading": "とうそつ", "romaji": "tousotsu", "meanings": [ "command", "lead", "generalship", "leadership" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1449840, "examples": [ { "ja": "船長は船と乗組員を統率する。", "furigana": "{船長|せんちょう}は{船|ふね}と{乗組員|のりくみいん}を{統率|とうそつ}する。", "en": "A captain controls his ship and its crew.", "tatoeba_id": 141064 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ab52679993dac27dbb016c227c93e679cce11cc5cafbd30a5d648cc7ff12eb26", "meanings": [ "统率" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "船長は船と乗組員を統率する。", "zh": "船长统率船只和船员。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d48091d525", "JMdict ent_seq 1449840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e9cb32fd02727ce0d1b1c74d9bbed9e66828452d128c0278fc47f68f94096f0e" } }, { "id": "4a985a772f", "word": "到達", "reading": "とうたつ", "romaji": "toutatsu", "meanings": [ "reaching", "attaining", "arrival" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1449860, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は目標に到達しようと努力している。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{目標|もくひょう}に{到達|とうたつ}しようと{努力|どりょく}している。", "en": "He endeavors to attain his goal.", "tatoeba_id": 99491 }, { "ja": "水は１０メートルまで到達した。", "furigana": "{水|みず}は１０メートルまで{到達|とうたつ}した。", "en": "The water rose to a level of 10 meters.", "tatoeba_id": 143784 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cbf47a1f97b4a8e0a7712f9620f1b43f8a8a088e8880a8738808e18e80c7a8c4", "meanings": [ "到达", "达到" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は目標に到達しようと努力している。", "zh": "他努力实现目标。" }, { "ja": "水は１０メートルまで到達した。", "zh": "水位达到了十米。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4a985a772f", "JMdict ent_seq 1449860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a296b55f062d3d10a34fb5163f6fee932080dbf03fc0c43a4d17105809b056b4" } }, { "id": "309beae024", "word": "統治", "reading": "とうち", "romaji": "touchi", "meanings": [ "rule", "reign", "government", "governing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1449790, "other_readings": [ "とうじ" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "かつてサルタンが今日のトルコを統治していた。", "en": "Once the Sultan ruled over what today is Turkey.", "tatoeba_id": 226342 }, { "ja": "英国では国王は君臨するが、統治はしない。", "furigana": "{英国|えいこく}では{国王|こくおう}は{君臨|くんりん}するが、{統治|とうち}はしない。", "en": "In Great Britain the king reigns, but does not govern.", "tatoeba_id": 189018 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "06e978be63e19859c03d1c85bd63505eb1cb76130524d60cbfd9fc426b8ca7b9", "meanings": [ "统治" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "かつてサルタンが今日のトルコを統治していた。", "zh": "苏丹曾统治如今的土耳其。" }, { "ja": "英国では国王は君臨するが、統治はしない。", "zh": "在英国国王君临而不统治。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/309beae024", "JMdict ent_seq 1449790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cfe0d0589595691d4e911336f6ad8d3fc0abe6a20841e5329495da9afed02379" } }, { "id": "96331e2c44", "word": "同調", "reading": "どうちょう", "romaji": "douchou", "meanings": [ "sympathy", "agree with", "alignment", "tuning" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1453120, "examples": [ { "ja": "その計画では彼に同調できました。", "furigana": "その{計画|けいかく}では{彼|かれ}に{同調|どうちょう}できました。", "en": "We went with him on that plan.", "tatoeba_id": 211291 }, { "ja": "彼はあなたの計画に同調するだろう。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はあなたの{計画|けいかく}に{同調|どうちょう}するだろう。", "en": "He will go along with your plan.", "tatoeba_id": 114920 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "78deed3f3dbaed0d14ae230c443e126a43f6ac162c004c6a3d9d29e9b7618a4e", "meanings": [ "附和", "协调" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その計画では彼に同調できました。", "zh": "关于那个计划，我能赞同他。" }, { "ja": "彼はあなたの計画に同調するだろう。", "zh": "他会赞同你的计划吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/96331e2c44", "JMdict ent_seq 1453120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "11e25fab74ca6e19c6ba5eea86d00e15249949718c74f1b8fd20549549893860" } }, { "id": "b40c224700", "word": "到底", "reading": "とうてい", "romaji": "toutei", "meanings": [ "(cannot) possibly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1449880, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの話は到底真実だと思えない。", "en": "I can't possibly think your story is true.", "tatoeba_id": 232950 }, { "ja": "彼に会う事などは到底思いもよらない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}に{会|あ}う{事|こと}などは{到底|とうてい}{思|おも}いもよらない。", "en": "I cannot think that I will ever meet him.", "tatoeba_id": 118649 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1b4c9d3de2f3cf7ff64038969c87f83f052d9b927d0abc823e7311286c89052e", "meanings": [ "无论如何也不" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの話は到底真実だと思えない。", "zh": "你的话我无论如何也无法认为是真的。" }, { "ja": "彼に会う事などは到底思いもよらない。", "zh": "我根本想不到能见到他。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b40c224700", "JMdict ent_seq 1449880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2aa2327e46774458e4d8d2543f7bca2d64de4b5f45e45448c4c4847b4790d726" } }, { "id": "0c87fb60a6", "word": "動的", "reading": "どうてき", "romaji": "douteki", "meanings": [ "dynamic", "kinetic" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1451440, "examples": [ { "ja": "システムは動的に変化する。", "en": "The system changes dynamically." }, { "ja": "グラフは動的な変化を示す。", "en": "The graph shows dynamic change." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2b2e8e58c06cabd301803d9caee41639b08ca4638bdf4a60c87090f499926925", "meanings": [ "动态" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "システムは動的に変化する。", "zh": "系统会动态变化。" }, { "ja": "グラフは動的な変化を示す。", "zh": "图表显示动态变化。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0c87fb60a6", "JMdict ent_seq 1451440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e7541c81a14f8401f74b8d2bea21f8e09b0098096a841225d80e4c05630a9246" } }, { "id": "02783d9713", "word": "丁々", "reading": "とうとう", "romaji": "toutou", "meanings": [ "clashing of swords", "felling of trees", "ringing of an ax" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv-to", "adj-t" ], "jmdict_id": 2857308, "examples": [ { "ja": "斧が丁々と木を切る。", "en": "An axe chops the tree with a thumping sound." }, { "ja": "金づちで杭を丁々と打つ。", "en": "A hammer strikes the stake with a thumping sound." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2e938ed15a10f250ad5e030eeca41e7ddd31796c5251877d6b81b082ce6b311e", "meanings": [ "叮叮", "咚咚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "斧が丁々と木を切る。", "zh": "斧头咚咚地砍着树。" }, { "ja": "金づちで杭を丁々と打つ。", "zh": "锤子咚咚地敲打木桩。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/02783d9713", "JMdict ent_seq 2857308; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "aeecfad1a26e84c52189482a3a7bfd077aa05839ae37f912a98ac881830af2b9" } }, { "id": "a33f42ca60", "word": "同等", "reading": "どうとう", "romaji": "doutou", "meanings": [ "equality", "equal", "same rights", "same rank" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1453190, "examples": [ { "ja": "１メートルは１ヤードとは完全に同等ではない。", "en": "A meter is not quite equivalent to a yard.", "tatoeba_id": 235820 }, { "ja": "男と女は同等だと切に感じる。", "furigana": "{男|おとこ}と{女|おんな}は{同等|どうとう}だと{切|せつ}に{感|かん}じる。", "en": "I feel strongly that men and women are equal.", "tatoeba_id": 127269 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "62f36bd92b8b7219082d0e5fbe62ed441bd1fe8487d155fbf164f35858265c95", "meanings": [ "同等" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "１メートルは１ヤードとは完全に同等ではない。", "zh": "一米并不完全等于一码。" }, { "ja": "男と女は同等だと切に感じる。", "zh": "我深切感到男女平等。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a33f42ca60", "JMdict ent_seq 1453190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "59783782de71cc3d6f24981f2a0259649c8c155ce8e065b7865ae118b2c822bd" } }, { "id": "77bd8bb5f8", "word": "堂々", "reading": "どうどう", "romaji": "doudou", "meanings": [ "magnificent", "grand", "impressive" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-t", "adv-to" ], "jmdict_id": 1599260, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその式典で堂々と振る舞った。", "en": "He bore himself well at the ceremony.", "tatoeba_id": 112724 }, { "ja": "その老人は堂々とした顔つきをしていた。", "en": "The old man had a noble countenance.", "tatoeba_id": 206104 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9baa7fb8bc14d8dbc10ba7ba814c7d28b8fa8ad8c1863d9fa5093b09337a65a1", "meanings": [ "堂堂正正", "威严" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその式典で堂々と振る舞った。", "zh": "他在仪式上表现得很庄重。" }, { "ja": "その老人は堂々とした顔つきをしていた。", "zh": "那位老人有一副威严的面孔。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/77bd8bb5f8", "JMdict ent_seq 1599260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "71d627c5f37d547ea7377598176d880f224d6ea4316960040442f59a01c8329e" } }, { "id": "e4735c6771", "word": "どうにか", "reading": "どうにか", "romaji": "dounika", "meanings": [ "in some way or other", "one way or another" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1008990, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はどうにか家族を養っている。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はどうにか{家族|かぞく}を{養|やしな}っている。", "en": "I manage to support my family.", "tatoeba_id": 159340 }, { "ja": "私はどうにか一人でやっていける。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はどうにか{一人|ひとり}でやっていける。", "en": "I am well able to manage on my own.", "tatoeba_id": 159341 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a209827410769fc6d2c4f68186994b82191289110387278da48d14a889c0282d", "meanings": [ "设法", "勉强" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はどうにか家族を養っている。", "zh": "我勉强养活家人。" }, { "ja": "私はどうにか一人でやっていける。", "zh": "我总算能一个人过下去。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e4735c6771", "JMdict ent_seq 1008990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "aee0f66d3cf7d1b73ace7710d4dedf674f951ad66398650bd0e961d69a2f0a39" } }, { "id": "f72997fceb", "word": "投入", "reading": "とうにゅう", "romaji": "tounyuu", "meanings": [ "throw", "investment", "making (an electrical circuit)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1447300, "examples": [ { "ja": "敵は新兵力を投入した。", "en": "The enemy flung fresh troops into the battle.", "tatoeba_id": 125309 }, { "ja": "オーナーたちは組合のシンパを一人残らず解雇するために首切り役を投入した。", "furigana": "オーナーたちは{組合|くみあい}のシンパを{一人残|ひとりのこ}らず{解雇|かいこ}するために{首切|くびき}り{役|やく}を{投入|とうにゅう}した。", "en": "The owners brought in a hatchet man to fire all the union sympathizers.", "tatoeba_id": 227774 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4b587a52395f62f8efe9e29fe2dc10c367abe65e7e6993bc3c0f21de0f2bb1f7", "meanings": [ "投入" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "敵は新兵力を投入した。", "zh": "敌人投入了新的兵力。" }, { "ja": "オーナーたちは組合のシンパを一人残らず解雇するために首切り役を投入した。", "zh": "业主们派出解雇专员，把同情工会的人全部解雇。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f72997fceb", "JMdict ent_seq 1447300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bcb42ed4fc9a9a7bbfb8683b83e92fd150c8c98866197e3a3193f41fb0323af6" } }, { "id": "13932201b5", "word": "導入", "reading": "どうにゅう", "romaji": "dounyuu", "meanings": [ "introduction", "bringing in", "leading in" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1453790, "examples": [ { "ja": "いまだにインターネットの導入を検討している会社がある。", "furigana": "いまだにインターネットの{導入|どうにゅう}を{検討|けんとう}している{会社|かいしゃ}がある。", "en": "Some companies are still debating whether to get Internet access.", "tatoeba_id": 228544 }, { "ja": "大手銀行の大半がこの制度を導入している。", "furigana": "{大手|おおて}{銀行|ぎんこう}の{大半|たいはん}がこの{制度|せいど}を{導入|どうにゅう}している。", "en": "The majority of big banks are introducing this system.", "tatoeba_id": 137517 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4165db148ea539d3d9ba82a699854ab19354c937b2949997df5b4794308e2d51", "meanings": [ "引进", "导入" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "いまだにインターネットの導入を検討している会社がある。", "zh": "现在仍有公司在考虑引进互联网。" }, { "ja": "大手銀行の大半がこの制度を導入している。", "zh": "大多数大型银行引进了这项制度。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/13932201b5", "JMdict ent_seq 1453790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f313938221fb569170655d70b190a2b299641f3616bd7f74f07fa39b16eb4d33" } }, { "id": "bf4ab57086", "word": "当人", "reading": "とうにん", "romaji": "tounin", "meanings": [ "the one concerned", "the said person" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1449120, "examples": [ { "ja": "当人のいないところで悪口を言うべきでない。", "en": "You shouldn't speak ill of a man behind his back.", "tatoeba_id": 124026 }, { "ja": "当人の終始変わらない努力が最後にものを言うのである。", "en": "It is your constant efforts that count most in the end.", "tatoeba_id": 124025 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7305febf21c54fcf0223f7e703c946d41aaf062562485bb4460c407adebc2153", "meanings": [ "本人", "当事人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "当人のいないところで悪口を言うべきでない。", "zh": "不应该在本人不在场时说坏话。" }, { "ja": "当人の終始変わらない努力が最後にものを言うのである。", "zh": "当事人始终如一的努力最终会发挥作用。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bf4ab57086", "JMdict ent_seq 1449120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6e2516b2db8fd55ba6d4fb7c3c00e366b27c13fdc46cb589f8dc9c50c766a5e1" } }, { "id": "13a335defb", "word": "同封", "reading": "どうふう", "romaji": "doufuu", "meanings": [ "enclosure (e.g. in a letter)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1453340, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は小切手を同封して私に送ってくれた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{小切手|こぎって}を{同封|どうふう}して{私|わたし}に{送|おく}ってくれた。", "en": "She sent me the enclosed check.", "tatoeba_id": 88696 }, { "ja": "弊社の会社案内を同封いたします。", "furigana": "{弊社|へいしゃ}の{会社|かいしゃ}{案内|あんない}を{同封|どうふう}いたします。", "en": "Enclosed is our company profile.", "tatoeba_id": 83527 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a8a58d7469db784cbb0af6a65ad111371fa068b24c72e0a2c29261e5e00b11ab", "meanings": [ "随函附上" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は小切手を同封して私に送ってくれた。", "zh": "她随信附上支票寄给了我。" }, { "ja": "弊社の会社案内を同封いたします。", "zh": "随函附上本公司的介绍资料。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/13a335defb", "JMdict ent_seq 1453340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "56d4c3aa94b0c6ac6784e7e96c4b5794a503f06eb43546971ce142389cef291f" } }, { "id": "a46b92c65a", "word": "逃亡", "reading": "とうぼう", "romaji": "toubou", "meanings": [ "escape" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1450470, "examples": [ { "ja": "その少年たちは逃亡を試みたが失敗した。", "furigana": "その{少年|しょうねん}たちは{逃亡|とうぼう}を{試|こころ}みたが{失敗|しっぱい}した。", "en": "The boy attempted an escape, but failed.", "tatoeba_id": 209153 }, { "ja": "犯人は夜陰に乗じて逃亡した。", "furigana": "{犯人|はんにん}は{夜陰|やいん}に{乗|じょう}じて{逃亡|とうぼう}した。", "en": "The prisoner escaped under cover of night.", "tatoeba_id": 121199 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "aaf80ed448bf85420ca9791211f5f79adb84e17c22007e0976eeff1e2dc4c866", "meanings": [ "逃亡" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その少年たちは逃亡を試みたが失敗した。", "zh": "那些男孩试图逃跑，但失败了。" }, { "ja": "犯人は夜陰に乗じて逃亡した。", "zh": "犯人趁夜色逃跑了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a46b92c65a", "JMdict ent_seq 1450470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "27692adc84cdf9be177493edea9fc9a93c6806da1af426175dfe9841a93371af" } }, { "id": "26dc9a9e28", "word": "冬眠", "reading": "とうみん", "romaji": "toumin", "meanings": [ "hibernation", "winter sleep" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1446150, "examples": [ { "ja": "どうして人間は冬眠しないのですか？", "en": "Why don't people hibernate?", "tatoeba_id": 459368 }, { "ja": "クマって、どうして冬眠するの？", "en": "Why do bears hibernate?", "tatoeba_id": 11556462 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7469217815085c407e99c4f21bcd728bb54f7f06515ce97b3bf99e58fea4d8b4", "meanings": [ "冬眠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "どうして人間は冬眠しないのですか？", "zh": "为什么人类不冬眠？" }, { "ja": "クマって、どうして冬眠するの？", "zh": "熊为什么冬眠？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/26dc9a9e28", "JMdict ent_seq 1446150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "817f9a2f2d951dd772c8511339c48f6f3308d43de09e97690f5e701108e5eb7d" } }, { "id": "8bbeac3005", "word": "同盟", "reading": "どうめい", "romaji": "doumei", "meanings": [ "alliance", "union", "league" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1599290, "examples": [ { "ja": "戦争の直前、日本がフランスと同盟を結びました。", "en": "Japan entered into an alliance with France just before the war.", "tatoeba_id": 197006 }, { "ja": "ドイツはイタリアと同盟を結んだ。", "furigana": "ドイツはイタリアと{同盟|どうめい}を{結|むす}んだ。", "en": "Germany made an alliance with Italy.", "tatoeba_id": 201754 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "afdcdd343f5f31385f0fe7d43c9b245721bd0e268e41ae41b57645cf8dbf7b86", "meanings": [ "同盟", "联盟" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "戦争の直前、日本がフランスと同盟を結びました。", "zh": "战争前夕，日本与法国结盟。" }, { "ja": "ドイツはイタリアと同盟を結んだ。", "zh": "德国与意大利结盟。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8bbeac3005", "JMdict ent_seq 1599290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "66a4ffc2d788ab1c465d88d79c8737e0b98e38b8c365b6dee112342ca17680ae" } }, { "id": "f49ebb3f1c", "word": "どうやら", "reading": "どうやら", "romaji": "douyara", "meanings": [ "it seems like", "somehow or other" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1009020, "examples": [ { "ja": "どうやら食べ過ぎたみたいだ。", "furigana": "どうやら{食|た}べ{過|す}ぎたみたいだ。", "en": "I'm afraid I've eaten too much.", "tatoeba_id": 201130 }, { "ja": "午後はどうやら雨になりそうだ。", "furigana": "{午後|ごご}はどうやら{雨|あめ}になりそうだ。", "en": "It feels like it will rain in the afternoon.", "tatoeba_id": 174393 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6592f8f5de8c5556678ed63e3b2215472a6c22111d99e3f5de64255a8ab6e1a4", "meanings": [ "似乎", "总算" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "どうやら食べ過ぎたみたいだ。", "zh": "我似乎吃多了。" }, { "ja": "午後はどうやら雨になりそうだ。", "zh": "下午看起来要下雨。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f49ebb3f1c", "JMdict ent_seq 1009020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4ae2ab112c0eb2c3062db1867e95b72972790160da5a49ee40afab0dc7df61db" } }, { "id": "9844a165bc", "word": "動揺", "reading": "どうよう", "romaji": "douyou", "meanings": [ "disturbance", "unrest", "shaking", "trembling", "pitching", "rolling", "oscillation", "agitation", "excitement", "commotion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1451630, "examples": [ { "ja": "このニュースを聞いて非常に動揺した。", "furigana": "このニュースを{聞|き}いて{非常|ひじょう}に{動揺|どうよう}した。", "en": "I was profoundly disturbed by this news.", "tatoeba_id": 223410 }, { "ja": "彼はその話を聞いてひどく動揺した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{話|はなし}を{聞|き}いてひどく{動揺|どうよう}した。", "en": "The story shook him badly.", "tatoeba_id": 236821 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a11546d42785f70e6ba50e7ed7a7ba56d3766c0a51bd303142093f0e9765bf18", "meanings": [ "动摇", "震动" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このニュースを聞いて非常に動揺した。", "zh": "听到这个消息，我非常震惊。" }, { "ja": "彼はその話を聞いてひどく動揺した。", "zh": "听到那件事，他非常动摇。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9844a165bc", "JMdict ent_seq 1451630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f068402b324bc9f0da37dcf5f6020fd4a8b2e595dd2e635b00c27b86193f3528" } }, { "id": "e05c40bb3c", "word": "動力", "reading": "どうりょく", "romaji": "douryoku", "meanings": [ "power", "motive power", "dynamic force" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1451660, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのボートは動力にモーターを使用している。", "furigana": "そのボートは{動力|どうりょく}にモーターを{使用|しよう}している。", "en": "The boat uses a motor for the power.", "tatoeba_id": 212638 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "004f91a060d910a6fcc34586f8d50e466c69b422487405561d73c2b40d6bf7cc", "meanings": [ "动力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのボートは動力にモーターを使用している。", "zh": "那艘船用马达作动力。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e05c40bb3c", "JMdict ent_seq 1451660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9d796dbd0cd978fed1b11905ee93046fd258878ffdc3f8ccbf4393b6d39e8d97" } }, { "id": "7842fa57fd", "word": "登録", "reading": "とうろく", "romaji": "touroku", "meanings": [ "registration", "register", "entry", "record" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1444810, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは彼を陪審員として登録した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{彼|かれ}を{陪審員|ばいしんいん}として{登録|とうろく}した。", "en": "They enrolled him as a jury member.", "tatoeba_id": 96278 }, { "ja": "会員の名前をいつ登録したのか。", "furigana": "{会員|かいいん}の{名前|なまえ}をいつ{登録|とうろく}したのか。", "en": "When did they register the names of the members?", "tatoeba_id": 185425 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8005257592a553da44b1966502d24d109075c30320b01c50b25504f56342a43a", "meanings": [ "登记", "注册" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは彼を陪審員として登録した。", "zh": "他们把他登记为陪审员。" }, { "ja": "会員の名前をいつ登録したのか。", "zh": "会员的名字是什么时候登记的？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7842fa57fd", "JMdict ent_seq 1444810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4291af9fad20318ff1385e4acec24c9ac087779c0b7074129d8b75205ba8f029" } }, { "id": "f03d0950ca", "word": "討論", "reading": "とうろん", "romaji": "touron", "meanings": [ "debate", "discussion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1449980, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはとても活発な討論をした。", "en": "We had a very vigorous debate.", "tatoeba_id": 166274 }, { "ja": "討論を継続することを動議します。", "furigana": "{討論|とうろん}を{継続|けいぞく}することを{動議|どうぎ}します。", "en": "I move that we continue the discussion.", "tatoeba_id": 123897 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "482a06eb73bd6b75954663f001067985c394ae3493605542765b5f1f53069602", "meanings": [ "讨论", "辩论" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはとても活発な討論をした。", "zh": "我们进行了非常活跃的讨论。" }, { "ja": "討論を継続することを動議します。", "zh": "我提议继续讨论。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f03d0950ca", "JMdict ent_seq 1449980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fae0beb53a866299e1bc3d6e61be8f51f321dde9fca0afc8b294e12f49b90518" } }, { "id": "aa03ba1775", "word": "遠ざかる", "reading": "とおざかる", "romaji": "toozakaru", "meanings": [ "to go far off" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1177830, "examples": [ { "ja": "船は岸壁からしだいに遠ざかって行った。", "en": "The boat moved slowly away from the quay.", "tatoeba_id": 141133 }, { "ja": "彼は政治から遠ざかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{政治|せいじ}から{遠|とお}ざかった。", "en": "He distanced himself from politics.", "tatoeba_id": 103347 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a45b51175daace3cc582078a7071c028f7e8c3855f1694e65b1d8e5d705a1ed9", "meanings": [ "远离" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "船は岸壁からしだいに遠ざかって行った。", "zh": "船逐渐离开码头。" }, { "ja": "彼は政治から遠ざかった。", "zh": "他远离了政治。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aa03ba1775", "JMdict ent_seq 1177830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b6d9456394cdd84502298c8c6ce0aa592dce5a0c50c376952d167daefde8ee31" } }, { "id": "8c52d34fc9", "word": "遠回り", "reading": "とおまわり", "romaji": "toomawari", "meanings": [ "detour", "roundabout way" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1177930, "examples": [ { "ja": "もし遠回りでなければポストに入れてください。", "furigana": "もし{遠回|とおまわ}りでなければポストに{入|い}れてください。", "en": "Please drop it in the mail if it's not out of your way.", "tatoeba_id": 193756 }, { "ja": "彼らはその湖を遠回りしていった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはその{湖|みずうみ}を{遠回|とおまわ}りしていった。", "en": "They went around the lake.", "tatoeba_id": 97945 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3f55f34ad9a6b71c08c00753b912a99aa501a434786f27f57df000851a9431b1", "meanings": [ "绕路" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "もし遠回りでなければポストに入れてください。", "zh": "如果不绕路的话，请帮我投进邮筒。" }, { "ja": "彼らはその湖を遠回りしていった。", "zh": "他们绕过了那个湖。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8c52d34fc9", "JMdict ent_seq 1177930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c2514c5661116db0dddca4a173aae9c7592e7a448e1e5a52e69e2ff19fc069cc" } }, { "id": "d49ecb6fe8", "word": "トーン", "reading": "トーン", "romaji": "toon", "meanings": [ "tone" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1084780, "examples": [ { "ja": "話すトーンを下げてください。", "en": "Please lower your tone of voice." }, { "ja": "彼女は優しいトーンで答えた。", "en": "She answered in a gentle tone." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "88f3c966ec84faf0ba9059982fbe350acfe704cf93f5f449c51238b8713ae84e", "meanings": [ "语气", "音调" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "話すトーンを下げてください。", "zh": "请降低说话的语调。" }, { "ja": "彼女は優しいトーンで答えた。", "zh": "她用温和的语气回答。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d49ecb6fe8", "JMdict ent_seq 1084780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2a91ebe45ca8535cf6ee0ab140b4e720350db612d3e992eec66607268fc527c4" } }, { "id": "2df626326b", "word": "兎角", "reading": "とかく", "romaji": "tokaku", "meanings": [ "anyhow", "anyway", "somehow or other", "generally speaking", "in any case", "this and that", "many", "be apt to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1444050, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの人にはとかくのうわさがあった。", "furigana": "あの{人|ひと}にはとかくのうわさがあった。", "en": "There were some unsavory rumors about him.", "tatoeba_id": 230774 }, { "ja": "男の子はとかく危険を冒すものだ。", "furigana": "{男|おとこ}の{子|こ}はとかく{危険|きけん}を{冒|おか}すものだ。", "en": "Boys will run risks.", "tatoeba_id": 127244 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fbb933df3e52f5a4429fadf04bb1ed588266ca88689288832563c09299a34bef", "meanings": [ "往往", "种种" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの人にはとかくのうわさがあった。", "zh": "关于那个人有各种传闻。" }, { "ja": "男の子はとかく危険を冒すものだ。", "zh": "男孩往往会冒险。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2df626326b", "JMdict ent_seq 1444050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fb74be2958b9dd4abbbbf12c69b9b12c2fa86311b402de9a92e7d855c1c008d3" } }, { "id": "c4a19532a5", "word": "咎める", "reading": "とがめる", "romaji": "togameru", "meanings": [ "to blame", "to find fault", "to take someone to task", "to aggravate (an injury)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1565100, "examples": [ { "ja": "先生は彼女が間違ったことを咎めた。", "furigana": "{先生|せんせい}は{彼女|かのじょ}が{間違|まちが}ったことを{咎|とが}めた。", "en": "The teacher blamed her for the mistake.", "tatoeba_id": 141507 }, { "ja": "守衛にとがめられた。", "furigana": "{守衛|しゅえい}にとがめられた。", "en": "I was challenged by a gatekeeper.", "tatoeba_id": 148668 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4e3c23aa2ef64bdf877c49614cd487b6012bdcec8ddfdd6c217171cbb27e81f0", "meanings": [ "责备", "盘问" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "先生は彼女が間違ったことを咎めた。", "zh": "老师责备她做错了事。" }, { "ja": "守衛にとがめられた。", "zh": "被门卫盘问了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c4a19532a5", "JMdict ent_seq 1565100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "53cfd6daecbf0f1eb06e7bea3c09730fe5aae21bb2b9f2451b3c6a342dd175e1" } }, { "id": "61384ae276", "word": "時折", "reading": "ときおり", "romaji": "tokiori", "meanings": [ "sometimes" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1598670, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は時おり学校で彼に会う。", "en": "I meet him at school now and then.", "tatoeba_id": 156422 }, { "ja": "彼は時折腕時計をちらりと見た。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{時折|ときおり}{腕時計|うでどけい}をちらりと{見|み}た。", "en": "He glanced at his wristwatch now and then.", "tatoeba_id": 105270 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0e51bc22c78cede8881693e0d3422cd93e24e62dca2aff0b65e26ef1b8e52988", "meanings": [ "偶尔" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は時おり学校で彼に会う。", "zh": "我偶尔在学校见到他。" }, { "ja": "彼は時折腕時計をちらりと見た。", "zh": "他偶尔瞥一眼手表。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/61384ae276", "JMdict ent_seq 1598670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "399120171b0878686c01d8f3937bd2297619908a9890a9c9ae0ae6c3e35c6571" } }, { "id": "c7ae16d498", "word": "跡切れる", "reading": "とぎれる", "romaji": "togireru", "meanings": [ "to pause", "to be interrupted" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1598690, "examples": [ { "ja": "交通の流れにはとぎれがなかった。", "furigana": "{交通|こうつう}の{流|なが}れにはとぎれがなかった。", "en": "There was no gap in the stream of traffic.", "tatoeba_id": 174163 }, { "ja": "雨は途切れることなく一日中ふりつづいた。", "furigana": "{雨|あめ}は{途切|とぎ}れることなく{一日中|いちにちじゅう}ふりつづいた。", "en": "It was raining all day long without intermission.", "tatoeba_id": 189541 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "48b7ec497553c92df656ba53a625d9aa9f1c0ab49e8d3a2d5664a1e9728b802d", "meanings": [ "中断" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "交通の流れにはとぎれがなかった。", "zh": "交通流从未中断。" }, { "ja": "雨は途切れることなく一日中ふりつづいた。", "zh": "雨一整天不停地下。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c7ae16d498", "JMdict ent_seq 1598690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5b091bae35614688bcb0170223ede84f588cfbc1596336d47ef611e49d9ac026" } }, { "id": "1aae8e7f19", "word": "説く", "reading": "とく", "romaji": "toku", "meanings": [ "to explain", "to advocate", "to preach", "to persuade" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1386420, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼を説きさとして非を認めた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}を{説|と}きさとして{非|ひ}を{認|みと}めた。", "en": "I convinced him of his fault.", "tatoeba_id": 95842 }, { "ja": "彼は説いて同意させた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{説|と}いて{同意|どうい}させた。", "en": "I argued him into consent.", "tatoeba_id": 103090 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3efe7530c4bfcd202770e1ce833909f3fcd4d86289aa788872f52412d28531e8", "meanings": [ "说明", "劝说" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼を説きさとして非を認めた。", "zh": "他劝说对方承认了错误。" }, { "ja": "彼は説いて同意させた。", "zh": "他劝说对方同意了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1aae8e7f19", "JMdict ent_seq 1386420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cb64465dca01615305be21cbfba563bd9344dc646e2aafc229c39422b6979353" } }, { "id": "c290d45d0e", "word": "研ぐ", "reading": "とぐ", "romaji": "togu", "meanings": [ "to sharpen", "to grind", "to scour", "to hone", "to polish", "to wash (rice)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5g", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1598700, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はナイフを研いでいました。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はナイフを{研|と}いでいました。", "en": "He was sharpening a knife.", "tatoeba_id": 111443 }, { "ja": "猫が柱でつめを研いでいた。", "furigana": "{猫|ねこ}が{柱|はしら}でつめを{研|と}いでいた。", "en": "A cat was sharpening its claws against a post.", "tatoeba_id": 121991 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "771c5e1258c7c40121c601354ff7f17a45908749b7b5182a60444e34e38ed738", "meanings": [ "磨", "淘米" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はナイフを研いでいました。", "zh": "他正在磨刀。" }, { "ja": "猫が柱でつめを研いでいた。", "zh": "猫在柱子上磨爪子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c290d45d0e", "JMdict ent_seq 1598700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "24861eb188e67390dee35640af6b83f62a3e4173d0692c04bf03326ac8885f91" } }, { "id": "c81695532d", "word": "特技", "reading": "とくぎ", "romaji": "tokugi", "meanings": [ "special skill" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1454740, "examples": [ { "ja": "特技はどこでも寝られることです。", "en": "My special skill is being able to sleep anywhere.", "tatoeba_id": 2795023 }, { "ja": "痛いところに触れるのはまるで彼の特技みたい。", "en": "It's like he has this special skill of hitting pressure points.", "tatoeba_id": 1267526 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "033f17452a9d87f602964536582b6317e064bf855e50a1c80ae405e6ee299a41", "meanings": [ "特长" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "特技はどこでも寝られることです。", "zh": "我的特长是在任何地方都能睡着。" }, { "ja": "痛いところに触れるのはまるで彼の特技みたい。", "zh": "戳人痛处好像是他的特长。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c81695532d", "JMdict ent_seq 1454740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bce9e90d502f2ba6d607c517be55f353a6cd535f84054c9e0324000ad89e417e" } }, { "id": "d66de4083e", "word": "独裁", "reading": "どくさい", "romaji": "dokusai", "meanings": [ "dictatorship", "despotism" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1455800, "examples": [ { "ja": "要するに、独裁とは「黙れ」ということ、民主主義とは「話し続けろ」ということである。", "en": "Dictatorship can be summed up by \"shut up!\", democracy by \"keep talking\".", "tatoeba_id": 882424 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1c777134d6f003b009706fe9b0043b31fcfddbcdc5cffcda2d5649e45c834673", "meanings": [ "独裁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "要するに、独裁とは「黙れ」ということ、民主主義とは「話し続けろ」ということである。", "zh": "总之，独裁就是“闭嘴”，民主就是“继续说”。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d66de4083e", "JMdict ent_seq 1455800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4e278cee31c79c14df3ea1dd47b257df4d99b080b77242b0411cbf70340d4bcf" } }, { "id": "4cfa1859c8", "word": "特産", "reading": "とくさん", "romaji": "tokusan", "meanings": [ "specialty", "special product" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1454920, "examples": [ { "ja": "この地域はリンゴを特産とする。", "en": "This region specializes in apples." }, { "ja": "地元の特産を買った。", "en": "We bought local specialties." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b982af91103d7378bd40cfc0d12e4ed6a64f73c20a1877ef9fdb2ece5e3d0523", "meanings": [ "特产" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この地域はリンゴを特産とする。", "zh": "这个地方以苹果为特产。" }, { "ja": "地元の特産を買った。", "zh": "我们买了当地特产。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4cfa1859c8", "JMdict ent_seq 1454920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "be61675b37ff853aed13c0447c75e9203212ab8016424361ad1559003f525961" } }, { "id": "8d4e07c793", "word": "独自", "reading": "どくじ", "romaji": "dokuji", "meanings": [ "original", "peculiar", "characteristic" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1455810, "examples": [ { "ja": "どの民族も独自の神話を持っている。", "en": "Every nation has its own myths.", "tatoeba_id": 200253 }, { "ja": "彼らは独自の文化を持っていた。", "en": "They had a culture of their own.", "tatoeba_id": 96448 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "db3dfbbf5e894a6cc697fd63101134d83894a45786539086962b253725b00372", "meanings": [ "独特", "独自" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "どの民族も独自の神話を持っている。", "zh": "每个民族都有自己独特的神话。" }, { "ja": "彼らは独自の文化を持っていた。", "zh": "他们有自己独特的文化。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8d4e07c793", "JMdict ent_seq 1455810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "08c153607e597cd1d5b5ca85a8ddd64f1f19952ae0366bba573e431e1e1c3b25" } }, { "id": "ba4cc6d7fc", "word": "読者", "reading": "どくしゃ", "romaji": "dokusha", "meanings": [ "reader" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1456400, "examples": [ { "ja": "この本は若い読者にも理解できる。", "furigana": "この{本|ほん}は{若|わか}い{読者|どくしゃ}にも{理解|りかい}できる。", "en": "This book is within the capacity of young readers.", "tatoeba_id": 219603 }, { "ja": "こういう本は若い読者向きではない。", "furigana": "こういう{本|ほん}は{若|わか}い{読者|どくしゃ}{向|む}きではない。", "en": "These books are not fit for young readers.", "tatoeba_id": 225033 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fe74f2825e08d3c3a8bb05fd4b64eddf62471278de00c4de0cd295b2d9f77632", "meanings": [ "读者" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この本は若い読者にも理解できる。", "zh": "这本书年轻读者也能理解。" }, { "ja": "こういう本は若い読者向きではない。", "zh": "这类书不适合年轻读者。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ba4cc6d7fc", "JMdict ent_seq 1456400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "41712cd289d6035f97dccd4df4d43e48d767ced4fde2b811eec1abe5990ead30" } }, { "id": "b45b17d66b", "word": "特集", "reading": "とくしゅう", "romaji": "tokushuu", "meanings": [ "feature (e.g. newspaper)", "special edition", "report" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1455060, "examples": [ { "ja": "次号では離婚について特集します。", "furigana": "{次号|じごう}では{離婚|りこん}について{特集|とくしゅう}します。", "en": "The next issue will feature articles on divorce.", "tatoeba_id": 150196 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0874866115e5f73099a70d9f4506b0d23ec568ea866e66e7bad2a7f8f457a099", "meanings": [ "专题" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "次号では離婚について特集します。", "zh": "下期将专题报道离婚问题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b45b17d66b", "JMdict ent_seq 1455060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "00f1a47022b2d475c3b744cc0d9fe2ae643f59b8802bf1fb287f3a4952373c1b" } }, { "id": "8754a51980", "word": "独占", "reading": "どくせん", "romaji": "dokusen", "meanings": [ "monopoly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1455870, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は独占に反対していた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{独占|どくせん}に{反対|はんたい}していた。", "en": "He was opposed to monopolies.", "tatoeba_id": 101609 }, { "ja": "子供たちにテレビを独占させるな。", "furigana": "{子供|こども}たちにテレビを{独占|どくせん}させるな。", "en": "Don't let the children monopolize the television.", "tatoeba_id": 168786 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "74302c623f57cca36f9c41c14337976ff93792d5e173046b3c393c8d926a6c96", "meanings": [ "垄断", "独占" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は独占に反対していた。", "zh": "他反对垄断。" }, { "ja": "子供たちにテレビを独占させるな。", "zh": "不要让孩子们独占电视。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8754a51980", "JMdict ent_seq 1455870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2aaf2a686f4b006695166b3460d19752861f25af9308e137a4097fdf6e30f861" } }, { "id": "28703048eb", "word": "独創", "reading": "どくそう", "romaji": "dokusou", "meanings": [ "originality" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1455920, "examples": [ { "ja": "この作品は独創に富んでいる。", "en": "This work is highly original." }, { "ja": "彼女の独創は高く評価された。", "en": "Her originality was highly regarded." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "040f1d254952d859d0aa8a493823391dc8759db5a412636e65184b96926a4924", "meanings": [ "独创" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この作品は独創に富んでいる。", "zh": "这部作品富有独创性。" }, { "ja": "彼女の独創は高く評価された。", "zh": "她的独创性受到了高度评价。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/28703048eb", "JMdict ent_seq 1455920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2af6c410585bf0f7a860768bf284f24f86531c2dda609bd969751feaa7c19057" } }, { "id": "d7b013684f", "word": "得点", "reading": "とくてん", "romaji": "tokuten", "meanings": [ "score", "points made", "marks obtained", "runs" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1454590, "examples": [ { "ja": "ハーフタイムでの得点はどうでしたか。", "furigana": "ハーフタイムでの{得点|とくてん}はどうでしたか。", "en": "What was the score at halftime?", "tatoeba_id": 198411 }, { "ja": "彼が得点を挙げると群集は大声を上げた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}が{得点|とくてん}を{挙|あ}げると{群集|ぐんしゅう}は{大声|おおごえ}を{上|あ}げた。", "en": "The crowd yelled when he scored a goal.", "tatoeba_id": 119592 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e1b0c17a19e8ee6a09b99048a5ec9e45bdff395d1a72093152d68c09d87c8174", "meanings": [ "得分" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ハーフタイムでの得点はどうでしたか。", "zh": "半场时比分是多少？" }, { "ja": "彼が得点を挙げると群集は大声を上げた。", "zh": "他得分时观众大声欢呼。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d7b013684f", "JMdict ent_seq 1454590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "17997acc100882fd56d94040420b98451d73b378541d9a62917003577b9ec3f8" } }, { "id": "2eb5d6529f", "word": "特派", "reading": "とくは", "romaji": "tokuha", "meanings": [ "send specially", "special envoy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1455230, "examples": [ { "ja": "新聞社は記者を現地に特派した。", "en": "The newspaper sent a special correspondent to the scene." }, { "ja": "会社は代表を会議に特派した。", "en": "The company sent a special representative to the meeting." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3077ef44892d247347049f386c8ba4510f93e4706298e21384bd4817b6999e02", "meanings": [ "特派" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新聞社は記者を現地に特派した。", "zh": "报社特派记者到现场。" }, { "ja": "会社は代表を会議に特派した。", "zh": "公司特派代表出席会议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2eb5d6529f", "JMdict ent_seq 1455230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "72e69a26432f295dc3ea2156687e1448f32600fefcd028dff1b0d8e5ab222e85" } }, { "id": "c21c8f79da", "word": "特有", "reading": "とくゆう", "romaji": "tokuyuu", "meanings": [ "characteristic (of)", "peculiar (to)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1455370, "examples": [ { "ja": "この習慣は日本に特有のものである。", "en": "This custom is peculiar to Japan.", "tatoeba_id": 221250 }, { "ja": "その植物はその地域特有のものだ。", "en": "The plants are peculiar to the district.", "tatoeba_id": 208909 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1ba3532cc9cda26dfbccebffce5043451d0be790a6a6923a7d5c81007f21c43d", "meanings": [ "特有" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この習慣は日本に特有のものである。", "zh": "这个习俗是日本特有的。" }, { "ja": "その植物はその地域特有のものだ。", "zh": "那种植物是那个地区特有的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c21c8f79da", "JMdict ent_seq 1455370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fca504002c61ef23a9bc5fe2e91570a8ba8bf5d7cb42746283401d9dbf07f6d5" } }, { "id": "c3f48454f3", "word": "刺", "reading": "とげ", "romaji": "toge", "meanings": [ "thorn", "splinter", "spine", "biting words" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1598710, "examples": [ { "ja": "この指に刺がささって取れません。", "en": "I can't get this splinter out of my finger.", "tatoeba_id": 221745 }, { "ja": "どのバラにもとげがあるように人生には悲しみがある。", "furigana": "どのバラにもとげがあるように{人生|じんせい}には{悲|かな}しみがある。", "en": "Life has its sorrows, as every rose has its thorns.", "tatoeba_id": 200380 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c551e5f905bf2233ebf617cb75b3101753a85ab2aba980e27c5b02e75a6a8f5e", "meanings": [ "刺", "尖刻的话" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この指に刺がささって取れません。", "zh": "这根手指里扎了刺，拔不出来。" }, { "ja": "どのバラにもとげがあるように人生には悲しみがある。", "zh": "正如每朵玫瑰都有刺，人生也有悲伤。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c3f48454f3", "JMdict ent_seq 1598710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3b4f5963edd08942be44113c1c4a9d020e03098fdf51d381e1e56cdf72fb36a9" } }, { "id": "ef80281ecf", "word": "遂げる", "reading": "とげる", "romaji": "togeru", "meanings": [ "to accomplish", "to achieve", "to carry out" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1372620, "examples": [ { "ja": "浪士は本懐を遂げた。", "furigana": "{浪士|ろうし}は{本懐|ほんかい}を{遂|と}げた。", "en": "The rōnin attained their long-cherished ambition.", "tatoeba_id": 8261811 }, { "ja": "姉は注目すべき英語の進歩を遂げた。", "furigana": "{姉|あね}は{注目|ちゅうもく}すべき{英語|えいご}の{進歩|しんぽ}を{遂|と}げた。", "en": "My sister has made remarkable progress in English.", "tatoeba_id": 168894 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4c54fe142dcc8c672fc403babceb8d9b560d6b462635c66e49a93551fa7a69d1", "meanings": [ "完成", "实现" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "浪士は本懐を遂げた。", "zh": "浪士完成了夙愿。" }, { "ja": "姉は注目すべき英語の進歩を遂げた。", "zh": "姐姐的英语取得了显著进步。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ef80281ecf", "JMdict ent_seq 1372620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "be8f39c81440ff615bc03cd17efeac0b090b48cfaaffe70e64d496529c80ba1e" } }, { "id": "75abef3a63", "word": "床", "reading": "とこ", "romaji": "toko", "meanings": [ "bed", "sickbed", "alcove", "padding" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1349370, "examples": [ { "ja": "私が床に入るか入らないうちに電話が鳴りだした。", "en": "I had hardly gotten into bed when the telephone began to ring.", "tatoeba_id": 167663 }, { "ja": "疲れたのでもう床に入ろうと思う。", "furigana": "{疲|つか}れたのでもう{床|とこ}に{入|はい}ろうと{思|おも}う。", "en": "I'm tired, so I think I'll turn in now.", "tatoeba_id": 85917 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2a3c66e0776d5325e7373110921ce9cbffdf8620df23fb214ee7bdcc8160ba82", "meanings": [ "床", "寝具" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私が床に入るか入らないうちに電話が鳴りだした。", "zh": "我刚要上床，电话就响了。" }, { "ja": "疲れたのでもう床に入ろうと思う。", "zh": "累了，我想现在就睡。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/75abef3a63", "JMdict ent_seq 1349370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5d2f40c42d7e87951d327db0cce6fae6b05e2daf8ebba76eebc26229816f2d49" } }, { "id": "e5f9192daa", "word": "土産", "reading": "どさん", "romaji": "dosan", "meanings": [ "product of the land" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1702340, "examples": [ { "ja": "これはこの土地の土産です。", "en": "This is a local product." }, { "ja": "市場で土地の土産を買った。", "en": "We bought local products at the market." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0905005508f8152cc83f715519bce4452275a4fa8d72d530d77fa8e022ab14dc", "meanings": [ "土产" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これはこの土地の土産です。", "zh": "这是当地的土产。" }, { "ja": "市場で土地の土産を買った。", "zh": "我们在市场上买了当地产品。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e5f9192daa", "JMdict ent_seq 1702340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "615e8df516f51fdd76a86e62903a220c0955de6457d4060c75d8e186b5d083ab" } }, { "id": "7f7552dfdc", "word": "年頃", "reading": "としごろ", "romaji": "toshigoro", "meanings": [ "age", "marriageable age", "age of puberty", "adolescence", "for some years" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1468660, "examples": [ { "ja": "大体君と同じ年頃の若い娘だった。", "en": "She was a young girl about your age.", "tatoeba_id": 137403 }, { "ja": "もっと分別があってもいい年頃だよ。", "furigana": "もっと{分別|ふんべつ}があってもいい{年頃|としごろ}だよ。", "en": "You're old enough to know better.", "tatoeba_id": 193206 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9a4623a774a860787e99e98b8bd827635659a0f9da835e5d4e20b8771b345381", "meanings": [ "年纪", "适婚年龄" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大体君と同じ年頃の若い娘だった。", "zh": "那是个和你年龄差不多的年轻姑娘。" }, { "ja": "もっと分別があってもいい年頃だよ。", "zh": "你也到了应该更懂事的年纪了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7f7552dfdc", "JMdict ent_seq 1468660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "957969e03627e34696cce054cfc53a68378df6dccf97cb2d1c92efc1aa5c4fce" } }, { "id": "2a6adce990", "word": "戸締り", "reading": "とじまり", "romaji": "tojimari", "meanings": [ "closing up", "fastening the doors" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1267060, "examples": [ { "ja": "あと、戸締りよろしくな。", "en": "I'll leave you to lock up.", "tatoeba_id": 75307 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b4d6d2d97cadac51f0c391212cc6a00892fbce260412483edcf3edcba2277c6c", "meanings": [ "锁好门窗" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あと、戸締りよろしくな。", "zh": "还有，锁门窗就拜托你了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2a6adce990", "JMdict ent_seq 1267060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d14827da3600d4cbc3aa3d4a7b9d2cd9d4b122b1af6542676aa7bd34a237939f" } }, { "id": "53a5166545", "word": "途上", "reading": "とじょう", "romaji": "tojou", "meanings": [ "en route", "half way" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1444870, "examples": [ { "ja": "その国は、民主国家への途上にある。", "furigana": "その{国|くに}は、{民主国家|みんしゅこっか}への{途上|とじょう}にある。", "en": "The country is on the way to becoming a democratic nation.", "tatoeba_id": 210614 }, { "ja": "彼の車は会社への途上で、故障した。", "en": "His car broke down on the way to work.", "tatoeba_id": 117080 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9ddccd2fa6bc6deb14a5af7710ac871ffb2053c9e7a0cbca7ded62b554d19658", "meanings": [ "途中", "过程中" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その国は、民主国家への途上にある。", "zh": "那个国家正走在成为民主国家的路上。" }, { "ja": "彼の車は会社への途上で、故障した。", "zh": "他的车在去公司的路上坏了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/53a5166545", "JMdict ent_seq 1444870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "02c7c73418c7d4a0e9aa2141de93b52f0b13713532184138e3fc8577c7808fcc" } }, { "id": "7e9c5f0365", "word": "綴じる", "reading": "とじる", "romaji": "tojiru", "meanings": [ "to bind", "to file" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1433770, "examples": [ { "ja": "紙を綴じるのにホチキスはとても便利です。", "furigana": "{紙|かみ}を{綴|と}じるのにホチキスはとても{便利|べんり}です。", "en": "A stapler is very useful for attaching papers together.", "tatoeba_id": 151203 }, { "ja": "生徒会で使うらしくて、プリント綴じるのを少し手伝っていました。", "en": "I helped a little by binding printouts that the student council could use.", "tatoeba_id": 75949 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4b71df1788cb72f42d3f2543bb54dd28172def4edb0326088bb308c627ca0e3e", "meanings": [ "装订" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "紙を綴じるのにホチキスはとても便利です。", "zh": "订书机装订纸张非常方便。" }, { "ja": "生徒会で使うらしくて、プリント綴じるのを少し手伝っていました。", "zh": "好像学生会要用，我帮忙装订了一会儿传单。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7e9c5f0365", "JMdict ent_seq 1433770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9fb5248393d01cb78c0f5032da8a0072e047f84f711dc6b4dca9cd28957cb965" } }, { "id": "74fb00cbe2", "word": "土台", "reading": "どだい", "romaji": "dodai", "meanings": [ "foundation", "base", "basis" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1445450, "examples": [ { "ja": "この家は土台がしっかりしている。", "furigana": "この{家|いえ}は{土台|どだい}がしっかりしている。", "en": "This house has a solid foundation.", "tatoeba_id": 222805 }, { "ja": "洪水で家の土台が削り取られた。", "furigana": "{洪水|こうずい}で{家|いえ}の{土台|どだい}が{削|けず}り{取|と}られた。", "en": "The house was undermined by the flood.", "tatoeba_id": 173545 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9a471afd5d5dc3574378833c8f88509374820b4d3a014b1b411d2f24ca0805f9", "meanings": [ "地基", "基础" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この家は土台がしっかりしている。", "zh": "这所房子的地基很牢固。" }, { "ja": "洪水で家の土台が削り取られた。", "zh": "洪水冲蚀了房子的地基。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/74fb00cbe2", "JMdict ent_seq 1445450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ffb019d75118cf49d8fa2c8f73b90c0ae274b5d1980fe999263e23372fbdcf49" } }, { "id": "f7f005f251", "word": "途絶える", "reading": "とだえる", "romaji": "todaeru", "meanings": [ "to stop", "to cease", "to come to an end" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1444900, "examples": [ { "ja": "大雪で交通が途絶えた。", "furigana": "{大雪|おおゆき}で{交通|こうつう}が{途絶|とだ}えた。", "en": "The traffic was interrupted by the heavy snow.", "tatoeba_id": 137433 }, { "ja": "その飛行機からの通信が突然とだえた。", "furigana": "その{飛行機|ひこうき}からの{通信|つうしん}が{突然|とつぜん}とだえた。", "en": "All communication with that airplane was suddenly cut off.", "tatoeba_id": 207115 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a1e700416b2ba1e87ed46c30272a3531cd06b7975f81f3b01513a2e20a2d3528", "meanings": [ "中断", "断绝" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大雪で交通が途絶えた。", "zh": "大雪导致交通中断。" }, { "ja": "その飛行機からの通信が突然とだえた。", "zh": "与那架飞机的通信突然中断了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f7f005f251", "JMdict ent_seq 1444900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "dda17d84539bca9ca4100d7e477b6752a12016e2cc8975fbdff722a3a2c65230" } }, { "id": "70b4d1e574", "word": "特許", "reading": "とっきょ", "romaji": "tokkyo", "meanings": [ "special permission", "patent" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1454780, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は新技術の特許を申請した。", "en": "He applied for a patent on the new technology." }, { "ja": "この発明は特許を取得した。", "en": "This invention received a patent." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d9faa7d1a648c1696408f69dd219042f1254c8df61bd3fdb6d9be151227935ae", "meanings": [ "专利" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は新技術の特許を申請した。", "zh": "他申请了新技术的专利。" }, { "ja": "この発明は特許を取得した。", "zh": "这项发明获得了专利。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/70b4d1e574", "JMdict ent_seq 1454780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "434518ea74c4d9f31f90813e47320fb09ce68dfae3a86f5061bad709c2b98e55" } }, { "id": "1927098b36", "word": "特権", "reading": "とっけん", "romaji": "tokken", "meanings": [ "privilege", "special right" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1454870, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は特権を乱用したに違いない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{特権|とっけん}を{乱用|らんよう}したに{違|ちが}いない。", "en": "He must have abused the privilege.", "tatoeba_id": 101617 }, { "ja": "外国人旅行者には免税の特権がある。", "furigana": "{外国人旅行者|がいこくじんりょこうしゃ}には{免税|めんぜい}の{特権|とっけん}がある。", "en": "We give foreign tourists the privilege of tax exemption.", "tatoeba_id": 184747 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "60df4505fbb362ef39d872b8f20d7a03afe0c835df35650bdf769497ff6f7611", "meanings": [ "特权" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は特権を乱用したに違いない。", "zh": "他一定滥用了特权。" }, { "ja": "外国人旅行者には免税の特権がある。", "zh": "外国游客享有免税特权。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1927098b36", "JMdict ent_seq 1454870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "920563b633e6aab48571e21dc8f1ab57eefc984b43fd1bb02b5e523e79a9450e" } }, { "id": "f291ca1d87", "word": "咄嗟", "reading": "とっさ", "romaji": "tossa", "meanings": [ "moment", "instant" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1565170, "examples": [ { "ja": "社長のとっさのひらめきなんだって。", "furigana": "{社長|しゃちょう}のとっさのひらめきなんだって。", "en": "It came to the president like a bolt of lightning.", "tatoeba_id": 149188 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b8e6d501c7731f72dad484dae5216896eeaa931ceb80ce46871a71d9593d1d2e", "meanings": [ "瞬间", "急中生智" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "社長のとっさのひらめきなんだって。", "zh": "据说是社长瞬间想到的点子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f291ca1d87", "JMdict ent_seq 1565170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "796e9238e86377f0123dffbc6e4c33f50e4f61405001998f499c690d840836e0" } }, { "id": "dfe5d66fb1", "word": "突如", "reading": "とつじょ", "romaji": "totsujo", "meanings": [ "suddenly", "all of a sudden" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adv-to", "adj-t" ], "jmdict_id": 1457090, "examples": [ { "ja": "トムの怒りは突如燃え上がった。", "furigana": "トムの{怒|いか}りは{突如|とつじょ}{燃|も}え{上|あ}がった。", "en": "Tom's anger blazed out suddenly.", "tatoeba_id": 200149 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4d57a7de8c95d6c3bf66718df55853422616133b3cf0c1db3315e84a61a192e8", "meanings": [ "突然" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "トムの怒りは突如燃え上がった。", "zh": "汤姆的怒火突然燃起。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dfe5d66fb1", "JMdict ent_seq 1457090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0ab7f6e256316f1d824123529ed6e9514415fb7ea60cf7457e55cefc8ea2ef4d" } }, { "id": "8be707a42d", "word": "取っ手", "reading": "とって", "romaji": "totte", "meanings": [ "handle", "grip", "knob" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1598780, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は戸に新しい取っ手を付けた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{戸|と}に{新|あたら}しい{取|と}っ{手|て}を{付|つ}けた。", "en": "I put a new handle to the door.", "tatoeba_id": 157221 }, { "ja": "彼はドアの取っ手を左手で回した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はドアの{取|と}っ{手|て}を{左手|ひだりて}で{回|まわ}した。", "en": "He turned the doorknob with his left hand.", "tatoeba_id": 111774 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ccff3c1a9543e8b1e31a2ba01189085d0aa64ccfc3cac36d19c65a4cd659181a", "meanings": [ "把手" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は戸に新しい取っ手を付けた。", "zh": "我给门装了新把手。" }, { "ja": "彼はドアの取っ手を左手で回した。", "zh": "他用左手转动门把手。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8be707a42d", "JMdict ent_seq 1598780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "709e147c2e88889dbf8abefa5eb74b570c5acb59a5ffac670c96f697fa30dab9" } }, { "id": "a75a59840b", "word": "突破", "reading": "とっぱ", "romaji": "toppa", "meanings": [ "breaking through", "breakthrough", "penetration" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1457100, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは敵陣を突破しようと試みた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{敵陣|てきじん}を{突破|とっぱ}しようと{試|こころ}みた。", "en": "They attempted to break through the enemy line.", "tatoeba_id": 96493 }, { "ja": "第一の難関はどうにか突破した。", "furigana": "{第一|だいいち}の{難関|なんかん}はどうにか{突破|とっぱ}した。", "en": "We have managed to overcome the first obstacle.", "tatoeba_id": 137197 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "63477119e644a94cc532574593511951121b1adb64055fbd602e1f7bfdb48b4e", "meanings": [ "突破" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは敵陣を突破しようと試みた。", "zh": "他们试图突破敌阵。" }, { "ja": "第一の難関はどうにか突破した。", "zh": "总算突破了第一个难关。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a75a59840b", "JMdict ent_seq 1457100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c835260985525b6f0e4b9b230c0a067b7c9edfefb35186a6ab6abc0e633f8f4d" } }, { "id": "150cea0f30", "word": "土手", "reading": "どて", "romaji": "dote", "meanings": [ "embankment", "bank" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1445370, "examples": [ { "ja": "花々が土手に咲いた。", "furigana": "{花々|はなばな}が{土手|どて}に{咲|さ}いた。", "en": "Blossoms have come out on the embankment.", "tatoeba_id": 186590 }, { "ja": "川が土手を越えてあふれた。", "furigana": "{川|かわ}が{土手|どて}を{越|こ}えてあふれた。", "en": "The river flowed over its banks.", "tatoeba_id": 141402 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2e324003e303a772106fe56c11b691ce0cbfbb393d61dd50e3ff5ae5601263c0", "meanings": [ "堤岸" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "花々が土手に咲いた。", "zh": "花朵在堤岸上开放。" }, { "ja": "川が土手を越えてあふれた。", "zh": "河水漫过堤岸泛滥。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/150cea0f30", "JMdict ent_seq 1445370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "db979301dcde7d23a9d4460c6253e5a3acf34456be695fe569362f1190434741" } }, { "id": "d102cfbac6", "word": "届け", "reading": "とどけ", "romaji": "todoke", "meanings": [ "report", "notification", "registration" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1598810, "examples": [ { "ja": "明日は履修届けを出しに学校へ行きます。", "en": "Tomorrow we go to school to sign up for the classes we want to take.", "tatoeba_id": 80395 }, { "ja": "盗難届はどのようにすればいいのですか。", "en": "How do I report a theft?", "tatoeba_id": 124129 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b56551a87083e57ee84429480b0c405b36d4063b1562105af2eb2bfc34fd9a15", "meanings": [ "申报", "通知" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "明日は履修届けを出しに学校へ行きます。", "zh": "明天去学校提交选课申请。" }, { "ja": "盗難届はどのようにすればいいのですか。", "zh": "失窃申报该怎么做？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d102cfbac6", "JMdict ent_seq 1598810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2a1be062559b31e9235a41c0a799ab742301ea079f23437825266a98b623c87d" } }, { "id": "d71baf9f53", "word": "滞る", "reading": "とどこおる", "romaji": "todokooru", "meanings": [ "to stagnate", "to be delayed" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1410920, "examples": [ { "ja": "問題があって支払いが滞っている。", "en": "Payment has been delayed because of a problem." }, { "ja": "あなたの部屋代は一月とどこおっています。", "en": "You're a month behind in your rent.", "tatoeba_id": 233036 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8d9025d3d852d270f25f2ad895a5cbaf938cfbe50c9c974015b4e9ef01fd60c8", "meanings": [ "拖延", "滞纳" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "問題があって支払いが滞っている。", "zh": "由于某些问题，付款出现了延迟。" }, { "ja": "あなたの部屋代は一月とどこおっています。", "zh": "你的房租已经拖欠一个月了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d71baf9f53", "JMdict ent_seq 1410920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c65c0315a708f8e7b11c6d3c8a5d33cbc0475b2c8494981fb30e4807451eda75" } }, { "id": "e2a1bdd30c", "word": "整える", "reading": "ととのえる", "romaji": "totonoeru", "meanings": [ "to put in order", "to get ready", "to arrange", "to adjust" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1376140, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはスキーの装備を整えた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちはスキーの{装備|そうび}を{整|ととの}えた。", "en": "We fitted ourselves out for skiing.", "tatoeba_id": 166486 }, { "ja": "私の姉は毎週、髪を整えてもらう。", "en": "My sister has her hair done each week.", "tatoeba_id": 163536 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0eb5ad582936063366198b525c413e8c4e84027ebf813431d71d630682112b4b", "meanings": [ "整理", "准备" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはスキーの装備を整えた。", "zh": "我们准备好了滑雪装备。" }, { "ja": "私の姉は毎週、髪を整えてもらう。", "zh": "我姐姐每周去整理头发。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e2a1bdd30c", "JMdict ent_seq 1376140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a83881dabb3a57c358a4feddde46b880859ddf8c0a61c756ee9775c98893c10b" } }, { "id": "e9f0941d9e", "word": "止まる", "reading": "とどまる", "romaji": "todomaru", "meanings": [ "to remain", "to stay", "to be limited to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 2657130, "examples": [ { "ja": "ここにとどまっていても何の得もない。", "furigana": "ここにとどまっていても{何|なん}の{得|とく}もない。", "en": "There is no advantage in staying here.", "tatoeba_id": 224474 }, { "ja": "彼が私をとどまらせることにした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}が{私|わたし}をとどまらせることにした。", "en": "He chose to have me stay.", "tatoeba_id": 120265 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6056c259e075b945d756176778e5317cfe10c559ebf0e838ffecf67d2c9be609", "meanings": [ "停留", "局限" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ここにとどまっていても何の得もない。", "zh": "待在这里也没有任何好处。" }, { "ja": "彼が私をとどまらせることにした。", "zh": "他决定让我留下。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e9f0941d9e", "JMdict ent_seq 2657130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b188fa3571e9a71ca2de919f333dde35eeab59c20253dcf4e4c51a84bb1c163f" } }, { "id": "7515db0cfd", "word": "止める", "reading": "とどめる", "romaji": "todomeru", "meanings": [ "to stop", "to leave behind", "to keep" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1598820, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の勇気は歴史に名をとどめた。", "en": "His courage went down in history.", "tatoeba_id": 115947 }, { "ja": "虎は死して皮を留め、人は死して名を残す。", "en": "A great man will be remembered for his achievements.", "tatoeba_id": 174463 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8a2cf7ed3dfbd90b10f4b5d2c2b48e4e2863dd69cf952b3806f34e69690df223", "meanings": [ "停止", "留存" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の勇気は歴史に名をとどめた。", "zh": "他的勇气使他名垂青史。" }, { "ja": "虎は死して皮を留め、人は死して名を残す。", "zh": "虎死留皮，人死留名。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7515db0cfd", "JMdict ent_seq 1598820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fea4416b9fd1ff670e0ece4aa1b7f1c80db951f7812cd265a55129b38da19dda" } }, { "id": "d067bdf300", "word": "留める", "reading": "とどめる", "romaji": "todomeru", "meanings": [ "to stop", "to leave behind", "to keep" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1598820, "examples": [ { "ja": "虎は死して皮を留め、人は死して名を残す。", "en": "A great man will be remembered for his achievements.", "tatoeba_id": 174463 }, { "ja": "彼の勇気は歴史に名をとどめた。", "en": "His courage went down in history.", "tatoeba_id": 115947 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9a89fdb0234b7331088318a819bdb945c966750f1ccea8a6049b2f1ab96cef5c", "meanings": [ "留住", "留下" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "虎は死して皮を留め、人は死して名を残す。", "zh": "虎死留皮，人死留名。" }, { "ja": "彼の勇気は歴史に名をとどめた。", "zh": "他的勇气使他名垂青史。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d067bdf300", "JMdict ent_seq 1598820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "85aae11acea33b1b700dcd257df5564d05da0477fbbfdaa74aa58bda0e0a552f" } }, { "id": "fdd80dff37", "word": "唱える", "reading": "となえる", "romaji": "tonaeru", "meanings": [ "to recite", "to chant", "to call upon" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1347490, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は減税を唱えた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{減税|げんぜい}を{唱|とな}えた。", "en": "He advocated reduction of taxes.", "tatoeba_id": 107622 }, { "ja": "彼は規則の改正を唱えている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{規則|きそく}の{改正|かいせい}を{唱|とな}えている。", "en": "He advocates a revision of the rules.", "tatoeba_id": 108554 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ac279b7d2050cedc74e26a8afbcbc7d18c265c8381ab6716d26a80556f162f3c", "meanings": [ "提倡", "念诵" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は減税を唱えた。", "zh": "他主张减税。" }, { "ja": "彼は規則の改正を唱えている。", "zh": "他主张修改规则。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fdd80dff37", "JMdict ent_seq 1347490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9e0c4983dcca1f2053d407d092accce0057905e2a05f449b7c77e0dc1ad51cfe" } }, { "id": "2ed570cfb3", "word": "殿様", "reading": "とのさま", "romaji": "tonosama", "meanings": [ "feudal lord" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1442650, "examples": [ { "ja": "殿様は城に住んでいた。", "en": "The feudal lord lived in the castle." }, { "ja": "殿様が家臣を集めた。", "en": "The lord summoned his retainers." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9123d4ac5fc3b7592d67448f3c50261f1cd6e57577702e07aed3eb60d48739c4", "meanings": [ "领主" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "殿様は城に住んでいた。", "zh": "领主住在城堡里。" }, { "ja": "殿様が家臣を集めた。", "zh": "殿下召集了家臣。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2ed570cfb3", "JMdict ent_seq 1442650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "79f877975432b0cd05034eebc36cf97a08094b3cb08a836285f25b60145ad749" } }, { "id": "850d0b8295", "word": "帳", "reading": "とばり", "romaji": "tobari", "meanings": [ "curtain" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2546060, "examples": [ { "ja": "夜のとばりが下りつつある。", "furigana": "{夜|よる}のとばりが{下|くだ}りつつある。", "en": "Darkness is falling.", "tatoeba_id": 79733 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3a7aa3b19cb4babf6d60c108658701b0d7bdf5d51bb8f0d829c08a567e13d175", "meanings": [ "帷幕", "夜幕" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "夜のとばりが下りつつある。", "zh": "夜幕正逐渐降临。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/850d0b8295", "JMdict ent_seq 2546060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "314940d86b268ff2177a5a971978bf1174d3256abf97e1bb595a387d68644137" } }, { "id": "9ed26e130c", "word": "土俵", "reading": "どひょう", "romaji": "dohyou", "meanings": [ "arena" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1445550, "examples": [ { "ja": "力士は土俵に入った。", "en": "The wrestler entered the ring." }, { "ja": "両者は同じ土俵で競う。", "en": "The two compete on the same playing field." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2d28753e334c1f96a311db017f4540d97500424e67fa0466d0f8c8afe8ee29d8", "meanings": [ "相扑场", "舞台" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "力士は土俵に入った。", "zh": "相扑手走进相扑场。" }, { "ja": "両者は同じ土俵で競う。", "zh": "双方在同一舞台上竞争。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9ed26e130c", "JMdict ent_seq 1445550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e3721695bb0cb151916d0027e5e6b121f5bf3d562332ecad714a6f13e67825f7" } }, { "id": "65aef9dac8", "word": "扉", "reading": "とびら", "romaji": "tobira", "meanings": [ "door", "opening" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1483380, "examples": [ { "ja": "その扉は永久に閉ざされた。", "en": "The door was closed for good.", "tatoeba_id": 207133 }, { "ja": "その扉は今開きかけている。", "furigana": "その{扉|とびら}は{今|いま}{開|あ}きかけている。", "en": "The door is opening now.", "tatoeba_id": 207132 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4265590091085d175bc876d8a2cc59a7139fc6989c794341697a9ad475ab62f9", "meanings": [ "门扉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その扉は永久に閉ざされた。", "zh": "那扇门永远关上了。" }, { "ja": "その扉は今開きかけている。", "zh": "那扇门现在正慢慢打开。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/65aef9dac8", "JMdict ent_seq 1483380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6681cc9e822569926b7d505a312c97aa294a9b9f0bc69e67ec046edc3d070c1e" } }, { "id": "ad3cb7a4b7", "word": "徒歩", "reading": "とほ", "romaji": "toho", "meanings": [ "walking", "going on foot" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1444510, "examples": [ { "ja": "ジョンは彼のオフィスへ徒歩で行きます。", "en": "John goes to his office on foot.", "tatoeba_id": 215228 }, { "ja": "たいていの学生は徒歩で通学する。", "furigana": "たいていの{学生|がくせい}は{徒歩|とほ}で{通学|つうがく}する。", "en": "Most students come to school on foot.", "tatoeba_id": 203957 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ca2863260b78df9bab2c93d060ded6c0a7ccf5cd9c880f419209230842f7e9c4", "meanings": [ "步行" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ジョンは彼のオフィスへ徒歩で行きます。", "zh": "约翰步行去办公室。" }, { "ja": "たいていの学生は徒歩で通学する。", "zh": "大多数学生步行上学。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ad3cb7a4b7", "JMdict ent_seq 1444510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4250c8308dc620d413c6f93e871260f576775cb663acd4385e03f2218d0f55eb" } }, { "id": "ecec76a53b", "word": "土木", "reading": "どぼく", "romaji": "doboku", "meanings": [ "public works" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1445570, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は土木の仕事をしている。", "en": "He works in civil engineering." }, { "ja": "この大学では土木を教えている。", "en": "This university teaches civil engineering." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7da5c33f2544444e19f84d057f3fb1b69118b93eae6030bbcadb2803af374c22", "meanings": [ "土木工程" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は土木の仕事をしている。", "zh": "他从事土木工程。" }, { "ja": "この大学では土木を教えている。", "zh": "这所大学教授土木工程。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ecec76a53b", "JMdict ent_seq 1445570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f7287a2e17ed9dab1cbc0991268c068868a8633aa3a6d01f248c280366cb36f2" } }, { "id": "60498e7544", "word": "乏しい", "reading": "とぼしい", "romaji": "toboshii", "meanings": [ "meagre", "scarce", "limited", "destitute", "hard up", "scanty", "poor" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1584130, "examples": [ { "ja": "この国には石油が乏しい。", "furigana": "この{国|くに}には{石油|せきゆ}が{乏|とぼ}しい。", "en": "Oil is scarce in this country.", "tatoeba_id": 221945 }, { "ja": "彼は生まれつき積極性に乏しかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{生|う}まれつき{積極性|せっきょくせい}に{乏|とぼ}しかった。", "en": "He was assertive by nature.", "tatoeba_id": 103244 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "572d0eefb67414918d552749ce50fc33ffd265d356f0c1ba24d6908fe7a896e3", "meanings": [ "缺乏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この国には石油が乏しい。", "zh": "这个国家石油匮乏。" }, { "ja": "彼は生まれつき積極性に乏しかった。", "zh": "他天生缺少积极性。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/60498e7544", "JMdict ent_seq 1584130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "36e5e12081deb0dcbd7bdbd660167ce39efff6ab409e1a0c5294ed74ec2a2952" } }, { "id": "3c21ade525", "word": "富", "reading": "とみ", "romaji": "tomi", "meanings": [ "wealth", "fortune" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1496730, "examples": [ { "ja": "神は私に富をお恵みくださった。", "furigana": "{神|かみ}は{私|わたし}に{富|とみ}をお{恵|めぐ}みくださった。", "en": "God has blessed me with riches.", "tatoeba_id": 144912 }, { "ja": "富は幸福をもたらすとは限らない。", "furigana": "{富|とみ}は{幸福|こうふく}をもたらすとは{限|かぎ}らない。", "en": "Wealth does not always bring us happiness.", "tatoeba_id": 84953 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "88be5b88fb41e0b47a0851e2115a491987c31c7769eee3ce173c55ee64f6636b", "meanings": [ "财富" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "神は私に富をお恵みくださった。", "zh": "神赐予我财富。" }, { "ja": "富は幸福をもたらすとは限らない。", "zh": "财富未必带来幸福。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3c21ade525", "JMdict ent_seq 1496730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6650919a5f9c28f11e4b80b0ff6e7a946f9939d1430fa58d911d75e7750a00c8" } }, { "id": "aa3dae369b", "word": "富む", "reading": "とむ", "romaji": "tomu", "meanings": [ "to be rich", "to become rich" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1496740, "examples": [ { "ja": "その土壌は腐植に富んでいます。", "furigana": "その{土壌|どじょう}は{腐植|ふしょく}に{富|と}んでいます。", "en": "That soil is rich in humus.", "tatoeba_id": 76615 }, { "ja": "どんなに富んでも彼は決して満足しない。", "furigana": "どんなに{富|と}んでも{彼|かれ}は{決|けっ}して{満足|まんぞく}しない。", "en": "No matter how rich he may be, he is never contented.", "tatoeba_id": 199491 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1289ca9c42ab7ec72c368721b50e8654bd053b976aeed781076400b842097d64", "meanings": [ "富有", "富含" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その土壌は腐植に富んでいます。", "zh": "那片土壤富含腐殖质。" }, { "ja": "どんなに富んでも彼は決して満足しない。", "zh": "无论多富有，他都永远不满足。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aa3dae369b", "JMdict ent_seq 1496740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "06364a88ebe88530fabb313d40cb2421de5913435287576d5136ef92326cb0d5" } }, { "id": "3f741eec1a", "word": "共", "reading": "とも", "romaji": "tomo", "meanings": [ "both", "neither (neg)", "all", "and", "as well as", "including", "with", "together with", "plural ending" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1578040, "examples": [ { "ja": "両国とも今は平和な状態にある。", "en": "Both countries are now at peace.", "tatoeba_id": 78110 }, { "ja": "どんなことが起ころうとも落ち着いていなさい。", "en": "Stay calm whatever happens.", "tatoeba_id": 199582 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d635b4b787fedccea2a83617568677e80a720ebbb1e7c7b9459353880f9c8771", "meanings": [ "一起", "两者都" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "両国とも今は平和な状態にある。", "zh": "两国现在都处于和平状态。" }, { "ja": "どんなことが起ころうとも落ち着いていなさい。", "zh": "无论发生什么，都要保持冷静。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3f741eec1a", "JMdict ent_seq 1578040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bb70032e635462fe1b4e0091cec07e028b8a2bced3086ecf2b86ae9b6f015fad" } }, { "id": "b6b8baaa21", "word": "共稼ぎ", "reading": "ともかせぎ", "romaji": "tomokasegi", "meanings": [ "working together", "(husband and wife) earning a living together" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1234340, "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカでは多くの夫婦が収支をあわせるため共稼ぎをしている。", "furigana": "アメリカでは{多|おお}くの{夫婦|ふうふ}が{収支|しゅうし}をあわせるため{共稼|ともかせ}ぎをしている。", "en": "Many couples in America both work to make ends meet.", "tatoeba_id": 230251 }, { "ja": "今では多くの家庭が共稼ぎで、夫と妻の両方が働いている。", "furigana": "{今|いま}では{多|おお}くの{家庭|かてい}が{共稼|ともかせ}ぎで、{夫|おっと}と{妻|つま}の{両方|りょうほう}が{働|はたら}いている。", "en": "Many families now have two breadwinners with both husbands and wives working.", "tatoeba_id": 172784 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ea6b033ad1931f0a4205ad21e7b45cef9d1a6df30f74f93595c63f7b162d546e", "meanings": [ "夫妻共同工作" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカでは多くの夫婦が収支をあわせるため共稼ぎをしている。", "zh": "在美国，许多夫妇为了收支平衡共同工作。" }, { "ja": "今では多くの家庭が共稼ぎで、夫と妻の両方が働いている。", "zh": "如今许多家庭夫妻双方都工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b6b8baaa21", "JMdict ent_seq 1234340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c0cf99261d0c7cf131f45b9f8bbecee0932dd29fffc8f699308fd89f7a166b26" } }, { "id": "9db5fc5943", "word": "灯", "reading": "ともしび", "romaji": "tomoshibi", "meanings": [ "light" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2850328, "examples": [ { "ja": "遠くにかすかな灯が見える。", "en": "A faint light can be seen in the distance." }, { "ja": "彼は小さな灯をともした。", "en": "He lit a small lamp." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "04773a54946fe41b92b36707247231506f84b89cc88bf086e5095d484b9ccdbe", "meanings": [ "灯火" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "遠くにかすかな灯が見える。", "zh": "远处可以看见微弱的灯火。" }, { "ja": "彼は小さな灯をともした。", "zh": "他点亮了小灯。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9db5fc5943", "JMdict ent_seq 2850328; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "787552726a31a687a814a260cb8ab00360bf74905c53dc31dda1c94cbed2e006" } }, { "id": "8e13072b37", "word": "伴う", "reading": "ともなう", "romaji": "tomonau", "meanings": [ "to accompany", "to bring with", "to be accompanied by", "to be involved in" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1478370, "examples": [ { "ja": "戦争には悲惨と悲しみが伴う。", "furigana": "{戦争|せんそう}には{悲惨|ひさん}と{悲|かな}しみが{伴|ともな}う。", "en": "Misery and sorrow accompany war.", "tatoeba_id": 141286 }, { "ja": "理論と実践が伴うとは限らない。", "furigana": "{理論|りろん}と{実践|じっせん}が{伴|ともな}うとは{限|かぎ}らない。", "en": "Theory and practice do not necessarily go together.", "tatoeba_id": 78356 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "aa97f440e80a7c486d186bdabf00a2288afe87322051c111c607faf73aa61137", "meanings": [ "伴随" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "戦争には悲惨と悲しみが伴う。", "zh": "战争伴随着悲惨与悲伤。" }, { "ja": "理論と実践が伴うとは限らない。", "zh": "理论与实践未必一致。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8e13072b37", "JMdict ent_seq 1478370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "298b33c60b640eb145b0cfe93db801b37ae743e89d47c21f445ab2fdfdf3671d" } }, { "id": "5c95d2786a", "word": "共働き", "reading": "ともばたらき", "romaji": "tomobataraki", "meanings": [ "dual income" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1234760, "examples": [ { "ja": "「少しうちに寄っていかない？」「いいの？」「うち共働きで親は遅いの」", "furigana": "「{少|すこ}しうちに{寄|よ}っていかない？」「いいの？」「うち{共働|ともばたら}きで{親|おや}は{遅|おそ}いの」", "en": "\"Want to drop round my place?\" \"Can I?\" \"My parents come home late as they both work.\"", "tatoeba_id": 74077 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8736b2370327d54442c0d9b9200675936b475cb28db46e9b06e7ca86718a69fd", "meanings": [ "双职工" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "「少しうちに寄っていかない？」「いいの？」「うち共働きで親は遅いの」", "zh": "“要不要到我家坐坐？”“可以吗？”“我父母都工作，回来得晚。”" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5c95d2786a", "JMdict ent_seq 1234760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "58b1ea594a9d9beaa2f0f0d06f2853be77388ae4340ce3f75e1324b84897dcb0" } }, { "id": "fd888ecdd5", "word": "ドライ", "reading": "ドライ", "romaji": "dorai", "meanings": [ "dry" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1088450, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼にはドライなユーモアはわかりませんよ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}にはドライなユーモアはわかりませんよ。", "en": "He doesn't have a dry sense of humor.", "tatoeba_id": 118958 }, { "ja": "このビールはドライだ。", "en": "This beer is dry.", "tatoeba_id": 223287 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0ea76666a1d3682a54ae2ec866582d41914a6083bf3b7d6ecec8d835753c95e4", "meanings": [ "干", "冷淡" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼にはドライなユーモアはわかりませんよ。", "zh": "他理解不了冷幽默。" }, { "ja": "このビールはドライだ。", "zh": "这种啤酒是干型的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fd888ecdd5", "JMdict ent_seq 1088450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "809905a6f5b84e6186cdc29a5734b67741a6bd8a5ef98a8a3d0777e0ce5ad5ff" } }, { "id": "bf4278079e", "word": "ドライクリーニング", "reading": "ドライクリーニング", "romaji": "doraikuriiningu", "meanings": [ "dry cleaning" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1088480, "examples": [ { "ja": "タールがどうしても落ちない。このスカートはドライクリーニングに出さなきゃならないだろう。", "furigana": "タールがどうしても{落|お}ちない。このスカートはドライクリーニングに{出|だ}さなきゃならないだろう。", "en": "The tar won't come off. I'm going to have to take this skirt to the dry cleaner.", "tatoeba_id": 204000 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "73f909a43c4b213b9811c25aadb02266ff64bec4beb714118f9b211977813c36", "meanings": [ "干洗" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "タールがどうしても落ちない。このスカートはドライクリーニングに出さなきゃならないだろう。", "zh": "焦油怎么也洗不掉，这条裙子恐怕得送去干洗。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bf4278079e", "JMdict ent_seq 1088480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6fbc89b9d2a4750e455be4cbe7e14d010974b45e00fc1a1246c0155d80aca7d1" } }, { "id": "cb0a964ac5", "word": "ドライバー", "reading": "ドライバー", "romaji": "doraibaa", "meanings": [ "driver", "screwdriver" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1088560, "examples": [ { "ja": "このドライバーは小さすぎて役に立たない。", "furigana": "このドライバーは{小|ちい}さすぎて{役|やく}に{立|た}たない。", "en": "This screwdriver is too small to be any use.", "tatoeba_id": 74962 }, { "ja": "あなたはけっして注意深いドライバーではありませんよ。", "furigana": "あなたはけっして{注意深|ちゅういぶか}いドライバーではありませんよ。", "en": "You are far from a careful driver.", "tatoeba_id": 232755 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "095bd783c5b8e47ff8a898a0e04dd1ada24c76803f240b9ce926aa39d987aa55", "meanings": [ "司机", "螺丝刀" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このドライバーは小さすぎて役に立たない。", "zh": "这把螺丝刀太小，不好用。" }, { "ja": "あなたはけっして注意深いドライバーではありませんよ。", "zh": "你绝不是一个谨慎的司机。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cb0a964ac5", "JMdict ent_seq 1088560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "034d6a04a2a15b5e38186c7eb44cc7412a1eb867dead8ecaf58fb2584beea48c" } }, { "id": "cc10bd8df6", "word": "ドライブイン", "reading": "ドライブイン", "romaji": "doraibuin", "meanings": [ "drive in" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1088590, "examples": [ { "ja": "街道沿いのドライブインで昼食をとった。", "furigana": "{街道|かいどう}{沿|ぞ}いのドライブインで{昼食|ちゅうしょく}をとった。", "en": "We had lunch at a roadside restaurant.", "tatoeba_id": 184639 }, { "ja": "次のドライブインで休憩していこう。", "en": "Let's turn off at the next rest stop.", "tatoeba_id": 150341 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "da3a7e17bde9c722e8d85fea5dc0e61ffa9a42f9f367ad29ada5be605e840888", "meanings": [ "路边餐厅", "驾车服务处" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "街道沿いのドライブインで昼食をとった。", "zh": "我们在路边餐厅吃了午饭。" }, { "ja": "次のドライブインで休憩していこう。", "zh": "在下一个路边休息站休息吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cc10bd8df6", "JMdict ent_seq 1088590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c398d1ae44af318d7b446ad36d228820b5ec046cb302257b4837788c6d6b08aa" } }, { "id": "e3426a80fa", "word": "トラブル", "reading": "トラブル", "romaji": "toraburu", "meanings": [ "trouble (sometimes used as a verb)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1085920, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はトラブルに巻き込まれた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はトラブルに{巻|ま}き{込|こ}まれた。", "en": "I was involved in the trouble.", "tatoeba_id": 159230 }, { "ja": "私は彼らのトラブルには関係ない。", "en": "I am not concerned with their trouble.", "tatoeba_id": 153695 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9e77c406bbc348525624f138e817d9076f6732e28a1c9af7d8df45ce9b818d63", "meanings": [ "麻烦", "纠纷" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はトラブルに巻き込まれた。", "zh": "我卷入了麻烦。" }, { "ja": "私は彼らのトラブルには関係ない。", "zh": "我与他们的纠纷无关。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e3426a80fa", "JMdict ent_seq 1085920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "240aac733c9ed7edde48e34f12b9b06918eae6d408197679d5e60d5b8e276050" } }, { "id": "35b3613e22", "word": "トランジスター", "reading": "トランジスター", "romaji": "toranjisutaa", "meanings": [ "transistor" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1086180, "examples": [ { "ja": "トランジスターの発明は新時代を画した。", "en": "The invention of the transistor marked a new era.", "tatoeba_id": 199720 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7a76c9db7e3ff13c4a91248a7ff8ac7cbd22dbe0b786a0bd7856a606a63ca6c8", "meanings": [ "晶体管" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "トランジスターの発明は新時代を画した。", "zh": "晶体管的发明开创了新时代。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/35b3613e22", "JMdict ent_seq 1086180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "29c99625b729bd0a7558841bf21375b1349c68862ab232a31fca9494d95f787e" } }, { "id": "2923222f81", "word": "取りあえず", "reading": "とりあえず", "romaji": "toriaezu", "meanings": [ "at once", "first of all", "for the time being" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1598980, "examples": [ { "ja": "とりあえずこれをやってしまおう。", "en": "Let's do this first of all.", "tatoeba_id": 199704 }, { "ja": "運転手は答えた。「まぁ、とりあえず運転免許でも取りたいと思います」", "furigana": "{運転手|うんてんしゅ}は{答|こた}えた。「まぁ、とりあえず{運転免許|うんてんめんきょ}でも{取|と}りたいと{思|おも}います」", "en": "\"Well, I guess I'm going to get a driver's license,\" he answered.", "tatoeba_id": 189433 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "55f0e7dc1215de00c8608238cb06823fe64b6f0258438308a6e3977b9ccc9778", "meanings": [ "暂且", "首先" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "とりあえずこれをやってしまおう。", "zh": "先把这件事做完吧。" }, { "ja": "運転手は答えた。「まぁ、とりあえず運転免許でも取りたいと思います」", "zh": "司机回答：“嗯，首先我想拿个驾照。”" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2923222f81", "JMdict ent_seq 1598980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7f4e595ddf42900d8987bab6010538ce215672443004f39ff2b9c99e716c4060" } }, { "id": "c3c0a73472", "word": "取り扱い", "reading": "とりあつかい", "romaji": "toriatsukai", "meanings": [ "treatment", "service", "handling", "management" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1598990, "examples": [ { "ja": "先生は彼女に正当な取り扱いをしなかった。", "en": "The teacher didn't do her justice.", "tatoeba_id": 141505 }, { "ja": "そのワイングラスの取り扱いには気を付けてね。", "furigana": "そのワイングラスの{取|と}り{扱|あつか}いには{気|き}を{付|つ}けてね。", "en": "You must be careful with the wine glass.", "tatoeba_id": 212407 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "94f83605b90c222bb26d829bbcfacd981b1ce39f330be0e485bbf0688c1e2cb5", "meanings": [ "处理", "使用" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "先生は彼女に正当な取り扱いをしなかった。", "zh": "老师没有公正地对待她。" }, { "ja": "そのワイングラスの取り扱いには気を付けてね。", "zh": "拿那个酒杯时小心点。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c3c0a73472", "JMdict ent_seq 1598990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0e792d12a9b4df0442ec67de4c80907962c5c5fc257326ad2425ed58a01a7a36" } }, { "id": "abfc489fce", "word": "取り扱う", "reading": "とりあつかう", "romaji": "toriatsukau", "meanings": [ "to treat", "to handle", "to deal in" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1326540, "examples": [ { "ja": "算数は数を取り扱う。", "furigana": "{算数|さんすう}は{数|かず}を{取|と}り{扱|あつか}う。", "en": "Arithmetic deals with numbers.", "tatoeba_id": 169314 }, { "ja": "この本は心理学を取り扱っている。", "furigana": "この{本|ほん}は{心理学|しんりがく}を{取|と}り{扱|あつか}っている。", "en": "This book deals with psychology.", "tatoeba_id": 219591 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0f4eac4943fd25ccf8a7fa56e0109c8893e408abeb5928f501c9e60773b3c0e0", "meanings": [ "处理", "经营" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "算数は数を取り扱う。", "zh": "算术研究数字。" }, { "ja": "この本は心理学を取り扱っている。", "zh": "这本书讨论心理学。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/abfc489fce", "JMdict ent_seq 1326540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9273d8d4d8ca3d48e9d8bdf3c64aff4930433c8fd44cf0102ad9dd2569d61aa9" } }, { "id": "de86cdf652", "word": "鳥居", "reading": "とりい", "romaji": "torii", "meanings": [ "torii (Shinto shrine archway)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1430280, "examples": [ { "ja": "鳥居と言うと、階段を上がったところにあった赤いオブジェ？", "en": "By 'Torii' you mean that red objet d'art at the top of the steps?", "tatoeba_id": 75635 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "782a7bbb44a0d255b976b236f2c55145323ddba2235a0acdf0396c4dfa1e8547", "meanings": [ "鸟居" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "鳥居と言うと、階段を上がったところにあった赤いオブジェ？", "zh": "说到鸟居，是指上了台阶之后那个红色建筑吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/de86cdf652", "JMdict ent_seq 1430280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "90268a37be6b5a1787cb61756909273e123d0f08a0d6c00f32ca3c53f66fdf55" } }, { "id": "edbf2bae34", "word": "取り替え", "reading": "とりかえ", "romaji": "torikae", "meanings": [ "swap", "exchange" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1599020, "examples": [ { "ja": "古いタイヤを新しいのと取り替えて。", "furigana": "{古|ふる}いタイヤを{新|あたら}しいのと{取|と}り{替|か}えて。", "en": "Replace the old tires with new ones.", "tatoeba_id": 174633 }, { "ja": "タイヤを取り替えなくてはならない。", "furigana": "タイヤを{取|と}り{替|か}えなくてはならない。", "en": "I have to change tires.", "tatoeba_id": 203866 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d33c6535d3ef2a23b15501b25f7610d5b7faaa50af2ee73c16ac0e3d4a81fd9b", "meanings": [ "交换", "更换" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "古いタイヤを新しいのと取り替えて。", "zh": "把旧轮胎换成新的。" }, { "ja": "タイヤを取り替えなくてはならない。", "zh": "必须换轮胎了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/edbf2bae34", "JMdict ent_seq 1599020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0aa6ba5ff99fd97f095f6d45853a0c57ee1633e24b37c01f9940e1c7596afd76" } }, { "id": "cfeca5e5ef", "word": "取り組む", "reading": "とりくむ", "romaji": "torikumu", "meanings": [ "to tackle", "to wrestle with", "to engage in a bout", "to come to grips with" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1326820, "examples": [ { "ja": "そろそろ本気で仕事に取り組むころだよ。", "furigana": "そろそろ{本気|ほんき}で{仕事|しごと}に{取|と}り{組|く}むころだよ。", "en": "It is time you get down to work.", "tatoeba_id": 204445 }, { "ja": "彼女はその問題に取り組んでいる。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はその{問題|もんだい}に{取|と}り{組|く}んでいる。", "en": "She is working on the problem.", "tatoeba_id": 92288 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b7d19a29ef0fc841876f3ce421a7c07aee7f671f783745713490d7fa3ec67342", "meanings": [ "致力于", "处理" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そろそろ本気で仕事に取り組むころだよ。", "zh": "差不多该认真投入工作了。" }, { "ja": "彼女はその問題に取り組んでいる。", "zh": "她正在处理那个问题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cfeca5e5ef", "JMdict ent_seq 1326820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "920d8900e2be97438e9b57d53aee7bce24ca2e7b5b553f03b1a9f6317ab0c9de" } }, { "id": "9ece123d2a", "word": "取り締まり", "reading": "とりしまり", "romaji": "torishimari", "meanings": [ "control", "management", "supervision" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1599070, "examples": [ { "ja": "警察は違法駐車の取り締まりを始めた。", "en": "The police began a crackdown on illegal parking.", "tatoeba_id": 176210 }, { "ja": "政府は取締の一環として不法入国外国人を追放しています。", "furigana": "{政府|せいふ}は{取締|とりしまり}の{一環|いっかん}として{不法入国|ふほうにゅうこく}{外国人|がいこくじん}を{追放|ついほう}しています。", "en": "The government is expelling illegal aliens as part of a crackdown.", "tatoeba_id": 143088 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "dcdfa97e580307b5c6c183c1776b1028b635b161663ee158abf71b7e529479ca", "meanings": [ "取缔", "管理" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "警察は違法駐車の取り締まりを始めた。", "zh": "警方开始取缔违法停车。" }, { "ja": "政府は取締の一環として不法入国外国人を追放しています。", "zh": "政府作为管制措施的一部分，驱逐非法入境的外国人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9ece123d2a", "JMdict ent_seq 1599070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b96e78916542660946c23e7e1aa7da9ba649607f08acef7b94fb36755d826c82" } }, { "id": "78d8978095", "word": "取り締まる", "reading": "とりしまる", "romaji": "torishimaru", "meanings": [ "to manage", "to control", "to supervise" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1326860, "examples": [ { "ja": "市は飲酒運転を非常に厳しく取り締まって、罰金を課している。", "furigana": "{市|し}は{飲酒運転|いんしゅうんてん}を{非常|ひじょう}に{厳|きび}しく{取|と}り{締|し}まって、{罰金|ばっきん}を{課|か}している。", "en": "The city is cracking down on drunk drivers and giving them fines.", "tatoeba_id": 168370 }, { "ja": "不正アクセスは、法律で取り締まるべき。", "furigana": "{不正|ふせい}アクセスは、{法律|ほうりつ}で{取|と}り{締|し}まるべき。", "en": "There should be a law against computer hacking.", "tatoeba_id": 85072 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "312feb1f08389be23aea5fec2d00a9efb307a82aefecd0cc48bc22c0b61a6cbe", "meanings": [ "取缔", "管理" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "市は飲酒運転を非常に厳しく取り締まって、罰金を課している。", "zh": "市政府严格取缔酒驾并处以罚款。" }, { "ja": "不正アクセスは、法律で取り締まるべき。", "zh": "应当依法取缔非法访问。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/78d8978095", "JMdict ent_seq 1326860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "dcd9667ce66836ffa5fecd844abce20e1a988043bb68d347b82d83edcfff3806" } }, { "id": "b921800266", "word": "取り調べる", "reading": "とりしらべる", "romaji": "torishiraberu", "meanings": [ "to investigate", "to examine" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1326840, "examples": [ { "ja": "事件の原因を取り調べるために実情調査委員会が作られた。", "furigana": "{事件|じけん}の{原因|げんいん}を{取|と}り{調|しら}べるために{実情調査委員会|じつじょうちょうさいいんかい}が{作|つく}られた。", "en": "A fact-finding committee was set up to determine the cause of the incident.", "tatoeba_id": 76074 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5ad30dd2eada41b613a65875391fceda1a36858d7eb0071877ea37827575470b", "meanings": [ "调查" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "事件の原因を取り調べるために実情調査委員会が作られた。", "zh": "成立了事实调查委员会以调查事件原因。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b921800266", "JMdict ent_seq 1326840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b4ba286490360bd8b13ef9d6f69490468edd46112c53385ecbaad3ff632d0c50" } }, { "id": "8302e4c473", "word": "取り立てる", "reading": "とりたてる", "romaji": "toritateru", "meanings": [ "to collect", "to extort", "to appoint", "to promote" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1326960, "examples": [ { "ja": "王は人民から税を厳しく取り立てた。", "furigana": "{王|おう}は{人民|じんみん}から{税|ぜい}を{厳|きび}しく{取|と}り{立|た}てた。", "en": "The king exacted taxes from his people.", "tatoeba_id": 188492 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0d518355c1cda0988d518d529bddeba203cb87c6fdf46a549fdc6b8d3a09ec62", "meanings": [ "征收", "提拔" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "王は人民から税を厳しく取り立てた。", "zh": "国王严厉地向人民征税。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8302e4c473", "JMdict ent_seq 1326960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8b32455afe292001426f073bc313df5e60a5753a9fad7ae7435dc319e15d43cf" } }, { "id": "926d078a4a", "word": "取り次ぐ", "reading": "とりつぐ", "romaji": "toritsugu", "meanings": [ "to act as an agent for", "to announce (someone)", "to convey (a message)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5g", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1326760, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼にこの伝言を取り次いでください。", "en": "Please pass this message on to him." }, { "ja": "彼女は来客を上司に取り次いだ。", "en": "She announced the visitor to her boss." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ce846ad23721726dbd22db889fa8208b0e24f1d4489a01e42a8303431d982479", "meanings": [ "转达", "通报" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼にこの伝言を取り次いでください。", "zh": "请转告他这个消息。" }, { "ja": "彼女は来客を上司に取り次いだ。", "zh": "她向上司通报了来访者。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/926d078a4a", "JMdict ent_seq 1326760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "95e78412bb3cb51f424d603f620e01c0d62dc595494adc671365db25cf2d7a30" } }, { "id": "6964beadb0", "word": "取り除く", "reading": "とりのぞく", "romaji": "torinozoku", "meanings": [ "to remove", "to take away", "to set apart" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1326780, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は庭から雑草を取り除いた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{庭|にわ}から{雑草|ざっそう}を{取|と}り{除|のぞ}いた。", "en": "I rid the garden of the weeds.", "tatoeba_id": 154974 }, { "ja": "見よ、世の罪を取り除く神の子羊。", "furigana": "{見|み}よ、{世|よ}の{罪|つみ}を{取|と}り{除|のぞ}く{神|かみ}の{子羊|こひつじ}。", "en": "Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world!", "tatoeba_id": 175167 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b6e70e6987ed6610e0427666596ffc8d84c7015d61fcf4ba9117e5b0dfd5daed", "meanings": [ "去除" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は庭から雑草を取り除いた。", "zh": "我清除了花园里的杂草。" }, { "ja": "見よ、世の罪を取り除く神の子羊。", "zh": "看啊，除去世人罪恶的神的羔羊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6964beadb0", "JMdict ent_seq 1326780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9a0249b04cc077ffcd8cd8c0452142aa0a2c53d3932159fdd1b5dca3f241419b" } }, { "id": "84712a74c1", "word": "取り引き", "reading": "とりひき", "romaji": "torihiki", "meanings": [ "transactions", "dealings", "business" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1599120, "examples": [ { "ja": "ぜひ取引させていただきたいと思います。", "furigana": "ぜひ{取引|とりひき}させていただきたいと{思|おも}います。", "en": "We would love to work with you.", "tatoeba_id": 214004 }, { "ja": "彼のおかげで取引がダメになった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}のおかげで{取引|とりひき}がダメになった。", "en": "He blew the deal.", "tatoeba_id": 118394 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f022eb234560707159bde290f6592f91ca36d82bd401fa7b3e3d5b9e1d337991", "meanings": [ "交易" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ぜひ取引させていただきたいと思います。", "zh": "我非常希望能与您交易。" }, { "ja": "彼のおかげで取引がダメになった。", "zh": "多亏他，这笔交易泡汤了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/84712a74c1", "JMdict ent_seq 1599120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a8a3296ebfb342c8a631ae72dc2fc675ed8f1a4c38cd38d8160c931a726c8f8d" } }, { "id": "6b96945112", "word": "取り巻く", "reading": "とりまく", "romaji": "torimaku", "meanings": [ "to surround", "to circle", "to enclose" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1326610, "examples": [ { "ja": "老年は死に取り巻かれている島である。", "furigana": "{老年|ろうねん}は{死|し}に{取|と}り{巻|ま}かれている{島|しま}である。", "en": "Old age is an island surrounded by death.", "tatoeba_id": 77258 }, { "ja": "音楽は空気のように我々の生活を取り巻いている。", "furigana": "{音楽|おんがく}は{空気|くうき}のように{我々|われわれ}の{生活|せいかつ}を{取|と}り{巻|ま}いている。", "en": "Music surrounds our lives like air.", "tatoeba_id": 188277 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d4fe624881d1b334201cac3885ed5fac166d4f34df1160ed50e95fb6857935f9", "meanings": [ "包围", "环绕" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "老年は死に取り巻かれている島である。", "zh": "老年是被死亡包围的孤岛。" }, { "ja": "音楽は空気のように我々の生活を取り巻いている。", "zh": "音乐像空气一样环绕我们的生活。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6b96945112", "JMdict ent_seq 1326610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "03fa6b3cd1f13e50b2fa88709292dc755aaea749daa9c7bee8509bbb2a527801" } }, { "id": "edbb308319", "word": "取り混ぜる", "reading": "とりまぜる", "romaji": "torimazeru", "meanings": [ "to mix", "to put together" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1326730, "examples": [ { "ja": "赤と白の花を取り混ぜて飾る。", "en": "Arrange red and white flowers together." }, { "ja": "いろいろな色の紙を取り混ぜる。", "en": "Mix paper of various colors." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c8e0bfae534a51ed307e239ef8063ba68a64af4efe1aac239f3d761ca7b19553", "meanings": [ "混合" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "赤と白の花を取り混ぜて飾る。", "zh": "请把红白的花混合摆放。" }, { "ja": "いろいろな色の紙を取り混ぜる。", "zh": "把各种颜色的纸混在一起。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/edbb308319", "JMdict ent_seq 1326730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "266254b466dcad6ee5b503becd5c806fb1714bcedff6cad2ef420579bce2dcaf" } }, { "id": "2bd8a385f3", "word": "取り戻す", "reading": "とりもどす", "romaji": "torimodosu", "meanings": [ "to take back", "to regain" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1326940, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは、失った時間を取り戻さなくてはならない。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちは、{失|うしな}った{時間|じかん}を{取|と}り{戻|もど}さなくてはならない。", "en": "We must make up for lost time.", "tatoeba_id": 166736 }, { "ja": "一度失われた時間は取り戻せない。", "furigana": "{一度|いちど}{失|うしな}われた{時間|じかん}は{取|と}り{戻|もど}せない。", "en": "Once lost, time cannot be recalled.", "tatoeba_id": 190300 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "30afa5090943a4f3f08eafeb0c3740dbfd892442a90e81af48eba32d28a81aa9", "meanings": [ "取回", "挽回" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは、失った時間を取り戻さなくてはならない。", "zh": "我们必须弥补失去的时间。" }, { "ja": "一度失われた時間は取り戻せない。", "zh": "一旦失去的时间无法挽回。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2bd8a385f3", "JMdict ent_seq 1326940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "67477a9bcdcb6f111357cb3f61768df6b494a653935460887dc67ff88fc225f3" } }, { "id": "5ce219cc8b", "word": "取り寄せる", "reading": "とりよせる", "romaji": "toriyoseru", "meanings": [ "to order", "to send away for" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1326620, "examples": [ { "ja": "お取り寄せいたしましょうか。", "furigana": "お{取|と}り{寄|よ}せいたしましょうか。", "en": "Would you like me to order it?", "tatoeba_id": 227085 }, { "ja": "取り寄せていただけますか。", "furigana": "{取|と}り{寄|よ}せていただけますか。", "en": "Can you order it for me?", "tatoeba_id": 148676 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e9dec204fc8366afa89060637fd89434fcf8f3a732a459e1143d3e668e121f46", "meanings": [ "订购", "调来" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "お取り寄せいたしましょうか。", "zh": "要我帮您订购吗？" }, { "ja": "取り寄せていただけますか。", "zh": "可以帮我订购吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5ce219cc8b", "JMdict ent_seq 1326620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1bb276165edc59a2521ac8c7aedc54963726589a7ffdf31ede744197de9d9e68" } }, { "id": "c239ea3b65", "word": "ドリル", "reading": "ドリル", "romaji": "doriru", "meanings": [ "drill" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1089070, "examples": [ { "ja": "これはドリルではない。", "en": "This isn't a drill.", "tatoeba_id": 7492729 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d9e898b60a45e775072d16dea129d03b55886821c556395749686cd7ef65419a", "meanings": [ "钻头", "练习" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これはドリルではない。", "zh": "这不是钻头。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c239ea3b65", "JMdict ent_seq 1089070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "221688d8acd37dc2572015df942181bf6df5abc9f98ab8fe071f87b279a445c8" } }, { "id": "00214393d1", "word": "とりわけ", "reading": "とりわけ", "romaji": "toriwake", "meanings": [ "especially", "above all" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1599150, "other_forms": [ "取り分け" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "とりわけ子供たちは愛情を必要とする。", "furigana": "とりわけ{子供|こども}たちは{愛情|あいじょう}を{必要|ひつよう}とする。", "en": "Above all, children need love.", "tatoeba_id": 199691 }, { "ja": "彼女は旅行がとりわけ好きである。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{旅行|りょこう}がとりわけ{好|す}きである。", "en": "She likes traveling best of all.", "tatoeba_id": 86297 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0be13ef05f07fb7924b0c2dbd022985cf1940a4bd7f04d39a01d57f40f6434c3", "meanings": [ "尤其" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "とりわけ子供たちは愛情を必要とする。", "zh": "尤其是孩子们需要爱。" }, { "ja": "彼女は旅行がとりわけ好きである。", "zh": "她特别喜欢旅行。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/00214393d1", "JMdict ent_seq 1599150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a48ae3442c86b8a9a10c0e37642d74a4b0e9fc4a2f977f655807884c5c2eefb3" } }, { "id": "4ec7fe1166", "word": "何々", "reading": "なになに", "romaji": "naninani", "meanings": [ "what (unspecified things)", "so-and-so", "what is that?" ], "level": "N1", "jmdict_id": 1599580, "pos": [ "pn", "int" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "書類には何々が必要ですか。", "en": "What things are required for the paperwork?" }, { "ja": "何々、ここに何と書いてあるの？", "en": "Let’s see, what does it say here?" } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e424e475961163a3f1988fff1f9528edaf040754c563fad1a1ed40c374f84070", "meanings": [ "什么什么", "让我看看" ], "notes": "「何々」读なになに，不同于どれどれ。", "examples": [ { "ja": "書類には何々が必要ですか。", "zh": "办手续需要什么东西？" }, { "ja": "何々、ここに何と書いてあるの？", "zh": "让我看看，这里写着什么？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4ec7fe1166", "JMdict ent_seq 1599580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2af5398bb90e803b8f6f9cfb841daad4baf731858c6e8122a1a3a54c23df4afb" } }, { "id": "a6b3309e5a", "word": "とろける", "reading": "とろける", "romaji": "torokeru", "meanings": [ "to melt", "to be enchanted" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1599170, "other_forms": [ "蕩ける" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "チーズが熱でとろけた。", "en": "The cheese melted in the heat." }, { "ja": "彼女は音楽にとろけた。", "en": "She was enchanted by the music." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b4b294402683cac2fc81602fdca1b68ffa1d2ec3349b494bb75a68edd3184f74", "meanings": [ "融化", "陶醉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "チーズが熱でとろけた。", "zh": "奶酪加热后融化了。" }, { "ja": "彼女は音楽にとろけた。", "zh": "她陶醉在音乐中。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a6b3309e5a", "JMdict ent_seq 1599170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7cdd74dc0b6c3354350d5122c31463bd24d3779848c275875f498e43fc432b8f" } }, { "id": "4fa38f27ac", "word": "度忘れ", "reading": "どわすれ", "romaji": "dowasure", "meanings": [ "lapse of memory", "forget for a moment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1445240, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼女の名前を度忘れした。", "en": "For a moment I forgot what her name was.", "tatoeba_id": 523566 }, { "ja": "暗証番号をど忘れしてお金を引き出せない。", "en": "I forgot my PIN and can't withdraw any money.", "tatoeba_id": 11001507 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a15993f425d2c68a514bd76607a4f31e3629453ad83eab7dcacd7d92ecb075d7", "meanings": [ "突然忘记" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼女の名前を度忘れした。", "zh": "我一时忘了她的名字。" }, { "ja": "暗証番号をど忘れしてお金を引き出せない。", "zh": "突然忘记密码，取不了钱。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4fa38f27ac", "JMdict ent_seq 1445240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "49eeeb3a9acde0c19eb2470dd9021e0e91fcafa31a64a2ba2eb856d61c867e11" } }, { "id": "ff9d085860", "word": "鈍感", "reading": "どんかん", "romaji": "donkan", "meanings": [ "thickheadedness", "stolidity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1457600, "examples": [ { "ja": "概してエリート達は批判に対して鈍感である。", "en": "On the whole, the elite are not sensitive to criticism.", "tatoeba_id": 184681 }, { "ja": "僕は流行に鈍感だって、君は言っているけどね。", "en": "And you say I don't have a nose for what's popular.", "tatoeba_id": 81736 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "54254517f0e7defd0bfebbceaf8dbded95415fb62dd75655e785073d66f65896", "meanings": [ "迟钝", "不敏感" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "概してエリート達は批判に対して鈍感である。", "zh": "总体而言，精英们对批评不敏感。" }, { "ja": "僕は流行に鈍感だって、君は言っているけどね。", "zh": "你说我对潮流迟钝。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ff9d085860", "JMdict ent_seq 1457600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "012395f73604d43597e8d1deb83999100736f0651b8c1613cb4e4650f60216c5" } }, { "id": "9a7c2e79ba", "word": "とんだ", "reading": "とんだ", "romaji": "tonda", "meanings": [ "terrible", "awful", "serious", "preposterous", "absolutely not" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-pn" ], "jmdict_id": 1008770, "examples": [ { "ja": "とんだ問題が起こった。", "en": "An unexpected problem occurred." }, { "ja": "こりゃ、とんだハプニングだな！", "en": "This is terribly unexpected!", "tatoeba_id": 8210824 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "92d3bbfdcb4f0a3e441d0d964d143d5cecbaf7b97e68e2fe1b042b5fc051e8b5", "meanings": [ "意外的", "糟糕的" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "とんだ問題が起こった。", "zh": "出了意想不到的问题。" }, { "ja": "こりゃ、とんだハプニングだな！", "zh": "这可真是意外事件啊！" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9a7c2e79ba", "JMdict ent_seq 1008770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "41947602f1a7468326764b2664930874ea61783afc81b6a837e0299adc24b886" } }, { "id": "d67d98f36f", "word": "問屋", "reading": "とんや", "romaji": "ton'ya", "meanings": [ "wholesale store" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1584790, "other_readings": [ "といや" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そうは問屋がおろさないぞ。", "furigana": "そうは{問屋|とんや}がおろさないぞ。", "en": "You won't get it so easily.", "tatoeba_id": 213815 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d0b0fe9dfdc8e6a01789906474aa004b211dab6a955b798dfcd74b191a9f3329", "meanings": [ "批发商" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そうは問屋がおろさないぞ。", "zh": "事情可不会那么容易。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d67d98f36f", "JMdict ent_seq 1584790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0aeeee543d89a800e45dc3f5ddf9af851a4cc4d2e8e2f4350ad719a8626bb395" } }, { "id": "dcfe83aa60", "word": "内閣", "reading": "ないかく", "romaji": "naikaku", "meanings": [ "cabinet", "(government) ministry" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1457910, "examples": [ { "ja": "内閣は辞職するそうだ。", "furigana": "{内閣|ないかく}は{辞職|じしょく}するそうだ。", "en": "They say the Cabinet will resign.", "tatoeba_id": 123239 }, { "ja": "内閣は倒れるだろうということだ。", "furigana": "{内閣|ないかく}は{倒|たお}れるだろうということだ。", "en": "They say that the cabinet will fall.", "tatoeba_id": 123238 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c0fc4142693c6fe70481b9b39662e363a81b436bc9d77121c318d03d23250ed1", "meanings": [ "内阁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "内閣は辞職するそうだ。", "zh": "听说内阁要辞职。" }, { "ja": "内閣は倒れるだろうということだ。", "zh": "据说内阁将倒台。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dcfe83aa60", "JMdict ent_seq 1457910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b7449d5080369ef08b729c91fe50bb97a35b68bf37db9352810f9f9723e0e00a" } }, { "id": "0f465008eb", "word": "乃至", "reading": "ないし", "romaji": "naishi", "meanings": [ "from...to", "between...and", "or" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "conj" ], "jmdict_id": 1469810, "examples": [ { "ja": "北アメリカでは１つの家に１つないし２つの車庫があるのはよくあることだ。", "furigana": "{北|きた}アメリカでは１つの{家|いえ}に１つないし２つの{車庫|しゃこ}があるのはよくあることだ。", "en": "It is quite common in North America for homes to have a one or two-car garage.", "tatoeba_id": 82462 }, { "ja": "月に三ないし四回映画を見に行く。", "en": "I go to the movies three or four times a month.", "tatoeba_id": 175658 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9f90f656de2ed0c1ec61228ba6976fce773b51e38d08dc59cf14bf94850ffae1", "meanings": [ "到", "或" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "北アメリカでは１つの家に１つないし２つの車庫があるのはよくあることだ。", "zh": "在北美，一户有一到两个车库很常见。" }, { "ja": "月に三ないし四回映画を見に行く。", "zh": "每月去看三到四次电影。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0f465008eb", "JMdict ent_seq 1469810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9018522eeea0d1ee67b5ad939ce053c2f6c19a77c1b8453f22875366ea6cf2b6" } }, { "id": "d29d292f57", "word": "内臓", "reading": "ないぞう", "romaji": "naizou", "meanings": [ "internal organs", "intestines", "viscera" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1458740, "examples": [ { "ja": "胃は内臓の一つである。", "furigana": "{胃|い}は{内臓|ないぞう}の{一|ひと}つである。", "en": "The stomach is one of the internal organs.", "tatoeba_id": 190992 }, { "ja": "彼は交通事故で内臓にけがをした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{交通事故|こうつうじこ}で{内臓|ないぞう}にけがをした。", "en": "He suffered internal injuries in the car accident.", "tatoeba_id": 107458 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c84dceda7be519234657f3f985e1674ed59104911732ca4f36eaa8554534df67", "meanings": [ "内脏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "胃は内臓の一つである。", "zh": "胃是内脏之一。" }, { "ja": "彼は交通事故で内臓にけがをした。", "zh": "他在交通事故中内脏受伤。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d29d292f57", "JMdict ent_seq 1458740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "728ac922a4bb2befa70f0333b2a8330d75e77f544ca1f6a6b1d50ba209bd1c01" } }, { "id": "7b11453390", "word": "ナイター", "reading": "ナイター", "romaji": "naitaa", "meanings": [ "game under lights (e.g. baseball) (lit: nighter)", "night game" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1089740, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はよくテレビでナイターを見る。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はよくテレビでナイターを{見|み}る。", "en": "I often watch night games on TV.", "tatoeba_id": 158661 }, { "ja": "昨夜はナイターを見て楽しみましたか。", "furigana": "{昨夜|ゆうべ}はナイターを{見|み}て{楽|たの}しみましたか。", "en": "Did you enjoy watching the night game last night?", "tatoeba_id": 169659 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7ea2dac0c1d339fa80e9fab84a8477c72f41cdf12b56d62a499a4ab8ab7ebf5b", "meanings": [ "夜间比赛" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はよくテレビでナイターを見る。", "zh": "我经常在电视上看夜间比赛。" }, { "ja": "昨夜はナイターを見て楽しみましたか。", "zh": "昨晚看夜间比赛开心吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7b11453390", "JMdict ent_seq 1089740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "46b815e40e0298857718dc662ba765510d01f4d4708eb73f028507f21ff4cba5" } }, { "id": "14e970343a", "word": "内部", "reading": "ないぶ", "romaji": "naibu", "meanings": [ "interior", "inside", "internal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1459030, "examples": [ { "ja": "この図解は地球の深い内部を示している。", "en": "The illustration shows the deep interior.", "tatoeba_id": 220987 }, { "ja": "彼は党を内部から改革しようとした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{党|とう}を{内部|ないぶ}から{改革|かいかく}しようとした。", "en": "He tried to reform the party from within.", "tatoeba_id": 101789 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d7e27c3664c447db79d13cb019715c73c1720e0d4d7d4956597cf00d2a72c4e0", "meanings": [ "内部" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この図解は地球の深い内部を示している。", "zh": "这张图显示地球深处的内部结构。" }, { "ja": "彼は党を内部から改革しようとした。", "zh": "他试图从内部改革政党。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/14e970343a", "JMdict ent_seq 1459030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3753a4b7f48843e67f9ba75d665d4801d06ddd344c5bac8fa400d5f9307c599e" } }, { "id": "e77eee8954", "word": "内乱", "reading": "ないらん", "romaji": "nairan", "meanings": [ "civil war", "insurrection", "rebellion", "domestic conflict" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1459460, "examples": [ { "ja": "イングランドはかつて内乱で分裂したことがあった。", "furigana": "イングランドはかつて{内乱|ないらん}で{分裂|ぶんれつ}したことがあった。", "en": "England was once torn by civil war.", "tatoeba_id": 228399 }, { "ja": "その国で内乱が勃発する可能性がないとは断言できない。", "furigana": "その{国|くに}で{内乱|ないらん}が{勃発|ぼっぱつ}する{可能性|かのうせい}がないとは{断言|だんげん}できない。", "en": "We cannot rule out the possibility that civil war will break out in that country.", "tatoeba_id": 210649 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b0a2abba156f0962270d51068033b06d5e7aaaed53ee5f856d5f9af1e8a68856", "meanings": [ "内乱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "イングランドはかつて内乱で分裂したことがあった。", "zh": "英格兰曾因内乱而分裂。" }, { "ja": "その国で内乱が勃発する可能性がないとは断言できない。", "zh": "不能断言那个国家没有爆发内乱的可能。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e77eee8954", "JMdict ent_seq 1459460; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8afc90f0a65366cbba681c9bbbe0c502980622ab8c6768d71b8d5132beced0c3" } }, { "id": "ee686f4d3d", "word": "内陸", "reading": "ないりく", "romaji": "nairiku", "meanings": [ "inland" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1459500, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は中国の内陸を旅行しました。", "en": "He traveled through inland China.", "tatoeba_id": 13714045 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3444dd95fdc3a8d3f5f3749b401a49ea663da88b1ec1cabbeff08379cdb11af7", "meanings": [ "内陆" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は中国の内陸を旅行しました。", "zh": "他在中国内陆旅行过。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ee686f4d3d", "JMdict ent_seq 1459500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7086cf6eb589cb7e4dcbda31f11d83544a6d4a9183b75a1b068ae6ff214ab1b7" } }, { "id": "c0f7ee5ea3", "word": "苗", "reading": "なえ", "romaji": "nae", "meanings": [ "seedling", "young plant" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1490470, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は種からトマトの苗を育てた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{種|たね}からトマトの{苗|なえ}を{育|そだ}てた。", "en": "He raised tomato plants from seed.", "tatoeba_id": 104440 }, { "ja": "冬の間は苗を鉢植えにする。", "furigana": "{冬|ふゆ}の{間|あいだ}は{苗|なえ}を{鉢植|はちう}えにする。", "en": "The young plants are potted during the winter.", "tatoeba_id": 124365 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2486b8b477d374efaf26e592190a80f0b2ff20c5ee20ba510170916728f78090", "meanings": [ "幼苗" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は種からトマトの苗を育てた。", "zh": "他用种子培育了番茄苗。" }, { "ja": "冬の間は苗を鉢植えにする。", "zh": "冬天把幼苗种在花盆里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c0f7ee5ea3", "JMdict ent_seq 1490470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "27fa5e2079ae15cfeb1d5016c560bca9143f5f5d6a8da75a0f38d2bec87c64b3" } }, { "id": "5311aefc83", "word": "尚更", "reading": "なおさら", "romaji": "naosara", "meanings": [ "all the more", "still less" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1349320, "examples": [ { "ja": "期待していたので、尚更がっかりした。", "furigana": "{期待|きたい}していたので、{尚更|なおさら}がっかりした。", "en": "I was all the more disappointed because of my expectations.", "tatoeba_id": 159718 }, { "ja": "彼には欠点があるからなおさら好きだ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}には{欠点|けってん}があるからなおさら{好|す}きだ。", "en": "I like him all the better for his faults.", "tatoeba_id": 118874 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ef5baa1b623ae0f1f61c496cff4197556ed151b459ddfef3ea38de5e9cbc710d", "meanings": [ "更加" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "期待していたので、尚更がっかりした。", "zh": "因为抱了期待，所以更加失望。" }, { "ja": "彼には欠点があるからなおさら好きだ。", "zh": "我正因为他有缺点才更喜欢他。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5311aefc83", "JMdict ent_seq 1349320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "851953bdc2d91daecfd9ad24fe514a1265171c58d9ad9475a02db9aec3291a3e" } }, { "id": "2b6f94e367", "word": "流し", "reading": "ながし", "romaji": "nagashi", "meanings": [ "sink", "cruising (taxi)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1552100, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は流しのタクシーを止めた。", "en": "He hailed a cruising taxi.", "tatoeba_id": 99021 }, { "ja": "お皿を流しに置いてもらえますか。", "furigana": "お{皿|さら}を{流|なが}しに{置|お}いてもらえますか。", "en": "Would you put the dishes in the sink?", "tatoeba_id": 227128 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "56553d28f8a7856b8de95a71d68d21a6456d4f42a17df49f3d737618dce06423", "meanings": [ "水槽", "巡游" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は流しのタクシーを止めた。", "zh": "他拦下了一辆巡游出租车。" }, { "ja": "お皿を流しに置いてもらえますか。", "zh": "可以把盘子放进水槽吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2b6f94e367", "JMdict ent_seq 1552100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "51faca51f0469caa989f01c71ad0d58a44c771b725def2cac525118c58c881e3" } }, { "id": "a45d9c6b07", "word": "長々", "reading": "ながなが", "romaji": "naganaga", "meanings": [ "long", "drawn-out", "very long" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv-to", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1599440, "examples": [ { "ja": "ジョンは長いすに長々と寝そべっていた。", "en": "John stretched out on the couch.", "tatoeba_id": 215240 }, { "ja": "先生は時間を守ることの大切さについて長々と述べた。", "en": "Our teacher dwelt on the importance of punctuality.", "tatoeba_id": 141569 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d56d95669e536be0e7b0c47d11a735433fdcff5e131bd3178fb3352abe9abd5e", "meanings": [ "长时间", "伸长" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ジョンは長いすに長々と寝そべっていた。", "zh": "约翰伸直身体躺在沙发上。" }, { "ja": "先生は時間を守ることの大切さについて長々と述べた。", "zh": "老师长篇大论地讲述守时的重要性。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a45d9c6b07", "JMdict ent_seq 1599440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "aa23ea029812753064017853060972b51956397c42a71e63827b73cfde7273f7" } }, { "id": "356de62d21", "word": "中程", "reading": "なかほど", "romaji": "nakahodo", "meanings": [ "middle", "midway" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1424990, "examples": [ { "ja": "バスの中ほどへ詰めて下さい。", "en": "Move into the bus, please!", "tatoeba_id": 126552 }, { "ja": "どうぞ中ほどへお進み下さい。", "en": "Pass down the car, please.", "tatoeba_id": 201258 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9ecd4e31fc566f35b7a39738b9b812abf7e9f427d6ca763b09da518294c11e1b", "meanings": [ "中间" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "バスの中ほどへ詰めて下さい。", "zh": "请往公交车中部挤一挤。" }, { "ja": "どうぞ中ほどへお進み下さい。", "zh": "请往中间走。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/356de62d21", "JMdict ent_seq 1424990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0ec7c7afce12508ab3dd4792ac9af4e8f18a53cdc4004f726c493b103a6534f8" } }, { "id": "cfcf176af8", "word": "嘆く", "reading": "なげく", "romaji": "nageku", "meanings": [ "to sigh", "to lament", "to grieve" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1418090, "examples": [ { "ja": "「財布を無くした」ジョンは嘆いた。", "furigana": "「{財布|さいふ}を{無|な}くした」ジョンは{嘆|なげ}いた。", "en": "\"I lost my wallet,\" lamented John.", "tatoeba_id": 236325 }, { "ja": "過ぎ去ったことを嘆いてもしょうがない。", "furigana": "{過|す}ぎ{去|さ}ったことを{嘆|なげ}いてもしょうがない。", "en": "It is no use crying over spilt milk.", "tatoeba_id": 186515 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "328478beb77c9c348776af93f61ae79a8c1ed9037ee1d293dffb0cac9afa953f", "meanings": [ "叹息", "悲叹" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "「財布を無くした」ジョンは嘆いた。", "zh": "“钱包丢了。”约翰叹道。" }, { "ja": "過ぎ去ったことを嘆いてもしょうがない。", "zh": "为过去的事悲叹也没有用。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cfcf176af8", "JMdict ent_seq 1418090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8e37f735ce546f8bba9352d0ded845aaf228dd47e01f8276bc6a184b7a70c29b" } }, { "id": "df0769de6d", "word": "投げ出す", "reading": "なげだす", "romaji": "nagedasu", "meanings": [ "to throw down", "to abandon", "to sacrifice", "to throw out" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1447040, "examples": [ { "ja": "運転手は運転台からもんどり打って投げ出された。", "furigana": "{運転手|うんてんしゅ}は{運転台|うんてんだい}からもんどり{打|う}って{投|な}げ{出|だ}された。", "en": "The driver was thrown from his seat head over heels.", "tatoeba_id": 189440 }, { "ja": "私は新聞を投げ出した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{新聞|しんぶん}を{投|な}げ{出|だ}した。", "en": "I threw down the newspaper.", "tatoeba_id": 155705 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ceda971eb64d3c258850d519e23fb80344cc45d86012f16da6832535d39f1238", "meanings": [ "扔出", "放弃" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "運転手は運転台からもんどり打って投げ出された。", "zh": "司机从驾驶室翻滚着被甩了出去。" }, { "ja": "私は新聞を投げ出した。", "zh": "我扔下了报纸。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/df0769de6d", "JMdict ent_seq 1447040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2ae243da0b936d721fbd9daf124608bb6bc5d290150396a1a208ca22bbd8af93" } }, { "id": "08c6648742", "word": "仲人", "reading": "なこうど", "romaji": "nakoudo", "meanings": [ "go-between", "matchmaker" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1425960, "other_readings": [ "ちゅうにん" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの夫婦は私たちの仲人です。", "en": "That couple is our go-between.", "tatoeba_id": 13714060 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "86a946ec105a6a4a4f5b26e4f29b55e7267d4707cf70db2563b54b63adbcfd24", "meanings": [ "媒人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの夫婦は私たちの仲人です。", "zh": "那对夫妇是我们的媒人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/08c6648742", "JMdict ent_seq 1425960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2f9c66b86ee470ed15e21704e5b942d83d97f28b19b9956daf5dd2c445effc12" } }, { "id": "c4f8f62a17", "word": "和やか", "reading": "なごやか", "romaji": "nagoyaka", "meanings": [ "mild", "calm", "gentle", "quiet", "harmonious" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1561940, "examples": [ { "ja": "オフィスにはなごやかな雰囲気がある。", "furigana": "オフィスにはなごやかな{雰囲気|ふんいき}がある。", "en": "There is a friendly atmosphere in the office.", "tatoeba_id": 227557 }, { "ja": "会議は和やかな雰囲気で進んだ。", "en": "The meeting proceeded in a friendly atmosphere." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9a804a0e4e60de731eceae4771d5ffd089786040774521143abd96dcb6609824", "meanings": [ "和睦", "温和" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "オフィスにはなごやかな雰囲気がある。", "zh": "办公室里气氛融洽。" }, { "ja": "会議は和やかな雰囲気で進んだ。", "zh": "会议在和睦的气氛中进行。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c4f8f62a17", "JMdict ent_seq 1561940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "355b09067b2051222e194b73535c51f5d308a2a332025e8313a5e30309fd416f" } }, { "id": "f0daebddc3", "word": "名残", "reading": "なごり", "romaji": "nagori", "meanings": [ "remains", "traces", "memory" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1531530, "examples": [ { "ja": "大聖堂は西の扉にロマネスク様式の名残があり、半円状のアーチを見ることができる。", "en": "There are traces of Romanesque style at the west gate of the cathedral, such as a semi-circular arch.", "tatoeba_id": 1106325 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "405b79c40d6ac1076c45289dd53b94204a8b88dc33592778b2a808f80c8f9f99", "meanings": [ "遗迹", "余韵" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大聖堂は西の扉にロマネスク様式の名残があり、半円状のアーチを見ることができる。", "zh": "大教堂西门留有罗马式风格的痕迹，可以看到半圆拱门。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f0daebddc3", "JMdict ent_seq 1531530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "660308629081a4e43e736a0fc9934194e32e7c93538f31ae5c1a7c42b3dd1234" } }, { "id": "0d977668eb", "word": "情け", "reading": "なさけ", "romaji": "nasake", "meanings": [ "sympathy", "compassion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1356220, "examples": [ { "ja": "旅は道連れ世は情け。", "furigana": "{旅|たび}は{道連|みちづ}れ{世|よ}は{情|なさ}け。", "en": "No road is long with good company.", "tatoeba_id": 78197 }, { "ja": "だれもがその囚人に情けをかけた。", "furigana": "だれもがその{囚人|しゅうじん}に{情|なさ}けをかけた。", "en": "Everybody showed sympathy toward the prisoner.", "tatoeba_id": 203137 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ca3c0c7d5cca8f7690323170020ff3d3a4ffa443bdfe4a813ec58b46cdf3e2a7", "meanings": [ "同情", "人情" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "旅は道連れ世は情け。", "zh": "旅途靠同伴，世间靠人情。" }, { "ja": "だれもがその囚人に情けをかけた。", "zh": "大家都同情那位囚犯。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0d977668eb", "JMdict ent_seq 1356220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "74e9f95df530d9e100833113c3a3da415c0d927240cca0d778afb3899fd9f4b5" } }, { "id": "1208bff351", "word": "情け深い", "reading": "なさけぶかい", "romaji": "nasakebukai", "meanings": [ "tender-hearted", "compassionate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1599490, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は困っている人に情け深い。", "en": "She is compassionate toward people in need." }, { "ja": "彼は情け深い人だ。", "en": "He is a compassionate person." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d2a546af90881abb9815791f70f57b08f0930942d4bd956697253c7cc62f9468", "meanings": [ "富有同情心" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は困っている人に情け深い。", "zh": "她对有困难的人很有同情心。" }, { "ja": "彼は情け深い人だ。", "zh": "他是个心地善良的人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1208bff351", "JMdict ent_seq 1599490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "403bbdc391ca90b0a1da7894898c819fa0238c78a6c427969e445966748ab5fc" } }, { "id": "4956c845dc", "word": "詰る", "reading": "なじる", "romaji": "najiru", "meanings": [ "to rebuke", "to scold", "to tell off" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1226560, "examples": [ { "ja": "世の中をなじる者は世の中からなじられる。", "furigana": "{世|よ}の{中|なか}をなじる{者|もの}は{世|よ}の{中|なか}からなじられる。", "en": "He who rebukes the world is rebuked by the world.", "tatoeba_id": 143468 }, { "ja": "「その人なんて言ってたんスか？」「露語が全く通じなかったので露語でなじってやった」", "en": "\"What was that person saying?\" \"He couldn't communicate in Russian at all so I told him off in Russian.\"", "tatoeba_id": 77025 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d4433fee2021a350a66d901e5627e66af287b39a727d34dbf48bed5afc3a5ede", "meanings": [ "责骂", "责问" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "世の中をなじる者は世の中からなじられる。", "zh": "指责世间的人也会受到世间的指责。" }, { "ja": "「その人なんて言ってたんスか？」「露語が全く通じなかったので露語でなじってやった」", "zh": "“那个人说了什么？”“俄语完全不通，所以我用俄语骂了他。”" