JAPANESE STUDY SYSTEMKOTOWA 词和
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SILVER ERA · ことばを、少しずつ。
JLPT BANDN5 BEGINNER → N1 ADVANCED

〜末(に)

N2
〜すえ(に) sue ni

after (a long process of); finally, at the end of

Formation

Verb-ta + 末(に) / Noun + の + 末(に)

Chinese meanings

经过……之后;最终

Chinese formation

动词た形+末(に);名词+の+末(に)

Chinese usage

表示经过长时间努力或思考后的结果。

Chinese notes

结果可好可坏;あげく多用于不良结果。

Examples

  • 半はん年としにわたる交こう渉しょうの末すえ、両りょう社しゃはようやく合ごう意いに達たっした。
    After six months of negotiations, the two companies finally reached an agreement.
    经过半年的谈判,两家公司终于达成协议。
  • 散さん々ざん悩なやんだ末すえに、彼かれは留りゅう学がくをあきらめることにした。
    After much agonizing, he decided to give up studying abroad.
    烦恼了很久之后,他决定放弃留学。
  • 試し行こう錯さく誤ごの末すえに完かん成せいしたのが、この新あたらしいエンジンだ。
    What we finally completed after much trial and error is this new engine.
    经过反复试验最终完成的就是这款新发动机。

Notes

Neutral: the outcome may be good or bad and is often a decision or conclusion. Use 〜あげく when the result is negative or frustrating.

#result#sequence#written

Related N2 grammar

Suggest an improvement

Use this entry in code
import { getGrammarById } from 'kotowa';
getGrammarById('sue-ni');
{
  "id": "sue-ni",
  "pattern": "〜末(に)",
  "reading": "〜すえ(に)",
  "romaji": "sue ni",
  "level": "N2",
  "meaning": "after (a long process of); finally, at the end of",
  "formation": "Verb-ta + 末(に) / Noun + の + 末(に)",
  "examples": [
    {
      "ja": "半年にわたる交渉の末、両社はようやく合意に達した。",
      "furigana": "{半年|はんとし}にわたる{交渉|こうしょう}の{末|すえ}、{両社|りょうしゃ}はようやく{合意|ごうい}に{達|たっ}した。",
      "en": "After six months of negotiations, the two companies finally reached an agreement."
    },
    {
      "ja": "散々悩んだ末に、彼は留学をあきらめることにした。",
      "furigana": "{散々|さんざん}{悩|なや}んだ{末|すえ}に、{彼|かれ}は{留学|りゅうがく}をあきらめることにした。",
      "en": "After much agonizing, he decided to give up studying abroad."
    },
    {
      "ja": "試行錯誤の末に完成したのが、この新しいエンジンだ。",
      "furigana": "{試行錯誤|しこうさくご}の{末|すえ}に{完成|かんせい}したのが、この{新|あたら}しいエンジンだ。",
      "en": "What we finally completed after much trial and error is this new engine."
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "result",
    "sequence",
    "written"
  ],
  "notes": "Neutral: the outcome may be good or bad and is often a decision or conclusion. Use 〜あげく when the result is negative or frustrating.",
  "zh": {
    "status": "reviewed",
    "source_hash": "1784bf9efbf382cfe3d97dbd30dfb61f8e05bde1b3b7b6ad15304155c6241563",
    "meanings": [
      "经过……之后",
      "最终"
    ],
    "formation": "动词た形+末(に);名词+の+末(に)",
    "explanation": "表示经过长时间努力或思考后的结果。",
    "notes": "结果可好可坏;あげく多用于不良结果。",
    "examples": [
      {
        "ja": "半年にわたる交渉の末、両社はようやく合意に達した。",
        "zh": "经过半年的谈判,两家公司终于达成协议。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "散々悩んだ末に、彼は留学をあきらめることにした。",
        "zh": "烦恼了很久之后,他决定放弃留学。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "試行錯誤の末に完成したのが、この新しいエンジンだ。",
        "zh": "经过反复试验最终完成的就是这款新发动机。"
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      "sources/grammar/n2.json#sue-ni",
      "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review"
    ],
    "reviewer": "Codex",
    "review_method": "ai",
    "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28",
    "review_hash": "35714620bc70aefb67f1909628d5bd8173446706fbd8e3a23a1308e7bf3cb121"
  }
}