JAPANESE STUDY SYSTEMKOTOWA 词和
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SILVER ERA · ことばを、少しずつ。
JLPT BANDN5 BEGINNER → N1 ADVANCED

〜まで(even)

N3
made (even)

even (an extreme case)

Formation

Noun + まで / Noun + にまで

Chinese meanings

甚至连……

Chinese formation

名词+まで/名词+にまで

Chinese usage

增加一个出乎意料或程度极端的例子。

Chinese notes

常带惊讶或失望的语气。

Examples

  • 最さい近きんは、小しょう学がく生せいまでスマホを持もっている。
    These days even elementary school kids have smartphones.
    如今连小学生都有智能手机。
  • 親しん友ゆうにまでうそをつかれて、とてもショックだった。
    I was really shocked that even my best friend lied to me.
    连最好的朋友都骗我,我很震惊。
  • 雨あめだけでなく、風かぜまで強つよくなってきた。
    It's not just the rain; now even the wind is getting stronger.
    不仅雨大了起来,连风也变强了。

Notes

Adds an extreme item on top of others, often with surprise or dismay. Compare 〜さえ, which picks out one extreme example on its own.

#emphasis#addition

Related N3 grammar

Suggest an improvement

Use this entry in code
import { getGrammarById } from 'kotowa';
getGrammarById('made-even');
{
  "id": "made-even",
  "pattern": "〜まで(even)",
  "romaji": "made (even)",
  "level": "N3",
  "meaning": "even (an extreme case)",
  "formation": "Noun + まで / Noun + にまで",
  "examples": [
    {
      "ja": "最近は、小学生までスマホを持っている。",
      "furigana": "{最近|さいきん}は、{小学生|しょうがくせい}までスマホを{持|も}っている。",
      "en": "These days even elementary school kids have smartphones."
    },
    {
      "ja": "親友にまでうそをつかれて、とてもショックだった。",
      "furigana": "{親友|しんゆう}にまでうそをつかれて、とてもショックだった。",
      "en": "I was really shocked that even my best friend lied to me."
    },
    {
      "ja": "雨だけでなく、風まで強くなってきた。",
      "furigana": "{雨|あめ}だけでなく、{風|かぜ}まで{強|つよ}くなってきた。",
      "en": "It's not just the rain; now even the wind is getting stronger."
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "emphasis",
    "addition"
  ],
  "notes": "Adds an extreme item on top of others, often with surprise or dismay. Compare 〜さえ, which picks out one extreme example on its own.",
  "zh": {
    "status": "reviewed",
    "source_hash": "cff2f5c825d94fcf0f20a3f43823df1248b038bf1cf6bf3950b68d5d2e720cad",
    "meanings": [
      "甚至连……"
    ],
    "formation": "名词+まで/名词+にまで",
    "explanation": "增加一个出乎意料或程度极端的例子。",
    "notes": "常带惊讶或失望的语气。",
    "examples": [
      {
        "ja": "最近は、小学生までスマホを持っている。",
        "zh": "如今连小学生都有智能手机。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "親友にまでうそをつかれて、とてもショックだった。",
        "zh": "连最好的朋友都骗我,我很震惊。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "雨だけでなく、風まで強くなってきた。",
        "zh": "不仅雨大了起来,连风也变强了。"
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      "sources/grammar/n3.json#made-even",
      "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review"
    ],
    "reviewer": "Codex",
    "review_method": "ai",
    "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28",
    "review_hash": "43d886e91e7c356cbaf0f73d3b4a694369a60c9aa4ab47f9110c2350103eed15"
  }
}