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4956c845dc", "JMdict ent_seq 1226560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fe3c1f2fb6f07b4e472e8961082a506956ae7734dea43a57e5e741fcf1b4a6b5" } }, { "id": "a299ed22cd", "word": "名高い", "reading": "なだかい", "romaji": "nadakai", "meanings": [ "famous", "celebrated", "well-known" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1531490, "examples": [ { "ja": "その教授はシェークスピアの研究で名高い。", "furigana": "その{教授|きょうじゅ}はシェークスピアの{研究|けんきゅう}で{名高|なだか}い。", "en": "The professor is noted for his study of Shakespeare.", "tatoeba_id": 211401 }, { "ja": "彼女は歌手として名高い。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{歌手|かしゅ}として{名高|なだか}い。", "en": "She is famous as a singer.", "tatoeba_id": 90818 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f4bdea3e47b5d0d291690c9753a6c5848446bc29e0bf9f090d2d7cd7e065dfcd", "meanings": [ "有名" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その教授はシェークスピアの研究で名高い。", "zh": "那位教授以莎士比亚研究闻名。" }, { "ja": "彼女は歌手として名高い。", "zh": "她作为歌手很有名。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a299ed22cd", "JMdict ent_seq 1531490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "70710175e46c45fed2ab26d70b72b8c5987dbfcc48312f30e75280a2bacd770b" } }, { "id": "cde25b33c0", "word": "雪崩", "reading": "なだれ", "romaji": "nadare", "meanings": [ "avalanche" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1386690, "examples": [ { "ja": "雪崩で道路がふさがった。", "furigana": "{雪崩|なだれ}で{道路|どうろ}がふさがった。", "en": "The road was blocked by an avalanche.", "tatoeba_id": 141957 }, { "ja": "今頃の時期はなだれに注意しなければならない。", "en": "You have to watch out for avalanches at this time of the year.", "tatoeba_id": 172414 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "86c932a59a43c66055b655a5a7165ff4e4689bca32ecb1a2987d878d7335310e", "meanings": [ "雪崩" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "雪崩で道路がふさがった。", "zh": "雪崩堵住了道路。" }, { "ja": "今頃の時期はなだれに注意しなければならない。", "zh": "这个季节必须注意雪崩。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cde25b33c0", "JMdict ent_seq 1386690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "93c71727f41ef9bdadc64cb99f64f37f30e0fc6233aa93fcb0fd62b247f59c1b" } }, { "id": "c714cc1e51", "word": "懐く", "reading": "なつく", "romaji": "natsuku", "meanings": [ "to become emotionally attached" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1200510, "examples": [ { "ja": "この犬はこの猫よりも私たちになつく。", "furigana": "この{犬|いぬ}はこの{猫|ねこ}よりも{私|わたし}たちになつく。", "en": "This dog is more attached to us than this cat.", "tatoeba_id": 222106 }, { "ja": "その学校の児童はみんなその新しい先生になついた。", "furigana": "その{学校|がっこう}の{児童|じどう}はみんなその{新|あたら}しい{先生|せんせい}になついた。", "en": "Every child in the school took to the new teacher.", "tatoeba_id": 211671 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8bf0c01e8eb78c59d59acda6616aa2a781602c46042176a4e13f4afc05ca68fa", "meanings": [ "亲近", "依恋" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この犬はこの猫よりも私たちになつく。", "zh": "这只狗比那只猫更亲近我们。" }, { "ja": "その学校の児童はみんなその新しい先生になついた。", "zh": "那所学校的孩子都喜欢上了新老师。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c714cc1e51", "JMdict ent_seq 1200510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "10e423832f4464d13e47f0e1723d00bd4515572007049a19c7e34d51cf9daf1a" } }, { "id": "5d2540f37c", "word": "名付ける", "reading": "なづける", "romaji": "nazukeru", "meanings": [ "to name (someone)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1531790, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は子猫をジャガーと名付けた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{子猫|こねこ}をジャガーと{名付|なづ}けた。", "en": "She called the kitten \"Jaguar\".", "tatoeba_id": 89703 }, { "ja": "私たちはその猫をミミと名付けた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちはその{猫|ねこ}をミミと{名付|なづ}けた。", "en": "We named the cat Mimi.", "tatoeba_id": 166355 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "37b3db5e44a469c037e495b8451948ccec00b372d821f3f69cac36f32f484b30", "meanings": [ "命名" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は子猫をジャガーと名付けた。", "zh": "她把小猫取名叫捷豹。" }, { "ja": "私たちはその猫をミミと名付けた。", "zh": "我们把那只猫取名叫咪咪。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5d2540f37c", "JMdict ent_seq 1531790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "48d6e560c3521ccb3169dcda727d29c0c89cbc7514ef2e19d6ec3507ee877710" } }, { "id": "28c61d9d2a", "word": "何気ない", "reading": "なにげない", "romaji": "nanigenai", "meanings": [ "casual", "unconcerned" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1599570, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はその本に何気なく目をやった。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はその{本|ほん}に{何気|なにげ}なく{目|め}をやった。", "en": "She took a casual glance at the book.", "tatoeba_id": 92299 }, { "ja": "私は何気なくその雑誌を見た。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{何気|なにげ}なくその{雑誌|ざっし}を{見|み}た。", "en": "I took a casual look at the magazine.", "tatoeba_id": 158107 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1fa1c03ec7f4c452c1eea77f4e45a34037743ce8a64af68083fcef350e71686e", "meanings": [ "漫不经心", "无意" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はその本に何気なく目をやった。", "zh": "她漫不经心地瞥了一眼那本书。" }, { "ja": "私は何気なくその雑誌を見た。", "zh": "我随意看了看那本杂志。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/28c61d9d2a", "JMdict ent_seq 1599570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fb35ade420e392f585a062bc34f417927dbc74023be00bd7254db85061fb7ace" } }, { "id": "9570ac7fed", "word": "何卒", "reading": "なにとぞ", "romaji": "nanitozo", "meanings": [ "please", "kindly", "by all means" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1189140, "examples": [ { "ja": "浅学非才の私ではありますが、何とぞ皆様のお力を賜りたく、ここにお願い申し上げる次第です。", "en": "I may not have much to offer in the way of learning or ability, but I want to do whatever I can for us all and humbly ask for your favor.", "tatoeba_id": 141227 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "17d19da64006c320cc475dc70897fd229400548664c6e341d167dc883df9661a", "meanings": [ "务必", "恳请" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "浅学非才の私ではありますが、何とぞ皆様のお力を賜りたく、ここにお願い申し上げる次第です。", "zh": "尽管我才疏学浅，仍恳请各位给予帮助。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9570ac7fed", "JMdict ent_seq 1189140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ab928c2dc63738cb37ce712c48e6b41c22b51b22f0692f900e75a05e9a298c35" } }, { "id": "db403717e5", "word": "何より", "reading": "なにより", "romaji": "naniyori", "meanings": [ "most", "best" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "exp", "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1188530, "examples": [ { "ja": "一日中働いたあとは、一杯のビールが何よりだ。", "en": "There is nothing like a glass of beer after a whole day's work.", "tatoeba_id": 190242 }, { "ja": "私は自分が健康で何よりだと思っている。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{自分|じぶん}が{健康|けんこう}で{何|なに}よりだと{思|おも}っている。", "en": "I count myself lucky in having good health.", "tatoeba_id": 156308 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fec71718e0f3bb83ef1fcc6f1dad998a339090d919a42bffe31ac5027f0184e2", "meanings": [ "最", "最好" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "一日中働いたあとは、一杯のビールが何よりだ。", "zh": "工作一整天后，喝一杯啤酒最好。" }, { "ja": "私は自分が健康で何よりだと思っている。", "zh": "我觉得自己身体健康比什么都好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/db403717e5", "JMdict ent_seq 1188530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "761bfe98d4b1a4933a6e1d653c0b128fc25938043f6b9c085cc01a167b263b05" } }, { "id": "9cf8caaf7c", "word": "ナプキン", "reading": "ナプキン", "romaji": "napukin", "meanings": [ "napkin" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1090630, "examples": [ { "ja": "生理用ナプキンはどこにありますか。", "furigana": "{生理|せいり}{用|よう}ナプキンはどこにありますか。", "en": "Where are the sanitary napkins?", "tatoeba_id": 142674 }, { "ja": "ナプキンで唇をきれいにしなさい。", "furigana": "ナプキンで{唇|くちびる}をきれいにしなさい。", "en": "Clean your lips with the napkin.", "tatoeba_id": 199089 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e0269472611e2b697e7e7f863f561cd326e3e39bfe8438acd4b60c4194fcbf2c", "meanings": [ "餐巾", "卫生巾" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "生理用ナプキンはどこにありますか。", "zh": "卫生巾在哪里？" }, { "ja": "ナプキンで唇をきれいにしなさい。", "zh": "用餐巾擦干净嘴唇。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9cf8caaf7c", "JMdict ent_seq 1090630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "可指餐巾或卫生巾，结合语境判断。", "review_hash": "9eb8e877f7983469dd94ef906d75ef2d052d3ba7fd956d397a131e18383270b4" } }, { "id": "e12aa3df38", "word": "名札", "reading": "なふだ", "romaji": "nafuda", "meanings": [ "name plate", "name tag" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1531510, "examples": [ { "ja": "自分の荷に名札を付けたけれども、すぐに取れてしまった。", "furigana": "{自分|じぶん}の{荷|に}に{名札|なふだ}を{付|つ}けたけれども、すぐに{取|と}れてしまった。", "en": "I attached my name-tag to my baggage, but it soon came off.", "tatoeba_id": 149896 }, { "ja": "彼は彼女の名札をちらりと見た。", "en": "He glanced at her name tag.", "tatoeba_id": 100857 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e95eddac7ae18b92f79829681d6df506c7a5b7cd53fd3ebb60cb374e566d5e75", "meanings": [ "姓名牌" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "自分の荷に名札を付けたけれども、すぐに取れてしまった。", "zh": "我给行李贴了姓名牌，但很快掉了。" }, { "ja": "彼は彼女の名札をちらりと見た。", "zh": "他瞥了一眼她的姓名牌。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e12aa3df38", "JMdict ent_seq 1531510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2ca37dded61f107295152d6739179ac9487eff242c9cecdf6c6eaa26c96876a8" } }, { "id": "ba1748f1df", "word": "生臭い", "reading": "なまぐさい", "romaji": "namagusai", "meanings": [ "smelling of fish or blood", "fish or meat" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1379110, "examples": [ { "ja": "まな板が生臭いです。", "en": "The chopping board smells fishy.", "tatoeba_id": 13714049 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "593e66758739b39a62f1718ce2f6badc37b40647bf81bb3ae488fae4b0e1f2e2", "meanings": [ "腥" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "まな板が生臭いです。", "zh": "砧板有腥味。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ba1748f1df", "JMdict ent_seq 1379110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7f203e1f10482e6760b371d8594abf8fa7f9228499b4f99e0ba999c1c7349d50" } }, { "id": "64ae2006dd", "word": "生温い", "reading": "なまぬるい", "romaji": "namanurui", "meanings": [ "lukewarm", "halfhearted" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1378810, "examples": [ { "ja": "その水、生ぬるいよ。", "en": "The water is lukewarm.", "tatoeba_id": 8997638 }, { "ja": "コストダウンもできない生ぬるいリストラがJAL再建を危うくする。", "en": "Half-hearted cutbacks that can't save money leave JAL's rehabilitation in doubt.", "tatoeba_id": 522264 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3cbdf8a4c9135f2568f7b32d25316be3005e48b30785088ab7d6f0dc7394e0fc", "meanings": [ "温吞", "不彻底" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その水、生ぬるいよ。", "zh": "那水不冷不热的。" }, { "ja": "コストダウンもできない生ぬるいリストラがJAL再建を危うくする。", "zh": "无法降低成本的温吞重组危及日航的重建。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/64ae2006dd", "JMdict ent_seq 1378810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7046d371a5c172ca287f74b318d3b744af60769b81507303870b43fe7cc36e9b" } }, { "id": "432e75bc0b", "word": "生身", "reading": "なまみ", "romaji": "namami", "meanings": [ "living flesh", "flesh and blood", "the quick" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1379160, "examples": [ { "ja": "人は感情を持つ生身の存在だ。", "en": "People are living beings with feelings." }, { "ja": "彼は生身の手でとげのある枝をつかんだ。", "en": "He grasped a thorny branch with his bare hand." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a9dd991c6e57118dc1b6513796122f0ffafaceab2c5b6299e07b2442c4344063", "meanings": [ "血肉之躯" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人は感情を持つ生身の存在だ。", "zh": "人是有感情的血肉之躯。" }, { "ja": "彼は生身の手でとげのある枝をつかんだ。", "zh": "他赤手抓住了带刺的树枝。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/432e75bc0b", "JMdict ent_seq 1379160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "152fc4a720ddafe82be112532d7b0ca47ffef41107234b4993a5d8d7219c1066" } }, { "id": "6c7a3fe563", "word": "鉛", "reading": "なまり", "romaji": "namari", "meanings": [ "lead (the metal)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1178500, "examples": [ { "ja": "鉛と金とでは、どちらが重いんですか。", "furigana": "{鉛|なまり}と{金|きん}とでは、どちらが{重|おも}いんですか。", "en": "Which is heavier, lead or gold?", "tatoeba_id": 188633 }, { "ja": "これは鉛のように重い。", "furigana": "これは{鉛|なまり}のように{重|おも}い。", "en": "This is as heavy as lead.", "tatoeba_id": 218489 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3e6e53a219608ba92847f8c397c80e3ec7c46d0f608a5c09797767bdb0760cb1", "meanings": [ "铅" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "鉛と金とでは、どちらが重いんですか。", "zh": "铅和金，哪个更重？" }, { "ja": "これは鉛のように重い。", "zh": "这个重得像铅一样。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6c7a3fe563", "JMdict ent_seq 1178500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "00b8a6e263637e18dc3722e6ff39c473ebd173f39e8613f2a022ab5947839c7b" } }, { "id": "d39ee7b933", "word": "並み", "reading": "なみ", "romaji": "nami", "meanings": [ "average", "medium", "common", "ordinary" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1599620, "examples": [ { "ja": "これは並の能力ではない。", "en": "This isn't any ordinary ability.", "tatoeba_id": 218099 }, { "ja": "彼女はけっして並みの歌手ではない。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はけっして{並|な}みの{歌手|かしゅ}ではない。", "en": "She is no ordinary singer.", "tatoeba_id": 92920 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c735fb6cf4658d2a294b6b4a0ccf1ae4db5e33d29f5ef7e41ebe6a05102e98e4", "meanings": [ "普通", "一般" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これは並の能力ではない。", "zh": "这不是普通的能力。" }, { "ja": "彼女はけっして並みの歌手ではない。", "zh": "她绝不是普通的歌手。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d39ee7b933", "JMdict ent_seq 1599620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8857e534fafb657c22561f85b5616567274048f03e53a782aa93ab1a33c308a3" } }, { "id": "26e6475d25", "word": "滑らか", "reading": "なめらか", "romaji": "nameraka", "meanings": [ "smoothness", "glassiness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1208560, "examples": [ { "ja": "このテーブルの表面は滑らかだ。", "furigana": "このテーブルの{表面|ひょうめん}は{滑|なめ}らかだ。", "en": "This table has a smooth surface.", "tatoeba_id": 223540 }, { "ja": "彼女は滑らかに英語を話す。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{滑|なめ}らかに{英語|えいご}を{話|はな}す。", "en": "She is a fluent speaker of English.", "tatoeba_id": 90676 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7b8f5cdbfcc97eb28f3051dfdb9758359eea7ed8f566163df911284ea1f0c90a", "meanings": [ "光滑", "流畅" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このテーブルの表面は滑らかだ。", "zh": "这张桌子表面很光滑。" }, { "ja": "彼女は滑らかに英語を話す。", "zh": "她英语说得很流利。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/26e6475d25", "JMdict ent_seq 1208560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "312e39d2c72e5fb33a36a0127fecede2bf797715c046f7ae8928f53ce60cb5f1" } }, { "id": "3917b83619", "word": "なめる", "reading": "なめる", "romaji": "nameru", "meanings": [ "to lick", "to taste", "to experience", "to make fun of", "to make light of", "to put down", "to treat with contempt" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1571320, "other_forms": [ "舐める", "嘗める" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのジャムをちょっとなめてみた。", "en": "I had a lick at the jam.", "tatoeba_id": 213049 }, { "ja": "ここのソースは舐めてみるとちょっと塩っぱい。", "furigana": "ここのソースは{舐|な}めてみるとちょっと{塩|しょ}っぱい。", "en": "If you taste this sauce you'll find it a bit salty.", "tatoeba_id": 74117 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "80d1e2090e302c5165a481e3ae07139da7f5a1b1d22a3b10a2fd346ee45e889e", "meanings": [ "舔", "尝", "轻视" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのジャムをちょっとなめてみた。", "zh": "我稍微舔了一点果酱。" }, { "ja": "ここのソースは舐めてみるとちょっと塩っぱい。", "zh": "这儿的酱汁尝起来有点咸。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3917b83619", "JMdict ent_seq 1571320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c52b0315c53934b3e3cf443eea0d7ae4ddbd047101a8d21bf65bb0684c132e0a" } }, { "id": "bad8c2fee2", "word": "悩ましい", "reading": "なやましい", "romaji": "nayamashii", "meanings": [ "seductive", "melancholy", "languid" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1469830, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は悩ましい目つきで僕を見た。", "en": "She looked at me seductively.", "tatoeba_id": 87575 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d920cc6ff339915e2da5cecbdac33f57d4bc325795a1e4d50fad0baa0b477048", "meanings": [ "令人烦恼", "诱人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は悩ましい目つきで僕を見た。", "zh": "她用诱人的眼神看着我。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bad8c2fee2", "JMdict ent_seq 1469830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8817e479d97a71d7e09e20923032ddbcbc0a7d4c93590b0aeb75dadaf1e7f657" } }, { "id": "e9cfb54883", "word": "悩ます", "reading": "なやます", "romaji": "nayamasu", "meanings": [ "to afflict", "to torment", "to harass", "to molest" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1469840, "examples": [ { "ja": "そんなささいなことで私を悩まさないでくれ。", "furigana": "そんなささいなことで{私|わたし}を{悩|なや}まさないでくれ。", "en": "Don't bother me with such trifles.", "tatoeba_id": 204322 }, { "ja": "彼は多くのもめごとに悩まされた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{多|おお}くのもめごとに{悩|なや}まされた。", "en": "A lot of troubles preyed upon his mind.", "tatoeba_id": 102601 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4d1329969698bb27a32b747cc4ae4d2da3445b2b336c134232aa1a3b14e9f227", "meanings": [ "使烦恼", "折磨" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そんなささいなことで私を悩まさないでくれ。", "zh": "不要为那种小事烦我。" }, { "ja": "彼は多くのもめごとに悩まされた。", "zh": "他被许多纠纷困扰。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e9cfb54883", "JMdict ent_seq 1469840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "785fb68c55ac65c925d0ed30c8c37a2170bf5f149f01c4acee070cfdb0cbed4d" } }, { "id": "64d39b7bc3", "word": "悩み", "reading": "なやみ", "romaji": "nayami", "meanings": [ "trouble(s)", "worry", "distress", "anguish", "agony", "problem" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1469850, "examples": [ { "ja": "それはぜいたくな悩みだよ。", "furigana": "それはぜいたくな{悩|なや}みだよ。", "en": "Gee, I wish I had that problem.", "tatoeba_id": 205486 }, { "ja": "彼らには彼らなりの悩みがある。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らには{彼|かれ}らなりの{悩|なや}みがある。", "en": "They have their own troubles.", "tatoeba_id": 98618 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b1c615ed9a232228e7c719d84c0b64a15b91d99337519b900335a60dbf4e589b", "meanings": [ "烦恼" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それはぜいたくな悩みだよ。", "zh": "那是幸福的烦恼啊。" }, { "ja": "彼らには彼らなりの悩みがある。", "zh": "他们有他们自己的烦恼。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/64d39b7bc3", "JMdict ent_seq 1469850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "af003f3888dcd9eb3aa69d0e3b9cfd8b72eb5aa1a7dbcc6879a25177b28c86b5" } }, { "id": "c4be7bde99", "word": "慣らす", "reading": "ならす", "romaji": "narasu", "meanings": [ "to accustom" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1212650, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はピューマを慣らすのに大いに骨を折った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はピューマを{慣|な}らすのに{大|おお}いに{骨|ほね}を{折|お}った。", "en": "He took great pains in taming a puma.", "tatoeba_id": 111117 }, { "ja": "新しい靴を履き慣らしている。", "furigana": "{新|あたら}しい{靴|くつ}を{履|は}き{慣|な}らしている。", "en": "I'm breaking in my new shoes.", "tatoeba_id": 145427 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "462070455509994f2641bcbb6cbacfba233a2bbd637cda51f1c54e9fe054187a", "meanings": [ "使习惯", "驯服" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はピューマを慣らすのに大いに骨を折った。", "zh": "他费了很大力气驯服美洲狮。" }, { "ja": "新しい靴を履き慣らしている。", "zh": "我正在把新鞋穿得合脚。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c4be7bde99", "JMdict ent_seq 1212650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8d4b065bfdef6f1ce16d430fb4436792807eb5f8b009672f57e0d8e20f8f0fc3" } }, { "id": "c35361ecb7", "word": "馴らす", "reading": "ならす", "romaji": "narasu", "meanings": [ "to domesticate", "to tame" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1212650, "examples": [ { "ja": "このライオンはよく飼い馴らされている。", "furigana": "このライオンはよく{飼|か}い{馴|な}らされている。", "en": "This lion is very tame.", "tatoeba_id": 223039 }, { "ja": "彼はピューマを慣らすのに大いに骨を折った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はピューマを{慣|な}らすのに{大|おお}いに{骨|ほね}を{折|お}った。", "en": "He took great pains in taming a puma.", "tatoeba_id": 111117 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6fcc72e0c185343465560c72e4221bd8706ba09da91c18eb0614d64c2bdf9de2", "meanings": [ "驯服" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このライオンはよく飼い馴らされている。", "zh": "这头狮子被驯养得很好。" }, { "ja": "彼はピューマを慣らすのに大いに骨を折った。", "zh": "他费了很大力气驯服美洲狮。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c35361ecb7", "JMdict ent_seq 1212650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f254a3f19fbd3ea04e5aa94eea6ebe01ecd1ffcb413bbf044ad730b1b4739d7c" } }, { "id": "2ee52d40e1", "word": "並びに", "reading": "ならびに", "romaji": "narabini", "meanings": [ "and" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "conj" ], "jmdict_id": 1508350, "examples": [ { "ja": "申請書並びに身分証を持参してください。", "en": "Please bring the application form and identification." }, { "ja": "先生並びに学生が出席した。", "en": "Teachers and students attended." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d7a192d1f9d87f8070e1fb096e0b327ef65e50879e460a4c78d288798f519d7c", "meanings": [ "以及" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "申請書並びに身分証を持参してください。", "zh": "请带上申请表以及身份证。" }, { "ja": "先生並びに学生が出席した。", "zh": "老师和学生出席了会议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2ee52d40e1", "JMdict ent_seq 1508350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "189b5b018df69ceb4655a8bb83696a752e217863e186d18cf568b78d25daf43e" } }, { "id": "3837730fa3", "word": "成り立つ", "reading": "なりたつ", "romaji": "naritatsu", "meanings": [ "to conclude", "to consist of", "to be practical (logical, feasible, viable)", "to hold true" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5t", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1375600, "examples": [ { "ja": "このクラスは３５名の生徒から成り立っている。", "furigana": "このクラスは３５{名|めい}の{生徒|せいと}から{成|な}り{立|た}っている。", "en": "This class is made up of thirty-five pupils.", "tatoeba_id": 223850 }, { "ja": "君の理論は成り立たないと思う。", "en": "I think your theory does not hold water.", "tatoeba_id": 178013 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e8cbfb80f99831b25814189cd1937de5bf66a7c3cd47f8cb6514849041e1a181", "meanings": [ "成立", "构成" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このクラスは３５名の生徒から成り立っている。", "zh": "这个班由三十五名学生组成。" }, { "ja": "君の理論は成り立たないと思う。", "zh": "我认为你的理论不成立。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3837730fa3", "JMdict ent_seq 1375600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8ea61b8d5e8af3675d2efd3252745ffef0292d771dd646490c307c29f6fd8f58" } }, { "id": "c88fd01898", "word": "なるたけ", "reading": "なるたけ", "romaji": "narutake", "meanings": [ "as much as possible", "if possible" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1375630, "other_forms": [ "成る丈" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "なるたけ早く来てください。", "en": "Please come as early as possible." }, { "ja": "なるたけ手伝いたい。", "en": "I want to help as much as possible." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c4703337cf26280bf84afc32ae366af269f3719f2cf6ce02741acf151b7022c9", "meanings": [ "尽可能" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "なるたけ早く来てください。", "zh": "请尽可能早点来。" }, { "ja": "なるたけ手伝いたい。", "zh": "我想尽可能帮忙。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c88fd01898", "JMdict ent_seq 1375630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d541926167374283ba8320195a39931ac234daaf328d8a45d78f5c1e0f840ec3" } }, { "id": "8d6d7688de", "word": "慣れ", "reading": "なれ", "romaji": "nare", "meanings": [ "practice", "experience" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1212660, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は料理をするのに慣れている。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{料理|りょうり}をするのに{慣|な}れている。", "en": "She is used to cooking.", "tatoeba_id": 86256 }, { "ja": "彼は新しい環境にすばやく慣れた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{新|あたら}しい{環境|かんきょう}にすばやく{慣|な}れた。", "en": "He quickly accustomed himself to his new surroundings.", "tatoeba_id": 103825 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "56251ecaeed75520e093bb719e090ea761d8104797c86cad0bbe601f3091e2a0", "meanings": [ "习惯", "经验" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は料理をするのに慣れている。", "zh": "她习惯做饭。" }, { "ja": "彼は新しい環境にすばやく慣れた。", "zh": "他很快适应了新环境。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8d6d7688de", "JMdict ent_seq 1212660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "57bf47ec1610644629d86b65529079e024c3a4a2c6b6f2a2978083927d214fc9" } }, { "id": "6bd687836f", "word": "馴れ馴れしい", "reading": "なれなれしい", "romaji": "narenareshii", "meanings": [ "over-familiar" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1459780, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私の妻になれなれしすぎだ。", "en": "He is getting far too familiar with my wife.", "tatoeba_id": 105831 }, { "ja": "年上の人にあまり馴れ馴れしくしてはいけない。", "furigana": "{年上|としうえ}の{人|ひと}にあまり{馴|な}れ{馴|な}れしくしてはいけない。", "en": "You must not take liberties with older people.", "tatoeba_id": 121803 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "dd5b464f292e3e8dfe9ac5b65af30f89b5d6dfe5e11c30ecaaa9ffd8e6a6ab65", "meanings": [ "过分亲昵" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私の妻になれなれしすぎだ。", "zh": "他对我妻子过分亲昵。" }, { "ja": "年上の人にあまり馴れ馴れしくしてはいけない。", "zh": "不要对年长的人太过亲昵。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6bd687836f", "JMdict ent_seq 1459780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5c76e4df107683349898a5ff092ca77bd85fd984d709d4ed91040701cb6d65d4" } }, { "id": "67f7a8d49f", "word": "南", "reading": "なん", "romaji": "nan", "meanings": [ "south" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2833068, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は南の牌を捨てた。", "en": "He discarded a south wind tile." }, { "ja": "麻雀卓に南の牌が出た。", "en": "A south wind tile appeared on the mahjong table." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "438d14ac93ae64eba680da35c1d01c5e0726b962871e1b634542f3d8b7b50ba3", "meanings": [ "南风牌" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は南の牌を捨てた。", "zh": "他打出了南风牌。" }, { "ja": "麻雀卓に南の牌が出た。", "zh": "南风牌在麻将桌上出现了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/67f7a8d49f", "JMdict ent_seq 2833068; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "本条为麻将术语中的南风牌；一般方位“南”通常读みなみ。", "review_hash": "2c97d7f5cfbb7706b883cc13b4f4a3d05acc88b7cdd9d93d364e298fe7f71887" } }, { "id": "855ce6b835", "word": "難", "reading": "なん", "romaji": "nan", "meanings": [ "difficulty", "hardships", "defect" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1460830, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はそのなぞなぞを難なく解いた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はそのなぞなぞを{難|なん}なく{解|と}いた。", "en": "He had no difficulty explaining the mystery.", "tatoeba_id": 113158 }, { "ja": "彼は難なくその場所を見つけた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{難|なん}なくその{場所|ばしょ}を{見|み}つけた。", "en": "He had no difficulty in finding the place.", "tatoeba_id": 101550 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cda8e4045b8007c3ded47fa315d84aa2d413edca54d56a369c0c9a55573973e6", "meanings": [ "困难", "毛病" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はそのなぞなぞを難なく解いた。", "zh": "他毫不费力地解出了那个谜语。" }, { "ja": "彼は難なくその場所を見つけた。", "zh": "他毫不费力地找到了那个地方。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/855ce6b835", "JMdict ent_seq 1460830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "81166285507d1df44ec0931c88b385e424f464f32d9c23505c1044dcc9632db5" } }, { "id": "2cd8f09df7", "word": "なんか", "reading": "なんか", "romaji": "nanka", "meanings": [ "things like ...", "or something like that .. (often derogatory)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "prt", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1009500, "examples": [ { "ja": "この仕事は決してやさしくなんかないんだよ。", "furigana": "この{仕事|しごと}は{決|けっ}してやさしくなんかないんだよ。", "en": "This work is anything but easy.", "tatoeba_id": 221811 }, { "ja": "彼は断じて芸術家なんかではない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{断|だん}じて{芸術家|げいじゅつか}なんかではない。", "en": "He is anything but that.", "tatoeba_id": 102267 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fb8f6dcad5eb17cc1b70832005ab0287303e4aa8d140c777dca4d0cead529699", "meanings": [ "之类", "根本" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この仕事は決してやさしくなんかないんだよ。", "zh": "这工作绝对不简单。" }, { "ja": "彼は断じて芸術家なんかではない。", "zh": "他根本算不上艺术家。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2cd8f09df7", "JMdict ent_seq 1009500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7e3e4c22ac1a0c70aa9739c9dd9a881f63c223e123c757c4abfd460cb04711e3" } }, { "id": "7432246708", "word": "ナンセンス", "reading": "ナンセンス", "romaji": "nansensu", "meanings": [ "nonsense" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1090840, "examples": [ { "ja": "それは、いくぶんナンセンスな趣きの楽しさがあった。", "en": "It was a delightful bit of nonsense.", "tatoeba_id": 205611 }, { "ja": "そんなナンセンスなことはやめてくれよ。", "en": "Cut out the nonsense, will you?", "tatoeba_id": 204311 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5fa9288f5c790ad24207bf9af97f5678ac35c44b26535de62d11a8e8e7812703", "meanings": [ "无意义", "荒唐" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それは、いくぶんナンセンスな趣きの楽しさがあった。", "zh": "那有一种带点荒诞意味的乐趣。" }, { "ja": "そんなナンセンスなことはやめてくれよ。", "zh": "别做那种荒唐的事了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7432246708", "JMdict ent_seq 1090840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7c8f56dc449d2b6571eb7432138c60e2e8df9e8bd0bfa435be040a46ef25aa6f" } }, { "id": "0e04473eff", "word": "何だか", "reading": "なんだか", "romaji": "nandaka", "meanings": [ "a little", "somewhat", "somehow" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1188350, "examples": [ { "ja": "今日は何だか疲れている。", "en": "I somehow feel tired today." }, { "ja": "お前、何だかボーっとしてるよ。", "furigana": "お{前|まえ}、{何|なん}だかボーっとしてるよ。", "en": "You're out of it.", "tatoeba_id": 226988 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1596efcbf8212a2a6bee8811251e90e88ccbbca5c94db98b1fb64b575944c756", "meanings": [ "总觉得", "有点" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "今日は何だか疲れている。", "zh": "我总觉得今天有点累。" }, { "ja": "お前、何だかボーっとしてるよ。", "zh": "你看起来有点发呆。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0e04473eff", "JMdict ent_seq 1188350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "febe7007d081faad5c98d355ab5fad5edad3283f663ee5be9b36be63cf517cf9" } }, { "id": "9bd5945236", "word": "なんだかんだ", "reading": "なんだかんだ", "romaji": "nandakanda", "meanings": [ "something or other" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1188360, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は、なんだかんだ言って支払いを延期した。", "en": "He delayed payment on some pretext or other.", "tatoeba_id": 97770 }, { "ja": "人の出会いなんて、なんだかんだで、最初のインパクトで５０％以上は決まってしまっている。", "en": "When people meet, first impressions determine more than 50 percent of whatever happens next.", "tatoeba_id": 144598 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "394400ca9e83e66c40949d5444dc58eeeed89564a288272dbf67141ec1c2ba07", "meanings": [ "这样那样", "种种" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は、なんだかんだ言って支払いを延期した。", "zh": "他找了种种借口推迟付款。" }, { "ja": "人の出会いなんて、なんだかんだで、最初のインパクトで５０％以上は決まってしまっている。", "zh": "人与人的相遇说到底，最初印象决定了五成以上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9bd5945236", "JMdict ent_seq 1188360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "35fafce326a4dfdab22e4def6eb1eef537b548a72b25eeb85a53223f71125536" } }, { "id": "fcc6b37129", "word": "何て", "reading": "なんて", "romaji": "nante", "meanings": [ "how...!", "what...!" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-f", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1188370, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は何ておしゃべりなんだろう。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{何|なん}ておしゃべりなんだろう。", "en": "How she talks!", "tatoeba_id": 90932 }, { "ja": "彼女はあなたに何てささやいたの。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はあなたに{何|なん}てささやいたの。", "en": "What did she whisper to you?", "tatoeba_id": 93444 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1ff88cf6b17632ef096b9f1fef5364fedadfcaf3e374cb19887b9e236b60d034", "meanings": [ "多么", "什么" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は何ておしゃべりなんだろう。", "zh": "她多么爱说话啊。" }, { "ja": "彼女はあなたに何てささやいたの。", "zh": "她对你耳语了什么？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fcc6b37129", "JMdict ent_seq 1188370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9bf76b9f4eda0529b0ca0e35f864c4d7e252128de112faf69d0b5845f644dd92" } }, { "id": "73baff290d", "word": "何と", "reading": "なんと", "romaji": "nanto", "meanings": [ "what", "how", "whatever" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1188410, "examples": [ { "ja": "英語でこの昆虫を何といいますか。", "furigana": "{英語|えいご}でこの{昆虫|こんちゅう}を{何|なん}といいますか。", "en": "What do you call this insect in English?", "tatoeba_id": 189231 }, { "ja": "あなたは何と賢い生徒なのでしょう。", "furigana": "あなたは{何|なん}と{賢|かしこ}い{生徒|せいと}なのでしょう。", "en": "What a clever student you are!", "tatoeba_id": 232241 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "12dcc315bf6b1d038d36d6b535f8566479db69c945b0edc13d8e7c3dbd320e71", "meanings": [ "什么", "多么" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "英語でこの昆虫を何といいますか。", "zh": "这种昆虫用英语怎么说？" }, { "ja": "あなたは何と賢い生徒なのでしょう。", "zh": "你真是个聪明的学生！" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/73baff290d", "JMdict ent_seq 1188410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "dba014cb7e8efcf1326cc7321e1ac6b61faf145500e352055359399fad0bd374" } }, { "id": "ecb2bd27c4", "word": "何なり", "reading": "なんなり", "romaji": "nannari", "meanings": [ "any", "anything", "whatever" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1188460, "examples": [ { "ja": "何なりと言って下さい。", "en": "Just tell me what you'd like me to do.", "tatoeba_id": 187731 }, { "ja": "何なりとお役にたてばうれしいです。", "en": "I will be glad if I can serve you in any way.", "tatoeba_id": 187732 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e4f7c37ea57e33a797814ecfe06da47e117c3077596f9170417d5b375b3d4131", "meanings": [ "任何", "什么都" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "何なりと言って下さい。", "zh": "请说任何您想说的。" }, { "ja": "何なりとお役にたてばうれしいです。", "zh": "如果能帮上任何忙，我会很高兴。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ecb2bd27c4", "JMdict ent_seq 1188460; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3cac32f6fe92a05e3417999ea74348666d8ec5f68320da9139bb5e6dadf52df6" } }, { "id": "b68826cd51", "word": "荷", "reading": "に", "romaji": "ni", "meanings": [ "load", "baggage", "cargo" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1195250, "examples": [ { "ja": "船はその港で荷を下ろされた。", "en": "The ship was unloaded at the port.", "tatoeba_id": 141150 }, { "ja": "石油は東京港で荷降ろしされる。", "furigana": "{石油|せきゆ}は{東京|とうきょう}{港|みなと}で{荷|に}{降|お}ろしされる。", "en": "The oil is discharged at Tokyo port.", "tatoeba_id": 142313 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bf372d6c9df6cd9ba9fcad2f4b78fb19efab4f84485c3106e353779be74fdae1", "meanings": [ "货物", "负担" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "船はその港で荷を下ろされた。", "zh": "船上的货在港口卸下了。" }, { "ja": "石油は東京港で荷降ろしされる。", "zh": "石油在东京港卸货。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b68826cd51", "JMdict ent_seq 1195250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bde6fe68c0ff30afb6e7c5ba157cd1faad538b77da5811ac91bb6f49c57ea2ef" } }, { "id": "0a44c1f364", "word": "似通う", "reading": "にかよう", "romaji": "nikayou", "meanings": [ "to resemble closely" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1314700, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたと私の悩みは似通っている。", "en": "Your problem and mine are similar.", "tatoeba_id": 233837 }, { "ja": "心臓とポンプは似かよっている。", "en": "The human heart is analogous to a pump.", "tatoeba_id": 145565 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8623e9566f65aa4fcf41863ae0da069d9d7c69cb08736c942744daa0ad32a292", "meanings": [ "相似" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたと私の悩みは似通っている。", "zh": "你我烦恼相似。" }, { "ja": "心臓とポンプは似かよっている。", "zh": "心脏和泵很相似。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0a44c1f364", "JMdict ent_seq 1314700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8c2ac8ed14f4dc560f3bb931f9a301e0fa7bc520e9a6f98f145ca700e361b7df" } }, { "id": "0225c64108", "word": "にきび", "reading": "にきび", "romaji": "nikibi", "meanings": [ "pimple", "acne" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1533600, "other_forms": [ "面皰" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ニキビが治りません。", "furigana": "ニキビが{治|なお}りません。", "en": "I can't get rid of my pimples.", "tatoeba_id": 198796 }, { "ja": "入院２週間したらニキビが急激に減りました。", "furigana": "{入院|にゅういん}２{週間|しゅうかん}したらニキビが{急激|きゅうげき}に{減|へ}りました。", "en": "Two weeks after being admitted to hospital my acne suddenly started to disappear.", "tatoeba_id": 75159 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "38529d2b7a6f0666a5c215c8e02856ff56ccebe673310245e05884d7bc482f11", "meanings": [ "痘痘" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ニキビが治りません。", "zh": "痘痘一直不好。" }, { "ja": "入院２週間したらニキビが急激に減りました。", "zh": "住院两周后痘痘突然少了很多。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0225c64108", "JMdict ent_seq 1533600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cd31cee3f318d74c0925fdabb9a3982328d278691a8802545d7694051b1af371" } }, { "id": "b89194a740", "word": "賑わう", "reading": "にぎわう", "romaji": "nigiwau", "meanings": [ "to prosper", "to flourish", "to do thriving business", "to be crowded with people" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1463500, "examples": [ { "ja": "この町は以前ほどにぎわっていない。", "furigana": "この{町|まち}は{以前|いぜん}ほどにぎわっていない。", "en": "This city is not so busy as it used to be.", "tatoeba_id": 220511 }, { "ja": "通りは買い物客でにぎわっている。", "furigana": "{通|とお}りは{買|か}い{物客|ものきゃく}でにぎわっている。", "en": "The streets are alive with shoppers.", "tatoeba_id": 125624 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "98e1b95b58ca7b5effd923093b3389ec52d951aff5a4df9ccfcedfe1d20d6dc0", "meanings": [ "热闹", "繁荣" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この町は以前ほどにぎわっていない。", "zh": "这座城市不如以前热闹了。" }, { "ja": "通りは買い物客でにぎわっている。", "zh": "街道上挤满了购物的人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b89194a740", "JMdict ent_seq 1463500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d5dd9ad1dca7872b8331f4cf8a2d71165643fe56346720b09e03cddfebf04798" } }, { "id": "2e8753951c", "word": "悪い", "reading": "にくい", "romaji": "nikui", "meanings": [ "hateful", "detestable", "vexing", "admirable" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1403390, "examples": [ { "ja": "かわいさ余って憎さ百倍。", "furigana": "かわいさ{余|あま}って{憎|にく}さ{百倍|ひゃくばい}。", "en": "The greatest hate springs from the greatest love.", "tatoeba_id": 226121 }, { "ja": "相手が憎くてたまらなかった。", "en": "I could not stop hating the other person." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d9fa03ddbf22020beb370b36653f1549b7296e5a10fcc96fcf9f6394ab2bea76", "meanings": [ "可恨", "可恶", "令人钦佩" ], "notes": "本词条的「悪い」是词典异写，通常写作「憎い」；读にくい，与常见的悪い（わるい）不同。", "examples": [ { "ja": "かわいさ余って憎さ百倍。", "zh": "爱之深，恨之切。" }, { "ja": "相手が憎くてたまらなかった。", "zh": "我恨对方恨得不得了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2e8753951c", "JMdict ent_seq 1403390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2c9bb263da781a0b01cb40791e0bd0496b9f7af8db583ffa820b720b9d9f77af" } }, { "id": "a7c3dfe336", "word": "憎しみ", "reading": "にくしみ", "romaji": "nikushimi", "meanings": [ "hatred" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1403400, "examples": [ { "ja": "恋は盲目。憎しみもまたしかり。", "furigana": "{恋|こい}は{盲目|もうもく}。{憎|にく}しみもまたしかり。", "en": "Love is blind. Hatred is also blind.", "tatoeba_id": 77442 }, { "ja": "彼女は憎しみをこめて彼を見た。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{憎|にく}しみをこめて{彼|かれ}を{見|み}た。", "en": "She looked at him with hatred.", "tatoeba_id": 88155 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7586d670ac619fe61045436e6abc0bb89b71e2f28cb1fd88b664fae4283dffac", "meanings": [ "憎恨" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "恋は盲目。憎しみもまたしかり。", "zh": "爱情是盲目的，憎恨也是如此。" }, { "ja": "彼女は憎しみをこめて彼を見た。", "zh": "她带着恨意看着他。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a7c3dfe336", "JMdict ent_seq 1403400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f1296edbc4ae5ae6610b85d00cd32cc30c9d7e0c5af690030cf77d2414115ee9" } }, { "id": "5a16d4bb86", "word": "肉親", "reading": "にくしん", "romaji": "nikushin", "meanings": [ "blood relationship", "blood relative" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1463640, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は肉親の一人を失った。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{肉親|にくしん}の{一人|ひとり}を{失|うしな}った。", "en": "She lost one of her flesh and blood.", "tatoeba_id": 87642 }, { "ja": "人々は行方不明の肉親の知らせを気にかけていた。", "en": "People were anxious for news of missing relatives.", "tatoeba_id": 144107 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "939779ad1bc646f245067233cc901212b5ea69c8949cbcce141c0d1f2eecefbb", "meanings": [ "亲人", "血亲" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は肉親の一人を失った。", "zh": "她失去了一位亲人。" }, { "ja": "人々は行方不明の肉親の知らせを気にかけていた。", "zh": "人们牵挂着失踪亲人的消息。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5a16d4bb86", "JMdict ent_seq 1463640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "eb483106208ac241d16dd056e4851f8aee14844334b32ff61b026982c9b4bcda" } }, { "id": "2499a79801", "word": "肉体", "reading": "にくたい", "romaji": "nikutai", "meanings": [ "the body", "the flesh" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1463650, "examples": [ { "ja": "肉体は滅んでいく。", "furigana": "{肉体|にくたい}は{滅|ほろ}んでいく。", "en": "The flesh is mortal.", "tatoeba_id": 122974 }, { "ja": "肉体は滅びるが霊魂は不滅である。", "furigana": "{肉体|にくたい}は{滅|ほろ}びるが{霊魂|れいこん}は{不滅|ふめつ}である。", "en": "A man's body dies, but his soul is immortal.", "tatoeba_id": 122975 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a7a2e8a1fd5eef8d37afe58248966d919aa06912db92157f25f60518e1d8f6e9", "meanings": [ "肉体" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "肉体は滅んでいく。", "zh": "肉体会消亡。" }, { "ja": "肉体は滅びるが霊魂は不滅である。", "zh": "肉体会消亡，但灵魂不灭。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2499a79801", "JMdict ent_seq 1463650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f628acfb993b2aebd740386ef3f5a537c1a5176d05a0cd11592b4d641dfc89e6" } }, { "id": "81115b78b4", "word": "逃げ出す", "reading": "にげだす", "romaji": "nigedasu", "meanings": [ "to run away", "to escape from" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1450390, "examples": [ { "ja": "その男は町から逃げ出した。", "furigana": "その{男|おとこ}は{町|まち}から{逃|に}げ{出|だ}した。", "en": "The man got away from the city.", "tatoeba_id": 208021 }, { "ja": "その泥棒は警官を見て逃げ出した。", "furigana": "その{泥棒|どろぼう}は{警官|けいかん}を{見|み}て{逃|に}げ{出|だ}した。", "en": "The thief ran away at the sight of a policeman.", "tatoeba_id": 207683 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3e3b8173537d6c2086ecbc8790c74806332d4c2d8150ead66c4439700e6c1c16", "meanings": [ "逃出" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その男は町から逃げ出した。", "zh": "那个男人逃离了城镇。" }, { "ja": "その泥棒は警官を見て逃げ出した。", "zh": "小偷看见警察就逃跑了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/81115b78b4", "JMdict ent_seq 1450390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5a07bb57c916308b427c9a9f3a6a0befa4f1b2efb104af126615cbbb32184822" } }, { "id": "0de9f6ef1f", "word": "西日", "reading": "にしび", "romaji": "nishibi", "meanings": [ "westering sun" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1381010, "examples": [ { "ja": "僕の部屋は西日をまともにうける。", "furigana": "{僕|ぼく}の{部屋|へや}は{西日|にしび}をまともにうける。", "en": "The afternoon sun comes directly into my room.", "tatoeba_id": 82174 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a699e410931e3a208dc01967ecb0c9020eecc8812ba06ada2612dab790dfce33", "meanings": [ "西晒的阳光" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "僕の部屋は西日をまともにうける。", "zh": "我的房间正对着西晒的太阳。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0de9f6ef1f", "JMdict ent_seq 1381010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "553ba2b6da5e7e4b1234369f9f946d77735cb583ae7ee7d60b833d2cca7cb16e" } }, { "id": "fdb80c541c", "word": "滲む", "reading": "にじむ", "romaji": "nijimu", "meanings": [ "to run", "to blur", "to spread", "to blot", "to ooze" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1568800, "examples": [ { "ja": "ドレスを洗ったら色がにじんだ。", "furigana": "ドレスを{洗|あら}ったら{色|いろ}がにじんだ。", "en": "The color ran when the dress was washed.", "tatoeba_id": 199654 }, { "ja": "家で洗濯すると色がにじむ。", "furigana": "{家|いえ}で{洗濯|せんたく}すると{色|いろ}がにじむ。", "en": "If you wash it at home, the color will run.", "tatoeba_id": 187129 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ea29ea1ad0dc6b12301c5f2ba8db51dcf0a4c2bdd709607c56840ec4c6f3afa9", "meanings": [ "渗开", "晕开" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ドレスを洗ったら色がにじんだ。", "zh": "洗裙子时颜色渗开了。" }, { "ja": "家で洗濯すると色がにじむ。", "zh": "在家洗涤会掉色。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fdb80c541c", "JMdict ent_seq 1568800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3466d6b42564495dcb1e6ac49e1ba53fee91aad52f2ffefed5ce9b000299c5d2" } }, { "id": "6465bd7862", "word": "贋物", "reading": "にせもの", "romaji": "nisemono", "meanings": [ "imitation", "counterfeit", "forgery", "sham" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1577800, "other_readings": [ "がんぶつ" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この本物の宝石とその偽物とを比較してみなさい。", "furigana": "この{本物|ほんもの}の{宝石|ほうせき}とその{偽物|にせもの}とを{比較|ひかく}してみなさい。", "en": "Compare this genuine jewel with that imitation.", "tatoeba_id": 219476 }, { "ja": "彼は本物と偽物を区別できない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{本物|ほんもの}と{偽物|にせもの}を{区別|くべつ}できない。", "en": "He can't tell the real thing from the fake.", "tatoeba_id": 81461 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "267fd16359b765ddffd631e209dc63d6286ef655055839f462437d4cd15bcc4d", "meanings": [ "假货", "赝品" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この本物の宝石とその偽物とを比較してみなさい。", "zh": "请比较这颗真宝石和那颗赝品。" }, { "ja": "彼は本物と偽物を区別できない。", "zh": "他分不清真品和假货。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6465bd7862", "JMdict ent_seq 1577800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e12638b56a19b819e2b12277dee77290c99da6530abccb293723e5d3837249d3" } }, { "id": "b91e19a03b", "word": "日夜", "reading": "にちや", "romaji": "nichiya", "meanings": [ "day and night", "always" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1464870, "examples": [ { "ja": "看護婦たちは、日夜患者の世話をしている。", "en": "The nurses attend to the patient day and night.", "tatoeba_id": 183859 }, { "ja": "彼は弁護士になるために日夜勉強に励んだ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{弁護士|べんごし}になるために{日夜|にちや}{勉強|べんきょう}に{励|はげ}んだ。", "en": "He studied day and night with a view to becoming a lawyer.", "tatoeba_id": 100104 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e0ad6bf520ca43354f46a13f94830696755ef2b934c99ce260647522667d86ab", "meanings": [ "日夜" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "看護婦たちは、日夜患者の世話をしている。", "zh": "护士们日夜照顾病人。" }, { "ja": "彼は弁護士になるために日夜勉強に励んだ。", "zh": "他为了成为律师日夜努力学习。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b91e19a03b", "JMdict ent_seq 1464870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f72c1c32b470ef69945be21d9a00633a14a1c17899875c37d24852be17babcec" } }, { "id": "f3e15d0ae8", "word": "荷造り", "reading": "にづくり", "romaji": "nizukuri", "meanings": [ "packing", "baling", "crating" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1195270, "examples": [ { "ja": "荷作りはもう終わりましたか。", "en": "Have you finished packing yet?", "tatoeba_id": 186556 }, { "ja": "ちょうど荷造りが終わったところです。", "furigana": "ちょうど{荷造|にづく}りが{終|お}わったところです。", "en": "I've just finished packing.", "tatoeba_id": 202929 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "54301f825dcf427a5b590fc78c069dbc06617fa70ab947bace52a622af5d5b72", "meanings": [ "打包" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "荷作りはもう終わりましたか。", "zh": "行李已经打包好了吗？" }, { "ja": "ちょうど荷造りが終わったところです。", "zh": "刚刚打包完。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f3e15d0ae8", "JMdict ent_seq 1195270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b1c052cf0a5997a58c4bc6db5d286ef2615a8749f7a081395efa0bd5a7fb1fbd" } }, { "id": "70608dfcae", "word": "日当", "reading": "にっとう", "romaji": "nittou", "meanings": [ "daily allowance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1464310, "examples": [ { "ja": "会社は出張の日当を支払った。", "en": "The company paid a daily allowance for the business trip." }, { "ja": "この仕事は日当で支払われる。", "en": "This job pays a daily wage." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "399f453bcdf3c78c776080b63df261f7d8ec3969a3a34806b0b1e8ff855a7e22", "meanings": [ "日薪", "日津贴" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "会社は出張の日当を支払った。", "zh": "公司支付了出差的日津贴。" }, { "ja": "この仕事は日当で支払われる。", "zh": "这份工作按日薪支付。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/70608dfcae", "JMdict ent_seq 1464310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1faab5e5717852fc787cb0cec258f94447f20ef03cc91588113e0a61f59b1f20" } }, { "id": "c88c8e2462", "word": "担う", "reading": "になう", "romaji": "ninau", "meanings": [ "to carry on shoulder", "to bear (burden)", "to shoulder (gun)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1599900, "examples": [ { "ja": "この梱包材が断熱機能を担っている。", "en": "This packaging material provides heat insulation.", "tatoeba_id": 76740 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4415243f5ef95f07fbb51b3b0ac0dd941440c6c9ed0fdff5c28652a2390b0d05", "meanings": [ "承担", "肩负" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この梱包材が断熱機能を担っている。", "zh": "这种包装材料承担着隔热功能。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c88c8e2462", "JMdict ent_seq 1599900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4594b82c447338f71b97bc0b4e033cb0921c95c72342dd75e11778405c62ea08" } }, { "id": "a5fb8ab81f", "word": "鈍る", "reading": "にぶる", "romaji": "niburu", "meanings": [ "to become less capable", "to grow dull", "to become blunt", "to weaken" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1582440, "other_readings": [ "なまる" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "テレビは創造力を鈍らせる力がある。", "furigana": "テレビは{創造力|そうぞうりょく}を{鈍|にぶ}らせる{力|ちから}がある。", "en": "Television can dull our creative power.", "tatoeba_id": 201979 }, { "ja": "インフレ進行度は鈍っている。", "en": "The rate of inflation is slowing down.", "tatoeba_id": 228346 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fad6bcdce598c769a3011a862b17c0701741b527e638bc46884952d5f6c968c9", "meanings": [ "变迟钝", "减弱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "テレビは創造力を鈍らせる力がある。", "zh": "电视有使创造力变迟钝的作用。" }, { "ja": "インフレ進行度は鈍っている。", "zh": "通胀的进展正在放缓。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a5fb8ab81f", "JMdict ent_seq 1582440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6a172bbec1732a6c5670f7eeba7b50056218ba1b8b60d1701dac3861932fb5c6" } }, { "id": "b481bbc58e", "word": "にも拘らず", "reading": "にもかかわらず", "romaji": "nimokakawarazu", "meanings": [ "in spite of", "nevertheless" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "exp" ], "jmdict_id": 1612900, "examples": [ { "ja": "それにも関わらず彼は試験に合格することができた。", "furigana": "それにも{関|かか}わらず{彼|かれ}は{試験|しけん}に{合格|ごうかく}することができた。", "en": "And yet he could pass the exam.", "tatoeba_id": 205646 }, { "ja": "彼は大雪にもかかわらず来ました。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{大雪|おおゆき}にもかかわらず{来|き}ました。", "en": "He came in spite of the heavy snow.", "tatoeba_id": 102382 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8ac76526af6491c7fd2330788314694bbae7188bb1d52360fb942e8a355e54c2", "meanings": [ "尽管", "然而" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それにも関わらず彼は試験に合格することができた。", "zh": "尽管如此，他还是通过了考试。" }, { "ja": "彼は大雪にもかかわらず来ました。", "zh": "尽管下大雪，他还是来了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b481bbc58e", "JMdict ent_seq 1612900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a6602c512f069cb7a46995af5454b74f6f3549c8bd6080070b37f0d7599a4282" } }, { "id": "35e0c31550", "word": "ニュアンス", "reading": "ニュアンス", "romaji": "nyuansu", "meanings": [ "nuance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1092110, "examples": [ { "ja": "その言葉には微妙なニュアンスがある。", "en": "This word has a subtle nuance to it.", "tatoeba_id": 210910 }, { "ja": "彼女の考えと私の考えでは少しニュアンスが違う。", "en": "There's a slight difference between her thinking and mine.", "tatoeba_id": 94433 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7e0becf121820a761d34a30adc04a6bbd38798f90f841f3c8079b82346ca37b9", "meanings": [ "细微差别" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その言葉には微妙なニュアンスがある。", "zh": "那个词有微妙的语感差别。" }, { "ja": "彼女の考えと私の考えでは少しニュアンスが違う。", "zh": "她的想法和我的想法略有不同。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/35e0c31550", "JMdict ent_seq 1092110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4dd4419695f3eca8bb2b907b619176430e343924e6ad5fa8f5d97b270f71007c" } }, { "id": "c2bed1715c", "word": "ニュー", "reading": "ニュー", "romaji": "nyuu", "meanings": [ "new" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-f" ], "jmdict_id": 1091340, "examples": [ { "ja": "スティービー・ワンダーのニューアルバムはありますか。", "en": "Do you have Stevie Wonder's new album?", "tatoeba_id": 214643 }, { "ja": "ニュービジネスアイディアの開発は誰もが望む理想的なことだろう。", "en": "The development of a new business idea is no doubt the ideal that everybody wishes for.", "tatoeba_id": 74826 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "28ef0fe61cadeebf49937e97632042a177b2498d3f931f8a33287f702d783e4f", "meanings": [ "新" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "スティービー・ワンダーのニューアルバムはありますか。", "zh": "有史蒂夫·旺达的新专辑吗？" }, { "ja": "ニュービジネスアイディアの開発は誰もが望む理想的なことだろう。", "zh": "开发新商业创意大概是人人渴望的理想。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c2bed1715c", "JMdict ent_seq 1091340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "561e90726fe2fe0ab49ad7b96d29a3b122d7ec1277d76d25401827174449400f" } }, { "id": "cd6328c488", "word": "入手", "reading": "にゅうしゅ", "romaji": "nyuushu", "meanings": [ "obtaining", "coming to hand" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1466290, "examples": [ { "ja": "これらの品目は入手がかなり困難だ。", "furigana": "これらの{品目|ひんもく}は{入手|にゅうしゅ}がかなり{困難|こんなん}だ。", "en": "These items are rather hard to obtain.", "tatoeba_id": 217795 }, { "ja": "私は彼から直接その情報を入手した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{彼|かれ}から{直接|ちょくせつ}その{情報|じょうほう}を{入手|にゅうしゅ}した。", "en": "I got the information from him directly.", "tatoeba_id": 154536 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d9ac8620ce20d4b62fe2754dd644f42ede244e98f7e1fa179ba302dd78fd63db", "meanings": [ "获得" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これらの品目は入手がかなり困難だ。", "zh": "这些物品相当难弄到。" }, { "ja": "私は彼から直接その情報を入手した。", "zh": "我直接从他那里获得了信息。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cd6328c488", "JMdict ent_seq 1466290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b357583ef1e300c001566bf924d94d8f24b40622b0c3f46963120f0b3f9571e1" } }, { "id": "340d51444a", "word": "入賞", "reading": "にゅうしょう", "romaji": "nyuushou", "meanings": [ "winning a prize or place (in a contest)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1466330, "examples": [ { "ja": "その少女はリサイタルでのすばらしい踊りで、入賞した。", "furigana": "その{少女|しょうじょ}はリサイタルでのすばらしい{踊|おど}りで、{入賞|にゅうしょう}した。", "en": "The girl took the cake for her wonderful dancing at the recital.", "tatoeba_id": 209209 }, { "ja": "君が入賞したのにはびっくりした。", "furigana": "{君|きみ}が{入賞|にゅうしょう}したのにはびっくりした。", "en": "I was surprised that you won the prize.", "tatoeba_id": 178915 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e915b76ea5c677a9e58b1dcc9f4d41bae2ae78ed3ee8ceeb9cb7372ede872db6", "meanings": [ "获奖" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その少女はリサイタルでのすばらしい踊りで、入賞した。", "zh": "那个女孩因在演出中的精彩舞蹈而获奖。" }, { "ja": "君が入賞したのにはびっくりした。", "zh": "你获奖让我很吃惊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/340d51444a", "JMdict ent_seq 1466330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bb15cb03c9dc1adabaa0fd07fa65f11f21d3e364d8e50f8d3aa52c06c1c6e60b" } }, { "id": "7e1cd0971f", "word": "入浴", "reading": "にゅうよく", "romaji": "nyuuyoku", "meanings": [ "bathe", "bathing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1466820, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は１日おきに入浴する。", "en": "I take a bath every other day.", "tatoeba_id": 162030 }, { "ja": "水不足のために入浴できなかった。", "furigana": "{水不足|みずぶそく}のために{入浴|にゅうよく}できなかった。", "en": "Because of the water shortage, I couldn't take a bath.", "tatoeba_id": 143642 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d79ab779701b84304f7201c0bc898bbc67a87738b608554ec136a7310499b22f", "meanings": [ "洗澡" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は１日おきに入浴する。", "zh": "我隔一天洗一次澡。" }, { "ja": "水不足のために入浴できなかった。", "zh": "因为缺水无法洗澡。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7e1cd0971f", "JMdict ent_seq 1466820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "32edf8baab9c115403c567679e1ef74ecaf00ad4f69027c372ccf093f266b1ff" } }, { "id": "921b6cc773", "word": "尿", "reading": "にょう", "romaji": "nyou", "meanings": [ "urine" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1467040, "examples": [ { "ja": "いつもより尿の回数が多いです。", "furigana": "いつもより{尿|にょう}の{回数|かいすう}が{多|おお}いです。", "en": "I urinate more often than usual.", "tatoeba_id": 228735 }, { "ja": "このカップに尿をとってください。", "furigana": "このカップに{尿|にょう}をとってください。", "en": "Please leave a urine sample in this cup.", "tatoeba_id": 223901 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e6aed362ed080c761876750b128d6b49dbeb094b120e099707259fd0b6bbf0ba", "meanings": [ "尿液" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "いつもより尿の回数が多いです。", "zh": "排尿次数比平时多。" }, { "ja": "このカップに尿をとってください。", "zh": "请把尿液留在这个杯子里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/921b6cc773", "JMdict ent_seq 1467040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f3a5e32c4e245631f0cfaafe8b8ab092d44570597cbda2e6fd3e7af34d4b47f2" } }, { "id": "013e8ffafb", "word": "認識", "reading": "にんしき", "romaji": "ninshiki", "meanings": [ "recognition", "cognizance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1467550, "examples": [ { "ja": "美の認識は倫理の検査となり得る。", "furigana": "{美|び}の{認識|にんしき}は{倫理|りんり}の{検査|けんさ}となり{得|え}る。", "en": "The perception of beauty is a moral test.", "tatoeba_id": 85557 }, { "ja": "世界は彼を認識していなかった。", "furigana": "{世界|せかい}は{彼|かれ}を{認識|にんしき}していなかった。", "en": "The world did not recognize him.", "tatoeba_id": 143465 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "dad21e515390621759665dfbe2b428551683f7eb1cd18e7a9d0a5a91ea21387d", "meanings": [ "认识", "识别" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "美の認識は倫理の検査となり得る。", "zh": "对美的认识可以成为伦理的检验。" }, { "ja": "世界は彼を認識していなかった。", "zh": "世界没有认识到他。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/013e8ffafb", "JMdict ent_seq 1467550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3afd321f6f1f8e1f48a74a5434803277b69a88dfcce46159af1462173090a183" } }, { "id": "483fe21dee", "word": "人情", "reading": "にんじょう", "romaji": "ninjou", "meanings": [ "humanity", "empathy", "kindness", "sympathy", "human nature", "common sense", "customs and manners" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1368180, "examples": [ { "ja": "隣近所に対して見栄を張るのは人情ですよ。", "furigana": "{隣近所|となりきんじょ}に{対|たい}して{見栄|みえ}を{張|は}るのは{人情|にんじょう}ですよ。", "en": "It's only natural to keep up with the Joneses.", "tatoeba_id": 77752 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "da9bdff3158557f9a208d9662bfdf2b0c4c7491e056c5f27ff804f00015959db", "meanings": [ "人情", "人性" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "隣近所に対して見栄を張るのは人情ですよ。", "zh": "在邻居面前爱摆阔是人之常情。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/483fe21dee", "JMdict ent_seq 1368180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4fa26d02f4bc915672b7c72ff4d7acf740e86cfa2f500d2d8c8cb668e8840ed7" } }, { "id": "f91583d66a", "word": "妊娠", "reading": "にんしん", "romaji": "ninshin", "meanings": [ "conception", "pregnancy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1467350, "examples": [ { "ja": "妊娠検査を受けたいのです。", "en": "I'd like to get a pregnancy test.", "tatoeba_id": 122035 }, { "ja": "彼女は彼の子を妊娠して幸せです。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{彼|かれ}の{子|こ}を{妊娠|にんしん}して{幸|しあわ}せです。", "en": "She is happy to have conceived a baby by him.", "tatoeba_id": 87310 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5de770c7d1b8b1a3493f0f6b5de972a5f326914a44f25464ea51708a1ed6c392", "meanings": [ "怀孕" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "妊娠検査を受けたいのです。", "zh": "我想做妊娠检查。" }, { "ja": "彼女は彼の子を妊娠して幸せです。", "zh": "她怀上他的孩子，很幸福。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f91583d66a", "JMdict ent_seq 1467350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "608284ef6b37b0f762e8e0aedc15082f26e624c098b70d8cc2845f3de4b708c8" } }, { "id": "5419458333", "word": "任務", "reading": "にんむ", "romaji": "ninmu", "meanings": [ "duty", "function", "office", "mission", "task" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1467260, "examples": [ { "ja": "大使はその任務に対して責任がある。", "furigana": "{大使|たいし}はその{任務|にんむ}に{対|たい}して{責任|せきにん}がある。", "en": "The ambassador is responsible for the assignment.", "tatoeba_id": 137533 }, { "ja": "この任務はすべての任務に優先する。", "furigana": "この{任務|にんむ}はすべての{任務|にんむ}に{優先|ゆうせん}する。", "en": "This duty has priority over all others.", "tatoeba_id": 220224 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b0b13080420351c9422386d14b82869ec9e6045ffc9e268cf02f1259508ac403", "meanings": [ "任务" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大使はその任務に対して責任がある。", "zh": "大使对那项任务负责。" }, { "ja": "この任務はすべての任務に優先する。", "zh": "这项任务优先于所有其他任务。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5419458333", "JMdict ent_seq 1467260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "73894d771321cf4ecb10747d37731f3ec57b51045ae467e00090d58ec9ba02f4" } }, { "id": "513b728441", "word": "任命", "reading": "にんめい", "romaji": "ninmei", "meanings": [ "appointment", "nomination", "ordination", "commission", "designation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1467280, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはウッド氏を議長に任命した。", "en": "We appointed Mr Wood chairman.", "tatoeba_id": 166601 }, { "ja": "彼らはスミスさんを議長に任命した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはスミスさんを{議長|ぎちょう}に{任命|にんめい}した。", "en": "They appointed Miss Smith chairperson.", "tatoeba_id": 98014 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f0432c22f83a72d72216281035142edd660b46ab85020a1084fe3bef7e98bb84", "meanings": [ "任命" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちはウッド氏を議長に任命した。", "zh": "我们任命伍德先生为主席。" }, { "ja": "彼らはスミスさんを議長に任命した。", "zh": "他们任命史密斯先生为主席。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/513b728441", "JMdict ent_seq 1467280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "20a7abc128059d2e385456b8b808fc2f1f7bbb6e434a7b55d28efb3ab5a015d4" } }, { "id": "d82897d470", "word": "抜かす", "reading": "ぬかす", "romaji": "nukasu", "meanings": [ "to omit", "to say (derogatory)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1478120, "examples": [ { "ja": "は？グダグダ抜かすんじゃねぇ。それでもオトコか。", "furigana": "は？グダグダ{抜|ぬ}かすんじゃねぇ。それでもオトコか。", "en": "Huh? Don't be so whiny! And you call yourself a man!", "tatoeba_id": 76486 }, { "ja": "どうして試験で最初の問題を抜かしたの？", "en": "Why did you leave out the first question in the exam?", "tatoeba_id": 201447 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c06e1fed2c2ad400bf8c0bb8559ad336926ed2620be0ccf60584e7d9ac90b3b0", "meanings": [ "省略", "说" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "は？グダグダ抜かすんじゃねぇ。それでもオトコか。", "zh": "哈？别唧唧歪歪了。你还是不是男人？" }, { "ja": "どうして試験で最初の問題を抜かしたの？", "zh": "为什么你考试时漏掉了第一题？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d82897d470", "JMdict ent_seq 1478120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7dd2ee0d3318df9725cdc3036a3fb69904d54addbaf7d3c6141994212dda0c79" } }, { "id": "1190b0f9c4", "word": "抜け出す", "reading": "ぬけだす", "romaji": "nukedasu", "meanings": [ "to slip out", "to sneak away", "to excel" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1478220, "examples": [ { "ja": "あ、みんなには内緒だよ？寮を夜中に抜け出すのは厳罰だからね？", "furigana": "あ、みんなには{内緒|ないしょ}だよ？{寮|りょう}を{夜中|よなか}に{抜|ぬ}け{出|だ}すのは{厳罰|げんばつ}だからね？", "en": "Oh, that's a secret, OK? Because slipping out of the dorm in the night is severely punished.", "tatoeba_id": 75217 }, { "ja": "彼女はそっと部屋から抜け出した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はそっと{部屋|へや}から{抜|ぬ}け{出|だ}した。", "en": "She softly stole out of the room.", "tatoeba_id": 92628 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "41247e29b14e7b673b573bf9fb1e7adb09d4cd1436e27a8b5547064cda3bfadc", "meanings": [ "溜走", "脱身" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あ、みんなには内緒だよ？寮を夜中に抜け出すのは厳罰だからね？", "zh": "啊，别告诉大家哦？半夜溜出宿舍可是要受重罚的。" }, { "ja": "彼女はそっと部屋から抜け出した。", "zh": "她悄悄溜出了房间。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1190b0f9c4", "JMdict ent_seq 1478220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b1ae485eee9d7e49c6a9c761715b52efc19bf4cc2a4e454726c637094c47a58f" } }, { "id": "44894d8fd0", "word": "盗み", "reading": "ぬすみ", "romaji": "nusumi", "meanings": [ "stealing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1448400, "examples": [ { "ja": "その少年は盗みをしかねない。", "furigana": "その{少年|しょうねん}は{盗|ぬす}みをしかねない。", "en": "The boy is capable of robbery.", "tatoeba_id": 209042 }, { "ja": "彼は盗みをするような人ではない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{盗|ぬす}みをするような{人|ひと}ではない。", "en": "He isn't the kind of person who steals.", "tatoeba_id": 101748 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d0722b5b83a8be8ee5ba720d50f531495c9e5fa9b854b8a233d1d3dfb9ddd6b1", "meanings": [ "偷窃" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その少年は盗みをしかねない。", "zh": "那个男孩有可能偷东西。" }, { "ja": "彼は盗みをするような人ではない。", "zh": "他不是会偷东西的人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/44894d8fd0", "JMdict ent_seq 1448400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "10a06bffa01ca7bde3a6ac771be691f0bd261b66f3dd1fe670da904f11e0cd4a" } }, { "id": "54bb39a184", "word": "沼", "reading": "ぬま", "romaji": "numa", "meanings": [ "swamp", "bog", "pond", "lake" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1350010, "examples": [ { "ja": "その沼にはサギがたくさん住んでいる。", "furigana": "その{沼|ぬま}にはサギがたくさん{住|す}んでいる。", "en": "Lots of herons live in the marsh.", "tatoeba_id": 209007 }, { "ja": "ここに小さな沼があります。", "furigana": "ここに{小|ちい}さな{沼|ぬま}があります。", "en": "There is a small pond here.", "tatoeba_id": 146998 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d1764b99c3b51119fe28065b2b1493cc767d9c6e671d19ce29e5808880005e7e", "meanings": [ "沼泽" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その沼にはサギがたくさん住んでいる。", "zh": "那片沼泽里生活着许多鹭。" }, { "ja": "ここに小さな沼があります。", "zh": "这里有一个小沼泽。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/54bb39a184", "JMdict ent_seq 1350010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0aea019a73c7d07e2ca1079c4acae77b55a7a30f5e4b82ad42bab138647de6dd" } }, { "id": "88e26cec55", "word": "音", "reading": "ね", "romaji": "ne", "meanings": [ "sound", "note" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2859162, "examples": [ { "ja": "音は静まり次第に消えて行った。", "en": "The music gradually died away.", "tatoeba_id": 188314 }, { "ja": "音の出る辞書はもはや夢でない。", "en": "A talking dictionary is no longer a fantasy.", "tatoeba_id": 188319 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "099854d434ea37fa851e464d8db13741e47770033e8a40019f230ad84712c566", "meanings": [ "声音", "音色" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "音は静まり次第に消えて行った。", "zh": "声音渐渐平息并消失。" }, { "ja": "音の出る辞書はもはや夢でない。", "zh": "能发声的词典已不再是梦想。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/88e26cec55", "JMdict ent_seq 2859162; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c556f6b33bb7f4344771f145d01aab750651d64fad76aede0cbae3ea1e2efe8f" } }, { "id": "376a26250c", "word": "音色", "reading": "ねいろ", "romaji": "neiro", "meanings": [ "tone color", "tone quality", "timbre", "synthesizer patch" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1576910, "examples": [ { "ja": "このギターは音色があっている。", "furigana": "このギターは{音色|ねいろ}があっている。", "en": "The guitar is in tune.", "tatoeba_id": 223869 }, { "ja": "バイオリンの音色はとても美しい。", "furigana": "バイオリンの{音色|ねいろ}はとても{美|うつく}しい。", "en": "The sound of the violin is very sweet.", "tatoeba_id": 198358 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "87c4dac6f632834147d13a0492a6a0e35cb64a1f950bdff4e1deb59c8d2f6d7c", "meanings": [ "音色" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このギターは音色があっている。", "zh": "这把吉他的音色合适。" }, { "ja": "バイオリンの音色はとても美しい。", "zh": "小提琴的音色很美。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/376a26250c", "JMdict ent_seq 1576910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1f9cc3c156e43b1bae6d956548c8b979ec5dc78cecd087dbd00915c8bec251d9" } }, { "id": "82499bdec6", "word": "値打ち", "reading": "ねうち", "romaji": "neuchi", "meanings": [ "value", "worth", "price", "dignity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1420340, "examples": [ { "ja": "この車は修理するだけの値打ちはない。", "furigana": "この{車|くるま}は{修理|しゅうり}するだけの{値打|ねう}ちはない。", "en": "It isn't worth repairing this car.", "tatoeba_id": 221388 }, { "ja": "わらの男でも金の女の値打ちがある。", "furigana": "わらの{男|おとこ}でも{金|きん}の{女|おんな}の{値打|ねう}ちがある。", "en": "A man of straw is worth a woman of gold.", "tatoeba_id": 191753 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b1efd0ad958c8baf569fdb309d6207002a219e8e09690169fe907666f91dc473", "meanings": [ "价值", "值得" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この車は修理するだけの値打ちはない。", "zh": "这辆车不值得修理。" }, { "ja": "わらの男でも金の女の値打ちがある。", "zh": "即使是稻草男，也比得上黄金女的价值。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/82499bdec6", "JMdict ent_seq 1420340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3502e15e826ea775e92c94dc8a5b1e5302188374a92d2364370805f156407fda" } }, { "id": "17b1b51e96", "word": "ネガ", "reading": "ネガ", "romaji": "nega", "meanings": [ "(photographic) negative" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1092770, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は写真のネガを現像した。", "en": "He developed the photographic negative." }, { "ja": "彼女は時々ネガに考える。", "en": "She sometimes thinks negatively." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "aee59058fd5ce211debdd3ae2e1a53390d5cf2d5e35335e837b26f8e8b77da62", "meanings": [ "底片", "负面" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は写真のネガを現像した。", "zh": "他冲洗了照片底片。" }, { "ja": "彼女は時々ネガに考える。", "zh": "她有时想法消极。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/17b1b51e96", "JMdict ent_seq 1092770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6cb7cbfd733457ce5fc481905720cfcf1c5ef1f46d3d62e54f69272e3e46ee2b" } }, { "id": "4c90b6d71c", "word": "寝かせる", "reading": "ねかせる", "romaji": "nekaseru", "meanings": [ "to put to bed", "to lay down", "to ferment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1359970, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は子供をそっと寝かせた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{子供|こども}をそっと{寝|ね}かせた。", "en": "She laid the child down gently.", "tatoeba_id": 89720 }, { "ja": "子供を寝かせてもらえますか。", "furigana": "{子供|こども}を{寝|ね}かせてもらえますか。", "en": "Can you put the children to bed?", "tatoeba_id": 168477 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "19285d4fcfeb75cda25be97f74ae7ae36c31b2d693c8468d1246ac088c1010cd", "meanings": [ "让睡", "放倒" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は子供をそっと寝かせた。", "zh": "她轻轻让孩子躺下睡觉。" }, { "ja": "子供を寝かせてもらえますか。", "zh": "能让孩子睡觉吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4c90b6d71c", "JMdict ent_seq 1359970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c4511f06a06c8a0f45cf7fdcc6147e9f6278bb5728d5c4e437de9c195847d7fc" } }, { "id": "d512e45d85", "word": "ねじ回し", "reading": "ねじまわし", "romaji": "nejimawashi", "meanings": [ "screwdriver" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1009890, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのねじまわしを私は、友人から借りた。", "furigana": "そのねじまわしを{私|わたし}は、{友人|ゆうじん}から{借|か}りた。", "en": "I borrowed the screwdriver from a friend of mine.", "tatoeba_id": 212776 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "73a10eb4b02801c8c86780752d43f1925078086aabccf3709b120d4517d87920", "meanings": [ "螺丝刀" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのねじまわしを私は、友人から借りた。", "zh": "我从朋友那里借了那把螺丝刀。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d512e45d85", "JMdict ent_seq 1009890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "af352e8f4dbbd20fd0c7eea941974680b7623592670d35312ad0ee3f3b7a863c" } }, { "id": "a8b71cab9b", "word": "捻じれる", "reading": "ねじれる", "romaji": "nejireru", "meanings": [ "to twist", "to wrench", "to screw" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1600150, "examples": [ { "ja": "ほのかな光が俺のねじれた視界を幻影に変えてゆく。", "furigana": "ほのかな{光|ひかり}が{俺|おれ}のねじれた{視界|しかい}を{幻影|げんえい}に{変|か}えてゆく。", "en": "Light shines on my sigh of doubt.", "tatoeba_id": 196096 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "093a24cddd236969b66f29686164af4b9bc9f1f138e15c2a12ffd024cdec3f43", "meanings": [ "扭曲" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ほのかな光が俺のねじれた視界を幻影に変えてゆく。", "zh": "微光将我扭曲的视野变成了幻影。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a8b71cab9b", "JMdict ent_seq 1600150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c25572b5cd6f103a1022c48b96863c7926b7e93b3e0115a5bcf6c204c252663a" } }, { "id": "1ac6d9ceaf", "word": "鼠", "reading": "ねず", "romaji": "nezu", "meanings": [ "mouse", "rat", "dark gray", "slate color" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2863070, "examples": [ { "ja": "鼠が穴に隠れた。", "en": "The mouse hid in a hole." }, { "ja": "ここに鼠が一匹いる。", "en": "There is one mouse here." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "79a92ce996c2d18739b7ebcf52362c7566dc52c9465e69b396173ce7c7a025c3", "meanings": [ "鼠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "鼠が穴に隠れた。", "zh": "老鼠躲进了洞里。" }, { "ja": "ここに鼠が一匹いる。", "zh": "这里有一只老鼠。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1ac6d9ceaf", "JMdict ent_seq 2863070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "ねず是较少见的读法；常见读法是ねずみ。", "review_hash": "50e1835d98240606b94f3462b680c32b5c67b427febee5cfd4e651a39ee81462" } }, { "id": "ab01ab7345", "word": "妬む", "reading": "ねたむ", "romaji": "netamu", "meanings": [ "to be jealous", "to be envious" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1444380, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は君の成功をねたんでいる。", "en": "He begrudges you your success.", "tatoeba_id": 108045 }, { "ja": "彼女は隣の人の幸運を妬んでいた。", "en": "She was jealous of her neighbor's good fortune.", "tatoeba_id": 86246 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ef4ddd5c5fc5ca21d3682035f1377bbf920e59412969a37db3f0cc78524ac9e6", "meanings": [ "嫉妒" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は君の成功をねたんでいる。", "zh": "他嫉妒你的成功。" }, { "ja": "彼女は隣の人の幸運を妬んでいた。", "zh": "她嫉妒邻居的好运。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ab01ab7345", "JMdict ent_seq 1444380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "accf70aa53a527fcfcb54b42e57e653659dc4e336914085f182d9633ef9a28a0" } }, { "id": "9b6551f601", "word": "強請る", "reading": "ねだる", "romaji": "nedaru", "meanings": [ "to tease", "to coax", "to solicit", "to demand" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1236410, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は父にねだってとうとう新車を買ってもらった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{父|ちち}にねだってとうとう{新車|しんしゃ}を{買|か}ってもらった。", "en": "He finally talked his father into buying a new car.", "tatoeba_id": 100405 }, { "ja": "男の子は新しい自転車をねだった。", "furigana": "{男|おとこ}の{子|こ}は{新|あたら}しい{自転車|じてんしゃ}をねだった。", "en": "The boy begged for a new bicycle.", "tatoeba_id": 127236 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1745289b15d2ebddb38fc0ef525a8b494d9137826ef55e2ba6061a187cb89af5", "meanings": [ "央求", "缠着要" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は父にねだってとうとう新車を買ってもらった。", "zh": "他缠着父亲，终于让父亲给他买了新车。" }, { "ja": "男の子は新しい自転車をねだった。", "zh": "男孩缠着要一辆新自行车。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9b6551f601", "JMdict ent_seq 1236410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5530e57713b7646ea4b78cffa1bd61ad68ed5b8a424b729cca40f3dbc209bac1" } }, { "id": "0424f1858b", "word": "熱意", "reading": "ねつい", "romaji": "netsui", "meanings": [ "zeal", "enthusiasm" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1467760, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は自分の仕事にぜんぜん熱意を示さない。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{自分|じぶん}の{仕事|しごと}にぜんぜん{熱意|ねつい}を{示|しめ}さない。", "en": "She shows no zeal for her work.", "tatoeba_id": 89037 }, { "ja": "知識のない熱意は暴れ馬のようなもの。", "furigana": "{知識|ちしき}のない{熱意|ねつい}は{暴|あば}れ{馬|うま}のようなもの。", "en": "Zeal without knowledge is a runaway horse.", "tatoeba_id": 127052 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7efd95ed7fa1773d3411e05638fb7758dcd47256e14442766cadc7fb593f711c", "meanings": [ "热情" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は自分の仕事にぜんぜん熱意を示さない。", "zh": "她对自己的工作毫无热情。" }, { "ja": "知識のない熱意は暴れ馬のようなもの。", "zh": "没有知识的热情就像脱缰的野马。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0424f1858b", "JMdict ent_seq 1467760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c6694ee26663a2e600952dc5afb51653842722ed770a1007d3d714c90e8dd553" } }, { "id": "9dd688ef2b", "word": "熱湯", "reading": "ねっとう", "romaji": "nettou", "meanings": [ "boiling water" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1467960, "examples": [ { "ja": "ポットに熱湯をいっぱい入れてください。", "furigana": "ポットに{熱湯|ねっとう}をいっぱい{入|い}れてください。", "en": "Please fill the teapot with boiling water.", "tatoeba_id": 196227 }, { "ja": "彼女はカップに熱湯を注いだ。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はカップに{熱湯|ねっとう}を{注|そそ}いだ。", "en": "She poured boiling water into the cup.", "tatoeba_id": 93040 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cf2db33da6c5943c6aaa28c24e5c8b5cc8e60e7c8b3d4e4e504d9b4fec0d8ee7", "meanings": [ "开水" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ポットに熱湯をいっぱい入れてください。", "zh": "请把热水瓶装满开水。" }, { "ja": "彼女はカップに熱湯を注いだ。", "zh": "她把开水倒进杯子里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9dd688ef2b", "JMdict ent_seq 1467960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "af80c06c222053924d3f42ba31019830a67830ebdf03e7718ee28429dfbe8a14" } }, { "id": "64e8f7eda0", "word": "熱量", "reading": "ねつりょう", "romaji": "netsuryou", "meanings": [ "quantity of heat", "heat value", "enthusiasm" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1468010, "examples": [ { "ja": "この食品は熱量が高い。", "en": "This food has a high energy value." }, { "ja": "彼は熱量を込めて音楽を語った。", "en": "He spoke passionately about music." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f3595cd0d417f6eaee7a5332f28ac052dae2553f304ac751a591ab82bec5a9dc", "meanings": [ "热量", "热情" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この食品は熱量が高い。", "zh": "这种食物的热量很高。" }, { "ja": "彼は熱量を込めて音楽を語った。", "zh": "他热情高涨地谈论音乐。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/64e8f7eda0", "JMdict ent_seq 1468010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3062498db58eb4607279c1d2178d982e23a3b15e984f68d4b7704d2f243e698f" } }, { "id": "13c19c8395", "word": "粘り", "reading": "ねばり", "romaji": "nebari", "meanings": [ "stickyness", "viscosity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1469670, "examples": [ { "ja": "次には、これらのやの上に絹の糸をさらに張り、巣の中央に滑らかで、粘りのない部分を残す。", "furigana": "{次|つぎ}には、これらのやの{上|うえ}に{絹|きぬ}の{糸|いと}をさらに{張|は}り、{巣|す}の{中央|ちゅうおう}に{滑|なめ}らかで、{粘|ねば}りのない{部分|ぶぶん}を{残|のこ}す。", "en": "Then it draws more silky lines across these spokes, leaving a smooth, non-sticky patch in the middle of the web.", "tatoeba_id": 150392 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "77451f383448616f2e47a08ec84d43b0b6326b20dd641809c166ec29ff592d67", "meanings": [ "黏性", "韧劲" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "次には、これらのやの上に絹の糸をさらに張り、巣の中央に滑らかで、粘りのない部分を残す。", "zh": "接着在这些辐条上再铺丝线，留下巢中心光滑而没有黏性的部分。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/13c19c8395", "JMdict ent_seq 1469670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2ab8c7eb91e480b7c2ca0b5fa6f9eb736e177e64ca1e4f6a82765002d7279c88" } }, { "id": "946e4b8b9b", "word": "粘る", "reading": "ねばる", "romaji": "nebaru", "meanings": [ "to be sticky", "to be adhesive", "to persevere", "to persist", "to stick to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1469700, "examples": [ { "ja": "トムはマラソン大会で最後まで粘るも、ライバルに敗れた。", "en": "Even though Tom stuck it out to the end of the marathon, he lost to his rival.", "tatoeba_id": 9856994 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "98172bbdce83d6be966f50cba1fc31994a2d7c7af82b6b1e7c9bd92ef55c0a46", "meanings": [ "黏", "坚持" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "トムはマラソン大会で最後まで粘るも、ライバルに敗れた。", "zh": "汤姆在马拉松中坚持到最后，但输给了对手。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/946e4b8b9b", "JMdict ent_seq 1469700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e46443dcac08bfa9ebf3669de4cec83d6c28f220249fef179932f293c88c3a08" } }, { "id": "9f42d19e42", "word": "値引き", "reading": "ねびき", "romaji": "nebiki", "meanings": [ "price reduction", "discount" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1600190, "examples": [ { "ja": "価格を値引きする店もあります。", "furigana": "{価格|かかく}を{値引|ねび}きする{店|みせ}もあります。", "en": "Some stores discount the price.", "tatoeba_id": 187277 }, { "ja": "どのくらいなら値引きできますか。", "furigana": "どのくらいなら{値引|ねび}きできますか。", "en": "How much of a discount can you give?", "tatoeba_id": 200426 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "090fffd25229ba69a252300b337ca5646708220c8907855c2f475b1b055961f5", "meanings": [ "降价", "折扣" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "価格を値引きする店もあります。", "zh": "有些店会降价。" }, { "ja": "どのくらいなら値引きできますか。", "zh": "能打多少折？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9f42d19e42", "JMdict ent_seq 1600190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2d4db50bc225c1022bb475712430d88475fc6753b074bb15ea82d4d150940c4d" } }, { "id": "48a804961e", "word": "根回し", "reading": "ねまわし", "romaji": "nemawashi", "meanings": [ "making necessary arrangements" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1290090, "examples": [ { "ja": "大統領は辞任する前にお金に困らないように根回しした。", "furigana": "{大統領|だいとうりょう}は{辞任|じにん}する{前|まえ}にお{金|かね}に{困|こま}らないように{根回|ねまわ}しした。", "en": "The president made certain that he lined his pockets before he resigned.", "tatoeba_id": 137330 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ec6a0b69282e8f5b3124915dbd40783413ba54572493d6bdf7a82ee4db198eb8", "meanings": [ "事先打点" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大統領は辞任する前にお金に困らないように根回しした。", "zh": "总统辞职前事先安排好，以免陷入经济困难。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/48a804961e", "JMdict ent_seq 1290090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "461fbaf11dc87304fd7c8f9bba0a3590a16e4fd8c6fbc6f306ba897ba9aaf732" } }, { "id": "f373251362", "word": "眠たい", "reading": "ねむたい", "romaji": "nemutai", "meanings": [ "sleepy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1529360, "examples": [ { "ja": "その薬を飲むと私はとても眠たくなりました。", "furigana": "その{薬|くすり}を{飲|の}むと{私|わたし}はとても{眠|ねむ}たくなりました。", "en": "The medicine made me very sleepy.", "tatoeba_id": 206294 }, { "ja": "ちょうど目を覚ましたところで私はまだ眠たかった。", "furigana": "ちょうど{目|め}を{覚|さ}ましたところで{私|わたし}はまだ{眠|ねむ}たかった。", "en": "I'd just woken up and was still drowsy.", "tatoeba_id": 202882 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "de1dda26ad6c433f41f5012bd60447dcca1a2bdefcd91f425237ac7890100d62", "meanings": [ "困倦" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その薬を飲むと私はとても眠たくなりました。", "zh": "吃了那种药我变得非常困。" }, { "ja": "ちょうど目を覚ましたところで私はまだ眠たかった。", "zh": "我刚醒，还很困。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f373251362", "JMdict ent_seq 1529360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "96441a3c7919ca01b24d14dd9e8a7a810c9231d275660b0019c37f36a1942552" } }, { "id": "3e7fc9179d", "word": "練る", "reading": "ねる", "romaji": "neru", "meanings": [ "to knead", "to work over", "to polish up" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1559140, "examples": [ { "ja": "タイムをとって作戦を練ろう。", "furigana": "タイムをとって{作戦|さくせん}を{練|ね}ろう。", "en": "Let's take time out to elaborate a strategy.", "tatoeba_id": 203888 }, { "ja": "私の心と思いとを練り清めてください。", "en": "Try out my reins and my heart.", "tatoeba_id": 163275 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c9691297f4a39ddb98718f49b30d6679eddab8b4fdb18dd9d0d49830b5512098", "meanings": [ "揉", "推敲" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "タイムをとって作戦を練ろう。", "zh": "叫个暂停，商量一下战术吧。" }, { "ja": "私の心と思いとを練り清めてください。", "zh": "请磨炼净化我的心与思想。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3e7fc9179d", "JMdict ent_seq 1559140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b053ac4931dc7b57f9e8c2c6a8b1eb2600e81e8fe4ebc3e7a733fe66cb249a3f" } }, { "id": "418d241aaa", "word": "念", "reading": "ねん", "romaji": "nen", "meanings": [ "sense", "idea", "thought", "feeling", "desire", "concern", "attention", "care" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1469320, "examples": [ { "ja": "その光景を見て私は驚異の念にうたれた。", "furigana": "その{光景|こうけい}を{見|み}て{私|わたし}は{驚異|きょうい}の{念|ねん}にうたれた。", "en": "The sight struck me with wonder.", "tatoeba_id": 210768 }, { "ja": "犠牲者には深い同情の念を覚えます。", "furigana": "{犠牲者|ぎせいしゃ}には{深|ふか}い{同情|どうじょう}の{念|ねん}を{覚|おぼ}えます。", "en": "I feel profound sympathy for the victims.", "tatoeba_id": 182926 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0a2dd46953c7ae0579665f05a80e23cc1816b70099b053ee571d5db0691ed8a1", "meanings": [ "念头", "感情" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その光景を見て私は驚異の念にうたれた。", "zh": "看到那景象，我心生惊奇。" }, { "ja": "犠牲者には深い同情の念を覚えます。", "zh": "我对受害者深感同情。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/418d241aaa", "JMdict ent_seq 1469320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1293199c6bf579c519f84c0702fc455b0b606674783f08074da03f083f2175ec" } }, { "id": "ce58be090e", "word": "年鑑", "reading": "ねんかん", "romaji": "nenkan", "meanings": [ "yearbook" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1468370, "examples": [ { "ja": "この年鑑には美しい写真がたくさん載っている。", "furigana": "この{年鑑|ねんかん}には{美|うつく}しい{写真|しゃしん}がたくさん{載|の}っている。", "en": "This yearbook is illustrated with a lot of beautiful photographs.", "tatoeba_id": 220218 }, { "ja": "傾向を発見するため、１９５０年から１９７０年までのＸＹＺ年鑑を調べた。", "furigana": "{傾向|けいこう}を{発見|はっけん}するため、１９５０{年|ねん}から１９７０{年|ねん}までのＸＹＺ{年鑑|ねんかん}を{調|しら}べた。", "en": "The XYZ Almanacs from 1950 to 1970 were studied to discover the trend.", "tatoeba_id": 176647 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0f3e01c150fa7f9cf40a4d59ecdd4a7367edbb3569abb0f8532406a576368983", "meanings": [ "年鉴" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この年鑑には美しい写真がたくさん載っている。", "zh": "这本年鉴里有许多漂亮照片。" }, { "ja": "傾向を発見するため、１９５０年から１９７０年までのＸＹＺ年鑑を調べた。", "zh": "为了发现趋势，调查了1950年至1970年的XYZ年鉴。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ce58be090e", "JMdict ent_seq 1468370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "96f8a722f43ea6b900fa91dcb01f9a590f1c6dc0317c55dfe7e356d08f2d6f1c" } }, { "id": "f8ba57f00f", "word": "年号", "reading": "ねんごう", "romaji": "nengou", "meanings": [ "name of an era", "year number" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1468650, "examples": [ { "ja": "1989年1月昭和天皇の没後、年号が「平成」と改まりました。", "en": "The emperor passed away in January of 1989. Therefore, the name of the era changed from Showa to Heisei.", "tatoeba_id": 1703702 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "103b84827a07ec6b1383253c21b9225a865724cd0a0ce84948276302ee54d37c", "meanings": [ "年号" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "1989年1月昭和天皇の没後、年号が「平成」と改まりました。", "zh": "1989年1月昭和天皇去世后，年号改为“平成”。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f8ba57f00f", "JMdict ent_seq 1468650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "787ca0cb1ec6c002ecdcf819e99fd89050f33f7a9474ce17ba6ebaad6132b529" } }, { "id": "b4a78b922a", "word": "燃焼", "reading": "ねんしょう", "romaji": "nenshou", "meanings": [ "burning", "combustion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1469640, "examples": [ { "ja": "この種の汚染物質は主として自動車エンジンの燃焼から生まれる。", "en": "Pollutants like this derive mainly from the combustion of fuel in car engines.", "tatoeba_id": 221296 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3a7500e68da1eb7488871d9753ea90b18d13fe9077330893ae8997bfd5956ed4", "meanings": [ "燃烧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この種の汚染物質は主として自動車エンジンの燃焼から生まれる。", "zh": "这类污染物主要来自汽车发动机的燃烧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b4a78b922a", "JMdict ent_seq 1469640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ff8246a7b56f1aef4e7742d2b6c4bb7746e90866581805a7eed662b6bba87ef4" } }, { "id": "a81a657a28", "word": "年生", "reading": "ねんせい", "romaji": "nensei", "meanings": [ "pupil in .... year", "student in .... year" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1468900, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は２年生のとき学校を中退した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は２{年生|ねんせい}のとき{学校|がっこう}を{中退|ちゅうたい}した。", "en": "He dropped out of school in his second year.", "tatoeba_id": 115167 }, { "ja": "私は３年生を受け持っている。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は３{年生|ねんせい}を{受|う}け{持|も}っている。", "en": "I am in charge of the third-year class.", "tatoeba_id": 161948 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "faccfb9e193b5241b75060db70a3b048c10ffb483f42c9b17f0604e2f4b9a05f", "meanings": [ "……年级学生" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は２年生のとき学校を中退した。", "zh": "他二年级时辍学。" }, { "ja": "私は３年生を受け持っている。", "zh": "我负责三年级。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a81a657a28", "JMdict ent_seq 1468900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "940ce55b378f63b078942ee98efaacae9a9b8f5cc0ebd466bcec381ed4a51d23" } }, { "id": "6a7773d61c", "word": "年長", "reading": "ねんちょう", "romaji": "nenchou", "meanings": [ "seniority" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1469030, "examples": [ { "ja": "年長の息子たちは今は父親からまったく独立している。", "furigana": "{年長|ねんちょう}の{息子|むすこ}たちは{今|いま}は{父親|ちちおや}からまったく{独立|どくりつ}している。", "en": "The elder sons are now quite independent of their father.", "tatoeba_id": 121798 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a94a3ce545cb864e7d9a79a9c2d705ff2905160a65ada6bd42933321e6ef33dd", "meanings": [ "年长" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "年長の息子たちは今は父親からまったく独立している。", "zh": "年长的儿子们现在已经完全不依赖父亲了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6a7773d61c", "JMdict ent_seq 1469030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0a51377c2d4551b986dd64598d90df3d00b72f89ecc51f1490e2a6543ca3cd5f" } }, { "id": "fd6003e8b5", "word": "燃料", "reading": "ねんりょう", "romaji": "nenryou", "meanings": [ "fuel" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1469660, "examples": [ { "ja": "この暖房装置は石油を燃料とする。", "en": "This heating system burns oil.", "tatoeba_id": 220632 }, { "ja": "冬に向けての燃料が不足している。", "furigana": "{冬|ふゆ}に{向|む}けての{燃料|ねんりょう}が{不足|ふそく}している。", "en": "We're running short of fuel for the winter.", "tatoeba_id": 124372 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d25df6d3e336c0d0f5ba24716baee05c2b97f4921148079fc9f6c1621edfd6ec", "meanings": [ "燃料" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この暖房装置は石油を燃料とする。", "zh": "这套供暖设备以石油为燃料。" }, { "ja": "冬に向けての燃料が不足している。", "zh": "过冬燃料不足。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fd6003e8b5", "JMdict ent_seq 1469660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "67353646282d771c42a1b6e90c1163f28afd0ea8b740498d963c76ff88e44206" } }, { "id": "2bc12ccbaf", "word": "年輪", "reading": "ねんりん", "romaji": "nenrin", "meanings": [ "annual tree ring" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1469260, "examples": [ { "ja": "木の幹に年輪が見える。", "en": "Growth rings are visible on the trunk." }, { "ja": "この木の年輪を数えてみよう。", "en": "Let us count the tree rings." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "205cce4bc4423cfa3c2458fc9954785dd2d0c823545bde36764550493888ea7d", "meanings": [ "年轮" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "木の幹に年輪が見える。", "zh": "树干上可以看到年轮。" }, { "ja": "この木の年輪を数えてみよう。", "zh": "数一数这棵树的年轮。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2bc12ccbaf", "JMdict ent_seq 1469260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f54d02d02ffede881d6802ce16f873fc9236ca9e557c6cd313817c58ef5f5152" } }, { "id": "34eeb4ae79", "word": "ノイローゼ", "reading": "ノイローゼ", "romaji": "noirooze", "meanings": [ "(de:) (n) neurosis (de: Neurose)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1093780, "examples": [ { "ja": "本物のノイローゼの奴がノイローゼだなんて自称するのかね？", "furigana": "{本物|ほんもの}のノイローゼの{奴|やつ}がノイローゼだなんて{自称|じしょう}するのかね？", "en": "Do you think real neurotics really go and call themselves such?", "tatoeba_id": 74623 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c9c30f2f6e6822011f6d45879e24da0ac617a12c60c428b741a1d50ea133bd98", "meanings": [ "神经症" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "本物のノイローゼの奴がノイローゼだなんて自称するのかね？", "zh": "真正患神经症的人会自称神经症吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/34eeb4ae79", "JMdict ent_seq 1093780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b93c51354eb06bbb9fdff6f89c509aa490f7fc50831f77ecd99fdf7efed4dcba" } }, { "id": "4ac13343dc", "word": "脳", "reading": "のう", "romaji": "nou", "meanings": [ "brain", "memory" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1470380, "examples": [ { "ja": "その男は自分の脳を撃ち抜いた。", "furigana": "その{男|おとこ}は{自分|じぶん}の{脳|のう}を{撃|う}ち{抜|ぬ}いた。", "en": "The man blew out his own brains.", "tatoeba_id": 208042 }, { "ja": "脳が私たちの活動を支配している。", "furigana": "{脳|のう}が{私|わたし}たちの{活動|かつどう}を{支配|しはい}している。", "en": "Our brains control our activities.", "tatoeba_id": 121724 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a2fa177aa26b5b9c2fd15469efe51562e0b31fd29a1c9fae19ef4925f64ece8b", "meanings": [ "大脑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その男は自分の脳を撃ち抜いた。", "zh": "那人开枪击中了自己的脑部。" }, { "ja": "脳が私たちの活動を支配している。", "zh": "大脑控制我们的活动。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4ac13343dc", "JMdict ent_seq 1470380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bef5f2976ccbcec18009ad87bf3490e1aa97439b6435bc694850701e2b2d6227" } }, { "id": "c67f56091c", "word": "農耕", "reading": "のうこう", "romaji": "noukou", "meanings": [ "farming", "agriculture" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1470680, "examples": [ { "ja": "この地域では農耕が盛んだ。", "en": "Farming is thriving in this area." }, { "ja": "彼らは古代の農耕を研究した。", "en": "They studied ancient farming." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1b2863f9781a9da097df7bda094c19b14ddc7eb49ebc58414bbd7c80b7d3966d", "meanings": [ "耕作", "农业" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この地域では農耕が盛んだ。", "zh": "这一地区盛行农耕。" }, { "ja": "彼らは古代の農耕を研究した。", "zh": "他们研究古代的农耕。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c67f56091c", "JMdict ent_seq 1470680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a03ac4ed09d0ec3910b3034a5504d8299367c0e5428377fbb5500dbd55bdef0d" } }, { "id": "bdbf18b1d1", "word": "農場", "reading": "のうじょう", "romaji": "noujou", "meanings": [ "farm (agriculture)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1470720, "examples": [ { "ja": "農場は川の３マイル向こうにある。", "furigana": "{農場|のうじょう}は{川|かわ}の３マイル{向|む}こうにある。", "en": "The farm is three miles beyond the river.", "tatoeba_id": 121696 }, { "ja": "農園主は大きな農場を持っている。", "furigana": "{農園主|のうえんしゅ}は{大|おお}きな{農場|のうじょう}を{持|も}っている。", "en": "The farm owner has a large farm.", "tatoeba_id": 121713 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "95770cee25a57820f8136539b1db9be3440a1572073a074fc0dd2e4b254df06e", "meanings": [ "农场" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "農場は川の３マイル向こうにある。", "zh": "农场在河对面三英里处。" }, { "ja": "農園主は大きな農場を持っている。", "zh": "农场主拥有一座大农场。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bdbf18b1d1", "JMdict ent_seq 1470720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e026205b2a07ba25711e22f48c8331061704aaeff9d732ea8bebc265e2ab53ad" } }, { "id": "9c37735220", "word": "農地", "reading": "のうち", "romaji": "nouchi", "meanings": [ "agricultural land" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1470740, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は高い農地代を払わなければならなかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{高|たか}い{農地|のうち}{代|だい}を{払|はら}わなければならなかった。", "en": "He had to pay a high rent for his farm.", "tatoeba_id": 107305 }, { "ja": "河川の盆地には普通肥沃な農地がある。", "en": "The basin of a river usually has rich farmland.", "tatoeba_id": 186772 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1220845f3de17cfc6c8abe287faa525f942001c0dbccb3e903e23507f5fad1cf", "meanings": [ "农地" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は高い農地代を払わなければならなかった。", "zh": "他不得不支付高昂的农地费用。" }, { "ja": "河川の盆地には普通肥沃な農地がある。", "zh": "河流盆地通常有肥沃的农田。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9c37735220", "JMdict ent_seq 1470740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c5be7e1bba72466df37b5c76305e9c2e42828f5d2146cf8b4715c51f329c3502" } }, { "id": "6d57e2cc71", "word": "納入", "reading": "のうにゅう", "romaji": "nounyuu", "meanings": [ "payment", "supply" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1470090, "examples": [ { "ja": "期限までに料金を納入してください。", "en": "Please pay the fee by the deadline." }, { "ja": "業者は学校に機器を納入した。", "en": "The supplier delivered equipment to the school." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fa99d2d88836cdf5564fee41048fb800100b90be180b78ce15a9ead3dd48dcf8", "meanings": [ "缴纳", "交货" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "期限までに料金を納入してください。", "zh": "请在期限内缴纳费用。" }, { "ja": "業者は学校に機器を納入した。", "zh": "供应商向学校交付了设备。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6d57e2cc71", "JMdict ent_seq 1470090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "312e0f6cc1402f8f2d7b5719789d3453dbc1e977efdf5da65feb689cadd37023" } }, { "id": "eecad7aa7d", "word": "逃す", "reading": "のがす", "romaji": "nogasu", "meanings": [ "to let loose", "to set free", "to let escape" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1450430, "examples": [ { "ja": "この好機を逃すな。", "furigana": "この{好機|こうき}を{逃|のが}すな。", "en": "Don't let this chance slip by.", "tatoeba_id": 221990 }, { "ja": "彼女に会えるチャンスを逃して残念だ。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}に{会|あ}えるチャンスを{逃|のが}して{残念|ざんねん}だ。", "en": "I regret missing the chance to meet her.", "tatoeba_id": 94858 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c5b964b9dd5a9c78cb649e539307c287545ce5e5ae36966e3292f29b711af338", "meanings": [ "错过", "放走" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この好機を逃すな。", "zh": "不要错过这个好机会。" }, { "ja": "彼女に会えるチャンスを逃して残念だ。", "zh": "遗憾错过了见她的机会。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/eecad7aa7d", "JMdict ent_seq 1450430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "583f4fdce7efa905c935ac0a5a259f050c920443ddc0f11303978034308e8308" } }, { "id": "a982de9434", "word": "逃れる", "reading": "のがれる", "romaji": "nogareru", "meanings": [ "to escape" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1450440, "examples": [ { "ja": "責任から逃れることはできない。", "en": "You cannot escape responsibility." }, { "ja": "この定めから逃れないといけない。", "furigana": "この{定|さだ}めから{逃|のが}れないといけない。", "en": "I need to escape from this decree.", "tatoeba_id": 220462 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "aca2e0de4bc656c13f192bc30762d0fa5a92b49a1b950309a3678ad6b094974a", "meanings": [ "逃脱", "逃避" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "責任から逃れることはできない。", "zh": "不能逃避责任。" }, { "ja": "この定めから逃れないといけない。", "zh": "必须摆脱这个命运。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a982de9434", "JMdict ent_seq 1450440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "18d67310f0b6609313cd85e082b50d7bde1eccb8e4f00320c47d3914ccdb90a4" } }, { "id": "7c05439ccd", "word": "軒並み", "reading": "のきなみ", "romaji": "nokinami", "meanings": [ "row of houses" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1260380, "examples": [ { "ja": "この通りには家が軒並みに並ぶ。", "en": "Houses line this street." }, { "ja": "この通りの店は軒並み閉まった。", "en": "All the shops on this street closed." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "85b18cef1c5ebfeda4b4d9f886615556f5f5d5178656ba79da502836576197bd", "meanings": [ "一排房屋", "家家" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この通りには家が軒並みに並ぶ。", "zh": "这条街房屋一排排。" }, { "ja": "この通りの店は軒並み閉まった。", "zh": "这条街的商店全部关门了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7c05439ccd", "JMdict ent_seq 1260380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b14fd39c4d65408b50c51b175d4c7ca41d6c877ed54d3cc77073de82bef4e434" } }, { "id": "2278a3e4a3", "word": "望ましい", "reading": "のぞましい", "romaji": "nozomashii", "meanings": [ "desirable", "hoped for" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1519610, "examples": [ { "ja": "その会合には出席されることが望ましい。", "furigana": "その{会合|かいごう}には{出席|しゅっせき}されることが{望|のぞ}ましい。", "en": "It is desirable that you should attend the meeting.", "tatoeba_id": 211878 }, { "ja": "彼女はひとりでやるのが望ましい。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はひとりでやるのが{望|のぞ}ましい。", "en": "It is preferable that she do it alone.", "tatoeba_id": 91634 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7f3afe0916a3ec38dfbbf9fbbcc91a9f0652b84bb98f4d3a26de22899b16ddab", "meanings": [ "理想", "希望" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その会合には出席されることが望ましい。", "zh": "希望您能出席会议。" }, { "ja": "彼女はひとりでやるのが望ましい。", "zh": "最好让她一个人做。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2278a3e4a3", "JMdict ent_seq 1519610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c722d411b5d903d49b8dee42d75453a12959069db69ae060e2663120d3cd09e8" } }, { "id": "6772563bb9", "word": "臨む", "reading": "のぞむ", "romaji": "nozomu", "meanings": [ "to look out on", "to face", "to deal with", "to attend (function)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1555560, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はレースにのぞんで精神統一した。", "en": "He psyched himself up for the race.", "tatoeba_id": 110331 }, { "ja": "心身共にベストのコンディションで新人養成合宿に臨みましょう。", "en": "With both mind and body in their best condition, let's look forward to the newcomers' training camp.", "tatoeba_id": 74812 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c460509864ee598a84d1aba95efd8d1c2b8c3c88c2adcac9c4eec3be2a53feca", "meanings": [ "面对", "参加" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はレースにのぞんで精神統一した。", "zh": "他面临比赛时集中精神。" }, { "ja": "心身共にベストのコンディションで新人養成合宿に臨みましょう。", "zh": "让我们以身心最佳状态参加新人培训集训。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6772563bb9", "JMdict ent_seq 1555560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "da3c026118df15b8f2de6e2d348c3300c227766615ee624ac116dde9f9a0ac95" } }, { "id": "f4567b25f5", "word": "乗っ取る", "reading": "のっとる", "romaji": "nottoru", "meanings": [ "to capture", "to occupy", "to usurp" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1354700, "examples": [ { "ja": "犯人は飛行機を乗っ取った。", "en": "The criminals hijacked the plane." }, { "ja": "彼のアカウントが乗っ取られた。", "en": "His account was taken over." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5594fd0c09a18ccc596fbbf6e36bc400d37f4350ef33d8e14b89793419e19764", "meanings": [ "夺取", "劫持" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "犯人は飛行機を乗っ取った。", "zh": "犯罪分子劫持了飞机。" }, { "ja": "彼のアカウントが乗っ取られた。", "zh": "有人夺取了他的账户。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f4567b25f5", "JMdict ent_seq 1354700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c08a81bd0aa6dd0edc13275703d8bcc0bb92a9da636f848ed931b0a988dc3b00" } }, { "id": "7b38fa3613", "word": "長閑", "reading": "のどか", "romaji": "nodoka", "meanings": [ "tranquil", "calm", "quiet" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1429840, "examples": [ { "ja": "こんなのどかな眺めは見たことがない。", "furigana": "こんなのどかな{眺|なが}めは{見|み}たことがない。", "en": "Never have I seen such a peaceful scene.", "tatoeba_id": 217413 }, { "ja": "私は今まではそんなにのどかな光景を見たことがない。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{今|いま}まではそんなにのどかな{光景|こうけい}を{見|み}たことがない。", "en": "Never in my life have I seen such a peaceful sight.", "tatoeba_id": 157051 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3995a68e18280993357abfe6f74a2bd041fd1e01c8cb086b8f20ca0ed201369f", "meanings": [ "宁静", "温暖" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "こんなのどかな眺めは見たことがない。", "zh": "我从未见过如此宁静的景色。" }, { "ja": "私は今まではそんなにのどかな光景を見たことがない。", "zh": "到现在为止我没见过那么宁静的景象。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7b38fa3613", "JMdict ent_seq 1429840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "58d5049c16cf2c5ba8860b32a193c8eae60fd3a72f3c1d876b3848825d91f678" } }, { "id": "6cbe3e8ae9", "word": "罵る", "reading": "ののしる", "romaji": "nonoshiru", "meanings": [ "to speak ill of", "to abuse" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1471520, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はさんざん私の事をののしった。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はさんざん{私|わたし}の{事|こと}をののしった。", "en": "She called me many terrible things.", "tatoeba_id": 92824 }, { "ja": "彼女は面と向かって夫を罵った。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{面|めん}と{向|む}かって{夫|おっと}を{罵|ののし}った。", "en": "She called her husband names to his face.", "tatoeba_id": 86547 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2b9d7274d817683acd039719892110845692f30661aefa78a974d7a9c292eeef", "meanings": [ "辱骂" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はさんざん私の事をののしった。", "zh": "她狠狠地骂了我。" }, { "ja": "彼女は面と向かって夫を罵った。", "zh": "她当面辱骂丈夫。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6cbe3e8ae9", "JMdict ent_seq 1471520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a49f0d1ecf9fdb313a14d9c712997bececa0729caeadfd2b40e93bb00698303e" } }, { "id": "ee708f5bbd", "word": "延べ", "reading": "のべ", "romaji": "nobe", "meanings": [ "total (cumulative)", "extension", "credit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1176380, "examples": [ { "ja": "わが戦闘機の延べ出撃機数は平均１日４３０機であった。", "en": "Our fighters averaged 430 missions a day.", "tatoeba_id": 192001 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2659768b274ac1f6fb73c9909aef2ffc62b9ba4d5711bbfb12c6e9c6130c727b", "meanings": [ "累计", "延长" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "わが戦闘機の延べ出撃機数は平均１日４３０機であった。", "zh": "我军战斗机累计出动架次平均每天430架次。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ee708f5bbd", "JMdict ent_seq 1176380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4cc6a59d4cffdeaf6d70a3575143e3e4010c269b3cf794dd828fa242a8c671a0" } }, { "id": "10a1ffe4df", "word": "飲み込む", "reading": "のみこむ", "romaji": "nomikomu", "meanings": [ "to gulp down", "to swallow deeply", "to understand", "to take in", "to catch on to", "to learn", "to digest" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1600400, "examples": [ { "ja": "洪水がその村を飲み込んでしまった。", "furigana": "{洪水|こうずい}がその{村|むら}を{飲|の}み{込|こ}んでしまった。", "en": "The flood overwhelmed the village.", "tatoeba_id": 173551 }, { "ja": "こつが飲み込めましたか。", "furigana": "こつが{飲|の}み{込|こ}めましたか。", "en": "Got the hang of it?", "tatoeba_id": 224140 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fd9ce72a57b0e9dce9270eaba62721ff643a4a95c58286e3e6137ba393ec553a", "meanings": [ "吞下", "理解", "吞没" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "洪水がその村を飲み込んでしまった。", "zh": "洪水吞没了那个村庄。" }, { "ja": "こつが飲み込めましたか。", "zh": "你理解窍门了吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/10a1ffe4df", "JMdict ent_seq 1600400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a4a9ef71e816339406d2a42e539ab13a4f39ae06522175354dd4a09319c09e21" } }, { "id": "115e6f8702", "word": "乗り込む", "reading": "のりこむ", "romaji": "norikomu", "meanings": [ "to board", "to embark on", "to get into (a car)", "to ship (passengers)", "to man (a ship)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1354910, "examples": [ { "ja": "ロンドン行きの列車に乗り込んだ。", "en": "I got on the train for London.", "tatoeba_id": 192095 }, { "ja": "一人で原始林へ乗り込もうとは君はなんて勇ましいんだ。", "furigana": "{一人|ひとり}で{原始林|げんしりん}へ{乗|の}り{込|こ}もうとは{君|きみ}はなんて{勇|いさ}ましいんだ。", "en": "How brave of you to go alone into the primaeval forest!", "tatoeba_id": 74800 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "eabb195aa8fb82dd5ff244f4ea4f742e1f65edbe6f5380e2dd1953ebe2354c42", "meanings": [ "登上", "闯入" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ロンドン行きの列車に乗り込んだ。", "zh": "我登上了开往伦敦的列车。" }, { "ja": "一人で原始林へ乗り込もうとは君はなんて勇ましいんだ。", "zh": "你竟敢独自闯进原始森林，真勇敢。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/115e6f8702", "JMdict ent_seq 1354910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7dcff3c3e3104fa92d71325f6626df9bd748fb07356bf093b8018dd4f6ef3f3f" } }, { "id": "661d1ef651", "word": "刃", "reading": "は", "romaji": "ha", "meanings": [ "edge (of a sword)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1369820, "examples": [ { "ja": "私のナイフの刃は、とても鋭い。", "en": "My knife has such a fine edge.", "tatoeba_id": 164140 }, { "ja": "このナイフは刃が鋭く、よく切れる。", "furigana": "このナイフは{刃|は}が{鋭|するど}く、よく{切|き}れる。", "en": "This knife has a fine edge and cuts well.", "tatoeba_id": 223426 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "759a1823e53ed775f67941580b51994343d2a769f974e6c21bb81ca7ab635f3b", "meanings": [ "刀刃" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私のナイフの刃は、とても鋭い。", "zh": "我的刀刃非常锋利。" }, { "ja": "このナイフは刃が鋭く、よく切れる。", "zh": "这把刀刃锋利，很好切。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/661d1ef651", "JMdict ent_seq 1369820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7b721c3da7920bed3669fa8e3e98545ada630ed959cbc2f5eb2c22aada144359" } }, { "id": "7abab0200b", "word": "派", "reading": "は", "romaji": "ha", "meanings": [ "clique", "faction", "school" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1471120, "examples": [ { "ja": "その彫刻家はルネサンス派に属する。", "en": "The sculptor belongs to the Renaissance school.", "tatoeba_id": 207828 }, { "ja": "彼は福田派に属していました。", "en": "He once belonged to the Fukuda faction.", "tatoeba_id": 100240 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "96c18768789403da9dada0b3adb34977370e8f4f4a2f9dd32dc3a703d8aa7635", "meanings": [ "派别" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その彫刻家はルネサンス派に属する。", "zh": "那位雕塑家属于文艺复兴派。" }, { "ja": "彼は福田派に属していました。", "zh": "他属于福田派。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7abab0200b", "JMdict ent_seq 1471120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b381283303a0b8ac9b5eef031c5d72cb5865543e53081f9543e1fdf8e05f7112" } }, { "id": "19f66d37d7", "word": "バー", "reading": "バー", "romaji": "baa", "meanings": [ "bar" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1096970, "examples": [ { "ja": "二人の男はバーで飲んでいた。", "furigana": "{二人|ふたり}の{男|おとこ}はバーで{飲|の}んでいた。", "en": "The two men were drinking in a bar.", "tatoeba_id": 123088 }, { "ja": "警察がバーに突入した。", "furigana": "{警察|けいさつ}がバーに{突入|とつにゅう}した。", "en": "The police charged into the bar.", "tatoeba_id": 176290 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c2637847e45f8a6965359ac48236c7fd1133f6aeade35c80b250ee887f6b54c2", "meanings": [ "酒吧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "二人の男はバーで飲んでいた。", "zh": "两个男人在酒吧喝酒。" }, { "ja": "警察がバーに突入した。", "zh": "警方冲进了酒吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/19f66d37d7", "JMdict ent_seq 1096970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0767ace40fb2c482a3adafe2beca335fe5c3ca20349bfddd792e542291da8f5c" } }, { "id": "128e858d57", "word": "把握", "reading": "はあく", "romaji": "haaku", "meanings": [ "grasp", "catch", "understanding" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1470910, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのスピーチの要点は把握できた。", "furigana": "そのスピーチの{要点|ようてん}は{把握|はあく}できた。", "en": "I was able to grasp the main points of the speech.", "tatoeba_id": 213007 }, { "ja": "彼女は情勢を把握することができる。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{情勢|じょうせい}を{把握|はあく}することができる。", "en": "She is able to grasp the situation.", "tatoeba_id": 88627 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8b9c66cfde4e85bdc5410d8a70dac81e0c5918771139094fa4f61e89eac52f50", "meanings": [ "掌握" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのスピーチの要点は把握できた。", "zh": "我理解了演讲的要点。" }, { "ja": "彼女は情勢を把握することができる。", "zh": "她能够掌握局势。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/128e858d57", "JMdict ent_seq 1470910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "dba22276bc8788fee364150015b12341df98061615a5c91c99749baeacf05c6a" } }, { "id": "7afb21c39b", "word": "肺", "reading": "はい", "romaji": "hai", "meanings": [ "lung" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1472870, "examples": [ { "ja": "喫煙が彼の肺を冒した。", "furigana": "{喫煙|きつえん}が{彼|かれ}の{肺|はい}を{冒|おか}した。", "en": "Smoking has affected his lungs.", "tatoeba_id": 182843 }, { "ja": "喫煙はあなたの肺をボロボロにする。", "furigana": "{喫煙|きつえん}はあなたの{肺|はい}をボロボロにする。", "en": "Smoking does damage your lungs.", "tatoeba_id": 182831 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e05b9a98ec9f2992baa02280ff2a252ce46da54f494af03bb043cbaf7811d3be", "meanings": [ "肺" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "喫煙が彼の肺を冒した。", "zh": "吸烟损害了他的肺。" }, { "ja": "喫煙はあなたの肺をボロボロにする。", "zh": "吸烟会严重损害你的肺。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7afb21c39b", "JMdict ent_seq 1472870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f8e87ba6ddfd69daf316ca0f7e9d7fc57e341be833446c6c3ec9ac267a4cd99a" } }, { "id": "0eb30dd86f", "word": "廃棄", "reading": "はいき", "romaji": "haiki", "meanings": [ "annullment", "disposal", "abandon", "scrap", "discarding", "repeal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1472030, "examples": [ { "ja": "政府はこれらの法規を廃棄すべきである。", "furigana": "{政府|せいふ}はこれらの{法規|ほうき}を{廃棄|はいき}すべきである。", "en": "The government should do away with these regulations.", "tatoeba_id": 143137 }, { "ja": "もう一つの面白いエネルギー源は、放射能の廃棄物質から取り出せる熱である。", "furigana": "もう{一|ひと}つの{面白|おもしろ}いエネルギー{源|げん}は、{放射能|ほうしゃのう}の{廃棄|はいき}{物質|ぶっしつ}から{取|と}り{出|だ}せる{熱|ねつ}である。", "en": "Another interesting source of energy is the heat that can be recovered from radioactive waste material.", "tatoeba_id": 194350 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "154c5d8b7f2383e1b035b126d5acc9a83fe1a82e2fc2f1f98a90d7c4d57a9f02", "meanings": [ "废弃", "废除" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "政府はこれらの法規を廃棄すべきである。", "zh": "政府应该废除这些法规。" }, { "ja": "もう一つの面白いエネルギー源は、放射能の廃棄物質から取り出せる熱である。", "zh": "另一个有趣的能源是可从放射性废弃物中提取的热。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0eb30dd86f", "JMdict ent_seq 1472030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "21f42f5b752fe53f2c5559b3e3f9808c7e6329da9a7aba25393e248de2f00a9d" } }, { "id": "d59e92f5eb", "word": "配給", "reading": "はいきゅう", "romaji": "haikyuu", "meanings": [ "distribution (eg. films, rice)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1473030, "examples": [ { "ja": "戦時中政府は肉を配給にした。", "en": "The government rationed meat during the war.", "tatoeba_id": 141320 }, { "ja": "『極道の妻たち』は、1986年、東映配給網により公開されたヤクザ映画。", "en": "\"Gang Wives\" is a Yakuza movie released in 1986 by Toei Distribution Network.", "tatoeba_id": 74168 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "718beeccacdc9e3a047fe1eb3e1a1594b09d954364fdf1ae1dc160417126438d", "meanings": [ "配给", "发行" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "戦時中政府は肉を配給にした。", "zh": "战时政府实行肉类配给。" }, { "ja": "『極道の妻たち』は、1986年、東映配給網により公開されたヤクザ映画。", "zh": "《极道之妻们》是一部1986年由东映发行的黑帮电影。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d59e92f5eb", "JMdict ent_seq 1473030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "174fd8377e1a819db90bc4dfc231f7fb23bfcb69b61de1dabf435c17d8c0cc8e" } }, { "id": "4fe5047b84", "word": "黴菌", "reading": "ばいきん", "romaji": "baikin", "meanings": [ "bacteria", "germ(s)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1575400, "examples": [ { "ja": "ばい菌扱いするなよ。", "en": "Don't treat me like I am a disease.", "tatoeba_id": 9488975 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "27c680558f83435d1ad5c6048ecf4af70a96de4726b5f3c8a5821448a84233c3", "meanings": [ "细菌" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ばい菌扱いするなよ。", "zh": "别把我当成病菌。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4fe5047b84", "JMdict ent_seq 1575400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d97a1c0be91202b5b492eeaeeca72b870239e33e3f604069b914b9010c96d87c" } }, { "id": "23a4264046", "word": "配偶者", "reading": "はいぐうしゃ", "romaji": "haiguusha", "meanings": [ "spouse", "wife", "husband" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1473060, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は彼が貧しいときも彼を支えるすばらしい配偶者だった。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{彼|かれ}が{貧|まず}しいときも{彼|かれ}を{支|ささ}えるすばらしい{配偶者|はいぐうしゃ}だった。", "en": "She was an excellent spouse who stood by him through poverty.", "tatoeba_id": 87476 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2e42ca022c8b0d61cf9a5a4d58a242dc70df6e7c3ebe21d90f4f4791885fa99c", "meanings": [ "配偶" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は彼が貧しいときも彼を支えるすばらしい配偶者だった。", "zh": "他贫穷时她也支持他，是一位出色的伴侣。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/23a4264046", "JMdict ent_seq 1473060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f29224b33793cdde2cd9124fb036b333de7ff94ae7d333aa65a173a59ed89f8d" } }, { "id": "cb2008f46b", "word": "拝啓", "reading": "はいけい", "romaji": "haikei", "meanings": [ "Dear (so and so)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1472260, "examples": [ { "ja": "拝啓、いつもお世話になっております。", "en": "Dear Sir or Madam, thank you for your continued support." }, { "ja": "拝啓、新春を迎えお元気でお過ごしでしょうか。", "en": "Dear Sir or Madam, I hope you are well this New Year." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "01e6b5c4f6e57a86a93471223f43ea8a1ca244118208b5eb5a487c7769873d67", "meanings": [ "敬启" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "拝啓、いつもお世話になっております。", "zh": "敬启：感谢您一直以来的关照。" }, { "ja": "拝啓、新春を迎えお元気でお過ごしでしょうか。", "zh": "敬启：值此新春，祝您安康。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cb2008f46b", "JMdict ent_seq 1472260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "正式书信的开头敬语，常与结尾的敬具呼应。", "review_hash": "7bdfc0202521f0d0de20bea6422659237339fd0c0a30a79b91c09fe2421fe686" } }, { "id": "29b10e360f", "word": "背景", "reading": "はいけい", "romaji": "haikei", "meanings": [ "background", "scenery", "setting", "circumstance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1472720, "examples": [ { "ja": "木は空を背景にして黒く見えた。", "furigana": "{木|き}は{空|そら}を{背景|はいけい}にして{黒|くろ}く{見|み}えた。", "en": "The trees looked black against the sky.", "tatoeba_id": 80092 }, { "ja": "青空を背景にその塔がくっきり見えた。", "furigana": "{青空|あおぞら}を{背景|はいけい}にその{塔|とう}がくっきり{見|み}えた。", "en": "The tower was seen clearly against the blue sky.", "tatoeba_id": 142577 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f26abc3759ce0aa471ec3106067118f1bf7fc59364ff2a7bfc1b19d48bf21772", "meanings": [ "背景" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "木は空を背景にして黒く見えた。", "zh": "树以天空为背景，看起来是黑色的。" }, { "ja": "青空を背景にその塔がくっきり見えた。", "zh": "塔以蓝天为背景，清晰可见。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/29b10e360f", "JMdict ent_seq 1472720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "af4d92edb597392b4f5cf501faac74a5185dedcf17fd20d0281445f4bc5ef464" } }, { "id": "25abc3f3fb", "word": "背後", "reading": "はいご", "romaji": "haigo", "meanings": [ "back", "rear" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1472730, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の背後には資産家が控えている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}の{背後|はいご}には{資産家|しさんか}が{控|ひか}えている。", "en": "He has a wealthy supporter behind him.", "tatoeba_id": 116363 }, { "ja": "支配人の背後で暗躍した。", "furigana": "{支配人|しはいにん}の{背後|はいご}で{暗躍|あんやく}した。", "en": "He acted behind the manager's back.", "tatoeba_id": 168212 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3c967932bfbc32933d6f24b7360669dc037d8587732e4087d3603578a7e1b4dc", "meanings": [ "背后" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の背後には資産家が控えている。", "zh": "他背后有富人支持。" }, { "ja": "支配人の背後で暗躍した。", "zh": "他在经理背后暗中活动。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/25abc3f3fb", "JMdict ent_seq 1472730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e918d944ecdbaaa9a7e3fc4a7aa0b220546a7c69d0ef89edec59be3c3bff1f04" } }, { "id": "58b8070ec3", "word": "廃止", "reading": "はいし", "romaji": "haishi", "meanings": [ "abolition", "repeal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1472100, "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカは奴隷制を廃止した。", "furigana": "アメリカは{奴隷制|どれいせい}を{廃止|はいし}した。", "en": "America did away with slavery.", "tatoeba_id": 230164 }, { "ja": "彼らはその学校の制服を廃止した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはその{学校|がっこう}の{制服|せいふく}を{廃止|はいし}した。", "en": "They have done away with uniforms at that school.", "tatoeba_id": 97974 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "37330a33fa60939bf0fe4a5420fdf4f2172a6f72a0318ea37720ff23306e9df9", "meanings": [ "废止" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカは奴隷制を廃止した。", "zh": "美国废除了奴隶制。" }, { "ja": "彼らはその学校の制服を廃止した。", "zh": "他们废除了那所学校的校服制度。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/58b8070ec3", "JMdict ent_seq 1472100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "91b00d4c3c4f38f557e8e1bdfa113ccad89a43f788ef8b139246ac54ed48e38e" } }, { "id": "35c99c026b", "word": "拝借", "reading": "はいしゃく", "romaji": "haishaku", "meanings": [ "borrowing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1472280, "examples": [ { "ja": "ちょっとお知恵を拝借願えませんか？", "en": "Could you give me some advice?", "tatoeba_id": 202730 }, { "ja": "お手洗いを拝借できますか。", "furigana": "お{手洗|てあら}いを{拝借|はいしゃく}できますか。", "en": "May I use the bathroom?", "tatoeba_id": 227061 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ec15d5e6e00ba8d25980edfde080b918c126f5d4bf2c3010f5966c9b541f81f8", "meanings": [ "借用" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ちょっとお知恵を拝借願えませんか？", "zh": "能借用一下您的智慧吗？" }, { "ja": "お手洗いを拝借できますか。", "zh": "可以借用一下洗手间吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/35c99c026b", "JMdict ent_seq 1472280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1a1601024a7d0ab1dacac5a0e3e59ef8a15c1793b3d7f27d38bd1abb442acca3" } }, { "id": "13d06bf02b", "word": "排除", "reading": "はいじょ", "romaji": "haijo", "meanings": [ "exclusion", "removal", "rejection" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1472370, "examples": [ { "ja": "暴力は排除しなければならない。", "furigana": "{暴力|ぼうりょく}は{排除|はいじょ}しなければならない。", "en": "We must do away with violence.", "tatoeba_id": 82497 }, { "ja": "彼は提案に対するいかなる反論もただ排除した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{提案|ていあん}に{対|たい}するいかなる{反論|はんろん}もただ{排除|はいじょ}した。", "en": "He just brushed aside any objections to the proposal.", "tatoeba_id": 101974 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6dd5a984faec0b6da20aefb6066be56bf1949c7ede7696f7d9294a8be0777ac6", "meanings": [ "排除" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "暴力は排除しなければならない。", "zh": "必须排除暴力。" }, { "ja": "彼は提案に対するいかなる反論もただ排除した。", "zh": "他只是排除了对提案的一切反对意见。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/13d06bf02b", "JMdict ent_seq 1472370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fc5d01887f7a983c7874f217b224b365410587adaf4c096e72f20bdce385819f" } }, { "id": "de208b6d57", "word": "賠償", "reading": "ばいしょう", "romaji": "baishou", "meanings": [ "reparations", "indemnity", "compensation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1474110, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は怪我の賠償として多額の金を受け取った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{怪我|けが}の{賠償|ばいしょう}として{多額|たがく}の{金|かね}を{受|う}け{取|と}った。", "en": "He received a large sum of money in compensation for his injury.", "tatoeba_id": 109026 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4de970e41327ec1acf961dd52eb0b0ee2930c1f36d47b39c81e9daa4b734d5c3", "meanings": [ "赔偿" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は怪我の賠償として多額の金を受け取った。", "zh": "他因受伤获得了巨额赔偿。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/de208b6d57", "JMdict ent_seq 1474110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c957221a615095d3ac21585a9af10b009bcbd2fd82828f0083415e4de285711e" } }, { "id": "121f05e948", "word": "排水", "reading": "はいすい", "romaji": "haisui", "meanings": [ "drainage" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1472380, "examples": [ { "ja": "学校はプールの水を月一回排水する。", "en": "The school drains the pool once a month.", "tatoeba_id": 184409 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4f8f017bef374ae6cc12457fda90c8c74c6b6483d84f4682760ce39adc14e95f", "meanings": [ "排水" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "学校はプールの水を月一回排水する。", "zh": "学校每月排一次泳池的水。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/121f05e948", "JMdict ent_seq 1472380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d758792151e185d9f872a0efa43ace44e77d8b4c07369c6ca6d92d8c25117c2e" } }, { "id": "cfdafe64c4", "word": "敗戦", "reading": "はいせん", "romaji": "haisen", "meanings": [ "defeat", "losing a war" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1472560, "examples": [ { "ja": "敗戦のうわさが広まった。", "furigana": "{敗戦|はいせん}のうわさが{広|ひろ}まった。", "en": "Rumors of defeat were abroad.", "tatoeba_id": 121569 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1dedbb6560c540f2d15e91aae71f622cdc208cd393581a0ba9a018ac37c76982", "meanings": [ "战败" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "敗戦のうわさが広まった。", "zh": "战败的传闻传开了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cfdafe64c4", "JMdict ent_seq 1472560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f205daed73548fd206f6a9e7767ae66cce510406f64dec7a1df3df74aa58f0b2" } }, { "id": "e52ae45f67", "word": "配置", "reading": "はいち", "romaji": "haichi", "meanings": [ "arrangement (of resources)", "disposition" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1473150, "examples": [ { "ja": "軍隊は戦闘の配置で整列していた。", "furigana": "{軍隊|ぐんたい}は{戦闘|せんとう}の{配置|はいち}で{整列|せいれつ}していた。", "en": "The troops were in battle array.", "tatoeba_id": 176657 }, { "ja": "私は部屋の家具の配置を変えた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{部屋|へや}の{家具|かぐ}の{配置|はいち}を{変|か}えた。", "en": "I changed the arrangement of the furniture in my room.", "tatoeba_id": 152976 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "268057b3e6ce336b613600ab3420a60596db87af63998ce795bb515defacacad", "meanings": [ "配置", "部署" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "軍隊は戦闘の配置で整列していた。", "zh": "军队按作战阵形列队。" }, { "ja": "私は部屋の家具の配置を変えた。", "zh": "我改变了房间家具的摆放。