〜ずに済む / 〜ないで済む

import { getGrammarById } from 'kotowa';
getGrammarById('zu-ni-sumu-naide-sumu');

{
  "id": "zu-ni-sumu-naide-sumu",
  "pattern": "〜ずに済む / 〜ないで済む",
  "reading": "〜ずにすむ / 〜ないですむ",
  "romaji": "zu ni sumu / naide sumu",
  "level": "N2",
  "meaning": "get by without; not have to; be spared from",
  "formation": "Verb-nai stem + ずに済む / Verb-nai + で済む",
  "examples": [
    {
      "ja": "友人が車で送ってくれたので、タクシーを使わずに済んだ。",
      "furigana": "{友人|ゆうじん}が{車|くるま}で{送|おく}ってくれたので、タクシーを{使|つか}わずに{済|す}んだ。",
      "en": "My friend gave me a ride, so I didn't have to take a taxi."
    },
    {
      "ja": "早めに治療を始めたおかげで、手術しないで済んだ。",
      "furigana": "{早|はや}めに{治療|ちりょう}を{始|はじ}めたおかげで、{手術|しゅじゅつ}しないで{済|す}んだ。",
      "en": "Thanks to starting treatment early, I didn't need surgery."
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "necessity",
    "negation"
  ],
  "notes": "Something unpleasant or costly turned out to be unnecessary. する → せずに済む. Compare Noun + で済む, 'be settled with just ...'.",
  "zh": {
    "status": "reviewed",
    "source_hash": "084c05e68f3258ac602fefe3cfc99af8ab3f1ba984cd623b72dcd1e2dd1be9d5",
    "meanings": [
      "免于",
      "不必"
    ],
    "formation": "动词ない形去ない＋ずに済む；动词ない形＋で済む",
    "explanation": "表示不必做令人不快或代价较大的事。",
    "notes": "する变为せずに済む。",
    "examples": [
      {
        "ja": "友人が車で送ってくれたので、タクシーを使わずに済んだ。",
        "zh": "朋友开车送我，所以不用坐出租车。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "早めに治療を始めたおかげで、手術しないで済んだ。",
        "zh": "多亏及早治疗，免去了手术。"
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      "sources/grammar/n2.json#zu-ni-sumu-naide-sumu",
      "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review"
    ],
    "reviewer": "Codex",
    "review_method": "ai",
    "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28",
    "review_hash": "441ce7434fb912059a1187b76ca5f83e9b31d9d0a4e180cdbf07ec115b8b708a"
  }
}