JLPT N5 Grammar 81 points
- 〜は至于……;提示话题 / as for; marks the topic of the sentence
- 〜が(subject)提示主语;突出新信息 / marks the subject; points out new or focused information
- 〜を提示动作对象;提示经过或离开的地点 / marks the direct object of a verb; marks a place moved through or left
- 〜に(time)在……时间 / at; on; in (a specific point in time)
- 〜に(destination)到……;去往…… / to; into (the destination of movement)
- 〜に(place of existence)在……(存在的地点) / in; at; on (where someone or something is)
- 〜に(indirect object)向……;给…… / to (the person who receives or is the target of an action)
- 〜に(frequency)每……;在……期间内 / per; in (how many times within a period)
- 〜へ往……;朝…… / to; toward (the direction of movement)
- 〜で(place of action)在……(动作发生的场所) / at; in (the place where an action happens)
- 〜で(means)用……;乘……;以……方式 / by; with; in (means, tool, method or language)
- 〜と(and)和(完整列举) / and (joining nouns in a complete list)
- 〜と(with)和……一起;与…… / with; together with (a partner in an action)
- 〜や……和……等 / and (giving some examples out of more); ... and so on
- 〜か(or)或者 / or (a choice between nouns)
- 〜も也;(与否定搭配)也不 / also; too; (with a negative) not ... either; neither ... nor
- 〜の(possessive)的;所属或性质 / 's; of (possession, belonging or description)
- 〜から(from)从;自 / from (a starting point in time or place)
- 〜まで(until)到;直到 / until; up to; as far as
- 〜か(question)疑问助词 / (question marker) turns a sentence into a question
- 〜ね呢;是吧 / isn't it?; right? (seeking agreement or sharing a feeling)
- 〜よ告知;强调 / you know; I tell you (giving new information or emphasis)
- 〜より比 / than (the standard of comparison)
- 〜の方が〜より比……更…… / X is more ... than Y
- 〜と〜とどちらが……和……哪个更…… / which is more ..., X or Y?
- 〜の中で〜が一番在……之中最…… / ... is the most ... among/of
- 〜です是;礼貌判断 / is; am; are (polite copula)
- 〜だ是;简体判断 / is; am; are (plain copula)
- 〜ではありません / 〜じゃない不是 / is not; am not; are not
- 〜でした是……;过去的状态 / was; were (polite past copula)
- 〜ます做;将要做(礼貌体) / polite non-past verb ending (do; will do)
- 〜ません不做;不会做(礼貌体) / do not; will not (polite negative)
- 〜ました做了(礼貌体) / did (polite past)
- 〜ませんでした没有做(礼貌体) / did not (polite past negative)
- 〜ない不做;不会做(简体) / do not; will not (plain negative of verbs)
- 〜た做了(简体) / did (plain past of verbs)
- 〜ましょう一起……吧 / let's (do)
- 〜ましょうか我来……好吗;我们……好吗 / shall I ...?; shall we ...?
- 〜ませんか要不要……;一起……好吗 / won't you ...?; would you like to ...? (polite invitation)
- 〜たい想要做 / want to (do)
- 〜がほしい想要(某物) / want (something)
- 〜をください请给我…… / please give me (something); I'll have
- 〜てください请做…… / please (do)
- 〜ないでください请不要做…… / please don't (do)
- 〜てもいい可以做…… / may; it's okay to
- 〜てはいけない不可以做;禁止 / must not; may not
- 〜なければならない / 〜なくてはいけない必须做;不得不做 / must; have to
- 〜なくてもいい不必做 / don't have to; need not
- 〜ている正在做;处于某状态;经常做 / be doing (ongoing action); be in a state (result of a change); do regularly
- 〜て接续动作;然后 / and; and then (linking actions in order)
- 〜てから做完之后;自从 / after doing; (do A) and then (B); since
- 〜たり〜たりする做……啦……之类 / do things like A and B; sometimes A, sometimes B
- 〜たことがある曾经做过;有过经历 / have (ever) done; have the experience of doing
- 〜前に在……之前;以前 / before (doing); before (an event); ago
- 〜後で在……之后 / after (doing); after (an event)
- 〜ながら(while)一边……一边…… / while (doing two actions at the same time)
- 〜に行く去做…… / go (somewhere) to do
- 〜が好き / 〜が嫌い喜欢;讨厌 / like; dislike
- 〜が上手 / 〜が下手擅长;不擅长 / good at; bad at
- 〜がある / 〜がいる有;存在 / there is; there are; have (ある for things, いる for people and animals)
- 〜から(reason)因为;所以 / because; since; so
- 〜が(but)但是;虽然 / but; although
- 〜でしょう大概;……吧 / probably; I think; ..., right?
- 〜くなる / 〜になる变得;成为 / become; get; turn
- 〜にする(decide)决定选;要 / decide on; choose; I'll have
- まだ〜ていない还没有做 / not yet (have done)
- もう〜た已经做了;是否已经做了 / already (have done); (in questions) yet
- あまり〜ない不太;不怎么 / not very; not much; not often
- 全然〜ない完全不;一点也不 / not at all; not in the least
- 〜だけ只;仅仅 / only; just
- 〜くらい / 〜ぐらい(approximately)大约;左右 / about; approximately (an amount or length of time)
- 〜ごろ大约;……前后 / around; about (a point in time)
- 何も〜ない / 誰も〜ない什么也不;谁也不 / nothing; nobody; not anything; not anyone
- 何か / 誰か / どこか某物;某人;某处 / something; someone; somewhere
- これ / それ / あれ / どれ这个;那个;哪个 / this one; that one (near you); that one (over there); which one
- この / その / あの / どの这个;那个;哪个 / this; that (near you); that ... over there; which (before a noun)
- ここ / そこ / あそこ / どこ这里;那里;哪里 / here; there (near you); over there; where
- 〜くない / 〜かった / 〜くなかったい形容词的否定、过去和过去否定 / negative and past forms of i-adjectives (is not; was; was not)
- 〜な(na-adjective)な形容词的修饰和句末形式 / na-adjectives: take な before a noun and です or だ at the end of a sentence
- 〜くて / 〜で……而且……;连接描述 / and (linking adjectives or nouns)
- 〜という(named)叫作;名为 / called; named