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e52ae45f67", "JMdict ent_seq 1473150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ef551a6d6870536ca0274ba032be13cce30dae25d6d2789542ae9eacc8247395" } }, { "id": "9a048b8df1", "word": "配布", "reading": "はいふ", "romaji": "haifu", "meanings": [ "distribution" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1473190, "examples": [ { "ja": "先生はチラシを配布した。", "furigana": "{先生|せんせい}はチラシを{配布|はいふ}した。", "en": "The teacher distributed the leaflets.", "tatoeba_id": 141681 }, { "ja": "先生は生徒たちにプリントを配布した。", "furigana": "{先生|せんせい}は{生徒|せいと}たちにプリントを{配布|はいふ}した。", "en": "The teacher distributed the handouts to the students.", "tatoeba_id": 141555 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "89d5fde26b42e5541d194daeeea0583805b93f0cf87f466df4f5cec240e44a19", "meanings": [ "分发" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "先生はチラシを配布した。", "zh": "老师分发了传单。" }, { "ja": "先生は生徒たちにプリントを配布した。", "zh": "老师给学生分发了讲义。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9a048b8df1", "JMdict ent_seq 1473190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0eb6e6c2d71f2c2f9f40f1b673a88c447573f9bc2602fa8fef5924c8d7128803" } }, { "id": "ec7bd683ba", "word": "配分", "reading": "はいぶん", "romaji": "haibun", "meanings": [ "distribution", "allotment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1473200, "examples": [ { "ja": "医療品は被災者たちに配分された。", "furigana": "{医療品|いりょうひん}は{被災者|ひさいしゃ}たちに{配分|はいぶん}された。", "en": "The medical supplies were allocated to the victims of the disaster.", "tatoeba_id": 190733 }, { "ja": "時間は仕事と余暇と勉強に配分されている。", "furigana": "{時間|じかん}は{仕事|しごと}と{余暇|よか}と{勉強|べんきょう}に{配分|はいぶん}されている。", "en": "Time is allotted for work, recreation, and study.", "tatoeba_id": 150574 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c761d0bdf42ede015ec56a16047a6c1f1bd61e6766026418c26e77e8bf6c9b6b", "meanings": [ "分配" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "医療品は被災者たちに配分された。", "zh": "医疗物资分发给了受灾者。" }, { "ja": "時間は仕事と余暇と勉強に配分されている。", "zh": "时间被分配给工作、休闲和学习。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ec7bd683ba", "JMdict ent_seq 1473200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "442611df9f4c9763b365b1d540b8270c7cc738ffd233b3a61e1fcbc3f78980ee" } }, { "id": "c6304d0283", "word": "倍率", "reading": "ばいりつ", "romaji": "bairitsu", "meanings": [ "magnification", "applicant-to-acceptance ratio" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1473340, "examples": [ { "ja": "有名大学は倍率が高いから受験者も必死です。", "en": "The acceptance rates for famous universities are low, so examinees must try their hardest to get in.", "tatoeba_id": 1482068 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1123e5d06edbd3882d5f4c2372b7bc62851ed3ba8115992346a70cb9e401bbb9", "meanings": [ "倍率", "录取竞争比" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "有名大学は倍率が高いから受験者も必死です。", "zh": "名牌大学竞争激烈，考生也很拼命。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c6304d0283", "JMdict ent_seq 1473340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "可指放大倍率，也指申请人数与录取人数之比。", "review_hash": "205a3b60553a91d52e419ac542575ea5485058c93a5b2f3b85f3d60748be69aa" } }, { "id": "672ae372a7", "word": "配慮", "reading": "はいりょ", "romaji": "hairyo", "meanings": [ "consideration", "concern", "forethought" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1473210, "examples": [ { "ja": "看護婦は患者の快適さに配慮しなくてはいけない。", "en": "The nurses must see to the comfort of their patients.", "tatoeba_id": 183852 }, { "ja": "彼女がまだ若いという点を配慮しなければいけない。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}がまだ{若|わか}いという{点|てん}を{配慮|はいりょ}しなければいけない。", "en": "We must make allowances for her youth.", "tatoeba_id": 95563 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "941c66e8d55e566c7cc460295dc19f43d056adf7c8c123a1a27e0a0982c51795", "meanings": [ "考虑", "关照" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "看護婦は患者の快適さに配慮しなくてはいけない。", "zh": "护士必须考虑患者的舒适。" }, { "ja": "彼女がまだ若いという点を配慮しなければいけない。", "zh": "必须考虑到她还年轻。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/672ae372a7", "JMdict ent_seq 1473210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2ec519d09b781a6b6bca4f48a752dbdb4dbffffed8a2d68677b3c3e5018df743" } }, { "id": "1819ab5ac3", "word": "配列", "reading": "はいれつ", "romaji": "hairetsu", "meanings": [ "arrangement", "array (programming)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1473220, "examples": [ { "ja": "数字を順番に配列してください。", "en": "Please arrange the numbers in order." }, { "ja": "このプログラムは配列を使う。", "en": "This program uses an array." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6e4094059c0da1cb5d20c6c290b6cef250298ec5ad6876852d2454e2314e753f", "meanings": [ "排列", "数组" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "数字を順番に配列してください。", "zh": "请按顺序排列数字。" }, { "ja": "このプログラムは配列を使う。", "zh": "这个程序使用数组。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1819ab5ac3", "JMdict ent_seq 1473220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "19f8ced659f38474024ad03836e22e4ed9b0ab95f3de3804040ffda2d51bf4ba" } }, { "id": "a15b42b14f", "word": "映える", "reading": "はえる", "romaji": "haeru", "meanings": [ "to shine", "to look attractive", "to look pretty" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1600620, "examples": [ { "ja": "夕空に映えて塔が美しく見える。", "furigana": "{夕空|ゆうぞら}に{映|は}えて{塔|とう}が{美|うつく}しく{見|み}える。", "en": "The tower looks beautiful against the evening sky.", "tatoeba_id": 79125 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cc1cfc16629834db0a83963cbf91e8d9f411d75fd5b20f524b3b1134b605cb08", "meanings": [ "映衬", "显得美丽" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "夕空に映えて塔が美しく見える。", "zh": "塔在晚霞映衬下显得美丽。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a15b42b14f", "JMdict ent_seq 1600620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "da8d5389ed3e00f54985ad033aedb1307cdcda951ceac77b3845821ee6d1f933" } }, { "id": "373d4785f7", "word": "破壊", "reading": "はかい", "romaji": "hakai", "meanings": [ "destruction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1471250, "examples": [ { "ja": "その台風は多くの家を破壊した。", "furigana": "その{台風|たいふう}は{多|おお}くの{家|いえ}を{破壊|はかい}した。", "en": "The typhoon destroyed many houses.", "tatoeba_id": 208265 }, { "ja": "その火事が高いビルを破壊した。", "furigana": "その{火事|かじ}が{高|たか}いビルを{破壊|はかい}した。", "en": "The fire destroyed the tall building.", "tatoeba_id": 211954 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5c4da709c06594926ab48a9b5d77184c0ba90b3528742497a54986f870509b42", "meanings": [ "破坏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その台風は多くの家を破壊した。", "zh": "台风摧毁了许多房屋。" }, { "ja": "その火事が高いビルを破壊した。", "zh": "那场火灾毁坏了高楼。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/373d4785f7", "JMdict ent_seq 1471250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "71f44309a0d9b68fe000eb9119ba2ddde574ca4fde8dc71d7ccfbf72db317428" } }, { "id": "0d807d23a0", "word": "捗る", "reading": "はかどる", "romaji": "hakadoru", "meanings": [ "to make progress", "to move right ahead (with the work)", "to advance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1430570, "examples": [ { "ja": "仕事は非常にはかどっている。", "furigana": "{仕事|しごと}は{非常|ひじょう}にはかどっている。", "en": "The work is marching right along.", "tatoeba_id": 169088 }, { "ja": "期末レポートははかどってますか。", "furigana": "{期末|きまつ}レポートははかどってますか。", "en": "How is your term paper coming along?", "tatoeba_id": 183385 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f39c06c2947cd4ca59232a78998da52957c93b38349fafe5608a2cfc642ba77f", "meanings": [ "进展顺利" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "仕事は非常にはかどっている。", "zh": "工作进展非常顺利。" }, { "ja": "期末レポートははかどってますか。", "zh": "期末报告进展顺利吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0d807d23a0", "JMdict ent_seq 1430570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "37c931b4ca6182e2bebb28b5250b322e1c39a8ca5b7b73343fc3dcf3b89af54a" } }, { "id": "59c95b5d68", "word": "はかない", "reading": "はかない", "romaji": "hakanai", "meanings": [ "fleeting", "transient", "short-lived", "momentary", "vain", "fickle", "miserable", "empty", "ephemeral" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1600630, "other_forms": [ "儚い" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人生は、はかない夢にすぎない。", "furigana": "{人生|じんせい}は、はかない{夢|ゆめ}にすぎない。", "en": "Life is but an empty dream.", "tatoeba_id": 144004 }, { "ja": "人の人生は、はかないものだ。", "furigana": "{人|ひと}の{人生|じんせい}は、はかないものだ。", "en": "The life of a person is a transient thing.", "tatoeba_id": 144588 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fe8c8f697c6389b8993d347d46b0c969362debb56dee2c3833a76bb49e9d17a3", "meanings": [ "短暂", "虚幻" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人生は、はかない夢にすぎない。", "zh": "人生不过是一场短暂的梦。" }, { "ja": "人の人生は、はかないものだ。", "zh": "人的一生是短暂的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/59c95b5d68", "JMdict ent_seq 1600630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "49318906539738deeaf7e89c3190bfd16ab9c52cb76beb73caf63935dee29b65" } }, { "id": "58a5941703", "word": "馬鹿馬鹿しい", "reading": "ばかばかしい", "romaji": "bakabakashii", "meanings": [ "stupid" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1471740, "examples": [ { "ja": "ばかばかしいとしか言いようがない。", "furigana": "ばかばかしいとしか{言|い}いようがない。", "en": "It is neither more nor less than absurd.", "tatoeba_id": 198292 }, { "ja": "彼の話はばかばかしいと言ってもいいくらいだった。", "en": "His speech verged on the ridiculous.", "tatoeba_id": 115833 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6eb32adae26a8ecf8a5d7b89e2d07ec7da70d6f05a716dbf2fb8c241b7c0d03a", "meanings": [ "荒唐", "愚蠢" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ばかばかしいとしか言いようがない。", "zh": "只能说荒唐。" }, { "ja": "彼の話はばかばかしいと言ってもいいくらいだった。", "zh": "他的话几乎可以说是荒唐。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/58a5941703", "JMdict ent_seq 1471740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0291b48c27b4b23e73cc0ddc152138dc1c9b629f6b40eb66ded562f9ece20871" } }, { "id": "396285155e", "word": "諮る", "reading": "はかる", "romaji": "hakaru", "meanings": [ "to consult with", "to confer" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1312650, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは委員会に案を諮った。", "en": "We consulted the committee about the proposal." }, { "ja": "彼はその件を会議に諮った。", "en": "He referred the matter to the meeting for discussion." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "71fff7c53482af2744921362b15e21a63d5716da1e109fff1a2bc2157adfb87c", "meanings": [ "商议", "征询" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは委員会に案を諮った。", "zh": "我们就方案征询委员会的意见。" }, { "ja": "彼はその件を会議に諮った。", "zh": "他把这件事提交会议讨论。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/396285155e", "JMdict ent_seq 1312650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8bde0657f4eca78e2f6e70405c37926bc0696bf6cb6cbec6b068773a9602f384" } }, { "id": "a8376ded3d", "word": "図る", "reading": "はかる", "romaji": "hakaru", "meanings": [ "to plot", "to attempt", "to plan", "to take in", "to deceive", "to devise", "to design", "to refer A to B" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1600660, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らと協力して世界平和を図る。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らと{協力|きょうりょく}して{世界平和|せかいへいわ}を{図|はか}る。", "en": "I am working with them towards world peace.", "tatoeba_id": 98653 }, { "ja": "その会社は市場を拡大するために最近の製品の多角化を図った。", "en": "The firm has recently diversified its products so as to extend its market.", "tatoeba_id": 211804 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c77d3d73bc93a10859a8fcffa0c26899cd0eb9dd57e326112ca93f57fcfc53a5", "meanings": [ "谋求", "策划" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らと協力して世界平和を図る。", "zh": "与他们合作谋求世界和平。" }, { "ja": "その会社は市場を拡大するために最近の製品の多角化を図った。", "zh": "那家公司最近谋求产品多样化，以拓展市场。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a8376ded3d", "JMdict ent_seq 1600660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "832f164a8f5013f85db7cac5195c5610f0f89dfd4da74cb7f8888d278f68de4d" } }, { "id": "fd8bebdc50", "word": "破棄", "reading": "はき", "romaji": "haki", "meanings": [ "revocation", "annulment", "breaking (e.g. treaty)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1471300, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは婚約を破棄した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{婚約|こんやく}を{破棄|はき}した。", "en": "They called off their engagement.", "tatoeba_id": 97123 }, { "ja": "これらの書類に関しては破棄することが一番いいと思う。", "furigana": "これらの{書類|しょるい}に{関|かん}しては{破棄|はき}することが{一番|いちばん}いいと{思|おも}う。", "en": "With respect to these documents, I think the best thing is to destroy them.", "tatoeba_id": 217874 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ea7fe5748c8c6855e643c12f1e652db22c2b53022e077dc7d9a9d88d72b25be4", "meanings": [ "撕毁", "废弃" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは婚約を破棄した。", "zh": "他们解除了婚约。" }, { "ja": "これらの書類に関しては破棄することが一番いいと思う。", "zh": "我认为最好销毁这些文件。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fd8bebdc50", "JMdict ent_seq 1471300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "00c73c8180e0511dec25be349e968c9d12873bd8dc528b978d2f300ee69a0f72" } }, { "id": "ccd39dd447", "word": "泊", "reading": "はく", "romaji": "haku", "meanings": [ "counter for nights of a stay" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1919550, "examples": [ { "ja": "１月３日から３泊、お願いします。", "en": "For three nights starting January 3rd, please.", "tatoeba_id": 235803 }, { "ja": "予約を３泊から５泊に変更したい。", "en": "I'd like to change my reservation for three to five nights.", "tatoeba_id": 78973 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "dbbbfcaf56f921dbfe13a4a195930d4297c24ef7819c24b5cc8ac94a9d1d8609", "meanings": [ "住……晚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "１月３日から３泊、お願いします。", "zh": "请安排从一月三日开始住三晚。" }, { "ja": "予約を３泊から５泊に変更したい。", "zh": "我想把预订从三晚改为五晚。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ccd39dd447", "JMdict ent_seq 1919550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3e0e895228c00aa528ccb324ec1a91c506c0f18e421a412846541ea81d2656e1" } }, { "id": "3f2e377124", "word": "剥ぐ", "reading": "はぐ", "romaji": "hagu", "meanings": [ "to tear off", "to peel off", "to rip off", "to strip off", "to skin", "to flay", "to disrobe", "to deprive of" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5g", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1582990, "examples": [ { "ja": "少年は木の皮を剥いだ。", "furigana": "{少年|しょうねん}は{木|き}の{皮|かわ}を{剥|は}いだ。", "en": "The boy stripped a tree of the bark.", "tatoeba_id": 146512 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a28ebda48714731c808d5c279e87a0eca98941d6d1e7d65d309f01da2f7a0e7c", "meanings": [ "剥下" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "少年は木の皮を剥いだ。", "zh": "男孩剥下了树皮。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3f2e377124", "JMdict ent_seq 1582990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1ab70cf3235f850e8c6b6964ca2415b90369432162d25800cbdbcbe367fbde9d" } }, { "id": "d5abf5baa9", "word": "迫害", "reading": "はくがい", "romaji": "hakugai", "meanings": [ "persecution" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1475730, "examples": [ { "ja": "ローマ人はキリスト教徒を迫害した。", "en": "The Romans persecuted Christians.", "tatoeba_id": 192239 }, { "ja": "彼は人々を宗教により迫害しました。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{人々|ひとびと}を{宗教|しゅうきょう}により{迫害|はくがい}しました。", "en": "He persecuted people for their religion.", "tatoeba_id": 144057 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8886f493c9c2baa0f58f32041e9b3756d0c955edb33e62d8d691159578e755b9", "meanings": [ "迫害" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ローマ人はキリスト教徒を迫害した。", "zh": "罗马人迫害基督徒。" }, { "ja": "彼は人々を宗教により迫害しました。", "zh": "他因宗教信仰迫害人们。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d5abf5baa9", "JMdict ent_seq 1475730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "57dcf3878ca37980c3ea81bf2a77e7b8140863efa00239e6126f8df1986ca4c7" } }, { "id": "8996248374", "word": "薄弱", "reading": "はくじゃく", "romaji": "hakujaku", "meanings": [ "feebleness", "weakness", "weak" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1475590, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は意志が薄弱だ。", "en": "His will is weak." }, { "ja": "この計画は基盤が薄弱だ。", "en": "This plan has a weak foundation." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2d7de659b8ed0d29c135592e148cf8a9e73659bb700c39f4946cad73299a69ff", "meanings": [ "薄弱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は意志が薄弱だ。", "zh": "他的意志很薄弱。" }, { "ja": "この計画は基盤が薄弱だ。", "zh": "这项计划的基础薄弱。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8996248374", "JMdict ent_seq 1475590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "99808e26d67505a75824d625e4f75e26c6f62d43b899f8537c0bd5f7e6f9e917" } }, { "id": "10bd68b7e8", "word": "白状", "reading": "はくじょう", "romaji": "hakujou", "meanings": [ "confession" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1475230, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は過ちをあからさまに白状した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{過|あやま}ちをあからさまに{白状|はくじょう}した。", "en": "He openly confessed his faults.", "tatoeba_id": 118664 }, { "ja": "彼は犯した罪を悔いて、白状した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{犯|おか}した{罪|つみ}を{悔|く}いて、{白状|はくじょう}した。", "en": "He repented and confessed his crime.", "tatoeba_id": 101220 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "423fdd50484893416cc1ad1380385e321741171476a77b32ea39965ed08241e5", "meanings": [ "坦白", "供认" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は過ちをあからさまに白状した。", "zh": "他坦率承认了过错。" }, { "ja": "彼は犯した罪を悔いて、白状した。", "zh": "他为所犯罪行感到后悔，坦白了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/10bd68b7e8", "JMdict ent_seq 1475230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "11d93af4a5c8df588729af2b2c9870da19d9fe7f1908e44f92427910890b4b29" } }, { "id": "988a31e98d", "word": "漠然", "reading": "ばくぜん", "romaji": "bakuzen", "meanings": [ "obscure", "vague", "equivocal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-t", "adv-to" ], "jmdict_id": 1475790, "examples": [ { "ja": "将来について漠然とした考えしかない。", "en": "I have only a vague idea about the future." }, { "ja": "彼の答えは漠然としていた。", "en": "His answer was vague." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "543f875904156772b0b61c65dd5293d8a27e45511219c635b6609d307d2d150f", "meanings": [ "模糊", "笼统" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "将来について漠然とした考えしかない。", "zh": "我对未来只有模糊的想法。" }, { "ja": "彼の答えは漠然としていた。", "zh": "他的回答很笼统。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/988a31e98d", "JMdict ent_seq 1475790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "aa5424c559a19f85c5be0888a758bfe81f489bce39e7d7eaba85824ccbb4bacd" } }, { "id": "5f88d07bc6", "word": "爆弾", "reading": "ばくだん", "romaji": "bakudan", "meanings": [ "bomb" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1475870, "examples": [ { "ja": "この爆弾はたくさんの人を殺すことができる。", "furigana": "この{爆弾|ばくだん}はたくさんの{人|ひと}を{殺|ころ}すことができる。", "en": "This bomb can kill many people.", "tatoeba_id": 220204 }, { "ja": "飛行機はその町に爆弾を落とした。", "furigana": "{飛行機|ひこうき}はその{町|まち}に{爆弾|ばくだん}を{落|お}とした。", "en": "The plane dropped bombs on the city.", "tatoeba_id": 85669 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "75cea7bb6a64fec73c247f7367ff71484b38b055ffbe50a34bacd58143da4c15", "meanings": [ "炸弹" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この爆弾はたくさんの人を殺すことができる。", "zh": "这枚炸弹能杀死很多人。" }, { "ja": "飛行機はその町に爆弾を落とした。", "zh": "飞机向那座城市投下了炸弹。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5f88d07bc6", "JMdict ent_seq 1475870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7f52d48afa4f883fab704c514257cb7c213fb1e62b2ca88837c9b6271c937b49" } }, { "id": "79dbad028d", "word": "爆破", "reading": "ばくは", "romaji": "bakuha", "meanings": [ "blast", "explosion", "blow up" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1475900, "examples": [ { "ja": "作業員が岩を爆破しているのを見た。", "furigana": "{作業員|さぎょういん}が{岩|いわ}を{爆破|ばくは}しているのを{見|み}た。", "en": "We saw laborers blasting rocks.", "tatoeba_id": 170177 }, { "ja": "塔はこっぱみじんに爆破された。", "furigana": "{塔|とう}はこっぱみじんに{爆破|ばくは}された。", "en": "The tower was blown to atoms.", "tatoeba_id": 124325 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "109821253dfc58d9444744f9ac94e352131d0cc55c5558678376e8fbb9616da6", "meanings": [ "爆破" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "作業員が岩を爆破しているのを見た。", "zh": "我看见工人在爆破岩石。" }, { "ja": "塔はこっぱみじんに爆破された。", "zh": "那座塔被炸得粉碎。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/79dbad028d", "JMdict ent_seq 1475900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ecc5f0894df5b987e42dc6fd91fb6641087084ec4bf6be147c7e88b13496c0cc" } }, { "id": "bb5ca4e9bd", "word": "暴露", "reading": "ばくろ", "romaji": "bakuro", "meanings": [ "disclosure", "exposure", "revelation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1601280, "examples": [ { "ja": "ついに正体を暴露したな。", "furigana": "ついに{正体|しょうたい}を{暴露|ばくろ}したな。", "en": "Now you've given yourself away.", "tatoeba_id": 202652 }, { "ja": "彼は市政の堕落を暴露した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{市政|しせい}の{堕落|だらく}を{暴露|ばくろ}した。", "en": "He exposed corruption in the city government.", "tatoeba_id": 106519 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d8e5281c60ce73758d1a33017aa2af1c89c00a94b022c1ebd0ea60f76def872e", "meanings": [ "揭露" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ついに正体を暴露したな。", "zh": "终于暴露真面目了。" }, { "ja": "彼は市政の堕落を暴露した。", "zh": "他揭露了市政的腐败。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bb5ca4e9bd", "JMdict ent_seq 1601280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "575793da4fca983e6a2c5071732baeb369e6bf0dbb2dde0607cdbd0aa43ee422" } }, { "id": "7ea060b767", "word": "励ます", "reading": "はげます", "romaji": "hagemasu", "meanings": [ "to encourage", "to cheer", "to raise (the voice)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1557350, "examples": [ { "ja": "その調子で勉強を続けなさいと先生が励ましてくれた。", "furigana": "その{調子|ちょうし}で{勉強|べんきょう}を{続|つづ}けなさいと{先生|せんせい}が{励|はげ}ましてくれた。", "en": "My teacher encouraged me in my studies.", "tatoeba_id": 207769 }, { "ja": "悲しい時は友達が励ましてくれる。", "furigana": "{悲|かな}しい{時|とき}は{友達|ともだち}が{励|はげ}ましてくれる。", "en": "When I'm sad, my friends encourage me.", "tatoeba_id": 85965 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "64043d7d419f497758f5284c33609de8d12b35901c30e97fe24b4e553bde4095", "meanings": [ "鼓励" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その調子で勉強を続けなさいと先生が励ましてくれた。", "zh": "老师鼓励我照这样继续学习。" }, { "ja": "悲しい時は友達が励ましてくれる。", "zh": "难过时朋友会鼓励我。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7ea060b767", "JMdict ent_seq 1557350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a4e58147c6f15e84bafaa3370d7c57303ca87973aa9916f65a6859f361a22ab3" } }, { "id": "2ea4ecdaab", "word": "励む", "reading": "はげむ", "romaji": "hagemu", "meanings": [ "to be zealous", "to brace oneself", "to endeavour", "to strive", "to make an effort" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1557390, "examples": [ { "ja": "今まで以上にいっそう勉強に励みなさい。", "furigana": "{今|いま}まで{以上|いじょう}にいっそう{勉強|べんきょう}に{励|はげ}みなさい。", "en": "You should study even more than before.", "tatoeba_id": 172576 }, { "ja": "彼は弁護士になるために日夜勉強に励んだ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{弁護士|べんごし}になるために{日夜|にちや}{勉強|べんきょう}に{励|はげ}んだ。", "en": "He studied day and night with a view to becoming a lawyer.", "tatoeba_id": 100104 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9b221c337525562883aa8839433d698cfda17e05ff3c39aa837d2f43e286f103", "meanings": [ "努力", "勤奋" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "今まで以上にいっそう勉強に励みなさい。", "zh": "请比以往更加努力学习。" }, { "ja": "彼は弁護士になるために日夜勉強に励んだ。", "zh": "他为了成为律师日夜努力学习。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2ea4ecdaab", "JMdict ent_seq 1557390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3aef134f317b8f9ee2ac8f481bb955da4d48c9c1be9bfacb3b7d6ee7bb52827b" } }, { "id": "1b0c715111", "word": "剥げる", "reading": "はげる", "romaji": "hageru", "meanings": [ "to come off", "to be worn off", "to fade", "to discolor" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1474390, "examples": [ { "ja": "壁からペンキが剥げ始めていた。", "furigana": "{壁|かべ}からペンキが{剥|は}げ{始|はじ}めていた。", "en": "The paint was coming off the wall.", "tatoeba_id": 83481 }, { "ja": "ペンキが剥げてるよ。", "furigana": "ペンキが{剥|は}げてるよ。", "en": "The paint is off.", "tatoeba_id": 196640 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a447a0736a2c0ec3cbcba5080b368856369fb3620989292af4b882aa24a18c09", "meanings": [ "剥落" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "壁からペンキが剥げ始めていた。", "zh": "墙上的油漆开始剥落了。" }, { "ja": "ペンキが剥げてるよ。", "zh": "油漆剥落了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1b0c715111", "JMdict ent_seq 1474390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0c41cd05dd3fc1519e64698d838d2a892cde922a59a87329b243ce8e31562388" } }, { "id": "c59d6e396d", "word": "化ける", "reading": "ばける", "romaji": "bakeru", "meanings": [ "to appear in disguise", "to take the form of", "to change for the worse" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1186710, "examples": [ { "ja": "猫は化けると言われる。", "furigana": "{猫|ねこ}は{化|ば}けると{言|い}われる。", "en": "It is said that cats can change shape.", "tatoeba_id": 121950 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "39159cedcf3eb3bfa3867205dd01d60eee35d3a208c74e57b9ca39a7f04f99fb", "meanings": [ "变身", "乔装" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "猫は化けると言われる。", "zh": "据说猫会变身。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c59d6e396d", "JMdict ent_seq 1186710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "906b4f273f2b7357fd2df493d9c3c420e986b1effd7a60a537689c18ce19bd6f" } }, { "id": "8cd57dd5b8", "word": "派遣", "reading": "はけん", "romaji": "haken", "meanings": [ "dispatch", "send" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1471130, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は特派員として海外に派遣された。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{特派員|とくはいん}として{海外|かいがい}に{派遣|はけん}された。", "en": "He was sent abroad as a correspondent.", "tatoeba_id": 101616 }, { "ja": "政府は外国へ使節を派遣した。", "furigana": "{政府|せいふ}は{外国|がいこく}へ{使節|しせつ}を{派遣|はけん}した。", "en": "The government dispatched missions abroad.", "tatoeba_id": 143111 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f1978ff71522ccf4ff5f051209ebf4184940c9c7b10d8d98c2e58e470268a25e", "meanings": [ "派遣" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は特派員として海外に派遣された。", "zh": "他作为特派记者被派往海外。" }, { "ja": "政府は外国へ使節を派遣した。", "zh": "政府派遣使节出国。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8cd57dd5b8", "JMdict ent_seq 1471130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "11dc62cf9fbb44fdfcb347612098c0274da4f40e2ebcf1898abfb8b146e4964a" } }, { "id": "9eb0cbae51", "word": "恥", "reading": "はじ", "romaji": "haji", "meanings": [ "shame", "embarrassment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1421590, "examples": [ { "ja": "このようなスラム街は市の恥だ。", "furigana": "このようなスラム{街|がい}は{市|し}の{恥|はじ}だ。", "en": "These slums are a disgrace to the city.", "tatoeba_id": 223099 }, { "ja": "聞くは一時の恥、聞かぬは一生の恥。", "furigana": "{聞|き}くは{一時|いちじ}の{恥|はじ}、{聞|き}かぬは{一生|いっしょう}の{恥|はじ}。", "en": "Nothing is lost for asking.", "tatoeba_id": 83629 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7521a714b084be93c0359beb9f53113c3e6e2172813a47d25c89995ff50166bb", "meanings": [ "羞耻", "耻辱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このようなスラム街は市の恥だ。", "zh": "这样的贫民区是城市的耻辱。" }, { "ja": "聞くは一時の恥、聞かぬは一生の恥。", "zh": "不懂就问只羞一时，不问羞一生。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9eb0cbae51", "JMdict ent_seq 1421590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b3b6018b36e031f147f9e6211539684f58bcf2a95d48e068c2d22f2c249dbac7" } }, { "id": "08fac022a1", "word": "弾く", "reading": "はじく", "romaji": "hajiku", "meanings": [ "to flip", "to snap" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1419360, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私の顔を指先でぽんとはじいた。", "en": "He flicked me in the face.", "tatoeba_id": 105879 }, { "ja": "このレインコートは水を完全にはじく。", "en": "The raincoat sheds water perfectly.", "tatoeba_id": 223014 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "73c18522b230bed9e32d864bdb37ef748c1b652cfe88bd4aa1474d32ab982c61", "meanings": [ "弹", "排斥" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私の顔を指先でぽんとはじいた。", "zh": "他用指尖轻弹我的脸。" }, { "ja": "このレインコートは水を完全にはじく。", "zh": "这件雨衣完全防水。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/08fac022a1", "JMdict ent_seq 1419360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9339f110a84f84ec6410e844671c5d603364afb641c8eddda0d2ff5f89f8ebde" } }, { "id": "47d9978eab", "word": "始め", "reading": "はじめ", "romaji": "hajime", "meanings": [ "beginning", "start", "origin" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1342540, "examples": [ { "ja": "会うは別れの始め。", "furigana": "{会|あ}うは{別|わか}れの{始|はじ}め。", "en": "To meet is to part.", "tatoeba_id": 185457 }, { "ja": "旅行の初めの二日間は雨降りだった。", "furigana": "{旅行|りょこう}の{初|はじ}めの{二日間|ふつかかん}は{雨降|あめふ}りだった。", "en": "The first two days of my trip were rainy.", "tatoeba_id": 162444 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6f2efb2063f52427c6b1138bf28799a17208715db8985a2ec2fb1d1fbb2e76ae", "meanings": [ "开始" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "会うは別れの始め。", "zh": "相见便是离别的开始。" }, { "ja": "旅行の初めの二日間は雨降りだった。", "zh": "旅行最初两天下雨了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/47d9978eab", "JMdict ent_seq 1342540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9658fc23b84c72bd6c519e6cec62b33fa0a6a9353111e04411bc4542fef13c6c" } }, { "id": "58733f2d10", "word": "パジャマ", "reading": "パジャマ", "romaji": "pajama", "meanings": [ "pajamas", "pyjamas" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1101430, "examples": [ { "ja": "このパジャマはよく汗を吸収します。", "furigana": "このパジャマはよく{汗|あせ}を{吸収|きゅうしゅう}します。", "en": "These pajamas absorb sweat well.", "tatoeba_id": 223371 }, { "ja": "トムは服を脱いでパジャマを着た。", "furigana": "トムは{服|ふく}を{脱|ぬ}いでパジャマを{着|き}た。", "en": "Tom took off his clothes and put on his pajamas.", "tatoeba_id": 199815 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ea830fc58ae2862a289b057306b0c39fe0c2f871a5ef492af4fb6958b6c5b496", "meanings": [ "睡衣" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このパジャマはよく汗を吸収します。", "zh": "这套睡衣很吸汗。" }, { "ja": "トムは服を脱いでパジャマを着た。", "zh": "汤姆脱掉衣服，穿上睡衣。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/58733f2d10", "JMdict ent_seq 1101430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "98db8593f581bc1f5641448cbfbb18f30b02807cb41a21cadbe910d4e2a963aa" } }, { "id": "fd0167bb1a", "word": "柱", "reading": "はしら", "romaji": "hashira", "meanings": [ "pillar", "post" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1426480, "examples": [ { "ja": "この橋は１０本の柱で支えられている。", "en": "The bridge is supported by 10 posts.", "tatoeba_id": 222336 }, { "ja": "海外向け食品の輸出は農業関連産業の柱の一つです。", "en": "Overseas food exports are one of the mainstays of agribusiness.", "tatoeba_id": 185060 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ef0d90a07629fa7f4d635f8ecadc8e05ad1752054843c88b424a47b9486b889b", "meanings": [ "柱子", "支柱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この橋は１０本の柱で支えられている。", "zh": "这座桥由十根柱子支撑。" }, { "ja": "海外向け食品の輸出は農業関連産業の柱の一つです。", "zh": "食品出口是农业相关产业的支柱之一。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fd0167bb1a", "JMdict ent_seq 1426480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9843cb35df4e412479e0cc74a8e46318756e63a02d3a30fe7431e74adf66cb77" } }, { "id": "29adcf634d", "word": "恥じらう", "reading": "はじらう", "romaji": "hajirau", "meanings": [ "to feel shy", "to be bashful", "to blush" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1421600, "examples": [ { "ja": "花も恥じらう乙女たちに囲まれ、トムは緊張を隠せなかった。", "en": "Tom couldn't hide his nervousness at being surrounded by a group of excessively lovely maidens.", "tatoeba_id": 9681841 }, { "ja": "トムってね、メアリーが頬を赤らめ恥じらう姿に一目惚れしたらしいよ。", "en": "Tom seems to have fallen in love with Mary at first sight looking embarrassed and blushing.", "tatoeba_id": 9681819 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "443e125d0ffdca84557ffa4d48dae2bb33aed948df29826891299da7131a3236", "meanings": [ "害羞" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "花も恥じらう乙女たちに囲まれ、トムは緊張を隠せなかった。", "zh": "被娇艳如花的少女们包围，汤姆掩饰不住紧张。" }, { "ja": "トムってね、メアリーが頬を赤らめ恥じらう姿に一目惚れしたらしいよ。", "zh": "听说汤姆对玛丽红着脸害羞的样子一见钟情。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/29adcf634d", "JMdict ent_seq 1421600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "318222f4c4aae2b5bc8acffdf64bb4bdd858557e25f99b0179e22ad35ee8f9b0" } }, { "id": "9b14b42627", "word": "恥じる", "reading": "はじる", "romaji": "hajiru", "meanings": [ "to feel ashamed" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1421610, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はそうしたのを恥じている。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はそうしたのを{恥|は}じている。", "en": "I am ashamed of having done so.", "tatoeba_id": 160459 }, { "ja": "彼はうそをつくことを恥じている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はうそをつくことを{恥|は}じている。", "en": "He is ashamed of telling lies.", "tatoeba_id": 114322 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c64b95cea54a1986175e1cb72443aab390aa2cb3ddb3d654afe9f6f63b167a34", "meanings": [ "羞愧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はそうしたのを恥じている。", "zh": "我为那样做感到羞愧。" }, { "ja": "彼はうそをつくことを恥じている。", "zh": "他为说谎感到羞愧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9b14b42627", "JMdict ent_seq 1421610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9848f742fd3bbd9a698d37dfe00f75eb29caf53c5ffe4a1b2d04a99edb6f2a95" } }, { "id": "e6a2f28faa", "word": "橋渡し", "reading": "はしわたし", "romaji": "hashiwatashi", "meanings": [ "bridge building", "mediation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1237440, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は双方の協力を橋渡しした。", "en": "She mediated cooperation between the two sides." }, { "ja": "この橋は二つの町の橋渡しをしている。", "en": "This bridge connects the two towns." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "35b7753b63022ba09a9fcf7d063cd76de00c43f9e2c807c3b244ec0b2fb3481e", "meanings": [ "搭桥", "斡旋" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は双方の協力を橋渡しした。", "zh": "她为双方之间的合作牵线搭桥。" }, { "ja": "この橋は二つの町の橋渡しをしている。", "zh": "这座桥连接了两座城市。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e6a2f28faa", "JMdict ent_seq 1237440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cea40b9302ab1870c1c681a45c30792b4103eb0588b296108fb541437dfd0a74" } }, { "id": "27f69b4df3", "word": "蓮", "reading": "はす", "romaji": "hasu", "meanings": [ "lotus" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1559200, "examples": [ { "ja": "こちらには大きなハスの葉があります。", "furigana": "こちらには{大|おお}きなハスの{葉|は}があります。", "en": "We have very big lotus leaves.", "tatoeba_id": 224180 }, { "ja": "蓮の花はなんとも言えない芳香をはなっていた。", "en": "The lotus blossoms diffused an inexpressibly pleasant scent.", "tatoeba_id": 77421 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "45e52c2b34a2804403721e6c04f50e8622c9aaccf44734973b50208aa9fae386", "meanings": [ "莲" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "こちらには大きなハスの葉があります。", "zh": "这里有一片很大的荷叶。" }, { "ja": "蓮の花はなんとも言えない芳香をはなっていた。", "zh": "莲花散发着难以形容的芳香。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/27f69b4df3", "JMdict ent_seq 1559200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c75820dddecb8f62bc0e823992b56edb79648f53443b1b13ba2f1f7c6da07baa" } }, { "id": "aec7b25baf", "word": "弾む", "reading": "はずむ", "romaji": "hazumu", "meanings": [ "to spring", "to bound", "to bounce", "to be stimulated", "to be encouraged", "to get lively", "to treat oneself to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1419400, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の胸は期待に弾んだ。", "en": "His heart bounded with expectation.", "tatoeba_id": 117764 }, { "ja": "ゴムのボールは弾力性があるから弾む。", "furigana": "ゴムのボールは{弾力性|だんりょくせい}があるから{弾|はず}む。", "en": "A rubber ball bounces because it is elastic.", "tatoeba_id": 219086 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0eb3fe177bd853a8c058a5a415f1d38004cea0315cbcdd6c98733227dc42dbe1", "meanings": [ "弹跳", "兴奋" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の胸は期待に弾んだ。", "zh": "他的心因期待而兴奋。" }, { "ja": "ゴムのボールは弾力性があるから弾む。", "zh": "橡胶球有弹性，所以会弹跳。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aec7b25baf", "JMdict ent_seq 1419400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "758802ae27463a043a4c4cc84a09e05141eea462172c8225888aa6f011d1671e" } }, { "id": "39752dcb45", "word": "破損", "reading": "はそん", "romaji": "hason", "meanings": [ "damage" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1471380, "examples": [ { "ja": "屋根が破損した家は今では修理が完了している。", "furigana": "{屋根|やね}が{破損|はそん}した{家|いえ}は{今|いま}では{修理|しゅうり}が{完了|かんりょう}している。", "en": "The house with the damaged roof has been repaired.", "tatoeba_id": 188447 }, { "ja": "窓の破損料を請求された。", "furigana": "{窓|まど}の{破損|はそん}{料|りょう}を{請求|せいきゅう}された。", "en": "They charged me for the broken window.", "tatoeba_id": 140386 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8c178ba802db337fff0a5687578c28c4020721c71cf050804cc1174f86ac5eca", "meanings": [ "破损" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "屋根が破損した家は今では修理が完了している。", "zh": "屋顶损坏的房子现在已修好了。" }, { "ja": "窓の破損料を請求された。", "zh": "被要求支付窗户损坏的费用。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/39752dcb45", "JMdict ent_seq 1471380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a25880ceabc0ad559e45a5ec9e26349552ba9826c17da334171380789823f54a" } }, { "id": "31ce220a2e", "word": "機", "reading": "はた", "romaji": "hata", "meanings": [ "loom" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1220760, "examples": [ { "ja": "私の祖母ははたを織るのが好きだ。", "en": "My grandmother likes to weave things.", "tatoeba_id": 163149 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a822f52b77575f16fbc866f73953e47bd13cfec31d34810221051be2871eafa0", "meanings": [ "织布机" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私の祖母ははたを織るのが好きだ。", "zh": "我祖母喜欢织布。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/31ce220a2e", "JMdict ent_seq 1220760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2dfb5df609c066b3c24c5d3e52c8cf4f7c54fb7da0ea10e34dff058ec42a54b4" } }, { "id": "a4108bfef5", "word": "裸足", "reading": "はだし", "romaji": "hadashi", "meanings": [ "barefoot" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1547660, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はびっくりして裸足で外に飛び出した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はびっくりして{裸足|はだし}で{外|そと}に{飛|と}び{出|だ}した。", "en": "He was so startled that he ran outside barefoot.", "tatoeba_id": 111166 }, { "ja": "彼は専門家はだしの優れた技術をもっている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{専門家|せんもんか}はだしの{優|すぐ}れた{技術|ぎじゅつ}をもっている。", "en": "He has excellent techniques which would outdo a specialist.", "tatoeba_id": 103024 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2e0cb5b053f9c19421ce3f90c08aeb7b3aab6c58f9ef33c4970fb4f05804b318", "meanings": [ "赤脚", "胜过专家" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はびっくりして裸足で外に飛び出した。", "zh": "他吃惊地赤脚冲了出去。" }, { "ja": "彼は専門家はだしの優れた技術をもっている。", "zh": "他拥有连专家都比不上的出色技术。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a4108bfef5", "JMdict ent_seq 1547660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "72e808729085a84d9a8a49517e3a121f66aeadaa1abde93d45ff01a8e7fbd6fd" } }, { "id": "2177b63eb2", "word": "果たす", "reading": "はたす", "romaji": "hatasu", "meanings": [ "to accomplish", "to fulfill", "to carry out", "to achieve" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1192850, "examples": [ { "ja": "君はその義務を果たすべきである。", "furigana": "{君|きみ}はその{義務|ぎむ}を{果|は}たすべきである。", "en": "You must perform your duty.", "tatoeba_id": 177756 }, { "ja": "義務を果たすように努力しなさい。", "furigana": "{義務|ぎむ}を{果|は}たすように{努力|どりょく}しなさい。", "en": "Try to fulfill your duty.", "tatoeba_id": 182909 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ab5e8840c59a630ab5a9df68d6ea84bf88683e794f0b4b0b6002aba0b53a01f3", "meanings": [ "履行", "完成" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "君はその義務を果たすべきである。", "zh": "你应该履行那项义务。" }, { "ja": "義務を果たすように努力しなさい。", "zh": "努力履行义务吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2177b63eb2", "JMdict ent_seq 1192850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5638637d96bff53e8b79f80522b8a624ef011c979be521ee392f74a1ecd3ed63" } }, { "id": "5fa4cbe539", "word": "罰", "reading": "ばち", "romaji": "bachi", "meanings": [ "(divine) punishment", "curse", "retribution" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1478050, "examples": [ { "ja": "悪いことをすれば罰が当たる。", "en": "Bad deeds bring divine punishment." }, { "ja": "彼は罰を受けたと思った。", "en": "He felt he had received punishment." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "709ad3d8ca2a656877d0da49b24cce2cae43d727df53b437f893d390d6f3d67a", "meanings": [ "报应", "惩罚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "悪いことをすれば罰が当たる。", "zh": "做坏事会遭报应。" }, { "ja": "彼は罰を受けたと思った。", "zh": "他觉得自己受到了惩罚。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5fa4cbe539", "JMdict ent_seq 1478050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5a7b888ed76c6642a274570cb4dd8b76ca651d71acafcc34da252219d1998271" } }, { "id": "5c73b68e41", "word": "蜂蜜", "reading": "はちみつ", "romaji": "hachimitsu", "meanings": [ "honey" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1517860, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は砂糖の代わりにハチミツを使う。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{砂糖|さとう}の{代|か}わりにハチミツを{使|つか}う。", "en": "He uses honey instead of sugar.", "tatoeba_id": 107003 }, { "ja": "要するに、花がはちみつを作るのだ。", "furigana": "{要|よう}するに、{花|はな}がはちみつを{作|つく}るのだ。", "en": "In effect, flowers are the creators of honey.", "tatoeba_id": 78826 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2653684196619eb4e6ce421361189e5b21ac086159ec979f4411d4fa7d73a6fb", "meanings": [ "蜂蜜" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は砂糖の代わりにハチミツを使う。", "zh": "他用蜂蜜代替糖。" }, { "ja": "要するに、花がはちみつを作るのだ。", "zh": "总之，是花制造蜂蜜。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5c73b68e41", "JMdict ent_seq 1517860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f773fb7a6353d29eec77c304e6ca8bc70b6443c92b966ddaea5c20a04a28e716" } }, { "id": "548a31eef6", "word": "パチンコ", "reading": "パチンコ", "romaji": "pachinko", "meanings": [ "pachinko (Japanese pinball)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1101660, "examples": [ { "ja": "次郎はパチンコでガッポリもうけて上機嫌だった。", "en": "Jiro was all smiles after he made a bundle at the pachinko parlor.", "tatoeba_id": 168955 }, { "ja": "彼がパチンコするなんて絶対にないよ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}がパチンコするなんて{絶対|ぜったい}にないよ。", "en": "He wouldn't be caught dead playing pachinko.", "tatoeba_id": 120743 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1e579fdc2a3d8a3b5184bd5dd69d1d985fa4617188257fd321ff64c8e41487d9", "meanings": [ "弹珠机" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "次郎はパチンコでガッポリもうけて上機嫌だった。", "zh": "次郎玩弹珠机赚了一大笔钱，心情很好。" }, { "ja": "彼がパチンコするなんて絶対にないよ。", "zh": "他绝不会去玩弹珠机。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/548a31eef6", "JMdict ent_seq 1101660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1974197923352df7345ec78a52dafa0b454db2f15fb763aceda825c5e787f729" } }, { "id": "8517e2459f", "word": "初", "reading": "はつ", "romaji": "hatsu", "meanings": [ "first", "new" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n", "n-pref", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1342530, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らはエベレストに初登頂した。", "en": "They made first ascent of Mount Everest.", "tatoeba_id": 98171 }, { "ja": "翌月にはＮＨＬ初シャットアウトゲームを記録しＮＨＬスーパーゴーリーとしての才能を見せた。", "furigana": "{翌月|よくげつ}にはＮＨＬ{初|はつ}シャットアウトゲームを{記録|きろく}しＮＨＬスーパーゴーリーとしての{才能|さいのう}を{見|み}せた。", "en": "The next month he achieved his first NHL shutout and showed the talent of an NHL super goalie.", "tatoeba_id": 401499 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "be90485124d7dca65347812417d4fb0999ba5e94c9e88837eb2405633b61b83a", "meanings": [ "首次" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らはエベレストに初登頂した。", "zh": "他们首次登上了珠穆朗玛峰。" }, { "ja": "翌月にはＮＨＬ初シャットアウトゲームを記録しＮＨＬスーパーゴーリーとしての才能を見せた。", "zh": "次月他首次在NHL比赛中零封对手，展现了超级守门员的才能。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8517e2459f", "JMdict ent_seq 1342530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "222e4c9a739bae90dc2384687953e7e27edc2be10e36e9e524acb6d911cad4f7" } }, { "id": "9298e216ea", "word": "発", "reading": "はつ", "romaji": "hatsu", "meanings": [ "departure", "beginning", "counter for gunshots" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1477120, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は３発撃った。", "en": "He fired three shots.", "tatoeba_id": 115115 }, { "ja": "６時発のニューヨーク行きの列車に乗りたいのです。", "en": "I want to catch the six o'clock train to New York.", "tatoeba_id": 235032 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6a12c20fba72a6a31052df32d9a05522665aeba99472e555fc8ae3b6999cadb3", "meanings": [ "出发", "发" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は３発撃った。", "zh": "他开了三枪。" }, { "ja": "６時発のニューヨーク行きの列車に乗りたいのです。", "zh": "我想坐六点开往纽约的火车。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9298e216ea", "JMdict ent_seq 1477120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "aa9abfc18671b0bee82bf6c4339019111aafe6ce633f51c5adaa92decc4fd5eb" } }, { "id": "e685744c25", "word": "発育", "reading": "はついく", "romaji": "hatsuiku", "meanings": [ "(physical) growth", "development" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1477140, "examples": [ { "ja": "冷たい天候が稲の発育を遅らせた。", "furigana": "{冷|つめ}たい{天候|てんこう}が{稲|いね}の{発育|はついく}を{遅|おく}らせた。", "en": "The cold weather slowed the growth of the rice plants.", "tatoeba_id": 77666 }, { "ja": "赤ちゃんは子宮内の羊水で発育します。", "furigana": "{赤|あか}ちゃんは{子宮内|しきゅうない}の{羊水|ようすい}で{発育|はついく}します。", "en": "Babies grow up inside the amniotic fluid in the womb.", "tatoeba_id": 542943 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8e323bb6c3f0c8fd895fceb5e984b65ffe287b815c03f320d69ced957f369e99", "meanings": [ "发育", "生长" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "冷たい天候が稲の発育を遅らせた。", "zh": "寒冷天气延缓了水稻的生长。" }, { "ja": "赤ちゃんは子宮内の羊水で発育します。", "zh": "婴儿在子宫内的羊水中发育。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e685744c25", "JMdict ent_seq 1477140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8f39136fb7f56b198bfe631d64c66defa9210a506ea59625205c61e7004bb9a7" } }, { "id": "7444ba3ed5", "word": "発芽", "reading": "はつが", "romaji": "hatsuga", "meanings": [ "burgeoning" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1477190, "examples": [ { "ja": "種が発芽した。", "en": "The seed germinated." }, { "ja": "春になると植物が発芽する。", "en": "Plants sprout in spring." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a5a0eac8f14b483a569a0548daaaaa2614d99cbf4a6344d87faaa7c1d0a602be", "meanings": [ "发芽" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "種が発芽した。", "zh": "种子发芽了。" }, { "ja": "春になると植物が発芽する。", "zh": "春天植物开始发芽。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7444ba3ed5", "JMdict ent_seq 1477190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "67292e4c0afb0554e88527719a9626269537394d88b7f4dda3909b4921404553" } }, { "id": "ef477d1ab9", "word": "発掘", "reading": "はっくつ", "romaji": "hakkutsu", "meanings": [ "excavation", "exhumation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1477290, "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい遺跡で未発掘はいくつだったのですか。", "en": "How many new sites were uncovered?", "tatoeba_id": 145455 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4bbc8cc645d70024e5285f02cef875c303ddfd55f9dcf3354818fabdcfea033c", "meanings": [ "发掘" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい遺跡で未発掘はいくつだったのですか。", "zh": "新遗址中有多少处未被发掘？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ef477d1ab9", "JMdict ent_seq 1477290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0e5594b55550d75eb8f0ad3f54b9063b02ee3201df584f69c8cfbe852c85bb9c" } }, { "id": "65fb50ee7c", "word": "発言", "reading": "はつげん", "romaji": "hatsugen", "meanings": [ "utterance", "speech", "proposal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1477350, "examples": [ { "ja": "ジムはよけいな発言をした。", "furigana": "ジムはよけいな{発言|はつげん}をした。", "en": "Jim made a superfluous remark.", "tatoeba_id": 215997 }, { "ja": "そういう発言は誤解を招きやすい。", "furigana": "そういう{発言|はつげん}は{誤解|ごかい}を{招|まね}きやすい。", "en": "Such a remark is open to misunderstanding.", "tatoeba_id": 213915 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "977ffb4424146d3b85eeabd465c5ef3a71e477c483606b85ccd390e8e403221f", "meanings": [ "发言" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ジムはよけいな発言をした。", "zh": "吉姆说了多余的话。" }, { "ja": "そういう発言は誤解を招きやすい。", "zh": "那种发言容易招致误解。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/65fb50ee7c", "JMdict ent_seq 1477350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1d2bd9a1bb9aae57f45b0110bd58c0e078c87c2156ed2c5fe9b4413857ca52bd" } }, { "id": "bbc31b510f", "word": "バッジ", "reading": "バッジ", "romaji": "bajji", "meanings": [ "badge" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1099110, "examples": [ { "ja": "男子生徒のめいめいが帽子に学校のバッジをつけています。", "furigana": "{男子生徒|だんしせいと}のめいめいが{帽子|ぼうし}に{学校|がっこう}のバッジをつけています。", "en": "Each boy student has a school badge on his cap.", "tatoeba_id": 127175 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cb40ee0b7f68a32efa3d831dcd9a5ba8d5521e77a21479a5b08a2ac0fc22d72a", "meanings": [ "徽章" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "男子生徒のめいめいが帽子に学校のバッジをつけています。", "zh": "每个男生都在帽子上别着学校徽章。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bbc31b510f", "JMdict ent_seq 1099110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6fe23a0e8820fff47b1f694b9fc7e6068803e224a732ae823e9b56c43708b67f" } }, { "id": "f50d895a2a", "word": "発生", "reading": "はっせい", "romaji": "hassei", "meanings": [ "outbreak", "spring forth", "occurrence", "incidence", "origin" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1477620, "examples": [ { "ja": "一酸化炭素とは炭素化合物の不完全燃焼で発生する有害物質です。", "furigana": "{一酸化炭素|いっさんかたんそ}とは{炭素化合物|たんそかごうぶつ}の{不完全燃焼|ふかんぜんねんしょう}で{発生|はっせい}する{有害物質|ゆうがいぶっしつ}です。", "en": "Carbon monoxide is a poisonous substance formed by the incomplete combustion of carbon compounds.", "tatoeba_id": 75074 }, { "ja": "環境の変化から新種の発生をみた。", "furigana": "{環境|かんきょう}の{変化|へんか}から{新種|しんしゅ}の{発生|はっせい}をみた。", "en": "Environmental changes gave rise to new species.", "tatoeba_id": 183897 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6cd13df06812fe82edc952cb8cd4dd65ed981d9e2b88ff2dcee3c1b026ca1bfd", "meanings": [ "发生", "产生" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "一酸化炭素とは炭素化合物の不完全燃焼で発生する有害物質です。", "zh": "一氧化碳是碳化合物不完全燃烧时产生的有害物质。" }, { "ja": "環境の変化から新種の発生をみた。", "zh": "环境变化产生了新物种。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f50d895a2a", "JMdict ent_seq 1477620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4374fa71d68e27465e647735bf6da5a2d85f39a23fd17322e81e6acf30bc2b56" } }, { "id": "3089867b81", "word": "バット", "reading": "バット", "romaji": "batto", "meanings": [ "bat", "vat" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1099230, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はバットを振った。", "en": "He swung the bat." }, { "ja": "このバットは木製だ。", "en": "This bat is made of wood." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8a9ce37dd6279c0ec1d28ba84a03d653a148b1b76ccc3bc7ab3f37816e3f74f0", "meanings": [ "球棒" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はバットを振った。", "zh": "他挥动球棒。" }, { "ja": "このバットは木製だ。", "zh": "这根球棒是木制的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3089867b81", "JMdict ent_seq 1099230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b055238b463a4a3d33f3cbcc784956fd62ea2ba1700c98660cb9c0cfae74e496" } }, { "id": "52a27aec4f", "word": "発病", "reading": "はつびょう", "romaji": "hatsubyou", "meanings": [ "attack (disease)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1477870, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は昨年発病した。", "en": "She developed the illness last year." }, { "ja": "発病後、彼は治療を受けた。", "en": "He received treatment after falling ill." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f4a99245cc808666d0f8a71b5e64a2a2f4601aa6a49b2736bb84bb60c274ffa5", "meanings": [ "发病" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は昨年発病した。", "zh": "她去年发病了。" }, { "ja": "発病後、彼は治療を受けた。", "zh": "发病后他接受了治疗。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/52a27aec4f", "JMdict ent_seq 1477870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9fff8d5d09732cbe2385e931f8376bfcedaaf59b4bde0ec33624899742e88064" } }, { "id": "45f5de7d2d", "word": "初耳", "reading": "はつみみ", "romaji": "hatsumimi", "meanings": [ "something heard for the first time" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1342770, "examples": [ { "ja": "初耳ですね。", "furigana": "{初耳|はつみみ}ですね。", "en": "This is the first time I heard about it.", "tatoeba_id": 147513 }, { "ja": "このニュースは初耳です。", "furigana": "このニュースは{初耳|はつみみ}です。", "en": "This news is new to me.", "tatoeba_id": 223412 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a0f573f97227794e25a449490af2fdaae244fa802434fb86de7f54ccc31742d1", "meanings": [ "第一次听说" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "初耳ですね。", "zh": "第一次听说呢。" }, { "ja": "このニュースは初耳です。", "zh": "这个消息我第一次听说。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/45f5de7d2d", "JMdict ent_seq 1342770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f0eb77695769e9afdd42991da6f8b33e7b8fd34aa657bc3df50a5f58343f9b75" } }, { "id": "750951d516", "word": "果て", "reading": "はて", "romaji": "hate", "meanings": [ "the end", "the extremity", "the limit(s)", "the result" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1192860, "examples": [ { "ja": "この汽車は世界の果て行きの終列車です。", "en": "This train is the last train to the world's end.", "tatoeba_id": 143436 }, { "ja": "言葉は宇宙の果てへと飛び出していく。", "furigana": "{言葉|ことば}は{宇宙|うちゅう}の{果|は}てへと{飛|と}び{出|だ}していく。", "en": "Words travel across the universe.", "tatoeba_id": 174689 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "866b40f065c75247557ae8ecfaa734ae739516e7bd50d8bb55fe7032a8b1d116", "meanings": [ "尽头", "结果" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この汽車は世界の果て行きの終列車です。", "zh": "这列火车是开往世界尽头的末班车。" }, { "ja": "言葉は宇宙の果てへと飛び出していく。", "zh": "语言飞向宇宙尽头。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/750951d516", "JMdict ent_seq 1192860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "435f384f63d191f26c95c0694eae5d872de5d462ec8c642173675996a6b3b8f1" } }, { "id": "3573716a63", "word": "果てる", "reading": "はてる", "romaji": "hateru", "meanings": [ "to end", "to be finished", "to be exhausted", "to die", "to perish" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1192910, "examples": [ { "ja": "私達は疲れ果てるまで何時間も、その音楽に合わせて踊った。", "en": "We danced to the music for hours until we were all exhausted.", "tatoeba_id": 151299 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "735db2706ba8567d1875749a8c91ec025d7812113c2501781e06a052f937b4be", "meanings": [ "结束", "耗尽" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私達は疲れ果てるまで何時間も、その音楽に合わせて踊った。", "zh": "我们随着音乐跳了好几个小时，直到筋疲力尽。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3573716a63", "JMdict ent_seq 1192910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b6c5887f1164c150649602b2117c2c6ae291351abf3de035a4906c8f96d99e8f" } }, { "id": "b493e331ab", "word": "ばてる", "reading": "ばてる", "romaji": "bateru", "meanings": [ "to be exhausted", "to be worn out" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1010300, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はすっかりばてていたが、働き続けなければならなかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はすっかりばてていたが、{働|はたら}き{続|つづ}けなければならなかった。", "en": "Although he was exhausted, he had to keep working.", "tatoeba_id": 113394 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "92c56d5725e871b1d38f680457a1a2250bef4a08f1a7ca09ef5fae7122f2756c", "meanings": [ "疲惫" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はすっかりばてていたが、働き続けなければならなかった。", "zh": "他累坏了，但不得不继续工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b493e331ab", "JMdict ent_seq 1010300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "23c34570e37c7861d991e897118d642b774d12ee466a2afb09a089b88719e36e" } }, { "id": "3122744f68", "word": "パトカー", "reading": "パトカー", "romaji": "patokaa", "meanings": [ "patrol car" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1101950, "examples": [ { "ja": "パトカーを見て彼は逃げた。", "furigana": "パトカーを{見|み}て{彼|かれ}は{逃|に}げた。", "en": "He ran away at the sight of a police patrol.", "tatoeba_id": 197945 }, { "ja": "道端にパトカーがとまってます。", "furigana": "{道端|みちばた}にパトカーがとまってます。", "en": "A police car has stopped on the side of the road.", "tatoeba_id": 123547 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c26182f056e4e0d819c96f0ab19505dbc62b282c5821a2b64df83c0c7e023f6f", "meanings": [ "巡逻车" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "パトカーを見て彼は逃げた。", "zh": "看到警车，他逃跑了。" }, { "ja": "道端にパトカーがとまってます。", "zh": "路边停着一辆警车。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3122744f68", "JMdict ent_seq 1101950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0924f90bdd9ce66edabf64ca1f47e466506c4391bdf7aee8c8c4628eb44b8d88" } }, { "id": "6e3cda5641", "word": "甚だ", "reading": "はなはだ", "romaji": "hanahada", "meanings": [ "very", "greatly", "exceedingly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1370000, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はやたらに故事来歴に詳しいけれど、それが人生の役に立っているのかはなはだ疑問だね。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はやたらに{故事来歴|こじらいれき}に{詳|くわ}しいけれど、それが{人生|じんせい}の{役|やく}に{立|た}っているのかはなはだ{疑問|ぎもん}だね。", "en": "He has a great storehouse of knowledge about historical details but I seriously doubt that's of any use in life.", "tatoeba_id": 110512 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6d31e17479e9fba20c85b3dbb6b2b358c39273d674cbb4a6b9d1efa7042ea9e8", "meanings": [ "非常", "甚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はやたらに故事来歴に詳しいけれど、それが人生の役に立っているのかはなはだ疑問だね。", "zh": "他对典故来历知道得很多，但是否对人生有用，我深表怀疑。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6e3cda5641", "JMdict ent_seq 1370000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "51a7bd6ed90d369dafcddfae244255ba6ba52921a6044d5aa811d576db6bb78e" } }, { "id": "8616dbfe4e", "word": "華々しい", "reading": "はなばなしい", "romaji": "hanabanashii", "meanings": [ "brilliant", "magnificent", "spectacular" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1600960, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は華々しくデビューした。", "en": "She made a brilliant debut." }, { "ja": "大会には華々しい開会式があった。", "en": "The event had a spectacular opening ceremony." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "436d08d19284ea6c1532502b04abb027be8f8d1414a9ec42e85829728f15f022", "meanings": [ "辉煌", "华丽" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は華々しくデビューした。", "zh": "她以辉煌的表现首次亮相。" }, { "ja": "大会には華々しい開会式があった。", "zh": "大会有个盛大的开幕式。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8616dbfe4e", "JMdict ent_seq 1600960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fec887bbf480ce687c6ae8871332aedd35d32283cc30447edb7b24c6027985e6" } }, { "id": "047bfb10cf", "word": "花びら", "reading": "はなびら", "romaji": "hanabira", "meanings": [ "(flower) petal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1194520, "examples": [ { "ja": "このバラの花びらはとても柔らかい。", "furigana": "このバラの{花|はな}びらはとても{柔|やわ}らかい。", "en": "The petals of this rose are very tender.", "tatoeba_id": 223313 }, { "ja": "花びらが水面に浮かんでいる。", "furigana": "{花|はな}びらが{水面|すいめん}に{浮|う}かんでいる。", "en": "The petals are floating on the water.", "tatoeba_id": 186607 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6c209bfc310b3cc28e80703ad64a1cdc64db17f2e2dd65febdb68556a82f95bd", "meanings": [ "花瓣" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このバラの花びらはとても柔らかい。", "zh": "这朵玫瑰的花瓣很柔软。" }, { "ja": "花びらが水面に浮かんでいる。", "zh": "花瓣漂浮在水面上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/047bfb10cf", "JMdict ent_seq 1194520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5d64a3875fd4f752b9464343943fe17bf8f442b2143dabba89ff403ee83292be" } }, { "id": "e6917c64a6", "word": "華やか", "reading": "はなやか", "romaji": "hanayaka", "meanings": [ "gay", "showy", "brilliant", "gorgeous", "florid" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1600990, "examples": [ { "ja": "ショービジネスというのは本当に華やかだ。", "furigana": "ショービジネスというのは{本当|ほんとう}に{華|はな}やかだ。", "en": "Show business is really glamorous.", "tatoeba_id": 76672 }, { "ja": "アカデミー授賞式は、ハリウッド最大の華やかな催しだ。", "en": "The Oscar ceremonies are Hollywood's biggest extravaganza.", "tatoeba_id": 76915 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2e7b9a6d7f815be87ba7a31a526b702c610335566c14bd56a40890522018ccd2", "meanings": [ "华丽", "繁华" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ショービジネスというのは本当に華やかだ。", "zh": "演艺界真的很光鲜。" }, { "ja": "アカデミー授賞式は、ハリウッド最大の華やかな催しだ。", "zh": "奥斯卡颁奖典礼是好莱坞最盛大的活动。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e6917c64a6", "JMdict ent_seq 1600990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "49b3cfa4f68dcff0383a4a4d9b45217281e5bb42cc211307e4a778d83c37addd" } }, { "id": "360aad068d", "word": "阻む", "reading": "はばむ", "romaji": "habamu", "meanings": [ "to keep someone from doing", "to stop", "to prevent", "to check", "to hinder", "to obstruct", "to oppose", "to thwart" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1397800, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは大きな川に前進を阻まれた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{大|おお}きな{川|かわ}に{前進|ぜんしん}を{阻|はば}まれた。", "en": "Their progress was stopped by a wide river.", "tatoeba_id": 96612 }, { "ja": "我々の前進は阻まれた。", "furigana": "{我々|われわれ}の{前進|ぜんしん}は{阻|はば}まれた。", "en": "Our advance was checked.", "tatoeba_id": 186230 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ff16ca6e232e26323f0057615002c712e6de3ae439ebf0afe726c2d552a8db73", "meanings": [ "阻止" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは大きな川に前進を阻まれた。", "zh": "他们被一条大河挡住了前进的道路。" }, { "ja": "我々の前進は阻まれた。", "zh": "我们的前进受阻了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/360aad068d", "JMdict ent_seq 1397800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0393c871e142821029051962898ad8a07bc5dd93a0fb3ffdd1e206c293457221" } }, { "id": "d02723096e", "word": "浜", "reading": "はま", "romaji": "hama", "meanings": [ "beach", "seashore" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1490710, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは浜へ泳ぎに行った。", "en": "We went swimming at the beach.", "tatoeba_id": 165182 }, { "ja": "子供たちは浜で遊ぶのが大好きです。", "furigana": "{子供|こども}たちは{浜|はま}で{遊|あそ}ぶのが{大好|だいす}きです。", "en": "Children love playing on the beach.", "tatoeba_id": 168713 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4e62ef0544125a2e21daf606a9aed6a8716e9125d89e4b02f7a4c5cf0db428c3", "meanings": [ "海滩" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは浜へ泳ぎに行った。", "zh": "我们去海滩游泳。" }, { "ja": "子供たちは浜で遊ぶのが大好きです。", "zh": "孩子们很喜欢在海滩玩耍。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d02723096e", "JMdict ent_seq 1490710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fbd941f4d236ea4be4a39c2fe38152624a1d8901e1795a5fcbb5b4c5bd54a5c3" } }, { "id": "7f5bba0531", "word": "浜辺", "reading": "はまべ", "romaji": "hamabe", "meanings": [ "beach", "foreshore" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1490720, "examples": [ { "ja": "ボートが浜辺に引き上げられている。", "furigana": "ボートが{浜辺|はまべ}に{引|ひ}き{上|あ}げられている。", "en": "The boats are abandoned on shore.", "tatoeba_id": 196557 }, { "ja": "そのグループは浜辺を走っている。", "furigana": "そのグループは{浜辺|はまべ}を{走|はし}っている。", "en": "The group is running on the beach.", "tatoeba_id": 213234 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3848c972d3abf6ef12aa45d564e805a16e29fece7b6f5e49608bd1f02d769a1e", "meanings": [ "海滨" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ボートが浜辺に引き上げられている。", "zh": "船被拖到了海滩上。" }, { "ja": "そのグループは浜辺を走っている。", "zh": "那群人正在海滩上跑。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7f5bba0531", "JMdict ent_seq 1490720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3637a456485d2c192d6d05940cb25bf6b4e916d5065e4e39a0bce1a07598156a" } }, { "id": "5f261717b0", "word": "はまる", "reading": "はまる", "romaji": "hamaru", "meanings": [ "to get into", "to go into", "to fit", "to be fit for", "to suit", "to fall into", "to plunge into", "to be deceived" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1601030, "other_forms": [ "嵌まる", "填まる" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は編み物にはまっている。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{編|あ}み{物|もの}にはまっている。", "en": "She is absorbed in knitting.", "tatoeba_id": 87586 }, { "ja": "車がぬかるみにはまって動けなくなった。", "furigana": "{車|くるま}がぬかるみにはまって{動|うご}けなくなった。", "en": "The car got stuck in the mud.", "tatoeba_id": 149138 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "31ba4fced089d21c072ce473d85d7d0ff016acc868abffdbe5a60ad721fdde29", "meanings": [ "陷入", "迷上" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は編み物にはまっている。", "zh": "她迷上了编织。" }, { "ja": "車がぬかるみにはまって動けなくなった。", "zh": "车陷在泥里动不了了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5f261717b0", "JMdict ent_seq 1601030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "965fe51fdd4e08c00256df63cbb18970ce46c15b4f856e8e771eaa1e833efa6a" } }, { "id": "6fc9543bfe", "word": "生やす", "reading": "はやす", "romaji": "hayasu", "meanings": [ "to grow", "to cultivate", "to wear beard" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1378760, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は休暇中にあごひげを生やした。", "en": "He grew a beard while he was on holiday.", "tatoeba_id": 108486 }, { "ja": "彼は口ひげを生やしている。", "en": "He grows a mustache.", "tatoeba_id": 107422 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ce2deca8df22a98f124d93aac3f94ab8150e7eefb399ade07eae9e79d366c2f1", "meanings": [ "留", "生长" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は休暇中にあごひげを生やした。", "zh": "他在假期留了胡子。" }, { "ja": "彼は口ひげを生やしている。", "zh": "他留着小胡子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6fc9543bfe", "JMdict ent_seq 1378760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "628c5eebde8f64aa6a4596d4d3442b4d91c6f0e66b90c707e44fd8da893051a9" } }, { "id": "270dc2bedf", "word": "早める", "reading": "はやめる", "romaji": "hayameru", "meanings": [ "to hasten", "to quicken", "to expedite", "to precipitate", "to accelerate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1601080, "examples": [ { "ja": "その薬が成長の過程を早めた。", "furigana": "その{薬|くすり}が{成長|せいちょう}の{過程|かてい}を{早|はや}めた。", "en": "The medicine hastened the process of growth.", "tatoeba_id": 206320 }, { "ja": "先生は試験の日取りを早めた。", "furigana": "{先生|せんせい}は{試験|しけん}の{日取|ひど}りを{早|はや}めた。", "en": "Our teacher advanced the date of the exam.", "tatoeba_id": 141570 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a1c35c2f39a57a30b9ab8629150e7383bdecfe2510dabd955ae4a00a8232d2d0", "meanings": [ "提前", "加快" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その薬が成長の過程を早めた。", "zh": "那种药加快了生长过程。" }, { "ja": "先生は試験の日取りを早めた。", "zh": "老师把考试日期提前了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/270dc2bedf", "JMdict ent_seq 1601080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "03dfe22077bd6cfa19e5c29e7004e26bf7603ff2173ef6052a40cee8759cf93f" } }, { "id": "505203967e", "word": "腹立ち", "reading": "はらだち", "romaji": "haradachi", "meanings": [ "anger" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1501290, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は腹立ちまぎれにテーブルをたたいた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{腹立|はらだ}ちまぎれにテーブルをたたいた。", "en": "He pounded the table in a fit of anger.", "tatoeba_id": 100229 }, { "ja": "彼女は腹立ちまぎれに婚約を破棄した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{腹立|はらだ}ちまぎれに{婚約|こんやく}を{破棄|はき}した。", "en": "She broke off her engagement in a fit of anger.", "tatoeba_id": 86831 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "456b7735e2cee6b6978d6b0aeeefb5950e76ea3576b6d9f6e6ba989adcd22dbb", "meanings": [ "生气" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は腹立ちまぎれにテーブルをたたいた。", "zh": "他因愤怒而拍了桌子。" }, { "ja": "彼女は腹立ちまぎれに婚約を破棄した。", "zh": "她一气之下解除了婚约。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/505203967e", "JMdict ent_seq 1501290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7c29deb3a8f18fd8d10908d909efd302557aef60d3467ac374a7cf4f265682da" } }, { "id": "66748989bb", "word": "原っぱ", "reading": "はらっぱ", "romaji": "harappa", "meanings": [ "open field", "empty lot", "plain" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1261150, "examples": [ { "ja": "子どもたちは原っぱで遊んだ。", "en": "The children played in the open field." }, { "ja": "近くに原っぱがある。", "en": "There is an empty field nearby." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7b06619cf683d1ee6c6a5e2e73adb65bbbc4b596e8273acfd3e49bd6bdce64f2", "meanings": [ "空地" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "子どもたちは原っぱで遊んだ。", "zh": "孩子们在空地上玩耍。" }, { "ja": "近くに原っぱがある。", "zh": "附近有一片空地。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/66748989bb", "JMdict ent_seq 1261150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1876cee35b7549c59523ef4b5fe0a026dc764cc67f3eeb6c4dd46db430fe711c" } }, { "id": "af13ed2a6d", "word": "ばらまく", "reading": "ばらまく", "romaji": "baramaku", "meanings": [ "to disseminate", "to scatter", "to give money freely" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1601320, "other_forms": [ "ばら撒く", "散蒔く" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は金をばらまくのが好きだった。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{金|かね}をばらまくのが{好|す}きだった。", "en": "She liked throwing her money about.", "tatoeba_id": 90408 }, { "ja": "その候補者は選挙で大金をばらまいた。", "furigana": "その{候補者|こうほしゃ}は{選挙|せんきょ}で{大金|たいきん}をばらまいた。", "en": "The candidate handed out a great amount of money in the election.", "tatoeba_id": 210795 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8be74c841334ff4f97ca954383c6c3d1acc97f9a9b757b72a63be7d51922ef24", "meanings": [ "撒", "散发" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は金をばらまくのが好きだった。", "zh": "她喜欢挥霍钱财。" }, { "ja": "その候補者は選挙で大金をばらまいた。", "zh": "那个候选人在选举中撒了很多钱。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/af13ed2a6d", "JMdict ent_seq 1601320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fed277bcf3ca5a37e082f18b24c3f363dfd9e1708dc286fbe89fe5f6dd8968bc" } }, { "id": "8d0c7227fb", "word": "張り紙", "reading": "はりがみ", "romaji": "harigami", "meanings": [ "paper patch", "paper backing", "poster" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1427820, "examples": [ { "ja": "張り紙お断り。", "en": "Post No Bills.", "tatoeba_id": 126269 }, { "ja": "張り紙を出した。", "furigana": "{張|は}り{紙|がみ}を{出|だ}した。", "en": "I put up a notice.", "tatoeba_id": 126268 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "224a58153471f8b91e1fb3386117316521d817a0d5434d86cedc8bc24072588e", "meanings": [ "告示", "张贴" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "張り紙お断り。", "zh": "禁止张贴。" }, { "ja": "張り紙を出した。", "zh": "张贴了告示。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8d0c7227fb", "JMdict ent_seq 1427820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0ca87ccaef107ea951207be2e016af2aa11d3e5c96dac516db4853e933ba273e" } }, { "id": "398c83bac1", "word": "遥か", "reading": "はるか", "romaji": "haruka", "meanings": [ "far", "far-away", "distant", "remote", "far off" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1546930, "examples": [ { "ja": "私の故郷は海のはるか向こうにある。", "en": "My home lies far across the sea.", "tatoeba_id": 163678 }, { "ja": "はるか遠方に稲妻が走るのが見えた。", "furigana": "はるか{遠方|えんぽう}に{稲妻|いなずま}が{走|はし}るのが{見|み}えた。", "en": "I saw a flash of lightning far in the distance.", "tatoeba_id": 197822 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "88493575aaef3848b527293565f6b02a4a5258ac84b25c99c9b7bbd56203ce3d", "meanings": [ "遥远" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私の故郷は海のはるか向こうにある。", "zh": "我的故乡在海的遥远彼岸。" }, { "ja": "はるか遠方に稲妻が走るのが見えた。", "zh": "我看见远处闪电划过。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/398c83bac1", "JMdict ent_seq 1546930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "07386a080508a1b6afb43abf277fb6cfa80314dd9baab5dcb1d9c55ab562c464" } }, { "id": "4da424bbd5", "word": "破裂", "reading": "はれつ", "romaji": "haretsu", "meanings": [ "explosion", "rupture", "break off" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1471470, "examples": [ { "ja": "水道管が凍って破裂したんです。", "furigana": "{水道管|すいどうかん}が{凍|こお}って{破裂|はれつ}したんです。", "en": "The water pipes froze and then burst.", "tatoeba_id": 143647 }, { "ja": "地震のため水道の本管が破裂した。", "furigana": "{地震|じしん}のため{水道|すいどう}の{本管|ほんかん}が{破裂|はれつ}した。", "en": "The water mains burst due to the earthquake.", "tatoeba_id": 126889 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d1b0cb2604dabe17adf0fb7962e7005cad8e007f74972ca65846f5f0d3705af7", "meanings": [ "破裂" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "水道管が凍って破裂したんです。", "zh": "水管冻裂了。" }, { "ja": "地震のため水道の本管が破裂した。", "zh": "地震导致自来水总管破裂。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4da424bbd5", "JMdict ent_seq 1471470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "74ce432ef6f4fa54820236dfea1234cf63da6d9ab58e60469fe10fa5467dae7f" } }, { "id": "e3a908e6d8", "word": "腫れる", "reading": "はれる", "romaji": "hareru", "meanings": [ "to swell (from inflammation)", "to become swollen" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1328910, "examples": [ { "ja": "腫れるかもしれませんが気にしないでください。", "furigana": "{腫|は}れるかもしれませんが{気|き}にしないでください。", "en": "You may have swelling, but don't worry about it.", "tatoeba_id": 197796 }, { "ja": "歯茎がはれています。", "furigana": "{歯茎|はぐき}がはれています。", "en": "My gums are swollen.", "tatoeba_id": 150937 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "13ebd65698cd7ec92cd37a07f902e699506c8599dcf22ac9af0ce2c90b8e0be8", "meanings": [ "肿" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "腫れるかもしれませんが気にしないでください。", "zh": "可能会肿，但请不要担心。" }, { "ja": "歯茎がはれています。", "zh": "牙龈肿了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e3a908e6d8", "JMdict ent_seq 1328910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b576b8b9d99a983b1d8751aabd1fbb31ece0887bce7cfe454cd1e60dd7af6f22" } }, { "id": "6c1de07dfd", "word": "判", "reading": "はん", "romaji": "han", "meanings": [ "seal", "stamp", "monogram signature", "judgment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1478440, "examples": [ { "ja": "この駐車券に判を押して下さい。", "en": "Can you validate this parking ticket?", "tatoeba_id": 220553 }, { "ja": "書類に判を押してください。", "en": "Please stamp the document." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a38a4170500b84d0486bb37d45ce5480b11e12eb3a919ef867ded39bcace185a", "meanings": [ "印章", "判断" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この駐車券に判を押して下さい。", "zh": "请在这张停车券上盖章。" }, { "ja": "書類に判を押してください。", "zh": "请在文件上盖章。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6c1de07dfd", "JMdict ent_seq 1478440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "da7a211ab728b3a630758bf04178b04867aa4729da7bd971dc502f6a57024949" } }, { "id": "6b5f079fa9", "word": "版", "reading": "はん", "romaji": "han", "meanings": [ "edition" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1481480, "examples": [ { "ja": "この辞書は簡約版だ。", "en": "This dictionary is an abridged edition.", "tatoeba_id": 221513 }, { "ja": "この版は7,000部に限定されています。", "furigana": "この{版|はん}は7,000{部|ぶ}に{限定|げんてい}されています。", "en": "This edition is limited to seven thousand copies.", "tatoeba_id": 220160 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9599387a3373af064efb30656d72e93484ecef8254bce2dbb5d1a6c4a3a7471b", "meanings": [ "版本", "版" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この辞書は簡約版だ。", "zh": "这本词典是简缩版。" }, { "ja": "この版は7,000部に限定されています。", "zh": "这个版本限量七千册。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6b5f079fa9", "JMdict ent_seq 1481480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "408a914dd091774ac59b036a0e754d2912cc83d469e052a327b184430ad7f386" } }, { "id": "dcd00f82ed", "word": "班", "reading": "はん", "romaji": "han", "meanings": [ "group", "party", "section (mil)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1481640, "examples": [ { "ja": "サマーキャンプでは、彼女が私の班の責任者になった。", "en": "At the summer camp, she was in charge of the group I belonged to.", "tatoeba_id": 216747 }, { "ja": "マークは建設班の中では働き者だった。", "en": "Mark was a work horse on his construction crew.", "tatoeba_id": 195825 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1bfff2ce0ba6385cb25f4afd56517dc38f7b2d2ccc8358c28fa2a71054b6c5a7", "meanings": [ "小组" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "サマーキャンプでは、彼女が私の班の責任者になった。", "zh": "夏令营时，她成了我组的负责人。" }, { "ja": "マークは建設班の中では働き者だった。", "zh": "马克是建筑小组里勤奋的人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dcd00f82ed", "JMdict ent_seq 1481640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "269c676300b537ad4eb49a417f36981e889fe10d31b21da7fdbb0772a641efd9" } }, { "id": "8aea8207d5", "word": "繁栄", "reading": "はんえい", "romaji": "han'ei", "meanings": [ "prospering", "prosperity", "thriving", "flourishing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1481670, "examples": [ { "ja": "繁栄は勤勉にかかっている。", "en": "Prosperity depends on hard work.", "tatoeba_id": 121195 }, { "ja": "それは町の繁栄を脅かすだろう。", "furigana": "それは{町|まち}の{繁栄|はんえい}を{脅|おびや}かすだろう。", "en": "It will threaten the prosperity of the town.", "tatoeba_id": 204984 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e41b11969f893db47424c1f3bf7ce6f4bdb2b6cac262dc9a0fb57f76aa732eba", "meanings": [ "繁荣" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "繁栄は勤勉にかかっている。", "zh": "繁荣取决于勤奋。" }, { "ja": "それは町の繁栄を脅かすだろう。", "zh": "那会威胁城镇的繁荣。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8aea8207d5", "JMdict ent_seq 1481670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "88006778baf7cd24f5f42fb3754c6a9c19618afb0b2b9a30f4cdb2e67e7a694f" } }, { "id": "31652ca46f", "word": "版画", "reading": "はんが", "romaji": "hanga", "meanings": [ "art print" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1481510, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は木版の版画を作った。", "en": "She made a woodblock print." }, { "ja": "展覧会で版画が展示された。", "en": "Prints were displayed at the exhibition." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "dc6f6a2d526b9f3aae20c3449d25fbaae38550a0e72977dd274f81aeb9aca5bf", "meanings": [ "版画" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は木版の版画を作った。", "zh": "她制作了木版画。" }, { "ja": "展覧会で版画が展示された。", "zh": "展览展示了版画。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/31652ca46f", "JMdict ent_seq 1481510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3d8a313d67ec63697211d91731396e304e9cc1b2495bed3ab0888a0cbc32f6ef" } }, { "id": "02e6ac02bf", "word": "ハンガー", "reading": "ハンガー", "romaji": "hangaa", "meanings": [ "coat hanger" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1096430, "examples": [ { "ja": "コートをハンガーに掛けてください。", "en": "Please hang the coat on a hanger." }, { "ja": "ハンガーはクローゼットにある。", "en": "The hangers are in the closet." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "796a894af0a03c4ed6c341ec04af8fa4ff51d1a6b4891e46d12d22b272c325d8", "meanings": [ "衣架" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "コートをハンガーに掛けてください。", "zh": "请把外套挂在衣架上。" }, { "ja": "ハンガーはクローゼットにある。", "zh": "衣架在衣柜里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/02e6ac02bf", "JMdict ent_seq 1096430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d15110c3ee50b4c04fb35e207ec6786873eb60b4ca89d9382e7d93498a9d6924" } }, { "id": "ebea08a82f", "word": "反感", "reading": "はんかん", "romaji": "hankan", "meanings": [ "antipathy", "revolt", "animosity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1480260, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は話し手に対して反感を持った。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{話|はな}し{手|て}に{対|たい}して{反感|はんかん}を{持|も}った。", "en": "I experienced a feeling of antipathy towards the speaker.", "tatoeba_id": 152241 }, { "ja": "彼女は多分君が友達に対し反感を持つように仕向けたのだろう。", "en": "Probably she tried to set you against her friends.", "tatoeba_id": 88067 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "59c7c1a33b7e0e00ad544cd26364d598d4c70876b990e664a5edee4303267bea", "meanings": [ "反感" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は話し手に対して反感を持った。", "zh": "我对演讲者产生了反感。" }, { "ja": "彼女は多分君が友達に対し反感を持つように仕向けたのだろう。", "zh": "她可能引导你对朋友产生反感。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ebea08a82f", "JMdict ent_seq 1480260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fe6aad858d830b00261bef840d130e50b3909d2cf36a576db1e221afd08b2d0b" } }, { "id": "ebb9dafc92", "word": "反響", "reading": "はんきょう", "romaji": "hankyou", "meanings": [ "echo", "reverberation", "repercussion", "reaction", "influence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1480310, "examples": [ { "ja": "その部屋に彼の声が反響した。", "furigana": "その{部屋|へや}に{彼|かれ}の{声|こえ}が{反響|はんきょう}した。", "en": "The room echoes with his voice.", "tatoeba_id": 206980 }, { "ja": "話し声が壁に反響してうるさいな、この部屋。", "furigana": "{話|はな}し{声|ごえ}が{壁|かべ}に{反響|はんきょう}してうるさいな、この{部屋|へや}。", "en": "This room is noisy. The sound bounces right off the walls.", "tatoeba_id": 77174 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "13ec2b8abf11dac7d200343fe53d55cc05014e72508a1162444df090a0ffc4b3", "meanings": [ "回响", "反响" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その部屋に彼の声が反響した。", "zh": "他的声音在房间里回响。" }, { "ja": "話し声が壁に反響してうるさいな、この部屋。", "zh": "说话声在墙上回响，这房间真吵。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ebb9dafc92", "JMdict ent_seq 1480310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "abc2602b40ab0332fa43e9522cd202f0b15216c28333efccbb4196406572bc05" } }, { "id": "24aad19c86", "word": "パンク", "reading": "パンク", "romaji": "panku", "meanings": [ "(abbreviation) puncture", "bursting", "punk" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1103110, "examples": [ { "ja": "自転車のタイヤがパンクした。", "en": "The bicycle tire went flat." }, { "ja": "袋がパンクしそうなほどいっぱいだ。", "en": "The bag is so full it is about to burst." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cfb467b0c9616a364e1a729c6b424c154c47d0fe13956f8ff9fcfcfb3393e73f", "meanings": [ "爆胎", "破裂" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "自転車のタイヤがパンクした。", "zh": "自行车轮胎爆了。" }, { "ja": "袋がパンクしそうなほどいっぱいだ。", "zh": "袋子装得要撑破了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/24aad19c86", "JMdict ent_seq 1103110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e0473ba12b81cce4deb9784b2dae798c717c881e504c652fe6a527fa8b22c8bc" } }, { "id": "e4a7d6466e", "word": "反撃", "reading": "はんげき", "romaji": "hangeki", "meanings": [ "counterattack", "counteroffensive", "counterblow" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1480340, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのクモは素早い反撃をする。", "furigana": "そのクモは{素早|すばや}い{反撃|はんげき}をする。", "en": "The spider responds with a swift attack.", "tatoeba_id": 213257 }, { "ja": "すべての将兵が力を合わせて反撃した。", "furigana": "すべての{将兵|しょうへい}が{力|ちから}を{合|あ}わせて{反撃|はんげき}した。", "en": "All the officers and men joined their efforts against the attack.", "tatoeba_id": 214457 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ddadfbd489eaed75d1ad4106afd97ef9132f33ee0159f617b0d05fffaf6d9c96", "meanings": [ "反击" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのクモは素早い反撃をする。", "zh": "那只蜘蛛迅速反击。" }, { "ja": "すべての将兵が力を合わせて反撃した。", "zh": "全体官兵齐心协力反击。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e4a7d6466e", "JMdict ent_seq 1480340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "35e6cd4f2ed61826b0eec74816c6dae1d194ca6b24de0d2fed54fb10a3f8c2b7" } }, { "id": "f0e1839e03", "word": "判決", "reading": "はんけつ", "romaji": "hanketsu", "meanings": [ "judicial decision", "judgement", "sentence", "decree" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1478520, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼に不利な判決がでた。", "en": "The judgement went against him.", "tatoeba_id": 118490 }, { "ja": "法廷は彼に有罪の判決を下した。", "furigana": "{法廷|ほうてい}は{彼|かれ}に{有罪|ゆうざい}の{判決|はんけつ}を{下|くだ}した。", "en": "The court judged him guilty.", "tatoeba_id": 82679 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c48508b1b910e6a190e941abc469b02e09e821156826d5e5b38c90bc5e90dc8a", "meanings": [ "判决" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼に不利な判決がでた。", "zh": "作出了对他不利的判决。" }, { "ja": "法廷は彼に有罪の判決を下した。", "zh": "法院判他有罪。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f0e1839e03", "JMdict ent_seq 1478520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8fb6ec5a05a6ecb9f31565489db8bef3c731d60ab21a6722fe69e030e7f7522e" } }, { "id": "c50f3eed79", "word": "反射", "reading": "はんしゃ", "romaji": "hansha", "meanings": [ "reflection", "reverberation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1480420, "examples": [ { "ja": "目が部屋の明かりを反射したときに彼女の目は輝いた。", "en": "Her eyes shone as they reflected the light of the room.", "tatoeba_id": 79986 }, { "ja": "水は光を反射する。", "furigana": "{水|みず}は{光|ひかり}を{反射|はんしゃ}する。", "en": "Water reflects light.", "tatoeba_id": 143764 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "dba4214217f6c6f455fcae20bcc8c4503efb34cd197c578d1f03bcc2ffe37549", "meanings": [ "反射" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "目が部屋の明かりを反射したときに彼女の目は輝いた。", "zh": "房间的灯光映在她眼睛上时，她的眼睛闪闪发亮。" }, { "ja": "水は光を反射する。", "zh": "水会反射光。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c50f3eed79", "JMdict ent_seq 1480420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f85772e4e3caf93164af9f0104607f9a1d63aa9a7dd7725b3838322bd58c6c50" } }, { "id": "d215cf494b", "word": "繁盛", "reading": "はんじょう", "romaji": "hanjou", "meanings": [ "prosperity", "flourishing", "thriving" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1481710, "examples": [ { "ja": "今あまり繁盛していません。", "furigana": "{今|いま}あまり{繁盛|はんじょう}していません。", "en": "My business is slow right now.", "tatoeba_id": 172882 }, { "ja": "商売は、繁盛しているようですね。", "furigana": "{商売|しょうばい}は、{繁盛|はんじょう}しているようですね。", "en": "Your business is flourishing, I hear.", "tatoeba_id": 147130 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "abd45999fc963da022692d25cb6a4eb9cb2d95ec755e92580e3f4432671dfb10", "meanings": [ "兴隆" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "今あまり繁盛していません。", "zh": "现在生意不太兴隆。" }, { "ja": "商売は、繁盛しているようですね。", "zh": "生意似乎很兴隆啊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d215cf494b", "JMdict ent_seq 1481710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c1e381ec0bdf6321acfe5b22558b4de742316632cfadb427d755ac71caba7e6c" } }, { "id": "9af4af395e", "word": "繁殖", "reading": "はんしょく", "romaji": "hanshoku", "meanings": [ "breed", "multiply", "increase", "propagation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1481700, "examples": [ { "ja": "８月下旬に彼らは繁殖のために長い旅に出発します。", "en": "In late August, they set off on a long journey for breeding.", "tatoeba_id": 234945 }, { "ja": "ネズミはどんどん繁殖する。", "furigana": "ネズミはどんどん{繁殖|はんしょく}する。", "en": "Rats breed rapidly.", "tatoeba_id": 198601 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e50228dfa9d5a4a5ac648b4124665840c2a693171ded35f97b5e00a70b3ef8fc", "meanings": [ "繁殖" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "８月下旬に彼らは繁殖のために長い旅に出発します。", "zh": "八月下旬，它们为了繁殖开始长途迁徙。" }, { "ja": "ネズミはどんどん繁殖する。", "zh": "老鼠不断繁殖。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9af4af395e", "JMdict ent_seq 1481700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e9986848e5555837899dd5c7985c9d02e9811e151010b5442aa909c7c85e13a1" } }, { "id": "4445a67af3", "word": "万人", "reading": "ばんじん", "romaji": "banjin", "meanings": [ "all people", "everybody" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1584500, "examples": [ { "ja": "死は万人に来るべきもの、すべて人は死すべきものなり。", "en": "Death is certain to all, all shall die.", "tatoeba_id": 168149 }, { "ja": "万人が平和を望んでいる。", "en": "Everyone hopes for peace." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3e43c24fcbec7ee2f0ad43b243c1e0d07648b3a07917f4efbfca3681349f4884", "meanings": [ "所有人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "死は万人に来るべきもの、すべて人は死すべきものなり。", "zh": "死亡会降临每个人，所有人都终有一死。" }, { "ja": "万人が平和を望んでいる。", "zh": "人人都希望和平。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4445a67af3", "JMdict ent_seq 1584500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "此处读ばんじん意为所有人；人数一万人通常读いちまんにん。", "review_hash": "2c74cdd253ce33260b073a65f1abeffb0fb032f0d5595d9abed61e00e7e95dd9" } }, { "id": "100b82539f", "word": "反する", "reading": "はんする", "romaji": "hansuru", "meanings": [ "to be inconsistent with", "to oppose", "to contradict", "to transgress", "to rebel" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vs-s", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1480080, "examples": [ { "ja": "お金を借りる事は私の主義に反する。", "en": "It is against my principles to borrow money.", "tatoeba_id": 227221 }, { "ja": "朝早く人を訪問するのは礼儀に反する。", "furigana": "{朝早|あさはや}く{人|ひと}を{訪問|ほうもん}するのは{礼儀|れいぎ}に{反|はん}する。", "en": "It is against etiquette to call on a person early in the morning.", "tatoeba_id": 126157 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2ecb646fe04f7e698c3766deee81a3b1c33ad412ff308b859705c9e2b95558f6", "meanings": [ "违反", "违背" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "お金を借りる事は私の主義に反する。", "zh": "借钱违背我的原则。" }, { "ja": "朝早く人を訪問するのは礼儀に反する。", "zh": "清早拜访别人不合礼仪。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/100b82539f", "JMdict ent_seq 1480080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "44b4ecf617f52281a43974561a57056d404ef0756e0bc5aea44ae99a7e60bcc0" } }, { "id": "bc77005dc0", "word": "判定", "reading": "はんてい", "romaji": "hantei", "meanings": [ "judgement", "decision", "award", "verdict" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1478660, "examples": [ { "ja": "審判の判定は絶対だ。", "furigana": "{審判|しんぱん}の{判定|はんてい}は{絶対|ぜったい}だ。", "en": "The judge's decision is final.", "tatoeba_id": 145621 }, { "ja": "彼はボールをファウルと判定した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はボールをファウルと{判定|はんてい}した。", "en": "He called the ball foul.", "tatoeba_id": 110979 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "20170d7ab8fb02edcf3ed2d7285f6c5369a17b13cd6981519399db32bf7d5852", "meanings": [ "判定" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "審判の判定は絶対だ。", "zh": "裁判的判定是最终的。" }, { "ja": "彼はボールをファウルと判定した。", "zh": "他判定那个球是界外球。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bc77005dc0", "JMdict ent_seq 1478660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6bb3564e1fee93d21635aa52cce2521af81ab15c1011c886546b2473b2198f9f" } }, { "id": "8b03fa57c9", "word": "反応", "reading": "はんのう", "romaji": "hannou", "meanings": [ "reaction", "response" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1480210, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はそのニュースにどのような反応をしましたか。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はそのニュースにどのような{反応|はんのう}をしましたか。", "en": "How did he respond to the news?", "tatoeba_id": 113156 }, { "ja": "ツベルクリン反応は疑陽性でした。", "en": "The tuberculin reaction was pseudopositive.", "tatoeba_id": 202560 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3abeddce49432f6243294859fbb1ea0fee0cafea9f2e3d3caffc66fe2facad55", "meanings": [ "反应" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はそのニュースにどのような反応をしましたか。", "zh": "他对那个消息有什么反应？" }, { "ja": "ツベルクリン反応は疑陽性でした。", "zh": "结核菌素反应为疑似阳性。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8b03fa57c9", "JMdict ent_seq 1480210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0f1b9a95650a2d250ced5ac18205d5f6dda77e3d8fdc5b944da966bc51963d45" } }, { "id": "c7ea9c58c5", "word": "万能", "reading": "ばんのう", "romaji": "bannou", "meanings": [ "all-purpose", "almighty", "omnipotent" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1584530, "examples": [ { "ja": "人間は神ほど万能ではない。", "furigana": "{人間|にんげん}は{神|かみ}ほど{万能|ばんのう}ではない。", "en": "Man is not as almighty as God.", "tatoeba_id": 144266 }, { "ja": "彼はスポーツ万能だね。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はスポーツ{万能|ばんのう}だね。", "en": "He excels in many sports.", "tatoeba_id": 113304 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "015f8b7329ab6c15209ea2534f8070f8dfed43b93c07053840fc1aad9872fde1", "meanings": [ "万能" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人間は神ほど万能ではない。", "zh": "人不像神那样无所不能。" }, { "ja": "彼はスポーツ万能だね。", "zh": "他各种运动都很擅长。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c7ea9c58c5", "JMdict ent_seq 1584530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5399f61e7ec44d848ed015e6e51aa449d37df80dbd634db9e13d4f6391858612" } }, { "id": "b6ee1dd14e", "word": "半端", "reading": "はんぱ", "romaji": "hanpa", "meanings": [ "remnant", "fragment", "incomplete set", "fraction", "odd sum", "incompleteness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1479640, "examples": [ { "ja": "半端な時間に自転車に乗るだけだ。", "en": "I only ride a bicycle at odd times.", "tatoeba_id": 121260 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "16ff329c8579fbf17d07cb0544b4a33800a93b88877b80f08658c3ef35e7fd14", "meanings": [ "零头", "不彻底" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "半端な時間に自転車に乗るだけだ。", "zh": "我只在零碎时间骑自行车。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b6ee1dd14e", "JMdict ent_seq 1479640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d2ef62ed99a2e05c78badaad0e582f8a88744cb427248c8d5021d821fc3a6df2" } }, { "id": "85bfcd7326", "word": "反発", "reading": "はんぱつ", "romaji": "hanpatsu", "meanings": [ "repelling", "rebound", "recover", "oppose" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1480890, "examples": [ { "ja": "若者達は本来、親の考えに対して反発するものだ。", "en": "It is quite natural for young people to rebel against their parents.", "tatoeba_id": 148810 }, { "ja": "財界では、法案提出断念に反発を強めているそうだ。", "furigana": "{財界|ざいかい}では、{法案提出|ほうあんていしゅつ}{断念|だんねん}に{反発|はんぱつ}を{強|つよ}めているそうだ。", "en": "In the financial world opposition is apparently increasing against the withdrawal of the proposed bill.", "tatoeba_id": 76123 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1e0e2256972a7a9638601fe0d0b24da1090499df5669367cd92dff8d32abedce", "meanings": [ "反抗", "反弹" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "若者達は本来、親の考えに対して反発するものだ。", "zh": "年轻人本来就会反抗父母的想法。" }, { "ja": "財界では、法案提出断念に反発を強めているそうだ。", "zh": "据说经济界对放弃提交法案的反对日益强烈。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/85bfcd7326", "JMdict ent_seq 1480890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "909a22bf54a7c5af25cd8b36ee1f96b544a5ae6fb2f6353316eaad68598e1b17" } }, { "id": "21d892acef", "word": "番目", "reading": "ばんめ", "romaji": "banme", "meanings": [ "cardinal number suffix" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1482410, "examples": [ { "ja": "３番目の星はある王様の物でした。", "furigana": "３{番目|ばんめ}の{星|ほし}はある{王様|おうさま}の{物|もの}でした。", "en": "The third star belonged to a certain king.", "tatoeba_id": 235255 }, { "ja": "海王星は太陽系の8番目の惑星だ。", "furigana": "{海王星|かいおうせい}は{太陽系|たいようけい}の8{番目|ばんめ}の{惑星|わくせい}だ。", "en": "Neptune is the eighth planet of the solar system.", "tatoeba_id": 185081 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "db209012c45b472e33e0680ab803e0354134b2a68d0b68767d037e0e9e504391", "meanings": [ "第……个" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "３番目の星はある王様の物でした。", "zh": "第三颗星属于一位国王。" }, { "ja": "海王星は太陽系の8番目の惑星だ。", "zh": "海王星是太阳系的第八颗行星。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/21d892acef", "JMdict ent_seq 1482410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "49217f8eb1462d3119b3b0cff92de757c444c1b5c172edbbbb25a4649f3c534f" } }, { "id": "9e54509094", "word": "反乱", "reading": "はんらん", "romaji": "hanran", "meanings": [ "insurrection", "mutiny", "rebellion", "revolt", "uprising" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1481090, "examples": [ { "ja": "軍隊は簡単に反乱を鎮圧した。", "en": "The troops easily put down the rebellion.", "tatoeba_id": 176663 }, { "ja": "民衆は国王に対して反乱を起こした。", "furigana": "{民衆|みんしゅう}は{国王|こくおう}に{対|たい}して{反乱|はんらん}を{起|お}こした。", "en": "People rose in revolt against the king.", "tatoeba_id": 81013 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3df99479fb6ffdfc2fb3a758b69c73c1b1a13110e8af1d3ea1de99e1d2a1ad2e", "meanings": [ "叛乱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "軍隊は簡単に反乱を鎮圧した。", "zh": "军队轻易镇压了叛乱。" }, { "ja": "民衆は国王に対して反乱を起こした。", "zh": "民众发动叛乱反抗国王。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9e54509094", "JMdict ent_seq 1481090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "879a4ad2bc426f1a870878995117325d1c1bef38dd74e1b6b94d407d2f63fd59" } }, { "id": "e1fb008280", "word": "氾濫", "reading": "はんらん", "romaji": "hanran", "meanings": [ "overflowing", "flood" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1481420, "examples": [ { "ja": "川が氾濫して広い地域が水浸しになった。", "furigana": "{川|かわ}が{氾濫|はんらん}して{広|ひろ}い{地域|ちいき}が{水浸|みずびた}しになった。", "en": "The river flooded a large area.", "tatoeba_id": 141401 }, { "ja": "突然、川が増水して氾濫した。", "furigana": "{突然|とつぜん}、{川|かわ}が{増水|ぞうすい}して{氾濫|はんらん}した。", "en": "All of a sudden, the river rose and broke its banks.", "tatoeba_id": 123346 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c60d36971103be08ce85d195697e1bbe94959a32068ce6a950d09d1dea0dba60", "meanings": [ "泛滥" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "川が氾濫して広い地域が水浸しになった。", "zh": "河水泛滥，大片地区被淹。" }, { "ja": "突然、川が増水して氾濫した。", "zh": "河水突然上涨并泛滥。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e1fb008280", "JMdict ent_seq 1481420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4877c2bbd8a381843b077f5be6b8bc432cc040e289f9e991a800d6ee1f251ca6" } }, { "id": "962a85276b", "word": "費", "reading": "ひ", "romaji": "hi", "meanings": [ "cost", "expense" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1484590, "examples": [ { "ja": "製造費は予算の３６パーセントと見積もっている。", "en": "I estimate the production costs to be 36 percent of the budget.", "tatoeba_id": 142630 }, { "ja": "入院費についておたずねしたいのですが。", "en": "I'd like to get information about your hospital fee.", "tatoeba_id": 122080 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f6cb58dd8cef048fe7000b6e84f714f1e26aff8ba25142a0c48d215acb68271d", "meanings": [ "费用" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "製造費は予算の３６パーセントと見積もっている。", "zh": "估计制造费用占预算的百分之三十六。" }, { "ja": "入院費についておたずねしたいのですが。", "zh": "我想咨询住院费用。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/962a85276b", "JMdict ent_seq 1484590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3519bfafdac1f095c2fe5df5223bb02c481a6f3c3bbc6d3afb5bf6e2dadee1a3" } }, { "id": "02a57db00d", "word": "非", "reading": "ひ", "romaji": "hi", "meanings": [ "fault", "error", "non-" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1484710, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は自分の非を認めましたか。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{自分|じぶん}の{非|ひ}を{認|みと}めましたか。", "en": "Did he admit that he was wrong?", "tatoeba_id": 104869 }, { "ja": "彼に責められる非はないとされた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}に{責|せ}められる{非|ひ}はないとされた。", "en": "He was absolved from blame.", "tatoeba_id": 118553 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2e003c1b3d29937fb902140acce92b95139d466b88d978a3b52aef10b84d81f4", "meanings": [ "错误", "非" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は自分の非を認めましたか。", "zh": "他承认自己的过错了吗？" }, { "ja": "彼に責められる非はないとされた。", "zh": "人们认为他没有应受责备的过错。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/02a57db00d", "JMdict ent_seq 1484710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b856fd766bf1a5d8b78d5e1b4d9792cb8c732541e18d102a04c0de73079be9e4" } }, { "id": "b25cbb229f", "word": "美", "reading": "び", "romaji": "bi", "meanings": [ "beauty" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1486350, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は美を愛する人間である。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{美|び}を{愛|あい}する{人間|にんげん}である。", "en": "I am a lover of the beautiful.", "tatoeba_id": 153106 }, { "ja": "美の認識は倫理の検査となり得る。", "furigana": "{美|び}の{認識|にんしき}は{倫理|りんり}の{検査|けんさ}となり{得|え}る。", "en": "The perception of beauty is a moral test.", "tatoeba_id": 85557 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "92abbc3904491712969b7327cc59ee4dc3adbec32b50e4a51feb1021afd15089", "meanings": [ "美" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は美を愛する人間である。", "zh": "我是爱美的人。" }, { "ja": "美の認識は倫理の検査となり得る。", "zh": "对美的认识可以成为伦理的检验。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b25cbb229f", "JMdict ent_seq 1486350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c44f6604631074a4f8d801bfdb417ba400ee1662925703c24990004026e7861d" } }, { "id": "6a84853cf2", "word": "延いては", "reading": "ひいては", "romaji": "hiitewa", "meanings": [ "not only...but also", "in addition to", "consequently" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1010470, "examples": [ { "ja": "教育の改善はひいては社会の発展に役立つ。", "en": "Improving education contributes in turn to social development." }, { "ja": "技術の進歩はひいては生活も変える。", "en": "Technological progress will ultimately change daily life as well." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fc4b2b2812fad9830f9890603ff5e5fed95e85c60598e1ba1cfdf83c2a4b4b6a", "meanings": [ "进而", "甚至" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "教育の改善はひいては社会の発展に役立つ。", "zh": "改善教育进而有助于社会发展。" }, { "ja": "技術の進歩はひいては生活も変える。", "zh": "技术进步最终也会改变生活。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6a84853cf2", "JMdict ent_seq 1010470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fff23e729dbcc99438aaea5df32f5373a4ac2fa7eb20bddca7e66c8ded5508c9" } }, { "id": "2879a950d7", "word": "ビールス", "reading": "ビールス", "romaji": "biirusu", "meanings": [ "virus" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2843940, "examples": [ { "ja": "このビールスは人に感染する。", "en": "This virus infects humans." }, { "ja": "研究者はビールスを調べた。", "en": "Researchers studied the virus." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ecab405938287515ff5a8202f1720227e689fc2c3a77b2e886680c7aa9fb58ae", "meanings": [ "病毒" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このビールスは人に感染する。", "zh": "这种病毒会感染人。" }, { "ja": "研究者はビールスを調べた。", "zh": "研究人员调查了病毒。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2879a950d7", "JMdict ent_seq 2843940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "dfddc33531640ead4a9778e6f75005f3061a23ef0be2016988d3a880978bbbb2" } }, { "id": "d4c885f1dc", "word": "控室", "reading": "ひかえしつ", "romaji": "hikaeshitsu", "meanings": [ "waiting room" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1601430, "examples": [ { "ja": "ここはお客様用の控え室です。", "en": "This is a waiting room for guests.", "tatoeba_id": 13715797 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a6986ded3bde36f5c5a1a85474bae8e97955c80dac56e6974a77f2eade385a36", "meanings": [ "休息室", "候诊室" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ここはお客様用の控え室です。", "zh": "这里是供客人使用的休息室。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d4c885f1dc", "JMdict ent_seq 1601430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6d7574bcd0b2a404b3c984c6dc36ff565f6b929fb32946519b354e404bccd3d9" } }, { "id": "9b0e88db96", "word": "控える", "reading": "ひかえる", "romaji": "hikaeru", "meanings": [ "to draw in", "to hold back", "to make notes", "to be temperate in" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1279060, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は入試を控えて神経質になっていた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{入試|にゅうし}を{控|ひか}えて{神経質|しんけいしつ}になっていた。", "en": "She was nervous before the entrance exam.", "tatoeba_id": 87606 }, { "ja": "先生は生徒たちにそれらの単語をノートに控えておくよう指示した。", "furigana": "{先生|せんせい}は{生徒|せいと}たちにそれらの{単語|たんご}をノートに{控|ひか}えておくよう{指示|しじ}した。", "en": "The teacher told the pupils to write those words down in their notebooks.", "tatoeba_id": 141556 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6dc637bfeb830641a6ca4a3b626b7af0c982ab91743c5e5e83f6eaa26c10cc17", "meanings": [ "克制", "准备", "记下" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は入試を控えて神経質になっていた。", "zh": "临近入学考试，她很紧张。" }, { "ja": "先生は生徒たちにそれらの単語をノートに控えておくよう指示した。", "zh": "老师指示学生把那些词记在笔记本上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9b0e88db96", "JMdict ent_seq 1279060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "35a66221842e36b781291242927dd5073c52cfddbc688470b96932c33fa05cef" } }, { "id": "4f910a19d7", "word": "悲観", "reading": "ひかん", "romaji": "hikan", "meanings": [ "pessimism", "disappointment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1483240, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は悲観する傾向がある。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{悲観|ひかん}する{傾向|けいこう}がある。", "en": "She has a tendency to look on the dark side of things.", "tatoeba_id": 87160 }, { "ja": "人生をそう悲観してはいけない。", "furigana": "{人生|じんせい}をそう{悲観|ひかん}してはいけない。", "en": "You had better not take such a hopeless view of life.", "tatoeba_id": 143968 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "66c996eb75d17bb1aaeae5c887f06845c9fd004bf631a4037a53bc7478c68c3c", "meanings": [ "悲观" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は悲観する傾向がある。", "zh": "她有悲观的倾向。" }, { "ja": "人生をそう悲観してはいけない。", "zh": "不要对人生那么悲观。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4f910a19d7", "JMdict ent_seq 1483240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "96da4263a9c4ed56bdb3b458bcad2c7175532d97fb74afba1bfd74d85f935ce2" } }, { "id": "fd5a222e6e", "word": "匹", "reading": "ひき", "romaji": "hiki", "meanings": [ "head", "small animal counter", "roll of cloth" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1583370, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは１匹の犬と１匹の猫を飼っている。", "en": "We own a dog and a cat.", "tatoeba_id": 166694 }, { "ja": "彼女の猫、また四匹も産んだんだ。", "en": "Her cat had another four kittens.", "tatoeba_id": 94101 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8a7a4f8954879a6ff20a820092e3c32cd881b34a63bffa5dbdf3f46d304fb293", "meanings": [ "只", "匹" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは１匹の犬と１匹の猫を飼っている。", "zh": "我们养了一只狗和一只猫。" }, { "ja": "彼女の猫、また四匹も産んだんだ。", "zh": "她的猫又生了四只。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fd5a222e6e", "JMdict ent_seq 1583370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8e4239c9df5359caefe8550e6943f180021df01f9e599c9e181403060fc1685f" } }, { "id": "cf4cad10bf", "word": "引き上げる", "reading": "ひきあげる", "romaji": "hikiageru", "meanings": [ "to withdraw", "to leave", "to pull out", "to retire" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1601480, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は夕食後自室に引き上げた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{夕食後|ゆうしょくご}{自室|じしつ}に{引|ひ}き{上|あ}げた。", "en": "He retired to his own room after supper.", "tatoeba_id": 99212 }, { "ja": "引き上げてくれ。", "furigana": "{引|ひ}き{上|あ}げてくれ。", "en": "Give me a hoist.", "tatoeba_id": 189992 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "992902f3ad0e4d1f8535cd48db222b436a55a7e52702e9a6d6918f83126c7ef6", "meanings": [ "提起", "撤退" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は夕食後自室に引き上げた。", "zh": "晚饭后他退回自己的房间。" }, { "ja": "引き上げてくれ。", "zh": "请撤走吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cf4cad10bf", "JMdict ent_seq 1601480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7daf92d7928a6bac86d28fb0241c22fd41ba3b670530d7e4e8d3f830e349e0a3" } }, { "id": "5250cd2fa9", "word": "率いる", "reading": "ひきいる", "romaji": "hikiiru", "meanings": [ "to lead", "to spearhead (a group)", "to command (troops)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1551210, "examples": [ { "ja": "指揮官は軍を率いて敵地に入った。", "furigana": "{指揮官|しきかん}は{軍|ぐん}を{率|ひき}いて{敵地|てきち}に{入|はい}った。", "en": "The commanding officer led his army into enemy territory.", "tatoeba_id": 168241 }, { "ja": "しかし城にたどりつくなり、近衛兵を率いた人によって、わたしはこの牢獄に勾引されてしまった。", "furigana": "しかし{城|しろ}にたどりつくなり、{近衛兵|このえへい}を{率|ひき}いた{人|ひと}によって、わたしはこの{牢獄|ろうごく}に{勾引|こういん}されてしまった。", "en": "However, when I finally reached the castle I was thrown into this prison by the commander of the imperial guard.", "tatoeba_id": 76686 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "df2bddcf98cc98ffe0c42617403d7499867b9cf59133edc98e60b1dceb366eb2", "meanings": [ "率领" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "指揮官は軍を率いて敵地に入った。", "zh": "指挥官率军进入敌境。" }, { "ja": "しかし城にたどりつくなり、近衛兵を率いた人によって、わたしはこの牢獄に勾引されてしまった。", "zh": "但刚到城堡，我就被率领卫兵的人拘禁在这座牢狱。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5250cd2fa9", "JMdict ent_seq 1551210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6d28647e5f88e18b044eefc3384d14a88a2e57632749061655cad6cc5663877f" } }, { "id": "05503a9f2f", "word": "引き起こす", "reading": "ひきおこす", "romaji": "hikiokosu", "meanings": [ "to cause" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1168880, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の不注意な運転が事故を引き起こした。", "en": "His careless driving caused the accident.", "tatoeba_id": 116257 }, { "ja": "嵐は、多くの災害を引き起こした。", "furigana": "{嵐|あらし}は、{多|おお}くの{災害|さいがい}を{引|ひ}き{起|お}こした。", "en": "The storm caused a lot of damage.", "tatoeba_id": 78419 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bd776ec3260de9bfa0530ab77c08f099d9eeeab5aed6d08ad0b393ea833d324c", "meanings": [ "引起" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の不注意な運転が事故を引き起こした。", "zh": "他粗心驾驶引发了事故。" }, { "ja": "嵐は、多くの災害を引き起こした。", "zh": "暴风雨造成了许多灾害。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/05503a9f2f", "JMdict ent_seq 1168880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "851e27ad2b3528ba87c8f6f13b2f1b9309de82c61ae9941bf526d6d33a52d3dc" } }, { "id": "bf60aacbc5", "word": "引き下げる", "reading": "ひきさげる", "romaji": "hikisageru", "meanings": [ "to pull down", "to lower", "to reduce", "to withdraw" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1601600, "examples": [ { "ja": "米国連邦準備銀行は金利を引き下げました。", "furigana": "{米国|べいこく}{連邦準備銀行|れんぽうじゅんびぎんこう}は{金利|きんり}を{引|ひ}き{下|さ}げました。", "en": "The Federal Reserve slashed interest rates.", "tatoeba_id": 83486 }, { "ja": "日銀は公定歩合を０．５％引き下げ、４．５％とした。", "furigana": "{日銀|にちぎん}は{公定歩合|こうていぶあい}を０．５％{引|ひ}き{下|さ}げ、４．５％とした。", "en": "The Bank of Japan lowered its discount rate by half a percentage point Monday, bringing the key lending rate to 4.5%.", "tatoeba_id": 122889 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cb0d8f2086509a060123e2fcac8af07a5c62024cba4c17080fac16c930760886", "meanings": [ "降低", "撤回" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "米国連邦準備銀行は金利を引き下げました。", "zh": "美国联邦储备银行降低了利率。" }, { "ja": "日銀は公定歩合を０．５％引き下げ、４．５％とした。", "zh": "日本央行将官方贴现率下调0.5个百分点至4.5%。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bf60aacbc5", "JMdict ent_seq 1601600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "47a2bf82b5637da3dd703c83909cc4149cb0e9aa1b73335ec045904458a941f8" } }, { "id": "295f2cbf59", "word": "引きずる", "reading": "ひきずる", "romaji": "hikizuru", "meanings": [ "to seduce", "to drag along", "to pull", "to prolong", "to support" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1169000, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は彼女の腕を取り、引きずっていった。", "en": "He seized her hand and dragged her away.", "tatoeba_id": 100843 }, { "ja": "私は重い荷物を空港まで引きずって行った。", "en": "I dragged the heavy baggage to the airport.", "tatoeba_id": 156010 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "22ae1d61a05a806552cf0362dc5b41ce346c0ed5c06f16f66ad6f3e5bd5fc630", "meanings": [ "拖", "拖延" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は彼女の腕を取り、引きずっていった。", "zh": "他抓住她的胳膊，把她拖走了。" }, { "ja": "私は重い荷物を空港まで引きずって行った。", "zh": "我把沉重的行李拖到了机场。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/295f2cbf59", "JMdict ent_seq 1169000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "be0b4dae26edd516f46d8b3612e7d39327771c355c670e99edb3c643b4f5b7e0" } }, { "id": "34e2aab83f", "word": "引き取る", "reading": "ひきとる", "romaji": "hikitoru", "meanings": [ "to take charge of", "to take over", "to retire to a private place" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1168960, "examples": [ { "ja": "問題は子供の引き取り権だった。", "furigana": "{問題|もんだい}は{子供|こども}の{引|ひ}き{取|と}り{権|けん}だった。", "en": "But custody of the children was a problem.", "tatoeba_id": 79828 }, { "ja": "若者が新製品を引き取りにきた。", "furigana": "{若者|わかもの}が{新製品|しんせいひん}を{引|ひ}き{取|と}りにきた。", "en": "A young man came for the new product.", "tatoeba_id": 148763 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6f9c02a86108756332206f1a9bbfe4baa414f7ecf6bff1e6d6dbf3dd749f4d19", "meanings": [ "接收", "收养" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "問題は子供の引き取り権だった。", "zh": "问题在于孩子的监护权。" }, { "ja": "若者が新製品を引き取りにきた。", "zh": "年轻人来领取新产品。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/34e2aab83f", "JMdict ent_seq 1168960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ac87e60a242b01aeebdca2cf0fefbc6aed9357a58d4c669c18e3bf8c6e47c101" } }, { "id": "e97e75f2c1", "word": "否決", "reading": "ひけつ", "romaji": "hiketsu", "meanings": [ "rejection", "negation", "voting down" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1482980, "examples": [ { "ja": "議案はたぶん否決されるだろう。", "furigana": "{議案|ぎあん}はたぶん{否決|ひけつ}されるだろう。", "en": "The chances are that the bill will be rejected.", "tatoeba_id": 182904 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3bcc7453ab24ec8e5961c4a5556ca6c700ec8b42142f6a719673af744971f8a7", "meanings": [ "否决" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "議案はたぶん否決されるだろう。", "zh": "议案恐怕会被否决。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e97e75f2c1", "JMdict ent_seq 1482980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d5d19c1b74313592498052f338bb5bf112aaafc8fc8ccfe33e1b3610219cb0a6" } }, { "id": "790bed33e0", "word": "非行", "reading": "ひこう", "romaji": "hikou", "meanings": [ "delinquency", "misconduct" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1484870, "examples": [ { "ja": "学校をさぼるのは非行の第一段階である。", "furigana": "{学校|がっこう}をさぼるのは{非行|ひこう}の{第一|だいいち}{段階|だんかい}である。", "en": "Cutting school is the first stage of delinquency.", "tatoeba_id": 184361 }, { "ja": "青少年の非行が急速に増加している。", "en": "Juvenile delinquency is on the increase at a rapid pace.", "tatoeba_id": 142567 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8389933b50cdbd25bce71358697154dd9c12737f72d382f8d55509a11be9bfda", "meanings": [ "不良行为" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "学校をさぼるのは非行の第一段階である。", "zh": "逃学是不良行为的第一阶段。" }, { "ja": "青少年の非行が急速に増加している。", "zh": "青少年的不良行为正在迅速增加。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/790bed33e0", "JMdict ent_seq 1484870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9e60363984e2a9d8558df3d75582878bbd33022291b008f28e0d279c7512cfa5" } }, { "id": "130277718b", "word": "日頃", "reading": "ひごろ", "romaji": "higoro", "meanings": [ "normally", "habitually" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1464070, "examples": [ { "ja": "日頃のご愛顧にお礼申し上げます。", "furigana": "{日頃|ひごろ}のご{愛顧|あいこ}にお{礼|れい}{申|もう}し{上|あ}げます。", "en": "We really thank you for your patronage.", "tatoeba_id": 122872 }, { "ja": "たまには酒にでも酔ってはじけて日頃の鬱憤晴らしたほうがいいんじゃないか。", "en": "Isn't it better to get drunk and cut loose once in a while and blow off the tension of daily frustration?", "tatoeba_id": 76572 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "57222137a2e91247a641dc59834a54ed470ab51bfe0282b2995b9a90d8e289a7", "meanings": [ "平日" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "日頃のご愛顧にお礼申し上げます。", "zh": "感谢您平日的惠顾。" }, { "ja": "たまには酒にでも酔ってはじけて日頃の鬱憤晴らしたほうがいいんじゃないか。", "zh": "偶尔喝点酒放松一下，发泄平日的郁闷如何？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/130277718b", "JMdict ent_seq 1464070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "63b7f78ac5b6678f5c1f6913cdabbbc1b3011a6c35df8d090a44f0ce959ec784" } }, { "id": "b430f3039d", "word": "久しい", "reading": "ひさしい", "romaji": "hisashii", "meanings": [ "long", "long-continued", "old (story)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1227340, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼が学校を出てからずいぶん久しい。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}が{学校|がっこう}を{出|で}てからずいぶん{久|ひさ}しい。", "en": "It's such a long time since he left school.", "tatoeba_id": 120509 }, { "ja": "驕る平家は久しからず。", "furigana": "{驕|おご}る{平家|へいけ}は{久|ひさ}しからず。", "en": "Pride will have a fall.", "tatoeba_id": 227747 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5f207d00f09a23b277b7911fbf08f1ee1bcb7525aa632d1ae014ab41bae94b7e", "meanings": [ "长久" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼が学校を出てからずいぶん久しい。", "zh": "他离开学校已经很久了。" }, { "ja": "驕る平家は久しからず。", "zh": "骄横的平家不能长久。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b430f3039d", "JMdict ent_seq 1227340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1e189fe1ff0eb701b3f2eb5a49532d834dceb3f2df03aa18fda03b7d28302a11" } }, { "id": "eb729b5f01", "word": "悲惨", "reading": "ひさん", "romaji": "hisan", "meanings": [ "misery" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1483290, "examples": [ { "ja": "戦争には悲惨と悲しみが伴う。", "furigana": "{戦争|せんそう}には{悲惨|ひさん}と{悲|かな}しみが{伴|ともな}う。", "en": "Misery and sorrow accompany war.", "tatoeba_id": 141286 }, { "ja": "台風で多くの悲惨な事態が生じた。", "en": "Much misery came about because of the typhoon.", "tatoeba_id": 137804 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "103de941f33188ce4f0f7311100fb9a32deb5adece99452737f2360086671b52", "meanings": [ "悲惨" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "戦争には悲惨と悲しみが伴う。", "zh": "战争伴随着悲惨与悲伤。" }, { "ja": "台風で多くの悲惨な事態が生じた。", "zh": "台风导致许多悲惨情况。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/eb729b5f01", "JMdict ent_seq 1483290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8776283f3b8958ad1c2eedc644cdf019aa750ea375f76fc69a0f819309ee50f6" } }, { "id": "edfcab4b38", "word": "ビジネス", "reading": "ビジネス", "romaji": "bijinesu", "meanings": [ "business" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1104780, "examples": [ { "ja": "私のビジネスは再び回復しつつあります。", "en": "My business is picking up again.", "tatoeba_id": 164122 }, { "ja": "彼はこのビジネスで名声を築いた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はこのビジネスで{名声|めいせい}を{築|きず}いた。", "en": "He worked up a good reputation through this business.", "tatoeba_id": 113796 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cb323892d9189aa025712f1609c9ee7f4c3338bf705f1e9523a33d95814a643c", "meanings": [ "商务", "生意" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私のビジネスは再び回復しつつあります。", "zh": "我的生意正在重新恢复。" }, { "ja": "彼はこのビジネスで名声を築いた。", "zh": "他在这个行业建立了名声。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/edfcab4b38", "JMdict ent_seq 1104780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "dad77c8130fb908af190a37b14dbb15562625a5c010345dffe340d1c6f07a09b" } }, { "id": "1340293e34", "word": "比重", "reading": "ひじゅう", "romaji": "hijuu", "meanings": [ "specific gravity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1483640, "examples": [ { "ja": "この物質の比重は大きい。", "en": "This substance has a high specific gravity." }, { "ja": "予算に占める教育の比重が増えた。", "en": "The relative weight of education in the budget increased." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9855e1d44abf86c2d347dc578b066b17826b6a85eb612da4f357a4b61445f8c6", "meanings": [ "比重", "相对重要性" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この物質の比重は大きい。", "zh": "这种物质的比重很大。" }, { "ja": "予算に占める教育の比重が増えた。", "zh": "教育在预算中所占比重增加了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1340293e34", "JMdict ent_seq 1483640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "24593014f790b505395ca0c4f231ece9b63056d81f6141ab825c5724bb1160b6" } }, { "id": "c0d21785c4", "word": "美術", "reading": "びじゅつ", "romaji": "bijutsu", "meanings": [ "art", "fine arts" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1486440, "examples": [ { "ja": "トムは現代美術を見る目がある。", "furigana": "トムは{現代|げんだい}{美術|びじゅつ}を{見|み}る{目|め}がある。", "en": "Tom has an eye for modern art.", "tatoeba_id": 199952 }, { "ja": "彼は美術が好きで外国へ出かけた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{美術|びじゅつ}が{好|す}きで{外国|がいこく}へ{出|で}かけた。", "en": "Love for art carried him abroad.", "tatoeba_id": 100660 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6ed7175996523f87cc9fd3bbeba0c173d79177f6c5338e7aa8b346a7234db188", "meanings": [ "美术" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "トムは現代美術を見る目がある。", "zh": "汤姆有欣赏现代美术的眼光。" }, { "ja": "彼は美術が好きで外国へ出かけた。", "zh": "他喜欢美术，去了国外。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c0d21785c4", "JMdict ent_seq 1486440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2a3c7211314e4ea16881edfc15b717672bb498dc977fa1c986d948b30ff36186" } }, { "id": "c1eb4a6e5e", "word": "秘書", "reading": "ひしょ", "romaji": "hisho", "meanings": [ "(private) secretary" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1484060, "examples": [ { "ja": "社長はブザーで秘書を呼んだ。", "furigana": "{社長|しゃちょう}はブザーで{秘書|ひしょ}を{呼|よ}んだ。", "en": "The boss buzzed his secretary.", "tatoeba_id": 149183 }, { "ja": "秘書はボスが口述するのを受けた。", "furigana": "{秘書|ひしょ}はボスが{口述|こうじゅつ}するのを{受|う}けた。", "en": "The secretary took dictation from her boss.", "tatoeba_id": 85864 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "11c65fe6d6981f057f43971a49f3b0c52a68bbc889c4cf146b6b46f33a041ecd", "meanings": [ "秘书" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "社長はブザーで秘書を呼んだ。", "zh": "社长用蜂鸣器叫秘书。" }, { "ja": "秘書はボスが口述するのを受けた。", "zh": "秘书记录了老板的口述。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c1eb4a6e5e", "JMdict ent_seq 1484060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ff9e005e6965848c42eb1e62184f3f1aa7bbbfd94355b076e7b43074f82fc2e0" } }, { "id": "ec976107e1", "word": "微笑", "reading": "びしょう", "romaji": "bishou", "meanings": [ "smile" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1485990, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私を見て皮肉な微笑を浮かべた。", "en": "He smiled a cynical smile at me.", "tatoeba_id": 105578 }, { "ja": "彼女は僕と出会うたび微笑みかける。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{僕|ぼく}と{出会|であ}うたび{微笑|びしょう}みかける。", "en": "Whenever I meet her, she smiles at me.", "tatoeba_id": 86713 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "851cf99123d6790237071d4c53ae581dcecd33e1fe8a27e5429b8a0aebbbb89d", "meanings": [ "微笑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私を見て皮肉な微笑を浮かべた。", "zh": "他看着我露出讽刺的微笑。" }, { "ja": "彼女は僕と出会うたび微笑みかける。", "zh": "她每次遇见我都会微笑。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ec976107e1", "JMdict ent_seq 1485990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4bd0c6251984ea1020e097852b7749b288f670ff96374ec1ceff8485067bb1f2" } }, { "id": "3a891bf639", "word": "密か", "reading": "ひそか", "romaji": "hisoka", "meanings": [ "secret", "private", "surreptitious" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1612520, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は密かに遊びたいと思っている。", "en": "He has a secret desire to play.", "tatoeba_id": 99747 }, { "ja": "彼女は密かに彼の失敗を笑った。", "en": "She laughed up her sleeve at his failure.", "tatoeba_id": 86595 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "87441b7b754dc770f6181b81c3558ab8a5bdbde0dbba02f0e404e8dfb89617b4", "meanings": [ "秘密", "暗中" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は密かに遊びたいと思っている。", "zh": "他暗中想出去玩。" }, { "ja": "彼女は密かに彼の失敗を笑った。", "zh": "她偷偷嘲笑他的失败。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3a891bf639", "JMdict ent_seq 1612520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c120a2b538ec48dec7abe6c70bb3735cfcb8d7cd4539ea3878acbcadb2f6a99d" } }, { "id": "3c973bbe09", "word": "浸す", "reading": "ひたす", "romaji": "hitasu", "meanings": [ "to soak", "to dip", "to drench" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1362560, "examples": [ { "ja": "鳥は首をひょいと水に浸した。", "furigana": "{鳥|とり}は{首|くび}をひょいと{水|みず}に{浸|ひた}した。", "en": "The bird dipped its head into the water.", "tatoeba_id": 125790 }, { "ja": "彼女は足首をお湯に浸した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{足首|あしくび}をお{湯|ゆ}に{浸|ひた}した。", "en": "She bathed her ankle with hot water.", "tatoeba_id": 88098 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5eede37daf839c8dbbcae3cdb17e3d37d6ae581a789fccd2457cc610a7fd56bf", "meanings": [ "浸泡" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "鳥は首をひょいと水に浸した。", "zh": "鸟一下子把脖子浸进水里。" }, { "ja": "彼女は足首をお湯に浸した。", "zh": "她把脚踝浸在热水里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3c973bbe09", "JMdict ent_seq 1362560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2c8925cacd135971a60c510ee174707790f33c72fdaeeb316ea9525c91b50dd2" } }, { "id": "53b486764f", "word": "ひたすら", "reading": "ひたすら", "romaji": "hitasura", "meanings": [ "earnestly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1010530, "other_forms": [ "一向" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はひたすらピアノを練習した。", "en": "She practiced the piano single-mindedly." }, { "ja": "私はひたすら前へ走った。", "en": "I just kept running forward." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "181675a0b51ace320179414b110c34ac38f57b91096f02f67d88bcc87a47bf32", "meanings": [ "一心", "只顾" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はひたすらピアノを練習した。", "zh": "她一心练习钢琴。" }, { "ja": "私はひたすら前へ走った。", "zh": "我只顾向前跑。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/53b486764f", "JMdict ent_seq 1010530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "表示专注于某事，不同于与否定呼应的「一向に」。", "review_hash": "7b901a928ba67cd31a763e1bcaa9711323bdf3ab4ae790648b54f824b25b3725" } }, { "id": "8e175c1a31", "word": "左利き", "reading": "ひだりきき", "romaji": "hidarikiki", "meanings": [ "left-handedness", "sake drinker", "left-hander" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1601860, "examples": [ { "ja": "ティムはまるで左利きのような書き方をする。", "furigana": "ティムはまるで{左利|ひだりき}きのような{書|か}き{方|かた}をする。", "en": "Tim writes as if he were left-handed.", "tatoeba_id": 202449 }, { "ja": "僕は左利きです。", "furigana": "{僕|ぼく}は{左利|ひだりき}きです。", "en": "I'm left-handed.", "tatoeba_id": 81890 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8a5ec75b84d8d8be8159e0fa4cca8bd0d5401f885ef4a6311e8852be5a98fb38", "meanings": [ "左撇子" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ティムはまるで左利きのような書き方をする。", "zh": "蒂姆写字的方式就像左撇子。" }, { "ja": "僕は左利きです。", "zh": "我是左撇子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8e175c1a31", "JMdict ent_seq 1601860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ba5458d418761ed7ec0416f9184639538cb0604ea0536c48c4414b65c9c10c59" } }, { "id": "b274381220", "word": "引っ掻く", "reading": "ひっかく", "romaji": "hikkaku", "meanings": [ "to scratch" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1169430, "examples": [ { "ja": "虫に刺された跡を引っかかないようにした方がいいよ。", "en": "You should try not to scratch insect bites.", "tatoeba_id": 126318 }, { "ja": "猫が窓を引っかいているのが聞こえる。", "en": "I can hear a cat scratching at the window.", "tatoeba_id": 121992 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "94af5f9e8d1aee563fb7544eaedc6a0a9edc7fd17b141444d128e358639adaee", "meanings": [ "抓", "挠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "虫に刺された跡を引っかかないようにした方がいいよ。", "zh": "最好不要抓虫咬的地方。" }, { "ja": "猫が窓を引っかいているのが聞こえる。", "zh": "我听到猫在抓窗户。