JLPT N4 Grammar 98 points
- あげる / くれる / もらう给别人；给我方；从别人处得到 / give (to someone else); give (to me or my group); receive
- 〜てあげる为别人做…… / do something for someone (as a favor)
- 〜てくれる别人为我或我方做…… / someone does something for me (or my group)
- 〜てもらう请别人做……；得到别人的帮助 / have someone do something (for me); get someone to do
- 〜てくださる / 〜ていただく对方为我做……（尊敬）；承蒙对方做……（自谦） / (honorific) someone kindly does for me; (humble) I receive the favor of someone doing
- 〜ていく做了再去；带着去；今后逐渐…… / do something and go; go on doing (from now into the future)
- 〜てくる做了再回来；逐渐……起来；一直……到现在 / do something and come back; come doing; (change) up to now; start to
- 〜てしまう / 〜ちゃう做完；不小心……；竟然…… / finish completely; do by accident; end up doing (with regret)
- 〜ておく事先做好……；保持……状态 / do in advance (to prepare); do and leave as is
- 〜てみる试着做……看看 / try doing (to see what it is like)
- 〜てある已经……好（结果状态） / has been done (and stays that way); resulting state of a deliberate action
- 〜とき……的时候 / when; at the time when
- 〜間 / 〜間に在……的整个期间；在……期间的某个时候 / while; during (the whole time); at some point during
- 〜そうだ（appearance）看起来……；眼看就要…… / looks like; seems; looks about to
- 〜そうだ（hearsay）听说……；据说…… / I heard that; they say that
- 〜らしい（hearsay/conjecture）听说；似乎 / apparently; it seems; I hear
- 〜ようだ似乎；看来 / it seems; it appears (judging from evidence)
- 〜みたい好像；像 / seems like; looks like; like (casual)
- 〜すぎる太……；过度 / too; too much; excessively
- 〜方……的方法；如何…… / how to; way of doing
- 〜中正在……中；整个…… / in the middle of; during (ちゅう); throughout; all over (じゅう)
- 〜つもり打算；准备 / intend to; plan to
- 〜予定预定；计划 / plan to; be scheduled to
- 〜ことにする决定做 / decide to
- 〜ことになる决定了；结果变成 / it has been decided that; it turns out that
- 〜ことができる能够；可以 / can; be able to; be possible to
- 〜える / 〜られる（potential）能做；会做（可能形） / can; be able to (potential form)
- 〜れる / 〜られる（passive）被……；受到……（被动形） / be done (by someone); passive voice
- 〜せる / 〜させる让……做；使……做 / make someone do; let someone do (causative)
- 〜せられる / 〜させられる被迫做 / be made to do (against one's will)
- 〜おう / 〜よう一起……吧；我要…… / let's (casual); I'll (volitional form)
- 〜(よ)うと思う想要；打算 / be thinking of doing; plan to
- 〜え / 〜ろ做！（命令形） / do it! (imperative form; blunt command)
- 〜な（prohibition）不许做 / don't! (strong prohibition)
- 〜なさい做吧；请做（指示） / do (instruction from a parent, teacher, etc.)
