〜にもかかわらず

import { getGrammarById } from 'kotowa';
getGrammarById('ni-mo-kakawarazu');

{
  "id": "ni-mo-kakawarazu",
  "pattern": "〜にもかかわらず",
  "romaji": "ni mo kakawarazu",
  "level": "N2",
  "meaning": "despite; in spite of; although",
  "formation": "Verb-plain / i-Adj / na-Adj + である / Noun + にもかかわらず",
  "examples": [
    {
      "ja": "悪天候にもかかわらず、大勢の観客が会場に集まった。",
      "furigana": "{悪天候|あくてんこう}にもかかわらず、{大勢|おおぜい}の{観客|かんきゃく}が{会場|かいじょう}に{集|あつ}まった。",
      "en": "Despite the bad weather, a large crowd gathered at the venue."
    },
    {
      "ja": "何度も注意されたにもかかわらず、彼は同じミスを繰り返した。",
      "furigana": "{何|なん}{度|ど}も{注意|ちゅうい}されたにもかかわらず、{彼|かれ}は{同|おな}じミスを{繰|く}り{返|かえ}した。",
      "en": "Despite being warned many times, he repeated the same mistake."
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "concession",
    "formal"
  ],
  "notes": "A formal counterpart of 〜のに, common in news and writing; stresses that the result goes against what A would lead one to expect. Don't confuse with 〜にかかわらず (regardless of).",
  "zh": {
    "status": "reviewed",
    "source_hash": "b28269040b00f4f1e8d0f1b28b43515def654536a2a26f2f7a699128a88bc11e",
    "meanings": [
      "尽管",
      "虽然"
    ],
    "formation": "动词・い形容词普通形＋にもかかわらず；な形容词词干＋である＋にもかかわらず；名词＋にもかかわらず",
    "explanation": "表示结果与前项通常带来的预期相反。",
    "notes": "不要与表示不受条件限制的にかかわらず混淆。",
    "examples": [
      {
        "ja": "悪天候にもかかわらず、大勢の観客が会場に集まった。",
        "zh": "尽管天气恶劣，还是有大批观众聚集在会场。"
      },
      {
        "ja": "何度も注意されたにもかかわらず、彼は同じミスを繰り返した。",
        "zh": "尽管多次受到提醒，他仍反复犯同样的错误。"
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      "sources/grammar/n2.json#ni-mo-kakawarazu",
      "Original Chinese authored and reviewed by Codex; no independent human review"
    ],
    "reviewer": "Codex",
    "review_method": "ai",
    "reviewed_at": "2026-10-28",
    "review_hash": "7dbdad5fff81f8dfa7f2652d2371180ca44a1e18e5672d88217232590c64ee29"
  }
}