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b274381220", "JMdict ent_seq 1169430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e67e297cf73bd3fa645b8e255e20d040f21f484fc2e2c79c65b24b37d6229c8d" } }, { "id": "b820289c1d", "word": "引っ掛ける", "reading": "ひっかける", "romaji": "hikkakeru", "meanings": [ "to hang (something) on (something)", "to throw on (clothes)", "to hook", "to catch", "to trap", "to ensnare" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1169360, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は上着を引っかけると外へ出た。", "en": "She threw on a coat and went outside.", "tatoeba_id": 88647 }, { "ja": "彼は私たちに水をひっかけた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{私|わたし}たちに{水|みず}をひっかけた。", "en": "He dashed us with water.", "tatoeba_id": 106322 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "78d4d7d86e9b20da2e27d1570ebde09432adac0b8789c87a16cb0ece378cf89a", "meanings": [ "挂上", "泼" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は上着を引っかけると外へ出た。", "zh": "她披上外套就出去了。" }, { "ja": "彼は私たちに水をひっかけた。", "zh": "他向我们泼了水。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b820289c1d", "JMdict ent_seq 1169360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2c6eeb9a78ea53abbdfe8ebcab5fe7f6b997471c17b9feed7fe6439a32aaa7f7" } }, { "id": "096c8b698e", "word": "未", "reading": "ひつじ", "romaji": "hitsuji", "meanings": [ "eighth sign of Chinese zodiac (The Ram, 1pm-3pm, south-southwest, June)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1527090, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は未年に生まれた。", "en": "She was born in the Year of the Sheep." }, { "ja": "未は十二支の八番目だ。", "en": "The Sheep is the eighth sign of the zodiac." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a1dd996237f51a25e8cd67e829afc55c35c8ac2fabc588bf6e05a4a35d77436e", "meanings": [ "未", "羊" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は未年に生まれた。", "zh": "她出生于未年。" }, { "ja": "未は十二支の八番目だ。", "zh": "未是十二生肖的第八位。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/096c8b698e", "JMdict ent_seq 1527090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cf4919c60fda2c226c10787f09f50b2a2e9ec2477ba47078b33567c52a3bbea8" } }, { "id": "d4cad7dfef", "word": "必修", "reading": "ひっしゅう", "romaji": "hisshuu", "meanings": [ "required (subject)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1487510, "examples": [ { "ja": "体育の授業は全員が必修です。", "furigana": "{体育|たいいく}の{授業|じゅぎょう}は{全員|ぜんいん}が{必修|ひっしゅう}です。", "en": "The physical fitness courses are required for everyone.", "tatoeba_id": 137997 }, { "ja": "料理コースは学校で必修である。", "furigana": "{料理|りょうり}コースは{学校|がっこう}で{必修|ひっしゅう}である。", "en": "A cooking course should be mandatory in schools.", "tatoeba_id": 77946 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bda2621e2e22b02834dcfa2230fcb2de5480c2e1bcf1ac68c845cd06aa277dca", "meanings": [ "必修" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "体育の授業は全員が必修です。", "zh": "体育课所有人都必须修。" }, { "ja": "料理コースは学校で必修である。", "zh": "烹饪课是学校的必修课。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d4cad7dfef", "JMdict ent_seq 1487510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6c819c96ec3fb760919e5b62e8a110480a66f80873b6031e4ab278f51940650e" } }, { "id": "fc6b31a5c2", "word": "びっしょり", "reading": "びっしょり", "romaji": "bisshori", "meanings": [ "wet through", "drenched" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1010760, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女の顔は汗でびっしょりだった。", "en": "Her face was drenched with sweat.", "tatoeba_id": 94562 }, { "ja": "暑かったので、彼女は汗びっしょりになりました。", "furigana": "{暑|あつ}かったので、{彼女|かのじょ}は{汗|あせ}びっしょりになりました。", "en": "It being hot, she was wet with sweat.", "tatoeba_id": 147462 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "707938d41198352b100e44ed07509ff21f118144863499912f50a61096f2ef74", "meanings": [ "湿透" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女の顔は汗でびっしょりだった。", "zh": "她脸上满是汗水。" }, { "ja": "暑かったので、彼女は汗びっしょりになりました。", "zh": "因为很热，她浑身是汗。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fc6b31a5c2", "JMdict ent_seq 1010760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3bd3849cde418092e90ca61b0d690527d871f72f61b640045e5e51408b9b6f67" } }, { "id": "bc0cae48eb", "word": "必然", "reading": "ひつぜん", "romaji": "hitsuzen", "meanings": [ "inevitable", "necessary" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1487570, "examples": [ { "ja": "偶然も３度重なれば必然になる。", "en": "In addition, coincidences inevitably come in threes.", "tatoeba_id": 10015241 }, { "ja": "彼らの出会いは必然だった。", "en": "Their meeting was inevitable.", "tatoeba_id": 2808413 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f3af2b8eb86a66a5483adaa767328047efd7a8167e49b53199537ca2dfa98d3e", "meanings": [ "必然" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "偶然も３度重なれば必然になる。", "zh": "偶然发生三次就成了必然。" }, { "ja": "彼らの出会いは必然だった。", "zh": "他们的相遇是必然的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bc0cae48eb", "JMdict ent_seq 1487570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c0e00ab9873f267027102165f43cc806e6425f409bcc8cbf32df943fa39e95a4" } }, { "id": "982542665c", "word": "匹敵", "reading": "ひってき", "romaji": "hitteki", "meanings": [ "comparing with", "match", "rival", "equal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1487250, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたは知力で彼に匹敵している。", "furigana": "あなたは{知力|ちりょく}で{彼|かれ}に{匹敵|ひってき}している。", "en": "You are equal to him in intelligence.", "tatoeba_id": 231733 }, { "ja": "この金属は強度では鉄に匹敵する。", "furigana": "この{金属|きんぞく}は{強度|きょうど}では{鉄|てつ}に{匹敵|ひってき}する。", "en": "This metal is comparable to iron in strength.", "tatoeba_id": 222285 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "74b57b049baa36980a458ce8c60320df7dbda20d86aec48b26ecb127f94aef17", "meanings": [ "匹敌" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたは知力で彼に匹敵している。", "zh": "你在智力上与他不相上下。" }, { "ja": "この金属は強度では鉄に匹敵する。", "zh": "这种金属的强度可与铁匹敌。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/982542665c", "JMdict ent_seq 1487250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c1faa7f6408b5c44788bb21e8d1d6aa7f714a5db9f7c36de965120bf0ef9367c" } }, { "id": "f3c62d6d70", "word": "一息", "reading": "ひといき", "romaji": "hitoiki", "meanings": [ "puffy", "a breath", "a pause", "an effort" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1164390, "examples": [ { "ja": "もう一息努力すれば成功するだろう。", "furigana": "もう{一息|ひといき}{努力|どりょく}すれば{成功|せいこう}するだろう。", "en": "Make one more effort, and you will succeed.", "tatoeba_id": 194343 }, { "ja": "彼女は新鮮な空気を一息吸いに表へ出た。", "en": "She went outside to get a breath of fresh air.", "tatoeba_id": 88548 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4a3120adf3b75bcae5f1b7b56b75c65e08f8ddd91c965096e0b06a9f4185fa22", "meanings": [ "一口气", "休息" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "もう一息努力すれば成功するだろう。", "zh": "再努力一下就能成功吧。" }, { "ja": "彼女は新鮮な空気を一息吸いに表へ出た。", "zh": "她出去呼吸了一口新鲜空气。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f3c62d6d70", "JMdict ent_seq 1164390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "01503450e2c4b3547dc2228d4c768278966b14a679e3bde75e7c4865e090dcf1" } }, { "id": "77a848f1a4", "word": "単", "reading": "ひとえ", "romaji": "hitoe", "meanings": [ "one layer", "single" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1601920, "examples": [ { "ja": "この服は単の生地でできている。", "en": "This garment is made from a single layer of fabric." }, { "ja": "彼女は単の着物を着ていた。", "en": "She wore an unlined kimono." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e3bfe982dd53cb8e2d4a98424cbf5b57f38d492ef0e741f9de7ef6b5237d49c6", "meanings": [ "单层", "单衣" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この服は単の生地でできている。", "zh": "这件衣服是单层的。" }, { "ja": "彼女は単の着物を着ていた。", "zh": "她穿着无衬里的和服。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/77a848f1a4", "JMdict ent_seq 1601920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "可指无衬里的和服，也可表示单层。", "review_hash": "81fbbd15da14559ba0be1854d81c4c3e3caa9da103ca8ee3c6b836a47043de31" } }, { "id": "0de8e592e2", "word": "人柄", "reading": "ひとがら", "romaji": "hitogara", "meanings": [ "personality", "character", "personal appearance", "gentility" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1369200, "examples": [ { "ja": "その人の人柄は友を見ればわかる。", "furigana": "その{人|ひと}の{人柄|ひとがら}は{友|とも}を{見|み}ればわかる。", "en": "A man may be known by the company he keeps.", "tatoeba_id": 208768 }, { "ja": "人柄のほうが財産よりも重要である。", "furigana": "{人柄|ひとがら}のほうが{財産|ざいさん}よりも{重要|じゅうよう}である。", "en": "What you are is more important than what you have.", "tatoeba_id": 143934 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "aa5884f183c4c24fc794aa28e44ee95c6fd3c7a29a5571bb85fcb0d70c9a592d", "meanings": [ "人品", "性格" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その人の人柄は友を見ればわかる。", "zh": "看一个人的朋友就能知道他的人品。" }, { "ja": "人柄のほうが財産よりも重要である。", "zh": "人品比财产更重要。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0de8e592e2", "JMdict ent_seq 1369200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "457b67bc4868c70883ba3dda6f3bdc3822118442cd9d1aa52b1bd601701c4df3" } }, { "id": "29d531837a", "word": "一頃", "reading": "ひところ", "romaji": "hitokoro", "meanings": [ "once", "some time ago" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1162570, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はひところの元気がない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はひところの{元気|げんき}がない。", "en": "He isn't as energetic as he once was.", "tatoeba_id": 111133 }, { "ja": "彼女はひところほど元気がなくなった。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はひところほど{元気|げんき}がなくなった。", "en": "She isn't as energetic as she once was.", "tatoeba_id": 91643 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3b929e1f1895438c8ed6ef513c0dba7d08f6e2985f8c291bb2a7ff93d35b9e1b", "meanings": [ "曾经", "一时" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はひところの元気がない。", "zh": "他没有过去那么有精神了。" }, { "ja": "彼女はひところほど元気がなくなった。", "zh": "她不如以前有精神了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/29d531837a", "JMdict ent_seq 1162570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2d57b5669912e809a7e4c58c189c45931e79505bb0ec4a91aafc2c384af97a60" } }, { "id": "208f1838bd", "word": "人質", "reading": "ひとじち", "romaji": "hitojichi", "meanings": [ "hostage", "prisoner" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1367960, "examples": [ { "ja": "人質は解放されるだろう。", "furigana": "{人質|ひとじち}は{解放|かいほう}されるだろう。", "en": "The hostages will be released.", "tatoeba_id": 144195 }, { "ja": "妻子は運命に与えられた人質である。", "furigana": "{妻子|さいし}は{運命|うんめい}に{与|あた}えられた{人質|ひとじち}である。", "en": "Wife and children are hostages given to fortune.", "tatoeba_id": 170320 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0ce2c313a3ea68ce7fb22bbc2662aff8b1f04e5676df0315ce7099c32c31e5a3", "meanings": [ "人质" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人質は解放されるだろう。", "zh": "人质将被释放。" }, { "ja": "妻子は運命に与えられた人質である。", "zh": "妻儿是交给命运的人质。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/208f1838bd", "JMdict ent_seq 1367960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e3c707789aba1a533e92a18d9de3c6e45cc8d608a1d87aaad6b60a2e78f86fac" } }, { "id": "6fed3799fa", "word": "一筋", "reading": "ひとすじ", "romaji": "hitosuji", "meanings": [ "a line", "earnestly", "blindly", "straightforwardly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1575970, "examples": [ { "ja": "スプリンクラーが芝生の一条の水を噴出している。", "furigana": "スプリンクラーが{芝生|しばふ}の{一条|いちじょう}の{水|みず}を{噴出|ふんしゅつ}している。", "en": "The sprinkler is shooting out a stream of water onto the grass.", "tatoeba_id": 214524 }, { "ja": "雲間から一条の光が漏れてきた。", "furigana": "{雲間|くもま}から{一条|いちじょう}の{光|ひかり}が{漏|も}れてきた。", "en": "A beam of sunlight came through the clouds.", "tatoeba_id": 189359 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d18d73b72e61034041506e76d8fcf78734781e56e4a87d74f715e9717d472161", "meanings": [ "一条", "一心一意" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "スプリンクラーが芝生の一条の水を噴出している。", "zh": "洒水器喷出一条水流到草坪上。" }, { "ja": "雲間から一条の光が漏れてきた。", "zh": "一缕光从云缝中透出来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6fed3799fa", "JMdict ent_seq 1575970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b24e3c5e90a001343bd5ed620af6631fb9d437fe80a965ed96db488744a1dd04" } }, { "id": "d3286be832", "word": "人目", "reading": "ひとめ", "romaji": "hitome", "meanings": [ "glimpse", "public gaze" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1580760, "other_readings": [ "じんもく" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その家は高い塀で人目から遮られている。", "furigana": "その{家|いえ}は{高|たか}い{塀|へい}で{人目|ひとめ}から{遮|さえぎ}られている。", "en": "The house is screened from view with a high fence.", "tatoeba_id": 212088 }, { "ja": "意外に人目を気にするタイプだ。", "en": "Surprisingly, he is the type that worries about being in the public eye.", "tatoeba_id": 191069 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e0dcd8680abdd0878f09f62beba86200a1dfe7b9f668f53d5d4a358da8f20dfe", "meanings": [ "公众目光" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その家は高い塀で人目から遮られている。", "zh": "那座房子有高墙遮挡外界目光。" }, { "ja": "意外に人目を気にするタイプだ。", "zh": "没想到他是很在意别人目光的类型。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d3286be832", "JMdict ent_seq 1580760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5fba67601c27d503fa6121c320ddaaeda1472df38c370758f205cdef266b9c44" } }, { "id": "b9ec7cb6d7", "word": "日取り", "reading": "ひどり", "romaji": "hidori", "meanings": [ "fixed date", "appointed day" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1464140, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは結婚式の日取りを繰り上げた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{結婚式|けっこんしき}の{日取|ひど}りを{繰|く}り{上|あ}げた。", "en": "They advanced the wedding date.", "tatoeba_id": 97256 }, { "ja": "彼らに結婚式の日取りを聞きたい。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らに{結婚式|けっこんしき}の{日取|ひど}りを{聞|き}きたい。", "en": "I want to ask them when their big day is.", "tatoeba_id": 98612 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0f0b0bf16e85ca1834771ea9d6d3a93185c3b406f227efa62e82ddf0045b2178", "meanings": [ "日期" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは結婚式の日取りを繰り上げた。", "zh": "他们把婚礼日期提前了。" }, { "ja": "彼らに結婚式の日取りを聞きたい。", "zh": "我想问他们婚礼的日期。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b9ec7cb6d7", "JMdict ent_seq 1464140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5d5fdb5ad8be4259594b1e1b72efe079c5e5ddc01d8584c7a131b9e0891a74eb" } }, { "id": "d4a59bb971", "word": "雛", "reading": "ひな", "romaji": "hina", "meanings": [ "young bird", "chick", "doll" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2847628, "examples": [ { "ja": "ムクドリのヒナを親鳥に返せますか。", "furigana": "ムクドリのヒナを{親鳥|おやどり}に{返|かえ}せますか。", "en": "Can you return starling chicks to their parents?", "tatoeba_id": 74188 }, { "ja": "めんどりはひなを抱え込んでいる。", "furigana": "めんどりはひなを{抱|かか}え{込|こ}んでいる。", "en": "The hen keeps her brood under her.", "tatoeba_id": 194577 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "99b407898d122dc23fc3065c089b48d5f19719906ce3f698b45bb592374be312", "meanings": [ "雏鸟", "人偶" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ムクドリのヒナを親鳥に返せますか。", "zh": "可以把椋鸟雏鸟送还给亲鸟吗？" }, { "ja": "めんどりはひなを抱え込んでいる。", "zh": "母鸡护着小鸡。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d4a59bb971", "JMdict ent_seq 2847628; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ba82f76ce506d7e7fc1a88ce3ab4d337d9de5d503142f2e3f945be087587425e" } }, { "id": "f028179494", "word": "日向", "reading": "ひなた", "romaji": "hinata", "meanings": [ "sunny place", "in the sun" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1464050, "examples": [ { "ja": "日向にあまり長くいてはいけません。", "furigana": "{日向|ひなた}にあまり{長|なが}くいてはいけません。", "en": "Don't stay in the sun too long.", "tatoeba_id": 122875 }, { "ja": "日向に座っているのに、まだ寒気がした。", "furigana": "{日向|ひなた}に{座|すわ}っているのに、まだ{寒気|さむけ}がした。", "en": "Though I was sitting in the sun, I still felt chilly.", "tatoeba_id": 122874 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "107a06b13af99c7b68f66bb83d4e61dfedede8ff42df46ff40b9fb1025770087", "meanings": [ "向阳处" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "日向にあまり長くいてはいけません。", "zh": "不要在太阳底下待太久。" }, { "ja": "日向に座っているのに、まだ寒気がした。", "zh": "虽然坐在阳光下，还是觉得冷。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f028179494", "JMdict ent_seq 1464050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "48c9ce83fc996c8dfc06e260cb52b9eb0159249b7c57e1bc56aed044d53675b9" } }, { "id": "58e8f6d00f", "word": "避難", "reading": "ひなん", "romaji": "hinan", "meanings": [ "taking refuge", "finding shelter" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1484660, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は雨を避ける避難場所を捜した。", "en": "He sought shelter from the rain.", "tatoeba_id": 109816 }, { "ja": "希望は人間の最後の避難場所である。", "furigana": "{希望|きぼう}は{人間|にんげん}の{最後|さいご}の{避難|ひなん}{場所|ばしょ}である。", "en": "Hope is the last thing that man has to flee unto.", "tatoeba_id": 183485 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "14751bc1112d2e179712fc527e2933f83fb4d2f6fa9c33c31b26e7945570b4c0", "meanings": [ "避难" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は雨を避ける避難場所を捜した。", "zh": "他寻找避雨的地方。" }, { "ja": "希望は人間の最後の避難場所である。", "zh": "希望是人类最后的避难所。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/58e8f6d00f", "JMdict ent_seq 1484660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "83d45c301d10f20dacba15ae58c5a57c11dd014eb8629397fe5d4490b8811044" } }, { "id": "bcf51a7086", "word": "非難", "reading": "ひなん", "romaji": "hinan", "meanings": [ "blame", "attack", "criticism" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1483410, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその男性が盗みを働いたことを非難した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{男性|だんせい}が{盗|ぬす}みを{働|はたら}いたことを{非難|ひなん}した。", "en": "He blamed the man for stealing.", "tatoeba_id": 112544 }, { "ja": "彼女は私をうそつきだと非難した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{私|わたし}をうそつきだと{非難|ひなん}した。", "en": "She accused me of being a liar.", "tatoeba_id": 89292 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "90b67b0e12c0a09c3d8d3fbd2ba41ab3cb8a9e362056c06ddf343f53364bd28d", "meanings": [ "责难" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその男性が盗みを働いたことを非難した。", "zh": "他指责那个男人偷窃。" }, { "ja": "彼女は私をうそつきだと非難した。", "zh": "她指责我是骗子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bcf51a7086", "JMdict ent_seq 1483410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "66bf46aa99aaea583efa177ce9b990310a93656382694018885e91c226f45765" } }, { "id": "69ce5c06bb", "word": "日の丸", "reading": "ひのまる", "romaji": "hinomaru", "meanings": [ "the Japanese flag" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1463780, "examples": [ { "ja": "その日、日の丸の旗がはためいていた。", "furigana": "その{日|ひ}、{日|ひ}の{丸|まる}の{旗|はた}がはためいていた。", "en": "On that day, Japanese flags were flying.", "tatoeba_id": 207360 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b537c0aa3ca683daa7a0e55cb075b2e6d7237167f085aefef2c8eced7c0f0e5c", "meanings": [ "日本国旗" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その日、日の丸の旗がはためいていた。", "zh": "那一天，日本国旗在飘扬。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/69ce5c06bb", "JMdict ent_seq 1463780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fe7213c14596048a441c17fedff74a5642f84c1e0f48d343a9d466c324617a7f" } }, { "id": "9bdf0cd381", "word": "火花", "reading": "ひばな", "romaji": "hibana", "meanings": [ "spark" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1193760, "examples": [ { "ja": "小さな火花はしばしば大きな炎を起こす。", "furigana": "{小|ちい}さな{火花|ひばな}はしばしば{大|おお}きな{炎|ほのお}を{起|お}こす。", "en": "A small spark often kindles a large flame.", "tatoeba_id": 389691 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "97b36b265a9e2f80a823d09beb132bb6884afdb283f53bcdefb5a9e10259eb49", "meanings": [ "火花" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "小さな火花はしばしば大きな炎を起こす。", "zh": "小火花常常引起大火。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9bdf0cd381", "JMdict ent_seq 1193760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d1c892e90d3f83d0a323eb63cf01aa88063be9b050662995976dfbdfba04e102" } }, { "id": "5e7b4e3b6c", "word": "日々", "reading": "ひび", "romaji": "hibi", "meanings": [ "every day", "daily", "day after day" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1602120, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちが一緒に暮らした楽しい日々を覚えている。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちが{一緒|いっしょ}に{暮|く}らした{楽|たの}しい{日々|ひび}を{覚|おぼ}えている。", "en": "I remember the happy days we spent together.", "tatoeba_id": 167286 }, { "ja": "野菜の値段は日々変わる。", "en": "The price of vegetables varies from day to day.", "tatoeba_id": 79598 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "73696f1c7dd52330b21cc2faba71985669e6bb54651ff67b3bf6048a59eba829", "meanings": [ "每天", "日子" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちが一緒に暮らした楽しい日々を覚えている。", "zh": "我记得我们一起生活的快乐日子。" }, { "ja": "野菜の値段は日々変わる。", "zh": "蔬菜价格每天都在变。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5e7b4e3b6c", "JMdict ent_seq 1602120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f995afaf0fdecc0f0668c0c7197c83f40bbfe801e1777ee3c11a865974ebbca7" } }, { "id": "dd1da8888a", "word": "悲鳴", "reading": "ひめい", "romaji": "himei", "meanings": [ "shriek", "scream" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1483350, "examples": [ { "ja": "蛇をみたとき、彼女は悲鳴をあげた。", "furigana": "{蛇|へび}をみたとき、{彼女|かのじょ}は{悲鳴|ひめい}をあげた。", "en": "She screamed when she saw a snake.", "tatoeba_id": 148906 }, { "ja": "彼女は助けを求めて悲鳴をあげた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{助|たす}けを{求|もと}めて{悲鳴|ひめい}をあげた。", "en": "She screamed for help.", "tatoeba_id": 88729 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "28880342fe7df9d3d4255acab6b1b0b0b7cee2081492795825793ff511854056", "meanings": [ "尖叫" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "蛇をみたとき、彼女は悲鳴をあげた。", "zh": "看到蛇时，她尖叫起来。" }, { "ja": "彼女は助けを求めて悲鳴をあげた。", "zh": "她尖叫着求救。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dd1da8888a", "JMdict ent_seq 1483350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d2a21a3732a4ad1854de0bcaa22571058960ae4741e4d4963e992b9c76faa1ad" } }, { "id": "6166957ca4", "word": "冷やかす", "reading": "ひやかす", "romaji": "hiyakasu", "meanings": [ "to banter", "to make fun of", "to jeer at", "to cool", "to refrigerate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1556760, "examples": [ { "ja": "人前で彼を冷やかすなんて君は意地悪だ。", "furigana": "{人前|ひとまえ}で{彼|かれ}を{冷|ひ}やかすなんて{君|きみ}は{意地悪|いじわる}だ。", "en": "It is mean of you to ridicule him in public.", "tatoeba_id": 143944 }, { "ja": "彼らはジャックの髪の刈り方をひやかした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはジャックの{髪|かみ}の{刈|か}り{方|かた}をひやかした。", "en": "They made fun of Jack's haircut.", "tatoeba_id": 98045 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b96ebda19f70cc93a2c8582e7b8adb5be3bf11ccd0520335a857d4306849002c", "meanings": [ "取笑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人前で彼を冷やかすなんて君は意地悪だ。", "zh": "你当众取笑他，真坏。" }, { "ja": "彼らはジャックの髪の刈り方をひやかした。", "zh": "他们取笑杰克的发型。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6166957ca4", "JMdict ent_seq 1556760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4148330393885b9ddb39454b3b5f49f57ba59620a79f87be3b27c5d2c99e4a00" } }, { "id": "35ce366d44", "word": "日焼け", "reading": "ひやけ", "romaji": "hiyake", "meanings": [ "sunburn" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1602220, "examples": [ { "ja": "私の肌は日焼けしやすい。", "en": "My skin burns easily.", "tatoeba_id": 162940 }, { "ja": "日焼けは皮膚をヒリヒリさせる。", "furigana": "{日焼|ひや}けは{皮膚|ひふ}をヒリヒリさせる。", "en": "Sunburn irritates the skin.", "tatoeba_id": 122865 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "352e7185364357e72917c8886e6430242451e75fbe331378dcb5b94c002a2950", "meanings": [ "晒黑", "晒伤" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私の肌は日焼けしやすい。", "zh": "我的皮肤容易晒黑。" }, { "ja": "日焼けは皮膚をヒリヒリさせる。", "zh": "晒伤使皮肤刺痛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/35ce366d44", "JMdict ent_seq 1602220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d505b7349c617f86c551ece4e8bd08754f68ada4a5af956b1e265c08a57d5aa6" } }, { "id": "de4f14f8da", "word": "票", "reading": "ひょう", "romaji": "hyou", "meanings": [ "label", "ballot", "ticket", "sign" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n-suf", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1489320, "examples": [ { "ja": "議案は１０票の小差で通過した。", "en": "The bill passed by a small majority of 10 votes.", "tatoeba_id": 182905 }, { "ja": "彼は双方の候補者から票を奪った。", "en": "He attracted votes away from both candidates.", "tatoeba_id": 102877 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cf82444dbc78b96d47c290212a34f9f7d17c36080d0d9c769ab01d51db37c463", "meanings": [ "票" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "議案は１０票の小差で通過した。", "zh": "议案以十票的微弱优势通过。" }, { "ja": "彼は双方の候補者から票を奪った。", "zh": "他从双方候选人那里抢走了票。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/de4f14f8da", "JMdict ent_seq 1489320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8d59dd2f90a7c5a0a58bc3bb62081bc6842180188029677841c632a86fdc65a8" } }, { "id": "4adf021ad8", "word": "標語", "reading": "ひょうご", "romaji": "hyougo", "meanings": [ "motto", "slogan", "catchword" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1488680, "examples": [ { "ja": "「注意周到」を僕は標語としている。", "en": "My motto is \"be careful and cautious.\"", "tatoeba_id": 13056033 }, { "ja": "標語は「未来へ！！夢に向かってさあ走ろう！！」である。", "en": "The slogan is \"To the future! Let's run toward our dreams!\"", "tatoeba_id": 13056035 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4d25b4aeaf855b20ff2b14d330404e210393a291366f2ad2a8ede2870e11dd40", "meanings": [ "标语" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "「注意周到」を僕は標語としている。", "zh": "我以“小心谨慎”为座右铭。" }, { "ja": "標語は「未来へ！！夢に向かってさあ走ろう！！」である。", "zh": "标语是“走向未来！朝梦想奔跑！”" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4adf021ad8", "JMdict ent_seq 1488680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2f7eb6e516f92c102e628271394d2401bd11404714cd18e93645330b4c23859b" } }, { "id": "c5c782c558", "word": "描写", "reading": "びょうしゃ", "romaji": "byousha", "meanings": [ "depiction", "description", "portrayal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1490140, "examples": [ { "ja": "その美しさを言葉では描写できない。", "furigana": "その{美|うつく}しさを{言葉|ことば}では{描写|びょうしゃ}できない。", "en": "Words cannot describe the beauty.", "tatoeba_id": 207085 }, { "ja": "その光景は描写できないほど美しかった。", "furigana": "その{光景|こうけい}は{描写|びょうしゃ}できないほど{美|うつく}しかった。", "en": "The beauty of the scene was beyond description.", "tatoeba_id": 210780 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "adc2a4ec8df492d3f6f548378da8978b775fc65c4e981108a5f4bfec57c61ac8", "meanings": [ "描写" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その美しさを言葉では描写できない。", "zh": "无法用语言描绘那份美丽。" }, { "ja": "その光景は描写できないほど美しかった。", "zh": "那个景象美得难以形容。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c5c782c558", "JMdict ent_seq 1490140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b796eb67c6474ef287241f51960af229e627f0be1b2eab5e38d931e46c4a7599" } }, { "id": "5d58c89d14", "word": "ひょっと", "reading": "ひょっと", "romaji": "hyotto", "meanings": [ "possibly", "accidentally" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1010640, "examples": [ { "ja": "ひょっとしたら勝つかもしれない。", "furigana": "ひょっとしたら{勝|か}つかもしれない。", "en": "I may win by some chance.", "tatoeba_id": 197441 }, { "ja": "ひょっとすると彼は来るだろう。", "furigana": "ひょっとすると{彼|かれ}は{来|く}るだろう。", "en": "Perhaps he will come.", "tatoeba_id": 197421 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9aba091a464757db57ec53c57fe7987bcfec08ef969f3dc4584ef27aee905049", "meanings": [ "或许" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ひょっとしたら勝つかもしれない。", "zh": "或许会赢。" }, { "ja": "ひょっとすると彼は来るだろう。", "zh": "他可能会来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5d58c89d14", "JMdict ent_seq 1010640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a5421667a0167836fa4a3ce46e9bbf2ef9d4bc7456e7fb1104a1c1d1840c7391" } }, { "id": "5e960abe59", "word": "平たい", "reading": "ひらたい", "romaji": "hiratai", "meanings": [ "flat", "even", "level", "simple", "plain" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1506900, "examples": [ { "ja": "古代人たちは地球は平たいと信じていた。", "furigana": "{古代人|こだいじん}たちは{地球|ちきゅう}は{平|ひら}たいと{信|しん}じていた。", "en": "The ancients believed the earth was flat.", "tatoeba_id": 174590 }, { "ja": "彼女はハンバーグの肉をたたいて平たくした。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はハンバーグの{肉|にく}をたたいて{平|ひら}たくした。", "en": "She patted the hamburger meat into a flat shape.", "tatoeba_id": 91700 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "625a44876407888484fd6d2c46bfe66aee2795e5655a55feaef72ba7bace4bb0", "meanings": [ "平坦", "简单" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "古代人たちは地球は平たいと信じていた。", "zh": "古人相信地球是平的。" }, { "ja": "彼女はハンバーグの肉をたたいて平たくした。", "zh": "她把汉堡肉拍扁。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5e960abe59", "JMdict ent_seq 1506900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "16a2cd7f4275ad99c06c34909412cdf6171cf6c5bd222081a6623d948a4f6b86" } }, { "id": "3b112744fa", "word": "びり", "reading": "びり", "romaji": "biri", "meanings": [ "last on the list", "at the bottom" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1010790, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はクラスでびりだった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はクラスでびりだった。", "en": "He was at the bottom of the class.", "tatoeba_id": 113932 }, { "ja": "彼女はいつもクラスのびりである。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はいつもクラスのびりである。", "en": "She is always at the bottom of the class.", "tatoeba_id": 93321 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d49abf9ae8efe0316f159ed5da2a977cb860111fbcf0fbedc3c964d6aa8c99c9", "meanings": [ "末尾", "最后一名" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はクラスでびりだった。", "zh": "他在班里垫底。" }, { "ja": "彼女はいつもクラスのびりである。", "zh": "她在班里总是最后一名。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3b112744fa", "JMdict ent_seq 1010790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e2802ee176cdb68668016ed2eb465410c872495d9b35bc2dfaaa24d393b80bbd" } }, { "id": "79e5cee9cb", "word": "比率", "reading": "ひりつ", "romaji": "hiritsu", "meanings": [ "ratio", "proportion", "percentage" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1483680, "examples": [ { "ja": "親に対する子どもの比率が大きくなればなるほど子どもを育てるのは難しくなる。", "en": "The higher the ratio of children to parents, the harder it is to bring up the children.", "tatoeba_id": 78040 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "94e8eaafcbbaf79be05de6c6835f5f86302b9f24ff5bff617ef37ee4b59cacbd", "meanings": [ "比率" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "親に対する子どもの比率が大きくなればなるほど子どもを育てるのは難しくなる。", "zh": "孩子相对父母的比例越大，抚养孩子就越困难。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/79e5cee9cb", "JMdict ent_seq 1483680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "629d941b75011b2e632df467eb6ea273acc02a2758109fd376eb8421ddafafb3" } }, { "id": "7a621e52ae", "word": "肥料", "reading": "ひりょう", "romaji": "hiryou", "meanings": [ "manure", "fertilizer" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1484310, "examples": [ { "ja": "肥料のやりすぎで花が枯れてしまった。", "en": "The flowers died from over-fertilization.", "tatoeba_id": 10932450 }, { "ja": "知識というものは肥料と同じで、広まってこそ良いのである。", "en": "Knowledge is like manure, it's only good when spread.", "tatoeba_id": 934602 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "85a76f960070f99149831d5d81ea15682070ef01c56d35dba30da0246764b402", "meanings": [ "肥料" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "肥料のやりすぎで花が枯れてしまった。", "zh": "施肥过多使花枯死了。" }, { "ja": "知識というものは肥料と同じで、広まってこそ良いのである。", "zh": "知识就像肥料，传播开来才好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7a621e52ae", "JMdict ent_seq 1484310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b39465811b681ead4a9619c8f0ccd0c7ad1746663031da74011ed5761c527c4f" } }, { "id": "508ca723f8", "word": "微量", "reading": "びりょう", "romaji": "biryou", "meanings": [ "minuscule amount", "extremely small quantity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1486200, "examples": [ { "ja": "水には微量のミネラルが含まれる。", "en": "The water contains trace amounts of minerals." }, { "ja": "試料から微量の物質が検出された。", "en": "A trace amount of a substance was detected in the sample." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3370aa71fc6485680580039daaf02bbf8aa9310f9ad6ad65427139c8cbf100a1", "meanings": [ "微量" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "水には微量のミネラルが含まれる。", "zh": "水中含有微量矿物质。" }, { "ja": "試料から微量の物質が検出された。", "zh": "样品中检测到微量物质。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/508ca723f8", "JMdict ent_seq 1486200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f58c0619fe46cf455b362d9c3cb086ff4de18e04542171ab326ec1badf13facb" } }, { "id": "6d94f7f103", "word": "昼飯", "reading": "ひるめし", "romaji": "hirumeshi", "meanings": [ "lunch", "midday meal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1426410, "other_readings": [ "ちゅうはん" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "昼飯でもいっしょにどうですか。", "furigana": "{昼飯|ひるめし}でもいっしょにどうですか。", "en": "Why don't we have lunch together?", "tatoeba_id": 126366 }, { "ja": "早く始めれば昼飯までに終えられる。", "furigana": "{早|はや}く{始|はじ}めれば{昼飯|ひるめし}までに{終|お}えられる。", "en": "If we begin early, we can finish by lunch.", "tatoeba_id": 140548 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "44b1a71da36d52cc46682587cd04a2ef3c3cd5b3d7a506d30f06c0e6b992ef1b", "meanings": [ "午饭" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "昼飯でもいっしょにどうですか。", "zh": "一起吃个午饭怎么样？" }, { "ja": "早く始めれば昼飯までに終えられる。", "zh": "早点开始的话午饭前能完成。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6d94f7f103", "JMdict ent_seq 1426410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "aeaa994cee30d0c530c7ee7a37a7c0d3a16fae4c1bc215527b14500f73745c86" } }, { "id": "14d90b82f3", "word": "比例", "reading": "ひれい", "romaji": "hirei", "meanings": [ "proportion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1483700, "examples": [ { "ja": "給与が増えるに比例して、所得税率もあがっていく。", "furigana": "{給与|きゅうよ}が{増|ふ}えるに{比例|ひれい}して、{所得|しょとく}{税率|ぜいりつ}もあがっていく。", "en": "The income tax rate increases in proportion as your salary rises.", "tatoeba_id": 182361 }, { "ja": "人は忍耐に比例して成功するものだ。", "furigana": "{人|ひと}は{忍耐|にんたい}に{比例|ひれい}して{成功|せいこう}するものだ。", "en": "A man will succeed to the same extent as he perseveres.", "tatoeba_id": 144448 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "106b0ad80e0ff5acd3be41762e85afc80910275cae79d6e86424847ad878a47b", "meanings": [ "比例" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "給与が増えるに比例して、所得税率もあがっていく。", "zh": "工资增加，所得税率也随之上升。" }, { "ja": "人は忍耐に比例して成功するものだ。", "zh": "人的成功与忍耐成正比。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/14d90b82f3", "JMdict ent_seq 1483700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "45becaf8a8f2861f3522d35c854be5c133bb8ca6990fab00ac2c88a44a2c0d76" } }, { "id": "9168af0619", "word": "疲労", "reading": "ひろう", "romaji": "hirou", "meanings": [ "fatigue", "weariness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1483780, "examples": [ { "ja": "疲労が彼の健康をむしばんでいる。", "en": "Fatigue is undermining his health.", "tatoeba_id": 236846 }, { "ja": "夜眠れなくて彼は疲労して顔色が悪かった。", "furigana": "{夜|よる}{眠|ねむ}れなくて{彼|かれ}は{疲労|ひろう}して{顔色|かおいろ}が{悪|わる}かった。", "en": "He was pale with fatigue after his sleepless night.", "tatoeba_id": 79669 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "02cfc5fd2781e66f2a51adf6e5243bc4ba7675b7b5cfc96d9d4149b632b142cc", "meanings": [ "疲劳" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "疲労が彼の健康をむしばんでいる。", "zh": "疲劳正侵蚀他的健康。" }, { "ja": "夜眠れなくて彼は疲労して顔色が悪かった。", "zh": "他夜里睡不着，疲劳得脸色不好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9168af0619", "JMdict ent_seq 1483780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d5a364785ef9d02b44ef2b86a5df4504d8c7512f7e2c8ac1a3e43b71cea0b54b" } }, { "id": "462a180308", "word": "広まる", "reading": "ひろまる", "romaji": "hiromaru", "meanings": [ "to spread", "to be propagated" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1278450, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのうわさはすぐ広まった。", "furigana": "そのうわさはすぐ{広|ひろ}まった。", "en": "The rumors spread soon abroad.", "tatoeba_id": 213357 }, { "ja": "そのニュースは日本中に広まった。", "furigana": "そのニュースは{日本中|にほんじゅう}に{広|ひろ}まった。", "en": "The news spread all over Japan.", "tatoeba_id": 212815 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "64b05b1637e420d759409c16388cd3425abeacbacfbeea6d4d114e49414c121b", "meanings": [ "传播" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのうわさはすぐ広まった。", "zh": "那个传闻很快传开了。" }, { "ja": "そのニュースは日本中に広まった。", "zh": "消息传遍了日本。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/462a180308", "JMdict ent_seq 1278450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "207af299c8d8da32d41c0f67aeeae0bd103994a6c772c1543efeff73d2815ca5" } }, { "id": "3e0f9f6085", "word": "敏感", "reading": "びんかん", "romaji": "binkan", "meanings": [ "sensibility", "susceptibility", "sensitive (to)", "well attuned to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1491070, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は寒さに敏感だ。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{寒|さむ}さに{敏感|びんかん}だ。", "en": "I am very sensitive to the cold.", "tatoeba_id": 157816 }, { "ja": "彼は批評に対してたいへん敏感だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{批評|ひひょう}に{対|たい}してたいへん{敏感|びんかん}だ。", "en": "He is very sensitive to criticism.", "tatoeba_id": 100766 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ee5c90504c8a856958a7122b9b7c1cae4ca735d277d39311a96a1d2dea39f9f0", "meanings": [ "敏感" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は寒さに敏感だ。", "zh": "我对寒冷敏感。" }, { "ja": "彼は批評に対してたいへん敏感だ。", "zh": "他对批评非常敏感。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3e0f9f6085", "JMdict ent_seq 1491070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6c785cae6e00103d153de368a239b969ba3e20e6733fe9da6672a7ce5c1cb725" } }, { "id": "f1fafc0b38", "word": "貧困", "reading": "ひんこん", "romaji": "hinkon", "meanings": [ "poverty", "lack" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1490830, "examples": [ { "ja": "貧困は幸福への障害とはならない。", "furigana": "{貧困|ひんこん}は{幸福|こうふく}への{障害|しょうがい}とはならない。", "en": "Poverty is not a bar to happiness.", "tatoeba_id": 85168 }, { "ja": "貧困はしばしば犯罪の原因となる。", "furigana": "{貧困|ひんこん}はしばしば{犯罪|はんざい}の{原因|げんいん}となる。", "en": "Poverty often engenders crime.", "tatoeba_id": 85173 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "48f49a704df1a4e6eee74792b052a9cc24c74d6fe133a4f3214256ac20b30875", "meanings": [ "贫困", "缺乏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "貧困は幸福への障害とはならない。", "zh": "贫困不是幸福的障碍。" }, { "ja": "貧困はしばしば犯罪の原因となる。", "zh": "贫困常常导致犯罪。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f1fafc0b38", "JMdict ent_seq 1490830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "979d02551cd733132ac91f97b6dc0c10099865a64a6ad62b51714db015a8a614" } }, { "id": "95bddfce2a", "word": "品質", "reading": "ひんしつ", "romaji": "hinshitsu", "meanings": [ "quality" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1490580, "examples": [ { "ja": "もっと品質の良いものはありますか。", "furigana": "もっと{品質|ひんしつ}の{良|よ}いものはありますか。", "en": "Do you have better quality ones?", "tatoeba_id": 193207 }, { "ja": "それは品質がよく、しかも安い。", "furigana": "それは{品質|ひんしつ}がよく、しかも{安|やす}い。", "en": "It is both good and cheap.", "tatoeba_id": 204886 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "245e394e534a2d512d9d60230e1ef41172ab0a8c9a1487f9cc25abd17171da2c", "meanings": [ "质量" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "もっと品質の良いものはありますか。", "zh": "有质量更好的吗？" }, { "ja": "それは品質がよく、しかも安い。", "zh": "那东西质量好而且便宜。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/95bddfce2a", "JMdict ent_seq 1490580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1094ff8b268183f436e6d515096ae0781343df35cbc086a0dbb7f8587bcd3cc9" } }, { "id": "0fe98bc40d", "word": "貧弱", "reading": "ひんじゃく", "romaji": "hinjaku", "meanings": [ "poor", "meagre", "insubstantial" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1490850, "examples": [ { "ja": "私のドイツ語の知識は貧弱です。", "en": "My knowledge of German is poor.", "tatoeba_id": 164147 }, { "ja": "彼の英語の知識は貧弱である。", "en": "His knowledge of English is poor.", "tatoeba_id": 118108 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "444d72eddad42b956ac317cafe9c59e9071665da4bd2f0547ce84aab0e789120", "meanings": [ "贫乏", "薄弱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私のドイツ語の知識は貧弱です。", "zh": "我的德语知识很贫乏。" }, { "ja": "彼の英語の知識は貧弱である。", "zh": "他的英语知识很薄弱。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0fe98bc40d", "JMdict ent_seq 1490850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f4dd5aebd8d096a1502c7721e97e2b2f37a8cfad9a22353857933ab6875ee77f" } }, { "id": "eda690b2a4", "word": "品種", "reading": "ひんしゅ", "romaji": "hinshu", "meanings": [ "brand", "kind", "description" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1490620, "examples": [ { "ja": "除草剤耐性品種でなぜ収量が増えるのか？", "en": "Why do yields increase with herbicide-resistant varieties?", "tatoeba_id": 74412 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "63c3fe953d2d3e302b2301cb36e9aa700301673c8d989acdbf4ee92acd52e28a", "meanings": [ "品种" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "除草剤耐性品種でなぜ収量が増えるのか？", "zh": "为什么耐除草剂品种会增产？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/eda690b2a4", "JMdict ent_seq 1490620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7402e9e0b372708ab86e4e7ac5ee4ffe51760b526193c3998dd823adbba1eb68" } }, { "id": "4080fb1160", "word": "ヒント", "reading": "ヒント", "romaji": "hinto", "meanings": [ "hint" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1104300, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私にヒントをくれた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{私|わたし}にヒントをくれた。", "en": "He gave me a hint.", "tatoeba_id": 106148 }, { "ja": "私はあなたの動作からヒントを得ることにします。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はあなたの{動作|どうさ}からヒントを{得|え}ることにします。", "en": "I'll take my cue from you.", "tatoeba_id": 161649 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5cb39fb1f966b8441ba0a5f1b17798a67366851f06be20863c18f2742322bb93", "meanings": [ "提示", "线索" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私にヒントをくれた。", "zh": "他给了我一个提示。" }, { "ja": "私はあなたの動作からヒントを得ることにします。", "zh": "我决定从你的动作中寻找线索。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4080fb1160", "JMdict ent_seq 1104300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cbb3e8e7b57cae24970a9d12bb8a4e6d848ef327b71b5c722b6e3e135e00d6a2" } }, { "id": "d8165931bc", "word": "頻繁", "reading": "ひんぱん", "romaji": "hinpan", "meanings": [ "frequency" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1491050, "examples": [ { "ja": "電車はバスより頻繁に来ます。", "furigana": "{電車|でんしゃ}はバスより{頻繁|ひんぱん}に{来|き}ます。", "en": "Trains come more often than buses.", "tatoeba_id": 183135 }, { "ja": "頻繁にパーティーを開くのが大好きだ。", "furigana": "{頻繁|ひんぱん}にパーティーを{開|ひら}くのが{大好|だいす}きだ。", "en": "They love to give parties all the time.", "tatoeba_id": 85143 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "94ff70f12e84aa4136a2c9dba0f16a0547331c2460ed2b9c2fabf0273cb950f3", "meanings": [ "频繁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "電車はバスより頻繁に来ます。", "zh": "电车比公交车来得频繁。" }, { "ja": "頻繁にパーティーを開くのが大好きだ。", "zh": "我很喜欢经常举办派对。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d8165931bc", "JMdict ent_seq 1491050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b2c5bb70f535bafa7b691c932463919c134b84079c2d0dc3430201f26d22d804" } }, { "id": "4860a4efe0", "word": "貧乏", "reading": "びんぼう", "romaji": "binbou", "meanings": [ "poverty", "destitute", "poor" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1490900, "examples": [ { "ja": "その頃、私は非常に貧乏だった。", "furigana": "その{頃|ころ}、{私|わたし}は{非常|ひじょう}に{貧乏|びんぼう}だった。", "en": "I was very poor in those days.", "tatoeba_id": 210559 }, { "ja": "貧乏は、ある意味で、天の恵みだ。", "furigana": "{貧乏|びんぼう}は、ある{意味|いみ}で、{天|てん}の{恵|めぐ}みだ。", "en": "Poverty is, in a sense, a blessing.", "tatoeba_id": 85148 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "71e282414673859b29191ad84be11261dc36c5f6ffec88c30622eac2a9d7fd66", "meanings": [ "贫穷" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その頃、私は非常に貧乏だった。", "zh": "那时我非常穷。" }, { "ja": "貧乏は、ある意味で、天の恵みだ。", "zh": "从某种意义上说，贫穷是上天的恩赐。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4860a4efe0", "JMdict ent_seq 1490900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "291eb1cd4c7e0c1ee3fa572fc7e99b339e50945f45a613ef214c7fec0c94abe3" } }, { "id": "6898b85866", "word": "歩", "reading": "ふ", "romaji": "fu", "meanings": [ "pawn (in chess or shogi)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1514290, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は将棋の歩を動かした。", "en": "He moved a pawn in shogi." }, { "ja": "相手は歩を一枚打った。", "en": "The opponent dropped a pawn." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "787243b604bf4ecc98a0452cc8adc9ccbe46c95c594017462633613c65a286ac", "meanings": [ "步兵", "步" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は将棋の歩を動かした。", "zh": "他移动了将棋中的步兵。" }, { "ja": "相手は歩を一枚打った。", "zh": "对手打出了一枚步兵。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6898b85866", "JMdict ent_seq 1514290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f3d135cf395bb1f559a520b683f8aa895597ef0aa81e80fff04f7654856bcb7e" } }, { "id": "2ec5748d47", "word": "部", "reading": "ぶ", "romaji": "bu", "meanings": [ "department", "part", "category", "counter for copies of a newspaper or magazine" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1499290, "examples": [ { "ja": "新サービスの料金設定はマーケティング部が行う。", "en": "The marketing department is responsible for pricing new service.", "tatoeba_id": 145507 }, { "ja": "彼女はバスケット部に入っている。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はバスケット{部|ぶ}に{入|はい}っている。", "en": "She is a member of the basketball club.", "tatoeba_id": 91743 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5ce599ad25ab5ee654fb4356a2c98d2d1e42aac16c2f5d10d836c810ecf06785", "meanings": [ "部门", "社团", "份" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新サービスの料金設定はマーケティング部が行う。", "zh": "新服务的定价由市场部负责。" }, { "ja": "彼女はバスケット部に入っている。", "zh": "她参加了篮球社。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2ec5748d47", "JMdict ent_seq 1499290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f87154eb1e8ca1aadf954b62fabdda0943ff5c1d9c9aea62fc6b6ac432135bbb" } }, { "id": "a6b276960f", "word": "ファイト", "reading": "ファイト", "romaji": "faito", "meanings": [ "fight" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1107700, "examples": [ { "ja": "映画「ファイトクラブ」のエンディングには驚かされた。", "furigana": "{映画|えいが}「ファイトクラブ」のエンディングには{驚|おどろ}かされた。", "en": "The movie \"Fight Club\" has a surprise ending.", "tatoeba_id": 189342 }, { "ja": "ファイトだ。", "en": "Don't give up the fight.", "tatoeba_id": 197239 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0b95f0d2ed56a8f1da9a9632e6bd5e866238556dc66860f189d43a809957f72d", "meanings": [ "加油", "斗志" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "映画「ファイトクラブ」のエンディングには驚かされた。", "zh": "电影《搏击俱乐部》的结尾让我吃惊。" }, { "ja": "ファイトだ。", "zh": "加油。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a6b276960f", "JMdict ent_seq 1107700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "29ff6c3bfe7bde29367b3a1c648d546ba06bec37959cae0c4e07e75257cc05d8" } }, { "id": "5b8eefb9aa", "word": "ファイル", "reading": "ファイル", "romaji": "fairu", "meanings": [ "file" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1107800, "examples": [ { "ja": "このファイルは削除して下さい。", "furigana": "このファイルは{削除|さくじょ}して{下|くだ}さい。", "en": "Please delete this file.", "tatoeba_id": 223260 }, { "ja": "新聞をまとめておくファイルを持っている。", "furigana": "{新聞|しんぶん}をまとめておくファイルを{持|も}っている。", "en": "I have a newspaper clipping file.", "tatoeba_id": 145122 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "99e0a418c769b8eeaa32a392f0a90fc76176908dbac8b6710769cec792b3538b", "meanings": [ "文件", "文件夹" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このファイルは削除して下さい。", "zh": "请删除这个文件。" }, { "ja": "新聞をまとめておくファイルを持っている。", "zh": "我有一个整理报纸的文件夹。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5b8eefb9aa", "JMdict ent_seq 1107800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6390e2b7131daaaabb7d12a1bda266b9f1b0ba88ab263a12353ce541273636ea" } }, { "id": "ed2719ab9d", "word": "ファン", "reading": "ファン", "romaji": "fan", "meanings": [ "fan", "enthusiast", "electric fan" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1108540, "examples": [ { "ja": "イギリスのサッカーファンはときどきまったく手に負えなくなる。", "furigana": "イギリスのサッカーファンはときどきまったく{手|て}に{負|お}えなくなる。", "en": "British soccer fans sometimes get completely out of hand.", "tatoeba_id": 229246 }, { "ja": "ファンがその女優に握手を求めた。", "furigana": "ファンがその{女優|じょゆう}に{握手|あくしゅ}を{求|もと}めた。", "en": "The fans sought to shake the actress's hand.", "tatoeba_id": 197229 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cdf11ea08b0043c3ec4b3aeef04583343be30c5b8d19bdb9ca293a173eb1e185", "meanings": [ "粉丝", "风扇" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "イギリスのサッカーファンはときどきまったく手に負えなくなる。", "zh": "英国足球迷有时会完全失控。" }, { "ja": "ファンがその女優に握手を求めた。", "zh": "粉丝请求和那位女演员握手。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ed2719ab9d", "JMdict ent_seq 1108540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "99eadd3f7a3de18a4dbe6724dc6804e4f2d9543f1f200bf8c99579462407f46b" } }, { "id": "c88a44b1e4", "word": "不意", "reading": "ふい", "romaji": "fui", "meanings": [ "sudden", "abrupt", "unexpected", "unforeseen" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1491210, "examples": [ { "ja": "伝染病が不意にその町を襲った。", "en": "A contagious disease descended on the town.", "tatoeba_id": 124926 }, { "ja": "砦は不意に攻撃された。", "en": "The fort was attacked by surprise.", "tatoeba_id": 170293 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f4e2918eb87dcea62131da543960a71db7ec1d65da09f3f4c171d9fb0ca77673", "meanings": [ "突然" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "伝染病が不意にその町を襲った。", "zh": "传染病突然袭击了那个城镇。" }, { "ja": "砦は不意に攻撃された。", "zh": "堡垒突然遭到袭击。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c88a44b1e4", "JMdict ent_seq 1491210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8fd7fc52cc549dd9c050ef1381d9c4c43263c814e8cda5b2b1e54cb9ba373e4b" } }, { "id": "3fa2ddfa8c", "word": "フィルター", "reading": "フィルター", "romaji": "firutaa", "meanings": [ "(camera) filter" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1109330, "examples": [ { "ja": "フィルターを交換してください。", "en": "Please replace the filter." }, { "ja": "水はフィルターを通る。", "en": "The water passes through the filter." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "789ff584801992465a4ef50bb70ef6a2497c65f3365596bfdcc3024d4d04b3bb", "meanings": [ "过滤器" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "フィルターを交換してください。", "zh": "请更换过滤器。" }, { "ja": "水はフィルターを通る。", "zh": "水经过过滤器。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3fa2ddfa8c", "JMdict ent_seq 1109330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "12a72fa2b3755a421e46cf3b361a2d95455e7855ac5dfe3933518a7f546924c6" } }, { "id": "337eea6b53", "word": "封", "reading": "ふう", "romaji": "fuu", "meanings": [ "seal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1499580, "examples": [ { "ja": "いったん封を切るとそのテープは返品できません。", "furigana": "いったん{封|ふう}を{切|き}るとそのテープは{返品|へんぴん}できません。", "en": "Once you break the seal, you can't return the tape.", "tatoeba_id": 228868 }, { "ja": "彼はその手紙を読むどころか、封も切らなかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{手紙|てがみ}を{読|よ}むどころか、{封|ふう}も{切|き}らなかった。", "en": "Far from reading the letter, he did not even open it.", "tatoeba_id": 112687 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d763b73958606743728a27740bcf332d0b55278505f4ea3f08ec705b6b25f5f1", "meanings": [ "封口" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "いったん封を切るとそのテープは返品できません。", "zh": "一旦拆封，那盘磁带就不能退货。" }, { "ja": "彼はその手紙を読むどころか、封も切らなかった。", "zh": "他别说读那封信了，连封都没拆。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/337eea6b53", "JMdict ent_seq 1499580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5f4637617498abfc8cacc0d08f2423ad6a4fd868baa953a417db006be25dcc73" } }, { "id": "9b20402a09", "word": "封鎖", "reading": "ふうさ", "romaji": "fuusa", "meanings": [ "blockade", "freezing (funds)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1499650, "examples": [ { "ja": "この港は封鎖されうる。", "furigana": "この{港|みなと}は{封鎖|ふうさ}されうる。", "en": "The harbor can be blocked.", "tatoeba_id": 221978 }, { "ja": "警察はそのエリアを封鎖した。", "furigana": "{警察|けいさつ}はそのエリアを{封鎖|ふうさ}した。", "en": "The police have blocked off the area.", "tatoeba_id": 8625479 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "03190da6c1872c40ff610b5eb0c2f1f63ad655e0ec6528a04ea134ed441dc076", "meanings": [ "封锁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この港は封鎖されうる。", "zh": "这个港口可能被封锁。" }, { "ja": "警察はそのエリアを封鎖した。", "zh": "警方封锁了那个区域。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9b20402a09", "JMdict ent_seq 1499650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c056b3be7249ef100e0577c612d612e099c207fab688f928df557be4b10091f7" } }, { "id": "9dfd9234b7", "word": "風習", "reading": "ふうしゅう", "romaji": "fuushuu", "meanings": [ "custom" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1499890, "examples": [ { "ja": "その風習はすたれつつある。", "furigana": "その{風習|ふうしゅう}はすたれつつある。", "en": "That custom is on the decrease.", "tatoeba_id": 206926 }, { "ja": "彼女は賢明にもそこの、風習に従った。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{賢明|けんめい}にもそこの、{風習|ふうしゅう}に{従|したが}った。", "en": "She had the wisdom to follow the custom.", "tatoeba_id": 90221 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7a856e5d7eee3c8f06a2517741f921f602d792413f8e0352316d8a36ae5ca572", "meanings": [ "风俗习惯" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その風習はすたれつつある。", "zh": "那个风俗正在消失。" }, { "ja": "彼女は賢明にもそこの、風習に従った。", "zh": "她明智地遵循了当地习俗。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9dfd9234b7", "JMdict ent_seq 1499890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e52ee7d372df9be0a1c3182b561186ba98e503839285bc58f4f5d0aff5523e07" } }, { "id": "621681c86d", "word": "風俗", "reading": "ふうぞく", "romaji": "fuuzoku", "meanings": [ "manners", "customs", "sex service", "sex industry" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1499960, "examples": [ { "ja": "その地方ではその古い風俗がなお存続している。", "furigana": "その{地方|ちほう}ではその{古|ふる}い{風俗|ふうぞく}がなお{存続|そんぞく}している。", "en": "The old custom is still kept up in that district.", "tatoeba_id": 207865 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ff49db27ef85e672f1978b58fcf6c1e21c6b80e6644d9752722ab3ddac9e65f7", "meanings": [ "风俗", "风化行业" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その地方ではその古い風俗がなお存続している。", "zh": "那个地区仍然保留着那种古老风俗。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/621681c86d", "JMdict ent_seq 1499960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "71376b63c0ea22c60cd6b8624af12df952477ab738341c4bb63b22dc738860dd" } }, { "id": "10b8b07120", "word": "ブーツ", "reading": "ブーツ", "romaji": "buutsu", "meanings": [ "boots" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1113130, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はスキーのブーツを１足買いたい。", "en": "I want to buy a pair of ski boots.", "tatoeba_id": 160564 }, { "ja": "彼はブーツの泥をこすり落とした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はブーツの{泥|どろ}をこすり{落|お}とした。", "en": "He scraped the mud off his boots.", "tatoeba_id": 111106 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d2cfc4a51952b222aafcfa820406511daa5ad524517946b57b080148ea98cc12", "meanings": [ "靴子" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はスキーのブーツを１足買いたい。", "zh": "我想买一双滑雪靴。" }, { "ja": "彼はブーツの泥をこすり落とした。", "zh": "他擦掉了靴子上的泥。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/10b8b07120", "JMdict ent_seq 1113130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "750eddada2f88d89dedf90f3df8970c2214d058b35e5bac28c7edf521397d406" } }, { "id": "41d4fc2b08", "word": "風土", "reading": "ふうど", "romaji": "fuudo", "meanings": [ "natural features", "topography", "climate", "spiritual features" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1500020, "examples": [ { "ja": "スポロアウト先生が植物を新しい風土に馴染ませた。", "en": "Professor Sprout acclimated the plant to a new environment.", "tatoeba_id": 145984 }, { "ja": "日本人の精神はその独特の風土に根ざしている。", "en": "It is the particular environment that has shaped the Japanese mentality.", "tatoeba_id": 122285 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6bee5df02ae335d285ce06468846916c07d3ac8edddca2b422056b160dea68da", "meanings": [ "风土" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "スポロアウト先生が植物を新しい風土に馴染ませた。", "zh": "斯普劳特老师让植物适应新的风土。" }, { "ja": "日本人の精神はその独特の風土に根ざしている。", "zh": "日本人的精神根植于其独特风土。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/41d4fc2b08", "JMdict ent_seq 1500020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1cf9655dcd576afe64535adf5e86f6a7f1e3f3c28a434e4b6203931005abf79f" } }, { "id": "484b3552ce", "word": "ブーム", "reading": "ブーム", "romaji": "buumu", "meanings": [ "boom" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1113160, "examples": [ { "ja": "小型車のブームは終わろうとしている。", "furigana": "{小型車|こがたしゃ}のブームは{終|お}わろうとしている。", "en": "The small car boom is ending.", "tatoeba_id": 146969 }, { "ja": "ブームは峠を越した。", "furigana": "ブームは{峠|とうげ}を{越|こ}した。", "en": "The boom has peaked out.", "tatoeba_id": 197219 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "78debb52d9a81b3b27d4c1ab044e36c0ccd746bdf42586ef8063c055c2536cf0", "meanings": [ "热潮" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "小型車のブームは終わろうとしている。", "zh": "小型车的热潮即将结束。" }, { "ja": "ブームは峠を越した。", "zh": "热潮已过巅峰。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/484b3552ce", "JMdict ent_seq 1113160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1bd3559d5f415e6ab6f9277f273699bf0b7d6201e3e01a02843c70f7906f34e3" } }, { "id": "afaaa117eb", "word": "フェリー", "reading": "フェリー", "romaji": "ferii", "meanings": [ "ferry" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1109980, "examples": [ { "ja": "大波がフェリーを転覆させた。", "furigana": "{大波|おおなみ}がフェリーを{転覆|てんぷく}させた。", "en": "A big wave turned the ferry over.", "tatoeba_id": 137306 }, { "ja": "その川にはフェリーの便がある。", "furigana": "その{川|かわ}にはフェリーの{便|びん}がある。", "en": "They run a ferry service across the river.", "tatoeba_id": 208517 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "47f2906b74be5feeaeba7e8818a60d2424789dab7b58d19513de882a9e78038f", "meanings": [ "渡轮" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大波がフェリーを転覆させた。", "zh": "大浪使渡轮倾覆了。" }, { "ja": "その川にはフェリーの便がある。", "zh": "那条河上有渡轮服务。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/afaaa117eb", "JMdict ent_seq 1109980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1bf0d6b4ba5f6158cb889fa7a3f5a5e3a30a1d37b156fa84bd56e19674d8352d" } }, { "id": "0101791a03", "word": "フォーム", "reading": "フォーム", "romaji": "foomu", "meanings": [ "form", "shape", "posture" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1110340, "examples": [ { "ja": "申込フォームに記入してください。", "en": "Please fill out the application form." }, { "ja": "彼の走るフォームは美しい。", "en": "His running form is beautiful." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "363ad9f6b93660cb873b92128fc9c24720439cea53a333ac71ecd674d3a34c26", "meanings": [ "形式", "表格" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "申込フォームに記入してください。", "zh": "请填写申请表。" }, { "ja": "彼の走るフォームは美しい。", "zh": "他的跑步姿势很漂亮。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0101791a03", "JMdict ent_seq 1110340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "这里是形状、表格或姿势；foam 的泡沫义属于不同词源。", "review_hash": "8ae27339ede701e46029429468a0e3bdb08c448f45cd7eb704412f71c36175a0" } }, { "id": "fd04af50fd", "word": "部下", "reading": "ぶか", "romaji": "buka", "meanings": [ "subordinate person" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1499350, "examples": [ { "ja": "主任は部下を意のままに支配している。", "furigana": "{主任|しゅにん}は{部下|ぶか}を{意|い}のままに{支配|しはい}している。", "en": "The boss controls his men at will.", "tatoeba_id": 148693 }, { "ja": "彼は部下にどなって命令をした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{部下|ぶか}にどなって{命令|めいれい}をした。", "en": "He growled out orders to his subordinates.", "tatoeba_id": 100278 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "396e62e7b8951f13cc3956040b01887b9d48ed8be876ec1e071bda1bfad5d722", "meanings": [ "下属" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "主任は部下を意のままに支配している。", "zh": "主任随意支配下属。" }, { "ja": "彼は部下にどなって命令をした。", "zh": "他朝下属吼着下命令。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fd04af50fd", "JMdict ent_seq 1499350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "69768bfd2810aeea6aa38076bdf011595d4e32d2c2f41655084f1c557700a1a2" } }, { "id": "fc498a2e83", "word": "不可欠", "reading": "ふかけつ", "romaji": "fukaketsu", "meanings": [ "indispensable", "essential" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1491400, "examples": [ { "ja": "自由こそ不可欠なものだ。", "en": "Freedom is the breath of life.", "tatoeba_id": 149709 }, { "ja": "政治家には洞察力が不可欠である。", "furigana": "{政治家|せいじか}には{洞察力|どうさつりょく}が{不可欠|ふかけつ}である。", "en": "Vision is indispensable to a statesman.", "tatoeba_id": 143187 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "690acb26590b8f2a8118a43422d937e097002f07ed4a77a990f97bbed6ddd460", "meanings": [ "不可或缺" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "自由こそ不可欠なものだ。", "zh": "自由才是不可或缺的。" }, { "ja": "政治家には洞察力が不可欠である。", "zh": "政治家不可缺少洞察力。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fc498a2e83", "JMdict ent_seq 1491400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "35e1081485e95316d7fac91a9e56b548c37ea1b45581b5211198a2c6151805c2" } }, { "id": "37209bb11e", "word": "ぶかぶか", "reading": "ぶかぶか", "romaji": "bukabuka", "meanings": [ "too big", "baggy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "adj-na", "adv", "adv-to", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1011130, "examples": [ { "ja": "このズボン、ぶかぶかだよ。", "en": "These trousers are too large.", "tatoeba_id": 9246478 }, { "ja": "このドレスは私にはぶかぶかです。", "en": "This dress is too big for me.", "tatoeba_id": 2579981 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4d417f165e40411f79072b76f9c777c3fc0adb0c1af06ff83cab269a88ff728c", "meanings": [ "宽大不合身" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このズボン、ぶかぶかだよ。", "zh": "这条裤子太大了。" }, { "ja": "このドレスは私にはぶかぶかです。", "zh": "这条裙子对我来说太宽大了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/37209bb11e", "JMdict ent_seq 1011130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6c7167570e452893a7df74a0bb65fdda98d464bb1f697c0406933104c3c3a21a" } }, { "id": "40770ec448", "word": "深める", "reading": "ふかめる", "romaji": "fukameru", "meanings": [ "to deepen", "to heighten", "to intensify" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1362680, "examples": [ { "ja": "時は友情を深めるが、恋愛を弱める。", "furigana": "{時|とき}は{友情|ゆうじょう}を{深|ふか}めるが、{恋愛|れんあい}を{弱|よわ}める。", "en": "Time, which strengthens friendship, weakens love.", "tatoeba_id": 150649 }, { "ja": "我々は親睦を深めた。", "furigana": "{我々|われわれ}は{親睦|しんぼく}を{深|ふか}めた。", "en": "We deepened our friendship.", "tatoeba_id": 185750 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2343348ef54775d73f34aa281ed997f9253949a3d497726bbd90bffda485654d", "meanings": [ "加深" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "時は友情を深めるが、恋愛を弱める。", "zh": "时间加深友情，却削弱爱情。" }, { "ja": "我々は親睦を深めた。", "zh": "我们增进了友谊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/40770ec448", "JMdict ent_seq 1362680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "35cee161a1452d3eccb4d12c0f8d6452e42a768cc987ea01cb65dc753e6fac58" } }, { "id": "4426ad2212", "word": "不吉", "reading": "ふきつ", "romaji": "fukitsu", "meanings": [ "ominous", "sinister", "bad luck", "ill omen", "inauspiciousness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1491910, "examples": [ { "ja": "１３日の金曜日は不吉な日だと言われている。", "en": "It is said that Friday the 13th is an unlucky day.", "tatoeba_id": 235945 }, { "ja": "１３は不吉な数であるという人がいる。", "en": "Some people say thirteen is an unlucky number.", "tatoeba_id": 235949 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cf946c297c63bae1bff2b14299653edb1435c3ce3c3309725b1800e2f8606b24", "meanings": [ "不吉利" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "１３日の金曜日は不吉な日だと言われている。", "zh": "据说十三号星期五是不吉利的日子。" }, { "ja": "１３は不吉な数であるという人がいる。", "zh": "有人说十三是不吉利的数字。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4426ad2212", "JMdict ent_seq 1491910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6f6ad0aeb40f983c471f8ea3187ca569cb3479163dd9ffca5471621037c6d02d" } }, { "id": "e1c0f62e13", "word": "不況", "reading": "ふきょう", "romaji": "fukyou", "meanings": [ "recession", "depression", "slump" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1491950, "examples": [ { "ja": "好況と不況は交互に来る。", "furigana": "{好況|こうきょう}と{不況|ふきょう}は{交互|こうご}に{来|く}る。", "en": "Good times alternate with bad.", "tatoeba_id": 173749 }, { "ja": "ここ２、３年は不況が続いている。", "furigana": "ここ２、３{年|ねん}は{不況|ふきょう}が{続|つづ}いている。", "en": "Times have been bad these past few years.", "tatoeba_id": 224828 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "901306294b42d3e680986317f354cd69f5d02a79a6bb9d2079f06118e33e4b50", "meanings": [ "经济不景气" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "好況と不況は交互に来る。", "zh": "好景气和不景气交替出现。" }, { "ja": "ここ２、３年は不況が続いている。", "zh": "这两三年来经济持续不景气。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e1c0f62e13", "JMdict ent_seq 1491950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e7e0f262449444274b9f65e91bcc558ebf38f238af5212ce656d820a35e693e1" } }, { "id": "3626ea1d71", "word": "布巾", "reading": "ふきん", "romaji": "fukin", "meanings": [ "tea-towel", "dish cloth" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1496850, "examples": [ { "ja": "マユコはふきんでテーブルをふいた。", "en": "Mayuko wiped a table with a cloth.", "tatoeba_id": 195215 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2506d69f23d58b839b35456193bf3052a5ebe18ebca7f789c3d91ff7d9405b8e", "meanings": [ "抹布" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "マユコはふきんでテーブルをふいた。", "zh": "真由子用抹布擦了桌子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3626ea1d71", "JMdict ent_seq 1496850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0d79853cbf17ec53e53ce2086f7fed5338964f5df7b5a6b8de38d9991545fcbf" } }, { "id": "3951ae3c0c", "word": "福", "reading": "ふく", "romaji": "fuku", "meanings": [ "good fortune" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1501020, "examples": [ { "ja": "災いを転じて福としなさい。", "furigana": "{災|わざわ}いを{転|てん}じて{福|ふく}としなさい。", "en": "Turn your misfortune to account.", "tatoeba_id": 170297 }, { "ja": "災い転じて福となる。", "furigana": "{災|わざわ}い{転|てん}じて{福|ふく}となる。", "en": "Good comes out of evil.", "tatoeba_id": 170295 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f2c2b7e172e2bb5d610cc2aa3bca59118e27c046cdac7d2195fba13bf9f348ce", "meanings": [ "福", "好运" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "災いを転じて福としなさい。", "zh": "把灾祸转化为福气吧。" }, { "ja": "災い転じて福となる。", "zh": "转祸为福。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3951ae3c0c", "JMdict ent_seq 1501020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3646ba6d6a263bbd2a084f3158b99b8f5532bbccf8e45278c5b81bc4cf58339e" } }, { "id": "6c9f684168", "word": "複合", "reading": "ふくごう", "romaji": "fukugou", "meanings": [ "composite", "complex" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "adj-no", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1501320, "examples": [ { "ja": "これは複合材料だ。", "en": "This is a composite material." }, { "ja": "複数の要因が複合している。", "en": "Multiple factors are combined." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "58b5ec10fa1e0f481c0cb84d863f99d838af4421d71e375714a408d4044ede98", "meanings": [ "复合", "综合" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これは複合材料だ。", "zh": "这是一种复合材料。" }, { "ja": "複数の要因が複合している。", "zh": "多种因素复合在一起。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6c9f684168", "JMdict ent_seq 1501320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cf4e3b3ce02a12907f7cb6310038b1641f4d0678b15e8aec21b9fee5505d2317" } }, { "id": "a45caec8b5", "word": "福祉", "reading": "ふくし", "romaji": "fukushi", "meanings": [ "welfare", "well-being" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1501060, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の福祉の概念はかなり観念的だ。", "en": "His notion of welfare is pretty abstract.", "tatoeba_id": 116195 }, { "ja": "ペニシリンは人類の福祉に大いに貢献した。", "furigana": "ペニシリンは{人類|じんるい}の{福祉|ふくし}に{大|おお}いに{貢献|こうけん}した。", "en": "Penicillin has contributed much to the welfare of mankind.", "tatoeba_id": 196740 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "44d8e29386ab51c65dfb9e4847c113585b346226d23adf65d37f8e3201c53d3d", "meanings": [ "福利" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の福祉の概念はかなり観念的だ。", "zh": "他的福利概念相当抽象。" }, { "ja": "ペニシリンは人類の福祉に大いに貢献した。", "zh": "青霉素为人类福祉作出了巨大贡献。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a45caec8b5", "JMdict ent_seq 1501060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4b96ffacfc70f3e517f24e88eb2c20c72bc8be8c2a9cf7d17b4747d1800943a6" } }, { "id": "07145cdc5b", "word": "覆面", "reading": "ふくめん", "romaji": "fukumen", "meanings": [ "mask", "veil", "disguise" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1501520, "examples": [ { "ja": "覆面をした男達が旅客を襲って金を奪った。", "en": "Masked men held up the passengers and robbed them of their money.", "tatoeba_id": 83850 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ec16a464cc21bea993653779a883ec87b2f748b314a8318b338c87eaabc20273", "meanings": [ "蒙面", "面罩" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "覆面をした男達が旅客を襲って金を奪った。", "zh": "蒙面男子袭击旅客并抢走钱。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/07145cdc5b", "JMdict ent_seq 1501520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8577478ea67ec215a6f91e973306d1502c6e91c1b89ab0f9157e0672915b1b84" } }, { "id": "5a2eb94f94", "word": "膨れる", "reading": "ふくれる", "romaji": "fukureru", "meanings": [ "to get cross", "to get sulky", "to swell (out)", "to expand", "to be inflated", "to distend", "to bulge" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1602550, "examples": [ { "ja": "たくさん食べたので腹が膨れた。", "furigana": "たくさん{食|た}べたので{腹|はら}が{膨|ふく}れた。", "en": "I've had enough, so my stomach is full.", "tatoeba_id": 203747 }, { "ja": "彼女はそれで遊ぶことを拒んで、ただ座ってふくれていたのです。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はそれで{遊|あそ}ぶことを{拒|こば}んで、ただ{座|すわ}ってふくれていたのです。", "en": "She refused to play with it, and just sat there looking angry.", "tatoeba_id": 92255 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "613530f764cd806253cd90d1bef4571c22da3e5763954e1065a86919088639db", "meanings": [ "膨胀", "生闷气" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "たくさん食べたので腹が膨れた。", "zh": "因为吃了很多，肚子鼓起来了。" }, { "ja": "彼女はそれで遊ぶことを拒んで、ただ座ってふくれていたのです。", "zh": "她拒绝玩那个，只坐着生闷气。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5a2eb94f94", "JMdict ent_seq 1602550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "998996173b422f5f697837403df9b1ecfd3e8d3b0d4e56abec9cb7a2ed70482d" } }, { "id": "1bbd2517e0", "word": "不景気", "reading": "ふけいき", "romaji": "fukeiki", "meanings": [ "business recession", "hard times", "depression", "gloom", "sullenness", "cheerlessness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1492120, "examples": [ { "ja": "不景気になってきているみたいね。", "furigana": "{不景気|ふけいき}になってきているみたいね。", "en": "We're in store for a recession.", "tatoeba_id": 85112 }, { "ja": "商売が不景気になりつつある。", "furigana": "{商売|しょうばい}が{不景気|ふけいき}になりつつある。", "en": "Trade is getting depressed.", "tatoeba_id": 147136 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "24e5f0d8abf73dc7df038eab30e8da3d0134ce0a978e2f15b3cabbd8f662f81e", "meanings": [ "不景气" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "不景気になってきているみたいね。", "zh": "看来经济越来越不景气了。" }, { "ja": "商売が不景気になりつつある。", "zh": "生意正逐渐变差。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1bbd2517e0", "JMdict ent_seq 1492120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f36ba56294f5cbb27e1a2a1c02bdd37ae633d182ac9b5c291c567169517e7975" } }, { "id": "d0acb6f006", "word": "老ける", "reading": "ふける", "romaji": "fukeru", "meanings": [ "to age" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1561010, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は老けて見えるが、まだ２０代だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{老|ふ}けて{見|み}えるが、まだ２０{代|だい}だ。", "en": "He looks old, but he is still in his twenties.", "tatoeba_id": 111101 }, { "ja": "彼は年の割には老けて見える。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{年|とし}の{割|わり}には{老|ふ}けて{見|み}える。", "en": "He looks old for his age.", "tatoeba_id": 101367 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bcad78810708e4c83b6cde561526187f5f6df6890fabfc66bf88c4ce89f6964d", "meanings": [ "显老", "衰老" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は老けて見えるが、まだ２０代だ。", "zh": "他看起来显老，但还只有二十多岁。" }, { "ja": "彼は年の割には老けて見える。", "zh": "他看起来比实际年龄老。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d0acb6f006", "JMdict ent_seq 1561010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6a3d578452c93b7ccba3163a518d8e0226e451acce5bb260883b846e0addeecc" } }, { "id": "ffcf0345e3", "word": "富豪", "reading": "ふごう", "romaji": "fugou", "meanings": [ "wealthy person", "millionaire" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1496780, "examples": [ { "ja": "その大富豪は貧しい少年として生涯を始めた。", "en": "The millionaire began life as a poor boy.", "tatoeba_id": 208223 }, { "ja": "彼女は富豪と結婚する。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{富豪|ふごう}と{結婚|けっこん}する。", "en": "She will get married to a rich man.", "tatoeba_id": 86922 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b3a6c68ff36c094b492e3faaf4458665085dc68a8ad2eb19e591215655843279", "meanings": [ "富豪" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その大富豪は貧しい少年として生涯を始めた。", "zh": "那位大富豪一生开始时只是个贫穷的男孩。" }, { "ja": "彼女は富豪と結婚する。", "zh": "她嫁给富豪。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ffcf0345e3", "JMdict ent_seq 1496780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a848d1479e0e0e26e8c87669fc34a7089b5230ac914592291e2e5af99615f124" } }, { "id": "069d11eed6", "word": "布告", "reading": "ふこく", "romaji": "fukoku", "meanings": [ "edict", "ordinance", "proclamation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1496860, "examples": [ { "ja": "その国は隣国に対し宣戦を布告した。", "furigana": "その{国|くに}は{隣国|りんごく}に{対|たい}し{宣戦|せんせん}を{布告|ふこく}した。", "en": "The country declared war against its neighbor.", "tatoeba_id": 210569 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0a614040a7d13c98a6358af8ae4b84188755520b8967d29e895e347db59e404c", "meanings": [ "布告", "宣布" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その国は隣国に対し宣戦を布告した。", "zh": "那个国家向邻国宣战。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/069d11eed6", "JMdict ent_seq 1496860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9e8e4edcb673b82120e08fb4040242d28c9ee522af94b2626d0d96c37f3ae225" } }, { "id": "89a29c6889", "word": "ブザー", "reading": "ブザー", "romaji": "buzaa", "meanings": [ "buzzer" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1113300, "examples": [ { "ja": "社長はブザーで秘書を呼んだ。", "furigana": "{社長|しゃちょう}はブザーで{秘書|ひしょ}を{呼|よ}んだ。", "en": "The boss buzzed his secretary.", "tatoeba_id": 149183 }, { "ja": "ブザーを押して下さい。", "furigana": "ブザーを{押|お}して{下|くだ}さい。", "en": "Please push the buzzer.", "tatoeba_id": 197179 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8c4f0d59674f82e65728631a0b7020c1f2376fa8cc4910b6ce46cd4669c42bf1", "meanings": [ "蜂鸣器" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "社長はブザーで秘書を呼んだ。", "zh": "社长用蜂鸣器叫秘书。" }, { "ja": "ブザーを押して下さい。", "zh": "请按蜂鸣器。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/89a29c6889", "JMdict ent_seq 1113300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "931dd8cbf73f013193b2e0983823bb0c0e4d56cd63eef67114bbf4e7e78dd45c" } }, { "id": "f80f3a3afd", "word": "負債", "reading": "ふさい", "romaji": "fusai", "meanings": [ "debt", "liabilities" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1498080, "examples": [ { "ja": "その金は負債の支払いに充当することになっている。", "furigana": "その{金|かね}は{負債|ふさい}の{支払|しはら}いに{充当|じゅうとう}することになっている。", "en": "The money is to be applied to the debt.", "tatoeba_id": 211361 }, { "ja": "負債は帳消しにするしかなかった。", "furigana": "{負債|ふさい}は{帳消|ちょうけ}しにするしかなかった。", "en": "We had to write off the debt.", "tatoeba_id": 84278 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8f19a7b431f839ae23d84250472c490c585bc1bbecfb41fd323f2f6558a67f6e", "meanings": [ "债务" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その金は負債の支払いに充当することになっている。", "zh": "那笔钱将用于偿还债务。" }, { "ja": "負債は帳消しにするしかなかった。", "zh": "债务只能一笔勾销。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f80f3a3afd", "JMdict ent_seq 1498080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8cf0938575775b1f699e44d443a203212c20f1eca9489a4028758245512a27ed" } }, { "id": "20c6eaa724", "word": "不在", "reading": "ふざい", "romaji": "fuzai", "meanings": [ "absence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1492460, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼女が不在なので失望した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{彼女|かのじょ}が{不在|ふざい}なので{失望|しつぼう}した。", "en": "I was disappointed at her absence.", "tatoeba_id": 153476 }, { "ja": "彼女にはよくあることだが今も不在だ。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}にはよくあることだが{今|いま}も{不在|ふざい}だ。", "en": "She is out now, as is often the case with her.", "tatoeba_id": 94986 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "080e987bd8358b06b5fd4aae88ca7c3a657ec9322fd6d03653d0414a465f6daf", "meanings": [ "不在" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼女が不在なので失望した。", "zh": "她不在，我很失望。" }, { "ja": "彼女にはよくあることだが今も不在だ。", "zh": "她现在又不在，这是常有的事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/20c6eaa724", "JMdict ent_seq 1492460; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a4ce17de7d94c4819d358fc9b0ca0e501132880ca01fd41a29574a19354c69ea" } }, { "id": "e1f751b05f", "word": "相応しい", "reading": "ふさわしい", "romaji": "fusawashii", "meanings": [ "appropriate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1400850, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのような行為は紳士に相応しくない。", "furigana": "そのような{行為|こうい}は{紳士|しんし}に{相応|ふさわ}しくない。", "en": "Such conduct does not become a gentleman.", "tatoeba_id": 212518 }, { "ja": "君にふさわしいはずはないのだから。", "furigana": "{君|きみ}にふさわしいはずはないのだから。", "en": "He couldn't be good for you.", "tatoeba_id": 178644 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f1c51bda37a2913b8781a7b66c396e0a430f43335eb986a2d031c8cafa411862", "meanings": [ "适合", "相称" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのような行為は紳士に相応しくない。", "zh": "那样的行为不符合绅士身份。" }, { "ja": "君にふさわしいはずはないのだから。", "zh": "它不可能适合你。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e1f751b05f", "JMdict ent_seq 1400850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "72c11dada9985bd67f799489504420a2734c3e0b0186a41db7799132bef950a1" } }, { "id": "ddc46fb610", "word": "不順", "reading": "ふじゅん", "romaji": "fujun", "meanings": [ "irregularity", "unseasonableness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1492810, "examples": [ { "ja": "今年は天候不順だった。", "en": "The weather has been unusual this year.", "tatoeba_id": 171304 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "952861349c2a3130d440748a3b6f87d94446c4c4a658f60b8e7a4fb8d4c24582", "meanings": [ "不规律", "反常" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "今年は天候不順だった。", "zh": "今年天气反常。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ddc46fb610", "JMdict ent_seq 1492810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2edd8026bceeddbd82646bd7968185f859ea325a38c7eaa4684dc5cf27d07fb2" } }, { "id": "4731a01f1c", "word": "負傷", "reading": "ふしょう", "romaji": "fushou", "meanings": [ "injury", "wound" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1498100, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその事故で負傷した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{事故|じこ}で{負傷|ふしょう}した。", "en": "He was injured in the accident.", "tatoeba_id": 112770 }, { "ja": "その戦闘で多くの兵士が負傷した。", "furigana": "その{戦闘|せんとう}で{多|おお}くの{兵士|へいし}が{負傷|ふしょう}した。", "en": "Many soldiers were wounded in the battle.", "tatoeba_id": 208465 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1670292b92f3843ca0e6d9c97a31ecf2bec630d08efac0cd7cb29d0773bae879", "meanings": [ "受伤" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその事故で負傷した。", "zh": "他在那场事故中受伤。" }, { "ja": "その戦闘で多くの兵士が負傷した。", "zh": "那场战斗中很多士兵受伤。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4731a01f1c", "JMdict ent_seq 1498100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "178d19d2dc8f80707be093e721b9e3e5b90114be27e38cee919de2d0cf0f8103" } }, { "id": "acbafa1c75", "word": "侮辱", "reading": "ぶじょく", "romaji": "bujoku", "meanings": [ "insult", "contempt", "slight" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1498260, "examples": [ { "ja": "上司を侮辱するような危険をおかすな。", "en": "Don't risk insulting your boss.", "tatoeba_id": 146223 }, { "ja": "彼は私を絶えず侮辱して怒らせた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{私|わたし}を{絶|た}えず{侮辱|ぶじょく}して{怒|おこ}らせた。", "en": "His constant insults aroused my anger.", "tatoeba_id": 105539 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "00ee676c31464800a83ea512a7704cbf6ccf664026eda8739e1c1e81b6560cb9", "meanings": [ "侮辱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "上司を侮辱するような危険をおかすな。", "zh": "不要冒险侮辱上司。" }, { "ja": "彼は私を絶えず侮辱して怒らせた。", "zh": "他不断侮辱我，惹我生气。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/acbafa1c75", "JMdict ent_seq 1498260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fa51b4e36a948920bcdf7eb1d70a9c084e904bb442808229615b0c4f53ff9d3b" } }, { "id": "91e50c07de", "word": "不審", "reading": "ふしん", "romaji": "fushin", "meanings": [ "incomplete understanding", "doubt", "question", "distrust", "suspicion", "strangeness", "infidelity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1493120, "examples": [ { "ja": "警官が不審な歩行者をじっと見つめていた。", "en": "A policeman was gazing at a suspicious pedestrian.", "tatoeba_id": 176382 }, { "ja": "不審な人をみかけたら警察に知らせてください。", "en": "If you see a suspicious person, please inform the police.", "tatoeba_id": 85074 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7848a694905ccae851bd9499528a9e9426b60dc4a1aa039d74ff1011a2ec5527", "meanings": [ "可疑", "不信任" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "警官が不審な歩行者をじっと見つめていた。", "zh": "警察紧盯着可疑的行人。" }, { "ja": "不審な人をみかけたら警察に知らせてください。", "zh": "如果看到可疑的人，请通知警方。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/91e50c07de", "JMdict ent_seq 1493120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c71bd4d75bf6c34e0f918823a75fb137d4e3b904950f66ea2e7b3d73adadb642" } }, { "id": "f478815aa4", "word": "不振", "reading": "ふしん", "romaji": "fushin", "meanings": [ "dullness", "depression", "slump", "stagnation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1493150, "examples": [ { "ja": "株式市場は長い不振を続けている。", "furigana": "{株式市場|かぶしきしじょう}は{長|なが}い{不振|ふしん}を{続|つづ}けている。", "en": "The stock market is in a prolonged slump.", "tatoeba_id": 184073 }, { "ja": "自動車産業の不振で多くの人が職を失うだろう。", "furigana": "{自動車産業|じどうしゃさんぎょう}の{不振|ふしん}で{多|おお}くの{人|ひと}が{職|しょく}を{失|うしな}うだろう。", "en": "Many people will lose their jobs due to the slump in the auto industry.", "tatoeba_id": 150026 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "680495bb9d37b05d42562fdb168db12d13fe385f296800d297c04671809a579a", "meanings": [ "低迷", "不振" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "株式市場は長い不振を続けている。", "zh": "股市持续长期低迷。" }, { "ja": "自動車産業の不振で多くの人が職を失うだろう。", "zh": "汽车产业不景气，许多人会失业。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f478815aa4", "JMdict ent_seq 1493150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8cd7148e4c7bfdf1af9d05b0a6e8369b4dc1f48e49852f45df4cb36ab993d399" } }, { "id": "0226b9bd74", "word": "武装", "reading": "ぶそう", "romaji": "busou", "meanings": [ "arms", "armament", "armed" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1498740, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは銃で武装した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{銃|じゅう}で{武装|ぶそう}した。", "en": "They armed themselves with guns.", "tatoeba_id": 96861 }, { "ja": "彼らはライフルで武装していた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはライフルで{武装|ぶそう}していた。", "en": "They armed themselves with rifles.", "tatoeba_id": 97594 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e32b39917c7b86e20839dddef2a277828ec0412ed7de62567e2cac7e758aeea5", "meanings": [ "武装" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは銃で武装した。", "zh": "他们用枪武装自己。" }, { "ja": "彼らはライフルで武装していた。", "zh": "他们装备了步枪。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0226b9bd74", "JMdict ent_seq 1498740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "97baa329c30c21e61aa728f061ace058d206a088a24b9431a37f110af6170cd3" } }, { "id": "6f8b6b1121", "word": "付属", "reading": "ふぞく", "romaji": "fuzoku", "meanings": [ "attached", "belonging", "affiliated", "annexed", "associated", "subordinate", "incidental", "dependent", "auxiliary" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1602700, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのカレッジは大学に付属している。", "furigana": "そのカレッジは{大学|だいがく}に{付属|ふぞく}している。", "en": "The college is affiliated with the university.", "tatoeba_id": 213274 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "db765239f0e46a1f83fbe0ab530a9cae9b9d44f117761b5a38e0f325e70d48ba", "meanings": [ "附属" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのカレッジは大学に付属している。", "zh": "那所学院附属于大学。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6f8b6b1121", "JMdict ent_seq 1602700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a20e9bbe1214bf787050becc63ac158f3903a336606a941cdc192fa5091abe8b" } }, { "id": "ea12ba0789", "word": "負担", "reading": "ふたん", "romaji": "futan", "meanings": [ "burden", "charge", "responsibility" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1498130, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は、両親の負担になった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は、{両親|りょうしん}の{負担|ふたん}になった。", "en": "He was a burden to his parents.", "tatoeba_id": 115363 }, { "ja": "ガソリンはこちらの負担ですか。", "furigana": "ガソリンはこちらの{負担|ふたん}ですか。", "en": "Should I pay for the gas?", "tatoeba_id": 226373 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3ce695cd49eff045ec32e85f449aaa95762280796b0bb998b41692b43b35ed4d", "meanings": [ "负担" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は、両親の負担になった。", "zh": "他成了父母的负担。" }, { "ja": "ガソリンはこちらの負担ですか。", "zh": "汽油费由我们承担吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ea12ba0789", "JMdict ent_seq 1498130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "25bc3690b674290cb892413ed1bcf2c4f7798f92930ecaa563614e1e432f7ccf" } }, { "id": "f73bb800e0", "word": "斑", "reading": "ぶち", "romaji": "buchi", "meanings": [ "spots", "speckles", "mottles" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1583240, "examples": [ { "ja": "この犬には白い斑がある。", "en": "This dog has white patches." }, { "ja": "この馬は斑のある馬だ。", "en": "This horse is spotted." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "eb380a471bd25611764cda417d46ae8bbe616005277e5da08006fd064839306c", "meanings": [ "斑点" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この犬には白い斑がある。", "zh": "这只狗身上有白色斑点。" }, { "ja": "この馬は斑のある馬だ。", "zh": "这匹马是花斑马。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f73bb800e0", "JMdict ent_seq 1583240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3a436fb044f680179e7eba7aaec4c50febccda35bd2c5d3e781564cee8f9003b" } }, { "id": "969a3774bd", "word": "不調", "reading": "ふちょう", "romaji": "fuchou", "meanings": [ "bad condition", "not to work out (ie a deal)", "disagreement", "break-off", "disorder", "slump", "out of form" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1493840, "examples": [ { "ja": "商売は先月ちょっと不調だった。", "furigana": "{商売|しょうばい}は{先月|せんげつ}ちょっと{不調|ふちょう}だった。", "en": "Business was a little slow last month.", "tatoeba_id": 147123 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0a061491a6a0acefe4496e2f8f4f1b67f1a8a1239069beed9b48484b5288106c", "meanings": [ "不佳", "不顺" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "商売は先月ちょっと不調だった。", "zh": "上个月生意有些不景气。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/969a3774bd", "JMdict ent_seq 1493840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "34e75ff126365e793c1b5a46fa6d5b3b4d58a9c2e6b39aecae1e04b8df441515" } }, { "id": "7911dfc293", "word": "仏", "reading": "ふつ", "romaji": "futsu", "meanings": [ "French" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1501740, "examples": [ { "ja": "日仏の会談が行われた。", "en": "A Japan-France meeting was held." }, { "ja": "彼女は仏文学を学んだ。", "en": "She studied French literature." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f61bd3226a54c4af581f30f7b7c208811861473f1f79e056911f33ecf94bc8f1", "meanings": [ "法国" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "日仏の会談が行われた。", "zh": "两国举行了日法会谈。" }, { "ja": "彼女は仏文学を学んだ。", "zh": "她学习法国文学。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7911dfc293", "JMdict ent_seq 1501740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "「仏」可作法国的简称，和佛教意义的仏（ほとけ）不同。", "review_hash": "65fccbfc39c90772ca690da3d16a12b74d7a16f4ea27ab7c8239952e8d341cd9" } }, { "id": "05e2d4d19d", "word": "復活", "reading": "ふっかつ", "romaji": "fukkatsu", "meanings": [ "revival (e.g. musical)", "restoration" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1500700, "examples": [ { "ja": "いわば彼は死から復活したのだ。", "furigana": "いわば{彼|かれ}は{死|し}から{復活|ふっかつ}したのだ。", "en": "He rose from the dead, so to speak.", "tatoeba_id": 228422 }, { "ja": "３０年前のファッションが復活した。", "furigana": "３０{年|ねん}{前|まえ}のファッションが{復活|ふっかつ}した。", "en": "Fashions of thirty years ago have come back in style.", "tatoeba_id": 235375 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2671ae71d00e8083f76c7e6850f388bc5cf01b927a2d5225eadf28a168c9b518", "meanings": [ "复活", "恢复" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "いわば彼は死から復活したのだ。", "zh": "可以说他死而复生了。" }, { "ja": "３０年前のファッションが復活した。", "zh": "三十年前的时尚又流行起来了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/05e2d4d19d", "JMdict ent_seq 1500700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5a3da96cc63645f357be34cfa3c23d0ea943da3bd9042061f6a99dc8a971562f" } }, { "id": "def523b3e8", "word": "物議", "reading": "ぶつぎ", "romaji": "butsugi", "meanings": [ "public discussion (criticism)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1502450, "examples": [ { "ja": "その作品が画壇に大いに物議をかもした。", "furigana": "その{作品|さくひん}が{画壇|がだん}に{大|おお}いに{物議|ぶつぎ}をかもした。", "en": "This artwork excited much controversy in the world of art.", "tatoeba_id": 137764 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9fac59c05bb8f8b64b21d1f49a515a819feb61ac65d7fe9c0d5c0fc57bea01cb", "meanings": [ "争议" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その作品が画壇に大いに物議をかもした。", "zh": "那件作品在画坛引发了很大争议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/def523b3e8", "JMdict ent_seq 1502450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "619f67a9a1e232876dea6f0b5538018c950c1105e50c90c3bbe7d8d9f8ce8718" } }, { "id": "d73957716e", "word": "復旧", "reading": "ふっきゅう", "romaji": "fukkyuu", "meanings": [ "restoration", "restitution", "rehabilitation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1500740, "examples": [ { "ja": "現在、通常のサービスの早急な復旧に努めています。", "en": "We are currently working to restore normal service as soon as possible.", "tatoeba_id": 74444 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5a00a62ce72331af04e0e3884232299c5467b11ea08198d39c5c59baabf2d157", "meanings": [ "恢复" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "現在、通常のサービスの早急な復旧に努めています。", "zh": "目前正在努力尽快恢复正常服务。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d73957716e", "JMdict ent_seq 1500740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2398a78827cb76e126d5b28c96f4a75147741d16884de589ceccdab75756fb67" } }, { "id": "bee440edd5", "word": "復興", "reading": "ふっこう", "romaji": "fukkou", "meanings": [ "revival", "renaissance", "reconstruction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1500750, "examples": [ { "ja": "それはさらにいっそうの活力で復興した。", "furigana": "それはさらにいっそうの{活力|かつりょく}で{復興|ふっこう}した。", "en": "It revived with even greater vigor.", "tatoeba_id": 204726 }, { "ja": "日本の戦後の復興は有名な話である。", "en": "Japan is a famous come-back story after World War II.", "tatoeba_id": 122569 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ee920c84b771233f4f3a86f32c29a2842436ec5e6c4bc54a623dfa6922397678", "meanings": [ "复兴", "重建" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それはさらにいっそうの活力で復興した。", "zh": "它以更大的活力复兴了。" }, { "ja": "日本の戦後の復興は有名な話である。", "zh": "日本战后的重建是众所周知的事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bee440edd5", "JMdict ent_seq 1500750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "001f9c753535af81e100a8b82c6feb8d27a56fc71d0924d71f70a8bb309940fd" } }, { "id": "1986f292d9", "word": "物資", "reading": "ぶっし", "romaji": "busshi", "meanings": [ "goods", "materials" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1502540, "examples": [ { "ja": "政府はその島にヘリコプターで物資を輸送した。", "furigana": "{政府|せいふ}はその{島|しま}にヘリコプターで{物資|ぶっし}を{輸送|ゆそう}した。", "en": "The government transported goods to the island by helicopter.", "tatoeba_id": 143129 }, { "ja": "それは物資を直接交換する制度である。", "en": "It is a system of direct exchange of goods.", "tatoeba_id": 204878 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "38c1567be23d86a5a44e5ea65c687d017a9b60adcfb2965d7145b37d1142518d", "meanings": [ "物资" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "政府はその島にヘリコプターで物資を輸送した。", "zh": "政府用直升机向岛上运送物资。" }, { "ja": "それは物資を直接交換する制度である。", "zh": "那是一种直接交换物资的制度。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1986f292d9", "JMdict ent_seq 1502540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0e3217e5abcb60e27cd03ab73c8281464e29be71754e1cd32f5a51f015f69fc2" } }, { "id": "66748b6cfa", "word": "仏像", "reading": "ぶつぞう", "romaji": "butsuzou", "meanings": [ "Buddhist image (statue)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1502190, "examples": [ { "ja": "この仏像の年代は正確に推定することができない。", "en": "This Buddhist image cannot be dated exactly.", "tatoeba_id": 219945 }, { "ja": "その彫刻家は木で仏像を刻んだ。", "furigana": "その{彫刻家|ちょうこくか}は{木|き}で{仏像|ぶつぞう}を{刻|きざ}んだ。", "en": "The sculptor carved wood into an image of Buddha.", "tatoeba_id": 207827 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f63ef07876eddba26c52a1810ec3e794923134887e5caf80ecd999c58a04e9a1", "meanings": [ "佛像" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この仏像の年代は正確に推定することができない。", "zh": "无法准确估计这尊佛像的年代。" }, { "ja": "その彫刻家は木で仏像を刻んだ。", "zh": "雕塑家用木头雕刻了佛像。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/66748b6cfa", "JMdict ent_seq 1502190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e88382a7bbc94cf191a62cff94faad484bb786ff8b6389e3a7e26cb748264ac5" } }, { "id": "16434bd461", "word": "物体", "reading": "ぶったい", "romaji": "buttai", "meanings": [ "body", "object" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1502680, "examples": [ { "ja": "これらの物体は本来は有害ではない。", "furigana": "これらの{物体|ぶったい}は{本来|ほんらい}は{有害|ゆうがい}ではない。", "en": "These substances are not poisonous in themselves.", "tatoeba_id": 217789 }, { "ja": "その物体の表面はかなり粗い。", "furigana": "その{物体|ぶったい}の{表面|ひょうめん}はかなり{粗|あら}い。", "en": "The surface of the object is fairly rough.", "tatoeba_id": 206883 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9bcf9999b4ebb66f6e177fed20c3b07746f6ae03be5eb684ecb29873cfc5b8e1", "meanings": [ "物体" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これらの物体は本来は有害ではない。", "zh": "这些物体本身无害。" }, { "ja": "その物体の表面はかなり粗い。", "zh": "那个物体的表面相当粗糙。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/16434bd461", "JMdict ent_seq 1502680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "583ba1ef28926534edd23366109295cb86c372ec833258c45a050294bcefeeb5" } }, { "id": "81dd8f026d", "word": "沸騰", "reading": "ふっとう", "romaji": "futtou", "meanings": [ "boiling", "seething" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1501720, "examples": [ { "ja": "水は摂氏100度で沸騰する。", "furigana": "{水|みず}は{摂氏|せっし}100{度|ど}で{沸騰|ふっとう}する。", "en": "Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.", "tatoeba_id": 143741 }, { "ja": "国内は防衛問題で沸騰した。", "furigana": "{国内|こくない}は{防衛|ぼうえい}{問題|もんだい}で{沸騰|ふっとう}した。", "en": "The country seethed over the issue of national defense.", "tatoeba_id": 173038 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "189b8944d587e652ec8af0107b242c089f3bc9968f1f93c04398df68c51b7d3d", "meanings": [ "沸腾" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "水は摂氏100度で沸騰する。", "zh": "水在摄氏一百度沸腾。" }, { "ja": "国内は防衛問題で沸騰した。", "zh": "国内因防卫问题而沸腾。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/81dd8f026d", "JMdict ent_seq 1501720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "19dea18dbfda8dd9cde63939059763b8b344ad5ef5827706605d18a328809172" } }, { "id": "1523ebeef5", "word": "不当", "reading": "ふとう", "romaji": "futou", "meanings": [ "injustice", "impropriety", "unreasonableness", "undeservedness", "unfair", "invalid" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1494120, "examples": [ { "ja": "その女性は不当に私を責めた。", "en": "That woman has wrongly accused me.", "tatoeba_id": 209334 }, { "ja": "ビルは不当にも弱みに付け込まれた。", "furigana": "ビルは{不当|ふとう}にも{弱|よわ}みに{付|つ}け{込|こ}まれた。", "en": "Unfair advantage was taken of Bill's weakness.", "tatoeba_id": 197289 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8f79da5f4e44d0b4ccda3e8e752bc4c9e930dee18db58e5fa975562e0d242b3a", "meanings": [ "不当", "不公" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その女性は不当に私を責めた。", "zh": "那个女人不公正地责备了我。" }, { "ja": "ビルは不当にも弱みに付け込まれた。", "zh": "比尔的弱点被不公正地利用了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1523ebeef5", "JMdict ent_seq 1494120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4953bf1cf40cb9c16d0dbc14660ee4d5ee02f86ec30dac55e1a17073ee78b1bb" } }, { "id": "c1bdf75397", "word": "不動産", "reading": "ふどうさん", "romaji": "fudousan", "meanings": [ "real estate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1494220, "examples": [ { "ja": "不動産が高すぎるという意見に賛成だ。", "furigana": "{不動産|ふどうさん}が{高|たか}すぎるという{意見|いけん}に{賛成|さんせい}だ。", "en": "I agree with the opinion that real estate is overpriced.", "tatoeba_id": 85052 }, { "ja": "金儲けのことを除けば、私は不動産のことには興味はない。", "furigana": "{金儲|かねもう}けのことを{除|のぞ}けば、{私|わたし}は{不動産|ふどうさん}のことには{興味|きょうみ}はない。", "en": "Apart from earning money, I have no interest in real estate.", "tatoeba_id": 179634 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0467d520efdafa29ba594d40f1f6bb813f0367f17503dae148107c78a98a0206", "meanings": [ "不动产" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "不動産が高すぎるという意見に賛成だ。", "zh": "我同意不动产太贵的看法。" }, { "ja": "金儲けのことを除けば、私は不動産のことには興味はない。", "zh": "除了赚钱，我对房地产没有兴趣。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c1bdf75397", "JMdict ent_seq 1494220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "20f5d3df6eaeda15ce748c5b57ad4a2664b7efd1ef4ca0ce2f9808e98201cf8c" } }, { "id": "55f4daa66e", "word": "無難", "reading": "ぶなん", "romaji": "bunan", "meanings": [ "safety", "security" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1530750, "examples": [ { "ja": "男性の一部と女性の一部が計算は速いと言うほうが無難だ。", "en": "It is safer to say that some men and some women are good at figures.", "tatoeba_id": 127153 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ade3c27c4657eb1437bd4116c8a144d05b7f5797f5cbee8873da7a20031b932e", "meanings": [ "稳妥", "无可挑剔" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "男性の一部と女性の一部が計算は速いと言うほうが無難だ。", "zh": "说有些男性和有些女性算得快更稳妥。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/55f4daa66e", "JMdict ent_seq 1530750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "72a4888ffcffeebcdedc1cf4356132965312ac7d4982ac2b6f559b31c3885690" } }, { "id": "281d9aa72f", "word": "赴任", "reading": "ふにん", "romaji": "funin", "meanings": [ "(proceeding to) new appointment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1498200, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は新しい職場に赴任した。", "en": "He took up his new post." }, { "ja": "彼女は来月海外支社に赴任する。", "en": "She will take up a post at an overseas branch next month." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d4cc8896a614a85ba1a653d9765862c961e77d844600701114ceb960399f35d5", "meanings": [ "赴任" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は新しい職場に赴任した。", "zh": "他赴任新岗位。" }, { "ja": "彼女は来月海外支社に赴任する。", "zh": "她下个月赴任海外分公司。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/281d9aa72f", "JMdict ent_seq 1498200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "732cd4e86bb3a803a73460840f1e17fb9959679be3b37f7a31de826c7774c873" } }, { "id": "946014cf8a", "word": "腐敗", "reading": "ふはい", "romaji": "fuhai", "meanings": [ "decay", "depravity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1497870, "examples": [ { "ja": "食品包装は腐敗を減らす。", "en": "Food packaging reduces spoilage.", "tatoeba_id": 145773 }, { "ja": "政治の腐敗にはうんざりですね。", "furigana": "{政治|せいじ}の{腐敗|ふはい}にはうんざりですね。", "en": "We are sick and tired of political corruption.", "tatoeba_id": 143200 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0ef1ec6b86c365ca884e4ac5ebfe155446c60e41e6650d0399cbad28bec0f6be", "meanings": [ "腐败", "腐烂" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "食品包装は腐敗を減らす。", "zh": "食品包装减少腐败。" }, { "ja": "政治の腐敗にはうんざりですね。", "zh": "政治腐败真让人厌倦。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/946014cf8a", "JMdict ent_seq 1497870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2e01d090d58b069aad0dcbdc95718ed20f3aae633f1ab73808e8f0c11c46b937" } }, { "id": "077604c438", "word": "不評", "reading": "ふひょう", "romaji": "fuhyou", "meanings": [ "bad reputation", "disgrace", "unpopularity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1494640, "examples": [ { "ja": "国会は多分この不評の法律を改正するだろう。", "furigana": "{国会|こっかい}は{多分|たぶん}この{不評|ふひょう}の{法律|ほうりつ}を{改正|かいせい}するだろう。", "en": "The Diet is likely to amend this unpopular law.", "tatoeba_id": 173077 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "500e698e8e3506312f2a5f041bfcf1b41d121ed554d2dcfa41a2910c9bbdece3", "meanings": [ "评价不好" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "国会は多分この不評の法律を改正するだろう。", "zh": "国会可能会修改这项不受欢迎的法律。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/077604c438", "JMdict ent_seq 1494640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "45d5a22131caac68d71fd7d68e7eca943913da6037933ebf75de474fa5e8c46b" } }, { "id": "2e2b2bb861", "word": "不憫", "reading": "ふびん", "romaji": "fubin", "meanings": [ "pity", "compassion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1602810, "other_forms": [ "不便" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "家族を失った子どもが不憫だ。", "en": "I feel sorry for the child who lost their family." }, { "ja": "彼は傷ついた鳥を不憫に思った。", "en": "He took pity on the injured bird." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "523ba566eb26dc75d470e250d1d8086d0f04e39cfeeadbd1babf5fce868f40e2", "meanings": [ "可怜" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "家族を失った子どもが不憫だ。", "zh": "失去家人的孩子令人怜惜。" }, { "ja": "彼は傷ついた鳥を不憫に思った。", "zh": "他可怜那只受伤的鸟。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2e2b2bb861", "JMdict ent_seq 1602810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "804d548c97126df7eed22e6446d3c413b40067c33ef2408f81b59ca70d903e3e" } }, { "id": "393877926f", "word": "不服", "reading": "ふふく", "romaji": "fufuku", "meanings": [ "dissatisfaction", "discontent", "disapproval", "objection", "complaint", "protest", "disagreement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1494700, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は不服そうに口をとがらせた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{不服|ふふく}そうに{口|くち}をとがらせた。", "en": "He pouted with dissatisfaction.", "tatoeba_id": 100453 }, { "ja": "彼はその決定に不服を唱えた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{決定|けってい}に{不服|ふふく}を{唱|とな}えた。", "en": "He raised an objection to the decision.", "tatoeba_id": 112937 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "23a53093bfd45634a3db38a36f3049f023bdc179f8b3c3d49815b37b7ea3912c", "meanings": [ "不服", "不满" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は不服そうに口をとがらせた。", "zh": "他不满地噘起嘴。" }, { "ja": "彼はその決定に不服を唱えた。", "zh": "他对那项决定提出异议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/393877926f", "JMdict ent_seq 1494700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "71a8a25c5d5bbd9ddb85b48098e2b6e98d833bc0b9114300e99350ef0f7495c4" } }, { "id": "f6810ec488", "word": "普遍", "reading": "ふへん", "romaji": "fuhen", "meanings": [ "universality", "ubiquity", "omnipresence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1602820, "examples": [ { "ja": "人権は普遍の価値だ。", "en": "Human rights are a universal value." }, { "ja": "この原則には普遍性がある。", "en": "This principle is universal." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9d4f3157466e9fdcc02900c0e47e4c4c66a93edc4f22d8a70bc53d871c4bcf44", "meanings": [ "普遍" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人権は普遍の価値だ。", "zh": "人权是普遍的价值。" }, { "ja": "この原則には普遍性がある。", "zh": "这个原则具有普遍性。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f6810ec488", "JMdict ent_seq 1602820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3091ed5cd76a5d6486fc8732090e3b88031b50248c068eca10059b5bfdeb6740" } }, { "id": "772d057f4c", "word": "踏まえる", "reading": "ふまえる", "romaji": "fumaeru", "meanings": [ "to be based on", "to have origin in" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1450110, "examples": [ { "ja": "この段階を踏まえ、抑圧という概念をさらに詳細に検証していくことになります。", "en": "From this point we go on to an even more detailed examination of the concept of repression.", "tatoeba_id": 220631 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ea1ec7f2ab30cf208c0dff0f71b8db25e3c42bdaeeddd68ffa946e47661b0771", "meanings": [ "根据", "考虑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この段階を踏まえ、抑圧という概念をさらに詳細に検証していくことになります。", "zh": "基于这一阶段，将进一步详细检验“压迫”的概念。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/772d057f4c", "JMdict ent_seq 1450110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e077885b64041d7e4f2a75b21591f54ebc5f4abacae5982a71b44866e223c341" } }, { "id": "856da87e15", "word": "文", "reading": "ふみ", "romaji": "fumi", "meanings": [ "letter", "writings" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1505080, "examples": [ { "ja": "ネットワークの発達で、かつてないほど大量の文が世界中を駆け巡っています。", "furigana": "ネットワークの{発達|はったつ}で、かつてないほど{大量|たいりょう}の{文|ふみ}が{世界中|せかいじゅう}を{駆|か}け{巡|めぐ}っています。", "en": "With the development of networks a huge and unprecedented volume of messages flies around the world.", "tatoeba_id": 75370 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "88bfad469e39b35389191ba069f8a91ca5f23e32de7690860916770280a95fc3", "meanings": [ "信", "文章" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ネットワークの発達で、かつてないほど大量の文が世界中を駆け巡っています。", "zh": "随着网络发展，空前大量的文字在世界各地传播。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/856da87e15", "JMdict ent_seq 1505080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0f4f34dbc80c42617f0bdb049f34d13d5ba52a7a830d89e39cd11a783ac64675" } }, { "id": "4302df1674", "word": "不明", "reading": "ふめい", "romaji": "fumei", "meanings": [ "unknown", "obscure", "indistinct", "uncertain", "ambiguous", "ignorant", "lack of wisdom", "anonymous", "unidentified" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1495060, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼がそれをした時間は不明である。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}がそれをした{時間|じかん}は{不明|ふめい}である。", "en": "The time when he did it was not known.", "tatoeba_id": 120863 }, { "ja": "火事の原因は不明である。", "furigana": "{火事|かじ}の{原因|げんいん}は{不明|ふめい}である。", "en": "The cause of the fire is not known.", "tatoeba_id": 186688 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a679ab7a19872576f331df0cd860cfed1c090653b48a32df24ba2752dbb2ff07", "meanings": [ "不明" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼がそれをした時間は不明である。", "zh": "他做那件事的时间不明。" }, { "ja": "火事の原因は不明である。", "zh": "火灾原因不明。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4302df1674", "JMdict ent_seq 1495060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e9c0aae528d44fd446e7fe50a99d267de6922be36468e1818dac7ba049e71583" } }, { "id": "651eb5c20b", "word": "部門", "reading": "ぶもん", "romaji": "bumon", "meanings": [ "class", "group", "category", "department", "field", "branch" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1499540, "examples": [ { "ja": "歴史学は人文科学の一部門である。", "en": "History is a branch of the humanities.", "tatoeba_id": 77590 }, { "ja": "各部門の優勝候補が集まった。", "furigana": "{各|かく}{部門|ぶもん}の{優勝候補|ゆうしょうこうほ}が{集|あつ}まった。", "en": "The top favorites of each section were gathered together.", "tatoeba_id": 184610 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6635a74ea48ed2cf01319c1a48fd9f8b7705a4cd64e346bccea58758a589880b", "meanings": [ "部门", "领域" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "歴史学は人文科学の一部門である。", "zh": "历史学是人文科学的一个分支。" }, { "ja": "各部門の優勝候補が集まった。", "zh": "各部门的夺冠热门聚集起来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/651eb5c20b", "JMdict ent_seq 1499540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6199c7032f5da1f839d4b23456905888e0ce46bfa8580346c97da5b9a6625fc5" } }, { "id": "61145dbc05", "word": "扶養", "reading": "ふよう", "romaji": "fuyou", "meanings": [ "support", "maintenance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1496990, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼には扶養すべき大家族がある。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}には{扶養|ふよう}すべき{大家族|だいかぞく}がある。", "en": "He has a large family to provide for.", "tatoeba_id": 118756 }, { "ja": "彼は母と妹を扶養しなければならない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{母|はは}と{妹|いもうと}を{扶養|ふよう}しなければならない。", "en": "He has to support his mother and his sister.", "tatoeba_id": 100079 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3311aeb556d07e8dbf6028d7ce4f88f04e9384d0dcd6baf552a6056029e8491b", "meanings": [ "赡养", "抚养" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼には扶養すべき大家族がある。", "zh": "他有一大家子要养活。" }, { "ja": "彼は母と妹を扶養しなければならない。", "zh": "他必须赡养母亲和妹妹。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/61145dbc05", "JMdict ent_seq 1496990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "208eb505b1a9bea61892ca44111b391076d77a73019443edcc8b1a6dab662f01" } }, { "id": "2eff177d9a", "word": "ぶらぶら", "reading": "ぶらぶら", "romaji": "burabura", "meanings": [ "dangle heavily", "swing", "sway to and fro", "aimlessly", "idly", "lazily", "loiter", "loaf", "be idle", "stroll idly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adv-to", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1011230, "examples": [ { "ja": "ちょっとその辺をブラブラしました。", "furigana": "ちょっとその{辺|へん}をブラブラしました。", "en": "I wandered around for a while.", "tatoeba_id": 202823 }, { "ja": "彼らは海岸をぶらぶらと歩いた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{海岸|かいがん}をぶらぶらと{歩|ある}いた。", "en": "They strolled along the beach.", "tatoeba_id": 97413 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e7276fc8ae61e4af5971bf72773d2d24957baf3ced75efe8a4ca7692b4e4afc0", "meanings": [ "闲逛", "摇晃" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ちょっとその辺をブラブラしました。", "zh": "我在附近随便逛了一会儿。" }, { "ja": "彼らは海岸をぶらぶらと歩いた。", "zh": "他们沿海岸悠闲地散步。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2eff177d9a", "JMdict ent_seq 1011230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "09aaade2dd43a6eea9081940b277399ddf928a750bcc1d4ac0427193a9430483" } }, { "id": "471e8a709b", "word": "振り", "reading": "ふり", "romaji": "furi", "meanings": [ "pretence", "show", "appearance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1361130, "examples": [ { "ja": "人の振り見て我が振り直せ。", "furigana": "{人|ひと}の{振|ふ}り{見|み}て{我|わ}が{振|ふ}り{直|なお}せ。", "en": "By other's faults wise men correct their own.", "tatoeba_id": 144590 }, { "ja": "彼はここではよそ者の振りをする。", "en": "He pretends that he's a stranger here.", "tatoeba_id": 113843 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b51056ba277e2f933dc30718989d8294b8dc4f3bd23800005e65cb4e448bd79f", "meanings": [ "假装", "举止" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人の振り見て我が振り直せ。", "zh": "看别人行为，改正自己行为。" }, { "ja": "彼はここではよそ者の振りをする。", "zh": "他在这里装作外人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/471e8a709b", "JMdict ent_seq 1361130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b686e20b16d7fc7e0757a8faaf18aacbe47326cce97bbb1d3357c267fed9c6a7" } }, { "id": "5b99825c62", "word": "振り出し", "reading": "ふりだし", "romaji": "furidashi", "meanings": [ "outset", "starting point", "drawing or issuing (draft)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1602990, "examples": [ { "ja": "振り出しに戻ってしまった。", "furigana": "{振|ふ}り{出|だ}しに{戻|もど}ってしまった。", "en": "We were back to square one.", "tatoeba_id": 145512 }, { "ja": "振り出しに戻ってその授業をまた取らなければならない。", "furigana": "{振|ふ}り{出|だ}しに{戻|もど}ってその{授業|じゅぎょう}をまた{取|と}らなければならない。", "en": "I will be back to square one and have to take the classes over.", "tatoeba_id": 145511 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9de344cb1788bde0d41e7901bf40e309e0aefa772289839c55bbb602dc07f4f1", "meanings": [ "起点" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "振り出しに戻ってしまった。", "zh": "又回到了起点。" }, { "ja": "振り出しに戻ってその授業をまた取らなければならない。", "zh": "必须从头再来，重新上那门课。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5b99825c62", "JMdict ent_seq 1602990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e60faade5ac1a9892ec383105fc780c2a09226c81c1c6af571093f8be740b183" } }, { "id": "f64c527a25", "word": "不良", "reading": "ふりょう", "romaji": "furyou", "meanings": [ "badness", "delinquent", "inferiority", "failure" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1495290, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は不良仲間とぐるになっていた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{不良|ふりょう}{仲間|なかま}とぐるになっていた。", "en": "He fell into bad company.", "tatoeba_id": 100444 }, { "ja": "不良たちは彼を殴り倒して財布を奪った。", "furigana": "{不良|ふりょう}たちは{彼|かれ}を{殴|なぐ}り{倒|たお}して{財布|さいふ}を{奪|うば}った。", "en": "The delinquents knocked him down and stole his wallet.", "tatoeba_id": 85030 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ac41151dc3ad4724c031951c9b0a0d7705cb5ea91d83d01f9d658a411bc89ff5", "meanings": [ "不良", "混混" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は不良仲間とぐるになっていた。", "zh": "他和不良伙伴勾结在一起。" }, { "ja": "不良たちは彼を殴り倒して財布を奪った。", "zh": "那些混混打倒他，抢走钱包。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f64c527a25", "JMdict ent_seq 1495290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e5c6e84fbfd20033ff8b7a8a516e092211dc36f2043d5c20962edc3cdb52983e" } }, { "id": "bfcaf39312", "word": "浮力", "reading": "ふりょく", "romaji": "furyoku", "meanings": [ "buoyancy", "floating power" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1497580, "examples": [ { "ja": "塩水の方が淡水よりも浮力が大きい。", "furigana": "{塩水|しおみず}の{方|ほう}が{淡水|たんすい}よりも{浮力|ふりょく}が{大|おお}きい。", "en": "Salt water is more buoyant than fresh water.", "tatoeba_id": 188581 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3769053d815873b185ae16af041560c7e439205e1b92d7fb776c185f228fdfe1", "meanings": [ "浮力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "塩水の方が淡水よりも浮力が大きい。", "zh": "盐水的浮力比淡水大。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bfcaf39312", "JMdict ent_seq 1497580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "560b4e65cc8827b64e3d8464a53706f4405dc53d13bdc9b61149fea5b1d8299b" } }, { "id": "fb44d951d9", "word": "武力", "reading": "ぶりょく", "romaji": "buryoku", "meanings": [ "armed might", "military power", "the sword", "force" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1499000, "examples": [ { "ja": "国際紛争解決のために武力に訴えてはならない。", "en": "We should not resort to arms to settle international disputes.", "tatoeba_id": 237483 }, { "ja": "彼らはついに武力に訴えた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはついに{武力|ぶりょく}に{訴|うった}えた。", "en": "They finally appeared to arms.", "tatoeba_id": 97791 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c0f40e11fac10758a050d658c363ad3e4c936892b7226c4d5cd9a7731145bc38", "meanings": [ "武力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "国際紛争解決のために武力に訴えてはならない。", "zh": "不应诉诸武力解决国际争端。" }, { "ja": "彼らはついに武力に訴えた。", "zh": "他们最终诉诸武力。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fb44d951d9", "JMdict ent_seq 1499000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bff68e23872bbd3055b47e3d700490fbcfcc3e40d9a5d632632325cc5a282a1d" } }, { "id": "4036541a77", "word": "ブルー", "reading": "ブルー", "romaji": "buruu", "meanings": [ "blue" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1114310, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたはブルーの服を着るととてもすてきだ。", "furigana": "あなたはブルーの{服|ふく}を{着|き}るととてもすてきだ。", "en": "You are very attractive in blue.", "tatoeba_id": 232405 }, { "ja": "彼女、どうしたの？ちょっとブルー入ってるけど。", "en": "What's wrong with her? She's looking kind of blue.", "tatoeba_id": 95750 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1fdf4dbe42b8a29dcbaff098cfc1b0d1ee4dad5d58f596525a36bf491ff0431b", "meanings": [ "蓝色", "忧郁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたはブルーの服を着るととてもすてきだ。", "zh": "你穿蓝色衣服非常好看。" }, { "ja": "彼女、どうしたの？ちょっとブルー入ってるけど。", "zh": "她怎么了？看起来有点忧郁。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4036541a77", "JMdict ent_seq 1114310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "35bd563b66a6000af965ee7a3a1862a2bdc6a8d3c30306dc2a6562f22cbc7bc0" } }, { "id": "ad9000928d", "word": "震わせる", "reading": "ふるわせる", "romaji": "furuwaseru", "meanings": [ "to make something tremble", "to shake" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1366330, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は怒りに声を震わせていた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{怒|いか}りに{声|こえ}を{震|ふる}わせていた。", "en": "Her voice was shaking with anger.", "tatoeba_id": 87735 }, { "ja": "彼は激怒して体を震わせていた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{激怒|げきど}して{体|からだ}を{震|ふる}わせていた。", "en": "He was trembling with rage.", "tatoeba_id": 107909 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "84fbb3ad7ea0e62a1d88255e1d5bfff9e448a74c167d17878af9b4a084fe8708", "meanings": [ "使颤抖" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は怒りに声を震わせていた。", "zh": "她因愤怒而声音颤抖。" }, { "ja": "彼は激怒して体を震わせていた。", "zh": "他气得浑身发抖。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ad9000928d", "JMdict ent_seq 1366330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6249ef95a9e6ed99fce43c24611d267375d9b4bfe7ebc05d96b5103188fa4a97" } }, { "id": "5f87b1f4e5", "word": "無礼", "reading": "ぶれい", "romaji": "burei", "meanings": [ "impolite", "rude" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1531060, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の無礼さには我慢出来ない。", "en": "I can't stand his impoliteness.", "tatoeba_id": 116075 }, { "ja": "人をじっと見つめるのは無礼である。", "furigana": "{人|ひと}をじっと{見|み}つめるのは{無礼|ぶれい}である。", "en": "It's impolite to stare at people.", "tatoeba_id": 144417 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "39194add22e4b3738e4f40513f1fc5178012591d1f4deb4f98ebfd6732d299b9", "meanings": [ "无礼" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の無礼さには我慢出来ない。", "zh": "我无法忍受他的无礼。" }, { "ja": "人をじっと見つめるのは無礼である。", "zh": "盯着别人看是不礼貌的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5f87b1f4e5", "JMdict ent_seq 1531060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0f3852953903212bc1b1d0fd573ff6b3d189d98ccf439648b1551bec878174df" } }, { "id": "5ecbf5fb51", "word": "付録", "reading": "ふろく", "romaji": "furoku", "meanings": [ "appendix", "supplement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1603100, "examples": [ { "ja": "今月の付録はアニメのDVDです。", "en": "The free gift this month is an anime DVD.", "tatoeba_id": 13715814 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "eb855271ffa7649d46258068a56537d651d1aae87555eb21b94cb082d8702f60", "meanings": [ "附录", "赠品" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "今月の付録はアニメのDVDです。", "zh": "本月赠品是动画DVD。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5ecbf5fb51", "JMdict ent_seq 1603100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c84bdb87ae213ac86ef3831cb5ce7a608f0102244d098f233d5ae64695040d4f" } }, { "id": "8dab8e36d8", "word": "フロント", "reading": "フロント", "romaji": "furonto", "meanings": [ "front" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1112990, "examples": [ { "ja": "貴重品はフロントにお預けください。", "furigana": "{貴重品|きちょうひん}はフロントにお{預|あず}けください。", "en": "Please check your valuables at the front desk.", "tatoeba_id": 183033 }, { "ja": "フロントの番号は一番です。", "furigana": "フロントの{番号|ばんごう}は{一番|いちばん}です。", "en": "The number of the front desk is No 1.", "tatoeba_id": 196872 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5016f13614ac277ba52316c2db865589cc3564a7e8cb4bfdc7c6699373e8d337", "meanings": [ "前台", "正面" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "貴重品はフロントにお預けください。", "zh": "贵重物品请寄存在前台。" }, { "ja": "フロントの番号は一番です。", "zh": "前台的号码是一。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8dab8e36d8", "JMdict ent_seq 1112990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9b789f176fdf68b8df9d5ae58091e9a20dd3ee6298c7c38c2c379a366ef7b91e" } }, { "id": "9e39f13090", "word": "分", "reading": "ふん", "romaji": "fun", "meanings": [ "minute" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1502840, "examples": [ { "ja": "１０時４０分から１１時まで休み時間です。", "en": "We have a break from 10:40 to 11:00.", "tatoeba_id": 236056 }, { "ja": "授業は八時三十分から始まるから。", "en": "Class doesn't begin until eight-thirty.", "tatoeba_id": 4936 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "dbdc8cf34271c12b2897d844ab7e9dc02f81ded291b01b37a0671daa025b319a", "meanings": [ "分钟" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "１０時４０分から１１時まで休み時間です。", "zh": "十点四十到十一点是休息时间。" }, { "ja": "授業は八時三十分から始まるから。", "zh": "因为课从八点半开始。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9e39f13090", "JMdict ent_seq 1502840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e546cdab79df953a5185f2bc228ab1a7dd46a86f1375d01513f1ba881c7a1c0d" } }, { "id": "488c0046f9", "word": "憤慨", "reading": "ふんがい", "romaji": "fungai", "meanings": [ "indignation", "resentment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1504650, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は友人の行動に憤慨した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{友人|ゆうじん}の{行動|こうどう}に{憤慨|ふんがい}した。", "en": "He resented his friend's action.", "tatoeba_id": 99309 }, { "ja": "少年は厄介者扱いをされて憤慨した。", "furigana": "{少年|しょうねん}は{厄介者|やっかいもの}{扱|あつか}いをされて{憤慨|ふんがい}した。", "en": "The boy was fed up with being treated as a burden.", "tatoeba_id": 146511 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "74f0a1975a6cef83d5349ce02da5d27485d32b9e2a0ecd31cce7bf3337b05aaf", "meanings": [ "愤慨" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は友人の行動に憤慨した。", "zh": "他对朋友的行为感到愤慨。" }, { "ja": "少年は厄介者扱いをされて憤慨した。", "zh": "男孩因被当作累赘而愤慨。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/488c0046f9", "JMdict ent_seq 1504650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fe976a0bd6aa2df07125ed078171688a028a09f294c3b07c0985d2354c699964" } }, { "id": "fdb85e4f99", "word": "文化財", "reading": "ぶんかざい", "romaji": "bunkazai", "meanings": [ "cultural assets", "cultural property" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1505150, "examples": [ { "ja": "奈良は、国宝や重要文化財が豊富である。", "en": "Nara is rich in National Treasures and Important Cultural Assets.", "tatoeba_id": 123252 }, { "ja": "この建物は国の文化財です。", "en": "This building is a national cultural asset.", "tatoeba_id": 13714057 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "315cd09ce9497fcc6787e36a9db513934e1d4aa3880becdc8eaed530b548349b", "meanings": [ "文化遗产" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "奈良は、国宝や重要文化財が豊富である。", "zh": "奈良有丰富的国宝和重要文化遗产。" }, { "ja": "この建物は国の文化財です。", "zh": "这座建筑是国家文化遗产。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fdb85e4f99", "JMdict ent_seq 1505150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3d9ce42fb32efbcaf2bbe09ce8cec4c46d92ef8cf546daae1432abe86ffc1aef" } }, { "id": "cf01dd19c5", "word": "分業", "reading": "ぶんぎょう", "romaji": "bungyou", "meanings": [ "division of labor", "specialization", "assembly-line production" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1503390, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは仕事を分業で終えた。", "en": "We completed the work by dividing the tasks." }, { "ja": "工場では労働の分業が行われている。", "en": "Labor is divided at the factory." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fea1cf4560e85a91c1697a4e152f56b050a1e0bdbd44be3de4e3039fdfb2add6", "meanings": [ "分工" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは仕事を分業で終えた。", "zh": "我们分工完成了任务。" }, { "ja": "工場では労働の分業が行われている。", "zh": "工厂实行劳动分工。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cf01dd19c5", "JMdict ent_seq 1503390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4c196b1a9adcf25cead43db18c3b235bc98d1c1f70293718edd1f6e4aaee84c1" } }, { "id": "a988a95058", "word": "文語", "reading": "ぶんご", "romaji": "bungo", "meanings": [ "written language", "literary language" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1505370, "examples": [ { "ja": "この文章は文語を使っている。", "en": "This text uses written language." }, { "ja": "彼女は古典の文語を研究している。", "en": "She studies classical written language." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9c285ce09a96a2324690337dcc06bec7641c40d387dccfddc7e04f71258172ed", "meanings": [ "书面语", "文言" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この文章は文語を使っている。", "zh": "这篇文章用了书面语。" }, { "ja": "彼女は古典の文語を研究している。", "zh": "她研究古典书面语言。