〜に（indirect object）

import { getGrammarById } from 'kotowa';
getGrammarById('ni-indirect-object');

{
  "id": "ni-indirect-object",
  "pattern": "〜に（indirect object）",
  "romaji": "ni (indirect object)",
  "level": "N5",
  "meaning": "to (the person who receives or is the target of an action)",
  "formation": "Noun + に",
  "examples": [
    {
      "ja": "母に手紙を書きます。",
      "furigana": "{母|はは}に{手紙|てがみ}を{書|か}きます。",
      "en": "I'm going to write a letter to my mother."
    },
    {
      "ja": "妹に本を貸しました。",
      "furigana": "{妹|いもうと}に{本|ほん}を{貸|か}しました。",
      "en": "I lent a book to my younger sister."
    },
    {
      "ja": "友達に電話をかけました。",
      "furigana": "{友達|ともだち}に{電話|でんわ}をかけました。",
      "en": "I called my friend."
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "particle"
  ],
  "notes": "Common with あげる, 貸す, 教える, 見せる, 電話をかける and 会う. With もらう and 借りる, に marks the person you get something from.",
  "zh": {
    "status": "reviewed",
    "source_hash": "a0723afaedf42490a1df2a08abe29bed55e50cb91023bc575fe1b0a03afbb011",
    "meanings": [
      "向……",
      "给……"
    ],
    "formation": "对象名词＋に",
    "explanation": "标记动作指向的人或接受者，例如给人写信、借东西给人、给人打电话。",
    "notes": "与もらう、借りる搭配时，に可标记给予者或借出者，需要结合动词判断。",
    "examples": [
      {
        "ja": "母に手紙を書きます。",
        "zh": "我要给妈妈写信。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "妹に本を貸しました。",
        "zh": "我把书借给妹妹了。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "友達に電話をかけました。",
        "zh": "我给朋友打了电话。"
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      "sources/grammar/n5.json#ni-indirect-object",
      "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review"
    ],
    "reviewer": "Codex",
    "review_method": "ai",
    "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28",
    "review_hash": "263f69cecc380162b217075f4e4214a7cf78a6c912d93a2cc57d2b152d59c4fc"
  }
}