- 〜ば如果；只要 / if
- 〜たら如果；……之后；当……时 / if; when; after
- 〜なら如果是……；说到……的话 / if (it's the case that); if you're talking about
- 〜と（conditional）一……就……；如果 / when; if; whenever (natural or automatic result)
- 〜ても / 〜でも即使；无论……也…… / even if; even though
- 〜のに（although）虽然；尽管 / although; even though (with surprise or dissatisfaction)
- 〜のに（purpose）用于；为了……所需 / for; in order to (with use, time or cost)
- 〜ので因为；由于 / because; since
- 〜て（reason）因为；由于 / because; so (cause of a feeling or state)
- 〜し而且；又……又…… / and what's more; and besides (listing reasons)
- 〜けど / 〜けれども但是；虽然；委婉引出话题 / but; although; (soft lead-in)
- 〜ために为了；由于 / in order to; for (the sake of); because of
- 〜ように（purpose）为了使；以便 / so that; in order that
- 〜ようにする努力做到；养成习惯 / try to; make sure to; make a habit of
- 〜ようになる变得能够；开始…… / come to; reach the point where (change in ability or habit)
- 〜てほしい希望别人做 / want someone to do
- 〜たがる表现出想做的样子 / (someone else) wants to
- 〜がる表现出……的感受 / (someone else) feels; shows signs of feeling
- 〜かもしれない也许；可能 / might; may; possibly
- 〜だろう大概；我想 / probably; I suppose (plain form of でしょう)
- 〜はずだ应该；按理说 / should be; is expected to (based on reasoning)
- 〜はずがない不可能；不应该会 / can't be; there's no way that
- 〜んです / 〜のです说明情况；询问原因 / it's that ...; (explaining or asking for an explanation)
- 〜かどうか是否；是不是 / whether or not
- 〜か（embedded question）……什么／哪里等（嵌入疑问） / embedded question (what, where, who, etc.)
- 〜と思う认为；觉得 / I think that
- 〜と言う说；称 / say that; tell (quotation)
- 〜しか〜ない只有；仅仅 / only; nothing but
- 〜ばかり净是；只 / nothing but; only; all
- 〜たばかり刚刚做了 / have just done
- 〜ところだ正要；正在；刚刚 / be about to; be in the middle of; have just done
- 〜やすい / 〜にくい容易做；难以做 / easy to; hard to
- 〜始める / 〜終わる / 〜続ける开始做；做完；继续做 / start doing; finish doing; keep doing
- 〜出す突然开始；……起来 / suddenly start doing; burst out
- 〜ほど〜ない不如……那么…… / not as ... as
- なかなか〜ない迟迟不；不容易 / not easily; just won't; not readily
- 〜ずつ每……；一点一点地 / each; at a time; little by little
- 〜も（emphasis）多达；连……也不 / as many as; as much as; (with a negative) not even one
- 〜までに在……之前；截至 / by (a deadline); before
- 〜ことがある有时；偶尔 / sometimes; there are times when
- 〜ないといけない / 〜なくちゃ必须；得（口语） / have to; must (conversational)
- 〜させてください请让我做 / please let me (do)
- 尊敬語尊敬语 / honorific verbs; respectful language for others' actions
- 謙譲語谦让语 / humble verbs; modest language for one's own actions
- お〜になる尊敬地表达他人的动作 / (honorific) someone respected does
- お〜する谦逊地表达自己的动作 / (humble) I do (for someone respected)
- 〜でございます是（郑重礼貌） / is; am; are (very polite copula)
- 〜ても構わない即使……也没关系 / don't mind if; it's fine if
- 〜の / 〜こと（nominalizer）将动作名词化 / the act of doing (turns a verb phrase into a noun)
- 〜ばよかった早知道就好了；不该 / should have (done); I wish I had
- 〜たらどう……怎么样；何不…… / why don't you ...?; how about ...?
- 〜ほうがいい最好；应该 / had better; should
- 〜とか〜とか……啦……之类 / things like A and B; A, B and so on (casual)
- 〜など等；之类 / etc.; and so on; such as
- 〜でも（suggestion）……之类；要不要…… / or something (softening a suggestion)
- 〜さ……的程度；……度 / -ness (turns an adjective into a noun of degree)
- 〜目第……；第几次 / -th (ordinal: first, second, third ...)
- 〜おきに每隔……；以……间隔 / every other; at intervals of
- 〜くする / 〜にする（make）使变得；把……变成 / make (something) ...; change something to a state
- 〜がする闻到；听到；感觉到 / (a smell, sound, taste or feeling) is perceived
- 〜かな / 〜かしら不知道……；……呢 / I wonder
- 〜てくれませんか / 〜ていただけませんか能否请您…… / could you please ...? (polite request)
- 〜ないで不做……而……；不…… / without doing; instead of doing