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a988a95058", "JMdict ent_seq 1505370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bf74c654a050aa7fc48ed34224711f676c94c2994953d99cd4e87ce2083d4a43" } }, { "id": "0736fad52a", "word": "分散", "reading": "ぶんさん", "romaji": "bunsan", "meanings": [ "dispersion", "decentralization", "variance (statistics)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1503580, "examples": [ { "ja": "その会社はいろいろな国に投資を分散しているね。", "en": "The company spreads their investment into a variety of countries.", "tatoeba_id": 13714055 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1524f566ba14ce9d0d2cb49964267865354db79152ad1c4721deed1bc0f560ab", "meanings": [ "分散" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その会社はいろいろな国に投資を分散しているね。", "zh": "那家公司把投资分散到各国。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0736fad52a", "JMdict ent_seq 1503580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5b5bbcfa648791bac8a18491a2ba52b86dd2bebefa11ed39e3b462499361b895" } }, { "id": "84ad27c633", "word": "分子", "reading": "ぶんし", "romaji": "bunshi", "meanings": [ "numerator", "molecule" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1503630, "examples": [ { "ja": "水分子は、２個の水素原子と１個の酸素原子からなる。", "en": "A water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.", "tatoeba_id": 143630 }, { "ja": "これらの２つの分子が異なったスピードで動いていることを示すだけでは不十分である。", "furigana": "これらの２つの{分子|ぶんし}が{異|こと}なったスピードで{動|うご}いていることを{示|しめ}すだけでは{不十分|ふじゅうぶん}である。", "en": "It is not enough to show that these two particles are moving at different speeds.", "tatoeba_id": 218000 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fd22308c67924a7ba562f0ac344c762b218e82b4a3a6c86a75b0c5718f14c9d2", "meanings": [ "分子", "分子数" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "水分子は、２個の水素原子と１個の酸素原子からなる。", "zh": "水分子由两个氢原子和一个氧原子构成。" }, { "ja": "これらの２つの分子が異なったスピードで動いていることを示すだけでは不十分である。", "zh": "仅证明这两个分子以不同速度运动是不够的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/84ad27c633", "JMdict ent_seq 1503630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b2eb8f249656363431833d1963e79fcd6f5a56bc071d8dabc3607ba007700edf" } }, { "id": "f832961b4a", "word": "紛失", "reading": "ふんしつ", "romaji": "funshitsu", "meanings": [ "losing something" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1505050, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたのために紛失した指輪を探してあげましょう。", "furigana": "あなたのために{紛失|ふんしつ}した{指輪|ゆびわ}を{探|さが}してあげましょう。", "en": "I will find you your lost ring.", "tatoeba_id": 233506 }, { "ja": "彼女はハンドバッグを紛失した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はハンドバッグを{紛失|ふんしつ}した。", "en": "She lost her handbag.", "tatoeba_id": 91702 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "be35330139cce3bc7ed196b81854545d7b36bf2a48367b3f0496f63d55053666", "meanings": [ "遗失" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたのために紛失した指輪を探してあげましょう。", "zh": "我帮你找丢失的戒指吧。" }, { "ja": "彼女はハンドバッグを紛失した。", "zh": "她丢了手提包。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f832961b4a", "JMdict ent_seq 1505050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b684a23b2c66caff49dc8fff1f2a64d44d4f0a46f68a4cb1544290d1758b2749" } }, { "id": "a54d1e0237", "word": "噴出", "reading": "ふんしゅつ", "romaji": "funshutsu", "meanings": [ "spewing", "gushing", "spouting", "eruption", "effusion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1504600, "examples": [ { "ja": "その煙突は真っ黒い煙を噴出している。", "furigana": "その{煙突|えんとつ}は{真|ま}っ{黒|くろ}い{煙|けむり}を{噴出|ふんしゅつ}している。", "en": "The chimney is belching black smoke.", "tatoeba_id": 212192 }, { "ja": "間欠泉は２時間毎に湯を噴出する。", "furigana": "{間欠泉|かんけつせん}は２{時間|じかん}{毎|ごと}に{湯|ゆ}を{噴出|ふんしゅつ}する。", "en": "The geyser sends up a column of hot water every two hours.", "tatoeba_id": 183709 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f70c862efdb6db773903d03db37a219cbe5cfe5f86400ae2db18476735d993c7", "meanings": [ "喷出" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その煙突は真っ黒い煙を噴出している。", "zh": "那根烟囱喷出漆黑的烟。" }, { "ja": "間欠泉は２時間毎に湯を噴出する。", "zh": "间歇泉每两小时喷一次热水。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a54d1e0237", "JMdict ent_seq 1504600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "66e4cf7c3c2655a3ea83eadb172edee0e64faca571998a345d96ad21f21d1cab" } }, { "id": "e0a5244310", "word": "文書", "reading": "ぶんしょ", "romaji": "bunsho", "meanings": [ "document", "writing", "letter", "note", "records", "archives" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1583840, "examples": [ { "ja": "この文書はあなたのお目にだけ留めていただきたい。", "en": "This document is for your eyes only.", "tatoeba_id": 219902 }, { "ja": "大量の文書を入力しなきゃならない。", "furigana": "{大量|たいりょう}の{文書|ぶんしょ}を{入力|にゅうりょく}しなきゃならない。", "en": "I have to type in a really big document.", "tatoeba_id": 137235 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8298027b8fbf587691893a368c85f3891e615c1336606617b9d333fc04bb580f", "meanings": [ "文件" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この文書はあなたのお目にだけ留めていただきたい。", "zh": "这份文件只想让您过目。" }, { "ja": "大量の文書を入力しなきゃならない。", "zh": "必须输入大量文件。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e0a5244310", "JMdict ent_seq 1583840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "aa6ab494968aa2ae524581321ef171f694285cf51c800dcf256ad1cb9d23d8ec" } }, { "id": "b94b6e4b5c", "word": "紛争", "reading": "ふんそう", "romaji": "funsou", "meanings": [ "dispute", "trouble", "strife" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1505060, "examples": [ { "ja": "紛争のない人間社会はありえない。", "furigana": "{紛争|ふんそう}のない{人間社会|にんげんしゃかい}はありえない。", "en": "There can be no human society without conflict.", "tatoeba_id": 83697 }, { "ja": "彼らはその紛争を終わらせた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはその{紛争|ふんそう}を{終|お}わらせた。", "en": "They brought the trouble to an end.", "tatoeba_id": 97857 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4947eee4d9898a47f5db5b0eadeb4d7bfbdf981db6d09903db3985e9a3da1764", "meanings": [ "争端" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "紛争のない人間社会はありえない。", "zh": "没有冲突的人类社会是不可能存在的。" }, { "ja": "彼らはその紛争を終わらせた。", "zh": "他们结束了那场争端。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b94b6e4b5c", "JMdict ent_seq 1505060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bb0226a88b24c3e782f3896d788e6a83f00fc842a351a01ec47767d5e137abae" } }, { "id": "b09d417ce5", "word": "ふんだん", "reading": "ふんだん", "romaji": "fundan", "meanings": [ "plentiful", "abundant", "lavish" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1011100, "examples": [ { "ja": "料理に野菜をふんだんに使った。", "en": "We used plenty of vegetables in the dish." }, { "ja": "彼女には経験がふんだんにある。", "en": "She has abundant experience." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "66f32317b5c17566628a99cc795b65f73524d9fe6f57d8f1204c6dfa4de3225e", "meanings": [ "充足", "大量" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "料理に野菜をふんだんに使った。", "zh": "菜里用了大量蔬菜。" }, { "ja": "彼女には経験がふんだんにある。", "zh": "她拥有丰富的经验。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b09d417ce5", "JMdict ent_seq 1011100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "58abefa0450ded7af0dd9d5450c0fa8ab58fdffe8e3e0fddee5231168e1365b7" } }, { "id": "911f332826", "word": "分担", "reading": "ぶんたん", "romaji": "buntan", "meanings": [ "apportionment", "sharing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1503950, "examples": [ { "ja": "私達は、家事を分担することで合意した。", "en": "We agreed to share the housework.", "tatoeba_id": 151905 }, { "ja": "協力を望むなら責任を分担しなさい。", "furigana": "{協力|きょうりょく}を{望|のぞ}むなら{責任|せきにん}を{分担|ぶんたん}しなさい。", "en": "When you want cooperation, share the work among many hands.", "tatoeba_id": 180574 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "60996bd500a75723ede6f08f6cf09e4d79b05b42bb074ec958dd20c7879e2aa6", "meanings": [ "分担" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私達は、家事を分担することで合意した。", "zh": "我们同意分担家务。" }, { "ja": "協力を望むなら責任を分担しなさい。", "zh": "如果想合作，就分担责任。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/911f332826", "JMdict ent_seq 1503950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "838a012e821ecaa08eae1b8044344f21f9d6bd29eeaea4e3ab3cc2fb83d349cb" } }, { "id": "3066b28376", "word": "奮闘", "reading": "ふんとう", "romaji": "funtou", "meanings": [ "hard struggle", "strenuous effort" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1504750, "examples": [ { "ja": "暮らしのために奮闘している。", "furigana": "{暮|く}らしのために{奮闘|ふんとう}している。", "en": "She struggles for her living.", "tatoeba_id": 83186 }, { "ja": "奮闘がおさまると、話し合いが再び始まった。", "furigana": "{奮闘|ふんとう}がおさまると、{話|はな}し{合|あ}いが{再|ふたた}び{始|はじ}まった。", "en": "When the excitement died down, the discussion resumed.", "tatoeba_id": 83700 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "50322a05fa98e753b439b8d2d7a3c241db56ed19e4e77fbfa0f0824ca2af8024", "meanings": [ "奋斗" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "暮らしのために奮闘している。", "zh": "为了生活而奋斗。" }, { "ja": "奮闘がおさまると、話し合いが再び始まった。", "zh": "激战平息后，谈判再次开始。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3066b28376", "JMdict ent_seq 1504750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ba32715b9c6695663576b1e3335954ddd65e0abb10d34472fcb2b9f7fe7926e4" } }, { "id": "58baea5308", "word": "分配", "reading": "ぶんぱい", "romaji": "bunpai", "meanings": [ "division", "sharing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1504090, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは利益を公平に分配した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{利益|りえき}を{公平|こうへい}に{分配|ぶんぱい}した。", "en": "They allotted the profits fairly.", "tatoeba_id": 96048 }, { "ja": "赤十字は被災者に食料と医療を分配した。", "furigana": "{赤十字|せきじゅうじ}は{被災者|ひさいしゃ}に{食料|しょくりょう}と{医療|いりょう}を{分配|ぶんぱい}した。", "en": "The Red Cross dispensed food and medical supplies to the victims.", "tatoeba_id": 142131 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "07a422d8c625a23aae1a211037cb501f8c03df580336581095ab508d828a6ac5", "meanings": [ "分配" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは利益を公平に分配した。", "zh": "他们公平分配了利润。" }, { "ja": "赤十字は被災者に食料と医療を分配した。", "zh": "红十字会向受灾者分发食品和医疗物资。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/58baea5308", "JMdict ent_seq 1504090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3862c1fcbd76637bedbdeaec664ce1abeb3d3c250b0b5da23fedc0fcc26f0ec2" } }, { "id": "8d3323ee2e", "word": "分母", "reading": "ぶんぼ", "romaji": "bunbo", "meanings": [ "denominator" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1504310, "examples": [ { "ja": "分数の下は分母だ。", "en": "The bottom of a fraction is the denominator." }, { "ja": "分母をそろえてください。", "en": "Please use a common denominator." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "60995808b87161eaf765b6f801f49a0faf17498332533e22f8ffa385143679a7", "meanings": [ "分母" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "分数の下は分母だ。", "zh": "分数的下方是分母。" }, { "ja": "分母をそろえてください。", "zh": "请把分母统一。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8d3323ee2e", "JMdict ent_seq 1504310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "030039a2380c49d6038d5abde8959335a66788b37023764e02f532e63341d4ee" } }, { "id": "253ca04e94", "word": "粉末", "reading": "ふんまつ", "romaji": "funmatsu", "meanings": [ "fine powder" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1504880, "examples": [ { "ja": "アルミニウム、マグネシウム、シリコンなどの粉末が爆発する。", "furigana": "アルミニウム、マグネシウム、シリコンなどの{粉末|ふんまつ}が{爆発|ばくはつ}する。", "en": "Powders of aluminium, magnesium, silicon, etc. explode.", "tatoeba_id": 74253 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "909a4e03ebabe88caafcb5f9484345713d721e2f80f1e426421c037506eea490", "meanings": [ "粉末" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アルミニウム、マグネシウム、シリコンなどの粉末が爆発する。", "zh": "铝、镁、硅等粉末会爆炸。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/253ca04e94", "JMdict ent_seq 1504880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c43820ae54b4d0cc6a2620401670bb0f4ff380a7aa8481568fa2d4d2dfe01a81" } }, { "id": "292ff50e0a", "word": "分離", "reading": "ぶんり", "romaji": "bunri", "meanings": [ "separation", "detachment", "segregation", "isolation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1504370, "examples": [ { "ja": "マヨネーズの油は分離することがある。", "furigana": "マヨネーズの{油|あぶら}は{分離|ぶんり}することがある。", "en": "The oil in mayonnaise sometimes separates from the other ingredients.", "tatoeba_id": 195190 }, { "ja": "最高裁が人種分離教育を攻撃。", "en": "The Supreme Court attacks school segregation.", "tatoeba_id": 170534 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f58fae302c059aa7be3a465bfc00cfb15d9c5060e296c986090c2fee5e683a54", "meanings": [ "分离" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "マヨネーズの油は分離することがある。", "zh": "蛋黄酱中的油有时会分离。" }, { "ja": "最高裁が人種分離教育を攻撃。", "zh": "最高法院抨击种族隔离教育。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/292ff50e0a", "JMdict ent_seq 1504370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4ab725c78e734b6a2373df99c244aa03eeff8aabf801b52c3760ec7ff96e1f81" } }, { "id": "0b85c689e9", "word": "分裂", "reading": "ぶんれつ", "romaji": "bunretsu", "meanings": [ "split", "division", "break up" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1504510, "examples": [ { "ja": "党派は二つに分裂した。", "furigana": "{党派|とうは}は{二|ふた}つに{分裂|ぶんれつ}した。", "en": "The party was split up into two.", "tatoeba_id": 124397 }, { "ja": "インフレ問題が党を分裂させた。", "furigana": "インフレ{問題|もんだい}が{党|とう}を{分裂|ぶんれつ}させた。", "en": "The inflation issue split the party.", "tatoeba_id": 228345 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5d4cf0ceebfe4f18d2512a4e8ee753384666c26addf7cf87f6679b93b881a6b3", "meanings": [ "分裂" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "党派は二つに分裂した。", "zh": "派系分裂成了两个。" }, { "ja": "インフレ問題が党を分裂させた。", "zh": "通胀问题使政党分裂。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0b85c689e9", "JMdict ent_seq 1504510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e0350d842da31d591b0576047c3a6c7b2d920c1b3b86b107169c546dfc625169" } }, { "id": "47e4de1f65", "word": "ペア", "reading": "ペア", "romaji": "pea", "meanings": [ "pair", "set of two" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1120690, "examples": [ { "ja": "二人はペアを組んだ。", "en": "The two formed a pair." }, { "ja": "二人でペアになってください。", "en": "Please form pairs." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9a93a72344dbb26b4c1213f1d4c1bc2e600d1520bceeb8f35533214ee9cd4daf", "meanings": [ "一对" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "二人はペアを組んだ。", "zh": "他们组成了一对。" }, { "ja": "二人でペアになってください。", "zh": "请两人一组。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/47e4de1f65", "JMdict ent_seq 1120690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "此词条指 pair；水果 pear 通常写作ペアー等。", "review_hash": "a134b730329dddfee36b8efbb31b56f717e98449efd113e8a9ae5a04dfdf4545" } }, { "id": "054813c4c2", "word": "兵器", "reading": "へいき", "romaji": "heiki", "meanings": [ "arms", "weapons", "ordinance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1506320, "examples": [ { "ja": "日本は兵器にあまりお金を使うべきではない。", "en": "Japan should not spend much money on weapons.", "tatoeba_id": 122401 }, { "ja": "核兵器を全面的に禁止して初めて、兵器競争を止めさせることができる。", "en": "Only by prohibiting nuclear weapons altogether can we stop the arms race.", "tatoeba_id": 184591 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a8e6073943c4d221da5cfd00618940ec7a378fca09f20feb4bf35f03302f966a", "meanings": [ "兵器" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "日本は兵器にあまりお金を使うべきではない。", "zh": "日本不应该在武器上花太多钱。" }, { "ja": "核兵器を全面的に禁止して初めて、兵器競争を止めさせることができる。", "zh": "只有全面禁止核武器，才能制止军备竞赛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/054813c4c2", "JMdict ent_seq 1506320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d441d63329997bcc307ba9be9b76e6d2768e71a3126ed1875929cef9a12b6c93" } }, { "id": "13b937a41a", "word": "平行", "reading": "へいこう", "romaji": "heikou", "meanings": [ "(going) side by side", "concurrent", "abreast", "at the same time", "occurring together", "parallel", "parallelism" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 2835826, "examples": [ { "ja": "この線はあの線に平行です。", "furigana": "この{線|せん}はあの{線|せん}に{平行|へいこう}です。", "en": "This line is parallel to that.", "tatoeba_id": 220780 }, { "ja": "遊歩道は海岸と平行に走っている。", "furigana": "{遊歩道|ゆうほどう}は{海岸|かいがん}と{平行|へいこう}に{走|はし}っている。", "en": "The promenade runs parallel to the shore.", "tatoeba_id": 79191 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "58961a882f499514ec3220c78b1217b57495ccf3b88a9db47b5ba1e13fc37e01", "meanings": [ "平行", "同时进行" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この線はあの線に平行です。", "zh": "这条线与那条线平行。" }, { "ja": "遊歩道は海岸と平行に走っている。", "zh": "步道与海岸平行。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/13b937a41a", "JMdict ent_seq 2835826; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "26a6b1a10333bd427e6c9d534af1d0d509d29eeed37771e8e7a1caff2f0fec01" } }, { "id": "be2f217a46", "word": "閉口", "reading": "へいこう", "romaji": "heikou", "meanings": [ "to be stumped", "to be fed up" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vs", "vi", "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1508660, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその問題で閉口していた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{問題|もんだい}で{閉口|へいこう}していた。", "en": "He was stumped by the problem.", "tatoeba_id": 112376 }, { "ja": "君のわがままには閉口する。", "en": "I'm annoyed at your selfishness.", "tatoeba_id": 178476 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6da0a4f4b18448bbaff488ede88f48ddc3f032dcb22acab3301b40747d60a687", "meanings": [ "束手无策", "受够了" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその問題で閉口していた。", "zh": "他对那个问题束手无策。" }, { "ja": "君のわがままには閉口する。", "zh": "你的任性让我受够了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/be2f217a46", "JMdict ent_seq 1508660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "87b9db9253fe38c9831bc845af7d8a1fd977f9f7617f0d541c3d35b7e1b32105" } }, { "id": "96f4c03038", "word": "閉鎖", "reading": "へいさ", "romaji": "heisa", "meanings": [ "closing", "closure", "shutdown", "lockout", "unsociable" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1508670, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らはその学校の閉鎖について討論した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはその{学校|がっこう}の{閉鎖|へいさ}について{討論|とうろん}した。", "en": "They debated closing the school.", "tatoeba_id": 97973 }, { "ja": "その博物館は今は閉鎖している。", "furigana": "その{博物館|はくぶつかん}は{今|いま}は{閉鎖|へいさ}している。", "en": "The museum is closed now.", "tatoeba_id": 207241 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7d1354bd299aa40a37e0fe0adcf09a5e08b1682028a0ef5e9e88c71b5159032d", "meanings": [ "关闭", "封闭" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らはその学校の閉鎖について討論した。", "zh": "他们讨论了关闭那所学校。" }, { "ja": "その博物館は今は閉鎖している。", "zh": "那家博物馆现在关闭了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/96f4c03038", "JMdict ent_seq 1508670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7913cca2399d7f6e2c7486a86ff44f6d4b0ead8cd30579334e7fd32ed48743d8" } }, { "id": "9dc5cc6d2d", "word": "兵士", "reading": "へいし", "romaji": "heishi", "meanings": [ "soldier" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1506420, "examples": [ { "ja": "兵士たちは足踏みをしていた。", "furigana": "{兵士|へいし}たちは{足踏|あしぶ}みをしていた。", "en": "The soldiers were marking time.", "tatoeba_id": 83605 }, { "ja": "隊長は兵士たちを従えて行進した。", "furigana": "{隊長|たいちょう}は{兵士|へいし}たちを{従|したが}えて{行進|こうしん}した。", "en": "The commanding officer marched, with soldiers following behind.", "tatoeba_id": 137856 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "00ecf6a0dd15b021d98256dbbf576fce6d8bdcd9d5b081481d42949231847bbe", "meanings": [ "士兵" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "兵士たちは足踏みをしていた。", "zh": "士兵们在原地踏步。" }, { "ja": "隊長は兵士たちを従えて行進した。", "zh": "队长率领士兵行进。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9dc5cc6d2d", "JMdict ent_seq 1506420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ddee3930cb8732fe4b5938fad6c373ac26212154773e5bfd5d8ea4e6aa37503a" } }, { "id": "b680cdac8a", "word": "平常", "reading": "へいじょう", "romaji": "heijou", "meanings": [ "normal", "usual" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1507420, "examples": [ { "ja": "電車は平常運転に戻った。", "en": "The trains returned to normal operation." }, { "ja": "平常通りに仕事をしてください。", "en": "Please work as usual." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5b630ef66668d8b1f983e62c269202e543dd77c5d6ec941faeb81cc72d219682", "meanings": [ "平常", "正常" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "電車は平常運転に戻った。", "zh": "列车恢复了正常运行。" }, { "ja": "平常通りに仕事をしてください。", "zh": "请像平常一样工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b680cdac8a", "JMdict ent_seq 1507420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f13b111a11f8f3b48353b62a17f515a46fc11b46c0860f4e536ff8a5f0eb5884" } }, { "id": "680cb55781", "word": "平方", "reading": "へいほう", "romaji": "heihou", "meanings": [ "square (e.g. metre)", "square" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1507850, "examples": [ { "ja": "縦横８フィートの部屋の面積は６４平方フィートである。", "furigana": "{縦横|たてよこ}８フィートの{部屋|へや}の{面積|めんせき}は６４{平方|へいほう}フィートである。", "en": "The area of an 8-foot square room is 64 square feet.", "tatoeba_id": 147982 }, { "ja": "彼の牧場は、２０平方マイルに及んでいる。", "en": "His ranch covers twenty square miles.", "tatoeba_id": 116127 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "19415935711ba9cb5c10e6790ba95748946616dbe9b2dc51b49c2e5173626a8c", "meanings": [ "平方" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "縦横８フィートの部屋の面積は６４平方フィートである。", "zh": "长宽各八英尺的房间面积是六十四平方英尺。" }, { "ja": "彼の牧場は、２０平方マイルに及んでいる。", "zh": "他的牧场占地二十平方英里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/680cb55781", "JMdict ent_seq 1507850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9670e3fcbd326c3a9c42d555a2e063f8fd1539009f29ce3f23db5ceaaa958fd6" } }, { "id": "b5f04f79ca", "word": "並列", "reading": "へいれつ", "romaji": "heiretsu", "meanings": [ "arrangement", "parallel", "abreast" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1508530, "examples": [ { "ja": "名前が並列に書かれている。", "en": "The names are written side by side." }, { "ja": "抵抗を並列に接続する。", "en": "Connect the resistors in parallel." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6ef9339dd5700a329d6ab0faed5b0551ccf7d362baffb1e293d677cea02093be", "meanings": [ "并列", "并联" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "名前が並列に書かれている。", "zh": "名字并列写在一起。" }, { "ja": "抵抗を並列に接続する。", "zh": "电阻并联连接。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b5f04f79ca", "JMdict ent_seq 1508530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0fb72e28ba04aa469601331c72753e1c677e046613e40b67793b124261c5b3b1" } }, { "id": "ef321ac2d3", "word": "ベース", "reading": "ベース", "romaji": "beesu", "meanings": [ "base", "bass" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1119210, "examples": [ { "ja": "この計画は調査をベースにしている。", "en": "This plan is based on the research." }, { "ja": "チームはベースに戻った。", "en": "The team returned to base." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6f34769b7235bc6be6f8cf20e441ba68467ac4441391023f3b6b49825f4b3a52", "meanings": [ "基础", "基地" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この計画は調査をベースにしている。", "zh": "这个计划以调查为基础。" }, { "ja": "チームはベースに戻った。", "zh": "队伍返回了基地。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ef321ac2d3", "JMdict ent_seq 1119210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e1fc4c212277ea751504fc583d28d0ace11d2c6a9fc0e9e7c862a9229e6a76ad" } }, { "id": "e9b4b3b383", "word": "辟易", "reading": "へきえき", "romaji": "hekieki", "meanings": [ "wince", "shrink back", "succumbing to", "being frightened", "disconcerted" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vs", "vi", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1573590, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は人付き合いに辟易している。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{人付|ひとづ}き{合|あ}いに{辟易|へきえき}している。", "en": "He's fed up with socializing.", "tatoeba_id": 103520 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "001eb57de447ff445fb88183be4347cdb00d761c254708284235f63646355247", "meanings": [ "厌烦", "为难" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は人付き合いに辟易している。", "zh": "他对人际交往感到厌烦。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e9b4b3b383", "JMdict ent_seq 1573590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a7ce2190a6b1f63dde8cfd813dc50bc6f2f1a1c0a3e845d4487d6a08756b6c42" } }, { "id": "e596a0fd8b", "word": "ぺこぺこ", "reading": "ぺこぺこ", "romaji": "pekopeko", "meanings": [ "fawn", "be very hungry" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1011540, "examples": [ { "ja": "上役にやたらにぺこぺこするな。", "furigana": "{上役|うわやく}にやたらにぺこぺこするな。", "en": "Don't be subservient to your boss.", "tatoeba_id": 146195 }, { "ja": "お腹がぺこぺこです。", "furigana": "お{腹|なか}がぺこぺこです。", "en": "I'm starved.", "tatoeba_id": 226688 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1b8f3e6caf28a856279e5db25c0167ef6396f0327c0041185c052403f2f91b0c", "meanings": [ "饿", "点头哈腰" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "上役にやたらにぺこぺこするな。", "zh": "不要对上司过分点头哈腰。" }, { "ja": "お腹がぺこぺこです。", "zh": "我肚子饿极了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e596a0fd8b", "JMdict ent_seq 1011540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "07f8f94e8eae076fe83472fa6f1a9c688b7eb5129e8db88cf1c1862ec358b185" } }, { "id": "4f4b90bb7c", "word": "ベスト", "reading": "ベスト", "romaji": "besuto", "meanings": [ "best" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1119530, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はベストを尽くした。", "en": "I did my best." }, { "ja": "これがベストの方法だ。", "en": "This is the best method." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c159e3182897003a958c0af0accb0b49dc3deef358836ba60ee5adcdf046dded", "meanings": [ "最好", "最佳" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はベストを尽くした。", "zh": "我尽了最大努力。" }, { "ja": "これがベストの方法だ。", "zh": "这是最佳方案。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4f4b90bb7c", "JMdict ent_seq 1119530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fb6d69662b7b014ff790fbf4a2382c08a903acadc33df51faa622e1d82a2946d" } }, { "id": "507250c924", "word": "ベストセラー", "reading": "ベストセラー", "romaji": "besutoseraa", "meanings": [ "best-seller" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1119560, "examples": [ { "ja": "この本はかつてはベストセラーだったが、今は絶版になっている。", "furigana": "この{本|ほん}はかつてはベストセラーだったが、{今|いま}は{絶版|ぜっぱん}になっている。", "en": "This book, which was once a best seller, is now out of print.", "tatoeba_id": 219712 }, { "ja": "彼女はベストセラーの小説を早速読んだ。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はベストセラーの{小説|しょうせつ}を{早速|さっそく}{読|よ}んだ。", "en": "She lost no time in reading a best-selling novel.", "tatoeba_id": 91568 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "24c3452bbcf9690d8423d1c0377d53ef2c383b9f293cb4e042587a2bdace8226", "meanings": [ "畅销书" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この本はかつてはベストセラーだったが、今は絶版になっている。", "zh": "这本书曾经是畅销书，但现在绝版了。" }, { "ja": "彼女はベストセラーの小説を早速読んだ。", "zh": "她马上读了那本畅销小说。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/507250c924", "JMdict ent_seq 1119560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9af23ec8507b4a30f66024b53a973542a47675d092721f4e2b61adda7474a2bc" } }, { "id": "5e62793d87", "word": "隔たる", "reading": "へだたる", "romaji": "hedataru", "meanings": [ "to be distant" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1206340, "examples": [ { "ja": "その村は海から何キロも隔たっている。", "en": "The village is many kilometers away from the seashore.", "tatoeba_id": 208302 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "91603f03fab7cc1bdefaea60a28f2e1d1db92ed07fa6ec5ed689fdfbeaa39aea", "meanings": [ "相隔" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その村は海から何キロも隔たっている。", "zh": "那个村庄距海有好几公里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5e62793d87", "JMdict ent_seq 1206340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e20f1891c3e33a9177da3d686ae8c6860a70b2bd15c44d9c8f51dfa3ef0555bf" } }, { "id": "b144d145c3", "word": "謙る", "reading": "へりくだる", "romaji": "herikudaru", "meanings": [ "to deprecate oneself and praise the listener" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1603220, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はへりくだって相手をほめた。", "en": "She humbly praised the other person." }, { "ja": "話す時に必要以上にへりくだることはない。", "en": "There is no need to be excessively humble when speaking." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f2a40164e9861fc61c399dfd9b29fe2ebf216bbdce9510bd4c25a0e2b394ccdf", "meanings": [ "谦逊" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はへりくだって相手をほめた。", "zh": "她谦逊地称赞了对方。" }, { "ja": "話す時に必要以上にへりくだることはない。", "zh": "说话时不必过分谦卑。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b144d145c3", "JMdict ent_seq 1603220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4acb5ba418bd52d460ddc04feac5bbcc87e9ef9f13d7cb269e89199152b93b98" } }, { "id": "08d086f265", "word": "経る", "reading": "へる", "romaji": "heru", "meanings": [ "to pass", "to elapse", "to experience" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1251110, "examples": [ { "ja": "何年も経て計画が実現した。", "en": "After many years, the plan came to fruition." }, { "ja": "彼は何度も失敗を経た。", "en": "He went through many failures." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2c36081c7cb5fc798aeb7a7d94cfe389f6db7dd504844e41d0970e0aefef1da5", "meanings": [ "经过", "经历" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "何年も経て計画が実現した。", "zh": "经过多年，计划实现了。" }, { "ja": "彼は何度も失敗を経た。", "zh": "他经历了多次失败。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/08d086f265", "JMdict ent_seq 1251110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d8a5098db72cd1bd3f5ae6c03ef59a2aa5844340d424866fb57d967d095054dc" } }, { "id": "0b6b5995e3", "word": "偏", "reading": "へん", "romaji": "hen", "meanings": [ "side", "left radical of a character", "inclining", "inclining toward", "biased" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1510310, "examples": [ { "ja": "「休」の偏は人偏だ。", "en": "The left radical of 休 is the person radical." }, { "ja": "この字の偏は何ですか。", "en": "What is the left radical of this character?" } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0245dbf5891d607b66f221f83d886456a917891163bfbfed1ba351cc9ebf7079", "meanings": [ "偏旁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "「休」の偏は人偏だ。", "zh": "“休”的左边是人字旁。" }, { "ja": "この字の偏は何ですか。", "zh": "这个字的偏旁是什么？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0b6b5995e3", "JMdict ent_seq 1510310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "此处指汉字左侧的偏旁，与偏る（かたよる）的动词形式不同。", "review_hash": "e5c192bf33226a534c170429945d89c035d110eed796199b1b3c16e87f6b9884" } }, { "id": "c88c1274da", "word": "編", "reading": "へん", "romaji": "hen", "meanings": [ "compilation", "editing", "completed poem", "book", "part of book" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1511870, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は一ヶ月の間に３編の詩を書いた。", "en": "He composed three poems in a month.", "tatoeba_id": 110034 }, { "ja": "私は今までシェークスピアの作品を３編読んだ。", "en": "I have read three of Shakspeare's works so far.", "tatoeba_id": 157058 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4b0e5c8dc04bc9326165b83f39e281479af242134abf2cdfee749e0fa66d4597", "meanings": [ "篇", "编纂" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は一ヶ月の間に３編の詩を書いた。", "zh": "他一个月写了三首诗。" }, { "ja": "私は今までシェークスピアの作品を３編読んだ。", "zh": "到目前为止我读了三篇莎士比亚的作品。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c88c1274da", "JMdict ent_seq 1511870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6b351ed20e1f7714f3f4931a2b4959f31f8b32ecdb084c589394ae404ce170ad" } }, { "id": "f675bf9b01", "word": "弁解", "reading": "べんかい", "romaji": "benkai", "meanings": [ "explanation", "justification", "defence", "excuse" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1512760, "examples": [ { "ja": "その失策には弁解の余地がない。", "furigana": "その{失策|しっさく}には{弁解|べんかい}の{余地|よち}がない。", "en": "This fault admits of no excuse.", "tatoeba_id": 209670 }, { "ja": "そんな行為には弁解の余地はない。", "furigana": "そんな{行為|こうい}には{弁解|べんかい}の{余地|よち}はない。", "en": "There is no excuse for such behavior.", "tatoeba_id": 204139 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6d41d08ea1e9a24ef6a97c7d22cf2ea095e07b4aff440da64f13d9505a53e97f", "meanings": [ "辩解" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その失策には弁解の余地がない。", "zh": "那个失误没有辩解余地。" }, { "ja": "そんな行為には弁解の余地はない。", "zh": "那样的行为没有辩解余地。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f675bf9b01", "JMdict ent_seq 1512760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ec3d790a6505da3d9c7687ac8c9d3c9d8d827ca28360ae74ced89946c153fc68" } }, { "id": "089d39b41c", "word": "変革", "reading": "へんかく", "romaji": "henkaku", "meanings": [ "change", "reform", "revolution", "upheaval", "(the) Reformation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1510940, "examples": [ { "ja": "大統領の演説はアメリカ国民に変革をもたらした。", "en": "The President's speech brought about a change in the American people.", "tatoeba_id": 137362 }, { "ja": "社会の変革が急務である。", "furigana": "{社会|しゃかい}の{変革|へんかく}が{急務|きゅうむ}である。", "en": "There is an urgent need for social change.", "tatoeba_id": 2305137 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d1c371144283f45ced1f07215a61ca2cd5a871f3066993d9cdf972e61276a4f9", "meanings": [ "变革" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大統領の演説はアメリカ国民に変革をもたらした。", "zh": "总统的演说给美国人民带来了变革。" }, { "ja": "社会の変革が急務である。", "zh": "社会变革刻不容缓。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/089d39b41c", "JMdict ent_seq 1510940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "92bb307a4f9a8365044994bc1bf2bab35cb483560ad239454a44c31ad5e1e294" } }, { "id": "8a4aed3134", "word": "返還", "reading": "へんかん", "romaji": "henkan", "meanings": [ "return", "restoration" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1512170, "examples": [ { "ja": "政府は土地を返還した。", "en": "The government returned the land." }, { "ja": "借りたものを返還してください。", "en": "Please return what you borrowed." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a4745bef09587d65ded425c4adf787d73fb1ec55bb2bb9499d2400debc700d46", "meanings": [ "归还" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "政府は土地を返還した。", "zh": "政府归还了土地。" }, { "ja": "借りたものを返還してください。", "zh": "请归还借来的物品。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8a4aed3134", "JMdict ent_seq 1512170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "16d0fd71d1fb1f24e62e48de836bc2041a222a3d67637bd4323ef566e241d0a2" } }, { "id": "03a1f21cc6", "word": "便宜", "reading": "べんぎ", "romaji": "bengi", "meanings": [ "convenience", "accommodation", "advantage", "expedience" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1512480, "examples": [ { "ja": "公衆の便宜は尊重されねばならない。", "furigana": "{公衆|こうしゅう}の{便宜|べんぎ}は{尊重|そんちょう}されねばならない。", "en": "The public convenience should be respected.", "tatoeba_id": 173999 }, { "ja": "テレビはスポーツファンに一層大きな便宜を与える、という長所を持っている。", "furigana": "テレビはスポーツファンに{一層|いっそう}{大|おお}きな{便宜|べんぎ}を{与|あた}える、という{長所|ちょうしょ}を{持|も}っている。", "en": "Television has the advantage of providing sports fans with greater convenience.", "tatoeba_id": 201991 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "81da74bd51dc2b6c65053e58fda8f1cbf741b42366e403a43eba801b6fc82f57", "meanings": [ "便利" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "公衆の便宜は尊重されねばならない。", "zh": "公众的便利必须得到尊重。" }, { "ja": "テレビはスポーツファンに一層大きな便宜を与える、という長所を持っている。", "zh": "电视具有给体育迷带来更多便利的优点。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/03a1f21cc6", "JMdict ent_seq 1512480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b566e0445b09c8c79da45e069aa656a3ab18b5f171175d6053a6de8e939972c8" } }, { "id": "dc0f4efe6a", "word": "偏見", "reading": "へんけん", "romaji": "henken", "meanings": [ "prejudice", "narrow view" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1510380, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はジャズに偏見を持っている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はジャズに{偏見|へんけん}を{持|も}っている。", "en": "He has a prejudice against jazz.", "tatoeba_id": 113540 }, { "ja": "外国人労働者に偏見は持っていません。", "furigana": "{外国人労働者|がいこくじんろうどうしゃ}に{偏見|へんけん}は{持|も}っていません。", "en": "I don't have a prejudice against foreign workers.", "tatoeba_id": 184746 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fcfa4703651667a540e47ee3fd080bb344fae569a38ef5b4aff207aaf7cde1ee", "meanings": [ "偏见" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はジャズに偏見を持っている。", "zh": "他对爵士乐有偏见。" }, { "ja": "外国人労働者に偏見は持っていません。", "zh": "我对外国劳动者没有偏见。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dc0f4efe6a", "JMdict ent_seq 1510380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0cc9d70981cd16d19ce759765f5812a258177b849d47f0428894a67ae1ae370f" } }, { "id": "025f4f4271", "word": "弁護", "reading": "べんご", "romaji": "bengo", "meanings": [ "defense", "pleading", "advocacy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1512830, "examples": [ { "ja": "僕が過失を犯した時、彼は弁護してくれた。", "furigana": "{僕|ぼく}が{過失|かしつ}を{犯|おか}した{時|とき}、{彼|かれ}は{弁護|べんご}してくれた。", "en": "He pleaded for me when I made a blunder.", "tatoeba_id": 82386 }, { "ja": "まことにすみませんが、私のために弁護していただけませんか。", "en": "Would you be kind enough to put in a word for me?", "tatoeba_id": 195693 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a00311ff1ec448fda8f1e8905e34755906c2a652024e29229fff2ec314c2b7d4", "meanings": [ "辩护" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "僕が過失を犯した時、彼は弁護してくれた。", "zh": "我犯过错时，他为我辩护了。" }, { "ja": "まことにすみませんが、私のために弁護していただけませんか。", "zh": "非常抱歉，能替我辩护吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/025f4f4271", "JMdict ent_seq 1512830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8bebbbe158539fd12ac704c6a4acb93942c54199cb93d8ebb45075ddbc33061c" } }, { "id": "217987ecba", "word": "返済", "reading": "へんさい", "romaji": "hensai", "meanings": [ "repayment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1512210, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は返済能力がないと宣告された。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{返済|へんさい}{能力|のうりょく}がないと{宣告|せんこく}された。", "en": "He was declared insolvent.", "tatoeba_id": 100129 }, { "ja": "彼はその金を借金の返済に充てた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{金|かね}を{借金|しゃっきん}の{返済|へんさい}に{充|あ}てた。", "en": "He applied the money to the payment of debts.", "tatoeba_id": 112983 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "34ae86a07f61d82e57789dace49e2c842b4106177d4d2dbe9ae27132ace374a8", "meanings": [ "偿还" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は返済能力がないと宣告された。", "zh": "他被宣布没有偿还能力。" }, { "ja": "彼はその金を借金の返済に充てた。", "zh": "他把那笔钱用于还债。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/217987ecba", "JMdict ent_seq 1512210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a08f907fa21ed0733c48dd0f5d036aca834ccfef80b39400062f40f4aba3132a" } }, { "id": "28bbcaef7c", "word": "弁償", "reading": "べんしょう", "romaji": "benshou", "meanings": [ "compensation", "reparation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1512980, "examples": [ { "ja": "弁償代きっちり耳そろえて払わんかい。", "furigana": "{弁償|べんしょう}{代|だい}きっちり{耳|みみ}そろえて{払|はら}わんかい。", "en": "Aren't you paying for the damages in full?", "tatoeba_id": 75714 }, { "ja": "彼女に弁償させたら？", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}に{弁償|べんしょう}させたら？", "en": "Let her replace it.", "tatoeba_id": 94776 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "230aa7b8865a37771e1f99d5ac487c0b5525ce0970eaf0f1ffebe5c7f7a141df", "meanings": [ "赔偿" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "弁償代きっちり耳そろえて払わんかい。", "zh": "把赔偿款一分不少地付出来。" }, { "ja": "彼女に弁償させたら？", "zh": "让她赔偿怎么样？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/28bbcaef7c", "JMdict ent_seq 1512980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f51e619664067f43450dae5178f2c7884a344d75faad2ff01ce9e475bea5a702" } }, { "id": "3354109d5e", "word": "変遷", "reading": "へんせん", "romaji": "hensen", "meanings": [ "change", "transition", "vicissitudes" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1511260, "examples": [ { "ja": "表面上、本書の大部分は一連の事例の変遷を記録したものである。", "furigana": "{表面上|ひょうめんじょう}、{本書|ほんしょ}の{大部分|だいぶぶん}は{一連|いちれん}の{事例|じれい}の{変遷|へんせん}を{記録|きろく}したものである。", "en": "On the surface the book consists mostly of a series of case histories.", "tatoeba_id": 85357 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2a24bbe9f60be6742778fb170cdc693a6867f8755e68437313ad8b468baaa846", "meanings": [ "变迁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "表面上、本書の大部分は一連の事例の変遷を記録したものである。", "zh": "表面上，这本书的大部分记录了一系列事例的变迁。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3354109d5e", "JMdict ent_seq 1511260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "05988b660f896580d758abb22984e7becc81f707afbb3f4bc1d512b660dbb6eb" } }, { "id": "5138ac69ee", "word": "返答", "reading": "へんとう", "romaji": "hentou", "meanings": [ "reply" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1512290, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の返答は拒絶も同然だ。", "en": "His answer amounts to a refusal.", "tatoeba_id": 116176 }, { "ja": "この返答はほとんど脅迫に近い。", "furigana": "この{返答|へんとう}はほとんど{脅迫|きょうはく}に{近|ちか}い。", "en": "This answer almost amounts to a threat.", "tatoeba_id": 219858 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "27678e80c3d48488a0bcbd527f7308a8d3a0f5b912ad775790214dd1e187773c", "meanings": [ "回答" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の返答は拒絶も同然だ。", "zh": "他的回答等于拒绝。" }, { "ja": "この返答はほとんど脅迫に近い。", "zh": "这个回答几乎接近威胁。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5138ac69ee", "JMdict ent_seq 1512290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0afad8382240cd802a29f53ca12ee3a553aa25397ede61c2ceb51d8181a32eeb" } }, { "id": "b32623c224", "word": "変動", "reading": "へんどう", "romaji": "hendou", "meanings": [ "change", "fluctuation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1511450, "examples": [ { "ja": "人口は変動しないでいる。", "furigana": "{人口|じんこう}は{変動|へんどう}しないでいる。", "en": "The population remains stationary.", "tatoeba_id": 144215 }, { "ja": "この国では年間を通じて気温の変動がほとんどない。", "furigana": "この{国|くに}では{年間|ねんかん}を{通|つう}じて{気温|きおん}の{変動|へんどう}がほとんどない。", "en": "This country has an even temperature throughout the year.", "tatoeba_id": 221949 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7fdaf7643f736a3635691e32ceb7f940ef3ffdda804367c6f2ccf3c12fcb7121", "meanings": [ "变动" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人口は変動しないでいる。", "zh": "人口保持不变。" }, { "ja": "この国では年間を通じて気温の変動がほとんどない。", "zh": "这个国家全年气温变化很小。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b32623c224", "JMdict ent_seq 1511450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0a56ff1ae1fb39498383db56b27e9787a0928a20dc2c77503cc47f0393e7caed" } }, { "id": "fbb73368e3", "word": "弁論", "reading": "べんろん", "romaji": "benron", "meanings": [ "discussion", "debate", "argument" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1513170, "examples": [ { "ja": "弁護士たちはその事件を何時間も弁論した。", "furigana": "{弁護士|べんごし}たちはその{事件|じけん}を{何時間|なんじかん}も{弁論|べんろん}した。", "en": "The lawyers argued the case for hours.", "tatoeba_id": 83275 }, { "ja": "彼はテニスと弁論の代表チームの一員である。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はテニスと{弁論|べんろん}の{代表|だいひょう}チームの{一員|いちいん}である。", "en": "He is on the varsity in tennis and in debating.", "tatoeba_id": 111816 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "10cb4afef8b96f68e1d23397d52f514737524cae80e600beb4e0534716336040", "meanings": [ "辩论" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "弁護士たちはその事件を何時間も弁論した。", "zh": "律师们就那个案件辩论了好几个小时。" }, { "ja": "彼はテニスと弁論の代表チームの一員である。", "zh": "他是网球和辩论代表队的成员。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fbb73368e3", "JMdict ent_seq 1513170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "91b367c468b2686a1ae0f41848604442b9fa972ab1b4aca8a413c1437e955767" } }, { "id": "d05c2603fa", "word": "穂", "reading": "ほ", "romaji": "ho", "meanings": [ "ear (of plant)", "head (of plant)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1514780, "examples": [ { "ja": "稲の穂が風に揺れている。", "en": "The ears of rice sway in the wind." }, { "ja": "麦の穂が実った。", "en": "The ears of wheat have ripened." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5a9c5ba7a3f00148f7cba7dc77c140395476112ea0ac90e053324955887cfbb5", "meanings": [ "穗", "尖" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "稲の穂が風に揺れている。", "zh": "稻穗在风中摇摆。" }, { "ja": "麦の穂が実った。", "zh": "麦穗已经成熟。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d05c2603fa", "JMdict ent_seq 1514780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "83f8d5d89bc8f5294a815b4558a79f3fe6210a4aec32f9226440cb4f8a96c458" } }, { "id": "bbe8e8b83e", "word": "保育", "reading": "ほいく", "romaji": "hoiku", "meanings": [ "nursing", "nurturing", "rearing", "lactation", "suckling" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1513290, "examples": [ { "ja": "保育ママは１名から３名までのお子さんを保育しています。", "en": "The childminder cares for between one and three children.", "tatoeba_id": 483736 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7d883ae5021c37c2c56d1259145c868458bf054db697c7cef1c4bf27ecaa9119", "meanings": [ "保育", "抚育" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "保育ママは１名から３名までのお子さんを保育しています。", "zh": "家庭保育员照顾一至三个孩子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bbe8e8b83e", "JMdict ent_seq 1513290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bf2f446b52d447bbe404c2bb3d05c56c66fe6e16dc57273c1f952090994db823" } }, { "id": "952a11bf16", "word": "ボイコット", "reading": "ボイコット", "romaji": "boikotto", "meanings": [ "boycott" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1123670, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はバスのボイコット運動を組織したのである。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はバスのボイコット{運動|うんどう}を{組織|そしき}したのである。", "en": "He organized a boycott of the bus service.", "tatoeba_id": 111280 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2029727ce46eeb641a281110bd02b606d5069669ee7e7d3a39a53b523644023b", "meanings": [ "抵制" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はバスのボイコット運動を組織したのである。", "zh": "他组织了抵制公交车运动。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/952a11bf16", "JMdict ent_seq 1123670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3c297d40f25a8cbaffb0932cf25b9978090515e8bbbd636053fbd97e2af391dd" } }, { "id": "2402c719ec", "word": "ポイント", "reading": "ポイント", "romaji": "pointo", "meanings": [ "point" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1124860, "examples": [ { "ja": "ダウ平均株価は今日２ポイント値上がりした。", "en": "The Dow Jones average posted a gain of two points today.", "tatoeba_id": 203855 }, { "ja": "彼はポイントを生徒に充分わからせた。", "en": "He drove a point home to his pupils.", "tatoeba_id": 110992 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "25297fb72a3a6dd585daffaa9bee998e644673339d9c928f824bbdfbe2a1270c", "meanings": [ "要点", "分数" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ダウ平均株価は今日２ポイント値上がりした。", "zh": "道琼斯平均股价今天上涨两点。" }, { "ja": "彼はポイントを生徒に充分わからせた。", "zh": "他让学生充分理解了要点。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2402c719ec", "JMdict ent_seq 1124860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4996c5db2b3c1a892205bec9d409f2b6957d1efbe3abc8adcdcf2c1141220c4a" } }, { "id": "aed7830e50", "word": "法案", "reading": "ほうあん", "romaji": "houan", "meanings": [ "bill (law)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1517160, "examples": [ { "ja": "その法案はついに通過した。", "furigana": "その{法案|ほうあん}はついに{通過|つうか}した。", "en": "The bill at last went through.", "tatoeba_id": 206763 }, { "ja": "反対党議員はその法案に激怒した。", "furigana": "{反対党|はんたいとう}{議員|ぎいん}はその{法案|ほうあん}に{激怒|げきど}した。", "en": "The members of the opposition party were enraged against the bill.", "tatoeba_id": 121238 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6b57fdbde241f55eb67d4d570bd26a14aa3678e81ecf658c02ba7583e2bd419b", "meanings": [ "法案" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その法案はついに通過した。", "zh": "那项法案最终通过了。" }, { "ja": "反対党議員はその法案に激怒した。", "zh": "反对党议员对法案十分愤怒。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aed7830e50", "JMdict ent_seq 1517160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ad1083e0d157feefb004a674fb5c9ef945a3ef2c9c64e4aa4b98aacf5433dabb" } }, { "id": "5848a1a829", "word": "防衛", "reading": "ぼうえい", "romaji": "bouei", "meanings": [ "defense", "protection", "self-defense" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1520200, "examples": [ { "ja": "その防衛計画に関する見通しは暗い。", "en": "The outlook for the defense program is dismal.", "tatoeba_id": 206721 }, { "ja": "その男は自己防衛を口実にした。", "furigana": "その{男|おとこ}は{自己|じこ}{防衛|ぼうえい}を{口実|こうじつ}にした。", "en": "The man pleaded self-defence.", "tatoeba_id": 208044 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2da36001c47192ed5efd0e5a92a84ae426ad0d02f50c81f6c5e7e629a15cfb00", "meanings": [ "防卫" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その防衛計画に関する見通しは暗い。", "zh": "那项防卫计划的前景黯淡。" }, { "ja": "その男は自己防衛を口実にした。", "zh": "那个男人以自卫为借口。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5848a1a829", "JMdict ent_seq 1520200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "34c92e4c2a788beac649f7186a65517a9576a1d0a1b4232410f69a59a31ff348" } }, { "id": "77fe998ed5", "word": "防火", "reading": "ぼうか", "romaji": "bouka", "meanings": [ "fire prevention", "fire fighting", "fire proof" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1520260, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは昨日防火訓練をした。", "en": "We had a fire drill yesterday.", "tatoeba_id": 237466 }, { "ja": "この美術館には防火の設備がある。", "furigana": "この{美術館|びじゅつかん}には{防火|ぼうか}の{設備|せつび}がある。", "en": "This museum is equipped with a fire prevention system.", "tatoeba_id": 220128 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "80df6119d64a70bfb83ab402ce229b3e5987f8f4b8406a451492e3d5b2f2dca0", "meanings": [ "防火" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは昨日防火訓練をした。", "zh": "我们昨天进行了防火演习。" }, { "ja": "この美術館には防火の設備がある。", "zh": "这家美术馆有防火设备。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/77fe998ed5", "JMdict ent_seq 1520260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "54900813db0916a0e86f9050b181c557273e9b6f9498ec051198479155f61bc5" } }, { "id": "e10b8d5307", "word": "崩壊", "reading": "ほうかい", "romaji": "houkai", "meanings": [ "collapse", "decay (physics)", "crumbling", "breaking down", "caving in" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1516280, "examples": [ { "ja": "チューダー朝は１６０３年に崩壊した。", "furigana": "チューダー{朝|ちょう}は１６０３{年|ねん}に{崩壊|ほうかい}した。", "en": "The Tudor Dynasty fell in the year 1603.", "tatoeba_id": 202950 }, { "ja": "橋は強い流れに耐えられず崩壊した。", "furigana": "{橋|はし}は{強|つよ}い{流|なが}れに{耐|た}えられず{崩壊|ほうかい}した。", "en": "The bridge couldn't sustain the force of the strong current and collapsed.", "tatoeba_id": 180121 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e90174c3c8fc3bc68d89a846fb28c8e32081fa2d5839c8cae691f976993eb632", "meanings": [ "崩塌", "瓦解" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "チューダー朝は１６０３年に崩壊した。", "zh": "都铎王朝于1603年结束。" }, { "ja": "橋は強い流れに耐えられず崩壊した。", "zh": "桥无法承受强大水流而坍塌。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e10b8d5307", "JMdict ent_seq 1516280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6b05817edada707e47061469b08bd5b76996bef58340d9964cda355ed553c564" } }, { "id": "f916dfd1cc", "word": "妨害", "reading": "ぼうがい", "romaji": "bougai", "meanings": [ "disturbance", "obstruction", "hindrance", "jamming", "interference" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1519130, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私たちの会話を妨害した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{私|わたし}たちの{会話|かいわ}を{妨害|ぼうがい}した。", "en": "He broke in on our conversation.", "tatoeba_id": 106295 }, { "ja": "彼は他人の私事を妨害する。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{他人|たにん}の{私事|しじ}を{妨害|ぼうがい}する。", "en": "He invades the privacy of others.", "tatoeba_id": 102609 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5890b4706d18aaf45ee04999392e209bbc085783e8a4b1b95c00441a95e29f9a", "meanings": [ "妨碍" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私たちの会話を妨害した。", "zh": "他打断了我们的谈话。" }, { "ja": "彼は他人の私事を妨害する。", "zh": "他干涉别人的私事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f916dfd1cc", "JMdict ent_seq 1519130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "395e53c16da6863e7139951b58524a019ace1e84aa07e97aadaf9b064ffdc40e" } }, { "id": "6e418239d4", "word": "法学", "reading": "ほうがく", "romaji": "hougaku", "meanings": [ "law", "jurisprudence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1517230, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は法学修士の学位を得た。", "en": "He got a master's degree in law.", "tatoeba_id": 100041 }, { "ja": "法学を学んでいる学生が皆法律家になれるというわけではない。", "en": "Not every student studying law can be a lawyer.", "tatoeba_id": 82684 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2d998e596ed2c8127b20d28fba691fcb644d4aafbdb80f1e2ebcd39381fc5fac", "meanings": [ "法学" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は法学修士の学位を得た。", "zh": "他获得了法学硕士学位。" }, { "ja": "法学を学んでいる学生が皆法律家になれるというわけではない。", "zh": "并不是所有学法学的学生都能成为法律工作者。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6e418239d4", "JMdict ent_seq 1517230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d02aa143d894f75f095cd6de5d843753c8269bec97787189d219a45c57bbe8a4" } }, { "id": "042950a048", "word": "宝器", "reading": "ほうき", "romaji": "houki", "meanings": [ "treasured article or vessel", "outstanding individual" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1748510, "examples": [ { "ja": "その宝器は大切に保管された。", "en": "The treasured vessel was carefully kept." }, { "ja": "彼は優れた宝器とみなされた。", "en": "He was regarded as a person of great talent." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f3094ab18ce5cf5ef6683e72f7a674916d83b445f1c8a5990e7b89dfb8a0366d", "meanings": [ "宝器", "杰出人才" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その宝器は大切に保管された。", "zh": "那件宝器被珍藏起来。" }, { "ja": "彼は優れた宝器とみなされた。", "zh": "他被视为出色的人才。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/042950a048", "JMdict ent_seq 1748510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8abffe2b6a04cf6ee68680facdf129fc05bd2f458046df897d499f2a0fd0c2e5" } }, { "id": "1799cfb5f8", "word": "放棄", "reading": "ほうき", "romaji": "houki", "meanings": [ "abandonment", "renunciation", "abdication (responsibility, right)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1516580, "examples": [ { "ja": "日本国民は戦争を放棄している。", "furigana": "{日本国民|にほんこくみん}は{戦争|せんそう}を{放棄|ほうき}している。", "en": "The Japanese people have renounced war.", "tatoeba_id": 122318 }, { "ja": "彼はその土地の所有権を放棄した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{土地|とち}の{所有権|しょゆうけん}を{放棄|ほうき}した。", "en": "He renounced the ownership of the land.", "tatoeba_id": 112490 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7fd09fe9ee47431396a3918cd6b9cc140b80ec5efaefedf4103d547713ef1516", "meanings": [ "放弃" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "日本国民は戦争を放棄している。", "zh": "日本国民放弃战争。" }, { "ja": "彼はその土地の所有権を放棄した。", "zh": "他放弃了那块土地的所有权。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1799cfb5f8", "JMdict ent_seq 1516580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "08050a1f96ba3b0021e129744f40ea6bba1c7430088d715c55721498331d003d" } }, { "id": "817825c9b9", "word": "封建", "reading": "ほうけん", "romaji": "houken", "meanings": [ "feudalistic" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1499620, "examples": [ { "ja": "前世紀の中頃まで日本が封建国家であったことは、よくしられている。", "en": "It is well known that up to the middle of the last century Japan was a feudal state.", "tatoeba_id": 140789 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2f47ab6c2a7c4ba4d52679732b83ac4463c7d54ee9cb574509cceefe6efb8fca", "meanings": [ "封建" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "前世紀の中頃まで日本が封建国家であったことは、よくしられている。", "zh": "众所周知，日本直到上世纪中叶还是封建国家。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/817825c9b9", "JMdict ent_seq 1499620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "23526ed9c59efbeea824079a76cbb5d6a8688e41f4476e4651bb1165ad5e988a" } }, { "id": "85eb63e6e0", "word": "方策", "reading": "ほうさく", "romaji": "housaku", "meanings": [ "plan", "policy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1517020, "examples": [ { "ja": "政府は国内産業振興の方策を講じた。", "en": "The government has taken measures to promote domestic industry.", "tatoeba_id": 143098 }, { "ja": "正直が最善の方策であるのは言うまでもない。", "furigana": "{正直|しょうじき}が{最善|さいぜん}の{方策|ほうさく}であるのは{言|い}うまでもない。", "en": "It goes without saying that honesty is the best policy.", "tatoeba_id": 142923 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "34a61790d2205685628fe8bb1b41522ac6a2d4728d2276ae9dd413f2e212edd9", "meanings": [ "方策", "措施" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "政府は国内産業振興の方策を講じた。", "zh": "政府采取了振兴国内产业的措施。" }, { "ja": "正直が最善の方策であるのは言うまでもない。", "zh": "不用说，诚实是最好的策略。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/85eb63e6e0", "JMdict ent_seq 1517020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8969a80f36c91cd20e8bec797d21175cc13b9343c1c25c9fa28bfbee39669d15" } }, { "id": "9fb7bc06a9", "word": "豊作", "reading": "ほうさく", "romaji": "housaku", "meanings": [ "abundant harvest", "bumper crop" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1518150, "examples": [ { "ja": "米作は今年豊作だ。", "en": "The rice crop is large this year.", "tatoeba_id": 83484 }, { "ja": "この好天が続けば豊作になるだろう。", "furigana": "この{好天|こうてん}が{続|つづ}けば{豊作|ほうさく}になるだろう。", "en": "We'll have a good crop if this good weather keeps up.", "tatoeba_id": 221989 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c3b113871b038c3b2976db3901973a798b4e8abc8395fd1ea8e31b40d0c04ee6", "meanings": [ "丰收" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "米作は今年豊作だ。", "zh": "今年水稻丰收。" }, { "ja": "この好天が続けば豊作になるだろう。", "zh": "如果这种好天气持续下去就会丰收。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9fb7bc06a9", "JMdict ent_seq 1518150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "93047a0f2f861b37915bbcc75000930c2ef7b32a16614dda14df3099bafc55aa" } }, { "id": "c1c82b2952", "word": "奉仕", "reading": "ほうし", "romaji": "houshi", "meanings": [ "attendance", "service" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1515950, "examples": [ { "ja": "政治家は国民のために奉仕すべきだ。", "furigana": "{政治家|せいじか}は{国民|こくみん}のために{奉仕|ほうし}すべきだ。", "en": "A politician should serve the people.", "tatoeba_id": 143182 }, { "ja": "彼は数週間共同募金運動に奉仕した。", "en": "He worked for weeks on behalf of the community chest.", "tatoeba_id": 103449 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1fad03214e7b160309c733ed7a24a69b81afe331c98c07ff94017fd4fb979263", "meanings": [ "服务", "奉献" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "政治家は国民のために奉仕すべきだ。", "zh": "政治家应该为国民服务。" }, { "ja": "彼は数週間共同募金運動に奉仕した。", "zh": "他为联合募捐活动服务了几周。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c1c82b2952", "JMdict ent_seq 1515950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "848257c04db41a0a43f5c1f1ed607c777b120a3ee91dfde6308652b99d89b990" } }, { "id": "ebee201fce", "word": "方式", "reading": "ほうしき", "romaji": "houshiki", "meanings": [ "form", "method", "system" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1517030, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は新しい方式を編み出した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{新|あたら}しい{方式|ほうしき}を{編|あ}み{出|だ}した。", "en": "He worked out a new formula.", "tatoeba_id": 103775 }, { "ja": "我が校は彼の授業方式を採用した。", "en": "Our school adopted his teaching methods.", "tatoeba_id": 186425 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fb90acddfda5c0af482cca5a4381d16f9f687d7a63838da1c41b0fe9f66f0a1e", "meanings": [ "方式" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は新しい方式を編み出した。", "zh": "他想出了一种新方法。" }, { "ja": "我が校は彼の授業方式を採用した。", "zh": "我们学校采用了他的教学方法。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ebee201fce", "JMdict ent_seq 1517030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8736066ad15ff0ef1b5ef41e9f78b77727b7e712b0e6ab2cc21a1eea5c9554af" } }, { "id": "9e3ffc8eb0", "word": "放射", "reading": "ほうしゃ", "romaji": "housha", "meanings": [ "radiation", "emission" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1516600, "examples": [ { "ja": "ドップラー効果はまた、一般に光と放射エネルギーにおいても見られる。", "furigana": "ドップラー{効果|こうか}はまた、{一般|いっぱん}に{光|ひかり}と{放射|ほうしゃ}エネルギーにおいても{見|み}られる。", "en": "The Doppler effect is also observed with light and with radiant energy in general.", "tatoeba_id": 200676 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "11cb498374bed38332156c6991531ec06eb0005b94bee1e3755d898679ef9c0b", "meanings": [ "放射" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ドップラー効果はまた、一般に光と放射エネルギーにおいても見られる。", "zh": "多普勒效应通常也见于光和辐射能量。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9e3ffc8eb0", "JMdict ent_seq 1516600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "143565409db0233de60d9a653d10c1ebc91418008555d2ddfca4f3b0a59e03db" } }, { "id": "c015ddb7c6", "word": "放射能", "reading": "ほうしゃのう", "romaji": "houshanou", "meanings": [ "radioactivity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1516690, "examples": [ { "ja": "放射能が原子力発電所から漏れた。", "furigana": "{放射能|ほうしゃのう}が{原子力発電所|げんしりょくはつでんしょ}から{漏|も}れた。", "en": "The radioactivity leaked out of the nuclear power plant.", "tatoeba_id": 82706 }, { "ja": "今回の雨には放射能はない。", "furigana": "{今回|こんかい}の{雨|あめ}には{放射能|ほうしゃのう}はない。", "en": "The rain is radiologically inactive this time.", "tatoeba_id": 172511 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f0c52032e3955b44f8e4864ba884284d6ed440af8c966d95c597f3dd0150041b", "meanings": [ "放射性", "辐射" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "放射能が原子力発電所から漏れた。", "zh": "核电站发生了放射性物质泄漏。" }, { "ja": "今回の雨には放射能はない。", "zh": "这次的雨水没有放射性。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c015ddb7c6", "JMdict ent_seq 1516690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "56a1172bfa0ec563c9d3d286425a37d0a5d09c97ab85d4a6292defd08021e9c4" } }, { "id": "a227e50797", "word": "報酬", "reading": "ほうしゅう", "romaji": "houshuu", "meanings": [ "remuneration", "recompense", "reward", "toll" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1515700, "examples": [ { "ja": "その弁護士への報酬はとても高かった。", "furigana": "その{弁護士|べんごし}への{報酬|ほうしゅう}はとても{高|たか}かった。", "en": "The lawyer's fee was very high.", "tatoeba_id": 206812 }, { "ja": "彼は労働の報酬をもらわなかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{労働|ろうどう}の{報酬|ほうしゅう}をもらわなかった。", "en": "He wasn't given any reward for his service.", "tatoeba_id": 98882 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b3fc6718a28572c29ff1eb270d41729735021632395db2a7b751f431d234ce57", "meanings": [ "报酬" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その弁護士への報酬はとても高かった。", "zh": "给那位律师的报酬非常高。" }, { "ja": "彼は労働の報酬をもらわなかった。", "zh": "他没有得到劳动报酬。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a227e50797", "JMdict ent_seq 1515700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d764cfe7ba671fabfabcfb0a24be4019a618e09bca3375cbbd5adee88a91c793" } }, { "id": "7704534786", "word": "放出", "reading": "ほうしゅつ", "romaji": "houshutsu", "meanings": [ "release", "emit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1516710, "examples": [ { "ja": "植物は栄養物を作っているとき、酸素を放出する。", "furigana": "{植物|しょくぶつ}は{栄養|えいよう}{物|もの}を{作|つく}っているとき、{酸素|さんそ}を{放出|ほうしゅつ}する。", "en": "Plants give off oxygen as they make food.", "tatoeba_id": 145991 }, { "ja": "例えばジャック・パインの松かさは、高温により影響を受けるまでは自ら開いて種子を放出しない。", "furigana": "{例|たと}えばジャック・パインの{松|まつ}かさは、{高温|こうおん}により{影響|えいきょう}を{受|う}けるまでは{自|みずか}ら{開|ひら}いて{種子|しゅし}を{放出|ほうしゅつ}しない。", "en": "The cones of the jack pine, for example, do not readily open to release their seeds until they have been subjected to great heat.", "tatoeba_id": 77699 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5645c4be59f778b8e86be56f9fc266cc3d299a97b4152d3b405f94f5ac64b68d", "meanings": [ "释放" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "植物は栄養物を作っているとき、酸素を放出する。", "zh": "植物制造养分时释放氧气。" }, { "ja": "例えばジャック・パインの松かさは、高温により影響を受けるまでは自ら開いて種子を放出しない。", "zh": "例如，短叶松的球果在受到高温影响前不会自行打开释放种子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7704534786", "JMdict ent_seq 1516710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e8cbcef5e5a765020f381bc0c1767f5a32c827bb594d9e8be16cdd2cfd000c6c" } }, { "id": "e3797104ae", "word": "報じる", "reading": "ほうじる", "romaji": "houjiru", "meanings": [ "to inform", "to report" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1515650, "examples": [ { "ja": "その俳優の死は各紙で大見出しで報じられた。", "furigana": "その{俳優|はいゆう}の{死|し}は{各紙|かくし}で{大見出|おおみだ}しで{報|ほう}じられた。", "en": "The actor's death made big headlines in all the papers.", "tatoeba_id": 207262 }, { "ja": "新聞はそのニュースを報じなかった。", "furigana": "{新聞|しんぶん}はそのニュースを{報|ほう}じなかった。", "en": "Newspapers did not report that news.", "tatoeba_id": 145143 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e8180c724915e081876e46f211f30114e87e35b533b2b705a0958c6c9bff3af9", "meanings": [ "报道" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その俳優の死は各紙で大見出しで報じられた。", "zh": "那位演员的去世被各报以大标题报道。" }, { "ja": "新聞はそのニュースを報じなかった。", "zh": "报纸没有报道那条新闻。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e3797104ae", "JMdict ent_seq 1515650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1920913b0a4c1d503034d13c3fac8b626765f1e1c096db47d13de24a5e036b57" } }, { "id": "ba25c582aa", "word": "報ずる", "reading": "ほうずる", "romaji": "houzuru", "meanings": [ "to inform", "to report" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vz", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1515660, "examples": [ { "ja": "新聞が事故を報じた。", "en": "The newspaper reported the accident." }, { "ja": "彼は先生の恩に報じた。", "en": "He repaid his teacher’s kindness." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "243ef9d685979d264547f0b57b593fda9197b795982b263f8200fd62f55abe9c", "meanings": [ "报道", "报答" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新聞が事故を報じた。", "zh": "报纸报道了事故。" }, { "ja": "彼は先生の恩に報じた。", "zh": "他报答了老师的恩情。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ba25c582aa", "JMdict ent_seq 1515660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2bdb1a2a90d5e46d7cba6e210c11352fca49ac839734f592853a17a2bdecdb90" } }, { "id": "3356356fb8", "word": "紡績", "reading": "ぼうせき", "romaji": "bouseki", "meanings": [ "spinning" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1519930, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は工場で紡績に従事した。", "en": "She worked in textile spinning at the factory." }, { "ja": "この地域では紡績業が盛んだ。", "en": "The spinning industry thrives in this region." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f7158e54039872ea6fd1155af1c0d96ab3be48c25710e259ac148d0b40cd27cc", "meanings": [ "纺纱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は工場で紡績に従事した。", "zh": "她在工厂从事纺纱。" }, { "ja": "この地域では紡績業が盛んだ。", "zh": "这个地区的纺纱业很兴盛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3356356fb8", "JMdict ent_seq 1519930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "523c77e3098fd226aad385f4745f6db792e84e70e668046edd199fa98f245c45" } }, { "id": "b55c78d275", "word": "呆然", "reading": "ぼうぜん", "romaji": "bouzen", "meanings": [ "dumbfounded", "overcome with surprise", "in blank amazement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-t", "adv-to" ], "jmdict_id": 1515610, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は悲嘆に暮れてぼう然としていた。", "en": "He was blind with sorrow.", "tatoeba_id": 100770 }, { "ja": "子供は幽霊を見ているかのように私をぼう然と見つめた。", "en": "The child gaped at me as though he were seeing a ghost.", "tatoeba_id": 168497 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "df91ba9fedca5b05c90d86e6221e89135a6edbab07c37a93faee751e643a430e", "meanings": [ "茫然" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は悲嘆に暮れてぼう然としていた。", "zh": "他沉浸在悲伤中，茫然不知所措。" }, { "ja": "子供は幽霊を見ているかのように私をぼう然と見つめた。", "zh": "孩子茫然地盯着我，仿佛看见了幽灵。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b55c78d275", "JMdict ent_seq 1515610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9d0f3a52d41e5f7766fc8fdc9f122c809c242974ca7eddcd04e631b2492e3289" } }, { "id": "5eb4b23381", "word": "放置", "reading": "ほうち", "romaji": "houchi", "meanings": [ "leave as is", "leave to chance", "leave alone", "neglect" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1516780, "examples": [ { "ja": "雨の中に放置しておくと自転車はさびるでしょう。", "furigana": "{雨|あめ}の{中|なか}に{放置|ほうち}しておくと{自転車|じてんしゃ}はさびるでしょう。", "en": "A bicycle will rust if you leave it in the rain.", "tatoeba_id": 189574 }, { "ja": "少女たちは縛り上げられて地下室に放置された。", "furigana": "{少女|しょうじょ}たちは{縛|しば}り{上|あ}げられて{地下室|ちかしつ}に{放置|ほうち}された。", "en": "The girls were trussed up and left in a cellar.", "tatoeba_id": 146726 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a68545a5f182c8bc4a23a30d8d24d22f38161962a2c73b088468c57849475675", "meanings": [ "放置", "置之不理" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "雨の中に放置しておくと自転車はさびるでしょう。", "zh": "把自行车放在雨里会生锈。" }, { "ja": "少女たちは縛り上げられて地下室に放置された。", "zh": "女孩们被绑起来，丢在地下室。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5eb4b23381", "JMdict ent_seq 1516780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "07ca52ebdd27cabe7cf05af6401095b326cfaaeb6766ca3abf0b82bf5c050f2c" } }, { "id": "7c8cd24ffc", "word": "膨脹", "reading": "ぼうちょう", "romaji": "bouchou", "meanings": [ "expansion", "swelling", "increase", "growth" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1520010, "examples": [ { "ja": "熱はたいていの物を膨張させる。", "furigana": "{熱|ねつ}はたいていの{物|もの}を{膨張|ぼうちょう}させる。", "en": "Heat expands most things.", "tatoeba_id": 121889 }, { "ja": "多くの天文学者は、宇宙は永遠に膨張してゆくものだと考えている。", "en": "Many astronomers assume that the universe expands infinitely.", "tatoeba_id": 138315 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7b1b12fb84721daed7e1a75eecdede57a99d1f3029949650c21c12115170939e", "meanings": [ "膨胀" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "熱はたいていの物を膨張させる。", "zh": "热使大多数物体膨胀。" }, { "ja": "多くの天文学者は、宇宙は永遠に膨張してゆくものだと考えている。", "zh": "许多天文学家认为宇宙会永远膨胀。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7c8cd24ffc", "JMdict ent_seq 1520010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "be432046d524453b989631660e8a7f8daec8fdf4a7973252110caa0da6f36762" } }, { "id": "d20d61f6b7", "word": "法廷", "reading": "ほうてい", "romaji": "houtei", "meanings": [ "courtroom" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1517400, "examples": [ { "ja": "法廷は彼を死刑に処した。", "en": "The court sentenced him to death.", "tatoeba_id": 82677 }, { "ja": "法廷は彼に有罪の判決を下した。", "furigana": "{法廷|ほうてい}は{彼|かれ}に{有罪|ゆうざい}の{判決|はんけつ}を{下|くだ}した。", "en": "The court judged him guilty.", "tatoeba_id": 82679 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "42b9124bcbe434f75548c8e8839d1b1896b7adf4e8362a2143eed61712dd7ff1", "meanings": [ "法庭" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "法廷は彼を死刑に処した。", "zh": "法庭判他死刑。" }, { "ja": "法廷は彼に有罪の判決を下した。", "zh": "法庭判他有罪。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d20d61f6b7", "JMdict ent_seq 1517400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e3191711c73da4714065563ff58ce8966b510391897018626ed530849258c8c0" } }, { "id": "0214a293b8", "word": "報道", "reading": "ほうどう", "romaji": "houdou", "meanings": [ "information", "report" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1515730, "examples": [ { "ja": "人々はこの報道を真実だと思っている。", "furigana": "{人々|ひとびと}はこの{報道|ほうどう}を{真実|しんじつ}だと{思|おも}っている。", "en": "People believe this report to be true.", "tatoeba_id": 144152 }, { "ja": "新聞はその政治家の死を報道した。", "furigana": "{新聞|しんぶん}はその{政治家|せいじか}の{死|し}を{報道|ほうどう}した。", "en": "The newspaper reported the death of the statesman.", "tatoeba_id": 145138 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b603fb6a29f22a4bb7a5b16c06cbef008bdfa51161f227300b6b43e45ba33698", "meanings": [ "报道" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人々はこの報道を真実だと思っている。", "zh": "人们认为这则报道是真的。" }, { "ja": "新聞はその政治家の死を報道した。", "zh": "报纸报道了那位政治家的死讯。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0214a293b8", "JMdict ent_seq 1515730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "79411edcacbe3d140bda3d8a4c33a4f37f361b4067a758889fcfece402675af5" } }, { "id": "2967145e45", "word": "冒頭", "reading": "ぼうとう", "romaji": "boutou", "meanings": [ "beginning", "start", "outset" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1519860, "examples": [ { "ja": "残っているのは冒頭の部分だけであった。", "furigana": "{残|のこ}っているのは{冒頭|ぼうとう}の{部分|ぶぶん}だけであった。", "en": "All that was left was the opening.", "tatoeba_id": 169295 }, { "ja": "彼はほんの冒頭部分を書き終えた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はほんの{冒頭|ぼうとう}{部分|ぶぶん}を{書|か}き{終|お}えた。", "en": "He finished the opening.", "tatoeba_id": 110900 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "09a8cac8b296a4df333a3f3ab7a664f969cc5467525d9bc05a2e2e7b20ef8f8d", "meanings": [ "开头" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "残っているのは冒頭の部分だけであった。", "zh": "只剩下开头部分了。" }, { "ja": "彼はほんの冒頭部分を書き終えた。", "zh": "他刚写完开头部分。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2967145e45", "JMdict ent_seq 1519860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6409be127ee1185e3ea4132c3ac45e8ea18e028ce893fecf29dab43e3cdf6b0c" } }, { "id": "4e4240a247", "word": "暴動", "reading": "ぼうどう", "romaji": "boudou", "meanings": [ "insurrection", "rebellion", "revolt", "riot", "uprising" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1519520, "examples": [ { "ja": "暴動は彼の扇動によって起こった。", "furigana": "{暴動|ぼうどう}は{彼|かれ}の{扇動|せんどう}によって{起|お}こった。", "en": "He instigated the riot.", "tatoeba_id": 82509 }, { "ja": "暴動の噂が広まっていた。", "furigana": "{暴動|ぼうどう}の{噂|うわさ}が{広|ひろ}まっていた。", "en": "Rumor of a riot was in the air.", "tatoeba_id": 82514 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f10037667afab302db6776909ee1e9e7e66482ff8f3b3784a04d5ce8e5a0ebd8", "meanings": [ "暴动" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "暴動は彼の扇動によって起こった。", "zh": "暴动由他的煽动引起。" }, { "ja": "暴動の噂が広まっていた。", "zh": "暴动的传闻传开了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4e4240a247", "JMdict ent_seq 1519520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "76ea5121bc90ed8132357211a7ce540fa5193e21e2ff49c7b9c5dba78da2301e" } }, { "id": "966b77c0d5", "word": "褒美", "reading": "ほうび", "romaji": "houbi", "meanings": [ "reward", "prize" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1518050, "examples": [ { "ja": "自然界には褒美もなければ罰もない。", "furigana": "{自然界|しぜんかい}には{褒美|ほうび}もなければ{罰|ばつ}もない。", "en": "In nature there are neither rewards nor punishments.", "tatoeba_id": 150093 }, { "ja": "彼女は彼を責めるどころか、彼に褒美をあげた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{彼|かれ}を{責|せ}めるどころか、{彼|かれ}に{褒美|ほうび}をあげた。", "en": "Far from blaming him, she gave him a reward.", "tatoeba_id": 87199 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "341e9e70e35f960ba09056415e8e30ee1845b39efe3b8b84d62c2639354ea88a", "meanings": [ "奖赏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "自然界には褒美もなければ罰もない。", "zh": "自然界没有奖赏也没有惩罚。" }, { "ja": "彼女は彼を責めるどころか、彼に褒美をあげた。", "zh": "她不但没责备他，反而奖励了他。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/966b77c0d5", "JMdict ent_seq 1518050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "69cedec73e199004c1b2c70bead0aa48b09dea7158eb06319336e4461ecca209" } }, { "id": "8f2f3b69ad", "word": "暴風", "reading": "ぼうふう", "romaji": "boufuu", "meanings": [ "storm", "windstorm", "gale" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1519540, "examples": [ { "ja": "その家は暴風の為に屋根を剥ぎ取られた。", "furigana": "その{家|いえ}は{暴風|ぼうふう}の{為|ため}に{屋根|やね}を{剥|は}ぎ{取|と}られた。", "en": "The house had its roof ripped off by the storm.", "tatoeba_id": 212048 }, { "ja": "暴風で私たちの家が倒された。", "furigana": "{暴風|ぼうふう}で{私|わたし}たちの{家|いえ}が{倒|たお}された。", "en": "We had our house blown down by the storm.", "tatoeba_id": 82505 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "54beeef937746a6829d5515e81ae37ec30666414f706aa71f2dd87622f2f62c0", "meanings": [ "暴风" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その家は暴風の為に屋根を剥ぎ取られた。", "zh": "房子的屋顶被暴风掀掉了。" }, { "ja": "暴風で私たちの家が倒された。", "zh": "暴风吹倒了我们的房子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8f2f3b69ad", "JMdict ent_seq 1519540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "21ae7e1044207197e16fc6612e940665ce911f35fb6068342c4d53a5d80af905" } }, { "id": "c103994f0c", "word": "葬る", "reading": "ほうむる", "romaji": "houmuru", "meanings": [ "to bury", "to inter", "to entomb", "to consign to oblivion", "to shelve" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1402130, "examples": [ { "ja": "これがブレークの葬られている教会です。", "furigana": "これがブレークの{葬|ほうむ}られている{教会|きょうかい}です。", "en": "This is the church where Blake is buried.", "tatoeba_id": 218984 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f28683e78df92780d728d1cf3958e276f22dc8eb1cf7cfd2fc8c9deedd3c3717", "meanings": [ "埋葬", "搁置" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これがブレークの葬られている教会です。", "zh": "这就是布莱克安葬的教堂。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c103994f0c", "JMdict ent_seq 1402130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "95d398c49b177a3557695eaade8d9e139ba57eb146af1cab367e2f7985aac8a2" } }, { "id": "29f6f83ec8", "word": "放り込む", "reading": "ほうりこむ", "romaji": "hourikomu", "meanings": [ "to throw into" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1516500, "examples": [ { "ja": "口いっぱいに物を放り込んで話をするのは無作法だ。", "furigana": "{口|くち}いっぱいに{物|もの}を{放|ほう}り{込|こ}んで{話|はなし}をするのは{無作法|ぶさほう}だ。", "en": "It is rude to talk when your mouth is full.", "tatoeba_id": 173955 }, { "ja": "彼女はなんでもかんでも引き出しにほうりこんだ。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はなんでもかんでも{引|ひ}き{出|だ}しにほうりこんだ。", "en": "She bundled everything into the drawers.", "tatoeba_id": 91836 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8b7091df0c80fd5fbfd20ba4adf27274797df0eed205cc07534814649bf4c135", "meanings": [ "扔进" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "口いっぱいに物を放り込んで話をするのは無作法だ。", "zh": "嘴里塞满东西说话是不礼貌的。" }, { "ja": "彼女はなんでもかんでも引き出しにほうりこんだ。", "zh": "她把所有东西都扔进抽屉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/29f6f83ec8", "JMdict ent_seq 1516500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8d587706a861fb403c3affda2334c6381b4f0e12bcbc07a84b088abbcaae2ba1" } }, { "id": "c3fd7b34c2", "word": "放り出す", "reading": "ほうりだす", "romaji": "houridasu", "meanings": [ "to throw out", "to fire", "to expel", "to give up", "to abandon", "to neglect" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1516510, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は家から放り出された。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{家|いえ}から{放|ほう}り{出|だ}された。", "en": "He got thrown out of the house.", "tatoeba_id": 109302 }, { "ja": "彼はその問題を頭の中から放り出した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{問題|もんだい}を{頭|あたま}の{中|なか}から{放|ほう}り{出|だ}した。", "en": "He cast off the problem from his mind.", "tatoeba_id": 112326 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ffe3b78508230988d3c1acfde78daf8bbcda33243e4fc1f2d69390927cf389e0", "meanings": [ "扔出", "放弃" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は家から放り出された。", "zh": "他被赶出了家门。" }, { "ja": "彼はその問題を頭の中から放り出した。", "zh": "他把那个问题抛在脑后。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c3fd7b34c2", "JMdict ent_seq 1516510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a1ac6b1ff23d3af18e66ea4a40f7f2d7237f437a495bef20f48c511bc93ccba5" } }, { "id": "add5c108a6", "word": "暴力", "reading": "ぼうりょく", "romaji": "bouryoku", "meanings": [ "violence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1519590, "examples": [ { "ja": "非暴力というのは私の信仰の第１条だ。", "en": "Non-violence is the first article of my faith.", "tatoeba_id": 85754 }, { "ja": "彼はすべての暴力に強く反対した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はすべての{暴力|ぼうりょく}に{強|つよ}く{反対|はんたい}した。", "en": "He was strongly against all violence.", "tatoeba_id": 113327 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a5157c2196ba8b47e3437dca7ad32feeea79aff01473d8679c478c37ffae90d2", "meanings": [ "暴力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "非暴力というのは私の信仰の第１条だ。", "zh": "非暴力是我信仰的第一条。" }, { "ja": "彼はすべての暴力に強く反対した。", "zh": "他强烈反对一切暴力。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/add5c108a6", "JMdict ent_seq 1519590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a4eb5005f400d3232dffc5f851a6d67fc523dfdf4655c8269313c61bc6667a71" } }, { "id": "91965451e5", "word": "飽和", "reading": "ほうわ", "romaji": "houwa", "meanings": [ "saturation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1518350, "examples": [ { "ja": "溶液が飽和状態に達した。", "en": "The solution reached saturation." }, { "ja": "市場はすでに飽和している。", "en": "The market is already saturated." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "065245159ebc4cab35f9f800608989b6f7c91caaea55578e0137bd2f40a865ce", "meanings": [ "饱和" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "溶液が飽和状態に達した。", "zh": "溶液达到了饱和状态。" }, { "ja": "市場はすでに飽和している。", "zh": "市场已经饱和。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/91965451e5", "JMdict ent_seq 1518350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6b448d34c2e93bf345ae6b27a34766e06b42e3b212015baefa86ee20b953a7e9" } }, { "id": "d1ca85869d", "word": "ホース", "reading": "ホース", "romaji": "hoosu", "meanings": [ "hose" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1121630, "examples": [ { "ja": "ホースで花に水をやってください。", "en": "Please water the flowers with a hose." }, { "ja": "ホースの中を水が流れている。", "en": "Water is flowing through the hose." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c2958efca9390a544b5d8c05776014edb2e3c321ea834b7b811256001aac03d9", "meanings": [ "软管" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ホースで花に水をやってください。", "zh": "请用软管浇花。" }, { "ja": "ホースの中を水が流れている。", "zh": "软管里流着水。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d1ca85869d", "JMdict ent_seq 1121630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cb8ecc89141102b471f1772857208659c10cfdc36d00682d74ed53155586d11d" } }, { "id": "d545dfb4f1", "word": "ポーズ", "reading": "ポーズ", "romaji": "poozu", "meanings": [ "pause" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2858735, "examples": [ { "ja": "話し手は少しポーズを置いた。", "en": "The speaker paused briefly." }, { "ja": "ここには短いポーズがある。", "en": "There is a short pause here." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fb16a5c99654b810abbb69261332fd4f66f13908792573c2fdb8d046cb6574e7", "meanings": [ "暂停" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "話し手は少しポーズを置いた。", "zh": "演讲者暂停了一会儿。" }, { "ja": "ここには短いポーズがある。", "zh": "这里有短暂的停顿。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d545dfb4f1", "JMdict ent_seq 2858735; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b34cde0ffa9b86d4698727a73448c2fa9705f4b741be232823fa279af65f3ec6" } }, { "id": "2352843605", "word": "ホール", "reading": "ホール", "romaji": "hooru", "meanings": [ "hall" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1122130, "examples": [ { "ja": "会議はホールで開かれた。", "en": "The meeting was held in the hall." }, { "ja": "ホールに多くの人が集まった。", "en": "Many people gathered in the hall." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "aa16d3535ef38d34f9c05cd513763e5f60201cf0d167e053ca10fd9b13f9c84a", "meanings": [ "大厅" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "会議はホールで開かれた。", "zh": "会议在大厅举行。" }, { "ja": "ホールに多くの人が集まった。", "zh": "大厅里聚集了很多人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2352843605", "JMdict ent_seq 1122130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bd70be5b91c28d3fc88a94179c154b232a356894457a9b1c27e079663f7e9889" } }, { "id": "d65feae548", "word": "保温", "reading": "ほおん", "romaji": "hoon", "meanings": [ "retaining warmth", "keeping heat in", "heat insulation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1513310, "examples": [ { "ja": "USBバスパワーで暖かい飲み物の入ったカップを保温しておくという製品が発売された。", "en": "A product has been launched that uses the power from the USB to keep hot drinks warm.", "tatoeba_id": 483739 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bc32ca39aefbc7e1910afbdd26c3700e1484e7b04fae1e55de4146b452bf7315", "meanings": [ "保温" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "USBバスパワーで暖かい飲み物の入ったカップを保温しておくという製品が発売された。", "zh": "一种用USB供电为热饮杯保温的产品上市了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d65feae548", "JMdict ent_seq 1513310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e09c4328b88d269b8574e27fbe9cc45fff76f69e61c9fe7b555d13b3c44e15a9" } }, { "id": "c161ba7230", "word": "捕獲", "reading": "ほかく", "romaji": "hokaku", "meanings": [ "capture", "seizure" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1514160, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは、昨日、森に行き、２頭の鹿を捕獲した。", "en": "We went hunting in the forest and caught two deer yesterday.", "tatoeba_id": 166746 }, { "ja": "傷むのを防ぐために、遠海で捕獲した魚は直ちに冷却される。", "en": "To avoid spoiling, fish caught far out at sea are immediately cooled or even frozen.", "tatoeba_id": 147206 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0a0ca3972bbe95ac11585ee8040c5671635afcbd574b0a248bbd0d7263017b1d", "meanings": [ "捕获" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは、昨日、森に行き、２頭の鹿を捕獲した。", "zh": "我们昨天去森林捕获了两只鹿。" }, { "ja": "傷むのを防ぐために、遠海で捕獲した魚は直ちに冷却される。", "zh": "为了防止变质，远海捕获的鱼会立即冷却。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c161ba7230", "JMdict ent_seq 1514160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b3f0b02fb7b583fac9e437b8acc6c28740e9109aa315242b80d69dcb87fb8dd5" } }, { "id": "40373b9997", "word": "保管", "reading": "ほかん", "romaji": "hokan", "meanings": [ "charge", "custody", "safekeeping", "deposit", "storage" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1513320, "examples": [ { "ja": "領収書は必ず保管してください。", "furigana": "{領収書|りょうしゅうしょ}は{必|かなら}ず{保管|ほかん}してください。", "en": "Make sure you save the receipt.", "tatoeba_id": 77816 }, { "ja": "貴重品は銀行に保管してある。", "furigana": "{貴重品|きちょうひん}は{銀行|ぎんこう}に{保管|ほかん}してある。", "en": "The valuables are in the bank's safekeeping.", "tatoeba_id": 183029 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c74e0f3eccfb266d93140d9b08e9ad221917298f759368ea332a8e7949b598de", "meanings": [ "保管" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "領収書は必ず保管してください。", "zh": "请务必保管好收据。" }, { "ja": "貴重品は銀行に保管してある。", "zh": "贵重物品保管在银行。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/40373b9997", "JMdict ent_seq 1513320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5079290840456a0e5dacf5a1ebb7e83ec21c03e666dbd4c0529cb383de393cc0" } }, { "id": "6d956e7507", "word": "補給", "reading": "ほきゅう", "romaji": "hokyuu", "meanings": [ "supply", "supplying", "replenishment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1514510, "examples": [ { "ja": "この薬は活力を補給してくれます。", "furigana": "この{薬|くすり}は{活力|かつりょく}を{補給|ほきゅう}してくれます。", "en": "This medicine renews your strength.", "tatoeba_id": 219291 }, { "ja": "補給はまもなく不足するでしょう。", "furigana": "{補給|ほきゅう}はまもなく{不足|ふそく}するでしょう。", "en": "The supplies will give out soon.", "tatoeba_id": 83188 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fd1d6a66e1539b1222dd82314c9447d56cea71870968e77100031b0f5f4eca2e", "meanings": [ "补给" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この薬は活力を補給してくれます。", "zh": "这种药能补充活力。" }, { "ja": "補給はまもなく不足するでしょう。", "zh": "补给很快就会不足。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6d956e7507", "JMdict ent_seq 1514510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e0cc784e9d37df200f068bbc0cd9892a44b3ad38644d019a4508da8b69eeb407" } }, { "id": "faa9c24081", "word": "補強", "reading": "ほきょう", "romaji": "hokyou", "meanings": [ "compensation", "reinforcement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1514530, "examples": [ { "ja": "コンクリートは中に鋼鉄の棒を入れる事で補強される。", "furigana": "コンクリートは{中|なか}に{鋼鉄|こうてつ}の{棒|ぼう}を{入|い}れる{事|こと}で{補強|ほきょう}される。", "en": "Concrete can be reinforced by putting steel bars inside it.", "tatoeba_id": 217541 }, { "ja": "彼らは村を洪水から守るために堤防を補強した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{村|むら}を{洪水|こうずい}から{守|まも}るために{堤防|ていぼう}を{補強|ほきょう}した。", "en": "They strengthened the embankments to protect the village from flooding.", "tatoeba_id": 96638 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "591937aae40cad8801aeb4a8f3582cddf8cfbc68b4ed0edadc3fe0c871d1ce00", "meanings": [ "加固", "加强" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "コンクリートは中に鋼鉄の棒を入れる事で補強される。", "zh": "混凝土通过加入钢筋来加固。" }, { "ja": "彼らは村を洪水から守るために堤防を補強した。", "zh": "他们加固堤坝以保护村庄免受洪水侵袭。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/faa9c24081", "JMdict ent_seq 1514530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b902e647d528ede16815508e19d089a82173a2c27cb406d02d0d891f36fc07e1" } }, { "id": "8724bbab50", "word": "募金", "reading": "ぼきん", "romaji": "bokin", "meanings": [ "fund-raising", "collection of funds" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1514810, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は盲人のために募金をしている。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{盲人|もうじん}のために{募金|ぼきん}をしている。", "en": "She is collecting on behalf of the blind.", "tatoeba_id": 86542 }, { "ja": "彼らは慈善募金を始めた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{慈善|じぜん}{募金|ぼきん}を{始|はじ}めた。", "en": "They started a drive to raise a charity fund.", "tatoeba_id": 96948 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fe5d63bb25d13db50ac3fe8fd67276e2e948bb19d21b92de87612a4372be0b3e", "meanings": [ "募捐" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は盲人のために募金をしている。", "zh": "她为盲人募款。" }, { "ja": "彼らは慈善募金を始めた。", "zh": "他们开始了慈善募捐。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8724bbab50", "JMdict ent_seq 1514810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5492ac146794a796b870bcd663e98f128b8e8277bda8f382c74c5f6cfb0e4d9e" } }, { "id": "a07de51f3c", "word": "牧師", "reading": "ぼくし", "romaji": "bokushi", "meanings": [ "pastor", "minister", "clergyman" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1521770, "examples": [ { "ja": "１９６４年にキング牧師はノーベル平和賞を受賞した。", "furigana": "１９６４{年|ねん}にキング{牧師|ぼくし}はノーベル{平和賞|へいわしょう}を{受賞|じゅしょう}した。", "en": "In 1964, Rev. King won the Nobel Peace Prize.", "tatoeba_id": 235899 }, { "ja": "彼は牧師になる勉強をしている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{牧師|ぼくし}になる{勉強|べんきょう}をしている。", "en": "He is studying to be a minister.", "tatoeba_id": 99923 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6469429d698ede59ceddff638f467bb9f9d7997909c8346312580c63325dba1f", "meanings": [ "牧师" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "１９６４年にキング牧師はノーベル平和賞を受賞した。", "zh": "1964年金牧师获得了诺贝尔和平奖。" }, { "ja": "彼は牧師になる勉強をしている。", "zh": "他正在学习成为牧师。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a07de51f3c", "JMdict ent_seq 1521770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "139639db1d6a1e741691e3a823c9179f35127e4b84e173767386af24845e6c7e" } }, { "id": "8f3a807dad", "word": "捕鯨", "reading": "ほげい", "romaji": "hogei", "meanings": [ "whaling", "whale fishing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1514180, "examples": [ { "ja": "国際的批判に直面して捕鯨をやめた国がいくつかある。", "en": "Some countries have stopped whaling in the face of international criticism.", "tatoeba_id": 173051 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1ae35b5a4d8136430072c093f37a2ae31b47272c33b8d371b5f89ea8f35b2031", "meanings": [ "捕鲸" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "国際的批判に直面して捕鯨をやめた国がいくつかある。", "zh": "一些国家面对国际批评停止了捕鲸。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8f3a807dad", "JMdict ent_seq 1514180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1e97ca406add5c967249b3be6e154e91814ed0a100e0dfa1f9818d298d661907" } }, { "id": "2ad8eb39d1", "word": "保険", "reading": "ほけん", "romaji": "hoken", "meanings": [ "insurance", "guarantee" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1513440, "examples": [ { "ja": "この保険は何もかもカバーする。", "furigana": "この{保険|ほけん}は{何|なに}もかもカバーする。", "en": "This insurance covers everything.", "tatoeba_id": 219854 }, { "ja": "まさかの時のために彼は保険に加入した。", "furigana": "まさかの{時|とき}のために{彼|かれ}は{保険|ほけん}に{加入|かにゅう}した。", "en": "He insured himself for a rainy day.", "tatoeba_id": 195669 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1c718d6576db0c25f6920178d0ecd5c1a012b9ee43408f0899edafd03964f1bc", "meanings": [ "保险", "保障" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この保険は何もかもカバーする。", "zh": "这种保险什么都保。" }, { "ja": "まさかの時のために彼は保険に加入した。", "zh": "为了以防万一，他投保了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2ad8eb39d1", "JMdict ent_seq 1513440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "38933cdd351ee50a60b8f39692e437fe4ed94d9c4984c49069770821e7ef94a0" } }, { "id": "dffc76283b", "word": "保護", "reading": "ほご", "romaji": "hogo", "meanings": [ "care", "protection", "shelter", "guardianship", "favor", "patronage" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1513530, "examples": [ { "ja": "その子はおじの保護を受けている。", "furigana": "その{子|こ}はおじの{保護|ほご}を{受|う}けている。", "en": "He is in custody of his uncle.", "tatoeba_id": 210263 }, { "ja": "人類が環境を保護しなければ環境から人類は締め出されるだろう。", "furigana": "{人類|じんるい}が{環境|かんきょう}を{保護|ほご}しなければ{環境|かんきょう}から{人類|じんるい}は{締|し}め{出|だ}されるだろう。", "en": "If mankind doesn't take care of the environment, the environment may eliminate mankind.", "tatoeba_id": 143926 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "46a3912f65298b8a3eafad17d8c4cb9cffe9879f169d7fe1ffa9e2c10693bce9", "meanings": [ "保护" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その子はおじの保護を受けている。", "zh": "那个孩子受到叔叔的保护。" }, { "ja": "人類が環境を保護しなければ環境から人類は締め出されるだろう。", "zh": "如果人类不保护环境，就会被环境排斥。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dffc76283b", "JMdict ent_seq 1513530; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c8093d33b83e85c8ed98b576e79dff8f3dfcc330d816af008f083ec98c765a80" } }, { "id": "d414f6e1f3", "word": "母校", "reading": "ぼこう", "romaji": "bokou", "meanings": [ "alma mater" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1515040, "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは母校を訪れた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちは{母校|ぼこう}を{訪|おとず}れた。", "en": "We visited our old school.", "tatoeba_id": 165145 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3a55298560e1677389c923d39296c4373d2640d4031ed92724c0ed103968df80", "meanings": [ "母校" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私たちは母校を訪れた。", "zh": "我们访问了母校。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d414f6e1f3", "JMdict ent_seq 1515040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d1b31d5c15631d4d32efc04642b397839f229c4acaad527e929548ae43a92a11" } }, { "id": "41f92a40f2", "word": "誇る", "reading": "ほこる", "romaji": "hokoru", "meanings": [ "to boast of", "to be proud of" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1267760, "examples": [ { "ja": "あんなに長所が多いのに彼女は誇らなかった。", "furigana": "あんなに{長所|ちょうしょ}が{多|おお}いのに{彼女|かのじょ}は{誇|ほこ}らなかった。", "en": "With all her merits she was not proud.", "tatoeba_id": 229564 }, { "ja": "私には誇るべきものが何もない。", "en": "I have nothing to boast about.", "tatoeba_id": 191808 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c2b47d474164b7fb6c274934a566cb496a5fe51d6cea7bf19659e34c1e6649c4", "meanings": [ "自豪" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あんなに長所が多いのに彼女は誇らなかった。", "zh": "尽管有那么多优点，她也没有自夸。" }, { "ja": "私には誇るべきものが何もない。", "zh": "我没有什么值得自豪的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/41f92a40f2", "JMdict ent_seq 1267760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ca41c01fcd87896183bc685d3062b5f9a1a72683b895a770f48f49716afa6f84" } }, { "id": "b775abdd11", "word": "綻びる", "reading": "ほころびる", "romaji": "hokorobiru", "meanings": [ "to come apart at the seams", "to begin to open", "to smile broadly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1419000, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女のドレスのへりはほころびていた。", "en": "The border of her dress was torn.", "tatoeba_id": 94683 }, { "ja": "彼女の顔がほころびた。", "en": "Her face broke into a smile." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "637d70ae1baa7e762c55fc2c9cd36f6a0313ec10d6cb9f60adf6e8995a314c82", "meanings": [ "开线", "绽开" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女のドレスのへりはほころびていた。", "zh": "她裙子的边缘开线了。" }, { "ja": "彼女の顔がほころびた。", "zh": "她笑得眉开眼笑。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b775abdd11", "JMdict ent_seq 1419000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "95518f9d1428e1c079781156eefbb9cd00f2c518f7134072ef08670bc6caf07a" } }, { "id": "0556bb5bbe", "word": "ポジション", "reading": "ポジション", "romaji": "pojishon", "meanings": [ "position" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1125060, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はポジションを変えた。", "en": "He changed position." }, { "ja": "彼女は重要なポジションを得た。", "en": "She obtained an important position." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ebf27d073f3fc80a2458229b0aa3ab7ab8ae64be247748a4e3644595ab9a5958", "meanings": [ "位置", "职位" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はポジションを変えた。", "zh": "他改变了位置。" }, { "ja": "彼女は重要なポジションを得た。", "zh": "她获得了重要职位。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0556bb5bbe", "JMdict ent_seq 1125060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a0150302b36b06e70387e4fb118fdb3f74226e44c1ea42cd26102f6c8cd95531" } }, { "id": "a81b409958", "word": "干し物", "reading": "ほしもの", "romaji": "hoshimono", "meanings": [ "dried washing (clothes)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1210150, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は干し物を取り込んだ。", "en": "She brought in the laundry." }, { "ja": "干し物が風に揺れている。", "en": "The drying laundry sways in the wind." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "858216ca265fb87247287984387d3eeef212331a65eec295a2283ea002e5df5c", "meanings": [ "晾晒物" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は干し物を取り込んだ。", "zh": "她收回了晾晒的衣服。" }, { "ja": "干し物が風に揺れている。", "zh": "晾晒的衣服在风中摇动。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a81b409958", "JMdict ent_seq 1210150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6bc97ec4ac8a635edd1511a0d578962d304e6f2f4bdf6816c8de17280ad84027" } }, { "id": "1e8904b5b7", "word": "保守", "reading": "ほしゅ", "romaji": "hoshu", "meanings": [ "conservative", "maintaining" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1513750, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は保守寄りだ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{保守|ほしゅ}{寄|よ}りだ。", "en": "He is conservative to a degree.", "tatoeba_id": 100093 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ff592ac5ce8bd186ccece33031fffa7206584bca87efe5ad01c709e6cc16ef69", "meanings": [ "保守", "维护" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は保守寄りだ。", "zh": "他倾向保守。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1e8904b5b7", "JMdict ent_seq 1513750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0c040e9f921c0909d8f0299b1c63019e056a622e7230246112fc1fd4c049a607" } }, { "id": "f8c0cfc076", "word": "補充", "reading": "ほじゅう", "romaji": "hojuu", "meanings": [ "supplementation", "supplement", "replenishment", "replenishing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1514580, "examples": [ { "ja": "空所を補充せよ。", "furigana": "{空所|くうしょ}を{補充|ほじゅう}せよ。", "en": "Fill in the blanks.", "tatoeba_id": 179321 }, { "ja": "用紙を補充しなければならない。", "furigana": "{用紙|ようし}を{補充|ほじゅう}しなければならない。", "en": "We must have a new supply of forms.", "tatoeba_id": 78858 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6fc20239a252564821d09fa68a5d7b6236ec7f67b141db4e71afc90a6f479482", "meanings": [ "补充" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "空所を補充せよ。", "zh": "把空格补上。" }, { "ja": "用紙を補充しなければならない。", "zh": "必须补充纸张。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f8c0cfc076", "JMdict ent_seq 1514580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6a11daad1d4e8ac632db676b9a1ff5299c6c81b56078d432b97c02222396450b" } }, { "id": "8932970695", "word": "補助", "reading": "ほじょ", "romaji": "hojo", "meanings": [ "assistance", "support", "aid", "auxiliary" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1514590, "examples": [ { "ja": "その飛行機は補助ロケットを使って離陸した。", "furigana": "その{飛行機|ひこうき}は{補助|ほじょ}ロケットを{使|つか}って{離陸|りりく}した。", "en": "The airplane used a rocket motor to assist with takeoff.", "tatoeba_id": 207097 }, { "ja": "あなたの寄附は小児病院を建設する補助として、大いに役立つでしょう。", "en": "Your gift will go far towards helping to build the children's hospital.", "tatoeba_id": 233395 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5b5541c7eacea089157d515b09c327dc06f93fbcecb8422b69c3d5593dc5361e", "meanings": [ "辅助", "补助" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その飛行機は補助ロケットを使って離陸した。", "zh": "那架飞机使用辅助火箭起飞。" }, { "ja": "あなたの寄附は小児病院を建設する補助として、大いに役立つでしょう。", "zh": "您的捐款将对建设儿童医院有很大帮助。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8932970695", "JMdict ent_seq 1514590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e9a304a383659fe5dc86a194fc7e72b78f8a5582ad4be2bf9b7f8849dfa4ac9d" } }, { "id": "65fc20eed5", "word": "保障", "reading": "ほしょう", "romaji": "hoshou", "meanings": [ "guarantee", "security", "assurance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1603500, "examples": [ { "ja": "法律は基本的な権利を保障する。", "en": "The law guarantees fundamental rights." }, { "ja": "この制度は生活を保障する。", "en": "This system provides security for people’s livelihoods." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7cd8b092a70ea0245e3e94b09e63de9267b3426eede0539cc7afadbaec8678bb", "meanings": [ "保障" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "法律は基本的な権利を保障する。", "zh": "法律保障基本权利。" }, { "ja": "この制度は生活を保障する。", "zh": "这项制度保障生活。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/65fc20eed5", "JMdict ent_seq 1603500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "保障常用于权利、生活等安全；保证商品或真伪常写保証。", "review_hash": "180cc6837479dab36e3760e6cb3f01f46e0e1527d651500e9f6cd794dfcfa2c7" } }, { "id": "800e05bcf1", "word": "補償", "reading": "ほしょう", "romaji": "hoshou", "meanings": [ "compensation", "reparation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1514650, "examples": [ { "ja": "政府は損害を補償しなければならなかった。", "furigana": "{政府|せいふ}は{損害|そんがい}を{補償|ほしょう}しなければならなかった。", "en": "The government had to make up for the loss.", "tatoeba_id": 143130 }, { "ja": "彼はお金でその事故の補償をした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はお{金|かね}でその{事故|じこ}の{補償|ほしょう}をした。", "en": "He compensated me for the accident with money.", "tatoeba_id": 114222 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cb5e782b222dc6cc01f7e2253e4b0639a01ec7da5c5b4bb7b168c9e684ef9938", "meanings": [ "补偿" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "政府は損害を補償しなければならなかった。", "zh": "政府不得不赔偿损失。" }, { "ja": "彼はお金でその事故の補償をした。", "zh": "他用钱赔偿了那场事故。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/800e05bcf1", "JMdict ent_seq 1514650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "91411326ef0c5ba28ca4de9376612e58b352a0600cb58b62e46cdaaecfa8a28c" } }, { "id": "73edd67700", "word": "舗装", "reading": "ほそう", "romaji": "hosou", "meanings": [ "pavement", "road surface" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1514070, "examples": [ { "ja": "その通りはアスファルトで舗装されている。", "furigana": "その{通|とお}りはアスファルトで{舗装|ほそう}されている。", "en": "The street is paved with asphalt.", "tatoeba_id": 207731 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f42c83039f4e9819a5b591a28c2585eaca043aab8e62c2d6c31ef10e254091a3", "meanings": [ "铺路" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その通りはアスファルトで舗装されている。", "zh": "那条街铺了沥青。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/73edd67700", "JMdict ent_seq 1514070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a8117b19741e8515e72c985a68bc019c36605859d270d6eacd5f98835d744968" } }, { "id": "d5de1db218", "word": "補足", "reading": "ほそく", "romaji": "hosoku", "meanings": [ "supplement", "complement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1514700, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の説明に何か補足することがありますか。", "en": "Do you have anything to add to his explanation?", "tatoeba_id": 116668 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b85d5a03697f4fc17029d4757535cc8c12db46e082d562a3409184325226409f", "meanings": [ "补充" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の説明に何か補足することがありますか。", "zh": "对他的说明还有什么要补充的吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d5de1db218", "JMdict ent_seq 1514700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d6bb297a00aef00eba268ef29fc8e00905828ab9ef81165cc975f20e2ae97c07" } }, { "id": "d5c389a11d", "word": "墓地", "reading": "ぼち", "romaji": "bochi", "meanings": [ "cemetery", "graveyard" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1584040, "other_readings": [ "はかち" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はこの墓地に埋葬されている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はこの{墓地|ぼち}に{埋葬|まいそう}されている。", "en": "He was buried in this graveyard.", "tatoeba_id": 113711 }, { "ja": "彼らは彼を教会の近くの墓地に埋葬した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{彼|かれ}を{教会|きょうかい}の{近|ちか}くの{墓地|ぼち}に{埋葬|まいそう}した。", "en": "They buried him in the graveyard by the church.", "tatoeba_id": 96297 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "180dc2c23d1ea77ea329c6fc6e2071efb4a2777f7b01de376802511eff7f4488", "meanings": [ "墓地" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はこの墓地に埋葬されている。", "zh": "他葬在这片墓地里。" }, { "ja": "彼らは彼を教会の近くの墓地に埋葬した。", "zh": "他们把他埋在教堂附近的墓地。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d5c389a11d", "JMdict ent_seq 1584040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f7342d0556a4e7f96b1f1220a05faaba518c17571e5f0dc22b3181a4c15a0aa4" } }, { "id": "10d587dd95", "word": "発作", "reading": "ほっさ", "romaji": "hossa", "meanings": [ "fit", "spasm" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1477470, "examples": [ { "ja": "狭心症の発作が起きました。", "furigana": "{狭心症|きょうしんしょう}の{発作|ほっさ}が{起|お}きました。", "en": "I had an angina attack.", "tatoeba_id": 180096 }, { "ja": "彼は突然せきの発作に襲われる。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{突然|とつぜん}せきの{発作|ほっさ}に{襲|おそ}われる。", "en": "He suffers from sudden fits of coughing.", "tatoeba_id": 101581 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "37b96b69092c0c2d134ea4a009e11dfda849c41e70d5c1484a6fbc90e3871358", "meanings": [ "发作" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "狭心症の発作が起きました。", "zh": "心绞痛发作了。" }, { "ja": "彼は突然せきの発作に襲われる。", "zh": "他突然一阵咳嗽发作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/10d587dd95", "JMdict ent_seq 1477470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "04cf39bacbdb76f61d08b9415e9626fbaf552cbaeb9d9bbb94a9e96a34679ee0" } }, { "id": "f907fc3a9b", "word": "没収", "reading": "ぼっしゅう", "romaji": "bosshuu", "meanings": [ "forfeited" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1521990, "examples": [ { "ja": "兵隊たちは彼らが征服した人々から食物を没収した。", "furigana": "{兵隊|へいたい}たちは{彼|かれ}らが{征服|せいふく}した{人々|ひとびと}から{食物|しょくもつ}を{没収|ぼっしゅう}した。", "en": "The soldiers seized food from the people they conquered.", "tatoeba_id": 83581 }, { "ja": "休み中に置き勉してると没収されるんだよな。", "furigana": "{休|やす}み{中|ちゅう}に{置|お}き{勉|べん}してると{没収|ぼっしゅう}されるんだよな。", "en": "If you leave your textbooks at school during the break, they'll get confiscated.", "tatoeba_id": 76240 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "10bbee67065bf8d032adedd4996157ad8f1ace2c1671186b0d60d5f5cc6944c8", "meanings": [ "没收" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "兵隊たちは彼らが征服した人々から食物を没収した。", "zh": "士兵们从被征服的人那里没收食物。" }, { "ja": "休み中に置き勉してると没収されるんだよな。", "zh": "假期把学习用品留在学校会被没收。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f907fc3a9b", "JMdict ent_seq 1521990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f76b7d42341e9ba97921cfe56b5caba3134bbb89b919526129846becfcb0e113" } }, { "id": "5dd2205042", "word": "発足", "reading": "ほっそく", "romaji": "hossoku", "meanings": [ "starting", "inauguration" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1583130, "other_readings": [ "はっそく" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい委員会が発足した。", "en": "A new committee was launched." }, { "ja": "この団体は昨年発足した。", "en": "This organization was inaugurated last year." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6f7b695e1b66c3caeffe92751853ed3196f5e46e08e46d1697ada485a5da69ec", "meanings": [ "成立", "启动" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい委員会が発足した。", "zh": "新的委员会成立了。" }, { "ja": "この団体は昨年発足した。", "zh": "这个组织于去年成立。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5dd2205042", "JMdict ent_seq 1583130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fa426e070e704b274e09c32adb37f952810364898ada50647f44a4ba27adf732" } }, { "id": "633a98a624", "word": "ほっと", "reading": "ほっと", "romaji": "hotto", "meanings": [ "feel relieved" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1011660, "examples": [ { "ja": "老婆はほっと息をついてにっこり笑った。", "furigana": "{老婆|ろうば}はほっと{息|いき}をついてにっこり{笑|わら}った。", "en": "The old woman smiled with a sigh of relief.", "tatoeba_id": 77256 }, { "ja": "とにかく、試験が終わってほっとしたよ。", "furigana": "とにかく、{試験|しけん}が{終|お}わってほっとしたよ。", "en": "Anyhow, I'm relieved the test is over.", "tatoeba_id": 200472 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "70d52a33475bd7fc56c7756c5f0b97c1236bf9b3807c493921ce17126595f846", "meanings": [ "松一口气" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "老婆はほっと息をついてにっこり笑った。", "zh": "老妇人松了口气，微笑了。" }, { "ja": "とにかく、試験が終わってほっとしたよ。", "zh": "总之，考试结束了，我松了一口气。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/633a98a624", "JMdict ent_seq 1011660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9c7659be45d6feaf3726b1fd4ed1e5f9ef9d8072134ce98a913b6be618101b0b" } }, { "id": "536520ea92", "word": "ポット", "reading": "ポット", "romaji": "potto", "meanings": [ "pot" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1125290, "examples": [ { "ja": "コーヒーがポットの中で泡立った。", "en": "The coffee bubbled in the pot.", "tatoeba_id": 224942 }, { "ja": "ポットにはあまり砂糖がなかった。", "furigana": "ポットにはあまり{砂糖|さとう}がなかった。", "en": "There wasn't much sugar in the pot.", "tatoeba_id": 196232 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2cbfb903fd1bf86e879ba8aebeb49d60a47cf3d59f7c24a7ce38693135b34038", "meanings": [ "壶", "罐" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "コーヒーがポットの中で泡立った。", "zh": "咖啡在壶里冒泡。" }, { "ja": "ポットにはあまり砂糖がなかった。", "zh": "罐里没有多少糖。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/536520ea92", "JMdict ent_seq 1125290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c419bdb19d6a2aaba06ce6c97968d526f057d407c0494008bc135c189761c72c" } }, { "id": "a94e911306", "word": "頬っぺた", "reading": "ほっぺた", "romaji": "hoppeta", "meanings": [ "cheek" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1520630, "examples": [ { "ja": "赤ん坊のほっぺたはビロードのような手触りがする。", "furigana": "{赤|あか}ん{坊|ぼう}のほっぺたはビロードのような{手触|てざわ}りがする。", "en": "Little babies' cheeks feel like velvet.", "tatoeba_id": 142203 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ec60b47d57a4f88e60f96d302b7f8e23c03d3aa3984cb2670453ba470a0c7724", "meanings": [ "脸颊" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "赤ん坊のほっぺたはビロードのような手触りがする。", "zh": "婴儿的脸颊摸起来像天鹅绒。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a94e911306", "JMdict ent_seq 1520630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "25dd63f2e2be49f22d61cc0b1e780f2a4116da5529af8214ca464c8baa573fc6" } }, { "id": "f196c171b6", "word": "ぼつぼつ", "reading": "ぼつぼつ", "romaji": "botsubotsu", "meanings": [ "gradually", "here and there", "spots", "pimples" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adv-to" ], "jmdict_id": 1011840, "examples": [ { "ja": "雨がぼつぼつ降り始めた。", "en": "Rain began to fall little by little." }, { "ja": "ぼつぼつ出かけよう。", "en": "It is about time to leave." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bf9288b4792d11688168e606aaa963cd40699c4c6c8bd214748b3c9c9d74fb86", "meanings": [ "渐渐", "零星" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "雨がぼつぼつ降り始めた。", "zh": "雨渐渐下起来了。" }, { "ja": "ぼつぼつ出かけよう。", "zh": "该差不多出发了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f196c171b6", "JMdict ent_seq 1011840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "90411c214552c322b12e11fdb130d18ffd9a32687cdc6be7e9b694aec59230fd" } }, { "id": "cf530cd84a", "word": "没落", "reading": "ぼつらく", "romaji": "botsuraku", "meanings": [ "ruin", "fall", "collapse" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1522040, "examples": [ { "ja": "商売でそんな失敗をしたらどんな会社でも没落する。", "furigana": "{商売|しょうばい}でそんな{失敗|しっぱい}をしたらどんな{会社|かいしゃ}でも{没落|ぼつらく}する。", "en": "Such a business failure would sink any company.", "tatoeba_id": 147134 }, { "ja": "欲の深さが彼を没落させた。", "furigana": "{欲|よく}の{深|ふか}さが{彼|かれ}を{没落|ぼつらく}させた。", "en": "His greed brought him low.", "tatoeba_id": 78767 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "52819dbd7c1e85d3fbb4cddb3bd4f40c6fd9ae8d8b91ceda061fb16811d92af7", "meanings": [ "没落" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "商売でそんな失敗をしたらどんな会社でも没落する。", "zh": "生意上发生那样的失败，任何公司都会没落。" }, { "ja": "欲の深さが彼を没落させた。", "zh": "贪欲使他没落了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cf530cd84a", "JMdict ent_seq 1522040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "df39b09be8b668eb8b616017fb0ea3b8cd06438f5a667d3e9b38ed2f0e1326c4" } }, { "id": "bedcbe87a3", "word": "施す", "reading": "ほどこす", "romaji": "hodokosu", "meanings": [ "to donate", "to give", "to conduct", "to apply", "to perform" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1310370, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は自分の王国に善政を施した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{自分|じぶん}の{王国|おうこく}に{善政|ぜんせい}を{施|ほどこ}した。", "en": "He ruled his kingdom fairly.", "tatoeba_id": 105053 }, { "ja": "己の欲するところを人に施せ。", "furigana": "{己|おのれ}の{欲|ほっ}するところを{人|ひと}に{施|ほどこ}せ。", "en": "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.", "tatoeba_id": 174558 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "669cc51d346d42a7a709e820dcb6205b3659ceae13d64eb015d6ba1b3ea4bef2", "meanings": [ "施加", "给予" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は自分の王国に善政を施した。", "zh": "他在王国实行善政。" }, { "ja": "己の欲するところを人に施せ。", "zh": "己所欲，施于人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bedcbe87a3", "JMdict ent_seq 1310370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "066df91619106506ab0ff35f1d8c4de1bbc257ad90c7b58470d7f2bcab0024a6" } }, { "id": "ce141a5e31", "word": "保母", "reading": "ほぼ", "romaji": "hobo", "meanings": [ "day care worker in a kindergarten nursery school etc." ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1603540, "examples": [ { "ja": "息子の保育園の保母さんにクレームをつけたいと思っています。", "en": "I'm thinking about complaining about my son's teacher at the kindergarten.", "tatoeba_id": 413547 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "19588016e3201538cc5c618be33d164ef2b0a8defcbf12a7361dd9aee3dad020", "meanings": [ "女保育员" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "息子の保育園の保母さんにクレームをつけたいと思っています。", "zh": "我想向儿子托儿所的保育员投诉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ce141a5e31", "JMdict ent_seq 1603540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "旧称女性保育人员；现代职业名称常用不限定性别的保育士。", "review_hash": "e26272c18f58576483a03360208c0aa77e662e4605b9ddd35a1a68719f377948" } }, { "id": "e80181aca1", "word": "ぼやく", "reading": "ぼやく", "romaji": "boyaku", "meanings": [ "to grumble", "to complain" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1011850, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は仕事が忙しいとぼやいた。", "en": "He grumbled that work was busy." }, { "ja": "彼女は天気が悪いとぼやいた。", "en": "She complained about the bad weather." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "456c5c496684a074c46485b10f4430015685958c06c331c9c03c8392a8fbab5a", "meanings": [ "抱怨" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は仕事が忙しいとぼやいた。", "zh": "他抱怨工作很忙。" }, { "ja": "彼女は天気が悪いとぼやいた。", "zh": "她小声抱怨天气不好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e80181aca1", "JMdict ent_seq 1011850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "06c00b0c3b6310d06234386c11c83e4a99eeaaf384e07fa129213e89c149a95f" } }, { "id": "ea5ad26c76", "word": "ぼやける", "reading": "ぼやける", "romaji": "boyakeru", "meanings": [ "to become dim", "to become blurred" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1011860, "examples": [ { "ja": "テレビの画像はぼやけて見えた。", "furigana": "テレビの{画像|がぞう}はぼやけて{見|み}えた。", "en": "The TV picture was blurred.", "tatoeba_id": 202003 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c0ba1fac1b863eaf1d8293d7738c292c3a4480a546ea8f13b755ee8531acce6d", "meanings": [ "模糊" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "テレビの画像はぼやけて見えた。", "zh": "电视画面看起来模糊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ea5ad26c76", "JMdict ent_seq 1011860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "002e8d5ac6bda4be75519d8c26d5f911381911b0fb428846cffbf7421ace9353" } }, { "id": "2d4100b55d", "word": "保養", "reading": "ほよう", "romaji": "hoyou", "meanings": [ "health preservation", "recuperation", "recreation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1514000, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は温泉で保養した。", "en": "She recuperated at a hot spring." }, { "ja": "医師は保養を勧めた。", "en": "The doctor recommended rest and recuperation." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a8c5d4c688a2b1fde6a096ae32dc58d1e9056c5ea938bc0003c4a3f9c25143f7", "meanings": [ "休养" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は温泉で保養した。", "zh": "她去温泉休养。" }, { "ja": "医師は保養を勧めた。", "zh": "医生建议他休养。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2d4100b55d", "JMdict ent_seq 1514000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7d2853fada5267712e7787b28a1218642cb8f6616113ef8cacc0e6a718471508" } }, { "id": "d31295f643", "word": "捕吏", "reading": "ほり", "romaji": "hori", "meanings": [ "constable" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1690070, "examples": [ { "ja": "捕吏は犯人を追った。", "en": "The constable pursued the criminal." }, { "ja": "捕吏が現場に駆けつけた。", "en": "A constable rushed to the scene." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d77f66810204457c5da41f2739f68f8d249653f66307698b7a4b72683e01afb0", "meanings": [ "捕役", "警察" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "捕吏は犯人を追った。", "zh": "捕役追捕了犯人。" }, { "ja": "捕吏が現場に駆けつけた。", "zh": "捕役赶到了现场。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d31295f643", "JMdict ent_seq 1690070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c8b67231461ff4571254baab1c368d1d7df4d4005efa1ee84db9bf8064bbfb5b" } }, { "id": "f7b704e228", "word": "捕虜", "reading": "ほりょ", "romaji": "horyo", "meanings": [ "prisoner (of war)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1514260, "examples": [ { "ja": "その捕虜には威厳があった。", "furigana": "その{捕虜|ほりょ}には{威厳|いげん}があった。", "en": "The prisoner of war bore himself with great dignity.", "tatoeba_id": 206810 }, { "ja": "将軍は捕虜全員の虐殺を命じた。", "furigana": "{将軍|しょうぐん}は{捕虜|ほりょ}{全員|ぜんいん}の{虐殺|ぎゃくさつ}を{命|めい}じた。", "en": "The general ordered the massacre of all war prisoners.", "tatoeba_id": 147092 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d8cc82f7e507e573d306ee89da73fdeeb4c6f6a1b2792d6e82fadb578d0c4866", "meanings": [ "俘虏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その捕虜には威厳があった。", "zh": "那个俘虏很有尊严。" }, { "ja": "将軍は捕虜全員の虐殺を命じた。", "zh": "将军下令屠杀所有俘虏。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f7b704e228", "JMdict ent_seq 1514260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "029a02dc45ec498267b4a720b4ac8c092543bbee0b82e76af45f5bafbd7e6fb9" } }, { "id": "f6ece0aafc", "word": "ボルト", "reading": "ボルト", "romaji": "boruto", "meanings": [ "volt" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1124390, "examples": [ { "ja": "電圧は百ボルトだ。", "en": "The voltage is one hundred volts." }, { "ja": "この電池は一点五ボルトです。", "en": "This battery is one point five volts." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f17c702ccb8aeb42329ece1d9a6a18561086289393451f7cf0ec354839723ede", "meanings": [ "伏特" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "電圧は百ボルトだ。", "zh": "电压是一百伏。" }, { "ja": "この電池は一点五ボルトです。", "zh": "电池电压为一点五伏。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f6ece0aafc", "JMdict ent_seq 1124390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "此词条为电压单位 volt；螺栓 bolt 是另一词源。", "review_hash": "d0515ae5c3e664365e60e95ed2e9fa030bff60096c5054423bfae39328d264fe" } }, { "id": "8abbf74882", "word": "滅びる", "reading": "ほろびる", "romaji": "horobiru", "meanings": [ "to be ruined", "to go under", "to perish", "to be destroyed" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1603610, "examples": [ { "ja": "肉体は滅びるが霊魂は不滅である。", "furigana": "{肉体|にくたい}は{滅|ほろ}びるが{霊魂|れいこん}は{不滅|ふめつ}である。", "en": "A man's body dies, but his soul is immortal.", "tatoeba_id": 122975 }, { "ja": "滅びに至る門は大きく、その道は広い。", "furigana": "{滅|ほろ}びに{至|いた}る{門|もん}は{大|おお}きく、その{道|みち}は{広|ひろ}い。", "en": "For the gate is wide and the way is easy, that leads to destruction.", "tatoeba_id": 80223 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e19981106e609e91b1d6726612938fb7d34dac9c4c318311da4d379cd3c67da8", "meanings": [ "灭亡", "毁灭" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "肉体は滅びるが霊魂は不滅である。", "zh": "肉体会消亡，但灵魂不灭。" }, { "ja": "滅びに至る門は大きく、その道は広い。", "zh": "通往毁灭的大门很大，道路很宽。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8abbf74882", "JMdict ent_seq 1603610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "94b218cee72cc108939f9ab899ef399e3dd10077ad880da3ad60a9d814332c0e" } }, { "id": "eaf04b47de", "word": "滅ぼす", "reading": "ほろぼす", "romaji": "horobosu", "meanings": [ "to destroy", "to overthrow", "to wreck", "to ruin" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1603620, "examples": [ { "ja": "核兵器はわが地球を滅ぼすと思う。", "furigana": "{核兵器|かくへいき}はわが{地球|ちきゅう}を{滅|ほろ}ぼすと{思|おも}う。", "en": "We think nuclear weapons will destroy our earth.", "tatoeba_id": 184597 }, { "ja": "多くの動物が人間によって滅ぼされた。", "furigana": "{多|おお}くの{動物|どうぶつ}が{人間|にんげん}によって{滅|ほろ}ぼされた。", "en": "Many animals have been destroyed by men.", "tatoeba_id": 138310 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "95ea49b6bc1a7a13e639fc27c327b34e8eac7d673fac45485abff24c877676de", "meanings": [ "毁灭" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "核兵器はわが地球を滅ぼすと思う。", "zh": "我认为核武器会毁灭地球。" }, { "ja": "多くの動物が人間によって滅ぼされた。", "zh": "许多动物被人类消灭了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/eaf04b47de", "JMdict ent_seq 1603620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5e9c87576a47a1b76bf3b6b425e2d065b7342ff2ceb78780d6c829899179daae" } }, { "id": "e482d02cda", "word": "本格", "reading": "ほんかく", "romaji": "honkaku", "meanings": [ "propriety", "fundamental rules" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-f" ], "jmdict_id": 1522310, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は本格の技法を学んだ。", "en": "She learned the original technique." }, { "ja": "本格の方法に従って作業してください。", "en": "Please work according to the original method." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ad9e8f9d68407cda74fde0e8dd75b6422c5e96544d8557990e49479641e8d7eb", "meanings": [ "正统方法", "本来做法" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は本格の技法を学んだ。", "zh": "她学习了正统的技法。" }, { "ja": "本格の方法に従って作業してください。", "zh": "请按照本来的方法操作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e482d02cda", "JMdict ent_seq 1522310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b77e64c56c0bf45ae7c590e855dbf87518e5ee0ed5d4638f21e98622ee9c6c9c" } }, { "id": "2dc4fc382a", "word": "本館", "reading": "ほんかん", "romaji": "honkan", "meanings": [ "main building" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1522350, "examples": [ { "ja": "別館は本館の北側にある。", "furigana": "{別館|べっかん}は{本館|ほんかん}の{北側|きたがわ}にある。", "en": "The annex is on the north of the original building.", "tatoeba_id": 83398 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d4f4d5e28d60edf609ecaa7f2d8056882d601547651c35a204c696d58ee15cf3", "meanings": [ "主楼" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "別館は本館の北側にある。", "zh": "别馆在主楼北侧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2dc4fc382a", "JMdict ent_seq 1522350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "59f8b23d1a7570678a86572ac557a6381417de36bdc5362c147670373fe914f8" } }, { "id": "97b08ab1d6", "word": "本気", "reading": "ほんき", "romaji": "honki", "meanings": [ "seriousness", "truth", "sanctity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1522370, "examples": [ { "ja": "ケンさん、君は本気かい。", "furigana": "ケンさん、{君|きみ}は{本気|ほんき}かい。", "en": "Are you on the level, Ken?", "tatoeba_id": 225199 }, { "ja": "本気で会社辞めること考えてるの？", "furigana": "{本気|ほんき}で{会社|かいしゃ}{辞|や}めること{考|かんが}えてるの？", "en": "Are you seriously thinking about quitting your job?", "tatoeba_id": 2303016 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "064f7e64d433e131ed9bd070d85c2872ffe8776af215a01e5f61b51f9031bf71", "meanings": [ "认真", "当真" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ケンさん、君は本気かい。", "zh": "肯，你是认真的吗？" }, { "ja": "本気で会社辞めること考えてるの？", "zh": "你真在考虑辞职吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/97b08ab1d6", "JMdict ent_seq 1522370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1d573a6e0393ac8f7269b8a0f978a588ec26d82929c5ac0c1deb52170be7a133" } }, { "id": "558167f601", "word": "本質", "reading": "ほんしつ", "romaji": "honshitsu", "meanings": [ "essence", "true nature", "reality" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1522620, "examples": [ { "ja": "親切心は礼儀の本質である。", "furigana": "{親切心|しんせつしん}は{礼儀|れいぎ}の{本質|ほんしつ}である。", "en": "Kindness is the essence of politeness.", "tatoeba_id": 144782 }, { "ja": "問題は、その本質よりもむしろ外観である。", "furigana": "{問題|もんだい}は、その{本質|ほんしつ}よりもむしろ{外観|がいかん}である。", "en": "The question is not so much what it is as how it looks.", "tatoeba_id": 79856 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "45e73bf05712b4d3a2ec816527d1443b9bcddc63e08e1aa1c802e2c7f4ebfcf4", "meanings": [ "本质" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "親切心は礼儀の本質である。", "zh": "善意是礼貌的本质。" }, { "ja": "問題は、その本質よりもむしろ外観である。", "zh": "问题在于外表，而不是本质。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/558167f601", "JMdict ent_seq 1522620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "816711bbdb85a422ae3d997a3b00293f845f3d56c1d33c8fd5e2bb77d7f24454" } }, { "id": "a191aa054e", "word": "本体", "reading": "ほんたい", "romaji": "hontai", "meanings": [ "substance", "real form", "object of worship" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1522950, "examples": [ { "ja": "なんであれ物事の本体を捕らえる事が肝心だ。", "furigana": "なんであれ{物事|ものごと}の{本体|ほんたい}を{捕|と}らえる{事|こと}が{肝心|かんじん}だ。", "en": "No matter what the problem is, it's essential to get at the heart of the matter.", "tatoeba_id": 198948 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "09cebef82535278b1c61264484b98edd4120ca9bf5b3c27bbc207a304c96d3ce", "meanings": [ "本体", "主体" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "なんであれ物事の本体を捕らえる事が肝心だ。", "zh": "无论什么事，抓住本质都很重要。