〜手前

import { getGrammarById } from 'kotowa';
getGrammarById('temae');

{
  "id": "temae",
  "pattern": "〜手前",
  "reading": "〜てまえ",
  "romaji": "temae",
  "level": "N1",
  "meaning": "since (considering how it looks to others); out of consideration for",
  "formation": "Verb-plain / Noun + の + 手前",
  "examples": [
    {
      "ja": "部下の手前、上司の私が弱音を吐くことはできなかった。",
      "furigana": "{部下|ぶか}の{手前|てまえ}、{上司|じょうし}の{私|わたし}が{弱音|よわね}を{吐|は}くことはできなかった。",
      "en": "In front of my subordinates, I couldn't let myself complain as their boss."
    },
    {
      "ja": "必ず合格すると宣言した手前、今さら受験をやめるとは言えない。",
      "furigana": "{必|かなら}ず{合格|ごうかく}すると{宣言|せんげん}した{手前|てまえ}、{今|いま}さら{受験|じゅけん}をやめるとは{言|い}えない。",
      "en": "Having declared I would definitely pass, I can hardly say now that I'm giving up the exam."
    },
    {
      "ja": "子どもたちに約束を守れと言っている手前、親が約束を破るわけにはいかない。",
      "furigana": "{子|こ}どもたちに{約束|やくそく}を{守|まも}れと{言|い}っている{手前|てまえ}、{親|おや}が{約束|やくそく}を{破|やぶ}るわけにはいかない。",
      "en": "Since we tell our kids to keep their promises, we parents can't break ours."
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "reason",
    "standpoint"
  ],
  "notes": "Because of what one has said or one's position in front of others, one feels bound to act a certain way. Often followed by 〜わけにはいかない or 〜しかない.",
  "zh": {
    "source_hash": "417fa94afa33a1449dcad76a57aae246d352789a5a4d5551aade3a4df236e431",
    "meanings": [
      "碍于",
      "考虑到"
    ],
    "formation": "动词普通形＋手前；名词＋の手前",
    "explanation": "考虑到自己说过的话或在别人面前的立场，觉得必须有所顾忌。",
    "notes": "后常接不能做某事等表达。",
    "examples": [
      {
        "ja": "部下の手前、上司の私が弱音を吐くことはできなかった。",
        "zh": "顾及部下，身为上司的我不能说泄气话。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "必ず合格すると宣言した手前、今さら受験をやめるとは言えない。",
        "zh": "既然宣称一定会考上，现在就不能说放弃考试。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "子どもたちに約束を守れと言っている手前、親が約束を破るわけにはいかない。",
        "zh": "既然要求孩子们遵守约定，父母就不能违背约定。"
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      "sources/grammar/n1.json#temae",
      "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review"
    ],
    "review_hash": "2a09efd5065d04f343018e144fa9a7e541fd2e998507ee954f6c7bbaa53a40fb",
    "status": "reviewed",
    "reviewer": "Codex",
    "review_method": "ai",
    "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28"
  }
}