〜(よ)うが / 〜(よ)うと

import { getGrammarById } from 'kotowa';
getGrammarById('you-ga-you-to');

{
  "id": "you-ga-you-to",
  "pattern": "〜(よ)うが / 〜(よ)うと",
  "romaji": "you ga / you to",
  "level": "N1",
  "meaning": "no matter (what, how); even if",
  "formation": "Verb-volitional + が / Verb-volitional + と / i-Adj stem + かろうが / na-Adj + だろうが / Noun + だろうが",
  "examples": [
    {
      "ja": "周りに何と言われようが、自分で決めた道を進むつもりだ。",
      "furigana": "{周|まわ}りに{何|なん}と{言|い}われようが、{自分|じぶん}で{決|き}めた{道|みち}を{進|すす}むつもりだ。",
      "en": "No matter what people around me say, I intend to follow the path I chose."
    },
    {
      "ja": "どんなに忙しかろうと、彼は毎晩必ず子どもに絵本を読んでやる。",
      "furigana": "どんなに{忙|いそが}しかろうと、{彼|かれ}は{毎晩|まいばん}{必|かなら}ず{子|こ}どもに{絵本|えほん}を{読|よ}んでやる。",
      "en": "No matter how busy he is, he never fails to read his child a picture book every night."
    },
    {
      "ja": "相手が上司だろうが、間違っていることははっきり指摘すべきだ。",
      "furigana": "{相手|あいて}が{上司|じょうし}だろうが、{間違|まちが}っていることははっきり{指摘|してき}すべきだ。",
      "en": "Even if it's your boss, you should clearly point out what's wrong."
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "concession",
    "emphasis"
  ],
  "notes": "More emphatic than 〜ても; often with question words (何を, どこへ, いくら) or どんなに. The main clause shows the result is unaffected.",
  "zh": {
    "source_hash": "e9fbcb4352d47a3eacb6b81f735ed14077e37e14f2575025afb5396dda6e86d3",
    "meanings": [
      "无论",
      "即使"
    ],
    "formation": "动词意志形＋が／と；い形容词词干＋かろうが／かろうと；な形容词词干／名词＋だろうが／だろうと",
    "explanation": "表示无论前项如何，后项都不受影响。",
    "notes": "常与疑问词或どんなに呼应。",
    "examples": [
      {
        "ja": "周りに何と言われようが、自分で決めた道を進むつもりだ。",
        "zh": "无论周围的人怎么说，我都打算走自己决定的路。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "どんなに忙しかろうと、彼は毎晩必ず子どもに絵本を読んでやる。",
        "zh": "无论多忙，他每天晚上都一定给孩子读绘本。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "相手が上司だろうが、間違っていることははっきり指摘すべきだ。",
        "zh": "即使对方是上司，也应该明确指出错误。"
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      "sources/grammar/n1.json#you-ga-you-to",
      "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review"
    ],
    "review_hash": "7b0b7337c78f6e5add7e87d950f79cfd2fe143d72159e64efa1e03aa39d36589",
    "status": "reviewed",
    "reviewer": "Codex",
    "review_method": "ai",
    "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28"
  }
}