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a191aa054e", "JMdict ent_seq 1522950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "282fe9aeb41ff2ea568664c5bbd936435a50f0d7e87ddd672956106a0af44644" } }, { "id": "b2252b99e0", "word": "本音", "reading": "ほんね", "romaji": "honne", "meanings": [ "real intention", "motive" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1522250, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は本音を出した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{本音|ほんね}を{出|だ}した。", "en": "He showed what he meant.", "tatoeba_id": 99894 }, { "ja": "社長は言うことと本音が違う。", "en": "My boss says one thing and means another.", "tatoeba_id": 149174 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7e182f9b956aef93ade87d60aad6e57b14fb278d71fd9339e3efad7618b75765", "meanings": [ "真心话", "真实想法" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は本音を出した。", "zh": "他说出了真心话。" }, { "ja": "社長は言うことと本音が違う。", "zh": "社长说的话和真实想法不同。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b2252b99e0", "JMdict ent_seq 1522250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f2ddd4853a0161bdf5f605bfec12cdcf3f339d6aabba9db7fe74c355760b310e" } }, { "id": "53dd27cd3f", "word": "ほんの", "reading": "ほんの", "romaji": "honno", "meanings": [ "mere", "only", "just" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-pn" ], "jmdict_id": 1011740, "other_forms": [ "本の" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "クリスマスはほんの２週間先です。", "en": "Christmas is only two weeks off.", "tatoeba_id": 225465 }, { "ja": "もうほんのちょっと気をつけねば。", "furigana": "もうほんのちょっと{気|き}をつけねば。", "en": "You should be a thought more careful.", "tatoeba_id": 194363 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "677ba1b2ddd07ed40e67854192f26c68877ad718adea1fd53d824a2efed9f6e2", "meanings": [ "仅仅", "只" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "クリスマスはほんの２週間先です。", "zh": "离圣诞节只有两周。" }, { "ja": "もうほんのちょっと気をつけねば。", "zh": "还得再稍微注意一下。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/53dd27cd3f", "JMdict ent_seq 1011740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7bb7db7bb6445c15bb73d1a046c0399f21ce9c7012e71d4afc982fa0268f1eb3" } }, { "id": "dc58a8f7d2", "word": "本能", "reading": "ほんのう", "romaji": "honnou", "meanings": [ "instinct" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1523130, "examples": [ { "ja": "動物は本能のままに振る舞う。", "furigana": "{動物|どうぶつ}は{本能|ほんのう}のままに{振|ふ}る{舞|ま}う。", "en": "Animals act on instinct.", "tatoeba_id": 123746 }, { "ja": "本能に従うと道を誤ることが多い。", "furigana": "{本能|ほんのう}に{従|したが}うと{道|みち}を{誤|あやま}ることが{多|おお}い。", "en": "Instinct is often a poor guide.", "tatoeba_id": 81463 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d8b6b5facb68bde212f199b8dc32c36d58a5755d5de8ba60f0a9980bcbdb5a4e", "meanings": [ "本能" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "動物は本能のままに振る舞う。", "zh": "动物按本能行动。" }, { "ja": "本能に従うと道を誤ることが多い。", "zh": "跟随本能常常会走错路。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dc58a8f7d2", "JMdict ent_seq 1523130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1c3b964a653c3c46a9ec8453e7b9b0fde6cf7b08966f6e021844843da8f1b776" } }, { "id": "832d20702f", "word": "本場", "reading": "ほんば", "romaji": "honba", "meanings": [ "home", "habitat", "center", "best place", "genuine" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1522690, "examples": [ { "ja": "本場のプレッツェルが食べてみたくなった！", "en": "I had an urge to eat an authentic pretzel!", "tatoeba_id": 8565300 }, { "ja": "本場のカフワ・アラビーヤを飲んでみたい。", "en": "I want to try authentic Arabic coffee.", "tatoeba_id": 12856903 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "72a75eac681546f808df975b7f06be331cb510d107694597eb92ab69108b3cf9", "meanings": [ "发源地", "正宗" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "本場のプレッツェルが食べてみたくなった！", "zh": "我想尝尝正宗的椒盐卷饼！" }, { "ja": "本場のカフワ・アラビーヤを飲んでみたい。", "zh": "我想喝正宗的阿拉伯咖啡。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/832d20702f", "JMdict ent_seq 1522690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f26117c3936cbdd25c15b8061f7b2a05a5427360c62307c1587e7d7dc15bd8a2" } }, { "id": "184ff21342", "word": "ポンプ", "reading": "ポンプ", "romaji": "ponpu", "meanings": [ "pump" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1126040, "examples": [ { "ja": "ポンプはちゃんと動かなかった。", "furigana": "ポンプはちゃんと{動|うご}かなかった。", "en": "The pump didn't work properly.", "tatoeba_id": 195855 }, { "ja": "心臓とポンプは似かよっている。", "en": "The human heart is analogous to a pump.", "tatoeba_id": 145565 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e2b4126cd2c0feab87d13cd7700fddeae9b9fdcc27161ec7d885373b89c25d98", "meanings": [ "泵" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ポンプはちゃんと動かなかった。", "zh": "水泵没有正常运转。" }, { "ja": "心臓とポンプは似かよっている。", "zh": "心脏和泵很相似。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/184ff21342", "JMdict ent_seq 1126040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5c11a3ba3c06c6632e42b3fc99c863d090b2613a48d06227958121f75897791a" } }, { "id": "2f8982fd28", "word": "本文", "reading": "ほんぶん", "romaji": "honbun", "meanings": [ "text (of document)", "body (of letter)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1584270, "examples": [ { "ja": "この本は本文の部分はそんなに多くない。", "en": "There's not so much text in this book.", "tatoeba_id": 219539 }, { "ja": "この情報は注釈ではなく本文で扱うべきだ。", "en": "You should treat this information in the main body of the text, not in the notes.", "tatoeba_id": 221078 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8dd90cf04a4e44d11082b6cd096e4e3cf324a62d88b19d52fdf1ea499375ac6e", "meanings": [ "正文" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この本は本文の部分はそんなに多くない。", "zh": "这本书正文部分并不多。" }, { "ja": "この情報は注釈ではなく本文で扱うべきだ。", "zh": "这个信息应该在正文中处理，而不是放在注释里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2f8982fd28", "JMdict ent_seq 1584270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "341ec99d2c2340485bd2111f11d954faeb07028c40959e2b81c05db74dc725d8" } }, { "id": "8da39971fe", "word": "本名", "reading": "ほんみょう", "romaji": "honmyou", "meanings": [ "real name" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1523240, "examples": [ { "ja": "それって、彼女の本名じゃないよ。", "en": "That isn't her real name.", "tatoeba_id": 12593077 }, { "ja": "ガリレオ・ガリレイって本名？", "en": "Galileo Galilei's real name?", "tatoeba_id": 3256381 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "996ec5f142d90ac1fe40853835ccbd71385fc309f51739a67caa723fdfb06c48", "meanings": [ "真名" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それって、彼女の本名じゃないよ。", "zh": "那不是她的真名哦。" }, { "ja": "ガリレオ・ガリレイって本名？", "zh": "伽利略·伽利莱是真名吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8da39971fe", "JMdict ent_seq 1523240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "777f3c3bd23012080658d1a437cf601185e1af6bd3d1557f32c824ba79d35698" } }, { "id": "25821d4f0c", "word": "マーク", "reading": "マーク", "romaji": "maaku", "meanings": [ "mark" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1126140, "examples": [ { "ja": "地図にマークを付けてください。", "en": "Please mark the map." }, { "ja": "この印は安全のマークだ。", "en": "This symbol is a safety mark." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2ff12f414e3b86d4a7ff3480f20113326c9d22ea0690bdc78e4cd86bbaba54c7", "meanings": [ "标记" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "地図にマークを付けてください。", "zh": "请在地图上做标记。" }, { "ja": "この印は安全のマークだ。", "zh": "这个符号是安全标志。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/25821d4f0c", "JMdict ent_seq 1126140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9dcd10c692f4fd84835e3646daaa48e298d5b88a720fc4784d3986c89fe2573c" } }, { "id": "e7ecb4b0a9", "word": "枚", "reading": "まい", "romaji": "mai", "meanings": [ "counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1524610, "examples": [ { "ja": "このページのコピーを３枚とってください。", "furigana": "このページのコピーを３{枚|まい}とってください。", "en": "Please make three copies of this page.", "tatoeba_id": 223221 }, { "ja": "ベッドの上にシーツが２枚あった。", "furigana": "ベッドの{上|うえ}にシーツが２{枚|まい}あった。", "en": "Two sheets were on the bed.", "tatoeba_id": 196794 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b66ef2f36fc13767bd01ea9496f899e0094e2132ec34f3887118bea2e0e19402", "meanings": [ "张", "枚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このページのコピーを３枚とってください。", "zh": "请把这一页复印三份。" }, { "ja": "ベッドの上にシーツが２枚あった。", "zh": "床上有两张床单。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e7ecb4b0a9", "JMdict ent_seq 1524610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e8ef7c44d755071bfb89e10278eb40b3c9857144aea604ae7e8f01918dbfe497" } }, { "id": "5e72c71c76", "word": "埋蔵", "reading": "まいぞう", "romaji": "maizou", "meanings": [ "buried property", "treasure trove" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1524560, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは埋蔵された宝物を求めて砂漠を探検した。", "en": "They explored the desert in quest of buried treasure.", "tatoeba_id": 226141 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5e086d7737d1e769a1c8e0e4626f7383122593479b819b4637afa458dcdb11be", "meanings": [ "埋藏", "矿藏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは埋蔵された宝物を求めて砂漠を探検した。", "zh": "他们在沙漠探险寻找埋藏的宝物。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5e72c71c76", "JMdict ent_seq 1524560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fd35e8d66eb9c4f178c717336d52ece425d93574f62d6414589741f23b29c658" } }, { "id": "e8815c7d25", "word": "舞う", "reading": "まう", "romaji": "mau", "meanings": [ "to dance", "to flutter about", "to revolve" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1499100, "examples": [ { "ja": "ヒラヒラと桜の花が舞っている。もうお花見の季節も終わりだな。", "furigana": "ヒラヒラと{桜|さくら}の{花|はな}が{舞|ま}っている。もうお{花見|はなみ}の{季節|きせつ}も{終|お}わりだな。", "en": "It looks like cherry blossom-viewing season is at an end. You can see the petals fluttering down.", "tatoeba_id": 197416 }, { "ja": "木の葉が庭でくるくる舞っていた。", "furigana": "{木|こ}の{葉|は}が{庭|にわ}でくるくる{舞|ま}っていた。", "en": "The leaves whirled in the yard.", "tatoeba_id": 80111 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "361cc89bcf6158e61fc8ee7afea0b6f9fd5beec5ee8716e273c0a8ea58a8918c", "meanings": [ "飞舞" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ヒラヒラと桜の花が舞っている。もうお花見の季節も終わりだな。", "zh": "樱花轻轻飘舞，赏花季节也快结束了。" }, { "ja": "木の葉が庭でくるくる舞っていた。", "zh": "树叶在院子里旋转飞舞。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e8815c7d25", "JMdict ent_seq 1499100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c75d7e57b06a7d40bcbaa700115dc14c1e3ca741a624f429454d41f9bbba109d" } }, { "id": "c4991b3b08", "word": "真上", "reading": "まうえ", "romaji": "maue", "meanings": [ "just above", "right overhead" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1363940, "examples": [ { "ja": "ガラス製のシャンデリアがテーブルの真上に下がっていた。", "en": "A crystal chandelier was hanging over the table.", "tatoeba_id": 226185 }, { "ja": "私の寝室はちょうどこの真上にある。", "en": "My bedroom is just above.", "tatoeba_id": 163277 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "24ab874c6ea234e2f2d2addf2ab60a7ed42c2b62b0c85233fa3580be7abf61a6", "meanings": [ "正上方" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ガラス製のシャンデリアがテーブルの真上に下がっていた。", "zh": "玻璃吊灯悬挂在桌子正上方。" }, { "ja": "私の寝室はちょうどこの真上にある。", "zh": "我的卧室就在这里正上方。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c4991b3b08", "JMdict ent_seq 1363940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "82a360ea21c8e94ec00307f5fb8188d0a9ca9ad10c3ca4d89f229d4ab3702505" } }, { "id": "7b855940b0", "word": "前売り", "reading": "まえうり", "romaji": "maeuri", "meanings": [ "advance sale", "booking" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1603780, "examples": [ { "ja": "予約は全て前売りである。", "furigana": "{予約|よやく}は{全|すべ}て{前売|まえう}りである。", "en": "All the seats are sold in advance.", "tatoeba_id": 78974 }, { "ja": "多くの切符は前売りされている。", "furigana": "{多|おお}くの{切符|きっぷ}は{前売|まえう}りされている。", "en": "A number of tickets are sold in advance.", "tatoeba_id": 138320 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bff8aaa365d47ab543026e6ab889b4ab3a9465f56ba41b69740dc00f1720755e", "meanings": [ "预售" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "予約は全て前売りである。", "zh": "预订全部是提前销售的。" }, { "ja": "多くの切符は前売りされている。", "zh": "许多票都提前销售。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7b855940b0", "JMdict ent_seq 1603780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "63b170ebc960525ebfaacf7efb692c735549fe15796ee04e37207e3bd8466dde" } }, { "id": "48da2af325", "word": "前置き", "reading": "まえおき", "romaji": "maeoki", "meanings": [ "preface", "introduction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1393630, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は前置きとして、すこし話した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{前置|まえお}きとして、すこし{話|はな}した。", "en": "He said a few words by way of preface.", "tatoeba_id": 102972 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "81fb61fa57351fd5111aa930bb06ef645de208b9ec2bcb719429de55ce4f59c8", "meanings": [ "前言", "开场白" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は前置きとして、すこし話した。", "zh": "他作了一小段开场白。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/48da2af325", "JMdict ent_seq 1393630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d34f9f1e80eac375d2e1958922ef847e91570b0b65de15b3604289c849b95b77" } }, { "id": "363e220d56", "word": "前もって", "reading": "まえもって", "romaji": "maemotte", "meanings": [ "in advance", "beforehand", "previously" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1603820, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は前もってあなたに知らせる。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{前|まえ}もってあなたに{知|し}らせる。", "en": "I will let you know in advance.", "tatoeba_id": 155416 }, { "ja": "訪ねるときは前もって連絡します。", "furigana": "{訪|たず}ねるときは{前|まえ}もって{連絡|れんらく}します。", "en": "When I call on you, I'll let you know in advance.", "tatoeba_id": 82631 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f122d6027d170641a6c69fa8e53ce99ce1dc0ec2c4028bc378f8a8a718958140", "meanings": [ "事先" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は前もってあなたに知らせる。", "zh": "我会事先通知你。" }, { "ja": "訪ねるときは前もって連絡します。", "zh": "拜访时会事先联系。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/363e220d56", "JMdict ent_seq 1603820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d0b824eaa5fd5d896a42ba78b4c3298c36159f8618e0d2dabfce0bde35d35bd7" } }, { "id": "4153c37df5", "word": "任す", "reading": "まかす", "romaji": "makasu", "meanings": [ "to entrust", "to leave to a person" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1467130, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は重大な使命を任された。", "en": "He was given an important mission.", "tatoeba_id": 104335 }, { "ja": "トムは今年のテニストーナメントを任されている。", "furigana": "トムは{今年|ことし}のテニストーナメントを{任|まか}されている。", "en": "Tom is in charge of this year's tennis tournament.", "tatoeba_id": 199934 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "215de3886bf45846e19864c0a982524e4ca95e67ab03bc4a0d4775b3fae6d654", "meanings": [ "托付" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は重大な使命を任された。", "zh": "他被委以重大使命。" }, { "ja": "トムは今年のテニストーナメントを任されている。", "zh": "汤姆负责今年的网球锦标赛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4153c37df5", "JMdict ent_seq 1467130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "624e03e4a2e281d3207e357117e683748eb684c7ddf1a36e66d48c9b74e35f73" } }, { "id": "4477736693", "word": "負かす", "reading": "まかす", "romaji": "makasu", "meanings": [ "to defeat" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1497950, "examples": [ { "ja": "あんなやつを負かすのはお茶の子さいさいだ。", "furigana": "あんなやつを{負|ま}かすのはお{茶|ちゃ}の{子|こ}さいさいだ。", "en": "I can beat him hands down.", "tatoeba_id": 229558 }, { "ja": "ヤンキースがドジャースを負かした。", "furigana": "ヤンキースがドジャースを{負|ま}かした。", "en": "The Yankees got the better of the Dodgers.", "tatoeba_id": 193008 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "70dc536fbd7dba45addbdb866010f37d34216d2a54f16f0dbd26cc765a2c6c9b", "meanings": [ "打败" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あんなやつを負かすのはお茶の子さいさいだ。", "zh": "打败那家伙是小菜一碟。" }, { "ja": "ヤンキースがドジャースを負かした。", "zh": "扬基队打败了道奇队。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4477736693", "JMdict ent_seq 1497950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f17e770c87b55e848c91f84516d4733475c2c4a17fa25e25dd0bc6fe303b75cb" } }, { "id": "cb43087881", "word": "賄う", "reading": "まかなう", "romaji": "makanau", "meanings": [ "to give board to", "to provide meals", "to pay" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1562510, "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい事業は何人かの事業家によって資金を賄われた。", "furigana": "{新|あたら}しい{事業|じぎょう}は{何人|なんにん}かの{事業家|じぎょうか}によって{資金|しきん}を{賄|まかな}われた。", "en": "The new venture was financed by a group of entrepreneurs.", "tatoeba_id": 145392 }, { "ja": "彼のプロジェクトは助成金でまかなわれていた。", "en": "His project was funded by grants.", "tatoeba_id": 118249 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d1b4fac8d7f655ca04c8d2204c470d984b19c4ab27e5f44f27bda60fae4b4afb", "meanings": [ "提供", "支付" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新しい事業は何人かの事業家によって資金を賄われた。", "zh": "新事业的资金由几位企业家提供。" }, { "ja": "彼のプロジェクトは助成金でまかなわれていた。", "zh": "他的项目由补助金资助。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cb43087881", "JMdict ent_seq 1562510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ce1ae431bf98993d1dc5f94f461c3cc0e83fc09101ba7f855f2202b57d29e331" } }, { "id": "c20ba5147f", "word": "巻", "reading": "まき", "romaji": "maki", "meanings": [ "volume" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1211140, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は布を一巻買った。", "en": "She bought a roll of cloth." }, { "ja": "この本の第一巻が出版された。", "en": "The first volume of this book was published." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "abb74239414aff164bbed564b4719e1e5ad9299151fee36cb6cd3d792a66db31", "meanings": [ "卷", "卷册" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は布を一巻買った。", "zh": "她买了一卷布。" }, { "ja": "この本の第一巻が出版された。", "zh": "这套书的第一卷已经出版。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c20ba5147f", "JMdict ent_seq 1211140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b6fd2cd405a2d4acee0ff1e9773bad3b8cf80197e0e7b61d0fe17dbaeeea6fc9" } }, { "id": "1635a19afd", "word": "紛らわしい", "reading": "まぎらわしい", "romaji": "magirawashii", "meanings": [ "confusing", "misleading", "equivocal", "ambiguous" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1504990, "examples": [ { "ja": "これはちょっと紛らわしいな。", "en": "This is a bit confusing.", "tatoeba_id": 9959651 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5c37dbf5aefce328c165dc8c4174bd607f46165ef6620fef47d4e3d010f22e68", "meanings": [ "容易混淆" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これはちょっと紛らわしいな。", "zh": "这有点容易弄混。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1635a19afd", "JMdict ent_seq 1504990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e2ad9ed9cc7de15b7ddde970b12d421df75a5b477dc133d2e9c7e68151fd6240" } }, { "id": "4e9975ebd2", "word": "紛れる", "reading": "まぎれる", "romaji": "magireru", "meanings": [ "to be diverted", "to slip into" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1505010, "examples": [ { "ja": "私の手紙は郵送中にどこかに紛れてしまったに違いない。", "en": "My letter must have gone astray in the mail.", "tatoeba_id": 163392 }, { "ja": "忙しさに紛れて、ごぶさたしておりました。", "furigana": "{忙|いそが}しさに{紛|まぎ}れて、ごぶさたしておりました。", "en": "I was too busy to write you.", "tatoeba_id": 82520 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e4ac1cec22e33c6b509c2827a85f68dd93e3d63014952d86a74a9f82edf1f599", "meanings": [ "混入", "埋没" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私の手紙は郵送中にどこかに紛れてしまったに違いない。", "zh": "我的信一定是在邮寄途中混到别的地方去了。" }, { "ja": "忙しさに紛れて、ごぶさたしておりました。", "zh": "忙得团团转，疏于联系。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4e9975ebd2", "JMdict ent_seq 1505010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b05d42b3d18bc056b1ff84e5c974bb3a292b60c5b5721e62af1594b9b591d89c" } }, { "id": "f73eba62cf", "word": "膜", "reading": "まく", "romaji": "maku", "meanings": [ "membrane", "film" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1524850, "examples": [ { "ja": "冷たい牛乳は好きだけど、温めた牛乳はあまり好きじゃない。あの白い膜と匂いが苦手なんだ。", "en": "I like cold milk, but not hot milk. The white membrane and the smell that develops bother me.", "tatoeba_id": 1143553 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bc3c129da33f9ccc5de4b0ae476be143b830dba3f1028dd643303b189e2d6dd1", "meanings": [ "膜" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "冷たい牛乳は好きだけど、温めた牛乳はあまり好きじゃない。あの白い膜と匂いが苦手なんだ。", "zh": "我喜欢冷牛奶，但不太喜欢加热后的牛奶。我不喜欢那层白膜和气味。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f73eba62cf", "JMdict ent_seq 1524850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e2ef1e2c382cd3fe193f4005fecc68370970c7c2626d4f27f9fd1d3c31a576cf" } }, { "id": "f1d383593c", "word": "捲る", "reading": "まくる", "romaji": "makuru", "meanings": [ "verb suffix to indicate reckless abandon to the activity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "aux-v", "v5r" ], "jmdict_id": 1257800, "examples": [ { "ja": "株主たちはもうけまくっています。", "furigana": "{株主|かぶぬし}たちはもうけまくっています。", "en": "The stockholders are making money hand over fist.", "tatoeba_id": 184069 }, { "ja": "少年はゴールに向かって走りまくった。", "furigana": "{少年|しょうねん}はゴールに{向|む}かって{走|はし}りまくった。", "en": "The boy ran and ran toward the goal.", "tatoeba_id": 146588 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "01f06df702c423b0c307e0e3e667d05c7fc353c68f900aba09cd7dc319dd6a60", "meanings": [ "不停地……", "卷起" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "株主たちはもうけまくっています。", "zh": "股东们赚了很多钱。" }, { "ja": "少年はゴールに向かって走りまくった。", "zh": "男孩不停地朝球门跑。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f1d383593c", "JMdict ent_seq 1257800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c339f85b1ac4d801d63ea66975ad6f6774a1d867b50c1543c0f8312a0dbb5dd7" } }, { "id": "9d2c461a37", "word": "真心", "reading": "まごころ", "romaji": "magokoro", "meanings": [ "sincerity", "devotion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1363970, "other_readings": [ "まこころ" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は彼に真心こめて感謝しました。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{彼|かれ}に{真心|まごころ}こめて{感謝|かんしゃ}しました。", "en": "She thanked him with all her heart.", "tatoeba_id": 87392 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "48f059d0ed3696849359f4902cc9927cc6d45d627cc6c869d2a53ef5ee4d7173", "meanings": [ "真心", "诚意" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は彼に真心こめて感謝しました。", "zh": "她诚心诚意地感谢了他。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9d2c461a37", "JMdict ent_seq 1363970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "08f42fb28679bb60b5665dc8fc3ec65d9cdfe096684e4b994b94546104de7b6c" } }, { "id": "74601e860d", "word": "まごつく", "reading": "まごつく", "romaji": "magotsuku", "meanings": [ "to be confused", "to be flustered" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1012100, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はどうすればよいか分からずまごついた。", "en": "He was flustered because he did not know what to do." }, { "ja": "初めての接客で私はまごついた。", "en": "I was flustered serving customers for the first time." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "68a7a537aafca0e6254a44f3faf49ad707de6fdc22147f75b2edeea4db19f647", "meanings": [ "慌乱", "不知所措" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はどうすればよいか分からずまごついた。", "zh": "他不知道该怎么办，慌了神。" }, { "ja": "初めての接客で私はまごついた。", "zh": "我在第一次接待客人时手忙脚乱。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/74601e860d", "JMdict ent_seq 1012100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3b3311ec4255bba075f35f2e8bc07c0cd6d117a51897fc9ef986e9fe9b52cd99" } }, { "id": "ef7ac8431d", "word": "誠", "reading": "まこと", "romaji": "makoto", "meanings": [ "truth", "faith", "fidelity", "sincerity", "trust", "confidence", "reliance", "devotion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1580555, "examples": [ { "ja": "手八丁口八丁の彼だけど、誠がないのが玉に瑕だね。", "furigana": "{手八丁口八丁|てはっちょうくちはっちょう}の{彼|かれ}だけど、{誠|まこと}がないのが{玉|たま}に{瑕|きず}だね。", "en": "He works fast and is very articulate but his insincerity is his biggest defect.", "tatoeba_id": 148487 }, { "ja": "嘘から出た誠。", "furigana": "{嘘|うそ}から{出|で}た{誠|まこと}。", "en": "Many a true word is spoken in jest.", "tatoeba_id": 189510 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5e3af1e3f2ab953ac0cbdc2f22942838150c4fe0032cca545894f6461475ad22", "meanings": [ "真诚", "真实" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "手八丁口八丁の彼だけど、誠がないのが玉に瑕だね。", "zh": "他手脚麻利、口才也好，唯一的缺点是不够真诚。" }, { "ja": "嘘から出た誠。", "zh": "谎言成真。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ef7ac8431d", "JMdict ent_seq 1580555; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0e86fd0ed3a7953a09388885ea081e494f64bc061d7266ad2e9ae87cd7825f59" } }, { "id": "3e5a78ba5b", "word": "真に", "reading": "まことに", "romaji": "makotoni", "meanings": [ "truly", "actually", "really" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1381160, "examples": [ { "ja": "遅れまして、誠に申し訳ありません。", "furigana": "{遅|おく}れまして、{誠|まこと}に{申|もう}し{訳|わけ}ありません。", "en": "I'm awfully sorry that I was late.", "tatoeba_id": 126698 }, { "ja": "ご親切誠にありがとうございます。", "furigana": "ご{親切|しんせつ}{誠|まこと}にありがとうございます。", "en": "Thank you for your kindness.", "tatoeba_id": 217095 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "573742036921d45ba13579d7007da53ad8f9124b60fd8f7af0d8eaaad83f3de6", "meanings": [ "确实", "实在" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "遅れまして、誠に申し訳ありません。", "zh": "迟到了，实在对不起。" }, { "ja": "ご親切誠にありがとうございます。", "zh": "非常感谢您的好意。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3e5a78ba5b", "JMdict ent_seq 1381160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "97d864f23186771a9665b4e1660b7a065475d201d73a365e3e3f8f52722e61c1" } }, { "id": "3a292b13b7", "word": "正しく", "reading": "まさしく", "romaji": "masashiku", "meanings": [ "surely", "no doubt", "evidently" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1376620, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はまさしく支払わされたのだ。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はまさしく{支払|しはら}わされたのだ。", "en": "She was jolly well made to pay.", "tatoeba_id": 91507 }, { "ja": "彼はまさしく時代の子であった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はまさしく{時代|じだい}の{子|こ}であった。", "en": "He was really a child of his times.", "tatoeba_id": 110886 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1cf7904a673d6f0e44a06cf09073e932105eb7a86411abae5894f1c9abadcc52", "meanings": [ "确实", "正是" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はまさしく支払わされたのだ。", "zh": "她确实被迫付款了。" }, { "ja": "彼はまさしく時代の子であった。", "zh": "他正是那个时代的产物。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3a292b13b7", "JMdict ent_seq 1376620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1f48cb85d93983ae2da5e8db1c8038f6203dbacc6655cfeadf40c8cda82aad8a" } }, { "id": "0be04a2d0d", "word": "勝る", "reading": "まさる", "romaji": "masaru", "meanings": [ "to excel", "to surpass", "to outrival" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1603910, "examples": [ { "ja": "睡眠は薬に勝る。", "furigana": "{睡眠|すいみん}は{薬|くすり}に{勝|まさ}る。", "en": "Sleep is better than medicine.", "tatoeba_id": 143609 }, { "ja": "よき言葉より、よき行いの方が勝る。", "furigana": "よき{言葉|ことば}より、よき{行|おこな}いの{方|ほう}が{勝|まさ}る。", "en": "Well done is better than well said.", "tatoeba_id": 77844 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a3ae914e02ec4af725892595ecfffdc9e4665c844aaf11e6a6000dfa6e5394bd", "meanings": [ "胜过" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "睡眠は薬に勝る。", "zh": "睡眠胜过药物。" }, { "ja": "よき言葉より、よき行いの方が勝る。", "zh": "良好的行为胜过美好的言语。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0be04a2d0d", "JMdict ent_seq 1603910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "74105e2499c4d55821718fa1e810c3970ea0fe1411c28619ff19fbe2d3bd107c" } }, { "id": "2864340a00", "word": "増し", "reading": "まし", "romaji": "mashi", "meanings": [ "extra", "additional", "less objectionable", "better", "preferable" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1611600, "examples": [ { "ja": "非会員は50ドル増しとなります。", "en": "Non-members pay an additional 50 dollars.", "tatoeba_id": 74067 }, { "ja": "彼女は会社の床掃除よりましな仕事を望んだ。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{会社|かいしゃ}の{床掃除|ゆかそうじ}よりましな{仕事|しごと}を{望|のぞ}んだ。", "en": "She wanted a better job than cleaning office floors.", "tatoeba_id": 90775 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "40a246a92c2b868f8e7981fe70d96551fa56ee77cde6b1e5efb39384091e7a48", "meanings": [ "增加", "更好" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "非会員は50ドル増しとなります。", "zh": "非会员要多付五十美元。" }, { "ja": "彼女は会社の床掃除よりましな仕事を望んだ。", "zh": "她想找一份比打扫公司地板更好的工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2864340a00", "JMdict ent_seq 1611600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "77fdc5201775205f9a1d74960e955f2a61adc173e36bfbb475c42b8af44fabd8" } }, { "id": "fcb506d21f", "word": "交える", "reading": "まじえる", "romaji": "majieru", "meanings": [ "to mix", "to converse with", "to cross (swords)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1271660, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はジェスチャーを交えて話した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はジェスチャーを{交|まじ}えて{話|はな}した。", "en": "She accompanied her words with gestures.", "tatoeba_id": 88483 }, { "ja": "その詩は韻文に散文をまじえている。", "furigana": "その{詩|し}は{韻文|いんぶん}に{散文|さんぶん}をまじえている。", "en": "That poem mixes prose with poetry.", "tatoeba_id": 210069 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9cce45d95a15db100cbfd18e80a63ba4e631dd92713d61073643c94f3ad5c890", "meanings": [ "交杂", "交谈" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はジェスチャーを交えて話した。", "zh": "她边做手势边说话。" }, { "ja": "その詩は韻文に散文をまじえている。", "zh": "那首诗在韵文中掺杂了散文。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fcb506d21f", "JMdict ent_seq 1271660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2970eb48062eabce2a210c4d9507948be1eecd2a447f7b11479ff5074ac27a19" } }, { "id": "2964d84ae8", "word": "真下", "reading": "ました", "romaji": "mashita", "meanings": [ "right under", "directly below" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1363460, "examples": [ { "ja": "私の部屋はこの真下です。", "en": "My room is just below.", "tatoeba_id": 162738 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4cdfe3a6a7404e8c65f91eee700122e7e1cc92a761d8833845bf840d799f5733", "meanings": [ "正下方" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私の部屋はこの真下です。", "zh": "我的房间就在这正下方。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2964d84ae8", "JMdict ent_seq 1363460; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "96ad0cc6ec074fe97867aba8be4ab0b6e1a9e5b5f5dc5ab97041d5b7408dde47" } }, { "id": "7bc604ca44", "word": "まして", "reading": "まして", "romaji": "mashite", "meanings": [ "still more", "still less (with neg. verb)", "to say nothing of", "not to mention" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "exp", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1237470, "other_forms": [ "況して" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は浮くことさえできない。まして泳げない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{浮|う}くことさえできない。まして{泳|およ}げない。", "en": "He can't even float let alone swim.", "tatoeba_id": 100418 }, { "ja": "彼は車も買えない、まして家などは買えない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{車|くるま}も{買|か}えない、まして{家|いえ}などは{買|か}えない。", "en": "He cannot buy a car, still less a house.", "tatoeba_id": 104648 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "aa8192fb70f95edd2eef437f6bb0b62b7e2b07cd2cf376e8dd3c89309219c571", "meanings": [ "何况" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は浮くことさえできない。まして泳げない。", "zh": "他连漂浮都做不到，更不用说游泳了。" }, { "ja": "彼は車も買えない、まして家などは買えない。", "zh": "他连车都买不起，更不用说房子了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7bc604ca44", "JMdict ent_seq 1237470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8fa98b9a092a86a89d5b7e7bd5b760f843d1cc39459a4b6e40db785300cc8df9" } }, { "id": "9e08dfb738", "word": "交わる", "reading": "まじわる", "romaji": "majiwaru", "meanings": [ "to cross", "to intersect", "to associate with", "to mingle with", "to interest", "to join" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1271700, "examples": [ { "ja": "これらの線は直角に交わる。", "furigana": "これらの{線|せん}は{直角|ちょっかく}に{交|まじ}わる。", "en": "These lines meet at right angles.", "tatoeba_id": 217834 }, { "ja": "彼は交わるにはむずかしい人だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{交|まじ}わるにはむずかしい{人|ひと}だ。", "en": "He is a hard man to deal with.", "tatoeba_id": 107470 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "17b6ec56dac56b5bacc144e301cc05328bae4d21181e1b9d969f0e52141b962d", "meanings": [ "交叉", "交往" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これらの線は直角に交わる。", "zh": "这些线成直角相交。" }, { "ja": "彼は交わるにはむずかしい人だ。", "zh": "他是个难以交往的人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9e08dfb738", "JMdict ent_seq 1271700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "49305c6d9d45fd027fff1fcc7180071c46445385b144cc4b57c96b46c4324582" } }, { "id": "5f0a12f21a", "word": "麻酔", "reading": "ますい", "romaji": "masui", "meanings": [ "anaesthesia" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1603940, "examples": [ { "ja": "けが人は麻酔から覚めた後痛みで泣きわめいた。", "en": "The injured person wailed with pain after recovering from the anaesthesia.", "tatoeba_id": 225270 }, { "ja": "彼は麻酔をかけられた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{麻酔|ますい}をかけられた。", "en": "He was put under anesthesia.", "tatoeba_id": 99858 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fac0eb9afdf11419f7efea07205d860f54442ffff6b8539a2a8912d849aca79b", "meanings": [ "麻醉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "けが人は麻酔から覚めた後痛みで泣きわめいた。", "zh": "伤者从麻醉中醒来后痛得哭喊。" }, { "ja": "彼は麻酔をかけられた。", "zh": "他被施了麻醉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5f0a12f21a", "JMdict ent_seq 1603940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ab6cbd83c6d46b8483a55045dab54b371e6c8b7b64718d9105d5e2d440a211d0" } }, { "id": "b00b3d1d04", "word": "マスコミ", "reading": "マスコミ", "romaji": "masukomi", "meanings": [ "mass communication" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1127900, "examples": [ { "ja": "イメージはマスコミの情報に形成される。", "furigana": "イメージはマスコミの{情報|じょうほう}に{形成|けいせい}される。", "en": "An image is formed by the information in the media.", "tatoeba_id": 228513 }, { "ja": "マスコミが報道しなかったのはなぜ？", "furigana": "マスコミが{報道|ほうどう}しなかったのはなぜ？", "en": "Why is it the mass media didn't report this?", "tatoeba_id": 402900 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bb880dac66ca1a9e2cc33cbe82db8120d8a5fd34b9313e124665235d6f199361", "meanings": [ "大众传媒" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "イメージはマスコミの情報に形成される。", "zh": "形象由大众传媒的信息塑造。" }, { "ja": "マスコミが報道しなかったのはなぜ？", "zh": "大众媒体为什么没有报道？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b00b3d1d04", "JMdict ent_seq 1127900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fed18ae9cb0eb27112b23bb1359c10ee1d6756eb3037da6bab00f2ae285e9655" } }, { "id": "994b68956c", "word": "股", "reading": "また", "romaji": "mata", "meanings": [ "groin", "crotch", "thigh" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1267460, "examples": [ { "ja": "自転車の乗り過ぎで股が痛いです。", "en": "My crotch hurts from riding the bicycle too much.", "tatoeba_id": 13715816 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e77a2d99f456dc1aecef141d2c8a58d4574e4c1b19559169872b774d3bd076b2", "meanings": [ "大腿根", "胯下" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "自転車の乗り過ぎで股が痛いです。", "zh": "骑自行车太多，胯部很痛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/994b68956c", "JMdict ent_seq 1267460; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "435930f4d747e07527d8b4abea1e1bf70216b90001293019de99e6501c25015c" } }, { "id": "b29a4ed96a", "word": "またがる", "reading": "またがる", "romaji": "matagaru", "meanings": [ "to extend over or into", "to straddle" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1603970, "other_forms": [ "跨る" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "最後の試験は来月にまたがるだろう。", "furigana": "{最後|さいご}の{試験|しけん}は{来月|らいげつ}にまたがるだろう。", "en": "The final exams will probably carry over into next month.", "tatoeba_id": 170560 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "eacffff916045897455774546c0be9917f9d0abb9884b01ac0789a9d8d7c2788", "meanings": [ "跨越", "骑跨" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "最後の試験は来月にまたがるだろう。", "zh": "最后的考试将跨到下个月。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b29a4ed96a", "JMdict ent_seq 1603970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5f11480203184623d1b2a152f92be7bdeab1c8fb5f54ce8a88699d1e981bdd6f" } }, { "id": "11c19333fc", "word": "瞬き", "reading": "またたき", "romaji": "matataki", "meanings": [ "wink", "twinkling (of stars)", "flicker (of light)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs" ], "jmdict_id": 1580190, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はまばたきして涙を止めようとした。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はまばたきして{涙|なみだ}を{止|と}めようとした。", "en": "She blinked to stop the tears.", "tatoeba_id": 91457 }, { "ja": "まばたきのように素早い。", "furigana": "まばたきのように{素早|すばや}い。", "en": "As quick as a wink.", "tatoeba_id": 195325 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4f49a7831313a3bae632ac6f42e0b666dd46b69c37a176b674dbd925f3f92dcc", "meanings": [ "眨眼", "闪烁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はまばたきして涙を止めようとした。", "zh": "她眨眼试图止住眼泪。" }, { "ja": "まばたきのように素早い。", "zh": "快得像眨眼一样。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/11c19333fc", "JMdict ent_seq 1580190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "835f5b5c633ca466cc58275d187533e54029a68aafb6170ad9a31c212f7063b7" } }, { "id": "60f77da4d6", "word": "待ち合わせ", "reading": "まちあわせ", "romaji": "machiawase", "meanings": [ "appointment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1410510, "examples": [ { "ja": "何時にどこで待ち合わせする？", "furigana": "{何時|なんじ}にどこで{待|ま}ち{合|あ}わせする？", "en": "What time and where could we meet?", "tatoeba_id": 187448 }, { "ja": "待ち合わせの場所間違えたかしら？", "furigana": "{待|ま}ち{合|あ}わせの{場所|ばしょ}{間違|まちが}えたかしら？", "en": "Am I waiting in the wrong place?", "tatoeba_id": 137942 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "977d167d25ced669254ef8fc1fc79eee37c0fc1144bdecc8623a2ed050d0f1ab", "meanings": [ "约见" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "何時にどこで待ち合わせする？", "zh": "几点在哪里碰面？" }, { "ja": "待ち合わせの場所間違えたかしら？", "zh": "我是不是弄错了碰面的地点？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/60f77da4d6", "JMdict ent_seq 1410510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "268b612705fd204f0fa274ba11750d7e683e91aae8973de93dfa26478f0e9f0d" } }, { "id": "4984694e6d", "word": "間違う", "reading": "まちがう", "romaji": "machigau", "meanings": [ "to make a mistake", "to be incorrect", "to be mistaken" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1611610, "examples": [ { "ja": "番号を間違っていると思います。", "furigana": "{番号|ばんごう}を{間違|まちが}っていると{思|おも}います。", "en": "I think you have the wrong number.", "tatoeba_id": 121169 }, { "ja": "彼はとても若く見えるのでよく学生と間違われる。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はとても{若|わか}く{見|み}えるのでよく{学生|がくせい}と{間違|まちが}われる。", "en": "He is often taken for a student because he looks so young.", "tatoeba_id": 111574 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "779452f0237f4109304b6112bdf1db45ea9cf3720fea9069a583421ab4d61a1e", "meanings": [ "弄错", "误认" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "番号を間違っていると思います。", "zh": "我想你拨错号码了。" }, { "ja": "彼はとても若く見えるのでよく学生と間違われる。", "zh": "他看起来很年轻，所以常被误认为学生。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4984694e6d", "JMdict ent_seq 1611610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1d597a212a14c35029b795573cdbf3771f8d1649a716df5f36d6b5d988e9b8cb" } }, { "id": "12610e01b7", "word": "待ち遠しい", "reading": "まちどおしい", "romaji": "machidooshii", "meanings": [ "looking forward to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1410480, "examples": [ { "ja": "パーティーが待ち遠しくて仕方ない。", "furigana": "パーティーが{待|ま}ち{遠|どお}しくて{仕方|しかた}ない。", "en": "I just can't wait for the party.", "tatoeba_id": 198527 }, { "ja": "金曜日のパーティーが待ち遠しいよ。", "furigana": "{金曜日|きんようび}のパーティーが{待|ま}ち{遠|どお}しいよ。", "en": "We can hardly wait for the party on Friday.", "tatoeba_id": 179622 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2ac5def751243d609feffd008ce2fb4daed47fff273ea81ebfef786a4588aa18", "meanings": [ "盼望" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "パーティーが待ち遠しくて仕方ない。", "zh": "我非常期待派对。" }, { "ja": "金曜日のパーティーが待ち遠しいよ。", "zh": "我盼着星期五的派对。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/12610e01b7", "JMdict ent_seq 1410480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a3df75a6aa97d0c9789d1af63cd7afcacbd978cfb4c1df9efa30a677f86304b3" } }, { "id": "a9c1579160", "word": "待ち望む", "reading": "まちのぞむ", "romaji": "machinozomu", "meanings": [ "to look anxiously for", "to wait eagerly for" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1410580, "examples": [ { "ja": "これを待ち望んでいました。", "furigana": "これを{待|ま}ち{望|のぞ}んでいました。", "en": "This is what I was waiting for.", "tatoeba_id": 217621 }, { "ja": "私は君との再会を待ち望んでいる。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{君|きみ}との{再会|さいかい}を{待|ま}ち{望|のぞ}んでいる。", "en": "I am looking forward to seeing you again.", "tatoeba_id": 157480 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b21fb899d959f83cedf8c58aa1902486f5c907fb40b979bc8313a52e469b6702", "meanings": [ "期待" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これを待ち望んでいました。", "zh": "我一直期待这个。" }, { "ja": "私は君との再会を待ち望んでいる。", "zh": "我期待与你重逢。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a9c1579160", "JMdict ent_seq 1410580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5ce76ca6cdd3af89a9c6fb988b31678aa4b49822d1355e08691ac559637bd490" } }, { "id": "24cf50fa20", "word": "まちまち", "reading": "まちまち", "romaji": "machimachi", "meanings": [ "several", "various", "divergent", "conflicting", "different", "diverse", "trivial" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1604010, "other_forms": [ "区々" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その件について彼らの意見はまちまちだ。", "en": "Their views vary on the subject.", "tatoeba_id": 211074 }, { "ja": "箱の大きさは小さいのから大きいのまでまちまちだ。", "furigana": "{箱|はこ}の{大|おお}きさは{小|ちい}さいのから{大|おお}きいのまでまちまちだ。", "en": "The boxes vary in size from small to large.", "tatoeba_id": 121371 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "adc05af72ddecb92c4c0d3441c7f2fa8de3b43b74022c1f96215f1281407cc60", "meanings": [ "各不相同" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その件について彼らの意見はまちまちだ。", "zh": "关于那件事，他们的意见各不相同。" }, { "ja": "箱の大きさは小さいのから大きいのまでまちまちだ。", "zh": "箱子的大小从小到大各不一样。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/24cf50fa20", "JMdict ent_seq 1604010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fb86d57d9f361d207b841e7d33d0a4d2f0b5a71a86d6683e3856719c7e89798f" } }, { "id": "a6b638592c", "word": "末期", "reading": "まっき", "romaji": "makki", "meanings": [ "closing years (period, days)", "last stage" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1604040, "examples": [ { "ja": "その物語の舞台は明治末期の日本である。", "en": "The setting of the story is Japan in the late Meiji period.", "tatoeba_id": 206904 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "623380f8f608308cc2d843b18cfd56ee9a11f1617935b9d107b090bb58a553e9", "meanings": [ "末期" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その物語の舞台は明治末期の日本である。", "zh": "那个故事的背景是明治末期的日本。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a6b638592c", "JMdict ent_seq 1604040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7e16a2b978f0625b3378c4f253e57df3489f998685d93867aedc8b3a596e61ec" } }, { "id": "8724f25af8", "word": "マッサージ", "reading": "マッサージ", "romaji": "massaaji", "meanings": [ "massage" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1128360, "examples": [ { "ja": "あのマッサージ、気持ちよかった。", "en": "That massage felt good.", "tatoeba_id": 8673013 }, { "ja": "彼は背中のマッサージを頼んだ。", "en": "He asked for a back massage.", "tatoeba_id": 2458726 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e39e5c72555c7647461975ef8d46aa36471af09fc1c777083107099b3bfb16ff", "meanings": [ "按摩" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あのマッサージ、気持ちよかった。", "zh": "那个按摩很舒服。" }, { "ja": "彼は背中のマッサージを頼んだ。", "zh": "他要求做背部按摩。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8724f25af8", "JMdict ent_seq 1128360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "18574b32aec1508f2aadf0cfa7007b123917813db14de4e86af0e925ac17f0bf" } }, { "id": "0c84e3be76", "word": "真っ二つ", "reading": "まっぷたつ", "romaji": "mapputatsu", "meanings": [ "in two equal parts" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1363280, "examples": [ { "ja": "トムはリンゴを真っ二つに切った。", "en": "Tom cut the apple in half.", "tatoeba_id": 10644201 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c52014229aacfae557c60fe424cc45ea5cb34896031f35ba10042edc85a13264", "meanings": [ "正好两半" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "トムはリンゴを真っ二つに切った。", "zh": "汤姆把苹果切成两半。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0c84e3be76", "JMdict ent_seq 1363280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ed1ec6d0989a8613818926f9fe27cf964f723c4f9955e177759d9d93f43aaa42" } }, { "id": "0234ae0bc2", "word": "纏まり", "reading": "まとまり", "romaji": "matomari", "meanings": [ "conclusion", "settlement", "consistency" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1440910, "examples": [ { "ja": "この組織はまとまりに欠けている。", "furigana": "この{組織|そしき}はまとまりに{欠|か}けている。", "en": "This organization lacks unity.", "tatoeba_id": 220724 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "00728710648e8474ab122ba7be3e0d9f3e9f21ac98ed2c31f2864c0f93bd71e2", "meanings": [ "团结", "条理" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この組織はまとまりに欠けている。", "zh": "这个组织缺乏团结。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0234ae0bc2", "JMdict ent_seq 1440910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "86651f95d4f593b2786ea852e9fc40cd447752c87d63197b21e0822b8f60bdca" } }, { "id": "fa2a840942", "word": "まとめ", "reading": "まとめ", "romaji": "matome", "meanings": [ "summary", "recapitulation", "aggregation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1440920, "other_forms": [ "纏め" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "最後にまとめをしてください。", "en": "Please give a summary at the end." }, { "ja": "彼女は会議のまとめを作った。", "en": "She prepared a summary of the meeting." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "892ec3f7730c15748ac4a5b8f965ad92d6aa06ae05c60c2848e9cc723272605d", "meanings": [ "总结", "汇总" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "最後にまとめをしてください。", "zh": "请在最后做一个总结。" }, { "ja": "彼女は会議のまとめを作った。", "zh": "她整理了会议要点。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fa2a840942", "JMdict ent_seq 1440920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0c9d8622c7523e2c38e8b9d91e0a0d5c14d54cb51e76a8359b01eaed2782d0b0" } }, { "id": "d8bd0de451", "word": "免れる", "reading": "まぬがれる", "romaji": "manugareru", "meanings": [ "to escape from", "to be rescued from", "to avoid", "to evade", "to avert", "to elude", "to be exempted" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1584670, "other_readings": [ "まぬかれる" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "われわれはかろうじて事故を免れた。", "furigana": "われわれはかろうじて{事故|じこ}を{免|まぬが}れた。", "en": "We narrowly missed the accident.", "tatoeba_id": 191690 }, { "ja": "容疑者は逮捕を免れたいと思った。", "furigana": "{容疑者|ようぎしゃ}は{逮捕|たいほ}を{免|まぬが}れたいと{思|おも}った。", "en": "The suspect wanted to avoid being arrested.", "tatoeba_id": 78897 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d5ccbd4223439a3d979e451e340691cda4e5cb95c29d3bbd3f2bb31fc7c57f4f", "meanings": [ "逃避", "免于" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "われわれはかろうじて事故を免れた。", "zh": "我们勉强避免了事故。" }, { "ja": "容疑者は逮捕を免れたいと思った。", "zh": "嫌疑人想逃避逮捕。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d8bd0de451", "JMdict ent_seq 1584670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "45d0e6f78e42ff03808679bc1bbc201f788e4005759dbbb394aecf7b7ff1196e" } }, { "id": "110edd2c50", "word": "招き", "reading": "まねき", "romaji": "maneki", "meanings": [ "invitation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1349570, "examples": [ { "ja": "お招き下さってありがとうございました。", "furigana": "お{招|まね}き{下|くだ}さってありがとうございました。", "en": "It was kind of you to invite us.", "tatoeba_id": 227021 }, { "ja": "お招きにあずかりありがとうございます。", "furigana": "お{招|まね}きにあずかりありがとうございます。", "en": "Thank you very much for your invitation.", "tatoeba_id": 227022 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9796515d53f14dd23ca52f6d94ed52a79f0e68f307394ef55f7632a5d7bf058e", "meanings": [ "邀请" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "お招き下さってありがとうございました。", "zh": "谢谢您邀请我。" }, { "ja": "お招きにあずかりありがとうございます。", "zh": "感谢您的邀请。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/110edd2c50", "JMdict ent_seq 1349570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9e1e7b7cbdddfc2e0fc37832f729ec24ea906d146d7f406d132698c83b27ea7a" } }, { "id": "3904257f59", "word": "麻痺", "reading": "まひ", "romaji": "mahi", "meanings": [ "paralysis", "palsy", "numbness", "stupor" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1604160, "examples": [ { "ja": "ゼネストで国中の機能が麻痺した。", "en": "The general strike paralyzed the whole country.", "tatoeba_id": 214029 }, { "ja": "大洪水で現地の交通網が麻痺した。", "furigana": "{大洪水|だいこうずい}で{現地|げんち}の{交通網|こうつうもう}が{麻痺|まひ}した。", "en": "The massive flood paralyzed the local transportation network.", "tatoeba_id": 137563 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b2f5fbd4a28e6064595726c94721dc2eddcc48e80529e8f1ee573b51e23ed666", "meanings": [ "麻痹", "瘫痪" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ゼネストで国中の機能が麻痺した。", "zh": "总罢工使全国的运作瘫痪。" }, { "ja": "大洪水で現地の交通網が麻痺した。", "zh": "大洪水使当地交通网络瘫痪。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3904257f59", "JMdict ent_seq 1604160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4c2f48a9f9390ceb07240b7b4da0d57acf9177249ceae6cae61a351b36d9fbee" } }, { "id": "32afdf9540", "word": "間々", "reading": "まま", "romaji": "mama", "meanings": [ "occasionally", "frequently" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1604170, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのようなことは間々起こる。", "en": "Such things happen occasionally." }, { "ja": "彼は間々ここに来る。", "en": "He comes here now and then." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5f634f12f64bcd3e66d13c63f8df91436a1982904c808cbe7c303d5852c53393", "meanings": [ "偶尔" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのようなことは間々起こる。", "zh": "这种事偶尔发生。" }, { "ja": "彼は間々ここに来る。", "zh": "他偶尔会来这里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/32afdf9540", "JMdict ent_seq 1604170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f02d8f58a1cc5132e5e43c89376c0cf6a0411e8677d90ed92d76575737fe46a7" } }, { "id": "e0f4bf005a", "word": "眉", "reading": "まゆ", "romaji": "mayu", "meanings": [ "eyebrow" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1486270, "examples": [ { "ja": "妻の死の知らせを聞いてもまゆ一つ動かさなかった。", "furigana": "{妻|つま}の{死|し}の{知|し}らせを{聞|き}いてもまゆ{一|ひと}つ{動|うご}かさなかった。", "en": "He did not even raise an eyebrow at the news of his wife's death.", "tatoeba_id": 170359 }, { "ja": "彼はまゆを上げて難色を示した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はまゆを{上|あ}げて{難色|なんしょく}を{示|しめ}した。", "en": "He showed his disapproval by raising an eyebrow.", "tatoeba_id": 110743 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "65fbfd82e129e5402d01e96f73bae777f4fbfd983f7581542745af51b618cfa0", "meanings": [ "眉毛" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "妻の死の知らせを聞いてもまゆ一つ動かさなかった。", "zh": "听到妻子死亡的消息，他连眉毛都没动一下。" }, { "ja": "彼はまゆを上げて難色を示した。", "zh": "他挑起眉毛表示不认同。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e0f4bf005a", "JMdict ent_seq 1486270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "00e45ac3a10dae720445a5f481d4b1092b2e37c31e33df4d2b49597c4197f199" } }, { "id": "7444466df7", "word": "鞠", "reading": "まり", "romaji": "mari", "meanings": [ "ball" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1226280, "examples": [ { "ja": "子どもたちは鞠で遊んだ。", "en": "The children played with a ball." }, { "ja": "彼女は友達に鞠を投げた。", "en": "She threw a ball to her friend." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "407de406132c6a433f4b4715d012932ad652b35a85746338f8303a8f93cfa946", "meanings": [ "球" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "子どもたちは鞠で遊んだ。", "zh": "孩子们玩着球。" }, { "ja": "彼女は友達に鞠を投げた。", "zh": "她把球抛给朋友。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7444466df7", "JMdict ent_seq 1226280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5772e3a07c645f082094e28d30602e0f404d32dcbf21c7dbc72a4b9d3b99e264" } }, { "id": "3bc1b71a60", "word": "丸ごと", "reading": "まるごと", "romaji": "marugoto", "meanings": [ "in its entirety", "whole", "wholly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1216410, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は１課を丸ごと暗記することで満点を取った。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は１{課|か}を{丸|まる}ごと{暗記|あんき}することで{満点|まんてん}を{取|と}った。", "en": "She got full marks by memorizing the whole lesson.", "tatoeba_id": 93622 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5bd2ff5f26069c99737de2022297343f51c799264c563360a585a9c71b24ced1", "meanings": [ "整个", "全部" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は１課を丸ごと暗記することで満点を取った。", "zh": "她通过把一课全部背下来拿了满分。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3bc1b71a60", "JMdict ent_seq 1216410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "61401bcc411be941e7bc185c6228944304397a00522009c7d9c2b0662bd02e95" } }, { "id": "7d2fc5b5b0", "word": "丸っきり", "reading": "まるっきり", "romaji": "marukkiri", "meanings": [ "completely", "perfectly", "just as if" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1216270, "examples": [ { "ja": "おもってたのとまるっきり違いますねえ。", "furigana": "おもってたのとまるっきり{違|ちが}いますねえ。", "en": "It's really different from what I expected.", "tatoeba_id": 227488 }, { "ja": "これは私の欲しいものとまるっきり反対だ。", "en": "This is quite contrary to what I want.", "tatoeba_id": 218293 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d24ffa5077d28c2f8329a97b760e14ae280d7cee32879363c01c676887a7b84e", "meanings": [ "完全" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "おもってたのとまるっきり違いますねえ。", "zh": "和我想的完全不一样。" }, { "ja": "これは私の欲しいものとまるっきり反対だ。", "zh": "这和我想要的完全相反。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7d2fc5b5b0", "JMdict ent_seq 1216270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c7fc6ab6fc17d28ba19a4999949241e1e9312279077d18571f9c3c59cd7fd80e" } }, { "id": "65cd5f0ee7", "word": "丸々", "reading": "まるまる", "romaji": "marumaru", "meanings": [ "completely" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adv-to" ], "jmdict_id": 1604260, "examples": [ { "ja": "明日で丸々１週間雨が降り続く事になっているでしょう。", "en": "It will have been raining a whole week tomorrow.", "tatoeba_id": 80591 }, { "ja": "家畜はみんなまるまるしている。", "furigana": "{家畜|かちく}はみんなまるまるしている。", "en": "Their cattle are all fat.", "tatoeba_id": 186920 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "de3877644e96bcad35332bf162fdb432d60202b2148f8cd9e81bb9a172d5b27a", "meanings": [ "整个", "圆胖" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "明日で丸々１週間雨が降り続く事になっているでしょう。", "zh": "到明天就整整连续下雨一周了。" }, { "ja": "家畜はみんなまるまるしている。", "zh": "家畜都长得圆胖。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/65cd5f0ee7", "JMdict ent_seq 1604260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d78d2f3eae39a4cff73d1ca2eb60a946d4e816a1f0e7e9862346fc722ac1d1c5" } }, { "id": "ada31963c3", "word": "丸める", "reading": "まるめる", "romaji": "marumeru", "meanings": [ "to make round", "to round off", "to roll up", "to curl up", "to seduce", "to cajole", "to explain away" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1216300, "examples": [ { "ja": "より寒い日には、体を丸めたり、雪の中に穴を掘ったりする。", "furigana": "より{寒|さむ}い{日|ひ}には、{体|からだ}を{丸|まる}めたり、{雪|ゆき}の{中|なか}に{穴|あな}を{掘|ほ}ったりする。", "en": "On colder days, they curl up or dig a hole in the snow.", "tatoeba_id": 192712 }, { "ja": "彼はその紙を握りつぶして丸めた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{紙|かみ}を{握|にぎ}りつぶして{丸|まる}めた。", "en": "He crushed the sheet of paper up into a ball.", "tatoeba_id": 112808 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5b1596fd5d01f7d93c75e5ecc2fb7a79e2120385214fbc91e476377f565ebffb", "meanings": [ "揉成团", "卷起" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "より寒い日には、体を丸めたり、雪の中に穴を掘ったりする。", "zh": "更冷的日子里，它们会蜷起身体或在雪中挖洞。" }, { "ja": "彼はその紙を握りつぶして丸めた。", "zh": "他把纸揉成一团。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ada31963c3", "JMdict ent_seq 1216300; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ac487238781aaec4c1ac00f9f5b34251c5770cc56a16051cef64bb8d228b8e9e" } }, { "id": "d172705e37", "word": "満月", "reading": "まんげつ", "romaji": "mangetsu", "meanings": [ "full moon" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1526770, "examples": [ { "ja": "満月でしたか新月でしたか。", "furigana": "{満月|まんげつ}でしたか{新月|しんげつ}でしたか。", "en": "Was it a full moon or a new moon?", "tatoeba_id": 81080 }, { "ja": "あの日見えたのは満月でした。", "furigana": "あの{日|ひ}{見|み}えたのは{満月|まんげつ}でした。", "en": "It was a full moon that was seen that day.", "tatoeba_id": 230509 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d31dd822740d5cf990d1e806c60d7e591919c4ba12b5c7777f9cca55456d7866", "meanings": [ "满月" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "満月でしたか新月でしたか。", "zh": "是满月还是新月？" }, { "ja": "あの日見えたのは満月でした。", "zh": "那天看到的是满月。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d172705e37", "JMdict ent_seq 1526770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1a60ae427ce1d8b4c2c3471a61ba2321feab00aa6fd80f9caa31ed9d5a501346" } }, { "id": "f7ffaf9ec1", "word": "満場", "reading": "まんじょう", "romaji": "manjou", "meanings": [ "unanimous", "whole audience" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1526820, "examples": [ { "ja": "非常にうまい洒落だったので、満場爆笑した。", "furigana": "{非常|ひじょう}にうまい{洒落|しゃれ}だったので、{満場|まんじょう}{爆笑|ばくしょう}した。", "en": "It was such a nice joke that everybody burst out laughing.", "tatoeba_id": 85776 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4ccc60f6324772f958fb80442a66907e53fdbbee4b209e4d9e83f6793b2f1e75", "meanings": [ "全场" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "非常にうまい洒落だったので、満場爆笑した。", "zh": "那个双关语非常巧妙，全场大笑。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f7ffaf9ec1", "JMdict ent_seq 1526820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ca279e5ba0d0d95acbcd9cee2944e381c53b15dd1210f1e4d0618d3623fec617" } }, { "id": "c87b23e06b", "word": "真ん前", "reading": "まんまえ", "romaji": "manmae", "meanings": [ "right in front", "under the nose" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1363350, "examples": [ { "ja": "その店はちょうど駅の真ん前にあります。", "furigana": "その{店|みせ}はちょうど{駅|えき}の{真|ま}ん{前|まえ}にあります。", "en": "The shop is just in front of the station.", "tatoeba_id": 207638 }, { "ja": "郵便局は銀行のちょうど真ん前だよ。", "furigana": "{郵便局|ゆうびんきょく}は{銀行|ぎんこう}のちょうど{真|ま}ん{前|まえ}だよ。", "en": "The post office is just across from the bank.", "tatoeba_id": 79169 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1e9888ab788337f5522dd0cdfd97287a86d6de34e3a379ac500c64549ccfcc5a", "meanings": [ "正前方" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その店はちょうど駅の真ん前にあります。", "zh": "那家店就在车站正前方。" }, { "ja": "郵便局は銀行のちょうど真ん前だよ。", "zh": "邮局就在银行正前方。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c87b23e06b", "JMdict ent_seq 1363350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f27dd0bb9f3a3a87e1d5b8e32bb5709a70385eccce05317f85d2e33c4f97369e" } }, { "id": "61b39f2848", "word": "真ん丸い", "reading": "まんまるい", "romaji": "manmarui", "meanings": [ "perfectly circular" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1363330, "examples": [ { "ja": "月が真ん丸く明るい。", "en": "The moon is perfectly round and bright." }, { "ja": "彼女は真ん丸い球を描いた。", "en": "She drew a perfectly round ball." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bcbbf06e5388d4aded449a7bb44850b68a0b1959e0b6c5c523495037bd77c98d", "meanings": [ "圆圆的" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "月が真ん丸く明るい。", "zh": "月亮又圆又亮。" }, { "ja": "彼女は真ん丸い球を描いた。", "zh": "她画了一个圆圆的球。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/61b39f2848", "JMdict ent_seq 1363330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e0f80ecee10a49b55f3c35dbcf6673431a424662c45b5f475dec906d0f779b59" } }, { "id": "68e9c896bf", "word": "三", "reading": "み", "romaji": "mi", "meanings": [ "three" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "num" ], "jmdict_id": 1579350, "examples": [ { "ja": "机の上にリンゴが三つある。", "en": "There are three apples on the desk." }, { "ja": "私は三つの品を買った。", "en": "I bought three items." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c1c34101eed63398ddb14b7f70bd956c768d50f71c820776ec21a3d4497f1fc7", "meanings": [ "三" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "机の上にリンゴが三つある。", "zh": "桌上有三个苹果。" }, { "ja": "私は三つの品を買った。", "zh": "我买了三样东西。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/68e9c896bf", "JMdict ent_seq 1579350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "み为和语数词读法，常见于三つ等形式。", "review_hash": "95bdebc19914b2225894fe2579709b82755b967f6aa65fe46d8195b36f04d003" } }, { "id": "7e068a9494", "word": "見合い", "reading": "みあい", "romaji": "miai", "meanings": [ "formal marriage interview" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1259550, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼がおじさんの世話で今日見合いをすることを知っています。", "en": "I know that he will be introduced to a lady by his uncle today.", "tatoeba_id": 154590 }, { "ja": "場所の確認：見合いの場所を本人か付き添い人が下見をしておきましょう。", "furigana": "{場所|ばしょ}の{確認|かくにん}：{見合|みあ}いの{場所|ばしょ}を{本人|ほんにん}か{付|つ}き{添|そ}い{人|にん}が{下見|したみ}をしておきましょう。", "en": "Location check: The parties involved themselves or their attendants should look over the place for the miai meeting in advance.", "tatoeba_id": 76002 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f1ef2f79b97e73000f443ef03f12fece1385de7edf3dde99284dc0c5117ff054", "meanings": [ "相亲" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼がおじさんの世話で今日見合いをすることを知っています。", "zh": "我知道他今天经叔叔安排要相亲。" }, { "ja": "場所の確認：見合いの場所を本人か付き添い人が下見をしておきましょう。", "zh": "确认地点：本人或陪同者应事先查看相亲地点。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7e068a9494", "JMdict ent_seq 1259550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "06cf0586ebb096c7cf15101e26cd81cbeaa426d1704f791d3f0e53256656a71b" } }, { "id": "c0f31ccbd4", "word": "見合わせる", "reading": "みあわせる", "romaji": "miawaseru", "meanings": [ "to exchange glances", "to postpone", "to suspend operations", "to refrain from performing an action" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1259570, "examples": [ { "ja": "ガラクタを見て、彼らは互いに顔を見合わせました。", "furigana": "ガラクタを{見|み}て、{彼|かれ}らは{互|たが}いに{顔|かお}を{見合|みあ}わせました。", "en": "They looked at the rubbish, then they looked at each other.", "tatoeba_id": 226196 }, { "ja": "私たちはお互いに顔を見合わせた。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}たちはお{互|たが}いに{顔|かお}を{見合|みあ}わせた。", "en": "We looked at each other.", "tatoeba_id": 166584 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "793e90dcae29df7f89377669e9b22222af436a3cda9cd48457ee94ca503d1a56", "meanings": [ "互看", "暂缓" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ガラクタを見て、彼らは互いに顔を見合わせました。", "zh": "看到那些破烂，他们互相看了一眼。" }, { "ja": "私たちはお互いに顔を見合わせた。", "zh": "我们面面相觑。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c0f31ccbd4", "JMdict ent_seq 1259570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6fc7665c97363bb9a00f8e7c4416ddfbba136150bd78172d67abbebad737d87c" } }, { "id": "4b53630a67", "word": "見落とす", "reading": "みおとす", "romaji": "miotosu", "meanings": [ "to overlook", "to fail to notice" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1260140, "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカ人は何を見落としているのだろうか。", "furigana": "アメリカ{人|じん}は{何|なに}を{見落|みお}としているのだろうか。", "en": "What are Americans overlooking?", "tatoeba_id": 230110 }, { "ja": "その家は教会の向かいだから見落とすはずはない。", "furigana": "その{家|いえ}は{教会|きょうかい}の{向|む}かいだから{見落|みお}とすはずはない。", "en": "The house is opposite the church. You can't miss it.", "tatoeba_id": 212092 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7eee1fd849ce15d319d83d70c782a8dbbc6c4891552a411c4ff252d1eb9e06b0", "meanings": [ "忽略" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカ人は何を見落としているのだろうか。", "zh": "美国人忽略了什么呢？" }, { "ja": "その家は教会の向かいだから見落とすはずはない。", "zh": "那房子在教堂对面，不可能看漏。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4b53630a67", "JMdict ent_seq 1260140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b4920ed999a3618052107a5b76c76f56f34fd3c2d3409033be85d7e1874176c9" } }, { "id": "b93e0a31d0", "word": "未開", "reading": "みかい", "romaji": "mikai", "meanings": [ "savage land", "backward region", "uncivilized" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1527190, "examples": [ { "ja": "その当時、そこには未開民族が住んでいた。", "furigana": "その{当時|とうじ}、そこには{未開|みかい}{民族|みんぞく}が{住|す}んでいた。", "en": "A savage tribe lived there in those days.", "tatoeba_id": 207470 }, { "ja": "その島にはまだ未開の種族がいる。", "en": "There are still some savage tribes on that island.", "tatoeba_id": 207507 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9fc801ab6145057dd5a691ed5dbab3f4fc00cb04b6a113034e891fda8e99d003", "meanings": [ "未开发", "未开化" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その当時、そこには未開民族が住んでいた。", "zh": "当时那里住着被称为未开化的民族。" }, { "ja": "その島にはまだ未開の種族がいる。", "zh": "那个岛上还有被称为未开化的族群。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b93e0a31d0", "JMdict ent_seq 1527190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "历史语境中的“未开化”带有价值判断，使用时需注意。", "review_hash": "df0f0358a8a0d5391a9ae6429849a49fea91072e1d54fa5bfd3fb9b804ddc3aa" } }, { "id": "fad263d0b1", "word": "味覚", "reading": "みかく", "romaji": "mikaku", "meanings": [ "taste", "palate", "sense of taste" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1527020, "examples": [ { "ja": "風邪で彼の味覚は鈍くなっていた。", "en": "A cold dulled his taste.", "tatoeba_id": 83978 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ad9f6afd033f362f75a7f55a78bd8e77af2388bf9735c681943fc25ffff2e516", "meanings": [ "味觉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "風邪で彼の味覚は鈍くなっていた。", "zh": "他因感冒味觉变迟钝了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fad263d0b1", "JMdict ent_seq 1527020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8a803b2c1bacfc0c31bedc5f0aa465e308176e92219dc1db94b0522d42404078" } }, { "id": "62dfbdbf3f", "word": "見掛ける", "reading": "みかける", "romaji": "mikakeru", "meanings": [ "to (happen to) see", "to notice", "to catch sight of" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1604430, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は安室奈美恵を見かけた。", "en": "I caught sight of Namie Amuro.", "tatoeba_id": 158557 }, { "ja": "彼は最近あまり見かけなくなった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{最近|さいきん}あまり{見|み}かけなくなった。", "en": "He hasn't been much in evidence recently.", "tatoeba_id": 106970 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d76ec0db1bd7ef6d94f7cd926591679392f2bac053b5310810c93c58383b8ad7", "meanings": [ "看到" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は安室奈美恵を見かけた。", "zh": "我看见了安室奈美惠。" }, { "ja": "彼は最近あまり見かけなくなった。", "zh": "最近不太看到他了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/62dfbdbf3f", "JMdict ent_seq 1604430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8ad01c349a4a059c50f9ac4d7bc0fea89bc3f2581d75700f743514a8d92a0e55" } }, { "id": "63607fd708", "word": "見方", "reading": "みかた", "romaji": "mikata", "meanings": [ "viewpoint" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1260070, "examples": [ { "ja": "その戦争は日本人の核兵器に対する見方に影響を与えた。", "furigana": "その{戦争|せんそう}は{日本人|にほんじん}の{核兵器|かくへいき}に{対|たい}する{見方|みかた}に{影響|えいきょう}を{与|あた}えた。", "en": "The war affected the way the Japanese view nuclear weapons.", "tatoeba_id": 208468 }, { "ja": "私の見方ではもう少し待つほうがよさそうだ。", "en": "From my point of view, it would be better to wait a little longer.", "tatoeba_id": 163724 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e9479d1ace62acfc2b422fcc8382b33ab10bf68b75f5e0a4d3484a0e9d308e8d", "meanings": [ "看法" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その戦争は日本人の核兵器に対する見方に影響を与えた。", "zh": "那场战争影响了日本人对核武器的看法。" }, { "ja": "私の見方ではもう少し待つほうがよさそうだ。", "zh": "在我看来再等一会儿似乎更好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/63607fd708", "JMdict ent_seq 1260070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8a184ab4b1551f0ff411deb4c3ae04532c7b60b6271d09ab02f6ea4b8d3ff599" } }, { "id": "64a9f67d24", "word": "幹", "reading": "みき", "romaji": "miki", "meanings": [ "(tree) trunk" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1577640, "examples": [ { "ja": "きつつきは、長く尖ったくちばしで、木の幹をつついて、中にいる虫を食べます。", "en": "Woodpeckers peck tree trunks with their long pointed beaks and eat insects found there.", "tatoeba_id": 76788 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c2b5a8c31ffe18385e0c053043e478f85e662ce3d5db6403b11a741ad33cf2d4", "meanings": [ "树干" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "きつつきは、長く尖ったくちばしで、木の幹をつついて、中にいる虫を食べます。", "zh": "啄木鸟用长而尖的嘴啄树干，吃里面的虫子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/64a9f67d24", "JMdict ent_seq 1577640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2ef57807ebefac5bd0a560a0941b7372d60ccfd5616a6504308013a419a92f8c" } }, { "id": "88bc3515f2", "word": "見苦しい", "reading": "みぐるしい", "romaji": "migurushii", "meanings": [ "unsightly", "ugly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1259500, "examples": [ { "ja": "ここだけの話だけれど、あの太った見苦しい魔女は減量中なのだ。", "en": "Between ourselves, the fat ugly witch is on a diet.", "tatoeba_id": 224679 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f035ed003f10dc4f1cf1e62c5aedc753fa1e5e0658922a53f9be5a3b1a70b448", "meanings": [ "难看", "不体面" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ここだけの話だけれど、あの太った見苦しい魔女は減量中なのだ。", "zh": "私下说，那位肥胖难看的女巫正在减肥。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/88bc3515f2", "JMdict ent_seq 1259500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1f39001b099d1383a6a35cf1d0f7171986a4b04253bceab4eca48aa4d16e4554" } }, { "id": "2b0e48cde1", "word": "見込み", "reading": "みこみ", "romaji": "mikomi", "meanings": [ "hope", "prospects", "expectation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1604480, "examples": [ { "ja": "そんな計画はほとんど成功する見込みはありません。", "furigana": "そんな{計画|けいかく}はほとんど{成功|せいこう}する{見込|みこ}みはありません。", "en": "Such a plan can hardly succeed.", "tatoeba_id": 204156 }, { "ja": "彼は失敗しそうな見込みだそうだ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{失敗|しっぱい}しそうな{見込|みこ}みだそうだ。", "en": "It is said that he is likely to fail.", "tatoeba_id": 104759 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c43697d9b5422db583de8117b233d1299d123b6da2a64b8856513d3cfbc5ca52", "meanings": [ "前景", "可能性" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そんな計画はほとんど成功する見込みはありません。", "zh": "那样的计划几乎没有成功的希望。" }, { "ja": "彼は失敗しそうな見込みだそうだ。", "zh": "听说他很可能失败。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2b0e48cde1", "JMdict ent_seq 1604480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4ab2e9834bb197e41d509b227355876aecb14fb9e5f57710e7cf38a2f02e3b2f" } }, { "id": "bd247508be", "word": "未婚", "reading": "みこん", "romaji": "mikon", "meanings": [ "unmarried" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1527480, "examples": [ { "ja": "その実験は未婚の男性１００人を対象に行われた。", "en": "The experiment was made on a hundred unmarried males.", "tatoeba_id": 209633 }, { "ja": "彼は未婚だけど子供がいた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{未婚|みこん}だけど{子供|こども}がいた。", "en": "He had a child even though he wasn't married.", "tatoeba_id": 493696 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0f49276153545087e1181d84be065b8c8195e8a09f7e35ff16703947a0434e5f", "meanings": [ "未婚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その実験は未婚の男性１００人を対象に行われた。", "zh": "实验以一百名未婚男性为对象。" }, { "ja": "彼は未婚だけど子供がいた。", "zh": "他未婚，但有孩子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bd247508be", "JMdict ent_seq 1527480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "db0289e01c4558699805558fe6916cce5305c7f85204ac55908fd45578501349" } }, { "id": "1534662816", "word": "未熟", "reading": "みじゅく", "romaji": "mijuku", "meanings": [ "inexperience", "unripeness", "raw", "unskilled", "immature", "inexperienced" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1527560, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼のフランス語の知識は未熟だ。", "en": "His knowledge of French is poor.", "tatoeba_id": 118257 }, { "ja": "彼は商売はまだ未熟だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{商売|しょうばい}はまだ{未熟|みじゅく}だ。", "en": "He is still green in business.", "tatoeba_id": 104187 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "340b741dedd743fb52923fbe39387eb4de4db68a0a650087296a7956ff1f556f", "meanings": [ "不成熟", "生疏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼のフランス語の知識は未熟だ。", "zh": "他的法语知识还不成熟。" }, { "ja": "彼は商売はまだ未熟だ。", "zh": "他做生意还不熟练。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1534662816", "JMdict ent_seq 1527560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "991a7fcbd3232f2368bab93f7aca1f543631ab23798318449802cf990a3dae1e" } }, { "id": "2bbc3577e1", "word": "微塵", "reading": "みじん", "romaji": "mijin", "meanings": [ "particle", "atom" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1486050, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼には親切心などみじんもない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}には{親切心|しんせつしん}などみじんもない。", "en": "He doesn't have a particle of kindness in his heart.", "tatoeba_id": 118809 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2a448c4559ba1eaeda1aeb56048dd488b4be6232f8c6aedc3304bfda3aa08263", "meanings": [ "微尘", "一点也不" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼には親切心などみじんもない。", "zh": "他一点善心也没有。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2bbc3577e1", "JMdict ent_seq 1486050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e0c4e51a86b62d66bc22d23638b6fa78041dbba0a51209e8339cdcf60658dfd9" } }, { "id": "434fc61861", "word": "水気", "reading": "みずけ", "romaji": "mizuke", "meanings": [ "moisture", "dampness", "vapor", "dropsy", "edema" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1371390, "other_readings": [ "すいき" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "お風呂から上がって脱衣所に入る時は、タオルでしっかり水気を拭き取りましょう。", "en": "When you get out of the bath, dry yourself off before going into the dressing room.", "tatoeba_id": 9681803 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "96ce218393ca796ab9c3867da65299b0dc66c2fff7403edde7e62788a89b3122", "meanings": [ "水分", "湿气" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "お風呂から上がって脱衣所に入る時は、タオルでしっかり水気を拭き取りましょう。", "zh": "从浴室进入更衣室时，请用毛巾擦干水分。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/434fc61861", "JMdict ent_seq 1371390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3a05f00a94c23b51954f1a212559b4185254901f07989519948a3bb5027297d1" } }, { "id": "2606862998", "word": "ミスプリント", "reading": "ミスプリント", "romaji": "misupurinto", "meanings": [ "misprint" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1130830, "examples": [ { "ja": "この教科書は、急いで印刷したためにミスプリントがたくさんある。", "furigana": "この{教科書|きょうかしょ}は、{急|いそ}いで{印刷|いんさつ}したためにミスプリントがたくさんある。", "en": "This textbook, having been printed in haste, has a lot of printing mistakes.", "tatoeba_id": 222353 }, { "ja": "ミスプリントのないような本はほとんどない。", "furigana": "ミスプリントのないような{本|ほん}はほとんどない。", "en": "There are few books without misprints.", "tatoeba_id": 195102 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "81b5ed65e7f74d3b0312063d46dbac653bf418360da2771b25380e738b9be8e6", "meanings": [ "印刷错误" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この教科書は、急いで印刷したためにミスプリントがたくさんある。", "zh": "这本教科书因为印得匆忙，有很多印刷错误。" }, { "ja": "ミスプリントのないような本はほとんどない。", "zh": "几乎没有完全没有印刷错误的书。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2606862998", "JMdict ent_seq 1130830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5e25de4aaaa2b77310193a853c0b424fee4fbdf48b557a3a4a45a93c0db13b04" } }, { "id": "e4c887588d", "word": "見すぼらしい", "reading": "みすぼらしい", "romaji": "misuborashii", "meanings": [ "shabby", "seedy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1259180, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はみすぼらしい小さいおうちを見ましたが急いで通り過ぎてしまいませんでした。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はみすぼらしい{小|ちい}さいおうちを{見|み}ましたが{急|いそ}いで{通|とお}り{過|す}ぎてしまいませんでした。", "en": "She saw the shabby little house, but she didn't hurry by.", "tatoeba_id": 91430 }, { "ja": "彼らはみすぼらしい小さな家に住んでいる。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはみすぼらしい{小|ちい}さな{家|いえ}に{住|す}んでいる。", "en": "They live in a wretched little house.", "tatoeba_id": 97657 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c9d65b611d9aed9e920e645be46f91a63ed26db6fd1c1be2f573ec275571fdad", "meanings": [ "寒酸", "破旧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はみすぼらしい小さいおうちを見ましたが急いで通り過ぎてしまいませんでした。", "zh": "她看到了那座破旧的小房子，但没有匆匆走过。" }, { "ja": "彼らはみすぼらしい小さな家に住んでいる。", "zh": "他们住在一座破旧的小房子里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e4c887588d", "JMdict ent_seq 1259180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "428ab4cc9e8958678f41abcbf0833f6f169b8e76b10e90d3ef33be054456b4af" } }, { "id": "4b7e4383b0", "word": "ミセス", "reading": "ミセス", "romaji": "misesu", "meanings": [ "Mrs." ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1130880, "examples": [ { "ja": "ミセス・スミスはここにいます。", "en": "Mrs Smith is here." }, { "ja": "手紙をミセス・ジョーンズに渡してください。", "en": "Please give the letter to Mrs Jones." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cce5506683e8d4e27f812bd92a9064e7c540986efc331b8506508284489504f7", "meanings": [ "夫人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ミセス・スミスはここにいます。", "zh": "史密斯夫人在这里。" }, { "ja": "手紙をミセス・ジョーンズに渡してください。", "zh": "请把信交给琼斯夫人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4b7e4383b0", "JMdict ent_seq 1130880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ad6ce381ed9194b11059d3b266d61f4cfe311526b297ce9940bc0b96a566384f" } }, { "id": "0ac82e3b35", "word": "見せびらかす", "reading": "みせびらかす", "romaji": "misebirakasu", "meanings": [ "to show off", "to flaunt" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1259200, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は宝石を得意げに見せびらかした。", "en": "She proudly displayed her jewels.", "tatoeba_id": 86737 }, { "ja": "彼は新しい時計を見せびらかした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{新|あたら}しい{時計|とけい}を{見|み}せびらかした。", "en": "He showed off his new watch.", "tatoeba_id": 103801 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "32321ebb65d41d6839f876ebe52d285c8df6f470c55272adf0b75340432b2de3", "meanings": [ "炫耀" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は宝石を得意げに見せびらかした。", "zh": "她得意地炫耀珠宝。" }, { "ja": "彼は新しい時計を見せびらかした。", "zh": "他炫耀了新手表。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0ac82e3b35", "JMdict ent_seq 1259200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f5316c1d44b73bae4b01e2e0007ad76b5cc0bea0c4de6dec74f4a42bf879f730" } }, { "id": "8cfbd85b71", "word": "見せ物", "reading": "みせもの", "romaji": "misemono", "meanings": [ "show", "exhibition" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1259240, "examples": [ { "ja": "街で見せ物が行われた。", "en": "A show was held in the street." }, { "ja": "皆が見せ物を見た。", "en": "Everyone watched the show." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "88edd285c3e913b2d6cadf76a151f92d6612a62c3ce5c4c17080da273fd91535", "meanings": [ "表演", "展览" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "街で見せ物が行われた。", "zh": "街头举行了一场表演。" }, { "ja": "皆が見せ物を見た。", "zh": "大家观看了展览。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8cfbd85b71", "JMdict ent_seq 1259240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b7e8440d065aa4fa5a71984109f54ec709a1f1c7eede68a9b9b2ca3fa88fc3b1" } }, { "id": "084bab949b", "word": "満たす", "reading": "みたす", "romaji": "mitasu", "meanings": [ "to satisfy", "to ingratiate", "to fill", "to fulfill" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1526670, "examples": [ { "ja": "このコップをミルクで満たした。", "furigana": "このコップをミルクで{満|み}たした。", "en": "I filled this glass with milk.", "tatoeba_id": 223794 }, { "ja": "この仕事はわれわれの必要条件を満たしていない。", "furigana": "この{仕事|しごと}はわれわれの{必要条件|ひつようじょうけん}を{満|み}たしていない。", "en": "This work does not meet our requirements.", "tatoeba_id": 221819 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f705ebf5772e6fd84328085e36c2d592ac64a04364c3f5d38628a412a4f63dc2", "meanings": [ "满足", "填满" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このコップをミルクで満たした。", "zh": "我把这个杯子装满牛奶。" }, { "ja": "この仕事はわれわれの必要条件を満たしていない。", "zh": "这份工作不符合我们的必要条件。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/084bab949b", "JMdict ent_seq 1526670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5ca4732cc0cb2bfc14dcf9721c9aa2269bdc6f0431d7887dd54a3cdf28f509a1" } }, { "id": "492bf6e2fc", "word": "乱す", "reading": "みだす", "romaji": "midasu", "meanings": [ "to throw out of order", "to disarrange", "to disturb" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1548930, "examples": [ { "ja": "父は私の楽観を乱さないことにした。", "en": "My father chose not to disturb my optimism.", "tatoeba_id": 84491 }, { "ja": "彼はその知らせに心を乱した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{知|し}らせに{心|こころ}を{乱|みだ}した。", "en": "He was agitated by the news.", "tatoeba_id": 112535 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "00e19414c7f229eeb8ce637455e5d40bdbe11dc9a037184763cd7929e7d00a87", "meanings": [ "扰乱", "弄乱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "父は私の楽観を乱さないことにした。", "zh": "父亲决定不破坏我的乐观情绪。" }, { "ja": "彼はその知らせに心を乱した。", "zh": "那个消息使他心烦意乱。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/492bf6e2fc", "JMdict ent_seq 1548930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "97846f88e01543986eb51da82f365d141468d27e54e73c15303a552711ee36d4" } }, { "id": "affcd995c2", "word": "乱れる", "reading": "みだれる", "romaji": "midareru", "meanings": [ "to get confused", "to be disordered", "to be disturbed" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1548940, "examples": [ { "ja": "ダイヤが乱れていた。", "furigana": "ダイヤが{乱|みだ}れていた。", "en": "The timetable was disrupted.", "tatoeba_id": 203883 }, { "ja": "雷雨のため列車のダイヤが乱れた。", "furigana": "{雷雨|らいう}のため{列車|れっしゃ}のダイヤが{乱|みだ}れた。", "en": "Trains were disrupted due to a thunderstorm.", "tatoeba_id": 78548 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c77e417d7d58d75f1a45ab4d324ea7766b4326687c5974553d2391dce6aa5d1f", "meanings": [ "混乱", "紊乱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ダイヤが乱れていた。", "zh": "列车时刻乱了。" }, { "ja": "雷雨のため列車のダイヤが乱れた。", "zh": "雷雨使列车时刻混乱。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/affcd995c2", "JMdict ent_seq 1548940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "19fc7079da47ba329fc18c7bb1a2c8b158637b6fc2d2b85673517ad669571ea5" } }, { "id": "5fe2bc62e1", "word": "未知", "reading": "みち", "romaji": "michi", "meanings": [ "not yet known" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1527770, "examples": [ { "ja": "既知のことは未知のことと区別しなくてはならない。", "furigana": "{既知|きち}のことは{未知|みち}のことと{区別|くべつ}しなくてはならない。", "en": "The known must be separated from the unknown.", "tatoeba_id": 183399 }, { "ja": "ソフイーは未知の差し出し人からまた手紙が来るのを心待ちにしていた。", "en": "Sophie had been looking forward to getting another letter from the unknown sender.", "tatoeba_id": 205991 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "569f7fd04bf8bd3598d9f34b22ca154238f18f2a3ee050d844e4ca82baf74c99", "meanings": [ "未知" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "既知のことは未知のことと区別しなくてはならない。", "zh": "必须把已知与未知区分开。" }, { "ja": "ソフイーは未知の差し出し人からまた手紙が来るのを心待ちにしていた。", "zh": "索菲期待着再次收到未知寄件人的来信。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5fe2bc62e1", "JMdict ent_seq 1527770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b6f1bbf5119c369a1f692f361866bb9a645f67ea3bd739bb5ed91e6c2c842149" } }, { "id": "72f6bc6de3", "word": "身近", "reading": "みぢか", "romaji": "mijika", "meanings": [ "near oneself", "close to one", "familiar" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1365650, "examples": [ { "ja": "そもそも事故の大半は熱帯雨林ではなく、身近な場所でおこるのである。", "en": "Most accidents, after all, happen around the corner, not in the rainforest.", "tatoeba_id": 205984 }, { "ja": "身近にいないと忘れ去られる。", "en": "Out of sight, out of mind.", "tatoeba_id": 144739 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "84eabdd97401b231f10b125cd82b97512c85b8be6bfd18f90b279bda9b58fb56", "meanings": [ "身边", "熟悉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そもそも事故の大半は熱帯雨林ではなく、身近な場所でおこるのである。", "zh": "事实上，大多数事故并非发生在热带雨林，而是发生在身边。" }, { "ja": "身近にいないと忘れ去られる。", "zh": "不在身边就会被遗忘。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/72f6bc6de3", "JMdict ent_seq 1365650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "03b3c3c8d0cb20b65a23d15b00d3cccb672cb67ee17614071e9277014268e9e3" } }, { "id": "cfaa0c9c42", "word": "導く", "reading": "みちびく", "romaji": "michibiku", "meanings": [ "to guide", "to lead", "to deduce" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1453680, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は老人を部屋に導いた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{老人|ろうじん}を{部屋|へや}に{導|みちび}いた。", "en": "She led the old man into the room.", "tatoeba_id": 86201 }, { "ja": "彼らは星に導かれてその島に着いた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{星|ほし}に{導|みちび}かれてその{島|しま}に{着|つ}いた。", "en": "Guided by the star, they reached the island.", "tatoeba_id": 96739 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ff2626807044fe28773d8f509eac0a307b5ae1a8be48bd21b32af877d429625e", "meanings": [ "引导", "推导" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は老人を部屋に導いた。", "zh": "她把老人领进房间。" }, { "ja": "彼らは星に導かれてその島に着いた。", "zh": "他们在星星的指引下到达了那座岛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cfaa0c9c42", "JMdict ent_seq 1453680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3f8fc3a927535d32a15d9474bb197f7edd58722d1cc5ffc1b138292039d28137" } }, { "id": "05164a42ee", "word": "蜜", "reading": "みつ", "romaji": "mitsu", "meanings": [ "nectar", "honey" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1647880, "examples": [ { "ja": "口の中には蜜、心の中には毒。", "furigana": "{口|くち}の{中|なか}には{蜜|みつ}、{心|こころ}の{中|なか}には{毒|どく}。", "en": "Honey in the mouth and poison in the heart.", "tatoeba_id": 173929 }, { "ja": "ミツバチは我々に蜜を与えてくれる。", "furigana": "ミツバチは{我々|われわれ}に{蜜|みつ}を{与|あた}えてくれる。", "en": "Bees provide honey for us.", "tatoeba_id": 195091 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "297d561f0727c8fe34bfb09e0aaee3375eb595c1d64d1ac4095ded238bfde494", "meanings": [ "花蜜", "蜂蜜" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "口の中には蜜、心の中には毒。", "zh": "嘴里是蜜，心里是毒。" }, { "ja": "ミツバチは我々に蜜を与えてくれる。", "zh": "蜜蜂给我们提供蜂蜜。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/05164a42ee", "JMdict ent_seq 1647880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b254a8a171e57afc491ce3630e35966f57c627bf309927f373497d69393ad429" } }, { "id": "64374f31d6", "word": "密集", "reading": "みっしゅう", "romaji": "misshuu", "meanings": [ "crowd", "close formation", "dense" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1528280, "examples": [ { "ja": "この森には野ブドウが密集して生えている。", "en": "There is a dense growth of vines in this forest.", "tatoeba_id": 221018 }, { "ja": "そこは新しい家が密集する地域だ。", "furigana": "そこは{新|あたら}しい{家|いえ}が{密集|みっしゅう}する{地域|ちいき}だ。", "en": "It's an area crowded with new houses.", "tatoeba_id": 213610 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c5a466821e9ab2fcf8f9f2419faf8355134690f8322e0b922ca1aef422cb4598", "meanings": [ "密集" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この森には野ブドウが密集して生えている。", "zh": "这片森林里野葡萄密集生长。" }, { "ja": "そこは新しい家が密集する地域だ。", "zh": "那里是新房子密集的地区。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/64374f31d6", "JMdict ent_seq 1528280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "041c26b65ffd5fd07ce5925e86cfd2017838de740e91ac64ac7eb3328854b951" } }, { "id": "aac21ad21e", "word": "密接", "reading": "みっせつ", "romaji": "missetsu", "meanings": [ "related", "connected", "close", "intimate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1528290, "examples": [ { "ja": "オランダ語はドイツ語と密接なつながりがある。", "en": "Dutch is closely related to German.", "tatoeba_id": 227472 }, { "ja": "両国はお互いに密接な関係がある。", "en": "The two countries are closely related to each other.", "tatoeba_id": 78106 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3c1cd3460ea06c6bbee3081b85161893c937bc1ffb97a65dd61f5adb280125fe", "meanings": [ "密切" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "オランダ語はドイツ語と密接なつながりがある。", "zh": "荷兰语和德语有密切联系。" }, { "ja": "両国はお互いに密接な関係がある。", "zh": "两国彼此关系密切。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aac21ad21e", "JMdict ent_seq 1528290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c3827e0ab05a13dccf253639d2f2d21f00e0651fa51dc5208d07b154a0c3e2bf" } }, { "id": "14c9478686", "word": "密度", "reading": "みつど", "romaji": "mitsudo", "meanings": [ "density" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1528320, "examples": [ { "ja": "この町は人口密度が高い。", "en": "This town has a high population density." }, { "ja": "液体の密度を測定してください。", "en": "Please measure the density of the liquid." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9b45547e745499358576dd50d44ca682418297190d29c0f18860a906ef3a7f2a", "meanings": [ "密度" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この町は人口密度が高い。", "zh": "这个城市人口密度很高。" }, { "ja": "液体の密度を測定してください。", "zh": "请测量液体的密度。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/14c9478686", "JMdict ent_seq 1528320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f41034bfbe7905248bf5465f24d31cad87909459ee3233620a752ff8d7c97566" } }, { "id": "567666993e", "word": "見積り", "reading": "みつもり", "romaji": "mitsumori", "meanings": [ "estimation", "quotation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1604590, "examples": [ { "ja": "特別価格の見積りです。", "en": "We have quoted special prices.", "tatoeba_id": 123444 }, { "ja": "月曜までに確定見積もりが必要です。", "en": "We need a firm quotation by Monday.", "tatoeba_id": 175605 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c665fcd4539e33101d4f044b8bd1716cc338d368e8f25180b15164d5fa81c618", "meanings": [ "估价", "报价" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "特別価格の見積りです。", "zh": "这是特别价格的报价。" }, { "ja": "月曜までに確定見積もりが必要です。", "zh": "周一之前需要确定报价。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/567666993e", "JMdict ent_seq 1604590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8d2d9af7887e3ed0136ad8da25ff93882a8be8ba93e9d993dabe8cd12b9d3fda" } }, { "id": "7c7723d97e", "word": "未定", "reading": "みてい", "romaji": "mitei", "meanings": [ "not yet fixed", "undecided", "pending" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1527830, "examples": [ { "ja": "計画はまだ未定である。", "furigana": "{計画|けいかく}はまだ{未定|みてい}である。", "en": "The plans are still up in the air.", "tatoeba_id": 176433 }, { "ja": "新工場の建設用地はまだ未定である。", "en": "The site for the new factory has not been decided.", "tatoeba_id": 145280 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cdd307d95cb34c710c977977485210c8ba125927bc1b8df88d90b2cd64cf5b88", "meanings": [ "未定" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "計画はまだ未定である。", "zh": "计划尚未确定。" }, { "ja": "新工場の建設用地はまだ未定である。", "zh": "新工厂的建设用地尚未确定。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7c7723d97e", "JMdict ent_seq 1527830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c3cf6ecf4dd37e4cb0055abb49e859f56bd070875ae317170e6802d32022e854" } }, { "id": "5e7cd7436c", "word": "見通し", "reading": "みとおし", "romaji": "mitooshi", "meanings": [ "perspective", "unobstructed view", "outlook", "forecast", "prospect", "insight" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1604610, "examples": [ { "ja": "その法案は今会期中に成立する見通しである。", "en": "The bill is expected to be enacted during the present session.", "tatoeba_id": 206760 }, { "ja": "その国の将来の見通しは明るい。", "furigana": "その{国|くに}の{将来|しょうらい}の{見通|みとお}しは{明|あか}るい。", "en": "The view for the country's future is bright.", "tatoeba_id": 210627 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ac2485c7119b2593413f3a2c4f692e603f70377d444072c1353d50e0a3377055", "meanings": [ "展望", "视野" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その法案は今会期中に成立する見通しである。", "zh": "预计该法案将在本届国会期间通过。" }, { "ja": "その国の将来の見通しは明るい。", "zh": "那个国家的未来前景光明。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5e7cd7436c", "JMdict ent_seq 1604610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "73fb944c8a226a7bc6c766f5e5ef102405ee5782ea8f396ce3c50fe16a08a520" } }, { "id": "12c93760ce", "word": "源", "reading": "みなもと", "romaji": "minamoto", "meanings": [ "source", "origin" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1263360, "examples": [ { "ja": "その川の源は日本アルプス山中にある。", "en": "The river has its origin in the Japan Alps.", "tatoeba_id": 208511 }, { "ja": "青い色は喜びの源として神によって永久に定められている。", "en": "God appointed blue to be an everlasting source of delight.", "tatoeba_id": 142585 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ac2c65ac788dfdf6d677d11b3af39c9387c4e1a68fa4c9b44f56fa171b9d5998", "meanings": [ "源头", "来源" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その川の源は日本アルプス山中にある。", "zh": "那条河的源头在日本阿尔卑斯山中。" }, { "ja": "青い色は喜びの源として神によって永久に定められている。", "zh": "蓝色被神永远定为快乐的源泉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/12c93760ce", "JMdict ent_seq 1263360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b57eee3b43fd3cca12ceb4a0d64e07f7de99c8231e417607b73ae80ad40d9696" } }, { "id": "676ccd8a3b", "word": "身なり", "reading": "みなり", "romaji": "minari", "meanings": [ "personal appearance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1365570, "examples": [ { "ja": "こんな身なりで外出するのは気が引ける。", "furigana": "こんな{身|み}なりで{外出|がいしゅつ}するのは{気|き}が{引|ひ}ける。", "en": "I'm ashamed to go out dressed like this.", "tatoeba_id": 217346 }, { "ja": "この店ではちゃんとした身なりをしなさい。", "furigana": "この{店|みせ}ではちゃんとした{身|み}なりをしなさい。", "en": "You are expected to dress well for this shop.", "tatoeba_id": 220441 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3b0fc46d8248f9c8884a69b30691325eedb9e60a4803493b3be9ad363d0dc14f", "meanings": [ "穿着", "打扮" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "こんな身なりで外出するのは気が引ける。", "zh": "穿成这样出门让我有点不好意思。" }, { "ja": "この店ではちゃんとした身なりをしなさい。", "zh": "在这家店请穿着得体。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/676ccd8a3b", "JMdict ent_seq 1365570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c2351c070df6587a98632643c7c49abfd536fd299bd29a103d5a5fa45a8c21af" } }, { "id": "1bdd837b48", "word": "峰", "reading": "みね", "romaji": "mine", "meanings": [ "peak", "ridge" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1516250, "examples": [ { "ja": "その峰は雲の上にそびえている。", "furigana": "その{峰|みね}は{雲|くも}の{上|うえ}にそびえている。", "en": "The peak rises above the clouds.", "tatoeba_id": 206776 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ab4d5a42f3b514a46c02b7daebb3b275541e4f3e0cd9d5ce1c28cd49067cb814", "meanings": [ "山峰", "山脊" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その峰は雲の上にそびえている。", "zh": "那座山峰耸立在云端之上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1bdd837b48", "JMdict ent_seq 1516250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8ae86467a593ad38d8d321b5d6eda7ec4f9cf0bd84c4975622803d0b90526f14" } }, { "id": "553c385823", "word": "見逃す", "reading": "みのがす", "romaji": "minogasu", "meanings": [ "to miss", "to overlook", "to leave at large" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1604670, "examples": [ { "ja": "これは絶対見逃せないよ。", "furigana": "これは{絶対|ぜったい}{見逃|みのが}せないよ。", "en": "It's just too good to pass up.", "tatoeba_id": 218235 }, { "ja": "私はその映画を見逃してしまった。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はその{映画|えいが}を{見逃|みのが}してしまった。", "en": "I missed seeing the film.", "tatoeba_id": 160289 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c97c4448ad10a8f65da8080793f8c09dd90b997c1764d33e3605ed13ab7b2336", "meanings": [ "错过", "忽视" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これは絶対見逃せないよ。", "zh": "这个绝对不能错过。" }, { "ja": "私はその映画を見逃してしまった。", "zh": "我错过了那部电影。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/553c385823", "JMdict ent_seq 1604670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d7d3455751b106a90cb7f3cafe33e368eda8c1c6bf32871dd38f95bf00106d9f" } }, { "id": "5f2d1f7cc1", "word": "見晴らし", "reading": "みはらし", "romaji": "miharashi", "meanings": [ "view" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1259770, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのホテルは見晴らしがよい。", "furigana": "そのホテルは{見晴|みは}らしがよい。", "en": "The hotel has a good prospect.", "tatoeba_id": 212602 }, { "ja": "この部屋からは町の見晴らしがよい。", "furigana": "この{部屋|へや}からは{町|まち}の{見晴|みは}らしがよい。", "en": "This room commands a fine view of the city.", "tatoeba_id": 220062 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3dc9c493d4467d2562d48e89c67a920942b08aa39f69cb14eb89d56ecfa6fa17", "meanings": [ "景色", "视野" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのホテルは見晴らしがよい。", "zh": "那家酒店视野很好。" }, { "ja": "この部屋からは町の見晴らしがよい。", "zh": "从这个房间能很好地眺望城镇。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5f2d1f7cc1", "JMdict ent_seq 1259770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3db42f935243a61c21cba871cec461228c08af8733490cb870214097e95bc980" } }, { "id": "5fbb3143b5", "word": "身振り", "reading": "みぶり", "romaji": "miburi", "meanings": [ "gesture" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1365720, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はもう我慢がならないという身振りをした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はもう{我慢|がまん}がならないという{身振|みぶ}りをした。", "en": "He made a gesture of impatience.", "tatoeba_id": 110608 }, { "ja": "彼らはお互いに身振りで知らせた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはお{互|たが}いに{身振|みぶ}りで{知|し}らせた。", "en": "They communicate with each other by gesture.", "tatoeba_id": 98138 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "feeeab849d154da1040743fafede7577107e860670198405a032a31ec0ecd404", "meanings": [ "手势" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はもう我慢がならないという身振りをした。", "zh": "他做手势表示再也忍受不了。" }, { "ja": "彼らはお互いに身振りで知らせた。", "zh": "他们用手势互相传递信息。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5fbb3143b5", "JMdict ent_seq 1365720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "60e1be94970ac1f8d13d1b09f3efc47a6e99aa9fe1598732c24fe77c76e7b232" } }, { "id": "b94f734eb4", "word": "脈", "reading": "みゃく", "romaji": "myaku", "meanings": [ "pulse" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1528440, "examples": [ { "ja": "脈が遅いです。", "furigana": "{脈|みゃく}が{遅|おそ}いです。", "en": "My pulse is slow.", "tatoeba_id": 81042 }, { "ja": "医者は彼の脈をとった。", "furigana": "{医者|いしゃ}は{彼|かれ}の{脈|みゃく}をとった。", "en": "The doctor felt his pulse.", "tatoeba_id": 190765 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8ab3eaac8c78edc8586dbaf68f8bcb38600e6d55e8db585dd4c231a945a7c7da", "meanings": [ "脉搏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "脈が遅いです。", "zh": "脉搏很慢。" }, { "ja": "医者は彼の脈をとった。", "zh": "医生给他把脉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b94f734eb4", "JMdict ent_seq 1528440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b0dfd5bad576b738902b926015d81c1cb6a6139650b7559cbbe33c28e582da3a" } }, { "id": "e3fc8893fa", "word": "ミュージック", "reading": "ミュージック", "romaji": "myuujikku", "meanings": [ "music" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1131680, "examples": [ { "ja": "こちらはワンダーミュージックショップです。", "en": "This is Wonder Music Shop.", "tatoeba_id": 224152 }, { "ja": "私は場末のジャズクラブに行って、ライブミュージックを楽しみます。", "en": "I like to go to a local jazz club where I can enjoy live music.", "tatoeba_id": 155802 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fdd60b3f3b1fbee40fe9c455a9c10a76c72c4b3193038828c8253ed22996a3c1", "meanings": [ "音乐" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "こちらはワンダーミュージックショップです。", "zh": "这里是奇迹音乐商店。" }, { "ja": "私は場末のジャズクラブに行って、ライブミュージックを楽しみます。", "zh": "我去偏僻的爵士俱乐部欣赏现场音乐。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e3fc8893fa", "JMdict ent_seq 1131680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "db2fa5a091a53095b3576dda58e633cfe9ba5a387341e02efab591b139f49e01" } }, { "id": "bd88a27e3e", "word": "未練", "reading": "みれん", "romaji": "miren", "meanings": [ "lingering affection", "attachment", "regret(s)", "reluctance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1528130, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女にはまだ未練がある。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}にはまだ{未練|みれん}がある。", "en": "I still have some feelings for her.", "tatoeba_id": 94991 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6213d227a105c00cbba21d4d4849fd0242b1f6f0b4f88ae3acb960738067a23a", "meanings": [ "留恋", "遗憾" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女にはまだ未練がある。", "zh": "她还有留恋。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bd88a27e3e", "JMdict ent_seq 1528130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ed9f344c5f98289ef1251ad06636cad098b685485d460a1f9a92546bc8e063fb" } }, { "id": "5911280a02", "word": "見渡す", "reading": "みわたす", "romaji": "miwatasu", "meanings": [ "to look out over", "to survey (scene)", "to take an extensive view of" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1259920, "examples": [ { "ja": "この城から町を見渡すことができる。", "furigana": "この{城|しろ}から{町|まち}を{見渡|みわた}すことができる。", "en": "This castle overlooks the city.", "tatoeba_id": 221095 }, { "ja": "彼女は不思議そうに周りを見渡した。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{不思議|ふしぎ}そうに{周|まわ}りを{見渡|みわた}した。", "en": "She looked around in wonder.", "tatoeba_id": 86983 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7334810d4857197e4a8dbba8946c788ad4650b5e3051d27f7fbb885b03bca641", "meanings": [ "眺望", "环顾" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この城から町を見渡すことができる。", "zh": "从这座城堡可以俯瞰城镇。" }, { "ja": "彼女は不思議そうに周りを見渡した。", "zh": "她好奇地环顾四周。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5911280a02", "JMdict ent_seq 1259920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5ee7be4f1d291510c5ac05ab94a4e1befaa14f488db4a43939e2c590565633b4" } }, { "id": "f3f52aaa64", "word": "民主", "reading": "みんしゅ", "romaji": "minshu", "meanings": [ "democracy", "popular sovereignty" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1528790, "examples": [ { "ja": "民主は人々の意思を基礎とする。", "en": "Democracy is based on the will of the people." }, { "ja": "彼らは民主の意味を話し合った。", "en": "They discussed the meaning of democracy." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ab69996e459d760dab55cc21a9383f32364ebc82639cb597aa986632d973909d", "meanings": [ "民主" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "民主は人々の意思を基礎とする。", "zh": "民主以人民的意愿为基础。" }, { "ja": "彼らは民主の意味を話し合った。", "zh": "他们讨论了民主的意义。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f3f52aaa64", "JMdict ent_seq 1528790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f2b8364780bce86ee00b1995dfed74bfb396fe66c6ba1f7317abe16c3b0f3531" } }, { "id": "83127f9e88", "word": "民宿", "reading": "みんしゅく", "romaji": "minshuku", "meanings": [ "private home providing lodging for travelers" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1528950, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの民宿なら、素泊まり５千円だよ。", "en": "That inn is 5,000 yen a night, meals excluded.", "tatoeba_id": 230446 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d2414b32ff4b4680adf4dd906e3fd17025acf19a3c6f1ecaa3879c2c192dbdbb", "meanings": [ "民宿" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの民宿なら、素泊まり５千円だよ。", "zh": "那家民宿不含餐每晚五千日元。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/83127f9e88", "JMdict ent_seq 1528950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5656c3ae0734e4a67eb202e1840a515ddfb491d2ff05a1fdaf13a8f622617a09" } }, { "id": "78fbae6020", "word": "民俗", "reading": "みんぞく", "romaji": "minzoku", "meanings": [ "people", "race", "nation", "racial customs", "folk customs" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1604745, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は地域の民俗を研究している。", "en": "He studies local folk customs." }, { "ja": "この祭りには地域の民俗が表れている。", "en": "The festival reflects local folk customs." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ac20a900515d7af66ab877a1bbcf5c581a315ce77165db8e03db93af6d7d25ea", "meanings": [ "民俗" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は地域の民俗を研究している。", "zh": "他研究当地民俗。" }, { "ja": "この祭りには地域の民俗が表れている。", "zh": "这个节日体现了当地的民俗。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/78fbae6020", "JMdict ent_seq 1604745; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "909d41d24d7ea7caf6e64c05d2469ddfe445b3465bee6dc933d988c986cedbbe" } }, { "id": "f95af79628", "word": "民族", "reading": "みんぞく", "romaji": "minzoku", "meanings": [ "people", "race", "nation", "racial customs", "folk customs" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1604740, "examples": [ { "ja": "アジアにはたくさんの民族がいる。", "furigana": "アジアにはたくさんの{民族|みんぞく}がいる。", "en": "There are many people in Asia.", "tatoeba_id": 234484 }, { "ja": "その国にはいくつかの民族がある。", "furigana": "その{国|くに}にはいくつかの{民族|みんぞく}がある。", "en": "There are several peoples in the country.", "tatoeba_id": 210648 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a492f06bd5663fab62b32d5cbd7448e3e8d7aee779f7763bee2d053bd788a60b", "meanings": [ "民族" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アジアにはたくさんの民族がいる。", "zh": "亚洲有许多民族。" }, { "ja": "その国にはいくつかの民族がある。", "zh": "那个国家有几个民族。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f95af79628", "JMdict ent_seq 1604740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ce9a48ef3176d23071594b6e4805b56ce71e3d3c7792bd08f7c5a36acdb7b93e" } }, { "id": "c4641cd0b3", "word": "無意味", "reading": "むいみ", "romaji": "muimi", "meanings": [ "nonsense", "no meaning" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1529610, "examples": [ { "ja": "そんなことをしても無意味だ。", "furigana": "そんなことをしても{無意味|むいみ}だ。", "en": "It's nonsense to try that.", "tatoeba_id": 204385 }, { "ja": "それはまったく無意味だ。", "furigana": "それはまったく{無意味|むいみ}だ。", "en": "That's quite meaningless.", "tatoeba_id": 205376 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1f604aa1db7f045df4cb9fcf5c100236a218935845e30bdc60cfb221b91cbf61", "meanings": [ "无意义" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そんなことをしても無意味だ。", "zh": "做那种事没有意义。" }, { "ja": "それはまったく無意味だ。", "zh": "那完全没有意义。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c4641cd0b3", "JMdict ent_seq 1529610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4a3aab6d2c823746a36e75026852237631cd286b935e8ce3c7e404ce88f75f06" } }, { "id": "f15bb22d8e", "word": "ムード", "reading": "ムード", "romaji": "muudo", "meanings": [ "mood" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1132190, "examples": [ { "ja": "街はクリスマスムード一色・・・もうじきイブだ。", "furigana": "{街|まち}はクリスマスムード{一色|いっしょく}・・・もうじきイブだ。", "en": "The streets are in full Christmas mood - it's almost Christmas Eve.", "tatoeba_id": 75606 }, { "ja": "レストランにその音楽が流れてきたのでロマンチックなムードになった。", "furigana": "レストランにその{音楽|おんがく}が{流|なが}れてきたのでロマンチックなムードになった。", "en": "Music started playing in the restaurant so there was a real romantic mood.", "tatoeba_id": 192349 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "688e694e43888fce41558e8eae6b866c094df64a40a9e309a8aeab097e350e95", "meanings": [ "气氛" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "街はクリスマスムード一色・・・もうじきイブだ。", "zh": "街上充满圣诞气氛，平安夜快到了。" }, { "ja": "レストランにその音楽が流れてきたのでロマンチックなムードになった。", "zh": "音乐在餐厅响起，气氛变得浪漫。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f15bb22d8e", "JMdict ent_seq 1132190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fb9bf63689446c650030280c4eb34f11509ea70b5090e1e924ae6031f4774c4c" } }, { "id": "abe619fbd8", "word": "向き", "reading": "むき", "romaji": "muki", "meanings": [ "direction", "situation", "exposure", "aspect", "suitability" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1277040, "examples": [ { "ja": "これは若者向きの車です。", "furigana": "これは{若者|わかもの}{向|む}きの{車|くるま}です。", "en": "This is a car for young people.", "tatoeba_id": 218276 }, { "ja": "人にはそれぞれ向き不向きがある。", "furigana": "{人|ひと}にはそれぞれ{向|む}き{不向|ふむ}きがある。", "en": "Each man has his own field of work.", "tatoeba_id": 144663 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "abb37326ee03a0014a998c0766563a33aec4d1dd52355c5002f2b8319cd7c4b8", "meanings": [ "方向", "适合" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "これは若者向きの車です。", "zh": "这是一辆适合年轻人的车。" }, { "ja": "人にはそれぞれ向き不向きがある。", "zh": "每个人都有适合和不适合的事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/abe619fbd8", "JMdict ent_seq 1277040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "55d677123dc4ec33a484291086c090f85ff1a7dcafd89aa1cce4abb500de34aa" } }, { "id": "edaccd91e0", "word": "無口", "reading": "むくち", "romaji": "mukuchi", "meanings": [ "reticence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1529940, "examples": [ { "ja": "大きくて、のろくて、無口でした。", "furigana": "{大|おお}きくて、のろくて、{無口|むくち}でした。", "en": "He was big and slow and silent.", "tatoeba_id": 137760 }, { "ja": "無口だからなおさら彼が好きなのだ。", "furigana": "{無口|むくち}だからなおさら{彼|かれ}が{好|す}きなのだ。", "en": "I like him all the more for his reticence.", "tatoeba_id": 80935 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5642be73353066ebc0f6fea5fe95b5605ed2a635acdedc8202a5e9fd531aebf7", "meanings": [ "沉默寡言" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大きくて、のろくて、無口でした。", "zh": "他个子大，动作慢，也寡言。" }, { "ja": "無口だからなおさら彼が好きなのだ。", "zh": "我正因为他寡言而更喜欢他。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/edaccd91e0", "JMdict ent_seq 1529940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "51cf0894e03d341798cb865ecfbdd4732a2799a524088836243cafa3b7ed8fc9" } }, { "id": "47fbf8e6d0", "word": "向け", "reading": "むけ", "romaji": "muke", "meanings": [ "for ~", "oriented towards ~" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1277090, "examples": [ { "ja": "乗り物は子供向けである。", "furigana": "{乗|の}り{物|もの}は{子供|こども}{向|む}けである。", "en": "Rides in the cars are for kids.", "tatoeba_id": 146171 }, { "ja": "これは子供向けの楽しい番組です。", "furigana": "これは{子供|こども}{向|む}けの{楽|たの}しい{番組|ばんぐみ}です。", "en": "This is an entertaining program for children.", "tatoeba_id": 218388 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9747a23b9f121c71435425281cdc3bd001d28ee0165829bc73d1f963e7ca7ce4", "meanings": [ "面向" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "乗り物は子供向けである。", "zh": "这个游乐设施是面向孩子的。" }, { "ja": "これは子供向けの楽しい番組です。", "zh": "这是面向孩子的有趣节目。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/47fbf8e6d0", "JMdict ent_seq 1277090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ba78d10c8e7e224e21b56f1f7b858109d81470134911f8b6896e66f201479c19" } }, { "id": "f6bb133d94", "word": "婿", "reading": "むこ", "romaji": "muko", "meanings": [ "son-in-law" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1531160, "examples": [ { "ja": "娘の夫は私の婿だ。", "en": "My daughter’s husband is my son-in-law." }, { "ja": "結婚式で婿は礼服を着た。", "en": "The groom wore formal clothes at the wedding." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9cce6db900fa7dd87c144f57a9b15d1a96a7a358e4e2887be7d8226981ae1a29", "meanings": [ "女婿", "新郎" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "娘の夫は私の婿だ。", "zh": "女儿的丈夫是我的女婿。" }, { "ja": "結婚式で婿は礼服を着た。", "zh": "婚礼上新郎穿着礼服。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f6bb133d94", "JMdict ent_seq 1531160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b02b7cfc3adce563d084e44ddf4be87a2e7621bbb40de7a1ca599e261b65e739" } }, { "id": "8c2103a006", "word": "無効", "reading": "むこう", "romaji": "mukou", "meanings": [ "invalid", "no effect", "unavailable" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no", "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1529930, "examples": [ { "ja": "脅迫のもとになされた約束は無効だ。", "furigana": "{脅迫|きょうはく}のもとになされた{約束|やくそく}は{無効|むこう}だ。", "en": "A promise given under a threat is worthless.", "tatoeba_id": 180083 }, { "ja": "その遺言は法廷で無効と宣告された。", "furigana": "その{遺言|ゆいごん}は{法廷|ほうてい}で{無効|むこう}と{宣告|せんこく}された。", "en": "The will was declared void by the court.", "tatoeba_id": 212363 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ddbd8cff68e50dddf8cf6c0b98127b36bef6a34aca855c542ea547e1b3fbe227", "meanings": [ "无效" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "脅迫のもとになされた約束は無効だ。", "zh": "在威胁下作出的承诺无效。" }, { "ja": "その遺言は法廷で無効と宣告された。", "zh": "那份遗嘱被法院宣布无效。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8c2103a006", "JMdict ent_seq 1529930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3a4bcdb80dd2c8eb44fca66139b3f95a3d1f930bed41818257367bbd48ef2087" } }, { "id": "e167b2659b", "word": "無言", "reading": "むごん", "romaji": "mugon", "meanings": [ "silence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1529860, "examples": [ { "ja": "無言が記録されたためしはない。", "furigana": "{無言|むごん}が{記録|きろく}されたためしはない。", "en": "No silence was ever written down.", "tatoeba_id": 80936 }, { "ja": "無言は承諾。", "furigana": "{無言|むごん}は{承諾|しょうだく}。", "en": "Who is silent is held to consent.", "tatoeba_id": 80934 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5a64eb54cc11598ced0fd5c9ac2a5ad465849890a2adb7af5fc915be45a66e0b", "meanings": [ "沉默" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "無言が記録されたためしはない。", "zh": "沉默从未被记录下来。" }, { "ja": "無言は承諾。", "zh": "沉默即同意。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e167b2659b", "JMdict ent_seq 1529860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d3d471b57ef318c8656c3b55a833b57f80428f07c24192d43f7b6f8357d01b94" } }, { "id": "10d56dc624", "word": "無邪気", "reading": "むじゃき", "romaji": "mujaki", "meanings": [ "innocence", "simple-mindedness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1530080, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は無邪気を装った。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{無邪気|むじゃき}を{装|よそお}った。", "en": "She put on an air of innocence.", "tatoeba_id": 86586 }, { "ja": "無邪気とはどういうものなのですか。", "furigana": "{無邪気|むじゃき}とはどういうものなのですか。", "en": "What is it like to be innocent?", "tatoeba_id": 80923 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4d96fcd7dbe161b8ed8f4f65ac1ed1ce83333798ace7d752d079db8b7d5e3180", "meanings": [ "天真", "无邪" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は無邪気を装った。", "zh": "她装作天真无邪。" }, { "ja": "無邪気とはどういうものなのですか。", "zh": "所谓天真无邪是什么样的？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/10d56dc624", "JMdict ent_seq 1530080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f3905db2f88dc65af07e43e6ff7adddf3b3397af7c0bd4bfd703eb69705072f8" } }, { "id": "4d0b322af9", "word": "毟る", "reading": "むしる", "romaji": "mushiru", "meanings": [ "to pluck", "to pick", "to tear" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1568540, "examples": [ { "ja": "ぐはっ！？俺の貴重な頭髪を、むしるな！", "en": "O-oi!? Don't rip off my precious hair!", "tatoeba_id": 76782 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0ae90db47b470a0e87ee9c46eb401c09c7d00531e2b28466e4a9e16e3d0f6391", "meanings": [ "拔", "揪" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ぐはっ！？俺の貴重な頭髪を、むしるな！", "zh": "啊！？别拔我宝贵的头发！" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4d0b322af9", "JMdict ent_seq 1568540; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9457504260dd39274df3bcb6b34302cfc8593385330224b99799f7f045371c0d" } }, { "id": "7fe8112793", "word": "結び", "reading": "むすび", "romaji": "musubi", "meanings": [ "ending", "conclusion", "union" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1254610, "examples": [ { "ja": "演説の結びに感謝を述べた。", "en": "The speech ended with thanks." }, { "ja": "結びに作者の願いが書かれている。", "en": "The author’s wish is written in the conclusion." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0d691ec1bd78206a810230839ec74a1563057d2b9e06f3eb7002b86fd1369a0a", "meanings": [ "结尾", "结合" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "演説の結びに感謝を述べた。", "zh": "演讲以感谢的话结尾。" }, { "ja": "結びに作者の願いが書かれている。", "zh": "结尾写了作者的愿望。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7fe8112793", "JMdict ent_seq 1254610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ac4777f5b6435f2de4f64c2b8f63d0881262d55a3f862d459de0cdc43401abe8" } }, { "id": "0c228be627", "word": "結び付き", "reading": "むすびつき", "romaji": "musubitsuki", "meanings": [ "connection", "relation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1254630, "examples": [ { "ja": "結婚は男女の結びつきである。", "furigana": "{結婚|けっこん}は{男女|だんじょ}の{結|むす}びつきである。", "en": "Marriage is the union of a man and woman.", "tatoeba_id": 175745 }, { "ja": "ユーモアを解する心は、国民性と密接に結びついているが、その結びつき方は不思議である。", "en": "The sense of humor is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics.", "tatoeba_id": 192978 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3f33edf3e940fb3d5e05d1d9d10b5061adfa38ecc7a8e931e0bc8029fcb73ec0", "meanings": [ "联系", "关系" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "結婚は男女の結びつきである。", "zh": "婚姻是男女的结合。" }, { "ja": "ユーモアを解する心は、国民性と密接に結びついているが、その結びつき方は不思議である。", "zh": "幽默感与民族性密切相关，但这种关联方式很奇妙。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0c228be627", "JMdict ent_seq 1254630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4a9ee61d306d1f2bef125a803e22ca8650d971e08c447432d642d5b3d21891f7" } }, { "id": "4856036a33", "word": "結び付く", "reading": "むすびつく", "romaji": "musubitsuku", "meanings": [ "to be connected or related", "to join together" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1254640, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の努力が好成績に結びついた。", "en": "His efforts led to good results.", "tatoeba_id": 116455 }, { "ja": "これらの出来事は互いに結び付いている。", "en": "These events are connected to one another." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d4f3128c3d2d909c822592935ead045dfabcd34e91b30617215e758e09502fb9", "meanings": [ "联系", "导致" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の努力が好成績に結びついた。", "zh": "他的努力带来了好成绩。" }, { "ja": "これらの出来事は互いに結び付いている。", "zh": "这些事件相互关联。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4856036a33", "JMdict ent_seq 1254640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b76a9af8eb8a7af4ea3c2ecbd38a12c615dd00fd7e08d4e90f1dab2a3bcf2e37" } }, { "id": "d89704e126", "word": "結び付ける", "reading": "むすびつける", "romaji": "musubitsukeru", "meanings": [ "to combine", "to join", "to tie on", "to attach with a knot" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1254650, "examples": [ { "ja": "ロープを木に結び付けなさい。", "furigana": "ロープを{木|き}に{結|むす}び{付|つ}けなさい。", "en": "Fasten the rope to the tree.", "tatoeba_id": 192267 }, { "ja": "理論と実際を結び付けるべきだ。", "furigana": "{理論|りろん}と{実際|じっさい}を{結|むす}び{付|つ}けるべきだ。", "en": "You should combine theory with practice.", "tatoeba_id": 78357 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7d7519736a5c3c7bc1956b23e9d00ad7e934b3eb243899379c95cd593c9229b3", "meanings": [ "系上", "联系" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ロープを木に結び付けなさい。", "zh": "把绳子系在树上。" }, { "ja": "理論と実際を結び付けるべきだ。", "zh": "应该把理论与实践联系起来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d89704e126", "JMdict ent_seq 1254650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e3c0b930e11e3973adf990747176eb10020aa58b10438236db826173382db099" } }, { "id": "037267ccd8", "word": "無線", "reading": "むせん", "romaji": "musen", "meanings": [ "wireless", "radio" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1530380, "examples": [ { "ja": "パイロットは無線で空港と情報を交換する。", "furigana": "パイロットは{無線|むせん}で{空港|くうこう}と{情報|じょうほう}を{交換|こうかん}する。", "en": "Pilots communicate with the airport by radio.", "tatoeba_id": 198318 }, { "ja": "マルコーニは無線を発明した。", "furigana": "マルコーニは{無線|むせん}を{発明|はつめい}した。", "en": "Marconi invented the radio.", "tatoeba_id": 195161 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "006e4e7ba65f236e939a7caff62aa012d76299e21ba7fbca6e9516d53e426f74", "meanings": [ "无线", "无线电" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "パイロットは無線で空港と情報を交換する。", "zh": "飞行员通过无线电与机场交换信息。" }, { "ja": "マルコーニは無線を発明した。", "zh": "马可尼发明了无线电。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/037267ccd8", "JMdict ent_seq 1530380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4ac94ac8881091867e427da1631cba6597b431d5f17b5795b3a2686c44226aef" } }, { "id": "88c5764dde", "word": "無駄遣い", "reading": "むだづかい", "romaji": "mudazukai", "meanings": [ "waste money on", "squander money on", "flog a dead horse" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1530520, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は妻の無駄遣いに渋い顔をする。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{妻|つま}の{無駄遣|むだづか}いに{渋|しぶ}い{顔|かお}をする。", "en": "He frowns on his wife's wasting money.", "tatoeba_id": 106888 }, { "ja": "なんてひどいむだ使いでしょう。", "en": "What a fearful waste of money!", "tatoeba_id": 198917 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e7809ef5b0d97690169385c33366619203cfef5f88eabbac66903609840e4858", "meanings": [ "浪费" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は妻の無駄遣いに渋い顔をする。", "zh": "他对妻子乱花钱皱起眉头。" }, { "ja": "なんてひどいむだ使いでしょう。", "zh": "多么严重的浪费啊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/88c5764dde", "JMdict ent_seq 1530520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "de899dd40bf733000a437154ef801aeac478fd555dd313b91be77b2dba478dfc" } }, { "id": "c90e42cede", "word": "無断", "reading": "むだん", "romaji": "mudan", "meanings": [ "without permission", "without notice" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1530600, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はよく無断欠席をする。", "en": "She is often absent without leave.", "tatoeba_id": 91304 }, { "ja": "無断キャンセルにはほとほと困っています。", "furigana": "{無断|むだん}キャンセルにはほとほと{困|こま}っています。", "en": "These cancellations without notice are a real pain.", "tatoeba_id": 75335 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "298ffd982e79df79cff958c419ff2b13b455d8282bba444e549b411d5b38a44c", "meanings": [ "擅自", "未通知" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はよく無断欠席をする。", "zh": "她经常不请假就缺席。" }, { "ja": "無断キャンセルにはほとほと困っています。", "zh": "未经通知就取消让我很头疼。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c90e42cede", "JMdict ent_seq 1530600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "78d71cc151f2d4fcf74fb43f2b6a1a8502eacafad56003a3f86ed6be3351ac3f" } }, { "id": "a256653cab", "word": "無知", "reading": "むち", "romaji": "muchi", "meanings": [ "ignorance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1530630, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はすぐに無知をさらけ出した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はすぐに{無知|むち}をさらけ{出|だ}した。", "en": "He soon betrayed his ignorance.", "tatoeba_id": 113432 }, { "ja": "彼は政治にはまったく無知である。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{政治|せいじ}にはまったく{無知|むち}である。", "en": "He knows nothing about politics.", "tatoeba_id": 103345 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "19d95bcddc60e1d8f1a9f6d7186c6b697155f6d7e2e3b5d1807e6a8e4322a740", "meanings": [ "无知" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はすぐに無知をさらけ出した。", "zh": "他很快暴露了无知。" }, { "ja": "彼は政治にはまったく無知である。", "zh": "他对政治完全无知。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a256653cab", "JMdict ent_seq 1530630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a4a8d8bac0e680c3d2687360be8203a08e7eb6e63d5f1fa3c0cc2a9eb10e07ad" } }, { "id": "5a1c5f8bb5", "word": "無茶", "reading": "むちゃ", "romaji": "mucha", "meanings": [ "absurd", "unreasonable", "excessive", "rash", "absurdity", "nonsense" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1530670, "examples": [ { "ja": "冬にその山に登るなんて彼は無茶だ。", "furigana": "{冬|ふゆ}にその{山|やま}に{登|のぼ}るなんて{彼|かれ}は{無茶|むちゃ}だ。", "en": "He'd be crazy to climb the mountain in winter.", "tatoeba_id": 124381 }, { "ja": "無茶しなければよかった。", "furigana": "{無茶|むちゃ}しなければよかった。", "en": "I shouldn't have overdone it.", "tatoeba_id": 80898 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b9f50304325031eda9c801762e8e65c4ff9e9654fe970fefdc9e0b5bb15163d2", "meanings": [ "胡来", "鲁莽" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "冬にその山に登るなんて彼は無茶だ。", "zh": "他竟在冬天爬那座山，太鲁莽了。" }, { "ja": "無茶しなければよかった。", "zh": "要是不胡来就好了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5a1c5f8bb5", "JMdict ent_seq 1530670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9fd354b02da23ab3cdea644566a2b64b8862953908849f215a27e9580d86a766" } }, { "id": "55bc6ede70", "word": "無茶苦茶", "reading": "むちゃくちゃ", "romaji": "muchakucha", "meanings": [ "confused", "jumbled", "mixed up", "unreasonable" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1530680, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は泣きながら、彼からの手紙をむちゃくちゃに引き裂いて捨てた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{泣|な}きながら、{彼|かれ}からの{手紙|てがみ}をむちゃくちゃに{引|ひ}き{裂|さ}いて{捨|す}てた。", "en": "In tears, she tore up his letter and threw it away.", "tatoeba_id": 90510 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c0f4300118db0f5940cb55fc553a9222357e89aef493ecb569cbf5d9416fa72a", "meanings": [ "乱七八糟", "荒唐" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は泣きながら、彼からの手紙をむちゃくちゃに引き裂いて捨てた。", "zh": "她哭着把他的信撕得粉碎并扔掉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/55bc6ede70", "JMdict ent_seq 1530680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f0d0b21b2052bfa71fc9605f2b1b85c26b657c442d593f33015808c9dd6cb71d" } }, { "id": "8c40174a35", "word": "空しい", "reading": "むなしい", "romaji": "munashii", "meanings": [ "vacant", "futile", "vain", "void", "empty", "ineffective", "lifeless" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1245370, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の死は彼らの生活に空しさをもたらした。", "en": "His death has left a vacuum in their lives.", "tatoeba_id": 117172 }, { "ja": "医者の努力も空しく、その男はまもなく死んでしまいました。", "furigana": "{医者|いしゃ}の{努力|どりょく}も{空|むな}しく、その{男|おとこ}はまもなく{死|し}んでしまいました。", "en": "All the doctor's efforts were in vain and the man soon died.", "tatoeba_id": 190866 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0ac4cd844b9ddbaa0041bc9079102be835fc879c5114e819713a5f37b0b299bb", "meanings": [ "空虚", "徒劳" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の死は彼らの生活に空しさをもたらした。", "zh": "他的死给他们的生活带来了空虚。" }, { "ja": "医者の努力も空しく、その男はまもなく死んでしまいました。", "zh": "尽管医生努力，那个男人还是很快死了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8c40174a35", "JMdict ent_seq 1245370; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "299ac311fc0d5b097ed4962ecdaa124dfd150eb38694e0e2b84dc3e76d211bbc" } }, { "id": "305f477ff6", "word": "無念", "reading": "むねん", "romaji": "munen", "meanings": [ "chagrin", "regret" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1530770, "examples": [ { "ja": "試合に出られず彼は無念だった。", "en": "He regretted being unable to compete." }, { "ja": "彼女は無念の思いで立ち去った。", "en": "She left with a feeling of regret." