〜や

and (giving some examples out of more); ... and so on

Formation

Noun + や + Noun

Chinese meanings

……和……等

Chinese formation

名词＋や＋名词（＋など）

Chinese usage

从多个项目中选出代表性的几项，不表示已经列举完毕。

Chinese notes

常与など搭配；需要完整列举时通常用と。

Examples

Furigana

机つくえの上うえに本ほんや雑ざっ誌しがあります。
On the desk there are books, magazines and so on.
桌上有书、杂志等。
スーパーで肉にくや野や菜さいを買かいました。
I bought meat, vegetables and other things at the supermarket.
我在超市买了肉、蔬菜等东西。

Notes

Suggests the list is not complete. Often ends with など: 本や雑誌など.

#particle#example

Related N5 grammar

〜は〜が（subject）〜を〜に（time）〜に（destination）〜に（place of existence）〜に（indirect object）〜に（frequency）

Suggest an improvement

Use this entry in code

import { getGrammarById } from 'kotowa';
getGrammarById('ya');

{
  "id": "ya",
  "pattern": "〜や",
  "romaji": "ya",
  "level": "N5",
  "meaning": "and (giving some examples out of more); ... and so on",
  "formation": "Noun + や + Noun",
  "examples": [
    {
      "ja": "机の上に本や雑誌があります。",
      "furigana": "{机|つくえ}の{上|うえ}に{本|ほん}や{雑誌|ざっし}があります。",
      "en": "On the desk there are books, magazines and so on."
    },
    {
      "ja": "スーパーで肉や野菜を買いました。",
      "furigana": "スーパーで{肉|にく}や{野菜|やさい}を{買|か}いました。",
      "en": "I bought meat, vegetables and other things at the supermarket."
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "particle",
    "example"
  ],
  "notes": "Suggests the list is not complete. Often ends with など: 本や雑誌など.",
  "zh": {
    "status": "reviewed",
    "source_hash": "300c2ebea83cb83cd6b9087fc182f125f606e37c20e089fabd12f9832c4aab70",
    "meanings": [
      "……和……等"
    ],
    "formation": "名词＋や＋名词（＋など）",
    "explanation": "从多个项目中选出代表性的几项，不表示已经列举完毕。",
    "notes": "常与など搭配；需要完整列举时通常用と。",
    "examples": [
      {
        "ja": "机の上に本や雑誌があります。",
        "zh": "桌上有书、杂志等。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "スーパーで肉や野菜を買いました。",
        "zh": "我在超市买了肉、蔬菜等东西。"
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      "sources/grammar/n5.json#ya",
      "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review"
    ],
    "reviewer": "Codex",
    "review_method": "ai",
    "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28",
    "review_hash": "d4abc1defa9f2dac9d19bde63368f8c4759bc107643e4469cb1df5f56e866cd0"
  }
}