〜える / 〜られる（potential）

import { getGrammarById } from 'kotowa';
getGrammarById('eru-rareru-potential');

{
  "id": "eru-rareru-potential",
  "pattern": "〜える / 〜られる（potential）",
  "romaji": "eru / rareru (potential)",
  "level": "N4",
  "meaning": "can; be able to (potential form)",
  "formation": "Verb-dict (Group 1: final u → e) + る / Verb-nai stem + られる (Group 2)",
  "examples": [
    {
      "ja": "私は漢字が二百ぐらい読めます。",
      "furigana": "{私|わたし}は{漢字|かんじ}が{二|に}{百|ひゃく}ぐらい{読|よ}めます。",
      "en": "I can read about two hundred kanji."
    },
    {
      "ja": "兄は辛い料理が食べられない。",
      "furigana": "{兄|あに}は{辛|から}い{料理|りょうり}が{食|た}べられない。",
      "en": "My older brother can't eat spicy food."
    },
    {
      "ja": "明日のパーティーに来られますか。",
      "furigana": "{明日|あした}のパーティーに{来|こ}られますか。",
      "en": "Can you come to the party tomorrow?"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "ability",
    "conjugation"
  ],
  "notes": "Irregular: する → できる, 来る → 来られる. The object often takes が instead of を. In casual speech Group 2 verbs often drop ら (見れる).",
  "zh": {
    "status": "reviewed",
    "source_hash": "a21f08597bddf8086f50f9112c53ba638284e83c277bbb6bdfe27c7de0f6b207",
    "meanings": [
      "能做",
      "会做（可能形）"
    ],
    "formation": "五段动词词尾う段变え段＋る；一段动词去る＋られる",
    "explanation": "通过动词可能形表示能力或可能性。",
    "notes": "する变できる，来る变来られる；对象常用が。",
    "examples": [
      {
        "ja": "私は漢字が二百ぐらい読めます。",
        "zh": "我能读大约两百个汉字。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "兄は辛い料理が食べられない。",
        "zh": "哥哥不能吃辣菜。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "明日のパーティーに来られますか。",
        "zh": "你明天能来参加聚会吗？"
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      "sources/grammar/n4.json#eru-rareru-potential",
      "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review"
    ],
    "reviewer": "Codex",
    "review_method": "ai",
    "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28",
    "review_hash": "57a9a2e53fc6ec907186897d4bafb13a1122edf4abf634a027fec258318d91d2"
  }
}