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ff4d68664d008c3ce18738873294b3645ebe13628c6b77d1cb16205a092f5dc3", "meanings": [ "遗憾", "懊悔" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "試合に出られず彼は無念だった。", "zh": "没能参加比赛，他很遗憾。" }, { "ja": "彼女は無念の思いで立ち去った。", "zh": "她怀着遗憾离开了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/305f477ff6", "JMdict ent_seq 1530770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f51fa09bceb8bd3b34a637dfbcdf7ef6f25c9e0e6f2494365edefd1ba3f5c424" } }, { "id": "28d427532a", "word": "無能", "reading": "むのう", "romaji": "munou", "meanings": [ "inefficiency", "incompetence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1530780, "examples": [ { "ja": "あらゆる芸術評論家達は無能であり危険な存在である。", "en": "Regard all art critics as useless and dangerous.", "tatoeba_id": 230037 }, { "ja": "彼は弁護士としては無能だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{弁護士|べんごし}としては{無能|むのう}だ。", "en": "He is no good as a lawyer.", "tatoeba_id": 100109 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1d49650214e1a6d9a30bc4f9efcd68fb7521cb763123a708bea4ba77b1d7e5bd", "meanings": [ "无能" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あらゆる芸術評論家達は無能であり危険な存在である。", "zh": "所有艺术评论家都是无能而危险的存在。" }, { "ja": "彼は弁護士としては無能だ。", "zh": "他作为律师很无能。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/28d427532a", "JMdict ent_seq 1530780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "76cac103ecfe9a71eb8ad4001a37fb9b07da77827d6332652b22b118bf4d3621" } }, { "id": "7a146a885e", "word": "無闇に", "reading": "むやみに", "romaji": "muyamini", "meanings": [ "unreasonably", "absurdly", "recklessly", "indiscreetly", "at random" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1529590, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はむやみに人と約束はしない。", "en": "I don't make a promise to someone without taking it seriously.", "tatoeba_id": 1335130 }, { "ja": "いったん職業を決めたらむやみに変えてはいけない。", "en": "Once you decide to enter a profession, you can't change your mind on a whim.", "tatoeba_id": 1335128 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fb7095188efb36206d76a9261cc8308a9eb08c8e69a8db1d9e09a0b568a7dd7c", "meanings": [ "胡乱", "过度" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はむやみに人と約束はしない。", "zh": "我不会随便与人约定。" }, { "ja": "いったん職業を決めたらむやみに変えてはいけない。", "zh": "一旦决定职业，就不要随意改变。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7a146a885e", "JMdict ent_seq 1529590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "30de54702320c22b865e9ad2b039774cc910470383cd33aefdc3d8c3d7ac5291" } }, { "id": "b43cf88b29", "word": "無用", "reading": "むよう", "romaji": "muyou", "meanings": [ "useless", "futility", "needlessness", "unnecessariness" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1530940, "examples": [ { "ja": "無用の立ち入り禁止。", "en": "No admittance except on business.", "tatoeba_id": 80891 }, { "ja": "あせって仕事を仕上げようとすれば、無用な間違いを犯す。", "en": "When we rush to complete our work, we make needless errors.", "tatoeba_id": 234433 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8bd54cd8053531ed71a5f514adebcb618da20d3c55524c3cf8f3dd2eecf39ed3", "meanings": [ "无用", "不必要" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "無用の立ち入り禁止。", "zh": "无关人员禁止入内。" }, { "ja": "あせって仕事を仕上げようとすれば、無用な間違いを犯す。", "zh": "如果急着完成工作，会犯不必要的错误。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b43cf88b29", "JMdict ent_seq 1530940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "90d418ef54f1e3f180020b34faae26723223d8eb8da52f506b0c8ac5494c2e84" } }, { "id": "a1a3c1e34b", "word": "群がる", "reading": "むらがる", "romaji": "muragaru", "meanings": [ "to swarm", "to gather" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1247500, "examples": [ { "ja": "群衆が現場に群がった。", "furigana": "{群衆|ぐんしゅう}が{現場|げんば}に{群|むら}がった。", "en": "A crowd gathered at the scene.", "tatoeba_id": 176714 }, { "ja": "ケーキにアリの大群が群がっていた。", "furigana": "ケーキにアリの{大群|たいぐん}が{群|むら}がっていた。", "en": "There was an army of ants at the cake.", "tatoeba_id": 225323 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c1bb0ab4a6cf7e8119ac42e1d8955c5483fc0b62c117e3a7d76705a201308e3d", "meanings": [ "聚集", "蜂拥" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "群衆が現場に群がった。", "zh": "人群聚集在现场。" }, { "ja": "ケーキにアリの大群が群がっていた。", "zh": "大群蚂蚁聚集在蛋糕上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a1a3c1e34b", "JMdict ent_seq 1247500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f58f39f3086987a0a4dde4bfd3ac9eec9b55d0f6ba9f19544369bdbd36b8a5a4" } }, { "id": "7f13f5edd2", "word": "無論", "reading": "むろん", "romaji": "muron", "meanings": [ "of course", "naturally" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1531080, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は英語は無論のこと、フランス語も話します。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{英語|えいご}は{無論|むろん}のこと、フランス{語|ご}も{話|はな}します。", "en": "He speaks French, not to speak of English.", "tatoeba_id": 109686 }, { "ja": "彼はフランス語を話せる、ましてや英語は無論のことだ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はフランス{語|ご}を{話|はな}せる、ましてや{英語|えいご}は{無論|むろん}のことだ。", "en": "He can speak French, and obviously English.", "tatoeba_id": 111046 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "98cb5be81be0ac4d9334c8d23320e119a3000335218857cfe88450c25158cc1a", "meanings": [ "当然" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は英語は無論のこと、フランス語も話します。", "zh": "他不仅会说英语，也会说法语。" }, { "ja": "彼はフランス語を話せる、ましてや英語は無論のことだ。", "zh": "他会说法语，当然更会说英语。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7f13f5edd2", "JMdict ent_seq 1531080; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "02f5fe2bee32c0baba750555a5f2eb1abada3b1f565c110a18a743173a601ff5" } }, { "id": "76a17f8fb8", "word": "名産", "reading": "めいさん", "romaji": "meisan", "meanings": [ "noted product" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1531520, "examples": [ { "ja": "この地域の名産はお茶だ。", "en": "Tea is a noted product of this region." }, { "ja": "私たちは土地の名産を買った。", "en": "We bought local specialties." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e465886537c207f05ca423e345e302a245dc2f2e46496240cc6a5cf53c8a2440", "meanings": [ "名产" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この地域の名産はお茶だ。", "zh": "这个地区的名产是茶。" }, { "ja": "私たちは土地の名産を買った。", "zh": "我们买了当地的名产。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/76a17f8fb8", "JMdict ent_seq 1531520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "27a6149bd94e7f08f79a6170ebd30b68e7bb6b941634c7021f1075e372c4b459" } }, { "id": "7d367ef36a", "word": "名称", "reading": "めいしょう", "romaji": "meishou", "meanings": [ "name" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1531620, "examples": [ { "ja": "この会の名称はＥ．Ｓ．Ｓ．とする。", "furigana": "この{会|かい}の{名称|めいしょう}はＥ．Ｓ．Ｓ．とする。", "en": "This association shall be called the E.S.S.", "tatoeba_id": 222689 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3ec6a271cd8ea14d1eb33ec2e92e1c3d21bf837d887141b084d0b486157e8d28", "meanings": [ "名称" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この会の名称はＥ．Ｓ．Ｓ．とする。", "zh": "本会名称定为E.S.S.。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7d367ef36a", "JMdict ent_seq 1531620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "202d3758cc05cefccac8e0f14081a0833d3a09dbb0c2aa6fa4e6f47d51c2c704" } }, { "id": "c8935df87f", "word": "命中", "reading": "めいちゅう", "romaji": "meichuu", "meanings": [ "a hit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1532090, "examples": [ { "ja": "昨日は４発命中しただけでした。", "en": "I only shot four bull's-eyes yesterday.", "tatoeba_id": 170012 }, { "ja": "戦艦ビスマルク号を海のもくずとするには、何発もの魚雷を命中させなければならなかった。", "en": "It took many torpedo hits to send the battleship Bismarck to Davy Jones's locker.", "tatoeba_id": 141336 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "817eb723e80e1bf2684994ebce2a17e275bc941f04917a6b6d2ac4f1c9640425", "meanings": [ "命中" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "昨日は４発命中しただけでした。", "zh": "昨天只命中了四发。" }, { "ja": "戦艦ビスマルク号を海のもくずとするには、何発もの魚雷を命中させなければならなかった。", "zh": "要击沉俾斯麦号战列舰，必须命中多发鱼雷。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c8935df87f", "JMdict ent_seq 1532090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c352b87051b5451ac851f73730e6f0c6c3f97a81d39f1c8bec9e02cfa3aa6148" } }, { "id": "41432923e5", "word": "明白", "reading": "めいはく", "romaji": "meihaku", "meanings": [ "obvious", "overt", "plainly", "frankly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1000220, "examples": [ { "ja": "何をしなければならないかは明白です。", "en": "It is clear what must be done.", "tatoeba_id": 187608 }, { "ja": "事実は明白に間違っている。", "en": "The facts are clearly wrong." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a80d151a7e8ffc94e5fd99ec7de70fbc0bc9956b942cc47b415f64f8132fe55d", "meanings": [ "明显" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "何をしなければならないかは明白です。", "zh": "必须做什么很明显。" }, { "ja": "事実は明白に間違っている。", "zh": "事实明显不正确。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/41432923e5", "JMdict ent_seq 1000220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8f12f03a63cdc5eee594e2116b98c8cd4602507ec8cedd31b57b879059e65a18" } }, { "id": "1c86d23476", "word": "名簿", "reading": "めいぼ", "romaji": "meibo", "meanings": [ "register of names" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1531830, "examples": [ { "ja": "名簿に私の名前も追加してください。", "en": "Please add my name to the list.", "tatoeba_id": 80761 }, { "ja": "彼女名簿に載っていますよ。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}{名簿|めいぼ}に{載|の}っていますよ。", "en": "She's on the rolls.", "tatoeba_id": 86061 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "22237fe41d99157f0795294c13015338fc97baaa53157c661dfe62b4a0409595", "meanings": [ "名册" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "名簿に私の名前も追加してください。", "zh": "请把我的名字也加到名单上。" }, { "ja": "彼女名簿に載っていますよ。", "zh": "她在名单上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1c86d23476", "JMdict ent_seq 1531830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3a30640a2faca9cab51f3c42eec512c99f4000ccd53519a37383844f8b255672" } }, { "id": "b2d9553d2b", "word": "名誉", "reading": "めいよ", "romaji": "meiyo", "meanings": [ "honor", "credit", "prestige" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1531870, "examples": [ { "ja": "大学は彼に名誉学位を与えた。", "furigana": "{大学|だいがく}は{彼|かれ}に{名誉|めいよ}{学位|がくい}を{与|あた}えた。", "en": "The college bestowed an honorary degree on him.", "tatoeba_id": 137630 }, { "ja": "これは我が校の名誉にかかわる問題だ。", "furigana": "これは{我|わ}が{校|こう}の{名誉|めいよ}にかかわる{問題|もんだい}だ。", "en": "The problem affects the prestige of our school.", "tatoeba_id": 218476 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "15a0c1a9dc6b3c40028c18ee0e57d2c5576bea4a1313c42643b8eaddb5b941c8", "meanings": [ "名誉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大学は彼に名誉学位を与えた。", "zh": "大学授予他荣誉学位。" }, { "ja": "これは我が校の名誉にかかわる問題だ。", "zh": "这是关系到我校荣誉的问题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b2d9553d2b", "JMdict ent_seq 1531870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9129cfa015c33f4fbf5c8063ef8c91e45138de085e4d40f09e8e7e9124b5345d" } }, { "id": "7f1212c5b6", "word": "明瞭", "reading": "めいりょう", "romaji": "meiryou", "meanings": [ "clarity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1532620, "examples": [ { "ja": "その２語の用法の区別は明瞭である。", "furigana": "その２{語|ご}の{用法|ようほう}の{区別|くべつ}は{明瞭|めいりょう}である。", "en": "The distinction in usage between the two words is clear.", "tatoeba_id": 213440 }, { "ja": "その人たちは明瞭さをよしとする。", "en": "Those people appreciate clarity.", "tatoeba_id": 208780 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a711f64cb8e7393391a4b855851c480797a306a745928ef28a7415a7a53dab34", "meanings": [ "清晰", "明确" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その２語の用法の区別は明瞭である。", "zh": "那两个词的用法区别很清楚。" }, { "ja": "その人たちは明瞭さをよしとする。", "zh": "那些人重视清晰。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7f1212c5b6", "JMdict ent_seq 1532620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "63f249d94cedcb1c6e6d644cecd69cbf0e6f23e0f4d54073816eb86cb76e5db0" } }, { "id": "97072c51a7", "word": "明朗", "reading": "めいろう", "romaji": "meirou", "meanings": [ "bright", "clear", "cheerful" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1532640, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は明朗快活な青年だ。", "en": "He is a cheerful young man.", "tatoeba_id": 99566 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cead6731ea1ffb16b04b392df285f14d4d8dcb162732c5b22ab4cc2b8a4f9abe", "meanings": [ "开朗", "明快" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は明朗快活な青年だ。", "zh": "他是个开朗活泼的青年。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/97072c51a7", "JMdict ent_seq 1532640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "85300647c10554619a5ef5b81de5467e7f5a0245d4dbb7b0f4c2093bea97f28e" } }, { "id": "98f763f2b9", "word": "メーカー", "reading": "メーカー", "romaji": "meekaa", "meanings": [ "maker" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1132420, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのテレビのメーカーは日本の企業である。", "en": "The manufacturer of the television set is a Japanese company.", "tatoeba_id": 212941 }, { "ja": "その会社はすでにロボットメーカーとしての名声を確立した。", "furigana": "その{会社|かいしゃ}はすでにロボットメーカーとしての{名声|めいせい}を{確立|かくりつ}した。", "en": "The company has already established its fame as a robot manufacturing company.", "tatoeba_id": 211828 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5cbeb2c32e09059f5a30b1f48f488af7b6a944369ff16acfb52bf341ebcb7556", "meanings": [ "制造商" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのテレビのメーカーは日本の企業である。", "zh": "那台电视的制造商是日本企业。" }, { "ja": "その会社はすでにロボットメーカーとしての名声を確立した。", "zh": "那家公司已经确立了机器人制造商的声誉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/98f763f2b9", "JMdict ent_seq 1132420; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a17eb8e9f17f13f1e16fcf25cc5b8404042fb5b6f27f5a0ecb2e38a5ba28b862" } }, { "id": "1ffaa51309", "word": "目方", "reading": "めかた", "romaji": "mekata", "meanings": [ "weight" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1535680, "examples": [ { "ja": "塩は目方で売られる。", "furigana": "{塩|しお}は{目方|めかた}で{売|う}られる。", "en": "Salt is sold by weight.", "tatoeba_id": 188604 }, { "ja": "彼女は目方がふえつつある。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{目方|めかた}がふえつつある。", "en": "She is gaining in weight.", "tatoeba_id": 86497 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2af24f0871c71ce671b820a51154580b663b32662d165e56320cd7fe39122cbe", "meanings": [ "重量" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "塩は目方で売られる。", "zh": "盐按重量销售。" }, { "ja": "彼女は目方がふえつつある。", "zh": "她的体重正在增加。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1ffaa51309", "JMdict ent_seq 1535680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bba966fbadd843f89a8c86361aee0c537bf529b577dda2f19c42d51dc2715489" } }, { "id": "9f9849e508", "word": "恵み", "reading": "めぐみ", "romaji": "megumi", "meanings": [ "blessing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1250470, "examples": [ { "ja": "神は私に富をお恵みくださった。", "furigana": "{神|かみ}は{私|わたし}に{富|とみ}をお{恵|めぐ}みくださった。", "en": "God has blessed me with riches.", "tatoeba_id": 144912 }, { "ja": "貧乏は、ある意味で、天の恵みだ。", "furigana": "{貧乏|びんぼう}は、ある{意味|いみ}で、{天|てん}の{恵|めぐ}みだ。", "en": "Poverty is, in a sense, a blessing.", "tatoeba_id": 85148 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8e57bc94f5334cf117f76e6447fad7f82bab69b87ad6767c465605e9c9a8d1c5", "meanings": [ "恩惠", "福祉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "神は私に富をお恵みくださった。", "zh": "神赐予我财富。" }, { "ja": "貧乏は、ある意味で、天の恵みだ。", "zh": "从某种意义上说，贫穷是上天的恩赐。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9f9849e508", "JMdict ent_seq 1250470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3914600444e3913561b851bb7b62076ba066569b0e7a95032302e3953180e362" } }, { "id": "46e1610514", "word": "恵む", "reading": "めぐむ", "romaji": "megumu", "meanings": [ "to bless", "to show mercy to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1250480, "examples": [ { "ja": "その男は私に金を恵んでくれと頼んだ。", "furigana": "その{男|おとこ}は{私|わたし}に{金|かね}を{恵|めぐ}んでくれと{頼|たの}んだ。", "en": "The man begged me for money.", "tatoeba_id": 208051 }, { "ja": "その老人は私にお金を恵んでくれと言った。", "en": "The old man begged me for money.", "tatoeba_id": 206124 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f879c2513144f74f9db41c4e52b6e9d0f2224e5ae2e26d3c7af2230ef9f58ac4", "meanings": [ "施舍", "赐予" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その男は私に金を恵んでくれと頼んだ。", "zh": "那个男人求我施舍他钱。" }, { "ja": "その老人は私にお金を恵んでくれと言った。", "zh": "老人让我给他一些钱。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/46e1610514", "JMdict ent_seq 1250480; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "da34c7c33feb44f5e7d04faed9bdc9aa3c3b386b9a1f71428b6edf3b437dda2a" } }, { "id": "647bdea783", "word": "目覚しい", "reading": "めざましい", "romaji": "mezamashii", "meanings": [ "brilliant", "splendid", "striking", "remarkable" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1604930, "examples": [ { "ja": "日本は戦後目覚ましい産業の進歩をとげた。", "en": "Japan achieved a remarkable development in industrial technology after the war.", "tatoeba_id": 122436 }, { "ja": "彼が１９歳で優勝したのは目覚しい。", "en": "It's amazing that he won the championship at the age of nineteen.", "tatoeba_id": 121135 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a2c53a7fdbc782e8abdec4598e896649bd586f612924769763432c4fbfa409cb", "meanings": [ "显著" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "日本は戦後目覚ましい産業の進歩をとげた。", "zh": "日本战后取得了显著的工业进步。" }, { "ja": "彼が１９歳で優勝したのは目覚しい。", "zh": "他十九岁夺冠很了不起。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/647bdea783", "JMdict ent_seq 1604930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4439b9958e8eddaf9e7622a73eb0f633d81728818adeee11e6d579bc296e7278" } }, { "id": "d6278ccc96", "word": "目覚める", "reading": "めざめる", "romaji": "mezameru", "meanings": [ "to wake up" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1535350, "examples": [ { "ja": "私はこんなに早く目覚めたことはない。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はこんなに{早|はや}く{目覚|めざ}めたことはない。", "en": "I've never woken up this early.", "tatoeba_id": 160690 }, { "ja": "目覚めてみると彼女は病院にいた。", "furigana": "{目覚|めざ}めてみると{彼女|かのじょ}は{病院|びょういん}にいた。", "en": "She woke to find herself in the hospital.", "tatoeba_id": 79904 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "66c3a012992955d0a1d7dcde68c25eb55bce7ad21164a3f35b37d9a0c024da5a", "meanings": [ "醒来", "觉醒" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私はこんなに早く目覚めたことはない。", "zh": "我从没这么早醒过。" }, { "ja": "目覚めてみると彼女は病院にいた。", "zh": "醒来时她在医院。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d6278ccc96", "JMdict ent_seq 1535350; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d4c45e8d4c652add37e102f1cbb6d83a0a6d0be66458bce92faae0ec3d2b76f7" } }, { "id": "e9948598ba", "word": "雌", "reading": "めす", "romaji": "mesu", "meanings": [ "female (animal)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1312880, "examples": [ { "ja": "カンガルーの雌は子供を腹の袋に入れて動く。", "furigana": "カンガルーの{雌|めす}は{子供|こども}を{腹|はら}の{袋|ふくろ}に{入|い}れて{動|うご}く。", "en": "A female kangaroo carries its young in the pouch.", "tatoeba_id": 226093 }, { "ja": "ココは雌のゴリラである。", "furigana": "ココは{雌|めす}のゴリラである。", "en": "Koko is a female gorilla.", "tatoeba_id": 224302 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c26c2132200b49ced5a8e91265325f170a605ad7e0d8e8721323c8aec6afa652", "meanings": [ "雌性" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "カンガルーの雌は子供を腹の袋に入れて動く。", "zh": "雌袋鼠把孩子放在腹袋里行动。" }, { "ja": "ココは雌のゴリラである。", "zh": "可可是只雌性大猩猩。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e9948598ba", "JMdict ent_seq 1312880; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ab88a70158647b5f1073074d0f5d6aa75bc9328277bba423e38c60df48bf1b30" } }, { "id": "7f47da093d", "word": "召す", "reading": "めす", "romaji": "mesu", "meanings": [ "to call", "to send for", "to put on", "to wear", "to take (a bath)", "to ride in", "to buy", "to eat", "to drink", "to catch (a cold)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1346450, "examples": [ { "ja": "お祖父さまはお風邪を召していらっしゃいます。", "furigana": "お{祖父|そふ}さまはお{風邪|かぜ}を{召|め}していらっしゃいます。", "en": "Grandfather has caught a cold.", "tatoeba_id": 76810 }, { "ja": "あのお年を召した人に席を譲ってあげてはどうですか。", "furigana": "あのお{年|とし}を{召|め}した{人|ひと}に{席|せき}を{譲|ゆず}ってあげてはどうですか。", "en": "Why don't you give your seat to that old gentleman?", "tatoeba_id": 231357 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2eacfef9539af1827450f6faf33ab0524525d84cb8513c3f28a9f2bb341928a8", "meanings": [ "召见", "穿", "吃" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "お祖父さまはお風邪を召していらっしゃいます。", "zh": "爷爷患了感冒。" }, { "ja": "あのお年を召した人に席を譲ってあげてはどうですか。", "zh": "给那位年长的人让座怎么样？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7f47da093d", "JMdict ent_seq 1346450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "de2f62825b5fcde576ceb6e360304a5d462808dd71e80a3c680577c0eccc56fe" } }, { "id": "6bbabf5f58", "word": "目付き", "reading": "めつき", "romaji": "metsuki", "meanings": [ "look", "expression of the eyes", "eyes" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1535670, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は悩ましい目つきで僕を見た。", "en": "She looked at me seductively.", "tatoeba_id": 87575 }, { "ja": "彼女の目つきは陰気になった。", "en": "Her eyes darkened.", "tatoeba_id": 93897 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ce55056c21f5a5b38cf36fee30d5df9690638c1470770f4ff8c79abc7dc9a51d", "meanings": [ "眼神" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は悩ましい目つきで僕を見た。", "zh": "她用诱人的眼神看着我。" }, { "ja": "彼女の目つきは陰気になった。", "zh": "她的眼神变得阴郁。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6bbabf5f58", "JMdict ent_seq 1535670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3a98f67eafd182a25ec5c053c02cc49e51c0708a8b3d35bd9253f2e05ff078da" } }, { "id": "012f6788c4", "word": "メッセージ", "reading": "メッセージ", "romaji": "messeeji", "meanings": [ "message" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1133570, "examples": [ { "ja": "このメッセージは意味をなさない。", "furigana": "このメッセージは{意味|いみ}をなさない。", "en": "This message doesn't make sense.", "tatoeba_id": 223117 }, { "ja": "メッセージをもう一度読みなさい。", "furigana": "メッセージをもう{一度|いちど}{読|よ}みなさい。", "en": "Read the message once more.", "tatoeba_id": 194623 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4274977b0291448e1652d8da1a29d11aaf3d4ff01393e5c2d68874dc290242f0", "meanings": [ "信息" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このメッセージは意味をなさない。", "zh": "这条信息毫无意义。" }, { "ja": "メッセージをもう一度読みなさい。", "zh": "再读一遍信息。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/012f6788c4", "JMdict ent_seq 1133570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1b7e1d47a7f61302ef77433747e8115853db65ec931a3675864075f8e725d983" } }, { "id": "f8ce45a1e1", "word": "滅亡", "reading": "めつぼう", "romaji": "metsubou", "meanings": [ "downfall", "ruin", "collapse", "destruction" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1533030, "examples": [ { "ja": "仮に核戦争が起こったとすれば、人類は滅亡するだろう。", "furigana": "{仮|かり}に{核戦争|かくせんそう}が{起|お}こったとすれば、{人類|じんるい}は{滅亡|めつぼう}するだろう。", "en": "If a nuclear war were to break out, mankind would perish.", "tatoeba_id": 226176 }, { "ja": "核戦争は人類を滅亡させるだろう。", "furigana": "{核戦争|かくせんそう}は{人類|じんるい}を{滅亡|めつぼう}させるだろう。", "en": "A nuclear war will bring about the destruction of mankind.", "tatoeba_id": 184599 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "79e8a33f4dccdcf6cdeb70ceb80baaa49d8623a756ebbeddf774c9435083cb7f", "meanings": [ "灭亡" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "仮に核戦争が起こったとすれば、人類は滅亡するだろう。", "zh": "假如发生核战争，人类就会灭亡。" }, { "ja": "核戦争は人類を滅亡させるだろう。", "zh": "核战争会毁灭人类。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f8ce45a1e1", "JMdict ent_seq 1533030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "afbe18b9310660e2828fcbfb7ececbc4c4569dfdef47c02956ffee94d9511ddb" } }, { "id": "264dbc7769", "word": "メディア", "reading": "メディア", "romaji": "media", "meanings": [ "media" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1133620, "examples": [ { "ja": "このメディアには記録することができない。", "furigana": "このメディアには{記録|きろく}することができない。", "en": "It is not possible to record in this media.", "tatoeba_id": 223116 }, { "ja": "メディアが憎悪の痕跡を安売りする。", "furigana": "メディアが{憎悪|ぞうお}の{痕跡|こんせき}を{安売|やすう}りする。", "en": "The media sells a trace of hatred at bargain prices.", "tatoeba_id": 194618 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "05f0c8eb5b5a2a15bcb073dfe2345e3d84b23183b19da8017c90649c35cbf941", "meanings": [ "媒体", "介质" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このメディアには記録することができない。", "zh": "这个介质无法记录。" }, { "ja": "メディアが憎悪の痕跡を安売りする。", "zh": "媒体廉价兜售仇恨的痕迹。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/264dbc7769", "JMdict ent_seq 1133620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "23aa1dd3d6156c675c3ff557a0a2abc80a0d1f6eeb3d016998592872a67836e0" } }, { "id": "bb06602638", "word": "目盛", "reading": "めもり", "romaji": "memori", "meanings": [ "scale", "gradations" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1605030, "examples": [ { "ja": "日本では摂氏の目盛りが使われている。", "en": "The Celsius scale is used in Japan.", "tatoeba_id": 122761 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "68b53428f471986db2c8132f3ab5bf6dda8cf58e1199cc09066b059d977b5c8d", "meanings": [ "刻度" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "日本では摂氏の目盛りが使われている。", "zh": "日本使用摄氏刻度。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bb06602638", "JMdict ent_seq 1605030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c12f66e0ddc61ceb563f8dc76ef549851cf677ea7b061e42bde0b1a44c1817d1" } }, { "id": "08fe449685", "word": "メロディー", "reading": "メロディー", "romaji": "merodii", "meanings": [ "melody" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1134150, "examples": [ { "ja": "このメロディーは多くの日本人に知られている。", "furigana": "このメロディーは{多|おお}くの{日本人|にほんじん}に{知|し}られている。", "en": "This melody is familiar to many Japanese.", "tatoeba_id": 223115 }, { "ja": "彼はメロディーを口笛で吹き始めた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はメロディーを{口笛|くちぶえ}で{吹|ふ}き{始|はじ}めた。", "en": "He began to whistle a tune.", "tatoeba_id": 110644 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "47f97310759018e24d6efaa13f2139609a3448f08c0ffda32e1df5b3c68d41db", "meanings": [ "旋律" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このメロディーは多くの日本人に知られている。", "zh": "这段旋律为许多日本人所熟知。" }, { "ja": "彼はメロディーを口笛で吹き始めた。", "zh": "他开始用口哨吹奏旋律。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/08fe449685", "JMdict ent_seq 1134150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9593e6d7dc9cefc37de9e558d431e0bbbbd4bc2668a92152143cc15eb1fefaa0" } }, { "id": "9f6a0cdf6c", "word": "面会", "reading": "めんかい", "romaji": "menkai", "meanings": [ "meeting", "seeing in person" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1533440, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたに面会したいという婦人がいます。", "furigana": "あなたに{面会|めんかい}したいという{婦人|ふじん}がいます。", "en": "There's a lady asking for you.", "tatoeba_id": 233653 }, { "ja": "彼は仕事中なので面会は出来ません。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{仕事中|しごとちゅう}なので{面会|めんかい}は{出来|でき}ません。", "en": "You can't see him because he is engaged.", "tatoeba_id": 106599 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b21ffc9c8bc92ec40e574790b3776ebd0bce265e739fee07c8a72263d39a4cc3", "meanings": [ "会面", "探视" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたに面会したいという婦人がいます。", "zh": "有位女士想见您。" }, { "ja": "彼は仕事中なので面会は出来ません。", "zh": "他正在工作，不能会面。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9f6a0cdf6c", "JMdict ent_seq 1533440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "418180c444d25b3d9545890810718a028218c56c8704c5cc7ebf1c44718e5c23" } }, { "id": "7169d757fd", "word": "免除", "reading": "めんじょ", "romaji": "menjo", "meanings": [ "exemption", "exoneration", "discharge" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1533200, "examples": [ { "ja": "わたしは、彼女の残業を免除してやった。", "en": "I exempted her from working overtime.", "tatoeba_id": 191885 }, { "ja": "彼は借金を免除してもらった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{借金|しゃっきん}を{免除|めんじょ}してもらった。", "en": "He obtained a release from his debt.", "tatoeba_id": 104612 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "98e23eeffdf26b6beab6079b46de4f963706095a9adcdfe430903aab6a4ca4dd", "meanings": [ "免除" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "わたしは、彼女の残業を免除してやった。", "zh": "我免除了她的加班。" }, { "ja": "彼は借金を免除してもらった。", "zh": "他获得了债务豁免。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7169d757fd", "JMdict ent_seq 1533200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bffede7444afb918e0ea8f9a26e1696e7a08fc5e7b0bc295426287a5009b941e" } }, { "id": "29000d2970", "word": "面する", "reading": "めんする", "romaji": "mensuru", "meanings": [ "to face on", "to look out on to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vs-s", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1533400, "examples": [ { "ja": "ニューヨークは、ハドソン川に面している。", "en": "New York is on the Hudson River.", "tatoeba_id": 198715 }, { "ja": "庭に面した部屋に替えてください。", "en": "I'd like a room facing the garden.", "tatoeba_id": 125512 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f2a20eda8fc56483e6e05142c004149fb0bf44fc327012c757352dae7783119b", "meanings": [ "面向" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ニューヨークは、ハドソン川に面している。", "zh": "纽约面临哈德逊河。" }, { "ja": "庭に面した部屋に替えてください。", "zh": "请给我换一间朝花园的房间。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/29000d2970", "JMdict ent_seq 1533400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "88751bf1e040b0a85670ec223026d70a9336f6e2a8b7fabba75113179862356d" } }, { "id": "1dd4a1423d", "word": "面目", "reading": "めんぼく", "romaji": "menboku", "meanings": [ "face", "honour", "reputation", "prestige", "dignity", "credit" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1533590, "examples": [ { "ja": "ケンはその試験に合格して面目を保った。", "en": "Ken saved his face by passing the examination.", "tatoeba_id": 225165 }, { "ja": "なんとも面目ありません。", "en": "I have no excuse.", "tatoeba_id": 198831 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "80349c6c5c17907f4bf47d385cada86a342107166a9b70e4f44d2d3ae19abbec", "meanings": [ "面子", "名誉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ケンはその試験に合格して面目を保った。", "zh": "肯通过考试保住了面子。" }, { "ja": "なんとも面目ありません。", "zh": "实在惭愧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1dd4a1423d", "JMdict ent_seq 1533590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b38f7b4ba853789f724a6bea337462feff7abd8092bbac9e67ee7fde865b34ee" } }, { "id": "ac2fe3732a", "word": "設ける", "reading": "もうける", "romaji": "moukeru", "meanings": [ "to create", "to establish" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1386000, "examples": [ { "ja": "イギリスは多くの植民地を設けた。", "furigana": "イギリスは{多|おお}くの{植民地|しょくみんち}を{設|もう}けた。", "en": "Britain established many colonies.", "tatoeba_id": 229240 }, { "ja": "政府は委員会を設けてその事故の解明にあたらせた。", "furigana": "{政府|せいふ}は{委員会|いいんかい}を{設|もう}けてその{事故|じこ}の{解明|かいめい}にあたらせた。", "en": "The government appointed a committee to investigate the accident.", "tatoeba_id": 143116 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "69f18936a19a84ecc49a700a265afecd6e24e02955709e367037a9b805533f1d", "meanings": [ "设置", "设立" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "イギリスは多くの植民地を設けた。", "zh": "英国建立了许多殖民地。" }, { "ja": "政府は委員会を設けてその事故の解明にあたらせた。", "zh": "政府设立委员会调查那起事故。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ac2fe3732a", "JMdict ent_seq 1386000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3c0cdaf50e114a17ed530edfcf909819a1e70056bb1faca0ecde92072c026caf" } }, { "id": "b843d494ba", "word": "申し入れる", "reading": "もうしいれる", "romaji": "moushiireru", "meanings": [ "to propose", "to suggest" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1363010, "examples": [ { "ja": "同じ頃、事務員・有村夏恵は、今月を限りに退職する旨を五鬼上に申し入れた。", "en": "At the same time, the clerk Natsue Arimura told Gokijo of her intent to resign after this month.", "tatoeba_id": 74064 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "13ffa9c9507cb15f16902e2e19854b149bda1b9288bbf4d1b2091aaf75d5bf84", "meanings": [ "提出", "告知" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "同じ頃、事務員・有村夏恵は、今月を限りに退職する旨を五鬼上に申し入れた。", "zh": "大约同时，事务员有村夏惠向五鬼上提出本月底辞职。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b843d494ba", "JMdict ent_seq 1363010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "da01394f10070d3ed3b35585bbaeb409a493ebf0b6f61462adca7a549077e4b5" } }, { "id": "c6ce77ca05", "word": "申し込み", "reading": "もうしこみ", "romaji": "moushikomi", "meanings": [ "application", "entry", "request", "subscription", "offer", "proposal", "overture", "challenge" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1605140, "examples": [ { "ja": "結婚の申し込みが殺到した。", "en": "Marriage proposals flooded in.", "tatoeba_id": 175753 }, { "ja": "彼女はすべての申し込みを断った。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はすべての{申|もう}し{込|こ}みを{断|ことわ}った。", "en": "She turned down every proposal.", "tatoeba_id": 92674 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "aa6e4f08ecaea3c3910e6cc461f244727ce2dd88f8bc04bc93a0af7df0eaa765", "meanings": [ "申请", "求婚" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "結婚の申し込みが殺到した。", "zh": "求婚请求纷至沓来。" }, { "ja": "彼女はすべての申し込みを断った。", "zh": "她拒绝了所有申请。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c6ce77ca05", "JMdict ent_seq 1605140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9fe2f2a3f7fcdf56171e9eb52f50790d751e6a6df40545867dcd2a929023ea72" } }, { "id": "5aa2622835", "word": "申出", "reading": "もうしで", "romaji": "moushide", "meanings": [ "proposal", "request", "claim", "report", "notice" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1362920, "examples": [ { "ja": "なぜ彼の申し出を断ったのですか。", "furigana": "なぜ{彼|かれ}の{申|もう}し{出|で}を{断|ことわ}ったのですか。", "en": "Why did you turn down his offer?", "tatoeba_id": 199149 }, { "ja": "彼らの申し出には両面があるぞ。", "en": "Their offer cuts both ways.", "tatoeba_id": 98472 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "85f9a083e8483c15ad9e07ba0f83f3a454bfc9d8838c486542511123e0cda3f5", "meanings": [ "提议", "申请" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "なぜ彼の申し出を断ったのですか。", "zh": "你为什么拒绝他的提议？" }, { "ja": "彼らの申し出には両面があるぞ。", "zh": "他们的提议有两个方面。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5aa2622835", "JMdict ent_seq 1362920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e0a07b4d72d55cc077ff82a527af73d263fa142c4865a62879e85228c5847b8f" } }, { "id": "ba2699e0fa", "word": "申し出る", "reading": "もうしでる", "romaji": "moushideru", "meanings": [ "to report to", "to tell", "to suggest", "to submit", "to request", "to make an offer" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1362930, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼女にお金を貸そうと申し出た。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{彼女|かのじょ}にお{金|かね}を{貸|か}そうと{申|もう}し{出|で}た。", "en": "I offered to lend money to her.", "tatoeba_id": 153403 }, { "ja": "トムは私に金を貸そうと申し出た。", "furigana": "トムは{私|わたし}に{金|かね}を{貸|か}そうと{申|もう}し{出|で}た。", "en": "Tom offered to lend me the money.", "tatoeba_id": 199918 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cc7b282cb800a2701d4c82e0826d27165c6a708224bb0498343c296e0785ebe7", "meanings": [ "提出", "主动表示" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼女にお金を貸そうと申し出た。", "zh": "我主动提出借钱给她。" }, { "ja": "トムは私に金を貸そうと申し出た。", "zh": "汤姆主动提出借钱给我。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ba2699e0fa", "JMdict ent_seq 1362930; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b5c3571dac79264b3f32e017db74415dadfce8c280c828f85642484e0e016ea8" } }, { "id": "ab6f675ec9", "word": "申し分", "reading": "もうしぶん", "romaji": "moushibun", "meanings": [ "objection", "shortcomings" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1363030, "examples": [ { "ja": "その人が申し分がないからといって、恋に落ちるわけではない。", "furigana": "その{人|ひと}が{申|もう}し{分|ぶん}がないからといって、{恋|こい}に{落|お}ちるわけではない。", "en": "You don't fall in love with somebody because he's perfect.", "tatoeba_id": 208789 }, { "ja": "彼女は秘書として申し分がない。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{秘書|ひしょ}として{申|もう}し{分|ぶん}がない。", "en": "As a secretary she is a prize.", "tatoeba_id": 87145 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "44f3b687a6ee34552f5daba0400879309faee4e2e8f4355874edb03c90c97ffc", "meanings": [ "异议", "缺点" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その人が申し分がないからといって、恋に落ちるわけではない。", "zh": "一个人无可挑剔，也不意味着会爱上他。" }, { "ja": "彼女は秘書として申し分がない。", "zh": "她作为秘书无可挑剔。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ab6f675ec9", "JMdict ent_seq 1363030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e9c4f0c61687542d19c787feb58f410b6a34bac14a9c3f08d75f5550e1b49348" } }, { "id": "37a8128b31", "word": "盲点", "reading": "もうてん", "romaji": "mouten", "meanings": [ "blind spot" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1534280, "examples": [ { "ja": "ミラーには盲点がある。", "en": "The mirror has a blind spot." }, { "ja": "この計画には盲点がある。", "en": "There is a blind spot in this plan." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ab5a213005aaf386d04601e2941b1848d0c5eb6981ad8db336db6a40618e6261", "meanings": [ "盲点" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ミラーには盲点がある。", "zh": "后视镜里有盲区。" }, { "ja": "この計画には盲点がある。", "zh": "这个计划存在盲点。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/37a8128b31", "JMdict ent_seq 1534280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "98ff1890c89e179bd3c50c91dc68dba6ba8440b17280056b1952caf269dbc3d7" } }, { "id": "e440e0684c", "word": "猛烈", "reading": "もうれつ", "romaji": "mouretsu", "meanings": [ "violent", "vehement", "rage" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1534100, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは、猛烈にいがみあっている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは、{猛烈|もうれつ}にいがみあっている。", "en": "They fight like cat and dog.", "tatoeba_id": 98309 }, { "ja": "警官がやってくるのを見ると彼は猛烈に走り出した。", "en": "When he saw a policeman coming, he began to run like anything.", "tatoeba_id": 176390 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "424934ef50fdb462c045bdcb0d5cafc08b1312e376d8f9bb9f07801034542fd4", "meanings": [ "猛烈" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは、猛烈にいがみあっている。", "zh": "他们彼此猛烈争吵。" }, { "ja": "警官がやってくるのを見ると彼は猛烈に走り出した。", "zh": "他看到警察过来就猛烈地跑起来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e440e0684c", "JMdict ent_seq 1534100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fd80472943830e36d3f8e91b63e78968ccfdda20126ded9238d42ca79f8b2945" } }, { "id": "0b65c779f2", "word": "モーテル", "reading": "モーテル", "romaji": "mooteru", "meanings": [ "motel" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1135150, "examples": [ { "ja": "この通りのモーテルはどこも満室だ。", "furigana": "この{通|とお}りのモーテルはどこも{満室|まんしつ}だ。", "en": "All the motels on this road are full.", "tatoeba_id": 220483 }, { "ja": "モーテルに関する情報をください。", "furigana": "モーテルに{関|かん}する{情報|じょうほう}をください。", "en": "I'd like some information on motels.", "tatoeba_id": 193957 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9d2b2e85709bcc1038d76cd5329e325ed2d55a233b13aa926b5571a63cd3ccdf", "meanings": [ "汽车旅馆" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この通りのモーテルはどこも満室だ。", "zh": "这条街上的汽车旅馆都客满了。" }, { "ja": "モーテルに関する情報をください。", "zh": "请给我汽车旅馆的信息。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0b65c779f2", "JMdict ent_seq 1135150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "34f75cc55e20804fc2b2fe2e7d6a1dd7334344759b14ce1a74b6eab055811562" } }, { "id": "f3cfd2a1e8", "word": "もがく", "reading": "もがく", "romaji": "mogaku", "meanings": [ "to struggle", "to wriggle", "to be impatient" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5k", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1012490, "other_forms": [ "藻掻く" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その動物は檻から出ようともがいた。", "furigana": "その{動物|どうぶつ}は{檻|おり}から{出|で}ようともがいた。", "en": "The animal struggled to get out of the cage.", "tatoeba_id": 207445 }, { "ja": "地下鉄から出るのに私はもがいた。", "furigana": "{地下鉄|ちかてつ}から{出|で}るのに{私|わたし}はもがいた。", "en": "I struggled to get out of the subway.", "tatoeba_id": 127017 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a9ce917a7fbb42d8a5d88bcef22716b14f0ffda135a82cec56a369674894ac0e", "meanings": [ "挣扎" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その動物は檻から出ようともがいた。", "zh": "那只动物挣扎着想从笼子里出来。" }, { "ja": "地下鉄から出るのに私はもがいた。", "zh": "我费力地挤出地铁。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f3cfd2a1e8", "JMdict ent_seq 1012490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0e24c84b55de8b9a5b04039f795eda523faae52c3e7b18a7ee25c8956388b98c" } }, { "id": "303fa096e1", "word": "目録", "reading": "もくろく", "romaji": "mokuroku", "meanings": [ "catalogue", "catalog", "list" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1535710, "examples": [ { "ja": "新刊書の目録を作って欲しいと思います。", "furigana": "{新刊書|しんかんしょ}の{目録|もくろく}を{作|つく}って{欲|ほ}しいと{思|おも}います。", "en": "I wish you would make a list of the newly published books.", "tatoeba_id": 145298 }, { "ja": "７月２２日付けのお手紙につきまして私共の最新の目録を同封します。", "en": "With regard to your letter of July 22nd, I enclose our most recent catalogue.", "tatoeba_id": 235001 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "68e1b7484daba603fd69971a9eedc38ed2ca7b736cacfdb5ea21ffa825b4220f", "meanings": [ "目录" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新刊書の目録を作って欲しいと思います。", "zh": "我希望你做一份新书目录。" }, { "ja": "７月２２日付けのお手紙につきまして私共の最新の目録を同封します。", "zh": "关于您七月二十二日的来信，随函附上我们最新的目录。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/303fa096e1", "JMdict ent_seq 1535710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1c8486d400438b343daa471a8f4c868e25a98201197a430d4f823f3bdf8c2255" } }, { "id": "d58572d331", "word": "目論見", "reading": "もくろみ", "romaji": "mokuromi", "meanings": [ "a plan", "a scheme", "a project", "a program", "intention", "goal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1535730, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は自分の目論見を漏らさないように用心した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{自分|じぶん}の{目論見|もくろみ}を{漏|も}らさないように{用心|ようじん}した。", "en": "I was wary of showing my intention.", "tatoeba_id": 156203 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2c7b76505604a156edb74793db56424b99a6455922f0a40037e5ab470fcf844c", "meanings": [ "计划", "企图" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は自分の目論見を漏らさないように用心した。", "zh": "我小心不泄露自己的计划。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d58572d331", "JMdict ent_seq 1535730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b0c69a64814c162d17706171c40d5d09b33b218fb29433424edabb0b8fc169ce" } }, { "id": "9baecfa9f3", "word": "模型", "reading": "もけい", "romaji": "mokei", "meanings": [ "model", "dummy", "maquette" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1533650, "examples": [ { "ja": "父は私に船の模型を作ってくれた。", "furigana": "{父|ちち}は{私|わたし}に{船|ふね}の{模型|もけい}を{作|つく}ってくれた。", "en": "Father made me a model of a ship.", "tatoeba_id": 84507 }, { "ja": "模型の宇宙船を作るのは面白い。", "furigana": "{模型|もけい}の{宇宙船|うちゅうせん}を{作|つく}るのは{面白|おもしろ}い。", "en": "Making model spaceships is interesting.", "tatoeba_id": 80185 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c26e8218aaeafe99edab609ab6be4ef6ff1fe2ea69fe21c937c5a2cf0304e8e5", "meanings": [ "模型" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "父は私に船の模型を作ってくれた。", "zh": "父亲给我做了一个船模型。" }, { "ja": "模型の宇宙船を作るのは面白い。", "zh": "制作宇宙飞船模型很有趣。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9baecfa9f3", "JMdict ent_seq 1533650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1bcd398f7641777a2c6332ebf1616aad7ff16dd4e1d72c45eb4f97de23d50fcc" } }, { "id": "912c2148b4", "word": "模索", "reading": "もさく", "romaji": "mosaku", "meanings": [ "groping (for)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1533660, "examples": [ { "ja": "より簡単な解決策を模索している。", "en": "I'm looking for a simpler solution.", "tatoeba_id": 8642526 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "962656315a543b0f2aa6343dfc3315131b812562e9ca082067af683e9e30580b", "meanings": [ "摸索" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "より簡単な解決策を模索している。", "zh": "正在摸索更简单的解决办法。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/912c2148b4", "JMdict ent_seq 1533660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a39266a07a964499ffb49e3d92cda3d2a092771b48d289c2d1620f978496dbc1" } }, { "id": "16f035d374", "word": "もしかして", "reading": "もしかして", "romaji": "moshikashite", "meanings": [ "perhaps", "possibly" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1012520, "other_forms": [ "若しかして" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ああ、もしかして名前を呼ばれるのが恥ずかしいって？", "furigana": "ああ、もしかして{名前|なまえ}を{呼|よ}ばれるのが{恥|は}ずかしいって？", "en": "Ah, could it be you're embarrassed to be called by your first name?", "tatoeba_id": 76927 }, { "ja": "もしかしてあなたのタイプ貸してもらえるかしら。", "en": "Is there any chance of my borrowing your typewriter?", "tatoeba_id": 193879 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "58ab913c826c37255efe4c6b97a0746a7040a7b86f05dbcf19c3d6af5cd7ca9e", "meanings": [ "也许", "难道" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ああ、もしかして名前を呼ばれるのが恥ずかしいって？", "zh": "啊，难道你觉得被叫名字不好意思？" }, { "ja": "もしかしてあなたのタイプ貸してもらえるかしら。", "zh": "或许可以借用一下你的打字机吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/16f035d374", "JMdict ent_seq 1012520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cbed37f67463e56dff2664b23befb37960e5d938ad3db44a0c68c24c0e116d9b" } }, { "id": "b81e9f6d15", "word": "若しくは", "reading": "もしくは", "romaji": "moshikuwa", "meanings": [ "or", "otherwise" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "conj" ], "jmdict_id": 1324320, "examples": [ { "ja": "７０年もしくは８０年が人間の普通の寿命期間である。", "en": "Seventy or eighty years is the normal span of a man's life.", "tatoeba_id": 235017 }, { "ja": "川越の山車は、いわゆる鉾山車と呼ばれる形で、車輪が3つ、もしくは4つ付いています。", "en": "The Kawagoe festival float has the shape of what's called a hoko float. It has three, or four, wheels attached.", "tatoeba_id": 75925 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e17c1729308969bdccf801fba17239940d5b709c37fa0e7832a69e05432504b2", "meanings": [ "或者" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "７０年もしくは８０年が人間の普通の寿命期間である。", "zh": "七十或八十年是人的正常寿命。" }, { "ja": "川越の山車は、いわゆる鉾山車と呼ばれる形で、車輪が3つ、もしくは4つ付いています。", "zh": "川越的花车是所谓的鉾山車形式，有三个或四个轮子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b81e9f6d15", "JMdict ent_seq 1324320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3235b2fdbc26bb657ccd14aec9c58b24c48aa88d8a22cdc1ff2fdffa921a31a6" } }, { "id": "f9c050f95c", "word": "もたらす", "reading": "もたらす", "romaji": "motarasu", "meanings": [ "to bring", "to take", "to bring about" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1573190, "examples": [ { "ja": "富は幸福をもたらすとは限らない。", "furigana": "{富|とみ}は{幸福|こうふく}をもたらすとは{限|かぎ}らない。", "en": "Wealth does not always bring us happiness.", "tatoeba_id": 84953 }, { "ja": "対外貿易は巨額の収入をもたらす。", "furigana": "{対外|たいがい}{貿易|ぼうえき}は{巨額|きょがく}の{収入|しゅうにゅう}をもたらす。", "en": "Foreign trade brings in a large income.", "tatoeba_id": 137956 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3b5d569b2e2e3efb4732c38722c457abd1efcdd19b7231253e0f92473f3293df", "meanings": [ "带来", "引起" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "富は幸福をもたらすとは限らない。", "zh": "财富未必带来幸福。" }, { "ja": "対外貿易は巨額の収入をもたらす。", "zh": "对外贸易带来巨额收入。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f9c050f95c", "JMdict ent_seq 1573190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "095b9eceab796c7b76ca1fc4e9f972782ac069a0893800f0c2ddd0e31a6282ae" } }, { "id": "fc348186ae", "word": "持ち", "reading": "もち", "romaji": "mochi", "meanings": [ "hold", "charge", "keep possession", "in charge", "wear", "durability", "life", "draw", "usage (suff)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1612060, "examples": [ { "ja": "腰痛持ちです。", "furigana": "{腰痛|ようつう}{持|も}ちです。", "en": "I have back problems.", "tatoeba_id": 2302992 }, { "ja": "この種の洋服地は持ちがよくないだろう。", "en": "The suit materials of this sort will not stand up well.", "tatoeba_id": 221268 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4f1c0c5947abf7c986d0d5c891de1c47b14232c84904bdb8113ec81bbc4a7c09", "meanings": [ "持有", "耐用" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "腰痛持ちです。", "zh": "我有腰痛的毛病。" }, { "ja": "この種の洋服地は持ちがよくないだろう。", "zh": "这种衣料恐怕不耐穿。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fc348186ae", "JMdict ent_seq 1612060; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ceb49e828d8222cba9e5721495a7f4db54a7e11660b4c8b805412cd303cc7804" } }, { "id": "f77942b430", "word": "持ち切り", "reading": "もちきり", "romaji": "mochikiri", "meanings": [ "hot topic", "talk of the town" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1315630, "examples": [ { "ja": "社内はそのニュースのことで持ちきりだった。", "en": "They talked about nothing but the news in the company.", "tatoeba_id": 149161 }, { "ja": "彼女が来月フランスへ行くと言ううわさでもちきりだ。", "en": "There is much talk that she is going to France next month.", "tatoeba_id": 95162 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e08eeb257eaadf651512368e21a7932b9c8596a7f12e00ebf384032bd6bea818", "meanings": [ "净谈论" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "社内はそのニュースのことで持ちきりだった。", "zh": "公司里都在谈论那个消息。" }, { "ja": "彼女が来月フランスへ行くと言ううわさでもちきりだ。", "zh": "大家都在谈论她下个月去法国的传闻。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f77942b430", "JMdict ent_seq 1315630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b874263943833cb497b7c3070143242d8864e7c0b698c486a448e84a34ec0271" } }, { "id": "0a4e418b78", "word": "以て", "reading": "もって", "romaji": "motte", "meanings": [ "with", "by", "by means of", "because", "in view of" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "exp" ], "jmdict_id": 1155020, "examples": [ { "ja": "その状況は戦争を以てしか決着できない。", "en": "The situation could only be settled by war.", "tatoeba_id": 876647 }, { "ja": "どうしてもって時以外は、タクシーは使わないんだ。", "en": "I don't use taxis unless it's absolutely necessary.", "tatoeba_id": 11122292 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "910521ba00605aa5d9bbfbe1cae8996acc16248e363a0b621bcc63caa76d60be", "meanings": [ "以", "凭" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その状況は戦争を以てしか決着できない。", "zh": "那个局势只有通过战争才能解决。" }, { "ja": "どうしてもって時以外は、タクシーは使わないんだ。", "zh": "非到万不得已，我不会坐出租车。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0a4e418b78", "JMdict ent_seq 1155020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2da140a18ed050029bda478b8268a61fa99e05629b908e1b188fe2a80ac9a2b6" } }, { "id": "c5e616bbf8", "word": "専ら", "reading": "もっぱら", "romaji": "moppara", "meanings": [ "wholly", "solely", "entirely" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1389740, "examples": [ { "ja": "その特権はもっぱらご婦人だけに限られている。", "furigana": "その{特権|とっけん}はもっぱらご{婦人|ふじん}だけに{限|かぎ}られている。", "en": "The privilege is reserved exclusively for women.", "tatoeba_id": 207411 }, { "ja": "政治に対する私の関心は専ら学問上のものです。", "en": "My interest in politics is strictly academic.", "tatoeba_id": 143203 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "18b2070911f5cde0b31d78b998b0f4a194c70b472e7329eb6430058abe4cb6f8", "meanings": [ "专门", "主要" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その特権はもっぱらご婦人だけに限られている。", "zh": "那项特权专门限于女士。" }, { "ja": "政治に対する私の関心は専ら学問上のものです。", "zh": "我对政治的兴趣主要是学术性的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c5e616bbf8", "JMdict ent_seq 1389740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9f5401cf53cfe4377ef19ea3f0a65bb8345fef545fec17ce1cc3d14e5fffc5e2" } }, { "id": "d1f2f342ca", "word": "もてなす", "reading": "もてなす", "romaji": "motenasu", "meanings": [ "to entertain", "to make welcome" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1315740, "other_forms": [ "持て成す" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "主人はパーティーで私達をもてなしてくれた。", "en": "The host entertained us at the party.", "tatoeba_id": 148704 }, { "ja": "彼は彼女をもてなした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{彼女|かのじょ}をもてなした。", "en": "He entertained her.", "tatoeba_id": 100994 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "213b9adca9f6344d998756a833a4ff2d3d25199692c5fcea149d77a27032d98b", "meanings": [ "款待" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "主人はパーティーで私達をもてなしてくれた。", "zh": "主人在派对上招待了我们。" }, { "ja": "彼は彼女をもてなした。", "zh": "他款待了她。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d1f2f342ca", "JMdict ent_seq 1315740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "062bf43676793f8b73294b3f05445d369d8b03d445343fdecf058509bc18313b" } }, { "id": "b1f1dc3610", "word": "持てる", "reading": "もてる", "romaji": "moteru", "meanings": [ "to be able to possess", "to be popular" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1315730, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はもてる物すべてを失った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はもてる{物|もの}すべてを{失|うしな}った。", "en": "He lost his all.", "tatoeba_id": 110537 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "95f6e8d68458a93dcea067e9ca5c09e013581e7a0ec7a135b4ba249331720291", "meanings": [ "受欢迎", "能够持有" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はもてる物すべてを失った。", "zh": "他失去了自己拥有的一切。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b1f1dc3610", "JMdict ent_seq 1315730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "94707fc9054648341841f2eb3faacfb6696014dbd9a9706c58dac16c3c74546e" } }, { "id": "c2b9455981", "word": "基", "reading": "もとい", "romaji": "motoi", "meanings": [ "basis" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 2219600, "examples": [ { "ja": "信頼は協力の基だ。", "en": "Trust is the foundation of cooperation." }, { "ja": "教育は社会の基となる。", "en": "Education is a foundation of society." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5c5754d5f28c66a9e23468e8e760d81ae45fd5dd89643229caa660052e3a46d2", "meanings": [ "基础" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "信頼は協力の基だ。", "zh": "信任是合作的基础。" }, { "ja": "教育は社会の基となる。", "zh": "教育是社会的基础。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c2b9455981", "JMdict ent_seq 2219600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "25463cc3b7f76ccf6c3b70124f1501646cfd671e3c82dcdaa78ad640e3a10576" } }, { "id": "123bb613f5", "word": "モニター", "reading": "モニター", "romaji": "monitaa", "meanings": [ "(computer) monitor" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1135430, "examples": [ { "ja": "医師は患者の心臓の鼓動と血圧をモニターで監視した。", "furigana": "{医師|いし}は{患者|かんじゃ}の{心臓|しんぞう}の{鼓動|こどう}と{血圧|けつあつ}をモニターで{監視|かんし}した。", "en": "The doctor monitored the patient's heartbeat and blood pressure.", "tatoeba_id": 190941 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "be6d83dd25bc39d11a3b49fd57f0b3a6ccd126d284168d2affecf3dc369023f7", "meanings": [ "监视器", "监测" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "医師は患者の心臓の鼓動と血圧をモニターで監視した。", "zh": "医生用监视器监测患者的心跳和血压。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/123bb613f5", "JMdict ent_seq 1135430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0f0e5e541901437f7df44b1bbaceafb175ed14b4930f97e83ab886c2d998c4f5" } }, { "id": "595555080c", "word": "物好き", "reading": "ものずき", "romaji": "monozuki", "meanings": [ "curiosity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1502500, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は物好きにもその珍しい催しに参加した。", "en": "Out of curiosity, he attended the unusual event." }, { "ja": "物好きな人だけがその遠い場所を訪れる。", "en": "Only unusually curious people visit that distant place." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7737594d0dbea6a9a87709d5646650756859ab3498c166e10818dd9a656a872c", "meanings": [ "猎奇", "有怪癖的人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は物好きにもその珍しい催しに参加した。", "zh": "他好奇地参加了这场奇特的活动。" }, { "ja": "物好きな人だけがその遠い場所を訪れる。", "zh": "只有好奇的人才会去那个偏远地方。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/595555080c", "JMdict ent_seq 1502500; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "表示有奇特兴趣或好奇心，不是普通的“喜欢某物”。", "review_hash": "b01a6b437168820792ad9c8a8f88c453521aad54d335ab1e944c21a27ca81389" } }, { "id": "1bf02a30c2", "word": "物足りない", "reading": "ものたりない", "romaji": "monotarinai", "meanings": [ "unsatisfied", "unsatisfactory" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1502650, "examples": [ { "ja": "このドラマは単純な勧善懲悪もので、今一つ深みに欠けて物足りない。", "en": "This drama is missing something. All it is is a simple cautionary tale with no real depth.", "tatoeba_id": 223451 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "18d59fd32d2349c32deeccf79daa429484c2266e38604a0373c05c02efce0690", "meanings": [ "不过瘾", "不满足" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このドラマは単純な勧善懲悪もので、今一つ深みに欠けて物足りない。", "zh": "这部剧是简单的劝善惩恶故事，缺少深度，让人不过瘾。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1bf02a30c2", "JMdict ent_seq 1502650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "13c235651f9b52b6dd0da543f7438732e41df2d7293934f5c979fd2640567778" } }, { "id": "dd45f4d60f", "word": "最早", "reading": "もはや", "romaji": "mohaya", "meanings": [ "already", "now" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1294170, "examples": [ { "ja": "もはや言うことはない。", "en": "I have nothing further to say.", "tatoeba_id": 193171 }, { "ja": "彼女はもはや以前の彼女ではない。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はもはや{以前|いぜん}の{彼女|かのじょ}ではない。", "en": "She is no longer what she used to be.", "tatoeba_id": 91347 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "756a6e717a5d21e0b7891c5cefe1cfefa2c894553af23ea4b1c032afddcbbdee", "meanings": [ "已经", "不再" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "もはや言うことはない。", "zh": "已经没有什么可说了。" }, { "ja": "彼女はもはや以前の彼女ではない。", "zh": "她已不再是从前的她。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dd45f4d60f", "JMdict ent_seq 1294170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4b477ac72f6af84e0e0715e98bcc4149f7e065c1bbc22abf2ab4fa2269459403" } }, { "id": "9cabd94371", "word": "模範", "reading": "もはん", "romaji": "mohan", "meanings": [ "exemplar", "exemplification", "exemplum", "model", "example" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1533690, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの答案を模範答案と比較しなさい。", "en": "Compare your paper with the model one.", "tatoeba_id": 233063 }, { "ja": "彼は正直の模範だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{正直|しょうじき}の{模範|もはん}だ。", "en": "He is a model of honesty.", "tatoeba_id": 103276 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "14af76ded955c1bf5264c9290a8d4da8f1abde3ec77afb139c50ee5c75db432a", "meanings": [ "模范", "榜样" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたの答案を模範答案と比較しなさい。", "zh": "把你的答案与标准答案比较。" }, { "ja": "彼は正直の模範だ。", "zh": "他是诚实的榜样。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9cabd94371", "JMdict ent_seq 1533690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4c99dd70765acd3c549b204b20c0d30addb58f50bc1f80bd6db8d2fca887a016" } }, { "id": "efd9b9c1fc", "word": "模倣", "reading": "もほう", "romaji": "mohou", "meanings": [ "imitation", "copying" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1533700, "examples": [ { "ja": "全ての子供には、尊敬し模倣する人が必要だ。", "en": "Every child needs someone to look up to and copy.", "tatoeba_id": 140868 }, { "ja": "特別な技能を必要とする分野を除けば、彼らは彼のスタイルをあらゆる点で模倣した。", "en": "They have imitated his style in all areas except those that require special skill.", "tatoeba_id": 123456 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9f79097d60b8b225a0facea428359b5cf38960c3c4999f4fdeb6a55e3170a650", "meanings": [ "模仿" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "全ての子供には、尊敬し模倣する人が必要だ。", "zh": "所有孩子都需要可以尊敬和模仿的人。" }, { "ja": "特別な技能を必要とする分野を除けば、彼らは彼のスタイルをあらゆる点で模倣した。", "zh": "除需要特殊技能的领域外，他们在各方面都模仿了他的风格。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/efd9b9c1fc", "JMdict ent_seq 1533700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cf670e5f6057b21eaa466b30f1d4a2714d6710327e639a43e0bcf9e95694af39" } }, { "id": "30c939edbf", "word": "揉める", "reading": "もめる", "romaji": "momeru", "meanings": [ "to disagree", "to dispute" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1567630, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは財産分けのことでもめている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{財産|ざいさん}{分|わ}けのことでもめている。", "en": "They are arguing about their share of the property.", "tatoeba_id": 97107 }, { "ja": "その子供たちはいつも親ともめる。", "furigana": "その{子供|こども}たちはいつも{親|おや}ともめる。", "en": "Those children always get into trouble with their parents.", "tatoeba_id": 210160 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e3bbf5b0f92341ebdd09293519ed0b0ffac9d13b35a563635427a8eb4ae0f321", "meanings": [ "争执" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは財産分けのことでもめている。", "zh": "他们在为分财产争吵。" }, { "ja": "その子供たちはいつも親ともめる。", "zh": "那些孩子总是和父母争吵。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/30c939edbf", "JMdict ent_seq 1567630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4beb21416b03f4014480a471c71243dfd823064294a0e5f382c8d9738e375433" } }, { "id": "b8b395d09e", "word": "腿", "reading": "もも", "romaji": "momo", "meanings": [ "thigh", "femur" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1605310, "examples": [ { "ja": "スケートをするには強い腿の筋肉が必要である。", "en": "You need to have strong thigh muscles to skate.", "tatoeba_id": 214741 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5a6004e65226be68c85daf9e0ed29aac763e26ded5ebf9e559d1e281218e4f95", "meanings": [ "大腿" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "スケートをするには強い腿の筋肉が必要である。", "zh": "滑冰需要强健的大腿肌肉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b8b395d09e", "JMdict ent_seq 1605310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d368375077c5c1dc3cd31e4a6dc6dad893d3bdd2711d02229edc62e357e3a670" } }, { "id": "a86e81be17", "word": "催す", "reading": "もよおす", "romaji": "moyoosu", "meanings": [ "to hold (a meeting)", "to give (a dinner)", "to feel", "to show signs of", "to develop symptoms of" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1292160, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は勉強を始めるとどうして眠気を催すのだろうか。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{勉強|べんきょう}を{始|はじ}めるとどうして{眠気|ねむけ}を{催|もよお}すのだろうか。", "en": "Why should he feel drowsy whenever he begins to study?", "tatoeba_id": 100117 }, { "ja": "会は来週の月曜日に催されます。", "furigana": "{会|かい}は{来週|らいしゅう}の{月曜日|げつようび}に{催|もよお}されます。", "en": "The meeting will take place next Monday.", "tatoeba_id": 185429 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ab35b9eeeaea5e8bc38fc98aaca9d115f3eacd238894897bd026b735fb23e156", "meanings": [ "举办", "感到" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は勉強を始めるとどうして眠気を催すのだろうか。", "zh": "为什么他一开始学习就会感到困？" }, { "ja": "会は来週の月曜日に催されます。", "zh": "会议将于下周一举行。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a86e81be17", "JMdict ent_seq 1292160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6d8baba684eef10fb1218926401e10d7cf361a3ee8ea225f70f157089de31416" } }, { "id": "9e45c25695", "word": "漏らす", "reading": "もらす", "romaji": "morasu", "meanings": [ "to let leak", "to reveal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1605320, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は仕事が終わったとき、ため息を漏らした。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{仕事|しごと}が{終|お}わったとき、ため{息|いき}を{漏|も}らした。", "en": "He let out a sigh when the job was finished.", "tatoeba_id": 106669 }, { "ja": "彼は自分の真意を漏らしてしまった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{自分|じぶん}の{真意|しんい}を{漏|も}らしてしまった。", "en": "He gave away his real intention.", "tatoeba_id": 104902 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "632508e0095f979cc2489fba9e9b488bb8f9a3fc2406c630bf0137015ebb3af7", "meanings": [ "泄露", "发出" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は仕事が終わったとき、ため息を漏らした。", "zh": "工作结束时，他叹了口气。" }, { "ja": "彼は自分の真意を漏らしてしまった。", "zh": "他泄露了自己的真实意图。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9e45c25695", "JMdict ent_seq 1605320; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0dfc0bdbbd9342399a7de03206a3ee864951b50c3c579255db995ab273e616fd" } }, { "id": "2f11827eb9", "word": "盛り上がる", "reading": "もりあがる", "romaji": "moriagaru", "meanings": [ "to rouse", "to swell", "to rise" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1379690, "examples": [ { "ja": "火山活動で地面が盛り上がった。", "furigana": "{火山活動|かざんかつどう}で{地面|じめん}が{盛|も}り{上|あ}がった。", "en": "The surface of the earth rose due to the volcanic activity.", "tatoeba_id": 186706 }, { "ja": "観客は盛り上がっているよ。", "furigana": "{観客|かんきゃく}は{盛|も}り{上|あ}がっているよ。", "en": "The audience is really charged up.", "tatoeba_id": 183815 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4c05dda89534573de401525e9f24e3b51a6ce9f4eb2d9918eb9c0853fe562915", "meanings": [ "高涨", "隆起" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "火山活動で地面が盛り上がった。", "zh": "火山活动使地面隆起。" }, { "ja": "観客は盛り上がっているよ。", "zh": "观众的情绪很高涨。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2f11827eb9", "JMdict ent_seq 1379690; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "88c6e673a3306a1cf5acafbb0c9a70ae414de3461637dc0d9ad048c926325d2f" } }, { "id": "52fc6f1676", "word": "漏る", "reading": "もる", "romaji": "moru", "meanings": [ "to leak", "to run out" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1560840, "examples": [ { "ja": "雨が降ると必ず屋根から雨水が漏る。", "furigana": "{雨|あめ}が{降|ふ}ると{必|かなら}ず{屋根|やね}から{雨水|あまみず}が{漏|も}る。", "en": "Every time it rains, the roof leaks.", "tatoeba_id": 189704 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3974ea997490b17da538e09e2a0ad442d058297ee3e14903ef7b5233c40eb34f", "meanings": [ "漏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "雨が降ると必ず屋根から雨水が漏る。", "zh": "下雨时屋顶一定漏雨。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/52fc6f1676", "JMdict ent_seq 1560840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6c4fa41ac0403e44b1a1ea8e64f7c180109cd8d87a22e69c17ff40ec5843bd0c" } }, { "id": "f68af590e0", "word": "漏れる", "reading": "もれる", "romaji": "moreru", "meanings": [ "to leak out", "to escape", "to come through", "to shine through", "to filter out", "to be omitted" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1605330, "examples": [ { "ja": "ガスがパイプから漏れているようです。", "furigana": "ガスがパイプから{漏|も}れているようです。", "en": "Gas seems to be escaping from the pipe.", "tatoeba_id": 226411 }, { "ja": "放射能が原子力発電所から漏れた。", "furigana": "{放射能|ほうしゃのう}が{原子力発電所|げんしりょくはつでんしょ}から{漏|も}れた。", "en": "The radioactivity leaked out of the nuclear power plant.", "tatoeba_id": 82706 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9010d0073ac9cf80bab8f8d0dd182513ccfa845835d6ceaa49f8db75432f01dc", "meanings": [ "漏出", "遗漏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ガスがパイプから漏れているようです。", "zh": "煤气似乎从管道里漏出来了。" }, { "ja": "放射能が原子力発電所から漏れた。", "zh": "核电站发生了放射性物质泄漏。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f68af590e0", "JMdict ent_seq 1605330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "24cd3a360e1f7a8480d9b02a7bfd192f1764abbc0515d58798b7f681a2006eb4" } }, { "id": "f6b83448e3", "word": "脆い", "reading": "もろい", "romaji": "moroi", "meanings": [ "brittle", "fragile", "tender-hearted" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1382220, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼が作った模型飛行機はもろかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}が{作|つく}った{模型飛行機|もけいひこうき}はもろかった。", "en": "His paper plane was fragile.", "tatoeba_id": 120340 }, { "ja": "彼女は情にもろい。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{情|じょう}にもろい。", "en": "She is accessible to pity.", "tatoeba_id": 88629 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "13aa16f591252b35a6a0d32107bd706b56ca7a93886028cc5a29d57149b72c3b", "meanings": [ "脆弱", "易感动" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼が作った模型飛行機はもろかった。", "zh": "他制作的模型飞机很脆弱。" }, { "ja": "彼女は情にもろい。", "zh": "她很容易被感情打动。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f6b83448e3", "JMdict ent_seq 1382220; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "26b1566554d813019cebc9973f78db222c57f248805519e8afe2146bbecee8b6" } }, { "id": "387f269355", "word": "もろに", "reading": "もろに", "romaji": "moroni", "meanings": [ "completely", "all the way" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1012710, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はもろに壁にぶつかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はもろに{壁|かべ}にぶつかった。", "en": "He ran sheer into the wall.", "tatoeba_id": 110521 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "83fa3d5a433ccaac36db90638bfc676605807914e641a9923103491b17e02c2e", "meanings": [ "正面", "完全" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はもろに壁にぶつかった。", "zh": "他正面撞上了墙。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/387f269355", "JMdict ent_seq 1012710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fb9c24cab4c52936ed828e2f9c209c790194a2d633e78866572fe0e559a08387" } }, { "id": "f3d5f7044e", "word": "問", "reading": "もん", "romaji": "mon", "meanings": [ "problem", "question" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf", "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1634040, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は試験で四問目をぬかしてしまった。", "en": "She left out the fourth question on the examination.", "tatoeba_id": 89221 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1993eb15e04c21aeea5e7d06818302e28fe71c913272da24be9522b94cddb971", "meanings": [ "题" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は試験で四問目をぬかしてしまった。", "zh": "她在考试中漏掉了第四题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f3d5f7044e", "JMdict ent_seq 1634040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9dd8528e3a9345829ee8a312033380dd45626feb79c212d3fe61a96b26b51689" } }, { "id": "b8aa9a9501", "word": "矢", "reading": "や", "romaji": "ya", "meanings": [ "arrow" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1537760, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその兵士をねらって矢を放った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{兵士|へいし}をねらって{矢|や}を{放|はな}った。", "en": "He shot an arrow at the soldier.", "tatoeba_id": 112412 }, { "ja": "インディアンは弓と矢で戦った。", "furigana": "インディアンは{弓|ゆみ}と{矢|や}で{戦|たたか}った。", "en": "The Indians fought with bows and arrows.", "tatoeba_id": 228381 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "391bde31b907c7c81b361a952d08ae9bddf5e24af58cd55b8371701e0b286fef", "meanings": [ "箭" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその兵士をねらって矢を放った。", "zh": "他瞄准士兵射箭。" }, { "ja": "インディアンは弓と矢で戦った。", "zh": "美洲原住民用弓箭作战。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b8aa9a9501", "JMdict ent_seq 1537760; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fa0d749d939c8dbe4b5fddb10091c0ed4790dad755eede4a710d6629f908d77c" } }, { "id": "1595a18d12", "word": "野外", "reading": "やがい", "romaji": "yagai", "meanings": [ "fields", "outskirts", "open air", "suburbs" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1537270, "examples": [ { "ja": "天気が良かったので、その野外コンサートは大成功だった。", "furigana": "{天気|てんき}が{良|よ}かったので、その{野外|やがい}コンサートは{大成功|だいせいこう}だった。", "en": "Thanks to the good weather, the outdoor concert was a success.", "tatoeba_id": 125148 }, { "ja": "野外コンサートは嵐のために中止になった。", "furigana": "{野外|やがい}コンサートは{嵐|あらし}のために{中止|ちゅうし}になった。", "en": "The outdoor concert was canceled due to the storm.", "tatoeba_id": 79661 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b22a870d630ae73b28cac6dd4eca7245b10fa6680f7d8068fba89a488bba2ace", "meanings": [ "户外" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "天気が良かったので、その野外コンサートは大成功だった。", "zh": "天气好，那场户外音乐会非常成功。" }, { "ja": "野外コンサートは嵐のために中止になった。", "zh": "户外音乐会因暴风雨取消了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1595a18d12", "JMdict ent_seq 1537270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a08937903ebb16922ccaa96d9d86c06ac8af3c9949c500505fc1f12ab1a8785b" } }, { "id": "250e369af1", "word": "夜具", "reading": "やぐ", "romaji": "yagu", "meanings": [ "bedding" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1536660, "examples": [ { "ja": "母はひろしの夜具をぐいと引き剥がした。", "furigana": "{母|はは}はひろしの{夜具|やぐ}をぐいと{引|ひ}き{剥|は}がした。", "en": "Mother yanked the bedclothes off Hiroshi.", "tatoeba_id": 74961 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "290cc56aed0de1472a2ee9d94ae159bfa6ab6d5cb2728b90f6f5027fda728ce1", "meanings": [ "寝具" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "母はひろしの夜具をぐいと引き剥がした。", "zh": "母亲一把扯掉了宏的被褥。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/250e369af1", "JMdict ent_seq 1536660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "92ef69c8b5af2bc3b2a9aecc68aa195a0d25be7e7d2f8adf1735989507e295e1" } }, { "id": "f97c0391b5", "word": "役職", "reading": "やくしょく", "romaji": "yakushoku", "meanings": [ "post", "managerial position", "official position" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1538040, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は策略で役職から追い出された。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{策略|さくりゃく}で{役職|やくしょく}から{追|お}い{出|だ}された。", "en": "He was maneuvered out of office.", "tatoeba_id": 106735 }, { "ja": "彼には役職がついている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}には{役職|やくしょく}がついている。", "en": "He has a position.", "tatoeba_id": 118736 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "63b9b4521bb0258a96439be0b46671e079efe1010852a825d53c6b205486ce53", "meanings": [ "职位" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は策略で役職から追い出された。", "zh": "他被人用计赶下了职位。" }, { "ja": "彼には役職がついている。", "zh": "他有职位。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f97c0391b5", "JMdict ent_seq 1538040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3839f52dc9b992f0a03ac895ff5e0830b72a676facf74e42c3cfb664eefcf905" } }, { "id": "dc0658901e", "word": "役立つ", "reading": "やくだつ", "romaji": "yakudatsu", "meanings": [ "to be useful", "to be helpful", "to serve the purpose" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5t", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1538090, "examples": [ { "ja": "英語は商業において役立つ。", "furigana": "{英語|えいご}は{商業|しょうぎょう}において{役立|やくだ}つ。", "en": "English is useful in commerce.", "tatoeba_id": 189118 }, { "ja": "一言で言えば彼女は役立たずなのだ。", "furigana": "{一言|ひとこと}で{言|い}えば{彼女|かのじょ}は{役立|やくだ}たずなのだ。", "en": "In a word, she isn't any use.", "tatoeba_id": 190649 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9ba8aec88fffb262341052e48837a002b2ccd84189ac2001f0c97cebae73a24d", "meanings": [ "有用" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "英語は商業において役立つ。", "zh": "英语在商业中有用。" }, { "ja": "一言で言えば彼女は役立たずなのだ。", "zh": "总之，她是个没用的人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dc0658901e", "JMdict ent_seq 1538090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "272b87563ad43b4efdb29cd739b07ec66137659fa5440250640cc5ecb7c47e27" } }, { "id": "da545eed32", "word": "役場", "reading": "やくば", "romaji": "yakuba", "meanings": [ "town hall" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1538030, "examples": [ { "ja": "ここが役場です。", "en": "This is the Town Hall.", "tatoeba_id": 10079803 }, { "ja": "その役場は１８９５年から１８９７年にかけて建てられました。", "en": "The town hall was built between 1895 and 1897.", "tatoeba_id": 10079807 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "000c0f308f5f7d33b2a328021be1e569d69f855f80ebcf3f18f00a91e952e1cd", "meanings": [ "乡镇政府" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ここが役場です。", "zh": "这里是乡镇政府。" }, { "ja": "その役場は１８９５年から１８９７年にかけて建てられました。", "zh": "那座乡镇政府建筑于1895年至1897年间建造。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/da545eed32", "JMdict ent_seq 1538030; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ae300bcb4e3be6abed6d36709a28899504678e603810a879d71360487f267a91" } }, { "id": "957434f95c", "word": "優", "reading": "やさ", "romaji": "yasa", "meanings": [ "gentle", "affectionate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "pref" ], "jmdict_id": 1539020, "examples": [ { "ja": "父は母のことを優しく抱きしめた。", "furigana": "{父|ちち}は{母|はは}のことを{優|やさ}しく{抱|だ}きしめた。", "en": "Father embraced Mother lovingly.", "tatoeba_id": 84373 }, { "ja": "彼は使用人に優しい雇い主だった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{使用人|しようにん}に{優|やさ}しい{雇|やと}い{主|ぬし}だった。", "en": "He was a kind master to his servants.", "tatoeba_id": 106590 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b449647eaf4d75782e9f7110c1e8d9e6a0479e2da40e14d77fa25276fd4ae4da", "meanings": [ "温柔" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "父は母のことを優しく抱きしめた。", "zh": "父亲温柔地拥抱了母亲。" }, { "ja": "彼は使用人に優しい雇い主だった。", "zh": "他是一位对雇员温和的雇主。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/957434f95c", "JMdict ent_seq 1539020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d73c8575e5d6fbb5ce6ed0f2bb699ad248316ec809cc3c5d16ed16369fe3d459" } }, { "id": "50dfb74464", "word": "屋敷", "reading": "やしき", "romaji": "yashiki", "meanings": [ "mansion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1605460, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はいなかの屋敷に住んでいる。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はいなかの{屋敷|やしき}に{住|す}んでいる。", "en": "He lives on his country estate.", "tatoeba_id": 114419 }, { "ja": "彼女は大きな屋敷を持っている。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{大|おお}きな{屋敷|やしき}を{持|も}っている。", "en": "She has a large mansion.", "tatoeba_id": 88042 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0947d1b313905e2fb2f3aa5eb1e7a8d2e76ef3f533eae85fffc053bed02686ea", "meanings": [ "宅邸" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はいなかの屋敷に住んでいる。", "zh": "他住在乡下的宅邸里。" }, { "ja": "彼女は大きな屋敷を持っている。", "zh": "她有一座大宅邸。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/50dfb74464", "JMdict ent_seq 1605460; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0dc4c167cf270d7590835d6058c6c6163326f08dc04f1d5305d40a8d940e625a" } }, { "id": "aab82c800b", "word": "養う", "reading": "やしなう", "romaji": "yashinau", "meanings": [ "to rear", "to maintain", "to cultivate" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5u", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1547090, "examples": [ { "ja": "我々は精神を養わなければならない。", "furigana": "{我々|われわれ}は{精神|せいしん}を{養|やしな}わなければならない。", "en": "We need to nourish our spirit.", "tatoeba_id": 185725 }, { "ja": "彼は養うべき大家族を持っている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{養|やしな}うべき{大家族|だいかぞく}を{持|も}っている。", "en": "He has a large family to support.", "tatoeba_id": 99172 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f68fbe996ed2a3e61da758b3c5fe77f819c748170b71e315f4f659ea3da256e7", "meanings": [ "养育", "培养" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "我々は精神を養わなければならない。", "zh": "我们必须培养精神。" }, { "ja": "彼は養うべき大家族を持っている。", "zh": "他有一大家人要养活。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aab82c800b", "JMdict ent_seq 1547090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0e0d207a9c5153fa6e7a7f8e8d0c3d0e84bdee5ac33ef4dabd7c88f68cbee422" } }, { "id": "12b7d3e1db", "word": "社", "reading": "やしろ", "romaji": "yashiro", "meanings": [ "Shinto shrine" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1322660, "examples": [ { "ja": "この社はジュピターにささげられたものだ。", "furigana": "この{社|やしろ}はジュピターにささげられたものだ。", "en": "This shrine is sacred to Jupiter.", "tatoeba_id": 221436 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3de909a3400fc4d44d022932070c85ea8f69abb77939d126e841f3ba57c0a3e2", "meanings": [ "神社" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この社はジュピターにささげられたものだ。", "zh": "这座神社供奉着朱庇特。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/12b7d3e1db", "JMdict ent_seq 1322660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "75fea3dfe8168279c583ca5145f06e42ce0b2f507d6f1b87075c4035214a6281" } }, { "id": "f44b9e17b3", "word": "野心", "reading": "やしん", "romaji": "yashin", "meanings": [ "ambition", "aspiration", "designs", "treachery" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1537430, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は野心があるために熱心に働いた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{野心|やしん}があるために{熱心|ねっしん}に{働|はたら}いた。", "en": "His ambition made him work hard.", "tatoeba_id": 99418 }, { "ja": "彼は野心的な事業に乗り出した。", "en": "He embarked on an ambitious venture." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4fa8c3a2353c258b19b2dbe716ebc819ecbcb4322aeb6dc7dd0de6a8d52003a8", "meanings": [ "野心" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は野心があるために熱心に働いた。", "zh": "他因为有野心而努力工作。" }, { "ja": "彼は野心的な事業に乗り出した。", "zh": "他投身于自己雄心勃勃的事业。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f44b9e17b3", "JMdict ent_seq 1537430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "192ebd025ce38a25e0ae35fb622b9327da69c622d238eae4e5a6e3b935f7c5fc" } }, { "id": "ee1446d4cb", "word": "易い", "reading": "やすい", "romaji": "yasui", "meanings": [ "easy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1156990, "examples": [ { "ja": "言うは易く行うは難し。", "en": "It's easier said than done.", "tatoeba_id": 1266263 }, { "ja": "彼は人の名前を忘れやすい。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{人|ひと}の{名前|なまえ}を{忘|わす}れやすい。", "en": "He is apt to forget people's name.", "tatoeba_id": 103577 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e40bd650e5ac4fb0b2694b74b2e60b271e5902a5e89e34ae022ec6aea1d2402e", "meanings": [ "容易", "易于" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "言うは易く行うは難し。", "zh": "说起来容易，做起来难。" }, { "ja": "彼は人の名前を忘れやすい。", "zh": "他容易忘记人的名字。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ee1446d4cb", "JMdict ent_seq 1156990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "57d94d985b3122203633f606c4fa2a1761b37f1f88aa2424cf885e849983dab2" } }, { "id": "dfac47f1ac", "word": "安っぽい", "reading": "やすっぽい", "romaji": "yasuppoi", "meanings": [ "cheap-looking", "tawdry", "insignificant" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1153680, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女の服はとても安っぽい生地でできていた。", "en": "Her dress was made of very cheap material.", "tatoeba_id": 93983 }, { "ja": "何でそんな安っぽいペテンにひっかかるんだ。", "furigana": "{何|なん}でそんな{安|やす}っぽいペテンにひっかかるんだ。", "en": "Why do people get fooled by such cheap schemes?", "tatoeba_id": 76302 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ecee8a1e6dc52751d29cbd6c001403eba901c1d43cea854fc48cb54b09a7a8ec", "meanings": [ "廉价的", "俗气" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女の服はとても安っぽい生地でできていた。", "zh": "她的衣服由看起来很廉价的布料制成。" }, { "ja": "何でそんな安っぽいペテンにひっかかるんだ。", "zh": "为什么会中那种低级骗局？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dfac47f1ac", "JMdict ent_seq 1153680; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fdeb2f938302abf070e610cb2ab2390328447de640f8e4a385d1116991d5ac4d" } }, { "id": "49b4e155dc", "word": "休める", "reading": "やすめる", "romaji": "yasumeru", "meanings": [ "to rest", "to suspend", "to give relief" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1227570, "examples": [ { "ja": "この仕事がすんだらたっぷり休める。", "furigana": "この{仕事|しごと}がすんだらたっぷり{休|やす}める。", "en": "I can take a good long rest when this work is finished.", "tatoeba_id": 221845 }, { "ja": "彼女は針仕事の手を休めてお茶を飲んだ。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{針仕事|はりしごと}の{手|て}を{休|やす}めてお{茶|ちゃ}を{飲|の}んだ。", "en": "She stopped sewing and had some tea.", "tatoeba_id": 88471 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fd2bd6f8a280c37e8dec980a860039af37ec39f2dc28c93b5c6d8e6bae22d92e", "meanings": [ "休息", "让休息" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この仕事がすんだらたっぷり休める。", "zh": "这项工作完成后可以好好休息。" }, { "ja": "彼女は針仕事の手を休めてお茶を飲んだ。", "zh": "她停下针线活喝茶。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/49b4e155dc", "JMdict ent_seq 1227570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "db3c51666c0337f5720229876d10a2a92769a9b15aaa8785733290d5c871e75a" } }, { "id": "f3edf29743", "word": "野生", "reading": "やせい", "romaji": "yasei", "meanings": [ "wild" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1537470, "examples": [ { "ja": "野原には野生の花がたくさんある。", "en": "The fields abound in wild flowers.", "tatoeba_id": 79612 }, { "ja": "彼は野生に戻りたいと思っている。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{野生|やせい}に{戻|もど}りたいと{思|おも}っている。", "en": "He wants to go back to the wild.", "tatoeba_id": 99416 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9a8ce660aaccdc77cb824803785c9152dcacd1a4a5d20aa4cbfc44c8e65c1c48", "meanings": [ "野生" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "野原には野生の花がたくさんある。", "zh": "原野上有很多野花。" }, { "ja": "彼は野生に戻りたいと思っている。", "zh": "他想回归自然。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f3edf29743", "JMdict ent_seq 1537470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6b8ae0d0c760a631fda3da2c6a2f6f35e77e9cd5e35708a62d976825dc3eb5cc" } }, { "id": "bd3e76856f", "word": "矢鱈に", "reading": "やたらに", "romaji": "yatarani", "meanings": [ "randomly", "recklessly", "blindly" ], "level": "N1", "examples": [ { "ja": "やたらにボタンを押さないでください。", "en": "Please do not press buttons indiscriminately." }, { "ja": "彼はやたらに質問した。", "en": "He asked questions excessively." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c99cbcbddf8aca75f2ebfb7a439189d0da5207a63d752162c58ed196dcc10a63", "meanings": [ "胡乱", "过分" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "やたらにボタンを押さないでください。", "zh": "不要随便按按钮。" }, { "ja": "彼はやたらに質問した。", "zh": "他不停地乱问问题。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bd3e76856f", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "72c04291f2f237b63d21f225b5cce20c45ae476243d1ad46e773c6f30b868020" } }, { "id": "d6c56bc73f", "word": "夜中", "reading": "やちゅう", "romaji": "yachuu", "meanings": [ "all night", "the whole night" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1584830, "examples": [ { "ja": "その晩と次の日とその夜中ずっと地下室で過ごしたのよ。", "en": "We spent all of that night, the next day, and the next night in the cellar.", "tatoeba_id": 207160 }, { "ja": "町の灯りはとても明るくとてもちかくなっていて通りの灯かりは夜中輝いています。", "en": "Now the lights of the city were bright and very close, and the streetlights shone all night.", "tatoeba_id": 126120 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7361f8ec4419220cb4b3558a7f7f49daf9074d0b0526d54068755c46d0af8ee9", "meanings": [ "夜间" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その晩と次の日とその夜中ずっと地下室で過ごしたのよ。", "zh": "那晚、第二天和那个夜里，我一直待在地下室。" }, { "ja": "町の灯りはとても明るくとてもちかくなっていて通りの灯かりは夜中輝いています。", "zh": "城里的灯光非常明亮、近得多，街灯整夜闪亮。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d6c56bc73f", "JMdict ent_seq 1584830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6222887dbe89c8fb803aad6f178fb73ebd3bcf4ccf9ad0c575d20c6c56104134" } }, { "id": "f3203359ee", "word": "奴", "reading": "やっこ", "romaji": "yakko", "meanings": [ "servant", "fellow" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1445630, "examples": [ { "ja": "奴が武士の後について歩いた。", "en": "A samurai attendant followed the warrior." }, { "ja": "彼は家臣の中で奴を務めた。", "en": "He served as an attendant among the retainers." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4757d461a33007292b8680fe215534e05c5f5bab7fcdd0a075b957b2a9b007f6", "meanings": [ "仆从", "奴才" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "奴が武士の後について歩いた。", "zh": "随从跟着武士走。" }, { "ja": "彼は家臣の中で奴を務めた。", "zh": "他在家臣中担任随从。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f3203359ee", "JMdict ent_seq 1445630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "17c1400fb8bde1dd75b8bcf21187db2211bae1d8e53f52af73bf4d12827efd68" } }, { "id": "7f32303a71", "word": "野党", "reading": "やとう", "romaji": "yatou", "meanings": [ "opposition party" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1537580, "examples": [ { "ja": "与党は野党非難のキャンペーンを展開しています。", "en": "The ruling party is running a smear campaign against the opposition.", "tatoeba_id": 78930 }, { "ja": "政府の政策は野党から非難された。", "furigana": "{政府|せいふ}の{政策|せいさく}は{野党|やとう}から{非難|ひなん}された。", "en": "The policy of the government was criticized by the opposition party.", "tatoeba_id": 143147 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4cdc8dac1e2c70c215f523d488dd432e386f2feb309e6d09fe3217845be38976", "meanings": [ "在野党" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "与党は野党非難のキャンペーンを展開しています。", "zh": "执政党正在展开批评在野党的运动。" }, { "ja": "政府の政策は野党から非難された。", "zh": "政府政策遭到了在野党的批评。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7f32303a71", "JMdict ent_seq 1537580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bd6210efd8c13d49bbe27dfda674f0cf4e1c9c3f7eb88e62632014c27ec344e6" } }, { "id": "f95cf14304", "word": "病", "reading": "やまい", "romaji": "yamai", "meanings": [ "illness", "disease" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1490160, "examples": [ { "ja": "ジョンのおばあさんは長い間病に伏せていたが、亡くなった。", "en": "John's grandmother passed away after a long illness.", "tatoeba_id": 215459 }, { "ja": "これらの感染病はミルクの汚染が原因だった。", "furigana": "これらの{感染|かんせん}{病|やまい}はミルクの{汚染|おせん}が{原因|げんいん}だった。", "en": "These infections were caused by contaminated milk.", "tatoeba_id": 217937 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5b97504fe0f73a412c2963e0f2735489c731561917c89bb529b76d5a9367cba6", "meanings": [ "疾病" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ジョンのおばあさんは長い間病に伏せていたが、亡くなった。", "zh": "约翰的祖母长期卧病在床，后来去世了。" }, { "ja": "これらの感染病はミルクの汚染が原因だった。", "zh": "这些传染病是牛奶污染造成的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f95cf14304", "JMdict ent_seq 1490160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3de9243e20761eccd12cde1e73421a8fc5d4be45b20fe7363922607d1ad97972" } }, { "id": "d7a2fbbfc9", "word": "闇", "reading": "やみ", "romaji": "yami", "meanings": [ "darkness", "the dark", "black-marketeering", "dark", "shady", "illegal" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1154910, "examples": [ { "ja": "闇とは光がないことです。", "furigana": "{闇|やみ}とは{光|ひかり}がないことです。", "en": "Darkness is the absence of light.", "tatoeba_id": 191233 }, { "ja": "彼女は闇にまぎれて逃げとおせた。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{闇|やみ}にまぎれて{逃|に}げとおせた。", "en": "She managed to run away under cover of darkness.", "tatoeba_id": 91216 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "785b210d0696fb418fc1d10f4c890d906edb5bae132f55ae757fa480bdc6decc", "meanings": [ "黑暗", "非法" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "闇とは光がないことです。", "zh": "黑暗是没有光。" }, { "ja": "彼女は闇にまぎれて逃げとおせた。", "zh": "她趁着黑暗逃走了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d7a2fbbfc9", "JMdict ent_seq 1154910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e65acd14c2835c806ae1af3dcdb2e14f7d971085f2f210237b6295b6c03041bb" } }, { "id": "1abdb69949", "word": "病む", "reading": "やむ", "romaji": "yamu", "meanings": [ "to fall ill", "to be ill" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1490210, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は痛風を病んでいる。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{痛風|つうふう}を{病|や}んでいる。", "en": "She is affected with the gout.", "tatoeba_id": 87827 }, { "ja": "実を言うと、その未亡人は胃ガンを病んでいた。", "en": "To tell the truth, the widow suffered from stomach cancer.", "tatoeba_id": 149415 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0667e1bc60c6abfafa2a2fd47c5f7c41175b84db194830e1d4d9229221c0a836", "meanings": [ "患病", "烦恼" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は痛風を病んでいる。", "zh": "她患有痛风。" }, { "ja": "実を言うと、その未亡人は胃ガンを病んでいた。", "zh": "说实话，那位寡妇患了胃癌。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1abdb69949", "JMdict ent_seq 1490210; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "545519b2a816ee616409fe300fd7539972838bd544d07856b397d6c97a96550f" } }, { "id": "7e3f27dbb0", "word": "ややこしい", "reading": "ややこしい", "romaji": "yayakoshii", "meanings": [ "puzzling", "tangled", "complicated", "complex" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1012870, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの５人の関係は、ややこしい。", "en": "The relationships among those five people are complicated.", "tatoeba_id": 231377 }, { "ja": "やっとややこしい迷路の外に出られた。", "furigana": "やっとややこしい{迷路|めいろ}の{外|そと}に{出|で}られた。", "en": "I finally found my way out of the confusing maze.", "tatoeba_id": 193077 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d856f03639cc5ac5672a9c1e18d6b5453692f439c2478b0601cfa013363fb52e", "meanings": [ "复杂", "麻烦" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの５人の関係は、ややこしい。", "zh": "那五个人的关系很复杂。" }, { "ja": "やっとややこしい迷路の外に出られた。", "zh": "终于走出了复杂的迷宫。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7e3f27dbb0", "JMdict ent_seq 1012870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a06a72e430455cac19aabd8f1aab77b1d15e438f8a6cc05c182b7e34552d67aa" } }, { "id": "720c79d386", "word": "遣り通す", "reading": "やりとおす", "romaji": "yaritoosu", "meanings": [ "to carry through", "to achieve", "to complete" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s" ], "jmdict_id": 1260440, "examples": [ { "ja": "君は計画を遣り通さなければならない。", "furigana": "{君|きみ}は{計画|けいかく}を{遣|や}り{通|とお}さなければならない。", "en": "You must go through with your plan.", "tatoeba_id": 177334 }, { "ja": "私はその仕事をやりとおします。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}はその{仕事|しごと}をやりとおします。", "en": "I will go through that trouble again.", "tatoeba_id": 160149 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "56ee34660ea2eaff95160263982cf721bd5523faa5858f7a2219026338588eba", "meanings": [ "贯彻", "坚持到底" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "君は計画を遣り通さなければならない。", "zh": "你必须贯彻计划。" }, { "ja": "私はその仕事をやりとおします。", "zh": "我会把那份工作做到底。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/720c79d386", "JMdict ent_seq 1260440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "571f1782bf2da21eeeb0b0d1daa3478e3ecabc4eeab6993fd9e92ca260a80e55" } }, { "id": "8ae69b26ca", "word": "やり遂げる", "reading": "やりとげる", "romaji": "yaritogeru", "meanings": [ "to accomplish" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1260430, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は、その仕事をやり遂げるでしょう。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は、その{仕事|しごと}をやり{遂|と}げるでしょう。", "en": "I will carry through the work.", "tatoeba_id": 162343 }, { "ja": "彼はついにその仕事をやり遂げた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はついにその{仕事|しごと}をやり{遂|と}げた。", "en": "He finally accomplished the work.", "tatoeba_id": 111908 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0ed995fd24f7c6bafa6a86e06bc01f97772ad82bb170c882c2298ad2c4772418", "meanings": [ "完成" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は、その仕事をやり遂げるでしょう。", "zh": "我会完成那项工作。" }, { "ja": "彼はついにその仕事をやり遂げた。", "zh": "他终于完成了那项工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8ae69b26ca", "JMdict ent_seq 1260430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7457a872a0ac87d2ec92528706845fbdd74084b01ffa681b1ee8edecbdb58517" } }, { "id": "c2e0607746", "word": "和らげる", "reading": "やわらげる", "romaji": "yawarageru", "meanings": [ "to soften", "to moderate", "to relieve" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1561960, "examples": [ { "ja": "その薬は彼の苦痛を和らげた。", "furigana": "その{薬|くすり}は{彼|かれ}の{苦痛|くつう}を{和|やわ}らげた。", "en": "The medicine decreased his pain.", "tatoeba_id": 206297 }, { "ja": "ポーシャは正義を慈悲で和らげた。", "furigana": "ポーシャは{正義|せいぎ}を{慈悲|じひ}で{和|やわ}らげた。", "en": "Portia tempered justice with mercy.", "tatoeba_id": 196564 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a56f6335191fea395daa56694e2f170f7b3234dac076c71343cb5c3762acec71", "meanings": [ "缓和", "减轻" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その薬は彼の苦痛を和らげた。", "zh": "那种药减轻了他的痛苦。" }, { "ja": "ポーシャは正義を慈悲で和らげた。", "zh": "鲍西娅用慈悲缓和了正义。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c2e0607746", "JMdict ent_seq 1561960; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7a13de48385c03c83da35d007d5048b0f8262fce6750f9ab7b978392b3619854" } }, { "id": "5cfbe1ca69", "word": "ヤング", "reading": "ヤング", "romaji": "yangu", "meanings": [ "young" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1136400, "examples": [ { "ja": "この番組はヤング向けだ。", "en": "This program is aimed at young people." }, { "ja": "その店はヤングに人気がある。", "en": "The shop is popular with young people." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c0d2ab0a5617c15341d3825ea0d76a549271dc7bdf85c5529bb0831cecd6b1bd", "meanings": [ "年轻人", "年轻" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この番組はヤング向けだ。", "zh": "这个节目面向年轻人。" }, { "ja": "その店はヤングに人気がある。", "zh": "那家店很受年轻人欢迎。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5cfbe1ca69", "JMdict ent_seq 1136400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "71b8856ad59948aee201c98b1017d2fad3f5f5ef1f87e80290ecbbb45582af8b" } }, { "id": "5faae23d3b", "word": "優位", "reading": "ゆうい", "romaji": "yuui", "meanings": [ "predominance", "ascendancy", "superiority" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1539100, "examples": [ { "ja": "広告に関してはコークの方が優位にたっている。", "en": "When it comes to advertising, Coke is ahead of the game.", "tatoeba_id": 173627 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f05acc9bf2c00a08850775ea8aeb1b415791964edc0590b1774c9338d6b2473e", "meanings": [ "优势" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "広告に関してはコークの方が優位にたっている。", "zh": "在广告方面可口可乐占优势。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5faae23d3b", "JMdict ent_seq 1539100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ee5632de2963d039ac1c385ba55877ef6bed25020ebf4d449e0c3d838811e5e5" } }, { "id": "9332d2b39b", "word": "憂鬱", "reading": "ゆううつ", "romaji": "yuuutsu", "meanings": [ "depression", "melancholy", "dejection", "gloom" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1605640, "examples": [ { "ja": "雨が降ると彼女は憂鬱になる。", "furigana": "{雨|あめ}が{降|ふ}ると{彼女|かのじょ}は{憂鬱|ゆううつ}になる。", "en": "When it rains, she feels blue.", "tatoeba_id": 189705 }, { "ja": "彼は憂うつな感情に打ちのめされた。", "en": "He was overcome by a feeling of melancholy.", "tatoeba_id": 99272 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8e0c71997ab110315b74bf72a026b34534c00526f39501943d345b28861ddc77", "meanings": [ "忧郁" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "雨が降ると彼女は憂鬱になる。", "zh": "一下雨她就忧郁。" }, { "ja": "彼は憂うつな感情に打ちのめされた。", "zh": "他被忧郁情绪击垮。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9332d2b39b", "JMdict ent_seq 1605640; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "98307413bff1834c12483cd9e90264de28617b23ff5e94cbe9959c3ec79c8929" } }, { "id": "a3b8e30808", "word": "有益", "reading": "ゆうえき", "romaji": "yuueki", "meanings": [ "beneficial", "profitable" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1541120, "examples": [ { "ja": "私にはとても有益だった。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}にはとても{有益|ゆうえき}だった。", "en": "It was of great benefit to me.", "tatoeba_id": 164663 }, { "ja": "ミミズも時には土壌に有益です。", "furigana": "ミミズも{時|とき}には{土壌|どじょう}に{有益|ゆうえき}です。", "en": "Worms are sometimes beneficial to soil.", "tatoeba_id": 195060 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "497d2e98f82a41038bc6c3cccaa911263237c38fdc76c3b46ca81d1d0f3d7f9d", "meanings": [ "有益" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私にはとても有益だった。", "zh": "对我非常有益。" }, { "ja": "ミミズも時には土壌に有益です。", "zh": "蚯蚓有时也对土壤有益。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a3b8e30808", "JMdict ent_seq 1541120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a8a28deef87de64a51781fe073553da8f108cb85b9be11fcd546401c451500c0" } }, { "id": "1cd603aec5", "word": "優越", "reading": "ゆうえつ", "romaji": "yuuetsu", "meanings": [ "supremacy", "predominance", "being superior to" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1539120, "examples": [ { "ja": "憲法の規定に従い衆院の議決が参院に優越する。", "furigana": "{憲法|けんぽう}の{規定|きてい}に{従|したが}い{衆院|しゅういん}の{議決|ぎけつ}が{参院|さんいん}に{優越|ゆうえつ}する。", "en": "Under the Constitution, the lower chamber's resolutions override those of the upper chamber.", "tatoeba_id": 76200 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d40bd113e9e59e2ce0a16df897c5036dda0610ebf4cb595e4d56c940e91378e5", "meanings": [ "优越", "优先" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "憲法の規定に従い衆院の議決が参院に優越する。", "zh": "根据宪法规定，众议院的决议优于参议院。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1cd603aec5", "JMdict ent_seq 1539120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "04ddba9b0f770840368af251de78a0bb6aec5c3ac9af3c0eb9f956638b193894" } }, { "id": "9bfec07e36", "word": "勇敢", "reading": "ゆうかん", "romaji": "yuukan", "meanings": [ "bravery", "heroism", "gallantry" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1539730, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は勇敢でかいかつな少年だ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{勇敢|ゆうかん}でかいかつな{少年|しょうねん}だ。", "en": "He is a brave and cheerful boy.", "tatoeba_id": 99351 }, { "ja": "彼女は子供だったが勇敢であった。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{子供|こども}だったが{勇敢|ゆうかん}であった。", "en": "Child as she was, she was brave.", "tatoeba_id": 89751 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b4310491b5b0ff136f314156833d847aecb5ca21c027fc789aee3280e697ab3c", "meanings": [ "勇敢" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は勇敢でかいかつな少年だ。", "zh": "他是个勇敢开朗的男孩。" }, { "ja": "彼女は子供だったが勇敢であった。", "zh": "她虽然是孩子，却很勇敢。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9bfec07e36", "JMdict ent_seq 1539730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "217d30df6cdebdabf3a2c66a0f6348aeecde05cf653988344d887f3332ee9a31" } }, { "id": "4d88022d0e", "word": "有機", "reading": "ゆうき", "romaji": "yuuki", "meanings": [ "organic" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-f" ], "jmdict_id": 1541180, "examples": [ { "ja": "有機キウイです。どうぞご自由にお採り下さい。", "en": "Organic kiwi fruit. Feel free to help yourself.", "tatoeba_id": 3358045 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a95fe00e3fd3b8049aacbc6d6cb42cea604b20c961f8132ebb7169feefb60348", "meanings": [ "有机" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "有機キウイです。どうぞご自由にお採り下さい。", "zh": "这是有机猕猴桃，请随意采摘。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4d88022d0e", "JMdict ent_seq 1541180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cd715ad00f1dc66a404e5846d61da7927953fe8737d3caaff1bae338e619a93a" } }, { "id": "ae14eee163", "word": "夕暮れ", "reading": "ゆうぐれ", "romaji": "yuugure", "meanings": [ "evening", "(evening) twilight" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1542770, "examples": [ { "ja": "その校舎は夕暮れの中にきらきらと輝いていた。", "furigana": "その{校舎|こうしゃ}は{夕暮|ゆうぐ}れの{中|なか}にきらきらと{輝|かがや}いていた。", "en": "The school building was a blaze of light in the evening darkness.", "tatoeba_id": 210720 }, { "ja": "夕暮れが谷間に迫っていた。", "furigana": "{夕暮|ゆうぐ}れが{谷間|たにま}に{迫|せま}っていた。", "en": "Evening was closing in on the valley.", "tatoeba_id": 79057 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b86cebe0dd59733ecba4735306b593ac145424288f848bda7e9b8b35dd202144", "meanings": [ "黄昏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その校舎は夕暮れの中にきらきらと輝いていた。", "zh": "那座校舍在黄昏中闪闪发亮。" }, { "ja": "夕暮れが谷間に迫っていた。", "zh": "暮色正笼罩山谷。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ae14eee163", "JMdict ent_seq 1542770; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4b192710e97d8e49b3d12c1d8b8031ea5b0b888a964f441e9aa23770315b1ab2" } }, { "id": "24ed1f170c", "word": "融資", "reading": "ゆうし", "romaji": "yuushi", "meanings": [ "financing", "loan" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1542600, "examples": [ { "ja": "銀行はその会社に融資をした。", "furigana": "{銀行|ぎんこう}はその{会社|かいしゃ}に{融資|ゆうし}をした。", "en": "The bank accommodated the company with a loan.", "tatoeba_id": 179573 }, { "ja": "彼らは借入金が多すぎて、中小企業向け融資を受けられない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らは{借入金|かりいれきん}が{多|おお}すぎて、{中小企業|ちゅうしょうきぎょう}{向|む}け{融資|ゆうし}を{受|う}けられない。", "en": "They are too far in debt to get the small business loan.", "tatoeba_id": 96889 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8019346f5e5c85265f21e436bd6286e24e6ece61b8940108d0cddb8e62a456db", "meanings": [ "融资", "贷款" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "銀行はその会社に融資をした。", "zh": "银行向那家公司提供了贷款。" }, { "ja": "彼らは借入金が多すぎて、中小企業向け融資を受けられない。", "zh": "他们借款过多，无法获得中小企业贷款。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/24ed1f170c", "JMdict ent_seq 1542600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "98ac3d2b6591c7f6b57d09b5c56e5de55994594d5a52214476c89b1510d966e8" } }, { "id": "929201b027", "word": "融通", "reading": "ゆうずう", "romaji": "yuuzuu", "meanings": [ "lending (money)", "accommodation", "adaptability", "versatility", "finance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1584900, "examples": [ { "ja": "石油を２、３リッターばかり融通してもらえますか。", "furigana": "{石油|せきゆ}を２、３リッターばかり{融通|ゆうずう}してもらえますか。", "en": "Can you spare me a few liters of petrol?", "tatoeba_id": 142310 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8b33eddd00278357ad95745514aa83d27749f6144706d7580c596ced295b5663", "meanings": [ "通融", "调剂" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "石油を２、３リッターばかり融通してもらえますか。", "zh": "能给我调剂两三升石油吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/929201b027", "JMdict ent_seq 1584900; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9b68455f9aeed5fe8c9d4d63c18ca657bf30479f6aa562255343e5db02e2d6b5" } }, { "id": "08f7ce07ce", "word": "有する", "reading": "ゆうする", "romaji": "yuusuru", "meanings": [ "to own", "to be endowed with" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vs-s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1540950, "examples": [ { "ja": "偉大な天才は最短の伝記を有する。", "en": "Great geniuses have the shortest biographies.", "tatoeba_id": 191129 }, { "ja": "すべての人は対等の権利を有する。", "furigana": "すべての{人|ひと}は{対等|たいとう}の{権利|けんり}を{有|ゆう}する。", "en": "All men have equal rights.", "tatoeba_id": 214431 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1b29c858be274e7735c812a13550b7782726cb06cd4e6ac5b8ff454f03da1492", "meanings": [ "拥有" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "偉大な天才は最短の伝記を有する。", "zh": "伟大的天才有最简短的传记。" }, { "ja": "すべての人は対等の権利を有する。", "zh": "所有人都享有平等权利。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/08f7ce07ce", "JMdict ent_seq 1540950; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8799d2697dc9adf72e0fc4f664b2a684937c3b091b502b463508d740e0ba5fc5" } }, { "id": "863a435217", "word": "優勢", "reading": "ゆうせい", "romaji": "yuusei", "meanings": [ "superiority", "superior power", "predominance", "preponderance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1539340, "examples": [ { "ja": "人類は地球上で最も優勢である。", "furigana": "{人類|じんるい}は{地球上|ちきゅうじょう}で{最|もっと}も{優勢|ゆうせい}である。", "en": "The human race is dominant on earth.", "tatoeba_id": 143907 }, { "ja": "彼は相手より少し優勢だった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{相手|あいて}より{少|すこ}し{優勢|ゆうせい}だった。", "en": "He had a slight edge on his opponent.", "tatoeba_id": 102844 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e938c20a37aea8e9aaf5b4f8303e95f820a83cd8715c2be82f839bd25f4e8dbb", "meanings": [ "优势" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人類は地球上で最も優勢である。", "zh": "人类在地球上最占优势。" }, { "ja": "彼は相手より少し優勢だった。", "zh": "他比对手略占优势。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/863a435217", "JMdict ent_seq 1539340; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fd759f1c57de5afd7da149087a2dd45b21b88c2b831fae44c8fe9505f0ed4160" } }, { "id": "c3a437cd2e", "word": "優先", "reading": "ゆうせん", "romaji": "yuusen", "meanings": [ "preference", "priority" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1539390, "examples": [ { "ja": "この任務はすべての任務に優先する。", "furigana": "この{任務|にんむ}はすべての{任務|にんむ}に{優先|ゆうせん}する。", "en": "This duty has priority over all others.", "tatoeba_id": 220224 }, { "ja": "消防車はほかの乗り物に優先する。", "furigana": "{消防車|しょうぼうしゃ}はほかの{乗|の}り{物|もの}に{優先|ゆうせん}する。", "en": "Fire engines have priority over other vehicles.", "tatoeba_id": 146392 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4cb6e7058f7ea06ea8b76e44ac509f540a7c002b5022e916a66e4f0df76c7dc2", "meanings": [ "优先" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この任務はすべての任務に優先する。", "zh": "这项任务优先于所有其他任务。" }, { "ja": "消防車はほかの乗り物に優先する。", "zh": "消防车有优先通行权。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c3a437cd2e", "JMdict ent_seq 1539390; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "47bdad4b5fa1bb5d10dedb6998a9ebd6ea008f5f70a38c3bf8c114f25dd9833d" } }, { "id": "6f6756c48e", "word": "誘導", "reading": "ゆうどう", "romaji": "yuudou", "meanings": [ "guidance", "leading", "induction", "introduction", "incitement", "inducement" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1542020, "examples": [ { "ja": "水先案内人は船を港に誘導する。", "en": "A pilot guides the ship toward the port.", "tatoeba_id": 143669 }, { "ja": "ジェット機は管制塔からの誘導で着陸した。", "furigana": "ジェット{機|き}は{管制塔|かんせいとう}からの{誘導|ゆうどう}で{着陸|ちゃくりく}した。", "en": "The jet plane landed following the instructions of the control tower.", "tatoeba_id": 216395 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "44906dda71e2049220260bce330c70274520d712aea15f21f3a5fa3755a7b695", "meanings": [ "引导" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "水先案内人は船を港に誘導する。", "zh": "领航员引导船只进入港口。" }, { "ja": "ジェット機は管制塔からの誘導で着陸した。", "zh": "喷气式飞机在塔台引导下着陆。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6f6756c48e", "JMdict ent_seq 1542020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "eaf23271903f785f5cf516fc1c626ce79b59424fb458fab10f46904636e7def8" } }, { "id": "9dd17b71a5", "word": "優美", "reading": "ゆうび", "romaji": "yuubi", "meanings": [ "grace", "refinement", "elegance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1539560, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は私たちみんな驚かせるほど優美に踊った。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{私|わたし}たちみんな{驚|おどろ}かせるほど{優美|ゆうび}に{踊|おど}った。", "en": "She danced with a grace that surprised us all.", "tatoeba_id": 89615 }, { "ja": "彼女の動作はすべて優美だった。", "en": "All her motions were graceful.", "tatoeba_id": 94105 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1c1e26a1008c61cd60b77aa23aaf23de01c97980016c8cc2cdf5a7f12b7c309b", "meanings": [ "优美" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は私たちみんな驚かせるほど優美に踊った。", "zh": "她舞姿优美，让我们所有人都惊叹。" }, { "ja": "彼女の動作はすべて優美だった。", "zh": "她的每个动作都很优美。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9dd17b71a5", "JMdict ent_seq 1539560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "dff839953f673c37d1f55064c44154c850f7ccbe2085fbd6ee11bb03fa9c7842" } }, { "id": "cf54ac0087", "word": "有望", "reading": "ゆうぼう", "romaji": "yuubou", "meanings": [ "good prospects", "full of hope", "promising" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1541600, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は有望な仕事に就いている。", "en": "She has a job with good prospects.", "tatoeba_id": 86417 }, { "ja": "若い時、彼はおおいに有望だった。", "furigana": "{若|わか}い{時|とき}、{彼|かれ}はおおいに{有望|ゆうぼう}だった。", "en": "In his youth, he had shown great promise.", "tatoeba_id": 148822 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7ce0683ad2c1cccd7b0480c68b374435506bff8388a3e7c495671bb990472dbc", "meanings": [ "有前途" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は有望な仕事に就いている。", "zh": "她从事一份有前途的工作。" }, { "ja": "若い時、彼はおおいに有望だった。", "zh": "他年轻时大有前途。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cf54ac0087", "JMdict ent_seq 1541600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "377433ab7b5dc0d1489461ab3861f9d55fd3ba989dc7a3d9ae7685a2c8704548" } }, { "id": "599056196d", "word": "遊牧", "reading": "ゆうぼく", "romaji": "yuuboku", "meanings": [ "nomadism" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1542310, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは遊牧をして暮らす。", "en": "They live by nomadic herding." }, { "ja": "この民族には遊牧の歴史がある。", "en": "This people have a history of nomadic herding." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "295a4572c3837c444f558bbcacb8b4128c75ec7395bee6e1780b5baa79262ea0", "meanings": [ "游牧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼らは遊牧をして暮らす。", "zh": "他们以游牧为生。" }, { "ja": "この民族には遊牧の歴史がある。", "zh": "这个民族有游牧的历史。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/599056196d", "JMdict ent_seq 1542310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ff909c13fa11c35aa6faf7bb160a0b5dc61f20a7e0d314ffcf8718a3342d9fd7" } }, { "id": "911636ba99", "word": "夕焼け", "reading": "ゆうやけ", "romaji": "yuuyake", "meanings": [ "sunset" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1542720, "examples": [ { "ja": "真っ赤な夕焼けは明日の晴天を告げた。", "en": "The deep red of the setting sun portended fine weather.", "tatoeba_id": 145006 }, { "ja": "山は夕焼け色で燃えるようだった。", "furigana": "{山|やま}は{夕焼|ゆうや}け{色|いろ}で{燃|も}えるようだった。", "en": "The mountain glowed with the sunset tints.", "tatoeba_id": 169406 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fd28dff901330ae700a19c240895601d91c23f32a6eb9dd00ae2b4b6da9c8811", "meanings": [ "晚霞" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "真っ赤な夕焼けは明日の晴天を告げた。", "zh": "鲜红的晚霞预示明天是晴天。" }, { "ja": "山は夕焼け色で燃えるようだった。", "zh": "山被晚霞映得像燃烧一样。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/911636ba99", "JMdict ent_seq 1542720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b3d938876c8c92a358337ed2455ed4f5beccb707c09b04f106c4e23008181609" } }, { "id": "ce08ad9623", "word": "有力", "reading": "ゆうりょく", "romaji": "yuuryoku", "meanings": [ "influence", "prominence", "potent" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1541710, "examples": [ { "ja": "コカ・コーラは清涼飲料水ではいつも最有力会社だ。", "en": "Coke has always been the top dog when it comes to soft drinks.", "tatoeba_id": 224837 }, { "ja": "彼は出版業界に有力なコネがある。", "en": "He has powerful connections in the publishing industry.", "tatoeba_id": 104282 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "66dbae16c2ed448ea4c77c0ebfa2cf4b19f58104b490d4e9268755e5850de4c4", "meanings": [ "有力", "有影响力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "コカ・コーラは清涼飲料水ではいつも最有力会社だ。", "zh": "可口可乐一直是软饮料行业最有实力的公司。" }, { "ja": "彼は出版業界に有力なコネがある。", "zh": "他在出版界有很有力的人脉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ce08ad9623", "JMdict ent_seq 1541710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f51a3986b185fc72c804da40486414674b5a46b1a9805bd017df7d2d20cae585" } }, { "id": "6a42957468", "word": "幽霊", "reading": "ゆうれい", "romaji": "yuurei", "meanings": [ "ghost", "specter", "apparition", "phantom" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1540590, "examples": [ { "ja": "その家には幽霊が出るといわれる。", "furigana": "その{家|いえ}には{幽霊|ゆうれい}が{出|で}るといわれる。", "en": "The house is said to be haunted.", "tatoeba_id": 212127 }, { "ja": "幽霊の存在を信じている人もいる。", "furigana": "{幽霊|ゆうれい}の{存在|そんざい}を{信|しん}じている{人|ひと}もいる。", "en": "Some people believe in ghosts.", "tatoeba_id": 79277 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "40cebcc974af3b72bcc3d94852135f33943224203807046d4970605c21ad7e37", "meanings": [ "幽灵" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その家には幽霊が出るといわれる。", "zh": "据说那座房子闹鬼。" }, { "ja": "幽霊の存在を信じている人もいる。", "zh": "有些人相信幽灵存在。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6a42957468", "JMdict ent_seq 1540590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "81d692d5251d330f9a701b4075ba09a2bfa1f157855031e9613b0f20d383e5db" } }, { "id": "ed498ffde0", "word": "誘惑", "reading": "ゆうわく", "romaji": "yuuwaku", "meanings": [ "temptation", "allurement", "lure" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1542040, "examples": [ { "ja": "どんな誘惑にも負けるな。", "furigana": "どんな{誘惑|ゆうわく}にも{負|ま}けるな。", "en": "Don't yield to any temptation.", "tatoeba_id": 199368 }, { "ja": "彼女は色仕掛けで男を誘惑する。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{色仕掛|いろじか}けで{男|おとこ}を{誘惑|ゆうわく}する。", "en": "She knows how to use her good looks to get what she wants out of men.", "tatoeba_id": 88617 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9e6fddb98da9ffc64938bd6cca9551235c8416c9062dc15cdf53ef23181298d1", "meanings": [ "诱惑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "どんな誘惑にも負けるな。", "zh": "不要屈服于任何诱惑。" }, { "ja": "彼女は色仕掛けで男を誘惑する。", "zh": "她用美色诱惑男人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ed498ffde0", "JMdict ent_seq 1542040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e77c5205d24036a07e1f369836e72d738360fb626739283afdbddf022d6b9626" } }, { "id": "46b8b4d1cc", "word": "歪む", "reading": "ゆがむ", "romaji": "yugamu", "meanings": [ "to warp", "to swerve", "to deflect", "to be crooked", "to be distorted", "to be bent", "to incline", "to slant", "to be perverted" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1585360, "other_readings": [ "いがむ" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "苦痛で彼の顔が歪んでいる。", "furigana": "{苦痛|くつう}で{彼|かれ}の{顔|かお}が{歪|ゆが}んでいる。", "en": "His face is distorted by pain.", "tatoeba_id": 179525 }, { "ja": "彼の顔は苦痛でいがんだ。", "en": "His face was twisted with pain.", "tatoeba_id": 117839 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e81c6e7fe960661097bd45036f9e680a9c04722446d569fc401c19b78d242cc1", "meanings": [ "歪曲", "扭曲" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "苦痛で彼の顔が歪んでいる。", "zh": "他的脸因痛苦而扭曲。" }, { "ja": "彼の顔は苦痛でいがんだ。", "zh": "他的脸因痛苦而扭曲。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/46b8b4d1cc", "JMdict ent_seq 1585360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7b5139787d95cac9667c45ae1c3a72375adf6f0053d6adbd205ff43898b1b28a" } }, { "id": "e7fd16d05d", "word": "揺さぶる", "reading": "ゆさぶる", "romaji": "yusaburu", "meanings": [ "to shake", "to jolt", "to rock", "to swing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1545600, "examples": [ { "ja": "強い円が経済を揺さぶっている。", "furigana": "{強|つよ}い{円|えん}が{経済|けいざい}を{揺|ゆ}さぶっている。", "en": "A strong yen is shaking the economy.", "tatoeba_id": 180541 }, { "ja": "地震が突然、建物をゆさぶった。", "furigana": "{地震|じしん}が{突然|とつぜん}、{建物|たてもの}をゆさぶった。", "en": "The earthquake suddenly shook the buildings.", "tatoeba_id": 126902 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1dfffd20fc6bc77012fe0a55866c24044b08ff54f2b8cce4c4f173cfdf742195", "meanings": [ "摇晃", "震动" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "強い円が経済を揺さぶっている。", "zh": "强势日元震动着经济。" }, { "ja": "地震が突然、建物をゆさぶった。", "zh": "地震突然摇晃了建筑物。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e7fd16d05d", "JMdict ent_seq 1545600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8f65a0859ab78f78cf40e95c04e68a0ff04bf05e38e4e1d08e215ce5b5fbc271" } }, { "id": "8db345d3da", "word": "ゆとり", "reading": "ゆとり", "romaji": "yutori", "meanings": [ "reserve", "affluence", "room", "time (to spare)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-f" ], "jmdict_id": 1013070, "examples": [ { "ja": "私には新車を買うゆとりは無い。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}には{新車|しんしゃ}を{買|か}うゆとりは{無|な}い。", "en": "I can't afford a new car.", "tatoeba_id": 155717 }, { "ja": "もっとゆとりのある教育が必要だ。", "furigana": "もっとゆとりのある{教育|きょういく}が{必要|ひつよう}だ。", "en": "The education system needs to be more flexible.", "tatoeba_id": 193318 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bba71ad79bba5b91493920b6ea21745aa52ac1b5b7ec0dbbc5feec2640d3573a", "meanings": [ "余裕", "宽裕" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私には新車を買うゆとりは無い。", "zh": "我没有余钱买新车。" }, { "ja": "もっとゆとりのある教育が必要だ。", "zh": "需要更宽松的教育。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8db345d3da", "JMdict ent_seq 1013070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8cee7dc4c9486bd04840d89b754dad116600c9fc8eeadb86d5531df2f27c585f" } }, { "id": "59589f7029", "word": "ユニーク", "reading": "ユニーク", "romaji": "yuniiku", "meanings": [ "unique" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1137120, "examples": [ { "ja": "会社にパンタロンとアロハシャツを着てくる彼は、かなりユニークな存在だ。", "furigana": "{会社|かいしゃ}にパンタロンとアロハシャツを{着|き}てくる{彼|かれ}は、かなりユニークな{存在|そんざい}だ。", "en": "He's a pretty unique guy, wearing bell bottoms and Hawaiian shirts to the office.", "tatoeba_id": 185285 }, { "ja": "彼のユニークな建築スタイルの誕生についての歴史的研究である。", "en": "This is a historical examination of the birth of his unique architectural style.", "tatoeba_id": 118213 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bff5c55ecb0cebf48fd003544792fab870b30a49f0a30e1fe08a2ec424be9d76", "meanings": [ "独特" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "会社にパンタロンとアロハシャツを着てくる彼は、かなりユニークな存在だ。", "zh": "穿喇叭裤和夏威夷衬衫上班的他是个相当独特的人。" }, { "ja": "彼のユニークな建築スタイルの誕生についての歴史的研究である。", "zh": "这是对他独特建筑风格形成的历史研究。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/59589f7029", "JMdict ent_seq 1137120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "34ce2b690a8d77be0171ac6c969f77e8c7de0b13168b5cf53a3d491ae57216ef" } }, { "id": "3f164ca482", "word": "ユニフォーム", "reading": "ユニフォーム", "romaji": "yunifoomu", "meanings": [ "uniform" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1137430, "examples": [ { "ja": "チームのメンバーは道具とユニフォームを提供されます。", "furigana": "チームのメンバーは{道具|どうぐ}とユニフォームを{提供|ていきょう}されます。", "en": "Team members are provided with equipment and uniforms.", "tatoeba_id": 203028 }, { "ja": "警官は青いユニフォームを着ている。", "furigana": "{警官|けいかん}は{青|あお}いユニフォームを{着|き}ている。", "en": "Police officers wear blue uniforms.", "tatoeba_id": 176330 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8679c58d56af31ce2473bdc441f55bde11123d5e20bc6fafdb13b700ddba3447", "meanings": [ "制服" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "チームのメンバーは道具とユニフォームを提供されます。", "zh": "球队成员会获得装备和制服。" }, { "ja": "警官は青いユニフォームを着ている。", "zh": "警察穿着蓝色制服。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3f164ca482", "JMdict ent_seq 1137430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9bb864eafb523700cf7c56d13d4a7d3928d12509ae2d67d5d9f122d2894cf204" } }, { "id": "4c2d901737", "word": "指差す", "reading": "ゆびさす", "romaji": "yubisasu", "meanings": [ "to point at" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1309790, "examples": [ { "ja": "ツアーのガイドは景色を指さした。", "en": "The tour guide pointed out the sight.", "tatoeba_id": 202699 }, { "ja": "好きなものを指差しなさい。", "en": "Point your finger at your choice.", "tatoeba_id": 173792 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3cc9fb34b072883af1e39887f14491978d0b494ed9b51f9a20b9001237b58748", "meanings": [ "指向" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ツアーのガイドは景色を指さした。", "zh": "导游指着风景。" }, { "ja": "好きなものを指差しなさい。", "zh": "指一下你喜欢的东西。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4c2d901737", "JMdict ent_seq 1309790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "23272efaf4a09193e3bb1cd3548ed3d8e61ad66a97675e587d7de1095d9b141f" } }, { "id": "b9e2b22bf7", "word": "弓", "reading": "ゆみ", "romaji": "yumi", "meanings": [ "bow (and arrow)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1228490, "examples": [ { "ja": "この弓は張りが強いです。", "furigana": "この{弓|ゆみ}は{張|は}りが{強|つよ}いです。", "en": "This bow has a strong draw.", "tatoeba_id": 75282 }, { "ja": "インディアンは弓と矢で戦った。", "furigana": "インディアンは{弓|ゆみ}と{矢|や}で{戦|たたか}った。", "en": "The Indians fought with bows and arrows.", "tatoeba_id": 228381 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ff6ec30d9042f596851fd6343229bad5237162c130733731ca60528832bc30a1", "meanings": [ "弓" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この弓は張りが強いです。", "zh": "这张弓拉力很大。" }, { "ja": "インディアンは弓と矢で戦った。", "zh": "美洲原住民用弓箭作战。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b9e2b22bf7", "JMdict ent_seq 1228490; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "33aca572207922eafd484e6bc02f1e1e9d5a8102764043d6dc079ae420daf213" } }, { "id": "c0a35530c1", "word": "揺らぐ", "reading": "ゆらぐ", "romaji": "yuragu", "meanings": [ "to swing", "to sway", "to shake", "to tremble" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5g", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1545630, "examples": [ { "ja": "枝が風に揺らいでいる。", "en": "The branches sway in the wind." }, { "ja": "彼の信念が揺らいだ。", "en": "His conviction wavered." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0d712c16319d69069d67490e91c0f0253d33a98f480995a484bff4236102b2f3", "meanings": [ "摇晃", "动摇" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "枝が風に揺らいでいる。", "zh": "树枝在风中摇晃。" }, { "ja": "彼の信念が揺らいだ。", "zh": "他的信念动摇了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c0a35530c1", "JMdict ent_seq 1545630; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "2b841652b1d49bccb1bc6a4942a46aad6bd3a8cfb7d1349094ad604837ae8746" } }, { "id": "182fdae0a6", "word": "緩む", "reading": "ゆるむ", "romaji": "yurumu", "meanings": [ "to become loose", "to slacken" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1214430, "examples": [ { "ja": "普通ネジはね、のの字に回すと締まって、のの字の反対に回すと緩むんだよ。", "en": "Normal screws when turned clockwise will tighten and when turned anti-clockwise will loosen.", "tatoeba_id": 10503739 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "620055309670e07c28416f2ac5dd401c2cd84cff090c9b4139b407c8a50dd467", "meanings": [ "松动", "松弛" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "普通ネジはね、のの字に回すと締まって、のの字の反対に回すと緩むんだよ。", "zh": "通常螺丝顺时针拧紧，逆时针拧松。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/182fdae0a6", "JMdict ent_seq 1214430; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "cabc28293773dce62ec89fabce556d9d84b2880e035247df98d1fd7e202d771e" } }, { "id": "31e870b11a", "word": "緩める", "reading": "ゆるめる", "romaji": "yurumeru", "meanings": [ "to loosen", "to slow down" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1214440, "examples": [ { "ja": "その規則は最近緩められた。", "furigana": "その{規則|きそく}は{最近|さいきん}{緩|ゆる}められた。", "en": "The rules were recently relaxed.", "tatoeba_id": 211508 }, { "ja": "彼は私をつかまえている力を緩めた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{私|わたし}をつかまえている{力|ちから}を{緩|ゆる}めた。", "en": "He relaxed his hold on me.", "tatoeba_id": 105607 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0fdae91af697c50f3a4663594ba7be6a266756e55642cd49e979e0e4d54dedc5", "meanings": [ "放松", "放宽" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その規則は最近緩められた。", "zh": "那条规定最近放宽了。" }, { "ja": "彼は私をつかまえている力を緩めた。", "zh": "他放松了抓住我的力道。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/31e870b11a", "JMdict ent_seq 1214440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a08ae904a8b0b84544d8ab47968869ae30cc1a877cea71d47aef739d04db1472" } }, { "id": "0814ddbb40", "word": "緩やか", "reading": "ゆるやか", "romaji": "yuruyaka", "meanings": [ "lenient", "gentle", "slow" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1214450, "examples": [ { "ja": "この学校は規律がやや緩やかだ。", "furigana": "この{学校|がっこう}は{規律|きりつ}がやや{緩|ゆる}やかだ。", "en": "Discipline is rather mild at this school.", "tatoeba_id": 222599 }, { "ja": "Ｖの角度が広ければ広いほど、スピードは緩やかになる。", "furigana": "Ｖの{角度|かくど}が{広|ひろ}ければ{広|ひろ}いほど、スピードは{緩|ゆる}やかになる。", "en": "The wider the V angle, the slower the speed.", "tatoeba_id": 234780 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2dde3dc3187e8abbd8b035ca79170ecb902f8b8d89c5ca973b6560d461fac162", "meanings": [ "宽松", "缓慢" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この学校は規律がやや緩やかだ。", "zh": "这所学校的纪律稍微宽松。" }, { "ja": "Ｖの角度が広ければ広いほど、スピードは緩やかになる。", "zh": "V字角度越大，速度越慢。