〜て（reason）

import { getGrammarById } from 'kotowa';
getGrammarById('te-reason');

{
  "id": "te-reason",
  "pattern": "〜て（reason）",
  "romaji": "te (reason)",
  "level": "N4",
  "meaning": "because; so (cause of a feeling or state)",
  "formation": "Verb-te / i-Adj stem + くて / na-Adj + で / Noun + で",
  "examples": [
    {
      "ja": "ニュースを聞いて、びっくりしました。",
      "furigana": "ニュースを{聞|き}いて、びっくりしました。",
      "en": "I was surprised to hear the news."
    },
    {
      "ja": "このスープは熱くて、飲めません。",
      "furigana": "このスープは{熱|あつ}くて、{飲|の}めません。",
      "en": "This soup is too hot to drink."
    },
    {
      "ja": "かぜで学校を休みました。",
      "furigana": "かぜで{学校|がっこう}を{休|やす}みました。",
      "en": "I stayed home from school with a cold."
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "reason"
  ],
  "notes": "The second part is usually a feeling, a potential form or a result, not a request or intention (use から or ので for those). Negative: 〜なくて (会えなくて寂しい).",
  "zh": {
    "status": "reviewed",
    "source_hash": "e1e5b8ed806a683c923a4b63542bd29ab8d0ad28309420de8f0d50fd177074a5",
    "meanings": [
      "因为",
      "由于"
    ],
    "formation": "动词て形／い形容词词干＋くて／名词或な形容词＋で",
    "explanation": "表示导致情绪、状态或结果的原因。",
    "notes": "后项通常不用请求或意志表达；否定可用〜なくて。",
    "examples": [
      {
        "ja": "ニュースを聞いて、びっくりしました。",
        "zh": "听到消息后我很吃惊。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "このスープは熱くて、飲めません。",
        "zh": "这汤太烫，没法喝。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "かぜで学校を休みました。",
        "zh": "我因为感冒没去学校。"
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      "sources/grammar/n4.json#te-reason",
      "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review"
    ],
    "reviewer": "Codex",
    "review_method": "ai",
    "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28",
    "review_hash": "2202e81cbe429593a3308714606877ebf41c10a3a753201ae7fd300fce093657"
  }
}