〜すら
N1sura
even; not even (an extreme example)
Formation
Noun (+ particle) + すら
Chinese meanings
甚至;连……都
Chinese formation
名词(+助词)+すら
Chinese usage
举出极端例子,强调程度。
Chinese notes
比さえ更书面,不用于さえ〜ば结构。
Examples
- 高熱が三日も続き、水を飲むことすらつらかった。The high fever lasted three days, and even drinking water was hard.高烧持续了三天,连喝水都很困难。
- この漢字は、専門家ですら読み間違えることがある。Even specialists sometimes misread this kanji.这个汉字连专家有时都会读错。
- 彼は長年連れ添った妻にすら、病気のことを打ち明けなかった。He didn't reveal his illness even to the wife he had been with for so many years.他甚至没有向相伴多年的妻子透露自己的病情。
Notes
A more literary 〜さえ. Unlike さえ, it is not used in the 〜さえ〜ば ('if only') construction.
#emphasis#written
Related N1 grammar
Use this entry in code
import { getGrammarById } from 'kotowa';
getGrammarById('sura');
{
"id": "sura",
"pattern": "〜すら",
"romaji": "sura",
"level": "N1",
"meaning": "even; not even (an extreme example)",
"formation": "Noun (+ particle) + すら",
"examples": [
{
"ja": "高熱が三日も続き、水を飲むことすらつらかった。",
"furigana": "{高熱|こうねつ}が{三日|みっか}も{続|つづ}き、{水|みず}を{飲|の}むことすらつらかった。",
"en": "The high fever lasted three days, and even drinking water was hard."
},
{
"ja": "この漢字は、専門家ですら読み間違えることがある。",
"furigana": "この{漢字|かんじ}は、{専門|せんもん}{家|か}ですら{読|よ}み{間違|まちが}えることがある。",
"en": "Even specialists sometimes misread this kanji."
},
{
"ja": "彼は長年連れ添った妻にすら、病気のことを打ち明けなかった。",
"furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{長年|ながねん}{連|つ}れ{添|そ}った{妻|つま}にすら、{病気|びょうき}のことを{打|う}ち{明|あ}けなかった。",
"en": "He didn't reveal his illness even to the wife he had been with for so many years."
}
],
"tags": [
"emphasis",
"written"
],
"notes": "A more literary 〜さえ. Unlike さえ, it is not used in the 〜さえ〜ば ('if only') construction.",
"zh": {
"source_hash": "c178a1733e8c5ef02992f87162c625409986843d307fbff4f07f05ec4629018e",
"meanings": [
"甚至",
"连……都"
],
"formation": "名词(+助词)+すら",
"explanation": "举出极端例子,强调程度。",
"notes": "比さえ更书面,不用于さえ〜ば结构。",
"examples": [
{
"ja": "高熱が三日も続き、水を飲むことすらつらかった。",
"zh": "高烧持续了三天,连喝水都很困难。"
},
{
"ja": "この漢字は、専門家ですら読み間違えることがある。",
"zh": "这个汉字连专家有时都会读错。"
},
{
"ja": "彼は長年連れ添った妻にすら、病気のことを打ち明けなかった。",
"zh": "他甚至没有向相伴多年的妻子透露自己的病情。"
}
],
"references": [
"sources/grammar/n1.json#sura",
"Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review"
],
"review_hash": "4ab5e9d007c5ef37c402b434856f11b44bedf6a52bd894e64eba8e5cda237c9a",
"status": "reviewed",
"reviewer": "Codex",
"review_method": "ai",
"reviewed_at": "2026-10-28"
}
}