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0814ddbb40", "JMdict ent_seq 1214450; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b385cccc28b704bdccb5dffa328a19187ca8b9b45e133b706df5cb31fe8c619f" } }, { "id": "9413788b34", "word": "世", "reading": "よ", "romaji": "yo", "meanings": [ "world", "society", "age", "generation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1605810, "examples": [ { "ja": "新聞は世の動向を左右する。", "furigana": "{新聞|しんぶん}は{世|よ}の{動向|どうこう}を{左右|さゆう}する。", "en": "Newspapers influence the current of time.", "tatoeba_id": 145130 }, { "ja": "光が世にやって来た。", "furigana": "{光|ひかり}が{世|よ}にやって{来|き}た。", "en": "Light has come into the world.", "tatoeba_id": 174089 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fb74ea85641330815e88999c26a62a754eeedcfe60fbfec0e7c5a54028293bf0", "meanings": [ "社会", "世间" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "新聞は世の動向を左右する。", "zh": "报纸左右社会动向。" }, { "ja": "光が世にやって来た。", "zh": "光来到了世间。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9413788b34", "JMdict ent_seq 1605810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bb052f315a6dc89408aaac247ec2f29dc6732005b0f2bc96af9878ee67c64bbb" } }, { "id": "53a8f3fc5e", "word": "要因", "reading": "よういん", "romaji": "youin", "meanings": [ "primary factor", "main cause" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1546670, "examples": [ { "ja": "その犯罪の第一の要因は何ですか。", "furigana": "その{犯罪|はんざい}の{第一|だいいち}の{要因|よういん}は{何|なに}ですか。", "en": "What is the main cause of the crime?", "tatoeba_id": 207169 }, { "ja": "Ｂ要因の取り扱いに関して、両者のアプローチにはわずかな違いがあるようだ。", "furigana": "Ｂ{要因|よういん}の{取|と}り{扱|あつか}いに{関|かん}して、{両者|りょうしゃ}のアプローチにはわずかな{違|ちが}いがあるようだ。", "en": "There seems to be a slight difference on the treatment of the B factor between their approaches.", "tatoeba_id": 234866 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "eef15f113fbeb3308333be369d2fe918b331b5dcb09d4ccc93891ef9c79393b1", "meanings": [ "因素" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その犯罪の第一の要因は何ですか。", "zh": "那起犯罪的首要因素是什么？" }, { "ja": "Ｂ要因の取り扱いに関して、両者のアプローチにはわずかな違いがあるようだ。", "zh": "关于B因素的处理，两者的方法似乎有细微差异。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/53a8f3fc5e", "JMdict ent_seq 1546670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "32223ce22747e6b8c91288341bdddacab224cffcd92b7df747956c031c01261a" } }, { "id": "e298035599", "word": "溶液", "reading": "ようえき", "romaji": "youeki", "meanings": [ "solution (liquid)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1546100, "examples": [ { "ja": "塩を水に溶かして溶液を作る。", "en": "Dissolve salt in water to make a solution." }, { "ja": "溶液の温度を測ってください。", "en": "Please measure the temperature of the solution." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "25f3e04893252b49ffdbcbcc1ff0c04f6774a586acd4f2e269853bd406674223", "meanings": [ "溶液" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "塩を水に溶かして溶液を作る。", "zh": "把盐溶在水里制成溶液。" }, { "ja": "溶液の温度を測ってください。", "zh": "请测量溶液的温度。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e298035599", "JMdict ent_seq 1546100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "44de9a416d08139181ddf9f9270ab9f9144407372f20ba414a953525208615d3" } }, { "id": "2058b2a543", "word": "用件", "reading": "ようけん", "romaji": "youken", "meanings": [ "business" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1546250, "examples": [ { "ja": "その用件は明日まで待てますか。", "en": "Can the matter wait till tomorrow?", "tatoeba_id": 206265 }, { "ja": "ご用件をうけたまわりましょうか。", "furigana": "ご{用件|ようけん}をうけたまわりましょうか。", "en": "May I help you?", "tatoeba_id": 216994 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0f22ec13ab940c609c90e272edddede773efe23882e595f19d1647fdc7168981", "meanings": [ "事情", "来意" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その用件は明日まで待てますか。", "zh": "那件事能等到明天吗？" }, { "ja": "ご用件をうけたまわりましょうか。", "zh": "请问您有什么事？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/2058b2a543", "JMdict ent_seq 1546250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b56163559ac831d64cc9dc4b23562bdde42ffdf8cae3a0d15d02c111b46810ec" } }, { "id": "76255d35db", "word": "養護", "reading": "ようご", "romaji": "yougo", "meanings": [ "protection", "nursing", "protective care" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1605847, "examples": [ { "ja": "学校は子どもの養護を行う。", "en": "The school provides care for children." }, { "ja": "彼らは支援が必要な人を養護した。", "en": "They cared for people in need of assistance." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "94bd9064ecb7dd65a51a0d623a0d2006fecfa5d9582d44699078f09dc3005c25", "meanings": [ "养护", "保护" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "学校は子どもの養護を行う。", "zh": "学校提供儿童养护服务。" }, { "ja": "彼らは支援が必要な人を養護した。", "zh": "他们照料有需要的人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/76255d35db", "JMdict ent_seq 1605847; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bb0280df22f573f3b7c16fb828a3b69ca142e0bcbdf64f8d80f297e3768450ec" } }, { "id": "78ecbbf24b", "word": "用紙", "reading": "ようし", "romaji": "youshi", "meanings": [ "blank form" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1546290, "examples": [ { "ja": "いま、この用紙に書き込まなくてはいけないのですか。", "furigana": "いま、この{用紙|ようし}に{書|か}き{込|こ}まなくてはいけないのですか。", "en": "Should I fill in this form now?", "tatoeba_id": 228563 }, { "ja": "生徒は先生に答案用紙を提出した。", "furigana": "{生徒|せいと}は{先生|せんせい}に{答案|とうあん}{用紙|ようし}を{提出|ていしゅつ}した。", "en": "The student handed the examination papers in to the teacher.", "tatoeba_id": 142722 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8299e73a558fdb8baab66d0a23e1391d1918be7f494ed1dbf3e4799b4f7147ac", "meanings": [ "表格", "纸张" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "いま、この用紙に書き込まなくてはいけないのですか。", "zh": "现在必须填写这张表格吗？" }, { "ja": "生徒は先生に答案用紙を提出した。", "zh": "学生向老师提交了答卷。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/78ecbbf24b", "JMdict ent_seq 1546290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c885e15399b8d1b13d561673c5a89e64e406ec956d0e574d8ac5674ed267011a" } }, { "id": "9f069bc7a9", "word": "様式", "reading": "ようしき", "romaji": "youshiki", "meanings": [ "style", "form", "pattern" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1545830, "examples": [ { "ja": "この服装様式はパリに始まった。", "furigana": "この{服装|ふくそう}{様式|ようしき}はパリに{始|はじ}まった。", "en": "This style of costume originated in Paris.", "tatoeba_id": 219948 }, { "ja": "大都市の魅力のひとつは、その建物の建築様式に見られる多様性にある。", "furigana": "{大都市|だいとし}の{魅力|みりょく}のひとつは、その{建物|たてもの}の{建築|けんちく}{様式|ようしき}に{見|み}られる{多様性|たようせい}にある。", "en": "Part of the charm of a big city lies in the variety of styles that can be seen in the architecture of its buildings.", "tatoeba_id": 137376 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "21df722e0745f11943236e8ca3f48c42f01109657abce6399a3d657b8cced788", "meanings": [ "样式" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この服装様式はパリに始まった。", "zh": "这种服装样式起源于巴黎。" }, { "ja": "大都市の魅力のひとつは、その建物の建築様式に見られる多様性にある。", "zh": "大城市的魅力之一在于建筑风格的多样性。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9f069bc7a9", "JMdict ent_seq 1545830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d71faf9025a07ca529c17ef02226f8ac699797b42a8f984f280e5e6158cb79df" } }, { "id": "08791814c0", "word": "要する", "reading": "ようする", "romaji": "yousuru", "meanings": [ "to demand", "to require", "to take" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "vs-s", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1546610, "examples": [ { "ja": "教えるということは大いに忍耐力を要する。", "furigana": "{教|おし}えるということは{大|おお}いに{忍耐力|にんたいりょく}を{要|よう}する。", "en": "Teaching demands a lot of patience.", "tatoeba_id": 180366 }, { "ja": "急を要することだから急いでください。", "furigana": "{急|きゅう}を{要|よう}することだから{急|いそ}いでください。", "en": "Please hurry, it's urgent.", "tatoeba_id": 182441 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4a37bf7eb4ba19fefd30635042db36b642a4a85912dabd91b578a7985cc5a15d", "meanings": [ "需要" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "教えるということは大いに忍耐力を要する。", "zh": "教学需要很大的耐心。" }, { "ja": "急を要することだから急いでください。", "zh": "事情紧急，请快一点。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/08791814c0", "JMdict ent_seq 1546610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8de3ac3bc55828e4fc7d717b3add3b3ace19c8e33fc1e07ee7c14643344c0615" } }, { "id": "16f829442e", "word": "要請", "reading": "ようせい", "romaji": "yousei", "meanings": [ "claim", "demand", "request", "application" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1546780, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私の要請については何も言わなかった。", "en": "He said nothing as to my request.", "tatoeba_id": 105675 }, { "ja": "私は彼に知らせるように要請した。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{彼|かれ}に{知|し}らせるように{要請|ようせい}した。", "en": "I requested that he keep me informed.", "tatoeba_id": 154086 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d594211c9dcecbf543da86cddd5c3ea87e41bef9ad8750647ef03d19754eef70", "meanings": [ "请求" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は私の要請については何も言わなかった。", "zh": "他对我的请求什么也没说。" }, { "ja": "私は彼に知らせるように要請した。", "zh": "我请求他通知我。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/16f829442e", "JMdict ent_seq 1546780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "87745d0d07d813a314b9eeab7883da01a418e67ccb747700efe625e575513070" } }, { "id": "64cae32b6b", "word": "養成", "reading": "ようせい", "romaji": "yousei", "meanings": [ "training", "development" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1547190, "examples": [ { "ja": "心身共にベストのコンディションで新人養成合宿に臨みましょう。", "en": "With both mind and body in their best condition, let's look forward to the newcomers' training camp.", "tatoeba_id": 74812 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "00317795ac2dce96f40ec1a897bae5b67bb4fd4478a9254f4ccee6f7688a6610", "meanings": [ "培养", "训练" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "心身共にベストのコンディションで新人養成合宿に臨みましょう。", "zh": "让我们以身心最佳状态参加新人培训集训。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/64cae32b6b", "JMdict ent_seq 1547190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a5bdd2e7900d1f3a84f4115ed46ac0edb09c84fde81d3998d7b594203ab25d3b" } }, { "id": "a9dbd9e8d9", "word": "様相", "reading": "ようそう", "romaji": "yousou", "meanings": [ "aspect" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1545840, "examples": [ { "ja": "コンピューターが産業の様相を大きく変えた。", "furigana": "コンピューターが{産業|さんぎょう}の{様相|ようそう}を{大|おお}きく{変|か}えた。", "en": "Computers have changed the industrial picture considerably.", "tatoeba_id": 217279 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e7716509b043d10fd0625b6ba34d332649d4b4855e67fabb423fe446ee42a9b4", "meanings": [ "面貌", "形势" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "コンピューターが産業の様相を大きく変えた。", "zh": "电脑大大改变了产业的面貌。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a9dbd9e8d9", "JMdict ent_seq 1545840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a9a7ac2c8bc2027d655bd62ac4041bf466efbd449434819031416e81e7474a6d" } }, { "id": "724de6838a", "word": "用品", "reading": "ようひん", "romaji": "youhin", "meanings": [ "articles", "supplies", "parts" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1546400, "examples": [ { "ja": "衛生用品売り場はどこですか。", "furigana": "{衛生|えいせい}{用品|ようひん}{売|う}り{場|ば}はどこですか。", "en": "Where is the sanitary section?", "tatoeba_id": 188967 }, { "ja": "この店は紳士用品を扱っている。", "furigana": "この{店|みせ}は{紳士|しんし}{用品|ようひん}を{扱|あつか}っている。", "en": "This shop carries men's clothing.", "tatoeba_id": 220416 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3e3571d97f81fc4fca32b259d532302a34c556a3c281d7145c3d5ba4a51fb5cd", "meanings": [ "用品" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "衛生用品売り場はどこですか。", "zh": "卫生用品柜台在哪里？" }, { "ja": "この店は紳士用品を扱っている。", "zh": "这家店经营男士用品。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/724de6838a", "JMdict ent_seq 1546400; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6fe88df3f4a40ba79f589f3b79aa51fee21e9999bb5cd72581fac91a9152a071" } }, { "id": "7f3a84fff7", "word": "洋風", "reading": "ようふう", "romaji": "youfuu", "meanings": [ "western style" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1546010, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は洋風の家に住んでいます。", "en": "I live in a Western-style house.", "tatoeba_id": 13715820 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8c697cddebf5fac2e190058c88cb63ca716fa781e40618b338aaa1bb2f640d12", "meanings": [ "西式" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は洋風の家に住んでいます。", "zh": "我住在西式房子里。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7f3a84fff7", "JMdict ent_seq 1546010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b8e157af5658c442074ece5429350c6edf81e4d31ebdeddde491fe6eeac75252" } }, { "id": "47f993e9c4", "word": "用法", "reading": "ようほう", "romaji": "youhou", "meanings": [ "directions", "rules of use" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1546410, "examples": [ { "ja": "その２語の用法の区別は明瞭である。", "furigana": "その２{語|ご}の{用法|ようほう}の{区別|くべつ}は{明瞭|めいりょう}である。", "en": "The distinction in usage between the two words is clear.", "tatoeba_id": 213440 }, { "ja": "国文法の現在形はこれからのことを示す用法が多い。", "furigana": "{国文法|こくぶんぽう}の{現在形|げんざいけい}はこれからのことを{示|しめ}す{用法|ようほう}が{多|おお}い。", "en": "There are many uses of the 'present tense' of Japanese grammar which indicate things yet to happen.", "tatoeba_id": 75113 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "6600183fc11af5ef1363b19cab4a139491f030c0da0176942b759806eb43cf17", "meanings": [ "用法" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その２語の用法の区別は明瞭である。", "zh": "那两个词的用法区别很清楚。" }, { "ja": "国文法の現在形はこれからのことを示す用法が多い。", "zh": "日语语法的现在形很多用来表示将来的事。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/47f993e9c4", "JMdict ent_seq 1546410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9ac0e32c747fc5c23b7176140a7b1e51c1da258a1ef15872f8607fcfaa2397d2" } }, { "id": "ee2d6b3118", "word": "要望", "reading": "ようぼう", "romaji": "youbou", "meanings": [ "demand for", "request" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1546830, "examples": [ { "ja": "ご要望により地図を送ります。", "furigana": "ご{要望|ようぼう}により{地図|ちず}を{送|おく}ります。", "en": "A map is available upon request.", "tatoeba_id": 216991 }, { "ja": "残念ながら、御要望にはそいかねます。", "furigana": "{残念|ざんねん}ながら、{御|ご}{要望|ようぼう}にはそいかねます。", "en": "I am sorry, but I cannot meet your requirement.", "tatoeba_id": 169247 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1a982ea6826b0bb7229469d9be5a94c6240799c28281220e83f81976934bce24", "meanings": [ "要求", "请求" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ご要望により地図を送ります。", "zh": "按您的要求寄上地图。" }, { "ja": "残念ながら、御要望にはそいかねます。", "zh": "很遗憾，我们无法满足您的要求。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ee2d6b3118", "JMdict ent_seq 1546830; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c7608b1b40b22427667c19d7a11c57572413b1cdf4de823c87ee01db95771c37" } }, { "id": "72b86a5ca6", "word": "余暇", "reading": "よか", "romaji": "yoka", "meanings": [ "leisure", "leisure time", "spare time" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1543980, "examples": [ { "ja": "ユリコは余暇に花を生ける。", "furigana": "ユリコは{余暇|よか}に{花|はな}を{生|い}ける。", "en": "Yuriko arranges flowers in her spare time.", "tatoeba_id": 192933 }, { "ja": "彼女は余暇を人形を作って過ごす。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{余暇|よか}を{人形|にんぎょう}を{作|つく}って{過|す}ごす。", "en": "She spends her leisure time making dolls.", "tatoeba_id": 86384 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3eaa16df6ac208ebe45207c42950b9c34ba104f9c6a0f72d11da0631eef94823", "meanings": [ "闲暇" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ユリコは余暇に花を生ける。", "zh": "百合子在闲暇时插花。" }, { "ja": "彼女は余暇を人形を作って過ごす。", "zh": "她在闲暇时制作人偶。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/72b86a5ca6", "JMdict ent_seq 1543980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "42388ddbc647a357e37d1bb30a5fe4f77abc133fc443c693ecf897699c54f805" } }, { "id": "7492881f35", "word": "予感", "reading": "よかん", "romaji": "yokan", "meanings": [ "presentiment", "premonition" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1542910, "examples": [ { "ja": "吹き荒れる嵐の予感に、僕らはこぞって震えあがった。", "en": "At this hint of the violent storm to come we shuddered as one.", "tatoeba_id": 75972 }, { "ja": "彼らが仲良くやっていけない予感がする。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らが{仲良|なかよ}くやっていけない{予感|よかん}がする。", "en": "I feel in my bones that they will never get along well together.", "tatoeba_id": 98678 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8ea1a2523080ad1d6b0147af61e4d8ce159e432dd029e1c23785ca9f783954a5", "meanings": [ "预感" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "吹き荒れる嵐の予感に、僕らはこぞって震えあがった。", "zh": "预感到暴风雨即将肆虐，我们都吓得发抖。" }, { "ja": "彼らが仲良くやっていけない予感がする。", "zh": "我预感他们无法和睦相处。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7492881f35", "JMdict ent_seq 1542910; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "dddd1dc84b1a763df3e0bf6913fd3ecea587e614f14d1e6d8a78ef2ca96eb9de" } }, { "id": "de99ebd20d", "word": "余興", "reading": "よきょう", "romaji": "yokyou", "meanings": [ "side show", "entertainment" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1544040, "examples": [ { "ja": "忘年会の余興で大喜利をやることになった。", "en": "It's been decided that the entertainment for our year-end party will be a question-with-comical-improvised-answer session.", "tatoeba_id": 1212275 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "62e53458805bd9be35ccc416f253ec2425daa5a989b88da9031cc0efe5023986", "meanings": [ "助兴节目" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "忘年会の余興で大喜利をやることになった。", "zh": "决定在年末聚会上进行即兴问答作为助兴节目。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/de99ebd20d", "JMdict ent_seq 1544040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e470c4eb8d717cfda7f45a6a2c6d1301fa50c645f27caad06e71a51b5a3a60f8" } }, { "id": "145570d162", "word": "預金", "reading": "よきん", "romaji": "yokin", "meanings": [ "deposit", "bank account" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1545020, "examples": [ { "ja": "私の預金残高はどうなっていますか。", "en": "What's the balance of my account?", "tatoeba_id": 162468 }, { "ja": "彼は銀行に多額の預金があった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{銀行|ぎんこう}に{多額|たがく}の{預金|よきん}があった。", "en": "He had a lot of money in the bank.", "tatoeba_id": 108131 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7da72d9b8daef825483b5d56e34a6dfc42f95e26a14c86644cf544a03781fcf8", "meanings": [ "存款" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私の預金残高はどうなっていますか。", "zh": "我的存款余额是多少？" }, { "ja": "彼は銀行に多額の預金があった。", "zh": "他在银行有大笔存款。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/145570d162", "JMdict ent_seq 1545020; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b6378de4324d5b6f38bdd626f4429edee20b86fdd4af677ec390d3c3de547989" } }, { "id": "192c16376f", "word": "抑圧", "reading": "よくあつ", "romaji": "yokuatsu", "meanings": [ "check", "restraint", "oppression", "suppression" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1547270, "examples": [ { "ja": "その暴動は難なく抑圧された。", "furigana": "その{暴動|ぼうどう}は{難|なん}なく{抑圧|よくあつ}された。", "en": "The riot was suppressed without difficulty.", "tatoeba_id": 206727 }, { "ja": "政府はすべての野党を抑圧しようとした。", "furigana": "{政府|せいふ}はすべての{野党|やとう}を{抑圧|よくあつ}しようとした。", "en": "The government tried to suppress all opposition parties.", "tatoeba_id": 143134 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fa54df50ee0a99e70a663f9a436c5818cc2389c8722a0b2f37c273e86a6d7a94", "meanings": [ "压制", "压迫" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その暴動は難なく抑圧された。", "zh": "那场暴动轻易被镇压了。" }, { "ja": "政府はすべての野党を抑圧しようとした。", "zh": "政府试图压制所有反对党。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/192c16376f", "JMdict ent_seq 1547270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "396e8f4158d001d94819ca0001b8357370982974f79f61970aea2319564cae40" } }, { "id": "073662256e", "word": "浴室", "reading": "よくしつ", "romaji": "yokushitsu", "meanings": [ "bathroom", "bath" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1547460, "examples": [ { "ja": "浴室付きの二人部屋をお願いします。", "en": "We'd like a room for two with a bath.", "tatoeba_id": 78755 }, { "ja": "この家には浴室が二つ付いている。", "furigana": "この{家|いえ}には{浴室|よくしつ}が{二|ふた}つ{付|つ}いている。", "en": "This house has two bathrooms.", "tatoeba_id": 222844 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "45d5803fb78b3781d64a4604491d75d1338cc455df6b907460bd7ea265247892", "meanings": [ "浴室" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "浴室付きの二人部屋をお願いします。", "zh": "请给我一间带浴室的双人房。" }, { "ja": "この家には浴室が二つ付いている。", "zh": "这所房子有两个浴室。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/073662256e", "JMdict ent_seq 1547460; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5f3128f71b0a856d9ccefc1f43cc0a86ef1d7d090152d911f929797ecb5fa662" } }, { "id": "0484e1a526", "word": "抑制", "reading": "よくせい", "romaji": "yokusei", "meanings": [ "suppression" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1547290, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は怒りを抑制することができなかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{怒|いか}りを{抑制|よくせい}することができなかった。", "en": "He could not control his anger.", "tatoeba_id": 101806 }, { "ja": "政府はインフレ抑制に努力すべきだ。", "furigana": "{政府|せいふ}はインフレ{抑制|よくせい}に{努力|どりょく}すべきだ。", "en": "The government should endeavor to curb inflation.", "tatoeba_id": 143139 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9db317edf3f09b02c9c78b0306376bfd5bfef5768b13b64f863a7594526fc39f", "meanings": [ "抑制" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は怒りを抑制することができなかった。", "zh": "他无法控制愤怒。" }, { "ja": "政府はインフレ抑制に努力すべきだ。", "zh": "政府应当努力抑制通胀。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0484e1a526", "JMdict ent_seq 1547290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b76d44f29151e6dc134312bd17f5886b97a508ee4e4d691f4ca3baa18411fb37" } }, { "id": "34d33913ff", "word": "欲深い", "reading": "よくふかい", "romaji": "yokufukai", "meanings": [ "greedy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1547380, "examples": [ { "ja": "さて人間とは欲深いものです。", "en": "Men are greedy.", "tatoeba_id": 413816 }, { "ja": "強気な者はお金を儲け、弱気な者はお金を儲け、欲深い取引者は損失ぞ。", "en": "Bulls make money, bears make money, hogs get slaughtered.", "tatoeba_id": 9255486 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5fd394bccff0914fa34933437c30256d67ce0febca1dbb680a86f18201a5a205", "meanings": [ "贪婪" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "さて人間とは欲深いものです。", "zh": "说起来人是贪婪的。" }, { "ja": "強気な者はお金を儲け、弱気な者はお金を儲け、欲深い取引者は損失ぞ。", "zh": "看多者赚钱，看空者赚钱，贪婪的交易者却亏损。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/34d33913ff", "JMdict ent_seq 1547380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "baf6211ccc8463bfc2c6b17bebe9e0140068e34efe53655c445ea8b3a11a5027" } }, { "id": "cdc0ed51d0", "word": "欲望", "reading": "よくぼう", "romaji": "yokubou", "meanings": [ "desire", "appetite" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1547410, "examples": [ { "ja": "欲望を愛と混同するな。", "furigana": "{欲望|よくぼう}を{愛|あい}と{混同|こんどう}するな。", "en": "Don't confuse desire with love.", "tatoeba_id": 78761 }, { "ja": "欲望は需要を否定する。", "furigana": "{欲望|よくぼう}は{需要|じゅよう}を{否定|ひてい}する。", "en": "Lust denies need.", "tatoeba_id": 78764 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "48b107a6165a11edef01356fad29869cf70b5aeffe0b52c89574e416dce82f9b", "meanings": [ "欲望" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "欲望を愛と混同するな。", "zh": "不要把欲望和爱混淆。" }, { "ja": "欲望は需要を否定する。", "zh": "欲望否定需求。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cdc0ed51d0", "JMdict ent_seq 1547410; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c83d79fe20e11cff21e9af9ad83acc271a55e0963bb88f7cb5762db80d459c21" } }, { "id": "a22c4bd92f", "word": "横綱", "reading": "よこづな", "romaji": "yokozuna", "meanings": [ "sumo grand champion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1180740, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は横綱に昇進した。", "en": "He was promoted to yokozuna." }, { "ja": "横綱が試合に勝った。", "en": "The yokozuna won the match." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7e86816dea250ffd416bfd497b58317d7970c3b8f81dcefe64f1fe65ad0de68e", "meanings": [ "横纲" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は横綱に昇進した。", "zh": "他晋升为横纲。" }, { "ja": "横綱が試合に勝った。", "zh": "横纲赢得了比赛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a22c4bd92f", "JMdict ent_seq 1180740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ff8c9e1cddd3a6fa652cbf027a86027576c42bee22f1359f6c5642a16dd25426" } }, { "id": "0180e8874e", "word": "葦", "reading": "よし", "romaji": "yoshi", "meanings": [ "reed", "bulrush" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1152820, "examples": [ { "ja": "川辺に葦が生えている。", "en": "Reeds grow by the river." }, { "ja": "風が葦を揺らした。", "en": "The wind moved the reeds." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "87ef489b23cad7f025d8ee3e068f25423a547a9e9907ff245c1dd3a2211c930c", "meanings": [ "芦苇" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "川辺に葦が生えている。", "zh": "河边长着芦苇。" }, { "ja": "風が葦を揺らした。", "zh": "风吹动了芦苇。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0180e8874e", "JMdict ent_seq 1152820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "指芦苇；不要与表示同意的感叹词「よし」混淆。", "review_hash": "90ed5e4b10e3830b2992ccbdafe2d6803e93394837a63df75a2ffdf8f1fd8aaa" } }, { "id": "fdb1756f8e", "word": "善し悪し", "reading": "よしあし", "romaji": "yoshiashi", "meanings": [ "good or bad", "merits or demerits", "quality", "suitability" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1581170, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女には事の善し悪しがわからない。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}には{事|こと}の{善|よ}し{悪|あ}しがわからない。", "en": "She can't tell the good from the bad.", "tatoeba_id": 94943 }, { "ja": "彼は馬の善し悪しを見る目は確かだ。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{馬|うま}の{善|よ}し{悪|あ}しを{見|み}る{目|め}は{確|たし}かだ。", "en": "He is a good judge of horses.", "tatoeba_id": 101307 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "025cd222a6f2d746e179171a18d9530a1524d1d645bb363002da410a668f0915", "meanings": [ "好坏", "优缺点" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女には事の善し悪しがわからない。", "zh": "她分不清事情的好坏。" }, { "ja": "彼は馬の善し悪しを見る目は確かだ。", "zh": "他看马好坏的眼光很准。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fdb1756f8e", "JMdict ent_seq 1581170; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fe0d06506fd342321ce307eaadd39b30068cd9c8e1e85143078f3cc7706d6bc6" } }, { "id": "a59bbff012", "word": "予想", "reading": "よそう", "romaji": "yosou", "meanings": [ "expectation", "anticipation", "prediction", "forecast" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1543130, "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたはどんな結果を予想していますか。", "furigana": "あなたはどんな{結果|けっか}を{予想|よそう}していますか。", "en": "What results do you anticipate?", "tatoeba_id": 232440 }, { "ja": "彼女が優勝すると予想を彼はした。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}が{優勝|ゆうしょう}すると{予想|よそう}を{彼|かれ}はした。", "en": "He predicted she would win.", "tatoeba_id": 95185 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3accc158448104f772d5302300bf8c86a9ce114cb4f484da9190b43f2822818a", "meanings": [ "预测" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あなたはどんな結果を予想していますか。", "zh": "你预期什么结果？" }, { "ja": "彼女が優勝すると予想を彼はした。", "zh": "他预测她会夺冠。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a59bbff012", "JMdict ent_seq 1543130; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5929eb8b4e90d4d8e3a5aec9f8e44ed1bfe93c0b68b42e4bbd0f6e151b3c2432" } }, { "id": "c685b4940c", "word": "余所見", "reading": "よそみ", "romaji": "yosomi", "meanings": [ "looking away", "looking aside" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1544190, "examples": [ { "ja": "そこの男子、授業中によそ見しない！", "en": "Boys, stop staring off into space in class!", "tatoeba_id": 1723654 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5ef20b6e4579922b425d1e3a01d59d48578598cb1508bd2cee42354f6257cb4d", "meanings": [ "东张西望" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そこの男子、授業中によそ見しない！", "zh": "那边的男生，上课不要东张西望！" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c685b4940c", "JMdict ent_seq 1544190; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b2a8195705df0eb4d07aa618f750cc45fdfee30166e95dca68b46f245799dbec" } }, { "id": "794e0d078e", "word": "余地", "reading": "よち", "romaji": "yochi", "meanings": [ "place", "room", "margin", "scope" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1544380, "examples": [ { "ja": "改善の余地は大いに残されている。", "furigana": "{改善|かいぜん}の{余地|よち}は{大|おお}いに{残|のこ}されている。", "en": "There's a lot of room left for improvement.", "tatoeba_id": 185140 }, { "ja": "そんな行為には弁解の余地はない。", "furigana": "そんな{行為|こうい}には{弁解|べんかい}の{余地|よち}はない。", "en": "There is no excuse for such behavior.", "tatoeba_id": 204139 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9438025385a34676f87aa8d978bba24f7fe10afb501583d9fea2c40b84db2f4d", "meanings": [ "余地" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "改善の余地は大いに残されている。", "zh": "还有很大的改进余地。" }, { "ja": "そんな行為には弁解の余地はない。", "zh": "那样的行为没有辩解余地。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/794e0d078e", "JMdict ent_seq 1544380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "086052908c4e2aef48325cf9acdfa5dd0e41b85a4da198076b081492d793e367" } }, { "id": "9c552d88c0", "word": "よって", "reading": "よって", "romaji": "yotte", "meanings": [ "therefore", "consequently", "accordingly", "because of" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "conj" ], "jmdict_id": 1605970, "other_forms": [ "依って" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "道路が凍結した。よって運行を中止する。", "en": "The road is icy. Therefore, service is suspended." }, { "ja": "資料が不足している。よって会議を延期する。", "en": "The materials are insufficient. Therefore, the meeting is postponed." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0f26106312dbeeb25cf99372b02308696dbf7321f88c7a36f58c4a7b065f3151", "meanings": [ "因此" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "道路が凍結した。よって運行を中止する。", "zh": "道路结冰，因此停运。" }, { "ja": "資料が不足している。よって会議を延期する。", "zh": "材料不足，因此推迟会议。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9c552d88c0", "JMdict ent_seq 1605970; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "28777eaf9899c773c83d6fafafc82f202e72e88cb842da48acb90a6624869a5a" } }, { "id": "fc653283bc", "word": "よっぽど", "reading": "よっぽど", "romaji": "yoppodo", "meanings": [ "very", "greatly", "much", "to a large extent", "quite" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv", "adj-no", "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 2830551, "examples": [ { "ja": "よっぽど印象に残る事じゃないと覚えてないんだよね。", "furigana": "よっぽど{印象|いんしょう}に{残|のこ}る{事|こと}じゃないと{覚|おぼ}えてないんだよね。", "en": "Unless it's something fairly impressive, I won't remember it.", "tatoeba_id": 192724 }, { "ja": "よっぽどの自信なんだなぁ。", "en": "You have considerable confidence.", "tatoeba_id": 11029500 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d1c408dfe25b4cd8ba0d5caa644d98c133e30fa66213b02f841aefd56c8a0c23", "meanings": [ "非常", "很" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "よっぽど印象に残る事じゃないと覚えてないんだよね。", "zh": "不是印象特别深的事，我就记不住。" }, { "ja": "よっぽどの自信なんだなぁ。", "zh": "你一定很有自信啊。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fc653283bc", "JMdict ent_seq 2830551; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4bdf19a163707fb4c7c7a5b5f2976ff8ddaac012d2fed8a3e7e947c935052ddc" } }, { "id": "8307cffb68", "word": "与党", "reading": "よとう", "romaji": "yotou", "meanings": [ "government party", "(ruling) party in power", "government" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1544870, "examples": [ { "ja": "与党は野党非難のキャンペーンを展開しています。", "en": "The ruling party is running a smear campaign against the opposition.", "tatoeba_id": 78930 }, { "ja": "与党は前の選挙で過半数を占めた。", "furigana": "{与党|よとう}は{前|まえ}の{選挙|せんきょ}で{過半数|かはんすう}を{占|し}めた。", "en": "The government got their majority at the last election.", "tatoeba_id": 78931 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f29a57fca59c9630333e8c0b9b0a2e3d6865dda3f7f5d9c1c5331af4b261669b", "meanings": [ "执政党" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "与党は野党非難のキャンペーンを展開しています。", "zh": "执政党正在展开批评在野党的运动。" }, { "ja": "与党は前の選挙で過半数を占めた。", "zh": "执政党在上次选举中获得过半数。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8307cffb68", "JMdict ent_seq 1544870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a2242f35d2165855085148f54555a98c2318bce206af5b4575ba3d577779f1c2" } }, { "id": "e22d9858a2", "word": "呼び止める", "reading": "よびとめる", "romaji": "yobitomeru", "meanings": [ "to challenge", "to call somebody to halt" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1266330, "examples": [ { "ja": "警察官が私を呼び止めた時、時速１２０キロで走っていた。", "furigana": "{警察官|けいさつかん}が{私|わたし}を{呼|よ}び{止|と}めた{時|とき}、{時速|じそく}１２０キロで{走|はし}っていた。", "en": "I was going 120 kilometers an hour when the police stopped me.", "tatoeba_id": 176085 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "247b9f2e8799449658230c5a6324b3cf7eccd550bd1a96da6f09d2ef4c3da24c", "meanings": [ "叫住" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "警察官が私を呼び止めた時、時速１２０キロで走っていた。", "zh": "警察叫住我时，我正以时速一百二十公里行驶。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e22d9858a2", "JMdict ent_seq 1266330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "fd00288488e38260a4ad91465f7db855da7746426ef7d693c6dd76bd474d7da2" } }, { "id": "52b17bca55", "word": "夜更かし", "reading": "よふかし", "romaji": "yofukashi", "meanings": [ "staying up late", "keeping late hours", "sitting up late at night", "nighthawk" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1606000, "examples": [ { "ja": "そんなに夜ふかしをするべきではない。", "en": "You ought not to sit up so late.", "tatoeba_id": 204226 }, { "ja": "彼は夜更かしをするようになった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{夜更|よふ}かしをするようになった。", "en": "He fell into the habit of keeping late hours.", "tatoeba_id": 99464 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "99bc94e493b2a7d69dfb12c8fac3c8066f2582be4f91439fd6faa04c145eeea1", "meanings": [ "熬夜" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そんなに夜ふかしをするべきではない。", "zh": "你不应该熬得那么晚。" }, { "ja": "彼は夜更かしをするようになった。", "zh": "他开始经常熬夜。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/52b17bca55", "JMdict ent_seq 1606000; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0c4acebdff50d6a2c9d50468aff710a1c838c5b40e6500e35e88a2b0c1a8780a" } }, { "id": "601e4974f7", "word": "夜更け", "reading": "よふけ", "romaji": "yofuke", "meanings": [ "late at night" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1606010, "examples": [ { "ja": "我々は夜更けまで語り合った。", "furigana": "{我々|われわれ}は{夜更|よふ}けまで{語|かた}り{合|あ}った。", "en": "We talked late into the night.", "tatoeba_id": 185513 }, { "ja": "彼はしばしば夜更けまで読書する。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はしばしば{夜更|よふ}けまで{読書|どくしょ}する。", "en": "He often reads far into the night.", "tatoeba_id": 113566 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d4e6887098f6aeaab99120fb33a1e068ba5298a6669ad9c90fcd0c2a4d4c4f15", "meanings": [ "深夜" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "我々は夜更けまで語り合った。", "zh": "我们聊到深夜。" }, { "ja": "彼はしばしば夜更けまで読書する。", "zh": "他经常读书到深夜。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/601e4974f7", "JMdict ent_seq 1606010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bee5b2e9c799068246c59171c43d5d85aa48ce897ddf96fbdd36b8469c7ff778" } }, { "id": "8d99b1a5b4", "word": "読み上げる", "reading": "よみあげる", "romaji": "yomiageru", "meanings": [ "to read out loud (and clearly)", "to call a roll" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1456260, "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼らに向かってそれを読み上げる以外に仕方がなかった。", "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{彼|かれ}らに{向|む}かってそれを{読|よ}み{上|あ}げる{以外|いがい}に{仕方|しかた}がなかった。", "en": "I had no choice but to read it out to them.", "tatoeba_id": 153705 }, { "ja": "私がこの本を読み上げるのに約１時間かかった。", "en": "It took me about an hour to read this book through.", "tatoeba_id": 168025 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "9be77bd2930b69c7c06dca28c1255c168f4a4d9073928c0232d401a9fdd94a14", "meanings": [ "朗读" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私は彼らに向かってそれを読み上げる以外に仕方がなかった。", "zh": "我只好向他们读出来。" }, { "ja": "私がこの本を読み上げるのに約１時間かかった。", "zh": "我花了约一小时读完这本书。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8d99b1a5b4", "JMdict ent_seq 1456260; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e00f14cb915256932a1ffff03aef3d436a7db13308ea1fd4aca196d7f8e9a19b" } }, { "id": "fe91926aad", "word": "寄り掛かる", "reading": "よりかかる", "romaji": "yorikakaru", "meanings": [ "to lean against", "to recline on", "to lean on", "to rely on" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1606110, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は手すりに寄りかかっていました。", "en": "He was leaning against the rail.", "tatoeba_id": 104504 }, { "ja": "彼は疲れたので壁に寄りかかった。", "en": "He leaned against the wall as he was tired.", "tatoeba_id": 100762 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8047b7f43fd5e92607020a431e3093ee74ded378aa83925304994058331ae510", "meanings": [ "倚靠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は手すりに寄りかかっていました。", "zh": "他靠在栏杆上。" }, { "ja": "彼は疲れたので壁に寄りかかった。", "zh": "他累了，靠在墙上。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fe91926aad", "JMdict ent_seq 1606110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c7af3e765ea831e6598bf8575a988e22f367da06a1a75f14783541aff906b398" } }, { "id": "16deaaa427", "word": "弱まる", "reading": "よわまる", "romaji": "yowamaru", "meanings": [ "to abate", "to weaken", "to be emaciated", "to be dejected", "to be perplexed" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1324580, "examples": [ { "ja": "あらしの勢いが弱まった。", "furigana": "あらしの{勢|いきお}いが{弱|よわ}まった。", "en": "The storm abated.", "tatoeba_id": 230064 }, { "ja": "委員会での彼の影響力は弱まっていった。", "furigana": "{委員会|いいんかい}での{彼|かれ}の{影響力|えいきょうりょく}は{弱|よわ}まっていった。", "en": "His influence in the committee became weaker and weaker.", "tatoeba_id": 191117 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fef431758df16a1c0418d48e4d66ea8aabc5040a213ff2fe0ee619eca6fd981e", "meanings": [ "减弱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あらしの勢いが弱まった。", "zh": "风暴的势头减弱了。" }, { "ja": "委員会での彼の影響力は弱まっていった。", "zh": "他在委员会的影响力逐渐减弱。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/16deaaa427", "JMdict ent_seq 1324580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6be1d145ee507641d0814a01808a5995d6c9b96ed0e63b3652c1724f0f69c3d8" } }, { "id": "fd3790e0c9", "word": "弱める", "reading": "よわめる", "romaji": "yowameru", "meanings": [ "to weaken" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v1", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1324590, "examples": [ { "ja": "大きなかしわの木が風の力を弱めている。", "furigana": "{大|おお}きなかしわの{木|き}が{風|かぜ}の{力|ちから}を{弱|よわ}めている。", "en": "The big oak tree breaks the force of the wind.", "tatoeba_id": 137749 }, { "ja": "台風は勢力を弱め嵐に変わった。", "furigana": "{台風|たいふう}は{勢力|せいりょく}を{弱|よわ}め{嵐|あらし}に{変|か}わった。", "en": "The typhoon became weaker and changed into a storm.", "tatoeba_id": 137779 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "634537acb0da89f655616c7d96c7f198e5d5bef2d2debafc6d5babc0a95d900f", "meanings": [ "削弱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "大きなかしわの木が風の力を弱めている。", "zh": "大橡树减弱了风力。" }, { "ja": "台風は勢力を弱め嵐に変わった。", "zh": "台风减弱，变成了风暴。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fd3790e0c9", "JMdict ent_seq 1324590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "125c500ac7dde83f5d587f342218ae94be7a96a6f3d1eb0b7451783af71eead0" } }, { "id": "215bd62d34", "word": "弱る", "reading": "よわる", "romaji": "yowaru", "meanings": [ "to weaken", "to be troubled", "to be downcast", "to be emaciated", "to be dejected", "to be perplexed", "to impair" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5r", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1324650, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は寄る年波で弱った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{寄|よ}る{年波|としなみ}で{弱|よわ}った。", "en": "He sank under the weight of age.", "tatoeba_id": 108633 }, { "ja": "電池が弱ってきているのでうまく動かない。", "furigana": "{電池|でんち}が{弱|よわ}ってきているのでうまく{動|うご}かない。", "en": "It doesn't work so well because the batteries are running down.", "tatoeba_id": 124769 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fae72e8d0e62e777049632c3eda7a2244e866c82e9e39e6782202405835608f9", "meanings": [ "衰弱", "为难" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は寄る年波で弱った。", "zh": "他因年老而衰弱。" }, { "ja": "電池が弱ってきているのでうまく動かない。", "zh": "电池电力变弱，无法正常运作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/215bd62d34", "JMdict ent_seq 1324650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e5082a2d2947d897a0ce3cf67d83ee1a234b4ff364c4e68a8f819d91fc5b96f3" } }, { "id": "c83e444029", "word": "来場", "reading": "らいじょう", "romaji": "raijou", "meanings": [ "attendance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1585050, "examples": [ { "ja": "多くの人が会場に来場した。", "en": "Many people attended the venue." }, { "ja": "皆様のご来場に感謝します。", "en": "Thank you all for attending." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1bacb9da43dc3bf55658111d6fd68f1aeebe6453952d334c422d2ce1cd7874ac", "meanings": [ "到场" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "多くの人が会場に来場した。", "zh": "许多人来到会场。" }, { "ja": "皆様のご来場に感謝します。", "zh": "感谢各位到场。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c83e444029", "JMdict ent_seq 1585050; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8df36424a0d7820e9a33c7a04d758f3f6b6ed7df0de67b540fa9de2e0be60d28" } }, { "id": "8778116f3a", "word": "ライス", "reading": "ライス", "romaji": "raisu", "meanings": [ "rice" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1137820, "examples": [ { "ja": "ライスとキャベツをお代わりお願いします。", "furigana": "ライスとキャベツをお{代|か}わりお{願|ねが}いします。", "en": "Can I have seconds on rice and cabbage?", "tatoeba_id": 192668 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f8d5784b0141fef945463e2c6b09ea63344f418096e5ca4819fd5a1c07dfa9be", "meanings": [ "米饭" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ライスとキャベツをお代わりお願いします。", "zh": "请再给我一份米饭和卷心菜。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8778116f3a", "JMdict ent_seq 1137820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3a6e1a8c448b0761ed097e33067d3272faf9f4c6b5c97334005b597e2aab2878" } }, { "id": "aff35fe459", "word": "酪農", "reading": "らくのう", "romaji": "rakunou", "meanings": [ "dairy (farm)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1548890, "examples": [ { "ja": "この地域では酪農が行われている。", "en": "Dairy farming is practiced in this region." }, { "ja": "彼女は農場で酪農を学んだ。", "en": "She learned dairy farming on a farm." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0646a1376ab4e9ba7cc0bb2c40958e29226a3848c278bd2074bab49adbba332c", "meanings": [ "乳品业", "奶牛业" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この地域では酪農が行われている。", "zh": "这个地区从事奶牛业。" }, { "ja": "彼女は農場で酪農を学んだ。", "zh": "她在农场学习乳品业。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aff35fe459", "JMdict ent_seq 1548890; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d15f54163f7beadb555f29fd7f9fe4e17d0938250c8d04f883ea9d7e283fa51b" } }, { "id": "ed1c4e0b8b", "word": "落下", "reading": "らっか", "romaji": "rakka", "meanings": [ "fall", "drop", "come down" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1548650, "examples": [ { "ja": "アダムは岩登りをしている時に、落下してあしを折りました。", "furigana": "アダムは{岩登|いわのぼ}りをしている{時|とき}に、{落下|らっか}してあしを{折|お}りました。", "en": "While Adam was rock-climbing, he fell and broke his leg.", "tatoeba_id": 234372 }, { "ja": "この穴はいん石の落下でできたものです。", "en": "This hole was formed by a falling meteorite.", "tatoeba_id": 222173 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b2cf7afba6f458850ac3da17a6ff55d3dbe5de2c399c1aded7f9df0e8f33084a", "meanings": [ "落下", "坠落" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アダムは岩登りをしている時に、落下してあしを折りました。", "zh": "亚当爬岩石时摔下来，摔断了腿。" }, { "ja": "この穴はいん石の落下でできたものです。", "zh": "这个坑是陨石坠落形成的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ed1c4e0b8b", "JMdict ent_seq 1548650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e3ef9eaa3d1324f38ce50f61190c253d1dfdbf91dd22ad40e10e4da7da6f1571" } }, { "id": "4e80000648", "word": "楽観", "reading": "らっかん", "romaji": "rakkan", "meanings": [ "optimism" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1207310, "examples": [ { "ja": "父は私の楽観を乱さないことにした。", "en": "My father chose not to disturb my optimism.", "tatoeba_id": 84491 }, { "ja": "どちらかというと彼は物事を楽観する方だ。", "furigana": "どちらかというと{彼|かれ}は{物事|ものごと}を{楽観|らっかん}する{方|かた}だ。", "en": "He is rather optimistic.", "tatoeba_id": 200819 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "95eb55d5444750f9048d72a18f5c03dcea3791f7a000006b5116678a107176f8", "meanings": [ "乐观" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "父は私の楽観を乱さないことにした。", "zh": "父亲决定不破坏我的乐观情绪。" }, { "ja": "どちらかというと彼は物事を楽観する方だ。", "zh": "他更倾向于乐观看待事物。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4e80000648", "JMdict ent_seq 1207310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6523c20524bd3a714976bd3b49b8c55de6b26c595c935ba724615a8ebc0caffd" } }, { "id": "9471e53797", "word": "ラベル", "reading": "ラベル", "romaji": "raberu", "meanings": [ "label" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1139720, "examples": [ { "ja": "このラベルは簡単につきますよ。", "en": "This label sticks easily.", "tatoeba_id": 223028 }, { "ja": "店員はその荷物にラベルをつけた。", "furigana": "{店員|てんいん}はその{荷物|にもつ}にラベルをつけた。", "en": "The clerk labeled the baggage.", "tatoeba_id": 124975 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8221fe2d3838c61e2cc55fa243e8388e5ea79958328d871f4116ec6a328b1837", "meanings": [ "标签" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このラベルは簡単につきますよ。", "zh": "这个标签很容易贴上。" }, { "ja": "店員はその荷物にラベルをつけた。", "zh": "店员给那件行李贴了标签。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9471e53797", "JMdict ent_seq 1139720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a45aab02cce2ffd5ba7dee818fe20971de1729f3f830e4aa07a111c76c28d7c6" } }, { "id": "d0cc8bf9a9", "word": "ランプ", "reading": "ランプ", "romaji": "ranpu", "meanings": [ "lamp", "ramp", "headlight", "light" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1140360, "examples": [ { "ja": "机の上にランプがある。", "en": "There is a lamp on the desk." }, { "ja": "警告ランプが点灯した。", "en": "The warning lamp lit up." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d41d3f8fb2203c1d38441699ad655693996b0c596d8d36c05c1844d71c154373", "meanings": [ "灯" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "机の上にランプがある。", "zh": "桌上有一盏灯。" }, { "ja": "警告ランプが点灯した。", "zh": "警告灯亮了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d0cc8bf9a9", "JMdict ent_seq 1140360; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "eb8716d6225158f8c674fc326d024e19fe826fdb1e2ba07edf9de19a23ee7090" } }, { "id": "a6fba53840", "word": "濫用", "reading": "らんよう", "romaji": "ran'you", "meanings": [ "abuse", "misuse", "misappropriation", "using to excess" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1549120, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は特権を乱用したに違いない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{特権|とっけん}を{乱用|らんよう}したに{違|ちが}いない。", "en": "He must have abused the privilege.", "tatoeba_id": 101617 }, { "ja": "課長は職権を乱用することが好きなようだね。", "furigana": "{課長|かちょう}は{職権|しょっけん}を{乱用|らんよう}することが{好|す}きなようだね。", "en": "The section chief seems to like abusing his authority.", "tatoeba_id": 145969 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "caa6f58bcd4a7cc8905e41953d15e395a72db63a35af978bde3fd57d9e85b893", "meanings": [ "滥用" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は特権を乱用したに違いない。", "zh": "他一定滥用了特权。" }, { "ja": "課長は職権を乱用することが好きなようだね。", "zh": "课长似乎喜欢滥用职权。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a6fba53840", "JMdict ent_seq 1549120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5d37678c751d9b362b89b7bf9f822ee3a2834d997d61b6d2941dc27976af454b" } }, { "id": "7d5268e159", "word": "理屈", "reading": "りくつ", "romaji": "rikutsu", "meanings": [ "theory", "reason" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1606240, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその理屈がわからないほどばかではない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はその{理屈|りくつ}がわからないほどばかではない。", "en": "He is too wise not to see the reason.", "tatoeba_id": 112302 }, { "ja": "彼女は理屈の上でしか貧乏を知らない。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}は{理屈|りくつ}の{上|うえ}でしか{貧乏|びんぼう}を{知|し}らない。", "en": "She knows poverty only in the abstract.", "tatoeba_id": 86312 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e83d937c4a9ca6d66a5c0b49c6cd25aae1bce6bb577d4ff62bed95ccee0aa3ee", "meanings": [ "道理", "理论" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその理屈がわからないほどばかではない。", "zh": "他还没笨到不懂那个道理。" }, { "ja": "彼女は理屈の上でしか貧乏を知らない。", "zh": "她只在理论上了解贫穷。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7d5268e159", "JMdict ent_seq 1606240; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1031246ddd23c5ae0ef7497a1a2770bcc73ba07c86b08bdb2ee37111ac6b1af6" } }, { "id": "f045f3fdfe", "word": "利根", "reading": "りこん", "romaji": "rikon", "meanings": [ "intelligence" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1758380, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の利根が称賛された。", "en": "His cleverness was praised." }, { "ja": "彼女は利根で知られた。", "en": "She was known for her intelligence." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "88e4010f1c3e75a4f298abc7c94f895e16707c73c28afa43e5ecac6b0e359dbd", "meanings": [ "聪明" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼の利根が称賛された。", "zh": "他的聪明受到赞赏。" }, { "ja": "彼女は利根で知られた。", "zh": "她以聪慧闻名。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f045f3fdfe", "JMdict ent_seq 1758380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "dc8775de87cbf43557d8923c372cb3761e79ba0775cd2db002849563935f82d5" } }, { "id": "9ea667e1d8", "word": "利子", "reading": "りし", "romaji": "rishi", "meanings": [ "interest (bank)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1549560, "examples": [ { "ja": "この貸付金は高い利子をとられることになっている。", "furigana": "この{貸付金|かしつけきん}は{高|たか}い{利子|りし}をとられることになっている。", "en": "This loan will carry very heavy interest.", "tatoeba_id": 220676 }, { "ja": "彼女はそのローンに７％の利子を払った。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はそのローンに７％の{利子|りし}を{払|はら}った。", "en": "She paid seven percent interest on the loan.", "tatoeba_id": 92562 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bec898e99615433d9463e3e7d66c35ea22c208e0e1678810da40c748762d885e", "meanings": [ "利息" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この貸付金は高い利子をとられることになっている。", "zh": "这笔贷款要收高额利息。" }, { "ja": "彼女はそのローンに７％の利子を払った。", "zh": "她为那笔贷款支付了百分之七的利息。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9ea667e1d8", "JMdict ent_seq 1549560; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "88a607528bd49507c6aa71644ba62dac995a0092cc80022657af7448c9821b8b" } }, { "id": "5b1c5016f7", "word": "利潤", "reading": "りじゅん", "romaji": "rijun", "meanings": [ "profit", "returns" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1549580, "examples": [ { "ja": "もちろん利潤は生産費を上回るべきです。", "furigana": "もちろん{利潤|りじゅん}は{生産費|せいさんひ}を{上回|うわまわ}るべきです。", "en": "Benefits of course should exceed the costs.", "tatoeba_id": 193354 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b8b1600adb75db410a7454f6bc45ad86bee8271d3b8fc2dbf56c71783ca01a39", "meanings": [ "利润" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "もちろん利潤は生産費を上回るべきです。", "zh": "当然利润应该超过生产成本。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5b1c5016f7", "JMdict ent_seq 1549580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3478380fa2de98b36da54459570ac9bd7949d4ad8fe5a1288500f7f84e40819a" } }, { "id": "f04b9925b7", "word": "理性", "reading": "りせい", "romaji": "risei", "meanings": [ "reason", "sense" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1550010, "examples": [ { "ja": "人間には理性があるが動物には無い。", "furigana": "{人間|にんげん}には{理性|りせい}があるが{動物|どうぶつ}には{無|な}い。", "en": "Man has reason, animals do not.", "tatoeba_id": 144359 }, { "ja": "その不幸が彼女から理性を奪った。", "furigana": "その{不幸|ふこう}が{彼女|かのじょ}から{理性|りせい}を{奪|うば}った。", "en": "The misfortune deprived her of her reason.", "tatoeba_id": 207039 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "882d0b3f76bc9648bd28fc3d37a334e4c414e3680d69b8d8eaaea584dcda156b", "meanings": [ "理性" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人間には理性があるが動物には無い。", "zh": "人有理性，动物没有。" }, { "ja": "その不幸が彼女から理性を奪った。", "zh": "那场不幸使她失去了理性。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/f04b9925b7", "JMdict ent_seq 1550010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6224a10e0aa97368ffeaa8e7c558c14bb31445deb91700f001f233582771eb66" } }, { "id": "105141ee39", "word": "利息", "reading": "りそく", "romaji": "risoku", "meanings": [ "interest (bank)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1549600, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は利息を付けて借金払いをした。", "en": "He paid the loan with interest.", "tatoeba_id": 99083 }, { "ja": "銀行は利息をとって金を貸してくれる。", "furigana": "{銀行|ぎんこう}は{利息|りそく}をとって{金|かね}を{貸|か}してくれる。", "en": "A bank lends us money at interest.", "tatoeba_id": 179559 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "127eccb9fe3764fe8db1e83b3e742aeeae1e6189c89f1514af4530b18e26801b", "meanings": [ "利息" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は利息を付けて借金払いをした。", "zh": "他连利息一起还了债。" }, { "ja": "銀行は利息をとって金を貸してくれる。", "zh": "银行收取利息后借钱。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/105141ee39", "JMdict ent_seq 1549600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "272d735195d2fed8449f306c1c3855de32c8a217adde2b845492605be3ea85cd" } }, { "id": "16f60442c8", "word": "立体", "reading": "りったい", "romaji": "rittai", "meanings": [ "solid body" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1551740, "examples": [ { "ja": "この模型は立体だ。", "en": "This model is three-dimensional." }, { "ja": "子どもが立体の図形を作った。", "en": "The child made a three-dimensional shape." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "034f27566c5084a4902526e2ced846824d1acd3152902101d1b733b89755905c", "meanings": [ "立体" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この模型は立体だ。", "zh": "这个模型是立体的。" }, { "ja": "子どもが立体の図形を作った。", "zh": "孩子制作了立体图形。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/16f60442c8", "JMdict ent_seq 1551740; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a9806970220bb31acd78602dd5dcf355415c7eaa2299031948811fade25494f3" } }, { "id": "a46a045f8b", "word": "立法", "reading": "りっぽう", "romaji": "rippou", "meanings": [ "legislation", "lawmaking" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1551840, "examples": [ { "ja": "国会は立法を担当する。", "en": "The Diet is responsible for lawmaking." }, { "ja": "新しい立法が成立した。", "en": "New legislation was enacted." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "88d8651639b2ed7769fa4a69adfa2c0eaadccc37e8e1a4fbb77a98e45b0b49fb", "meanings": [ "立法" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "国会は立法を担当する。", "zh": "国会负责立法。" }, { "ja": "新しい立法が成立した。", "zh": "新的立法已经通过。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a46a045f8b", "JMdict ent_seq 1551840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c93cce1ad92c907fa476c2ab136a3288a500397457b44aeeb598355d3953dc45" } }, { "id": "93039ef052", "word": "利点", "reading": "りてん", "romaji": "riten", "meanings": [ "advantage", "point in favor" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1549620, "examples": [ { "ja": "我々の計画には多くの利点がある。", "furigana": "{我々|われわれ}の{計画|けいかく}には{多|おお}くの{利点|りてん}がある。", "en": "Our plan has lots of advantages.", "tatoeba_id": 186292 }, { "ja": "若さにはそれなりの利点がある。", "furigana": "{若|わか}さにはそれなりの{利点|りてん}がある。", "en": "Youth has its advantages.", "tatoeba_id": 148766 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b2cada118d20fa66cd33bd00714c47f74377e37a9021f289779cc07a5dc0e3f4", "meanings": [ "优点" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "我々の計画には多くの利点がある。", "zh": "我们的计划有很多优点。" }, { "ja": "若さにはそれなりの利点がある。", "zh": "年轻自有其优势。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/93039ef052", "JMdict ent_seq 1549620; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "e9a76ac9576d55f9c9b14523d789d645827b156473b6e426e77f95d84835773d" } }, { "id": "09ead8c70e", "word": "略語", "reading": "りゃくご", "romaji": "ryakugo", "meanings": [ "abbreviation", "acronym" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1551990, "examples": [ { "ja": "Ａｐｒ．はＡｐｒｉｌ（４月）の略語です。", "en": "Apr. is an abbreviation for April.", "tatoeba_id": 234884 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e0660764fc617ba540c39a1ecd42fd0ede64b5204eb4fe3d88d95a05bc536c09", "meanings": [ "缩写" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "Ａｐｒ．はＡｐｒｉｌ（４月）の略語です。", "zh": "Apr.是April（四月）的缩写。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/09ead8c70e", "JMdict ent_seq 1551990; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "40ef642fc0c560d29d433ca4b9a384a384ac397e549364d295a352205c625956" } }, { "id": "1389b25f13", "word": "略奪", "reading": "りゃくだつ", "romaji": "ryakudatsu", "meanings": [ "pillage", "plunder", "looting", "robbery" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1606250, "examples": [ { "ja": "政府役人の豪邸が略奪された。", "furigana": "{政府|せいふ}{役人|やくにん}の{豪邸|ごうてい}が{略奪|りゃくだつ}された。", "en": "A government official's stately mansion was looted.", "tatoeba_id": 143056 }, { "ja": "軍隊が村を略奪した。", "en": "The army looted the village." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5d4efd2470f7041025130656aebc00e7fc1b6b650300aceb8ea6eca1b3793ed3", "meanings": [ "掠夺" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "政府役人の豪邸が略奪された。", "zh": "政府官员的豪宅被洗劫了。" }, { "ja": "軍隊が村を略奪した。", "zh": "军队掠夺了村庄。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1389b25f13", "JMdict ent_seq 1606250; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "568a18b73e15d74118ea9e9e0ff4064d2900e25566098a18be82e9b549a40e6f" } }, { "id": "27d78c0d94", "word": "流", "reading": "りゅう", "romaji": "ryuu", "meanings": [ "styleof", "method of", "manner of" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1552090, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は池坊流の生け花を習う。", "en": "She studies ikebana in the Ikenobo school." }, { "ja": "彼は自分流のやり方で働く。", "en": "He works in his own way." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "26074ff76ce1dbf0ad84b4fd2bf0e826ea22465f0f9bd58c1f3bf31016cb2e2c", "meanings": [ "流派", "方式" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女は池坊流の生け花を習う。", "zh": "她学习池坊流的插花。" }, { "ja": "彼は自分流のやり方で働く。", "zh": "他用自己的方式工作。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/27d78c0d94", "JMdict ent_seq 1552090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bcb0721b3113dede1576e8b40bdda1fd340794b131281b9f8a3c3365b2fe70d8" } }, { "id": "75af206529", "word": "流通", "reading": "りゅうつう", "romaji": "ryuutsuu", "meanings": [ "circulation of money or goods", "flow of water or air", "distribution" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1552440, "examples": [ { "ja": "よって流通するマネーが減り、物価上昇は鎮静化する。", "en": "Thus money in circulation drops, and price escalation quietens down.", "tatoeba_id": 74343 }, { "ja": "貨幣は銀行制度を通じて流通する。", "en": "Money circulates through the banking system.", "tatoeba_id": 186520 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "da826e906e222873dad36e26f3a04e49e6b5e130d5079f79901ffe373071037c", "meanings": [ "流通" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "よって流通するマネーが減り、物価上昇は鎮静化する。", "zh": "因此流通的货币减少，物价上涨得到抑制。" }, { "ja": "貨幣は銀行制度を通じて流通する。", "zh": "货币通过银行体系流通。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/75af206529", "JMdict ent_seq 1552440; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ce61a2625e8f22a8ede41d2b70e98dd9be84c0ec1f3c43c5a4a17dc1c0eac7ed" } }, { "id": "6325479166", "word": "了", "reading": "りょう", "romaji": "ryou", "meanings": [ "finish", "completion", "understanding" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1553290, "examples": [ { "ja": "会議は了となった。", "en": "The meeting came to an end." }, { "ja": "点検了の後に知らせてください。", "en": "Please notify me after the inspection is complete." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ef1954066729e4015b32aa4ae007e80e6a3241d48889a445e0b827cb2a020409", "meanings": [ "完成", "结束" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "会議は了となった。", "zh": "会议结束了。" }, { "ja": "点検了の後に知らせてください。", "zh": "检查完毕后请通知我。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6325479166", "JMdict ent_seq 1553290; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6e3cb56b9a7bf4b9c53e1722f6f3d67270fc8be45cd3a35dade03e52f895013d" } }, { "id": "a434acf5bd", "word": "料", "reading": "りょう", "romaji": "ryou", "meanings": [ "material", "charge", "rate", "fee" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n-suf", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1554270, "examples": [ { "ja": "貴重な思い出料としては安いものですよ。", "en": "That'll make for a memorable time.", "tatoeba_id": 183034 }, { "ja": "キャンセル料３割もとられるんだって。", "furigana": "キャンセル{料|りょう}３{割|わり}もとられるんだって。", "en": "Apparently there's a cancellation charge of 30 percent.", "tatoeba_id": 225812 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "411495237d17e952c640a211e41d5c0c23f8e6287af8399f8518e7799e6c870c", "meanings": [ "费用", "材料" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "貴重な思い出料としては安いものですよ。", "zh": "作为珍贵回忆的费用，这很便宜。" }, { "ja": "キャンセル料３割もとられるんだって。", "zh": "听说要收取三成取消费。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/a434acf5bd", "JMdict ent_seq 1554270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3edcf9526dea62994802724b9e5f5c24cf2ad93d5220adbbc292f218c426c69d" } }, { "id": "3e37fcff5a", "word": "領域", "reading": "りょういき", "romaji": "ryouiki", "meanings": [ "area", "domain", "territory", "field", "region", "regime" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1554720, "examples": [ { "ja": "かかわってくる問題は経済学の領域をはるかに越えている。", "furigana": "かかわってくる{問題|もんだい}は{経済学|けいざいがく}の{領域|りょういき}をはるかに{越|こ}えている。", "en": "The questions involved go far beyond economics.", "tatoeba_id": 226434 }, { "ja": "自然はあらゆる領域で侵されている。", "furigana": "{自然|しぜん}はあらゆる{領域|りょういき}で{侵|おか}されている。", "en": "Nature is under attack on all fronts.", "tatoeba_id": 150096 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0d2d5cbb37731db2ecf55e64454f8c70fdf571b32450ed669c6346c7b82b1ed7", "meanings": [ "领域" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "かかわってくる問題は経済学の領域をはるかに越えている。", "zh": "涉及的问题远远超出经济学领域。" }, { "ja": "自然はあらゆる領域で侵されている。", "zh": "自然在所有领域都受到侵犯。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3e37fcff5a", "JMdict ent_seq 1554720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6db3ce1123c6782ea7ba9acd23a3dee4358095c524382596c9f04722c4fe916e" } }, { "id": "8c9facae6d", "word": "了解", "reading": "りょうかい", "romaji": "ryoukai", "meanings": [ "comprehension", "consent", "understanding", "roger (on the radio)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1553310, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はゆっくりうなずいて了解の意を示した。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はゆっくりうなずいて{了解|りょうかい}の{意|い}を{示|しめ}した。", "en": "He nodded slowly in comprehension.", "tatoeba_id": 110486 }, { "ja": "「とりあえず店の前、掃除しといてくれ」「了解！」「打ち水も頼む」", "furigana": "「とりあえず{店|みせ}の{前|まえ}、{掃除|そうじ}しといてくれ」「{了解|りょうかい}！」「{打|う}ち{水|みず}も{頼|たの}む」", "en": "\"Clean up in front of the shop first.\" \"OK!\" \"Sprinkle some water out there too.\"", "tatoeba_id": 237436 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2e0b917a0dd0d138ef659523d25bf65f719a482ac69f40e413416e6e8fafddfe", "meanings": [ "了解", "同意" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はゆっくりうなずいて了解の意を示した。", "zh": "他慢慢点头表示理解。" }, { "ja": "「とりあえず店の前、掃除しといてくれ」「了解！」「打ち水も頼む」", "zh": "“先把店前打扫一下。”“明白！”“也请洒水。”" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8c9facae6d", "JMdict ent_seq 1553310; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3ba879235bbdd3981cf858b630601d566efdef72afcad79e99fe587276e901d6" } }, { "id": "b03689d9fa", "word": "領海", "reading": "りょうかい", "romaji": "ryoukai", "meanings": [ "territorial waters" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1612270, "examples": [ { "ja": "船が領海に入った。", "en": "The ship entered territorial waters." }, { "ja": "国は自国の領海を守る。", "en": "A country protects its territorial waters." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2d3c89cfb0c6d590e1393675a98988eddd8b4bee45b7be77beeda861c514816d", "meanings": [ "领海" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "船が領海に入った。", "zh": "船进入了领海。" }, { "ja": "国は自国の領海を守る。", "zh": "国家守护自己的领海。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b03689d9fa", "JMdict ent_seq 1612270; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ecae25837954c74936cd43eef93e1b5257576f761ac26678a1bf892c0dabd690" } }, { "id": "864c7afe67", "word": "両極", "reading": "りょうきょく", "romaji": "ryoukyoku", "meanings": [ "both extremities", "north and south poles", "positive and negative poles" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1553520, "examples": [ { "ja": "電池には正負の両極がある。", "en": "A battery has positive and negative poles." }, { "ja": "意見は両極に分かれた。", "en": "Opinions split into two extremes." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "698d7d63ae8e55373aa684b4ee0c07b498a5218fe56cb95fa6f0b6ea6848a933", "meanings": [ "两极" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "電池には正負の両極がある。", "zh": "电池有正负两极。" }, { "ja": "意見は両極に分かれた。", "zh": "意见分成两个极端。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/864c7afe67", "JMdict ent_seq 1553520; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c96c20c5fc072fa8eaffae8fdcbc1e7cdf4979e2d6bc7e979d9a7d96cf8acd66" } }, { "id": "e6b6167d98", "word": "良好", "reading": "りょうこう", "romaji": "ryoukou", "meanings": [ "favorable", "satisfactory" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1554550, "examples": [ { "ja": "それに比べ最近彼女のお天気は良好。", "en": "In comparison to which she's been in a really good mood recently.", "tatoeba_id": 76607 }, { "ja": "今年のポマトの生育はおしなべて良好です。", "furigana": "{今年|ことし}のポマトの{生育|せいいく}はおしなべて{良好|りょうこう}です。", "en": "On the whole, the pomato plants are growing well this year.", "tatoeba_id": 76134 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a398fabb913e38f33144310334691ed657fecaaabc581b11c1ec30031de81bde", "meanings": [ "良好" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それに比べ最近彼女のお天気は良好。", "zh": "相比之下，最近她的心情很好。" }, { "ja": "今年のポマトの生育はおしなべて良好です。", "zh": "今年番茄马铃薯的生长总体良好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e6b6167d98", "JMdict ent_seq 1554550; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "466f9da6bf4b41554962cecf9030fd7df797bbafdfd07b357c736f1fd8ca7456" } }, { "id": "e0cafd1188", "word": "良識", "reading": "りょうしき", "romaji": "ryoushiki", "meanings": [ "good sense" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1554570, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は良識ある人です。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{良識|りょうしき}ある{人|ひと}です。", "en": "He is a person with good sense.", "tatoeba_id": 98939 }, { "ja": "彼は良識があると思いますか。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{良識|りょうしき}があると{思|おも}いますか。", "en": "Do you think he's sensible?", "tatoeba_id": 98938 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b7c4da2e3c9eceb7bc5b6b1ebf64ba81adeae860ab83a93a779b04949112e5c3", "meanings": [ "常识", "良知" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は良識ある人です。", "zh": "他是个有常识的人。" }, { "ja": "彼は良識があると思いますか。", "zh": "你觉得他有常识吗？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e0cafd1188", "JMdict ent_seq 1554570; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "6c90f19785fa062d4356c7516d97aea8c83f048212ce7cf9349608de72e09ea5" } }, { "id": "1450f6b908", "word": "良質", "reading": "りょうしつ", "romaji": "ryoushitsu", "meanings": [ "good quality", "superior quality" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "adj-no", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1554580, "examples": [ { "ja": "このテーブルは良質のオーク材でできている。", "furigana": "このテーブルは{良質|りょうしつ}のオーク{材|ざい}でできている。", "en": "This table is made of good oak.", "tatoeba_id": 223527 }, { "ja": "カナダは良質の小麦を生産する。", "furigana": "カナダは{良質|りょうしつ}の{小麦|こむぎ}を{生産|せいさん}する。", "en": "Canada produces good wheat.", "tatoeba_id": 226289 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1be8dba036d1c0e7cb898f02f451ce6ee648605d61f3901a11d1b7ffb0b18127", "meanings": [ "优质" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このテーブルは良質のオーク材でできている。", "zh": "这张桌子由优质橡木制成。" }, { "ja": "カナダは良質の小麦を生産する。", "zh": "加拿大生产优质小麦。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1450f6b908", "JMdict ent_seq 1554580; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f295c1cb0642600ec7ef883061c06037d1cbe3c3a3fd7831e1a4a45a3116e8e8" } }, { "id": "720dca0098", "word": "了承", "reading": "りょうしょう", "romaji": "ryoushou", "meanings": [ "acknowledgement", "understanding (e.g. please be understanding of the mess during our renovation)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1606280, "examples": [ { "ja": "この件についてのあなたのお求めを了承します。", "furigana": "この{件|けん}についてのあなたのお{求|もと}めを{了承|りょうしょう}します。", "en": "Your request of this matter has been accepted.", "tatoeba_id": 222158 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "aae1e0e1e3df28d24de073bbb9403db756cc289c7f0d7b7f0130a562953cad5f", "meanings": [ "理解", "同意" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この件についてのあなたのお求めを了承します。", "zh": "我同意你对这件事的请求。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/720dca0098", "JMdict ent_seq 1606280; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f00225aa0da21c7327995df4ea785776bbda426510d717f384b5d9f0b2f60edc" } }, { "id": "4863d88e91", "word": "良心", "reading": "りょうしん", "romaji": "ryoushin", "meanings": [ "conscience" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1554590, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は良心のとがめを感じた。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{良心|りょうしん}のとがめを{感|かん}じた。", "en": "He felt the pangs of conscience.", "tatoeba_id": 98937 }, { "ja": "良心を犠牲にして富を得るな。", "furigana": "{良心|りょうしん}を{犠牲|ぎせい}にして{富|とみ}を{得|え}るな。", "en": "Don't obtain wealth at the expense of your conscience.", "tatoeba_id": 77821 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7216bf4b0ca438060092b25030d071d56053cbc4c517f41b178cfaf5b80fcb38", "meanings": [ "良心" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は良心のとがめを感じた。", "zh": "他感到良心不安。" }, { "ja": "良心を犠牲にして富を得るな。", "zh": "不要牺牲良心去获得财富。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4863d88e91", "JMdict ent_seq 1554590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bb898467b8c7b19ad382cd432693f44e47776bf65304bedb17631d6aca597ebe" } }, { "id": "fa1720345c", "word": "領地", "reading": "りょうち", "romaji": "ryouchi", "meanings": [ "territory", "dominion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1554780, "examples": [ { "ja": "領主は領地を治めた。", "en": "The lord governed the domain." }, { "ja": "彼らは領地を守った。", "en": "They protected their territory." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "93564b00e68d4c1e2dae0ab66bcf1b39319cd64ba051c38a5059a23eaabcca2a", "meanings": [ "领地" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "領主は領地を治めた。", "zh": "领主管理着领地。" }, { "ja": "彼らは領地を守った。", "zh": "他们保护了自己的领地。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fa1720345c", "JMdict ent_seq 1554780; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4d5f3c3c09e3ac3bb2ade0f7bd9331d855a8fe68f93e8ebee9188a1c94be55fe" } }, { "id": "21cc63f32d", "word": "領土", "reading": "りょうど", "romaji": "ryoudo", "meanings": [ "dominion", "territory", "possession" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1554790, "examples": [ { "ja": "あの島はアメリカの領土です。", "furigana": "あの{島|しま}はアメリカの{領土|りょうど}です。", "en": "That island is American territory.", "tatoeba_id": 230525 }, { "ja": "軍は全領土を支配するのに成功した。", "furigana": "{軍|ぐん}は{全|ぜん}{領土|りょうど}を{支配|しはい}するのに{成功|せいこう}した。", "en": "The armed forces succeeded in occupying the entire territory.", "tatoeba_id": 176679 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e03b2959a5632e4b269251b9d252258165103d99bdf87984926fbcedc9d41817", "meanings": [ "领土" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの島はアメリカの領土です。", "zh": "那座岛是美国领土。" }, { "ja": "軍は全領土を支配するのに成功した。", "zh": "军队成功控制了全部领土。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/21cc63f32d", "JMdict ent_seq 1554790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "de9bcd2c1aeadfd3b5318772257e00820dd78f361a551dc66bbbdff31c8bda0d" } }, { "id": "17969345a9", "word": "両立", "reading": "りょうりつ", "romaji": "ryouritsu", "meanings": [ "compatibility", "coexistence", "standing together" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1554110, "examples": [ { "ja": "健康は節制と両立する。", "furigana": "{健康|けんこう}は{節制|せっせい}と{両立|りょうりつ}する。", "en": "Health coexists with temperance.", "tatoeba_id": 175473 }, { "ja": "理論と実践は常に両立するとは限らない。", "furigana": "{理論|りろん}と{実践|じっせん}は{常|つね}に{両立|りょうりつ}するとは{限|かぎ}らない。", "en": "Theory and practice do not always go together.", "tatoeba_id": 78355 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "3e7847c519e7cd84e79f1ae3cd76445e6d404c8282fa7d65201a7952fc94f580", "meanings": [ "兼容", "两立" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "健康は節制と両立する。", "zh": "健康与节制可以并存。" }, { "ja": "理論と実践は常に両立するとは限らない。", "zh": "理论与实践未必总能兼容。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/17969345a9", "JMdict ent_seq 1554110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9a829accb5af12e09893aa68b95a234fb76185173c26a1da02874909e123a251" } }, { "id": "e1864b7eb9", "word": "旅客", "reading": "りょかく", "romaji": "ryokaku", "meanings": [ "passenger (transport)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1553140, "examples": [ { "ja": "覆面をした男達が旅客を襲って金を奪った。", "en": "Masked men held up the passengers and robbed them of their money.", "tatoeba_id": 83850 }, { "ja": "旅客は歩道橋を使って路線を渡ってください。", "furigana": "{旅客|りょかく}は{歩道橋|ほどうきょう}を{使|つか}って{路線|ろせん}を{渡|わた}ってください。", "en": "Passengers must take the footbridge to cross the railroad tracks.", "tatoeba_id": 78194 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "081be73da3e08573dfbe2474310a17e62910bbfdcc4752bdd58a2deec0c7c424", "meanings": [ "旅客" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "覆面をした男達が旅客を襲って金を奪った。", "zh": "蒙面男子袭击旅客并抢走钱。" }, { "ja": "旅客は歩道橋を使って路線を渡ってください。", "zh": "旅客请使用人行天桥穿越铁路线。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e1864b7eb9", "JMdict ent_seq 1553140; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f7b64456ae67017ab90fb8fdd521e75b0ddd8c8c5b234a4ed7c804bc21ffea35" } }, { "id": "0d2ff54220", "word": "旅券", "reading": "りょけん", "romaji": "ryoken", "meanings": [ "passport" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1553160, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は旅券を提示した。", "en": "He presented his passport." }, { "ja": "旅券をどこかに置き忘れました。", "furigana": "{旅券|りょけん}をどこかに{置|お}き{忘|わす}れました。", "en": "I left my passport somewhere.", "tatoeba_id": 78191 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "522da9cfc32a157459a3e1aa81cf5e61943d67b23cc3a7ff0a8e4534b2dee6a4", "meanings": [ "护照" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は旅券を提示した。", "zh": "他出示了护照。" }, { "ja": "旅券をどこかに置き忘れました。", "zh": "我把护照忘在什么地方了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0d2ff54220", "JMdict ent_seq 1553160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1bd60b06fa7ade797b524bef3e37e9b59eb6952c3167d8d6e850fc5e0f3b2127" } }, { "id": "9e34a9d77a", "word": "履歴", "reading": "りれき", "romaji": "rireki", "meanings": [ "personal history", "background", "career", "log" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1549810, "examples": [ { "ja": "警察はその男の履歴を調べた。", "furigana": "{警察|けいさつ}はその{男|おとこ}の{履歴|りれき}を{調|しら}べた。", "en": "The police looked into the records of the man.", "tatoeba_id": 176224 }, { "ja": "彼の履歴についてはほとんど知られていない。", "en": "We know little of his personal history.", "tatoeba_id": 115905 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7e76c03ce37c7723d390a1ff786a33d0fec77e2f3490b9de8c47276586dd3164", "meanings": [ "经历", "记录" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "警察はその男の履歴を調べた。", "zh": "警方调查了那个男人的经历。" }, { "ja": "彼の履歴についてはほとんど知られていない。", "zh": "关于他的经历所知甚少。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/9e34a9d77a", "JMdict ent_seq 1549810; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "48572f2d6c13923f274e4e2d4c25452118f762ef0822a3a9457fd54724da4767" } }, { "id": "d0ffd0f38f", "word": "理論", "reading": "りろん", "romaji": "riron", "meanings": [ "theory" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1550160, "examples": [ { "ja": "その考えが彼の理論の基礎となっている。", "furigana": "その{考|かんが}えが{彼|かれ}の{理論|りろん}の{基礎|きそ}となっている。", "en": "The idea underlies his theory.", "tatoeba_id": 210707 }, { "ja": "理論と実践は相伴うとは限らない。", "furigana": "{理論|りろん}と{実践|じっせん}は{相伴|あいともな}うとは{限|かぎ}らない。", "en": "Theory and practice do not necessarily go together.", "tatoeba_id": 78354 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "bd8410366c3bbf238281677b0b1d7a2d4b3870d583aa7df9fe9ad097a1f68360", "meanings": [ "理论" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その考えが彼の理論の基礎となっている。", "zh": "那个想法成了他理论的基础。" }, { "ja": "理論と実践は相伴うとは限らない。", "zh": "理论与实践未必相伴。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d0ffd0f38f", "JMdict ent_seq 1550160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "70812824d7111424f72aebd612da42d6c0e75eb4f1a1ffb9c2bd78b2c9582eac" } }, { "id": "c0b0e43f57", "word": "輪", "reading": "りん", "romaji": "rin", "meanings": [ "counter for wheels and flowers" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "ctr" ], "jmdict_id": 1555700, "examples": [ { "ja": "花瓶に花が三輪ある。", "en": "There are three flowers in the vase." }, { "ja": "車には四輪ある。", "en": "A car has four wheels." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "ccab45b9dade2f134e125fbe8dcac952b263a1b40c92dbeaa44d20245ef5a3a6", "meanings": [ "轮", "朵" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "花瓶に花が三輪ある。", "zh": "花瓶里有三朵花。" }, { "ja": "車には四輪ある。", "zh": "汽车有四个轮子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c0b0e43f57", "JMdict ent_seq 1555700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "746a38b31c0516376e100b4d1bbfeefd0c77f44b3b1405f2ce76efa02936b288" } }, { "id": "63601d234c", "word": "林業", "reading": "りんぎょう", "romaji": "ringyou", "meanings": [ "forestry" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1555470, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は林業の仕事をしている。", "en": "He works in forestry." }, { "ja": "この地域では林業が盛んだ。", "en": "Forestry thrives in this region." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f5126fcc3d995b4694c7183318d2fc9acdb5fd6f41195ad2bfad06a2d5aadde0", "meanings": [ "林业" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は林業の仕事をしている。", "zh": "他从事林业工作。" }, { "ja": "この地域では林業が盛んだ。", "zh": "这个地区的林业很兴盛。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/63601d234c", "JMdict ent_seq 1555470; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3445ee27fa997609371f662c123c828d8d8b93345aa871496810bf5e8ee4f8e0" } }, { "id": "bbecf30aea", "word": "類似", "reading": "るいじ", "romaji": "ruiji", "meanings": [ "analogous" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1556100, "examples": [ { "ja": "その二つの実験は類似の結果を出した。", "furigana": "その{二|ふた}つの{実験|じっけん}は{類似|るいじ}の{結果|けっか}を{出|だ}した。", "en": "Those two experiments yielded similar results.", "tatoeba_id": 207386 }, { "ja": "この構成において、三角形の代わりに長方形を用いても類似の困難が生ずる。", "en": "We encounter similar difficulties when we substitute rectangles for triangles in this configuration.", "tatoeba_id": 221980 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e70177a1acb8c529a40dfd7dd0852581e6f7cf805fed8a1c701db44ea6e9ef32", "meanings": [ "类似" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その二つの実験は類似の結果を出した。", "zh": "那两个实验得出了类似的结果。" }, { "ja": "この構成において、三角形の代わりに長方形を用いても類似の困難が生ずる。", "zh": "在这个结构中，即使用矩形代替三角形，也会产生类似的困难。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bbecf30aea", "JMdict ent_seq 1556100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "825cf79ce22439cd91015eac36b99fa4171c383e205edcc5804c69e2300e2ffa" } }, { "id": "996bce1e41", "word": "類推", "reading": "るいすい", "romaji": "ruisui", "meanings": [ "analogy" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1556120, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は例から規則を類推した。", "en": "He inferred the rule by analogy from examples." }, { "ja": "安易に類推しないでください。", "en": "Please do not make easy analogies." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "767dff051f9fd18290aa52fec8f75fd148e2b3b617442835a2cbb5720ce7aa39", "meanings": [ "类推" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は例から規則を類推した。", "zh": "他从例子类推了规则。" }, { "ja": "安易に類推しないでください。", "zh": "请不要轻易类推。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/996bce1e41", "JMdict ent_seq 1556120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a61a90eceb2ae078a42c770807f3f6efb4b4720f456eb8a5272cee40e4b41f36" } }, { "id": "8cb7651d8e", "word": "ルーズ", "reading": "ルーズ", "romaji": "ruuzu", "meanings": [ "loose" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1143590, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はいつも時間にルーズだ。", "en": "She is always careless about time.", "tatoeba_id": 2414194 }, { "ja": "このシャツの形はルーズだ。", "en": "This shirt has a loose fit." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "428fa7497c882e5a6b0e4091a58f89c876719a42900f4f5b9465f524df88ba8a", "meanings": [ "散漫", "宽松" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はいつも時間にルーズだ。", "zh": "她总是不守时。" }, { "ja": "このシャツの形はルーズだ。", "zh": "这件衬衫的版型很宽松。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/8cb7651d8e", "JMdict ent_seq 1143590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ea5f2f01c5e91c58ec5a7f7e748ffcd0c08c7f758b6b4b3e250c758a34aad42c" } }, { "id": "118dd946b4", "word": "ルール", "reading": "ルール", "romaji": "ruuru", "meanings": [ "rule" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1143920, "examples": [ { "ja": "このルールはすべての場合に当てはまる。", "furigana": "このルールはすべての{場合|ばあい}に{当|あ}てはまる。", "en": "This rule applies to all cases.", "tatoeba_id": 223017 }, { "ja": "交通ルールを守ることは大切だ。", "furigana": "{交通|こうつう}ルールを{守|まも}ることは{大切|たいせつ}だ。", "en": "Following traffic rules is important.", "tatoeba_id": 174160 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a01e5c13bf71d59b9f2989f4670b64f55cb346ab49bb0aad020de2e61aaeac4b", "meanings": [ "规则" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このルールはすべての場合に当てはまる。", "zh": "这条规则适用于所有情况。" }, { "ja": "交通ルールを守ることは大切だ。", "zh": "遵守交通规则很重要。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/118dd946b4", "JMdict ent_seq 1143920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a2c2bf80cbb6921fb9b17ae290de0f516448ad11fcb688754251037c6b546737" } }, { "id": "d6a5ec1c0b", "word": "冷酷", "reading": "れいこく", "romaji": "reikoku", "meanings": [ "cruelty", "coldheartedness", "relentless", "ruthless" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1556980, "examples": [ { "ja": "犬を叩くなんて彼は冷酷だ。", "furigana": "{犬|いぬ}を{叩|たた}くなんて{彼|かれ}は{冷酷|れいこく}だ。", "en": "It was cruel of him to beat his dog.", "tatoeba_id": 175222 }, { "ja": "彼の冷酷な言葉が今でも私の心の中でうずいている。", "en": "His bitter words still rankle in my mind.", "tatoeba_id": 115855 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "44fd12d05e45a2e95a860247cdae8a21fe4d02f0d3e1a550c0369146ca631616", "meanings": [ "冷酷" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "犬を叩くなんて彼は冷酷だ。", "zh": "他竟然打狗，真冷酷。" }, { "ja": "彼の冷酷な言葉が今でも私の心の中でうずいている。", "zh": "他冷酷的话至今仍刺痛我的心。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/d6a5ec1c0b", "JMdict ent_seq 1556980; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "c74116274a1358b2996f2efcb72f6a89508851c0c94f692c83fd1d2c01be9e09" } }, { "id": "e6e8d718b9", "word": "冷蔵", "reading": "れいぞう", "romaji": "reizou", "meanings": [ "cold storage", "refrigeration" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1557100, "examples": [ { "ja": "牛乳は冷蔵してください。", "en": "Please refrigerate the milk." }, { "ja": "これらの食品は冷蔵が必要だ。", "en": "These foods require refrigeration." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f149031cb8a3f4aaad61fc738151b7600228839c2cc4988266ad39f39e9a0dda", "meanings": [ "冷藏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "牛乳は冷蔵してください。", "zh": "请把牛奶冷藏。" }, { "ja": "これらの食品は冷蔵が必要だ。", "zh": "这些食品需要冷藏。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e6e8d718b9", "JMdict ent_seq 1557100; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "42697174169714c4942217050e5c24c993d211820944b8cbacebed3a61e67f6d" } }, { "id": "47aa9c6d11", "word": "冷淡", "reading": "れいたん", "romaji": "reitan", "meanings": [ "coolness", "indifference" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1557150, "examples": [ { "ja": "私の演説は冷淡な沈黙で迎えられた。", "en": "My speech was greeted with cold silence.", "tatoeba_id": 164036 }, { "ja": "彼は確かに利口ではあるが、冷淡でもある。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{確|たし}かに{利口|りこう}ではあるが、{冷淡|れいたん}でもある。", "en": "He is clever, no doubt, but he is cold, too.", "tatoeba_id": 108907 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a2a6e20c15393927713db016cc3e44f316094545ca7d1f557f052bca182c2e82", "meanings": [ "冷淡", "冷漠" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "私の演説は冷淡な沈黙で迎えられた。", "zh": "我的演说遭到了冷漠的沉默。" }, { "ja": "彼は確かに利口ではあるが、冷淡でもある。", "zh": "他确实聪明，但也冷淡。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/47aa9c6d11", "JMdict ent_seq 1557150; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ab21b266f9bed281a5919cc05915b7c532da43b2afab08d5cf61256247502564" } }, { "id": "77aabada2a", "word": "レース", "reading": "レース", "romaji": "reesu", "meanings": [ "race" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1144380, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はレースに勝った。", "en": "She won the race." }, { "ja": "レースは明日始まる。", "en": "The race starts tomorrow." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8edf766c58e626755c43d8b82c03fe629d9306698d067a5602ab8bd9ea007f3c", "meanings": [ "比赛" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼女はレースに勝った。", "zh": "她赢了比赛。" }, { "ja": "レースは明日始まる。", "zh": "比赛明天开始。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/77aabada2a", "JMdict ent_seq 1144380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "da745ea77d65e95e9575f55aa4cbb871e3447ad9fbd64fa26519260269df6cc0" } }, { "id": "4f878a51a9", "word": "レギュラー", "reading": "レギュラー", "romaji": "regyuraa", "meanings": [ "regular" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-f" ], "jmdict_id": 1144790, "examples": [ { "ja": "レギュラー満タンでお願いします。", "furigana": "レギュラー{満|まん}タンでお{願|ねが}いします。", "en": "Fill it with regular, please.", "tatoeba_id": 192362 }, { "ja": "彼はサッカー部のレギュラーだった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はサッカー{部|ぶ}のレギュラーだった。", "en": "He was a regular member of the soccer club.", "tatoeba_id": 113644 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b0a8469df5d6a154a63ddb222507cfae2544d7df08ce289021f023b24bef890c", "meanings": [ "普通", "正式队员" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "レギュラー満タンでお願いします。", "zh": "请加满普通汽油。" }, { "ja": "彼はサッカー部のレギュラーだった。", "zh": "他是足球队的正式队员。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/4f878a51a9", "JMdict ent_seq 1144790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d2035abf5ca943143e788e3513177a8cc1a371f4f43b829932338aa472f8a300" } }, { "id": "669651e81b", "word": "レクリエーション", "reading": "レクリエーション", "romaji": "rekurieeshon", "meanings": [ "recreation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1144860, "examples": [ { "ja": "スキーをすることは良いレクリエーションである。", "furigana": "スキーをすることは{良|よ}いレクリエーションである。", "en": "Skiing is a good form of recreation.", "tatoeba_id": 215007 }, { "ja": "この公園はリクリエーションにもってこいだ。", "furigana": "この{公園|こうえん}はリクリエーションにもってこいだ。", "en": "This park lends itself to recreation.", "tatoeba_id": 222000 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a28709c1cd99e089ef5b2d1a46040c21bfc3121241e4a2a54dfad8498da2a0ff", "meanings": [ "休闲活动" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "スキーをすることは良いレクリエーションである。", "zh": "滑雪是一项很好的休闲活动。" }, { "ja": "この公園はリクリエーションにもってこいだ。", "zh": "这个公园非常适合休闲。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/669651e81b", "JMdict ent_seq 1144860; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "315fed2d38eba5e04121128958a170a3282aa5d1bd93cdf0fb2677d243d0dbc2" } }, { "id": "49dae9ac22", "word": "レッスン", "reading": "レッスン", "romaji": "ressun", "meanings": [ "lesson" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1145510, "examples": [ { "ja": "このレッスンはやさしい事が分かるでしょう。", "furigana": "このレッスンはやさしい{事|こと}が{分|わ}かるでしょう。", "en": "You will find this lesson easy.", "tatoeba_id": 223000 }, { "ja": "どれくらいピアノのレッスンがありますか。", "en": "How often do you have your piano lessons?", "tatoeba_id": 199663 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "01263889ce0d97a119c21e322aba63a7fab9a0cb1d6f835d19631d48e494f5e1", "meanings": [ "课", "课程" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このレッスンはやさしい事が分かるでしょう。", "zh": "你会发现这节课很简单。" }, { "ja": "どれくらいピアノのレッスンがありますか。", "zh": "你有多少节钢琴课？" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/49dae9ac22", "JMdict ent_seq 1145510; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "eaef56e72407d09ccb385b5a663292fd741fbc06ba7a29adb3e98d2bf5b0a5c0" } }, { "id": "c7e4c9b610", "word": "レディー", "reading": "レディー", "romaji": "redii", "meanings": [ "lady" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1145590, "examples": [ { "ja": "そのレディーが部屋に入った。", "en": "The lady entered the room." }, { "ja": "レディーの皆様、紳士の皆様、こんばんは。", "en": "Good evening, ladies and gentlemen." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "07973e5874cb66fa300395529a4dfecac5d8726bdab36213c70e777ab3b3ef10", "meanings": [ "女士" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "そのレディーが部屋に入った。", "zh": "那位女士走进了房间。" }, { "ja": "レディーの皆様、紳士の皆様、こんばんは。", "zh": "女士们先生们，晚上好。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c7e4c9b610", "JMdict ent_seq 1145590; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "58f1a99c8bde11eddc3f4dac8d75a18fa6a1686f49da7f4d47d8162586d5c8e6" } }, { "id": "bfef822f66", "word": "レバー", "reading": "レバー", "romaji": "rebaa", "meanings": [ "liver" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1145720, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は焼いたレバーを注文した。", "en": "He ordered grilled liver." }, { "ja": "この料理にはレバーが入っている。", "en": "This dish contains liver." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "435f6dd36f5399899f22d30dc1767bc09adcbc7ea8bb54a7d9e5b7fc0686f931", "meanings": [ "肝脏" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は焼いたレバーを注文した。", "zh": "他点了烤肝。" }, { "ja": "この料理にはレバーが入っている。", "zh": "这道菜里有肝脏。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bfef822f66", "JMdict ent_seq 1145720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "此词条为肝脏 liver；操纵杆 lever 是同音外来词的另一词源。", "review_hash": "4a45590b784d9e977e862b8484c051ef848e8203da15b24083daca3a17db8a26" } }, { "id": "101cdef592", "word": "恋愛", "reading": "れんあい", "romaji": "ren'ai", "meanings": [ "love", "love-making", "passion", "emotion", "affections" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1558800, "examples": [ { "ja": "時は友情を深めるが、恋愛を弱める。", "furigana": "{時|とき}は{友情|ゆうじょう}を{深|ふか}めるが、{恋愛|れんあい}を{弱|よわ}める。", "en": "Time, which strengthens friendship, weakens love.", "tatoeba_id": 150649 }, { "ja": "恋愛と戦争では手段を選ばない。", "furigana": "{恋愛|れんあい}と{戦争|せんそう}では{手段|しゅだん}を{選|えら}ばない。", "en": "All's fair in love and war.", "tatoeba_id": 77440 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2e02ccb07d9d556bffee69c3da2701dfb2fb83ef9c80fc6465a95c9cec338440", "meanings": [ "恋爱" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "時は友情を深めるが、恋愛を弱める。", "zh": "时间加深友情，却削弱爱情。" }, { "ja": "恋愛と戦争では手段を選ばない。", "zh": "情场如战场，不择手段。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/101cdef592", "JMdict ent_seq 1558800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "1a7ea1c3f24661a4094f001c619a07a35095c26263a16d5db26c699bd1bdf4dd" } }, { "id": "1338a3f47d", "word": "連休", "reading": "れんきゅう", "romaji": "renkyuu", "meanings": [ "consecutive holidays" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1559380, "examples": [ { "ja": "今度の３連休には何をしますか。", "furigana": "{今度|こんど}の３{連休|れんきゅう}には{何|なに}をしますか。", "en": "How will you spend the coming three-day holiday?", "tatoeba_id": 172185 }, { "ja": "来週の月曜と火曜は連休だ。", "furigana": "{来週|らいしゅう}の{月曜|げつよう}と{火曜|かよう}は{連休|れんきゅう}だ。", "en": "Next Monday and Tuesday are consecutive holidays.", "tatoeba_id": 75673 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "b22d3d995620b569bf565eb9cd3d8b4a304ae90404db592b87d1d29eaa815dc9", "meanings": [ "连休" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "今度の３連休には何をしますか。", "zh": "这次三连休你做什么？" }, { "ja": "来週の月曜と火曜は連休だ。", "zh": "下周一和周二连休。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1338a3f47d", "JMdict ent_seq 1559380; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "81e682091df9e440e40eedb37077c7ee9595f9aceff3063ccfc0be6154df98c6" } }, { "id": "ca31bf8db3", "word": "レンジ", "reading": "レンジ", "romaji": "renji", "meanings": [ "range", "stove" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1146110, "examples": [ { "ja": "電子レンジで温めてください。", "en": "Please heat it in the microwave." }, { "ja": "このレンジは新しい。", "en": "This stove is new." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "57c1d20042e8e265d98d858405f5c8be26573c6548748dfedbe56e1edbea729a", "meanings": [ "微波炉", "炉灶" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "電子レンジで温めてください。", "zh": "请用微波炉加热。" }, { "ja": "このレンジは新しい。", "zh": "这个炉灶是新的。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/ca31bf8db3", "JMdict ent_seq 1146110; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "901132c21553956fc20649633584cab74126c776cb25b6751bbaf371ee547a28" } }, { "id": "7d28bc070c", "word": "連日", "reading": "れんじつ", "romaji": "renjitsu", "meanings": [ "every day", "prolonged" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no", "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1559720, "examples": [ { "ja": "連日交通事故が起きる。", "en": "Traffic accidents happen daily.", "tatoeba_id": 77416 }, { "ja": "このように連日遅くまで起きていたことが私の健康にこたえ始めていた。", "en": "All these late nights were beginning to tell on my health.", "tatoeba_id": 223046 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a66cd29287a1f65619615b7b013357aabe71cb2edaff1a7b8cc37f699d766dbc", "meanings": [ "连续多日" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "連日交通事故が起きる。", "zh": "交通事故连续多日发生。" }, { "ja": "このように連日遅くまで起きていたことが私の健康にこたえ始めていた。", "zh": "这样连续多日熬夜开始影响我的健康。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7d28bc070c", "JMdict ent_seq 1559720; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0068a1cb7834c9a0160f0f825d0ee899994728b890e477011e0f6323f66aadd9" } }, { "id": "dfe344f4e2", "word": "連帯", "reading": "れんたい", "romaji": "rentai", "meanings": [ "solidarity" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi" ], "jmdict_id": 1559660, "examples": [ { "ja": "荷物が遅れた場合、特別な連帯保険がある。", "en": "In case the shipment is delayed, we have special delay insurance.", "tatoeba_id": 186553 }, { "ja": "彼らはこの計画に連帯してあたった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはこの{計画|けいかく}に{連帯|れんたい}してあたった。", "en": "They worked jointly on this project.", "tatoeba_id": 98082 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "68170f31d246eb5afef2bf40b38b61c7cc26e7d10ba847bdb6ab65c619d07b0f", "meanings": [ "团结", "连带" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "荷物が遅れた場合、特別な連帯保険がある。", "zh": "如果行李延误，有特别的连带保险。" }, { "ja": "彼らはこの計画に連帯してあたった。", "zh": "他们团结合作处理这项计划。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dfe344f4e2", "JMdict ent_seq 1559660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5a19179167b3aba6f49066d10052bdbb6e2b7116515b64038037f23a6385be4d" } }, { "id": "cefdf0c77c", "word": "レンタカー", "reading": "レンタカー", "romaji": "rentakaa", "meanings": [ "hire car (lit: rent-a-car)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1146160, "examples": [ { "ja": "キャロルはレンタカーを運転しています。", "furigana": "キャロルはレンタカーを{運転|うんてん}しています。", "en": "Carol is driving a rent-a-car.", "tatoeba_id": 225825 }, { "ja": "レンタカーの予約もお願いします。", "furigana": "レンタカーの{予約|よやく}もお{願|ねが}いします。", "en": "I would also like to rent a car.", "tatoeba_id": 192316 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "967c01f772b5c7550005fc6e0e32bab1efd7ca089769708ec0bee53f0b926d63", "meanings": [ "租车" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "キャロルはレンタカーを運転しています。", "zh": "卡萝尔在驾驶租来的车。" }, { "ja": "レンタカーの予約もお願いします。", "zh": "也请帮忙预订租车。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cefdf0c77c", "JMdict ent_seq 1146160; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "a81c91c7e074780393c65885d4fcb61d484477c5086196eab515042ab522dc01" } }, { "id": "04743e6a41", "word": "連中", "reading": "れんちゅう", "romaji": "renchuu", "meanings": [ "colleagues", "company", "a lot" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1559700, "other_readings": [ "れんじゅう" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの連中には近づいてはいけないよ。", "furigana": "あの{連中|れんちゅう}には{近|ちか}づいてはいけないよ。", "en": "You must steer clear of that gang.", "tatoeba_id": 230420 }, { "ja": "彼らはそんなに悪い連中ではない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}らはそんなに{悪|わる}い{連中|れんちゅう}ではない。", "en": "They aren't such a bad lot.", "tatoeba_id": 97814 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "1cad3bd5832388352a79dea943e0582bc4509c22ea4685d69d3128e390bf3bf5", "meanings": [ "一伙人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "あの連中には近づいてはいけないよ。", "zh": "不要接近那帮人。" }, { "ja": "彼らはそんなに悪い連中ではない。", "zh": "他们不是那么坏的人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/04743e6a41", "JMdict ent_seq 1559700; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9ed272148143221529cd7523e4f3ea9984a2c2c3f72781d382fd84eeeaba605c" } }, { "id": "543a56fe74", "word": "レントゲン", "reading": "レントゲン", "romaji": "rentogen", "meanings": [ "X-ray (lit: Roentgen)" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1146230, "examples": [ { "ja": "胸部のレントゲンをとってください。", "furigana": "{胸部|きょうぶ}のレントゲンをとってください。", "en": "I'd like you to have a chest X-ray.", "tatoeba_id": 180085 }, { "ja": "歯のレントゲンを撮りますね。", "furigana": "{歯|は}のレントゲンを{撮|と}りますね。", "en": "I'll take some X-rays of your teeth.", "tatoeba_id": 150967 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "a84cf3327a310c34b1eab29afd561ea35f90c0b0cd0b9c7873cad2566adddb38", "meanings": [ "X光" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "胸部のレントゲンをとってください。", "zh": "请拍胸部X光片。" }, { "ja": "歯のレントゲンを撮りますね。", "zh": "我要拍牙齿X光片。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/543a56fe74", "JMdict ent_seq 1146230; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "79f615cadc03a8477e5142bc6a3b75662faf7a7e0fbd956ef89251d99264759f" } }, { "id": "c3ae5da496", "word": "連邦", "reading": "れんぽう", "romaji": "renpou", "meanings": [ "commonwealth", "federation of states" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1559790, "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカ人は連邦税と州税の両方を払っている。", "furigana": "アメリカ{人|じん}は{連邦|れんぽう}{税|ぜい}と{州|しゅう}{税|ぜい}の{両方|りょうほう}を{払|はら}っている。", "en": "Americans pay both federal taxes and state taxes.", "tatoeba_id": 230098 }, { "ja": "米国連邦準備銀行は銀行の取り付け騒ぎを食い止めようとしています。", "furigana": "{米国|べいこく}{連邦|れんぽう}{準備銀行|じゅんびぎんこう}は{銀行|ぎんこう}の{取|と}り{付|つ}け{騒|さわ}ぎを{食|く}い{止|と}めようとしています。", "en": "The Fed is trying to stave off a run on the banks.", "tatoeba_id": 83485 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cf827b601f8bafef29eaf1266c5cd55a336fdc8d8939cf2280e93116cb34d5c2", "meanings": [ "联邦" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "アメリカ人は連邦税と州税の両方を払っている。", "zh": "美国人同时缴纳联邦税和州税。" }, { "ja": "米国連邦準備銀行は銀行の取り付け騒ぎを食い止めようとしています。", "zh": "美国联邦储备银行正试图遏制银行挤兑。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c3ae5da496", "JMdict ent_seq 1559790; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "bec9c11413081c528db84a66654eebc4f2a794f8210b58f56399823264742fca" } }, { "id": "1487ab7edb", "word": "連盟", "reading": "れんめい", "romaji": "renmei", "meanings": [ "league", "union", "alliance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1559870, "examples": [ { "ja": "某連盟元会長が背任の容疑で逮捕されました。", "en": "The former president of a certain association has been arrested on suspicion of breach of trust.", "tatoeba_id": 75338 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5156086aab0418eb758f7d941fcd71444d19ad345aefb62079f84dc69793a866", "meanings": [ "联盟" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "某連盟元会長が背任の容疑で逮捕されました。", "zh": "某联盟前会长因涉嫌背信被捕。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/1487ab7edb", "JMdict ent_seq 1559870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "082fe8c39f228b299e48e009c8012be53a2cfd77b91a30fe3c18c1fdf92f3063" } }, { "id": "205f841138", "word": "老衰", "reading": "ろうすい", "romaji": "rousui", "meanings": [ "senility", "senile decay" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vi", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1561120, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は老衰で二年前に亡くなった。", "en": "He died of old age two years ago.", "tatoeba_id": 98869 }, { "ja": "お祖父さんがかなり老衰している。", "furigana": "お{祖父|じい}さんがかなり{老衰|ろうすい}している。", "en": "Grandfather is quite senile.", "tatoeba_id": 76809 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5af09f65b6b4917b57b0af395e98eab16fcf5eb9b449c2051027a71190712c9d", "meanings": [ "衰老" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼は老衰で二年前に亡くなった。", "zh": "他两年前因衰老去世。" }, { "ja": "お祖父さんがかなり老衰している。", "zh": "爷爷已经相当衰老了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/205f841138", "JMdict ent_seq 1561120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "9a055ecb6a4433d46d6e3f04680ddb7ecb9dfea2e61375c8067a02d47f978211" } }, { "id": "3b514433e9", "word": "朗読", "reading": "ろうどく", "romaji": "roudoku", "meanings": [ "reading aloud", "recitation" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1560730, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその詩を一本調子で朗読した。", "en": "He read the poem in a monotone.", "tatoeba_id": 112803 }, { "ja": "先生は私の朗読にいくつかの誤りを指摘した。", "en": "The teacher noted several mistakes in my recitation.", "tatoeba_id": 141582 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8e90b9f02ab5992424ff281d4a953e88b3cc9eee7a251b9399c125056d259e82", "meanings": [ "朗读" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はその詩を一本調子で朗読した。", "zh": "他用单调的语调朗读了那首诗。" }, { "ja": "先生は私の朗読にいくつかの誤りを指摘した。", "zh": "老师指出了我朗读中的几个错误。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/3b514433e9", "JMdict ent_seq 1560730; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "3268d40e8ddd985c59c860c58609982b0ab949629d349dc8f39a4c8ed838b264" } }, { "id": "edc9704d84", "word": "浪費", "reading": "ろうひ", "romaji": "rouhi", "meanings": [ "waste", "extravagance" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1560800, "examples": [ { "ja": "それは確かに時間の浪費です。", "furigana": "それは{確|たし}かに{時間|じかん}の{浪費|ろうひ}です。", "en": "It's certainly a waste of time.", "tatoeba_id": 205292 }, { "ja": "時間とお金の浪費はとてつもない。", "furigana": "{時間|じかん}とお{金|かね}の{浪費|ろうひ}はとてつもない。", "en": "The waste of time and money is incredible.", "tatoeba_id": 150601 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "2f2e21c665fb3f11b6e16d84cbebfec6d7cf5964012ac93596e1b9163fd9f751", "meanings": [ "浪费" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "それは確かに時間の浪費です。", "zh": "那确实是浪费时间。" }, { "ja": "時間とお金の浪費はとてつもない。", "zh": "时间和金钱的浪费大得惊人。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/edc9704d84", "JMdict ent_seq 1560800; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7ed6b69a04ba04ba5a4589c919787afb5daa8cfe039c8fcee69911509bdae8cb" } }, { "id": "59cc1aa388", "word": "労力", "reading": "ろうりょく", "romaji": "rouryoku", "meanings": [ "labour", "effort", "toil", "trouble" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1560650, "examples": [ { "ja": "この機械は多くの労力を省いてくれる。", "furigana": "この{機械|きかい}は{多|おお}くの{労力|ろうりょく}を{省|はぶ}いてくれる。", "en": "This machine saves us a lot of labor.", "tatoeba_id": 222461 }, { "ja": "コンピューターを使えば数字やグラフを扱うときに多くの時間と労力が省ける。", "furigana": "コンピューターを{使|つか}えば{数字|すうじ}やグラフを{扱|あつか}うときに{多|おお}くの{時間|じかん}と{労力|ろうりょく}が{省|はぶ}ける。", "en": "Computers will save you much time and energy when you deal with figures and graphs.", "tatoeba_id": 217231 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7af60413d8e44a700c85047f904e8ba4648ca9f2afe22b4f7cb243eb31160d4f", "meanings": [ "劳力" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この機械は多くの労力を省いてくれる。", "zh": "这台机器可以节省大量劳力。" }, { "ja": "コンピューターを使えば数字やグラフを扱うときに多くの時間と労力が省ける。", "zh": "使用电脑处理数字和图表可以节省大量时间和劳力。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/59cc1aa388", "JMdict ent_seq 1560650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "8076283fb2935ef0c284e4526f51c7900385061601d35ca16f352e5a688c2c86" } }, { "id": "b083c2fe68", "word": "ロープ", "reading": "ロープ", "romaji": "roopu", "meanings": [ "rope" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1146750, "examples": [ { "ja": "このロープは強いですね。", "furigana": "このロープは{強|つよ}いですね。", "en": "This rope is strong, isn't it?", "tatoeba_id": 222993 }, { "ja": "彼女はロープをしっかりと握った。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はロープをしっかりと{握|にぎ}った。", "en": "She took a strong hold on the rope.", "tatoeba_id": 91280 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "f37283f3e14632c18ee4688107b076d5ade840c69b4237bb88d66254a661be5e", "meanings": [ "绳子" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "このロープは強いですね。", "zh": "这条绳子很结实。" }, { "ja": "彼女はロープをしっかりと握った。", "zh": "她紧紧握住绳子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b083c2fe68", "JMdict ent_seq 1146750; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "f7d9ebc6fc78fe474546c6fb7fcdec6ee7b294d504cefae7c57d315026a3839c" } }, { "id": "6098e9e230", "word": "碌な", "reading": "ろくな", "romaji": "rokuna", "meanings": [ "satisfactory", "decent" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-pn" ], "jmdict_id": 1612330, "examples": [ { "ja": "麻薬に手を出すとろくなことはない。", "furigana": "{麻薬|まやく}に{手|て}を{出|だ}すとろくなことはない。", "en": "If you mess with drugs, you're asking for trouble.", "tatoeba_id": 81431 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "abb6f513aab4f3f6427472323495af4eb6fae4947d8561bdc7da79b613130d51", "meanings": [ "像样的", "好的" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "麻薬に手を出すとろくなことはない。", "zh": "碰毒品不会有什么好结果。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/6098e9e230", "JMdict ent_seq 1612330; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "常与否定形式搭配，表示没有像样的结果或做得不充分。", "review_hash": "317aaefe650e1d79a60b45fdead0ceb8076ff5539f8ddaf1a5c6ed071d7caaad" } }, { "id": "7533eeec58", "word": "碌に", "reading": "ろくに", "romaji": "rokuni", "meanings": [ "well", "enough", "sufficient" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1570040, "examples": [ { "ja": "昨夜はろくに眠れなかった。", "furigana": "{昨夜|ゆうべ}はろくに{眠|ねむ}れなかった。", "en": "I could not sleep much last night.", "tatoeba_id": 169652 }, { "ja": "彼女はろくに食べないで席を立った。", "furigana": "{彼女|かのじょ}はろくに{食|た}べないで{席|せき}を{立|た}った。", "en": "She had only eaten a little before she left the table.", "tatoeba_id": 91277 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0b89370b034bbf844561c9ec0ac700a39f69abb70cc65994330e6a606bc8eac5", "meanings": [ "好好地", "充分地" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "昨夜はろくに眠れなかった。", "zh": "昨晚没怎么睡好。" }, { "ja": "彼女はろくに食べないで席を立った。", "zh": "她没怎么吃就离席了。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/7533eeec58", "JMdict ent_seq 1570040; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "notes": "常与否定形式搭配，表示没有像样的结果或做得不充分。", "review_hash": "48fbf8c5b2aa23041cfc83eadb9a0b40190b5f72c05d058cd4afb514365e512e" } }, { "id": "c98b46666a", "word": "露骨", "reading": "ろこつ", "romaji": "rokotsu", "meanings": [ "frank", "blunt", "plain", "outspoken", "conspicuous", "open", "broad", "suggestive" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na", "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1560120, "examples": [ { "ja": "露骨に嫌な顔をして、彼を睨みつけた。", "furigana": "{露骨|ろこつ}に{嫌|いや}な{顔|かお}をして、{彼|かれ}を{睨|にら}みつけた。", "en": "I glared at him with a blatant look of disapproval on my face.", "tatoeba_id": 12179631 }, { "ja": "彼は私の手伝いをするのを露骨にいやがった。", "en": "He showed a great reluctance to help me.", "tatoeba_id": 105793 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "4dc879e2d2ccabba25237e7ead2f0f68d0337bbbb46f83b3e9dc7bc35a13c81a", "meanings": [ "露骨", "毫不掩饰" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "露骨に嫌な顔をして、彼を睨みつけた。", "zh": "他明显地露出厌恶的表情，瞪着对方。" }, { "ja": "彼は私の手伝いをするのを露骨にいやがった。", "zh": "他毫不掩饰地不愿帮我。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/c98b46666a", "JMdict ent_seq 1560120; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "0090b109d51b0fabdedcec4fea5c9de4df6375893844972b3656f1271798abf5" } }, { "id": "077aaeea47", "word": "ロマンチック", "reading": "ロマンチック", "romaji": "romanchikku", "meanings": [ "romantic" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-na" ], "jmdict_id": 1148010, "examples": [ { "ja": "その映画はロマンチックだった。", "furigana": "その{映画|えいが}はロマンチックだった。", "en": "I found the film romantic.", "tatoeba_id": 212267 }, { "ja": "とってもロマンチックだな～！", "en": "It's very romantic!", "tatoeba_id": 340650 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "5cd85440d5304ba9e12b1bfd274cf033037759d70c3e224c5a21dc8c7353127a", "meanings": [ "浪漫" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その映画はロマンチックだった。", "zh": "那部电影很浪漫。" }, { "ja": "とってもロマンチックだな～！", "zh": "真浪漫啊！" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/077aaeea47", "JMdict ent_seq 1148010; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d8ce995d2bb065d5a5196ba10268c7d0d318a3c9d4e32de25d43a9a92fa063a6" } }, { "id": "0168723c14", "word": "論議", "reading": "ろんぎ", "romaji": "rongi", "meanings": [ "discussion" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "vs", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1561660, "examples": [ { "ja": "その計画は詳細に論議された。", "en": "The plan was discussed in detail.", "tatoeba_id": 211239 }, { "ja": "彼は一切の論議に耳を貸さなかった。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{一切|いっさい}の{論議|ろんぎ}に{耳|みみ}を{貸|か}さなかった。", "en": "He was deaf to all arguments.", "tatoeba_id": 109915 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "c2523a766a70eb47e782683b12d252dc3ebb1865d6f0d32c65ff7e57cfed6a65", "meanings": [ "讨论" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "その計画は詳細に論議された。", "zh": "那个计划被详细讨论了。" }, { "ja": "彼は一切の論議に耳を貸さなかった。", "zh": "他不听任何讨论。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0168723c14", "JMdict ent_seq 1561660; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "defc4634e53c98b1e299fef886c1009aff2ca6502b1da177fad2a38a26d1ef55" } }, { "id": "0a58b5edbf", "word": "論理", "reading": "ろんり", "romaji": "ronri", "meanings": [ "logic" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1561850, "examples": [ { "ja": "どうするかを決めるときは、論理ではなく本能を当てにする。", "furigana": "どうするかを{決|き}めるときは、{論理|ろんり}ではなく{本能|ほんのう}を{当|あ}てにする。", "en": "In making a decision, I rely not on logic but on instinct.", "tatoeba_id": 201401 }, { "ja": "それは論理が要求することに従っている。", "furigana": "それは{論理|ろんり}が{要求|ようきゅう}することに{従|したが}っている。", "en": "It conforms to the requirements of logic.", "tatoeba_id": 204790 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "03312f594a63f0e26b2b37494611a027b80650284bc620e66204bed61568bb1c", "meanings": [ "逻辑" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "どうするかを決めるときは、論理ではなく本能を当てにする。", "zh": "决定怎么做时，依靠的是本能而非逻辑。" }, { "ja": "それは論理が要求することに従っている。", "zh": "那符合逻辑的要求。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0a58b5edbf", "JMdict ent_seq 1561850; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ca1ab5b2831bce6dae0b766a155e982535cefc392a7957a51d67ef718578b874" } }, { "id": "b4527d4c3b", "word": "和", "reading": "わ", "romaji": "wa", "meanings": [ "sum", "harmony", "peace" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1561920, "examples": [ { "ja": "スポーツではチームの和が成功には欠かせません。", "furigana": "スポーツではチームの{和|わ}が{成功|せいこう}には{欠|か}かせません。", "en": "In sport, team harmony is vital to success.", "tatoeba_id": 214351 }, { "ja": "３角形のすべての角の和は１８０度に等しい。", "en": "The sum of all the angles in a triangle equals 180 degrees.", "tatoeba_id": 235339 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "283de734200e80c01514fa07a4bbdc16408dd6f16329cbc961dd2d46d2f04612", "meanings": [ "和", "和谐" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "スポーツではチームの和が成功には欠かせません。", "zh": "在体育运动中，团队和谐是成功不可缺少的。" }, { "ja": "３角形のすべての角の和は１８０度に等しい。", "zh": "三角形内角之和等于一百八十度。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/b4527d4c3b", "JMdict ent_seq 1561920; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "153566b9727e1681ae74ae7fa6e3341963e9e643c6b30536fe21eed9285c8f56" } }, { "id": "e91d9f8a96", "word": "枠", "reading": "わく", "romaji": "waku", "meanings": [ "frame", "slide" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "n-suf" ], "jmdict_id": 1562610, "examples": [ { "ja": "ドアが枠に合わなければ合うまでドアにかんなをかけなければならない。", "furigana": "ドアが{枠|わく}に{合|あ}わなければ{合|あ}うまでドアにかんなをかけなければならない。", "en": "If a door doesn't fit the casing, we must plane it carefully until it does.", "tatoeba_id": 201889 }, { "ja": "彼はドア枠の下に立った。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はドア{枠|わく}の{下|した}に{立|た}った。", "en": "He stood under the door frame.", "tatoeba_id": 111752 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "e409ea4f737341e71c962569d0d1cbdbe28bd2777323218bf03339bc3353f411", "meanings": [ "框", "范围" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ドアが枠に合わなければ合うまでドアにかんなをかけなければならない。", "zh": "如果门不合门框，就必须刨到合适为止。" }, { "ja": "彼はドア枠の下に立った。", "zh": "他站在门框下。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/e91d9f8a96", "JMdict ent_seq 1562610; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "06de714746e8dd757f4ab6aa0312319363b5b07d8d40a021f4bb53bdcbb5976b" } }, { "id": "58c834514c", "word": "惑星", "reading": "わくせい", "romaji": "wakusei", "meanings": [ "planet" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1562600, "examples": [ { "ja": "他の惑星には生命が存在するのですか。", "en": "Is there life on other planets?", "tatoeba_id": 138574 }, { "ja": "海王星は太陽系の8番目の惑星だ。", "furigana": "{海王星|かいおうせい}は{太陽系|たいようけい}の8{番目|ばんめ}の{惑星|わくせい}だ。", "en": "Neptune is the eighth planet of the solar system.", "tatoeba_id": 185081 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "cf70017153b7c42954270325b514d58fbf667b45515aba8983f1b7b570547319", "meanings": [ "行星" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "他の惑星には生命が存在するのですか。", "zh": "其他行星上存在生命吗？" }, { "ja": "海王星は太陽系の8番目の惑星だ。", "zh": "海王星是太阳系的第八颗行星。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/58c834514c", "JMdict ent_seq 1562600; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b9a30b4f00b3ab38b277a60582a4fe631ffe7e454aad7122c1bc63cff69c1bdd" } }, { "id": "5989bb1293", "word": "技", "reading": "わざ", "romaji": "waza", "meanings": [ "art", "technique" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1225090, "examples": [ { "ja": "柔道では力より技のほうが大切である。", "furigana": "{柔道|じゅうどう}では{力|ちから}より{技|わざ}のほうが{大切|たいせつ}である。", "en": "In judo, technique is more important than strength.", "tatoeba_id": 147997 }, { "ja": "一子相伝の技と言うわりには、彼の蹴りは大した事はないね。", "en": "For a guy who was chosen by his father as the only son to be taught the secrets of this martial art, he doesn't have that much of a kick.", "tatoeba_id": 190600 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7ed213805af12da0cca9a51e84811f1136a09df752188b018249c560b988987e", "meanings": [ "技巧" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "柔道では力より技のほうが大切である。", "zh": "柔道中技巧比力量更重要。" }, { "ja": "一子相伝の技と言うわりには、彼の蹴りは大した事はないね。", "zh": "虽然说是单传技艺，他的踢技也不怎么样。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/5989bb1293", "JMdict ent_seq 1225090; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "49333085a99f4f1f85c5c5612e8e209cafc7e175fd952dc9971839d74ac24014" } }, { "id": "bc47957953", "word": "わざわざ", "reading": "わざわざ", "romaji": "wazawaza", "meanings": [ "expressly", "specially", "doing something especially rather than incidentally" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adv" ], "jmdict_id": 1606710, "other_forms": [ "態々" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "わざわざおいでにならなくて結構です。", "furigana": "わざわざおいでにならなくて{結構|けっこう}です。", "en": "Don't bother to come to my house.", "tatoeba_id": 191995 }, { "ja": "彼はわざわざ髪にくしをかけたりしない。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はわざわざ{髪|かみ}にくしをかけたりしない。", "en": "He doesn't bother to comb his hair.", "tatoeba_id": 110261 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "779e7d2a434b9f9b18fdf077f20d8572c26165d83b7278c500afd7d9657487e8", "meanings": [ "特意" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "わざわざおいでにならなくて結構です。", "zh": "不必特意过来。" }, { "ja": "彼はわざわざ髪にくしをかけたりしない。", "zh": "他不会特意梳头。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/bc47957953", "JMdict ent_seq 1606710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "b7fdd57be630409b8f859e6d87fe17a5812161d688df32cdb9f1c60742f1018e" } }, { "id": "99dd5e0ee7", "word": "煩わしい", "reading": "わずらわしい", "romaji": "wazurawashii", "meanings": [ "troublesome", "annoying", "complicated" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "adj-i" ], "jmdict_id": 1481940, "examples": [ { "ja": "ワープロがあれば、こんな煩わしさはなくなるだろう。", "furigana": "ワープロがあれば、こんな{煩|わずら}わしさはなくなるだろう。", "en": "If you had a word processor, you'd be free from all this trouble.", "tatoeba_id": 192082 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "df80d0b86d0d1c828631a385bdfd1885598cfb20170363df16c58a370a43e106", "meanings": [ "麻烦" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "ワープロがあれば、こんな煩わしさはなくなるだろう。", "zh": "有文字处理机的话，这样的麻烦就会消失吧。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/99dd5e0ee7", "JMdict ent_seq 1481940; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "d30490e263d87d833a36dae21aa5fd9742c6a01e38d7b0cf4ca457000f9067e7" } }, { "id": "421caf025d", "word": "渡り鳥", "reading": "わたりどり", "romaji": "wataridori", "meanings": [ "migratory bird", "bird of passage" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1444650, "examples": [ { "ja": "この池には、毎年冬になるとたくさんの渡り鳥がやってきます。", "en": "Many migratory birds come to this pond every year in winter.", "tatoeba_id": 2912362 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "fbcc422294fafa0e85bcf7bf6101ec57438868beeef7087f8bf035daa107cab4", "meanings": [ "候鸟" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この池には、毎年冬になるとたくさんの渡り鳥がやってきます。", "zh": "每年冬天都有很多候鸟来到这个池塘。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/421caf025d", "JMdict ent_seq 1444650; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "deaa48661e9dcea01817bfa98028247ad88b223f6aa4522e961a6cd546cb44fe" } }, { "id": "dfecf73c10", "word": "ワット", "reading": "ワット", "romaji": "watto", "meanings": [ "watt" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1149070, "examples": [ { "ja": "この電球の消費電力は六十ワットだ。", "en": "This bulb consumes sixty watts." }, { "ja": "装置は百ワットの電力を消費する。", "en": "The device consumes one hundred watts." } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "8edae1ad0f6408a021e526224e9707193e3300c5034d4eaae8cfb9e194d7a2e1", "meanings": [ "瓦特" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この電球の消費電力は六十ワットだ。", "zh": "这盏灯的功率是六十瓦。" }, { "ja": "装置は百ワットの電力を消費する。", "zh": "设备耗电一百瓦。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/dfecf73c10", "JMdict ent_seq 1149070; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "857422724c6da6ae4e8e3da2947f4cdff5a62209afad95375e92f7a9538789ae" } }, { "id": "aa88f39126", "word": "詫び", "reading": "わび", "romaji": "wabi", "meanings": [ "apology" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1562670, "examples": [ { "ja": "どうしてあなたにお詫びする理由があるのですか。", "furigana": "どうしてあなたにお{詫|わ}びする{理由|りゆう}があるのですか。", "en": "Why should I apologize to you?", "tatoeba_id": 201575 }, { "ja": "先日のことをお詫びしたいと思います。", "furigana": "{先日|せんじつ}のことをお{詫|わ}びしたいと{思|おも}います。", "en": "I want to apologize for the other day.", "tatoeba_id": 141473 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "7a03fc87890aa4367cfef1e8cf901f29123e03512b546db860e597e8e5a99a52", "meanings": [ "道歉" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "どうしてあなたにお詫びする理由があるのですか。", "zh": "我为什么有理由向你道歉？" }, { "ja": "先日のことをお詫びしたいと思います。", "zh": "我想为前几天的事道歉。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/aa88f39126", "JMdict ent_seq 1562670; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ae53ddf6c2ba48794ac5fa8cfb8058627d265473062703e6459e7d72c6caea1c" } }, { "id": "95c85f85f2", "word": "和風", "reading": "わふう", "romaji": "wafuu", "meanings": [ "Japanese style" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n", "adj-no" ], "jmdict_id": 1562180, "examples": [ { "ja": "梅酒はね、梅で作る和風リキュールのことだよ。", "en": "Umeshu is a Japanese liqueur made from plums.", "tatoeba_id": 9619255 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "08d637d2914097b7a4d4ecc88f42d326b7ea2d1314c2cfd6657aaae1b39b75a6", "meanings": [ "日式" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "梅酒はね、梅で作る和風リキュールのことだよ。", "zh": "梅酒是用梅子制成的日式利口酒。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/95c85f85f2", "JMdict ent_seq 1562180; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "ef5cbc5cbdfe5ff5b12e9d90becf773f42ac7677f2167a5c2bd8b134dee134c7" } }, { "id": "0e1d3f747e", "word": "和文", "reading": "わぶん", "romaji": "wabun", "meanings": [ "Japanese text", "sentence in Japanese" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1562200, "examples": [ { "ja": "この和文をフランス語に訳してください。", "en": "Please translate this Japanese text into French.", "tatoeba_id": 413840 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "577523aca97a6cda54882283be31c3b162f06533ef3dc1306f607d69becb329a", "meanings": [ "日文" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "この和文をフランス語に訳してください。", "zh": "请把这段日文译成法文。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0e1d3f747e", "JMdict ent_seq 1562200; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "4348b7cb101046d7170c4065c6b9e3bf452d74fe0f22ddab30f2fce97604df53" } }, { "id": "87ec2157d1", "word": "藁", "reading": "わら", "romaji": "wara", "meanings": [ "straw" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1562710, "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はどんな藁をもつかむだろう。", "furigana": "{彼|かれ}はどんな{藁|わら}をもつかむだろう。", "en": "He'll clutch at any straw.", "tatoeba_id": 111447 }, { "ja": "北海道では藁の馬をつくる。", "furigana": "{北海道|ほっかいどう}では{藁|わら}の{馬|うま}をつくる。", "en": "In Hokkaido, they make horses of straw.", "tatoeba_id": 82449 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "0ed51ed8219aa4e2eaa331818a6e782888219626d8dc5904e7f20646dffeb93b", "meanings": [ "稻草" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "彼はどんな藁をもつかむだろう。", "zh": "他会抓住任何一根稻草。" }, { "ja": "北海道では藁の馬をつくる。", "zh": "在北海道，人们制作稻草马。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/87ec2157d1", "JMdict ent_seq 1562710; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "7f9bf84bfa029d72edef28fa5695f801b6069dae4690535e536d64c50a6b8a67" } }, { "id": "cfd02fb96e", "word": "割り当て", "reading": "わりあて", "romaji": "wariate", "meanings": [ "allotment", "assignment", "allocation", "quota", "rationing" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1606820, "examples": [ { "ja": "「割り当て」という概念を考察することから始めよう。", "furigana": "「{割|わ}り{当|あ}て」という{概念|がいねん}を{考察|こうさつ}することから{始|はじ}めよう。", "en": "We will begin by considering the concept of \"quota\".", "tatoeba_id": 236371 }, { "ja": "輸入割り当て量についての多国間貿易交渉は暗礁に乗り上げてしまいました。", "en": "Multilateral trade negotiations ran aground over import quotas.", "tatoeba_id": 79439 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "70f2e752de1c139328dce4665e9e864d7fbff6a1a93bf9b4b8d91f0c3c0d34a5", "meanings": [ "分配", "配额" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "「割り当て」という概念を考察することから始めよう。", "zh": "让我们从考察“分配”的概念开始。" }, { "ja": "輸入割り当て量についての多国間貿易交渉は暗礁に乗り上げてしまいました。", "zh": "关于进口配额的多边贸易谈判陷入了僵局。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/cfd02fb96e", "JMdict ent_seq 1606820; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "26d545349f3ac5bb0281dacc5722773ea9e8f450fbe9cebc9757b8bf21d1eafc" } }, { "id": "fd65caed2e", "word": "割り込む", "reading": "わりこむ", "romaji": "warikomu", "meanings": [ "to cut in", "to thrust oneself into", "to wedge oneself in", "to muscle in on", "to interrupt", "to disturb" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "v5m", "vt" ], "jmdict_id": 1606870, "examples": [ { "ja": "人の話に割り込むのは失礼だぞ。", "furigana": "{人|ひと}の{話|はなし}に{割|わ}り{込|こ}むのは{失礼|しつれい}だぞ。", "en": "It is rude to interrupt others.", "tatoeba_id": 144572 }, { "ja": "車が１台横から割り込んできた。", "furigana": "{車|くるま}が１{台|だい}{横|よこ}から{割|わ}り{込|こ}んできた。", "en": "A car cut in.", "tatoeba_id": 149153 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "62a931b9b94134664b4b13c88d57c3af47b28820fb2a8113ee4db4d1cdd7a32c", "meanings": [ "插队", "打断" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "人の話に割り込むのは失礼だぞ。", "zh": "打断别人说话是不礼貌的。" }, { "ja": "車が１台横から割り込んできた。", "zh": "一辆车从侧面插了进来。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/fd65caed2e", "JMdict ent_seq 1606870; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "43e8f5f80b5b49c892df1b5e5fe6298fb09c33818ce9134cd03a040abb0761ca" } }, { "id": "0bc587dbfe", "word": "悪者", "reading": "わるもの", "romaji": "warumono", "meanings": [ "bad fellow", "rascal", "ruffian", "scoundrel" ], "level": "N1", "pos": [ "n" ], "jmdict_id": 1151840, "examples": [ { "ja": "いない者がいつも悪者になる。", "furigana": "いない{者|もの}がいつも{悪者|わるもの}になる。", "en": "The absent are always in the wrong.", "tatoeba_id": 228583 }, { "ja": "だってこの世には悪者と偽善者しかいないのよ。", "furigana": "だってこの{世|よ}には{悪者|わるもの}と{偽善者|ぎぜんしゃ}しかいないのよ。", "en": "You see in this world there are only scoundrels and hypocrites.", "tatoeba_id": 76575 } ], "zh": { "status": "reviewed", "source_hash": "d11459421ae9104b44cd5b6058b1ee93dd3f420e150c389d2fcee9fb821a408b", "meanings": [ "坏人" ], "examples": [ { "ja": "いない者がいつも悪者になる。", "zh": "不在场的人总是成了坏人。" }, { "ja": "だってこの世には悪者と偽善者しかいないのよ。", "zh": "因为这世上只有坏人和伪君子。" } ], "references": [ "upstream vocab/n1/0bc587dbfe", "JMdict ent_seq 1151840; checked against downloaded JMdict_e.gz on 2026-10-28", "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review" ], "reviewer": "Codex", "review_method": "ai", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28", "review_hash": "5094c199d9b3c59d0c63f9560f601fbaa8fc4fdabf1e1fc306432cf45b0bac84" } } ]