JAPANESE STUDY SYSTEMKOTOWA 词和
N5 — N1
READING CONTROL
Vocabulary collection7,811
Kanji collection2,383
SOURCE SELECTOR
Grammar collection0526
SILVER ERA · ことばを、少しずつ。
JLPT BANDN5 BEGINNER → N1 ADVANCED

〜すら

N1
sura

even; not even (an extreme example)

Formation

Noun (+ particle) + すら

Chinese meanings

甚至;连……都

Chinese formation

名词(+助词)+すら

Chinese usage

举出极端例子,强调程度。

Chinese notes

比さえ更书面,不用于さえ〜ば结构。

Examples

  • 高こう熱ねつが三みっ日かも続つづき、水みずを飲のむことすらつらかった。
    The high fever lasted three days, and even drinking water was hard.
    高烧持续了三天,连喝水都很困难。
  • この漢かん字じは、専せん門もん家かですら読よみ間ま違ちがえることがある。
    Even specialists sometimes misread this kanji.
    这个汉字连专家有时都会读错。
  • 彼かれは長なが年ねん連つれ添そった妻つまにすら、病びょう気きのことを打うち明あけなかった。
    He didn't reveal his illness even to the wife he had been with for so many years.
    他甚至没有向相伴多年的妻子透露自己的病情。

Notes

A more literary 〜さえ. Unlike さえ, it is not used in the 〜さえ〜ば ('if only') construction.

#emphasis#written

Related N1 grammar

Suggest an improvement

Use this entry in code
import { getGrammarById } from 'kotowa';
getGrammarById('sura');
{
  "id": "sura",
  "pattern": "〜すら",
  "romaji": "sura",
  "level": "N1",
  "meaning": "even; not even (an extreme example)",
  "formation": "Noun (+ particle) + すら",
  "examples": [
    {
      "ja": "高熱が三日も続き、水を飲むことすらつらかった。",
      "furigana": "{高熱|こうねつ}が{三日|みっか}も{続|つづ}き、{水|みず}を{飲|の}むことすらつらかった。",
      "en": "The high fever lasted three days, and even drinking water was hard."
    },
    {
      "ja": "この漢字は、専門家ですら読み間違えることがある。",
      "furigana": "この{漢字|かんじ}は、{専門|せんもん}{家|か}ですら{読|よ}み{間違|まちが}えることがある。",
      "en": "Even specialists sometimes misread this kanji."
    },
    {
      "ja": "彼は長年連れ添った妻にすら、病気のことを打ち明けなかった。",
      "furigana": "{彼|かれ}は{長年|ながねん}{連|つ}れ{添|そ}った{妻|つま}にすら、{病気|びょうき}のことを{打|う}ち{明|あ}けなかった。",
      "en": "He didn't reveal his illness even to the wife he had been with for so many years."
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "emphasis",
    "written"
  ],
  "notes": "A more literary 〜さえ. Unlike さえ, it is not used in the 〜さえ〜ば ('if only') construction.",
  "zh": {
    "source_hash": "c178a1733e8c5ef02992f87162c625409986843d307fbff4f07f05ec4629018e",
    "meanings": [
      "甚至",
      "连……都"
    ],
    "formation": "名词(+助词)+すら",
    "explanation": "举出极端例子,强调程度。",
    "notes": "比さえ更书面,不用于さえ〜ば结构。",
    "examples": [
      {
        "ja": "高熱が三日も続き、水を飲むことすらつらかった。",
        "zh": "高烧持续了三天,连喝水都很困难。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "この漢字は、専門家ですら読み間違えることがある。",
        "zh": "这个汉字连专家有时都会读错。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "彼は長年連れ添った妻にすら、病気のことを打ち明けなかった。",
        "zh": "他甚至没有向相伴多年的妻子透露自己的病情。"
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      "sources/grammar/n1.json#sura",
      "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review"
    ],
    "review_hash": "4ab5e9d007c5ef37c402b434856f11b44bedf6a52bd894e64eba8e5cda237c9a",
    "status": "reviewed",
    "reviewer": "Codex",
    "review_method": "ai",
    "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28"
  }
}