〜末(に)
N2〜すえ(に) sue ni
after (a long process of); finally, at the end of
Formation
Verb-ta + 末(に) / Noun + の + 末(に)
Chinese meanings
经过……之后;最终
Chinese formation
动词た形+末(に);名词+の+末(に)
Chinese usage
表示经过长时间努力或思考后的结果。
Chinese notes
结果可好可坏;あげく多用于不良结果。
Examples
- 半年にわたる交渉の末、両社はようやく合意に達した。After six months of negotiations, the two companies finally reached an agreement.经过半年的谈判,两家公司终于达成协议。
- 散々悩んだ末に、彼は留学をあきらめることにした。After much agonizing, he decided to give up studying abroad.烦恼了很久之后,他决定放弃留学。
- 試行錯誤の末に完成したのが、この新しいエンジンだ。What we finally completed after much trial and error is this new engine.经过反复试验最终完成的就是这款新发动机。
Notes
Neutral: the outcome may be good or bad and is often a decision or conclusion. Use 〜あげく when the result is negative or frustrating.
#result#sequence#written
Related N2 grammar
Use this entry in code
import { getGrammarById } from 'kotowa';
getGrammarById('sue-ni');
{
"id": "sue-ni",
"pattern": "〜末(に)",
"reading": "〜すえ(に)",
"romaji": "sue ni",
"level": "N2",
"meaning": "after (a long process of); finally, at the end of",
"formation": "Verb-ta + 末(に) / Noun + の + 末(に)",
"examples": [
{
"ja": "半年にわたる交渉の末、両社はようやく合意に達した。",
"furigana": "{半年|はんとし}にわたる{交渉|こうしょう}の{末|すえ}、{両社|りょうしゃ}はようやく{合意|ごうい}に{達|たっ}した。",
"en": "After six months of negotiations, the two companies finally reached an agreement."
},
{
"ja": "散々悩んだ末に、彼は留学をあきらめることにした。",
"furigana": "{散々|さんざん}{悩|なや}んだ{末|すえ}に、{彼|かれ}は{留学|りゅうがく}をあきらめることにした。",
"en": "After much agonizing, he decided to give up studying abroad."
},
{
"ja": "試行錯誤の末に完成したのが、この新しいエンジンだ。",
"furigana": "{試行錯誤|しこうさくご}の{末|すえ}に{完成|かんせい}したのが、この{新|あたら}しいエンジンだ。",
"en": "What we finally completed after much trial and error is this new engine."
}
],
"tags": [
"result",
"sequence",
"written"
],
"notes": "Neutral: the outcome may be good or bad and is often a decision or conclusion. Use 〜あげく when the result is negative or frustrating.",
"zh": {
"status": "reviewed",
"source_hash": "1784bf9efbf382cfe3d97dbd30dfb61f8e05bde1b3b7b6ad15304155c6241563",
"meanings": [
"经过……之后",
"最终"
],
"formation": "动词た形+末(に);名词+の+末(に)",
"explanation": "表示经过长时间努力或思考后的结果。",
"notes": "结果可好可坏;あげく多用于不良结果。",
"examples": [
{
"ja": "半年にわたる交渉の末、両社はようやく合意に達した。",
"zh": "经过半年的谈判,两家公司终于达成协议。"
},
{
"ja": "散々悩んだ末に、彼は留学をあきらめることにした。",
"zh": "烦恼了很久之后,他决定放弃留学。"
},
{
"ja": "試行錯誤の末に完成したのが、この新しいエンジンだ。",
"zh": "经过反复试验最终完成的就是这款新发动机。"
}
],
"references": [
"sources/grammar/n2.json#sue-ni",
"Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review"
],
"reviewer": "Codex",
"review_method": "ai",
"reviewed_at": "2026-10-28",
"review_hash": "35714620bc70aefb67f1909628d5bd8173446706fbd8e3a23a1308e7bf3cb121"
}
}